abadya infinite duration, endless

time, eternity
a particle introducing direct and indirect bid wild, untamed
questions; a - am in alternative bida pl. awbid2 unusual
questions; sawun a am no thing, prodigious event a. ad-
matter whether - or; a-wa particle duny the Wonders of the World
indicating or implying doubt: or? perhaps?
(atau/apakah) ( taukku) you mu'abbad eternal, endless,
wouldn't doubt it, would you? do you everlasting ( sijn) life
perhaps doubt it? or do you doubt it? imprisonment
al and a-m intensifying interjections 1
abara i u (abr) to prick, sting II to
introducing sentences: verily, truly, pollinate ( a palm tree)
indeed, oh yes, etc., ( fa-nur)
ibra pl. ibar needle, pln;
oh, do look! why, look! ( innah)
indicator (of an instrument); shot,
why, he is ... !
injection (med.);sting, prick
1
b2 August = Agustus (month; Syr., Leb., aqanahu ibratan to give s.o. an injection;
Jord., Ir.) i. ar-r geranium (bot.);
2
see ( magnsya) magnetic needle;
ug1 al-i. needlework
3
abba u to long, yearn, ( il
waanihi for one's homeland) mi'bar needlecase; pack needle
2
4
look up alphabetically br see

( It. abate) abt abbot (Chr.) abraya and abrya pl. -t

diocese, bishoprie (Chr.); parish (Chr.)
ibla, ibbla bundle, bale
abrams, bream (zool.)
see
pure gold 1
abjad alphabet
ibrsam, ibrsim silk
abjad alphabetic(al); elementary
facts, simple truths the ibrq pl. abrq2 pitcher, jug
letters of the alphabet abril April
abada ( ubd) to stay, linger ( at a abzan pl. abzin2 washbowl
place); i u to roam in a state of
ibzm pl. abzim2 buckle, clasp
wildness, run wild, be shy, shy away, run
away (animal, game) II to make lasting or ub pl. b and mabi pl.
permanent, perpetuate, eternize ( s.th.) V mabi2 hollow of the knee,
to be perpetuated, become lasting or popliteal space
permanentl; to return to a state of wildness V to take or carry under one's arm ( s.th.);
abad pl. bd endless, eternal to put one's arm ( around s.o., around
duration, eternity; abadan always, s.th.), hold in one's arm ( s.th.)
forever; ever, (with neg.) never (in the ib pl. b m. and f. armpit
future), not at all, on no account; (alone,
without negation) never! not at all! By no abaqa i ( ibq) to escape, run away (a
means! and slave from his master)
abada d-dahri forever; abada l- abaq a kind of hemp
abadn and il abadi l-a.
forever and ever biq pl. ubbq runaway,
escaped; a fugitive
abadi everlasting, eternal, endless 1
ibil (coll.) camel
al-abad eternity 2
ibla, ibbla bundle, bale
 iblz alluvial deposits (of the Nile) disdain ( s.th.): to deny ( s.o. s.th.)
ibls pl. ablisa devil, Satan ( ill an yafalah) he
insisted on doing it; God willed
1
II to celebrate, praise, eulogize ( a that ... V to refuse, decline
deceased person), deliver a funeral oration
ib, iba rejection; dislike,
( in praise of s.o.)
distaste, aversion, disdain; pride
ubna passive pederasty
aby disdainful, scornful: proud,
ibbn time: ibbna during, lofty, lofty-minded
at the time of, during
bin pl. ubh reserved,
tabn commemoration (of a standoffish; unwilling, reluctant, grudging
deceased person) aflat at-t.
abb the eleventh month of the Coptic
commemorative celebration (in honor of a
calendar 2
deceased person)
abqr Epicurean
mabn catamite; weakling,
mollycoddle, sissy; scoundrel abqriya Epicureanism
2
see 1 utrujj and utrunj citron (Citrus
medica; bot.)
abns ebony
( Turk. atei) teg fireman, stoker
abaha and abiha a (abh) to pay attention (
, also to), heed (, also s.th.), take matam pl. matim2 obsequies, funeral
notice (, also of) ceremony
(yu'bahu) an insignificant, unimportant 1
atn pl. tun, utun, utn female
matter V to display proud, haughty
donkey, she-ass
manners; to turn away, keep one's
2
distance, remain aloof ( from), look atn, attn pl. utun, attn2 kiln,
down ( upon), think o.s. far above ( furnace, oven
s.o. or s.th.) itwa pl. atw duty, tax, tribute
ubbaha splendor, pomp, ( Fr.) otobs autobus, bus
ostentation, pageantry; pride
( Fr.) otomtk automatic
ab pl. aba' father (also eccl.): ancestor,
forefather: y abati O my father! boyl lId ( Fr.) otomobl
al-abawn the parents, father and automobile
mother; abn reverend father, form of at i ( ityn, aty, to come ( or
address and title of a priest (Chr). to; over s.o.), arrive ( or at);
aban an jaddin handed down from father to bring, bring forward, produce,
to son, as s.th. inherited from forefathers; advance, accomplish or achieve s.th.;
ab sun marabou; ab n- to bring, give or offer s.o. s.th.; to do,
naum poppy; ab l-haul the perform ( a deed), carry out, execute (
Sphinx; ab l-yaqn rooster, e.g., movements); to commit, perpetrate (
cock a sin, a. crime); to mention ( s.th.); to
ubwa fatherhood, paternity finish off ( s.th., also s.o.); to finish,
complete, carry through, dispose, settle,
abaw paternal, fatherly wind up, conclude, terminate, bring to a
ebonite close ( s.th.); to destroy, annihilate,
eradicate, wipe out ( s.th.); to
( Fr. abonn) abneh pl. -t subscription; eliminate, carry away, sweep away (
subscription card (e.g., for public s.th.), do away ( with); to use up,
conveyances, a concert season, etc.) exhaust (also a subject), present
ab a ( ib, iba) to refuse, exhaustively, in great detail ( s.th.),
decline; to turn down, reject, scorn, elaborate ( on s.th.) as
 follows; ( khirih) to influence ( or s.o., s.th.), act ( or
complete, finish s.th.; to spend or use up upon), produce an effect, make an
the last of s.th.; to impression, have influence ( or on);
destroy everything, wreak havoc; to induce (phys.) IV to prefer ( s.th.
s.th. in the right way, knock to), like ( s.th.) more ( than); to have a
on the right door; yuta min predilection, a liking ( for), like ( s.th.),
qibali is undermined, weakened, ruined by be fond ( of); to choose, deem wise or
III to offer furnish, give, afford ( to s.o. advisable ( to do s.th.); to adore (
s.th.), provide, supply ( s.o. with); to be s.o., s.th.) ( nafsah bi-l-
propitious, be favorable ( for s.o.), favor ( kair) to wish o.s. well, hope for the best
s.o.); to turn out well (. for s.o.), be in for o.s. V to be impressed, be influenced;
favor ( of); to suit, befit, become ( s.o.), to let o.s. be impressed, be impressible; to
be appropriate ( for s.o.); to agree ( with be moved, be touched ( or by, also ;)
s.o.; food) ( kullu aiin) to be excited, be stimulated; to be affected
everything was in his favor, turned out ( by, said of materials, e.g., iron by acid);
well for him, came his way IV to bring ( to be induced (phys.); to follow in s.o.s ()
s.o. s.th.); to give ( s.o. s.th.); to grant ( tracks, follow s.o.s example, emulate (
to s.o. s.th.), bestow ( upon s.o. s.th.) s.o.); to pursue, follow up ( a question, a
( zakta) to give alms V to problem); to perceive, feel ( s.th.) X to
originate, stem, derive, spring, arise, result claim a monopoly; to possess alone, with
( from); to end ( with), result ( the exclusion of others, monopolize (
in); to get ( to), arrive ( at); to be easy s.th.); to appropriate ( s.th.), take
to do, be feasible without difficulty, be exclusive possession ( of); to preoccupy
attainable, go well, progress; to go about ( s.th.), engross ( the attention)
s.th. ( )gently, cautiously X to ask to the Lord has taken him unto Himself
come, induce to come ( s.o.) aar pl. r track, trace, vestige;
matan pl. matin place where sign, mark; touch; impression, effect,
s.th. comes from; place at which one action, influence ( on); tradition
arrives; access; pl. place of origin; (relating the deeds and utterances of
origin, source, provenance; place where Mohammed and his Companions); work
one has been or to which one has come; (of art, esp. of literature); ancient
place where s.th. starts, where s.th. ends monument; antiquities; remnants,
vestiges; (religious) relics ilm
tin coming, next; following
al-a. archeology; museum of
( usb) the coming week, next
antiquities; ( aara) ineffective,
week; as follows
ineffectnal; ( raj) with
mutin, muwtin favorable, retroactive force (jur.);
propitious, opportune, convenient, suitable abaa aaran bada ainin to be
aa u I a ( aa) to be luxuriant, grow destroyed, be wiped out, leave nothing but
profusely (hair, plants) II to fix up, memory behind; ( aadah)
prepare ( s.th.); to furnish ( an to destroy s.th. completely ;
apartment) V to be or become rich, (also f irih) on his (its) track, at his
wealthy, to prosper; to be furnished heels, after him; immediately afterwards,
presently, thereupon; ;'11 j. immediately
a furniture, furnishings (of an afterwards, presently
apartment, of a room)
ira (prep.) immediately after, right
ta furnishing after
a, a abundant, luxuriant, aar archeologic(a1); archeologist
profusely growing (hair, plants) (also r); old, ancient, antique
aara u i (ar, ara) to transmit, pass archeologist; ( luga) dead
along, report, relate ( s.th., from, or language
based on the authority of, s.o.) II to affect, air egoistic, selfish
 aara selfishness, egoism
ar favored, preferred ( by s.o.),
in favor ( with s.o.); select, exquisite,
noble; see also alphabetically
ara remainder, remnant; faint
trace, vestige
maara, maura pl. mair
exploit, feat, glorious deed
tar action, effect, influence,
impression ( on); effectiveness,
efficacy; induction (phys.)
tar produced by induction,
inductive, inductional, induced (phys.)
r preference; altruism;
predilection; love, affection
taaur being influenced; agitation,
emotion, feeling; excitability, sensitivity;
(pl. -t) feeling, sensation, perception
easily impressed, impressible,
sensitive
taaur: ajja u i ( ajj) to burn, blaze, flame (fire)
(madhab)the impressionistic movement
taatturya impressionism
istitr arrogation of a monopoly;
monopolization; presumption,
presumptuousness; exclusive power
matr transmitted, handed down
( qaul) and ( kalima) ajabya horologium (Copt.-Chr.)
proverb
muattir affecting, acting upon;
effective; impressive; moving, touching,
pathetic; (pl. -t) influencing factor,
influence
2
look up alphabetically
utfya pl. atfin trivet, tripod (in
&ncient times: &ny one of the three
stones supporting a cooking pot near the
fire) that which rounds out a
number, caps s.th., puts the lid on s.th., the
crowning touch
atala i to consolidate, strengthen II to
become rich V to be consolidated, be
strengthened; to become rich
atl pl. utl (coll.; n. un. pl.
atalat) tamarisk (bot.)
atl and muattal deep-rooted;
of noble origin, highborn
atima a (itm, atam, matam) to sin, err,
slip V to eschew sin, shun evil; to restrain
o.s. hold back
itm pl. tm sin, offense,
2 misdeed, crime
matam pl. sin, offense,
misdeed, crime
sin, offense, misdeed, crime
tim pl. atama and atm pl.
atm sinful, criminal, wicked, evil;
sinner
itmid antimony
atr ether
atn Athens
atybiy Ethiopia
atyb Ethiopian; (pl.-n) an
Ethiopian Ethiopia
II to light, kindle, start ( a fire) V = I
m ujj bitter, salty water
ajjj burning, blazing, hot
mutaajjij burning, blazing,
flaming
2
ajara u (ajr) to reward, recompense,
remunerate ( s.o.) II to let for rent, let
out, hire out, rent, lease ( s.th.); (with
nafsah) to hire s.o. out IV to let for rent,
let out, hire out, rent, lease ( s.th.); to
rent, hire, lease, hold under a lease (
s.th.), take a lease, ( on); to hire, engage,
take on ( s.o.), engage the services ( of
s.o.) X to rent, hire, lease, hold under a
lease (.th.), take a lease ( on); to charter
( a vessel); to hire, engage, take on (
s.o.), engage the service ( of s.o.)
ajr pl. ujr wages, pay,
honorarium, recompense, emolument,
remuneration; price, rate, fee
u. as-safar fares
ujra hire, rent, rental; price, rate,
fee; fixed rate, (official) charge; postage
postage; u. an-naql
 transport charges, freight(age), carriage,
cartage
ajr pl. ujar hireling;
workman, laborer, day laborer; employee
ajra working woman, factory
girl, female laborer; woman employee
tajr letting, leasing, hiring out,
letting on lease; lease
( ira) Lend-Lease Act ajama, coll. ajam pl. -t, ujum,
jr pl. -t rent; letting, leasing,
hiring out, letting on lease for
rent, to let
ijra pl. -t rent; letting, leasing,
hiring out, letting on lease
istijr rent, lease, tenure ajanda notebook
majr paid, salaried, on the
payroll, gainfully employed; employee;
mercenary, venal, hired, bribed
muajjir pl. -n landlord, lessor
mustajir leaseholder, lessee,
tenant; employer 5
2
jurr (n. un. )baked brick
see
see
ijj pear
ajala a (ajal) to hesitate, tarry, linger II to
delay, postpone, put off, defer, adjourn (
s.th. till) V to be postponed, be
deferred, be adjourned ( till, to) X to
request postponement ( of s.th.); to seek
to delay ( s.th.)
ajal yes, indeed! certainly! by all means!
li-ajli or min ajli because of,
on account of, for the sake of; for
in order that, that, so that; see
therefore, for that reason, on this account
ajal pl. jl appointed time,
date, deadline; instant of death; respite,
delay on credit (com.); aaa u (a) to take ( s.th. from or
short-term, short-time; short-lived:
( gairi musamm) for an
indefinite period, sine die, until further
notice
tajl delay, postponement,
adjournment, deferment, respite;
appointment of a time or date
jil delayed, protracted; deferred;
later, future (as opposed to (
jilan au jilan, sooner
or later, now or later on;
now and in the future
al-jila the life to come, the
hereafter
muajjal delayed, late, postponed,
deferred; fixed in time, deadlined
jm thicket, jungle, forest: reeds,
canebrake
ajamiya malaria baat
al-a. anopheles
jin brackish (water)
aa u (a) to cough
II to make into one, unite, unify ( s.th.)
VIII see
aad, f. one: somebody, someone,
anybody, anyone (esp. in negative
sentences and questions); the One
(God); Sunday aaduhum every one
of them; yaum al-a. Sunday;
a. as-saaf Palm Sunday;
a. al-anara Whitsunday; d
al-ulf a few thousand (2-9000; as
distinguished from and
)
aad dominical, Sunday (adj.)
aadya unity, oneness
al-d the units (math.)
1
aina a (aan) to bate ( s.o.)
ina pl. ian old feud, deep-rooted
hatred
2
see
see
out of): to take ( s.th.) along: to get,
receive, obtain ( s.th. from); to take
up, seize ( s.th.); to grab ( s.o., s.th.),
take hold of (): to perceive, notice ( s.o.,
said of the eye); to gather, understand,
infer, deduce ( s.th. from), read (
s.th.) between the lines ( of); to grip,
captivate, thrill, spellbind ( s.o.); to take s.o., take care of s.o., look after s.o.;
up, acquire, make one's own ( s.th., e.g., ( nafasah) to draw breath;
a method); to keep, adhere ( to), to take s.o.s breath away;
observe, take over, adopt, embrace, (naum) sleep overwhelmed him;
follow, copy, imitate ( s.th.); to accept ( (bi-yadih) to help s.o., stand by s.o. II to
s.th.); to take, lead ( s.o. to); to lay under a spell, enchant, bewitch ( s.o.)
admonish, urge, drive ( s.o. to do s.th.); III to censure, blame ( s.o. for
to enjoin, impose ( on s.o. s.th.); to take s.th.); to punish ( s.o. for); to hold
away ( from s.o. s.th.), strip, deprive ( s.th. ( )against s.o. (), resent ( s.th.
s.o. of), cut off, bar ( s.o. from); , in s.o.) l tuidn pardon
to reproach, hlame ( s.o. for); to hold me! forgive me! no offense, I hope! VIII
against s.o. ( )that ... (), fix the blame ittaada to take ( s.th.); to take on,
( on s.o., for the fact that); to assume ( s.th.); to take up, occupy (
obligate ( s.o. to); to learn ( or s.th.); to pass, adopt ( e.g., a resolution);
from s.o., s.th.), acquire knowledge ( to take, single out, have in mind (
or from s.o.), '( ilm) to study s.o. or s.th. as); to make use ( of s.th.),
under s.o.; to begin, start ( or with use ( s.th.); to imitate, affect ( e.g.,
s.th. or s.th., with foll. imperf.: to do s.th.), s.o.s manner of speaking); to make (
prepare, set out, be about ( or to do s.th. out of s.o. or s.th.) ( aklan)
s.th.) ( uhbatah) to make to take on a form or shape;
preparations, prepare o.s., get ready; (mauqifan) to take an attitude, assume a
( maad) to adopt the same position; to take the
course as s.o. else, follow s.o.s example; necessary measures; ( qarran) to
to seize s.o., take possession of pass or adopt a resolution;
s.o. (a sensation, or the like); to take up new positions (troops)
(majrhu) to take its course; ad acceptance, reception; seizure;
(majlisah) to take one's seat, sit down; taking out, taking away, removal, etc.
( idrah) to be on one's guard; a. ar-ra'y voting, vote; ( wa-
( usn) to be friendly, be nice radd) discussion, debate, dispute,
to s.o.; ( bi-irih) to show o.s. argument; ( yaqbalu)
complaisant toward s.o., try to please s.o.; an indisputable matter;
( bi-danbihi) to punish s.o. for his (wa-a) give-and-take; traffic, trade;
offense; ( ra'yah) to ask s.o.s dealings, relations (esp. business,
opinion, consult s.o.; ( uida commercial); discussion, debate; fight,
r-ra'yu) the matter was put to a vote;
battle
( bi-asbbi) to embrace, adopt s.th.,
e.g., ( ara) to uda spell, charm
adopt European culture; ( idda) to ad prisoner of war
deal with s.o. severely, give s.o. a rough
time; to obstruct s.o.s way, ada booty, spoils
hinder s.o. from moving on; to ad captivating, fascinating,
shoulder s.th., take s.th. upon o.s.; thrilling
( udda) to prepare, set out, get ready to
do s.th.; ( ahdan) to put s.o. maad pl. maid2 place
under an obligation, impose a from which one takes s.th., source; O wall
commitment on s.o.; )( socket, outlet (el.); adoption, borrowing,
uida al (ni) girratin to be taken by loan; manner of acting, mode of
surprise, be caught unawares; procedure, approach; pl. source
(muqbala) to repay like for like; references, bibliography (in booke);
s.th. which captivates the heart, a reprehensible points, faults, flaws, defects,
fascinating, thrilling thing; shortcomings the simplest,
(maar) we got caught in the rain; easiest approach; easy to handle
( bi-nirihi) to help s.o., stand by or to use; see wao aada (middle of
paragraph)
 muada objection, exception; turn, she in turn, I also;
censure, blame ( ! muadata) ( in knat) otherwise;
pardon me! no offense, I hope! from time to time; ( sana)
mad taken, seized; taken by from year to year; ( fatra)
surprise, caught, trapped; surprised; taken once in a while, from time to time;
( awinatan) sometimes --
( with), fascinated ( by); in
sometimes, at times -- at times
force, valid
al-ur the hereafter
madt receipts, takings,
returns (com.) uraw of or relating to the life to
come or the hereafter
II to delay, put off, defer, postpone,
adjourn ( s.th.); to hinder, impede, ar last; latest; rearmost; the
obstruct, hold up ( s.o., s.th.), slow second of two; eventually, finally, in
down, retard ( s.th.); to draw out, delay ( the end, after all, at last; recently, the
s.th. beyond its appointed time); to put other day; the formerthe
back ( , s.o., s.th.), shelve ( s.th.); to latter last but not least
set back ( a watch, a clock); to suspend, mir palm which retains its fruit
discharge, dismiss, remove ( s.o. from an into the winter
office) V to be late; to be delayed, fall or
lag behind (), tarry, linger, hesitate; to tar delay, deferment,
default ( on), be behindhand, be in postponement; obstruction, retardation;
arrears ( with), be behind ( in); to putting back, temporary shelving
hesitate ( with); to be suspended (from .f taaar delay, lag, retardation;
service), be discharged, be dismissed hesitation, tarrying, lingering; slowness,
after that, he did not tardiness; backwardness,
hesitate long before he , presently, he ... underdevelopment (of a country)
ir pl. -n, -t, awair2 last, muaar rear part, tail, end; atern
ultimate, utmost, extreme; end, close, (of a ship); remainder, balance (of a sum,
conclusion; foot, bottom (of a paper); to be paid later); muaaran
and the hereafter recently, lately, the other day; at last,
the abode in the hereafter, the everlasting finally, eventually
abode; il kirih and so forth, et
cetera; ir l-amri eventually, muaara rear, rear guard (of an
finally, in the end, after all; ir army); rear positions or lines (mil.); stern
d-dahri forever; a. az-zamn (of a ship)
time at which the Day of Judgment is to mutaair delayed, belated, late;
be expected, the end of the world; occurring later ( than); behind,
to the last, down to the grass roots, behindhand in arrears; backward,
entirely, completely, e.g., underdeveloped; lagging, staying behind;
(dummira) to be completely destroyed, be defaulter; the later, or modern,
wiped off the map; from behind, authors, writers, or the like (as opposed to
from the rear; endless, infinite; ( arrears, balance of a
after all, last of all; a. um remaining due after previous
a-ahr the end of the month, the last ten payment ( buldn) the
days of the month; last but underdeveloped countries
not least
uub octopus
al-ira the hereafter
III to fraternize, associate as brothers (
ar 2, f. ur, pl. comm. with s.o.) V to act or show o.s. as a
uar 2 (and arn or brother or friend VI to fraternize,
respectively) another, one more, the associate as brothers
other ( marratan) once more;
he also, she also, he in
 a pl. iwa, iwn brother;
fellow man, neighbor; friend; pl.
specif., brethren or members of an order;
religious brotherhood of the
Wahabi sect, militant in character,
established by Ibn Sad in 1910
my dear friend! a tiqa
trustworthy, reliable; brother
through both father and mother, brother-
german
ut pl. aawt sister; (gram.)
cognate; counterpart the other (of
two), its mate, its counterpart (after a fem.
noun)
uwaiy little brother
aawi brotherly, fraternal
aawya brotherhood (as a
religious association)
i, uwa brotherhood, and refined tastes; man of letters, writer,
brotherliness, fraternity
iwa fraternization, fraternity,
brotherliness
tain fraternization
ar barn, stable
adda u i to befall, afflict ( a.o.)
amr idd a terrible, evil, horrible
thing
aduba u (adab) to be well-bred, well-
mannered, cultured, urbane, have refined
tastes; adaba i (adb) to invite (to a
party or banquet, s.o.), entertain ( s.o.)
( ma'duba) to arrange a banquet,
give a formal dinner II to refine, educate (
s.o.); to discipline, punish, ehastise ( s.o.)
IV to invite as a guest ( s.o.) V to receive
a fine education; to be well-bred, well-
educated, cultured, have refined tastes; to
show o.s. polite, courteous, civil, urbane;
to educate o.s., refine ones tastes ( by,
through); to let o.s. be guided ( by)
( bi-adabihi) to follow s.o.s moral
example
adab pl. dab culture,
refinement; good breeding, good manners,
social graces, decorum, decency,
propriety, seemliness; humanity,
humaneness; the humanities; belles-
lettres toilet, water closet;
and ill-mannered, ill-bred,
impolite, uncivil; ( mm)
popular literature; literati, men
of letters; kullyat al-. (= facult
des lettres) college of arts; rules, rules
of conduct, e.g., rules of
decorum, etiquette; decency, morals
adab moral, ethic(al); literary
moral obligation;
adabiyan wa-mddyan morally and
physically; ( falsafa) ethics,
moral science
adabyt lliterature, belles-lettres
adabna pl. -t toilet, water
closet
adb pl. udab cultured,
refined, educated; well.bred, well-
mannered, civil, urbane; a. man of culture
author
adba authoress, writer
maduba pl. madib banquet,
formal dinner
tadb education; discipline;
punishment, chastisement; disciplinary
punishment majlis at-t.
disciplinary board
ta'db disciplinary; punitive,
retaliatory ( qaya)
disciplinary action
taaddub good breeding, good
manners, civility, politeness,
courteousness, tact
dib host
muaddib pl. -n educator; teacher
in a Koranic school (Tun.); mu'addab
well-bred, well-mannered, civil, urbane
udra scrotal hernia
adirna2 Edirne, Adrianople (city in NW
Turkey)
( Fr. adriatique) al-adriytk and
bar al-a. the Adriatic Sea
1
adama i (adm) to take some additional
food ( with the bread), enrich ( the
bread) with some extra food or condiment
 idm anything eaten with bread;
shortening, fatty ingredient
2 reading (e.g., of a musical composition);
adam, adama skin
adm skin; surface; tanned skin,
leather a. al-ar the surface of
the earth
addm tanner
3
dam2 Adam human being
dam human; humane; poor,
inferior, meager; (pl. -n, ( awadim2)
human being
damya humaneness, humanity;
humanism
adh pl. adawt tool; instrument;
utensil, implement, device, appliance;
apparatus; (gram.) particle a. al-
ukm machinery of government;
definite article (gram.); since, as, in view of the fact that; for,
(tanfdya) executive agency; pl. materials,
equipment, gear, ( arbya) war 1
material; ( itiyya) stand- . (introducing a nominal clause the
by equipment (techn.);
(manzilya) household utensils, household
effects
al-adn (Hebr.) the Lord; Mr. ... (Isr.)
II to convey, take, bring, lead, steer,
channel ( s.o., s.th., to), see that
s.o. or s.th. ( or )gets to ( ;)to
bring about, cause, effect, produce (
s.th.); to lead, contribute, be conducive (
to a result); to amount, come
practically ( to); to tend ( to), aim (
at); to carry out, execute, discharge (
s.th.); to perform ( a ritual, etc.); to do (
wjibah ones duty); to fulfill (
a function, a mission); to accomplish
( a task); to take ( an oath; (rooster) IV to announce, make known (
an examination); to render ( idmatan
a service, or to s.o.; e.g., a
meaning, a musical composition, etc.)
(salm) to greet, salute V to lead, be
conducive, contribute ( to results); to be
carried out, be performed, be
accomplished; to 10 arrive ( at), be lead
( to) X to demand, claim ( from s.o.
s.th.)
ad pl. -t (as verbal noun of II)
rendering (of a service); pursuit,
performance, execution, discharge (of a
duty), realization, effectuation,
accomplishment (of a task); rendition,
fulfillment; payment usn al-a.
good rendition (of a work of art, of a
musical composition)
tadiya rendering (of a service);
pursuit, performance, execution, discharge
(of a duty), realization effectuation;
accomplishment (of a task); fulfillment;
payment
muaddan assignment, task,
function; sense, meaning, signification,
import, underlying idea
id 1. (introducing a verbal clause) (and)
then; id dka (also written )then,
at that time, at the same time, in doing so;
2. (conj.; temp. and caus.) as, when; since,
as, the more so as, because; id anna
because
subject of which may he expressed by
with foll. genit.) and then, and all of a
sudden; (with noun in nominative case or
with )there was and all of a sudden
there was ; 2. (conj.) when; if,
whenever; whether, if (introducing
indirect questions); when, whenever;
( ill) unless if not; except when
2
) )idan then, therefore, in that case,
hence, consequently
dr2 March (month; Syr., Leb., Jord., Ir.)
1
adina a to listen ( to s.o..); to allow,
permit ( s.o. s.th.); to hear, learn ( of
s.th.), be informed ( about) II to call (
to), esp. to call to prayer ( ;)to crow
s.th., to s.o. s.th.), inform, notify (
s.o.); to call to prayer; to call upon s.o. (),
urge, admonish, exhort ( s.o..) to do s.th. (
;)to herald ( or s.th.); to foreshadow
( s.th.); to be on the verge ( of doing
s.th..) ( ) )zawl) to show
signs of the imminent downfall (end);
( lailu bi-ntif) it was close to
midnight V to herald, announce ( s.th.)
X to ask permission ( to do s.th., rarely
;)to ask permission to enter ( s.o.'s
house), have o.s. announced ( to s.o.);
 to take leave ( of s.o.), say good-by (
to)
idn permission, authorization;
if God choose, God willing; (pl.
udn, udnt) (postal) order
pl. postal money order; desire, need ( of s.th.); purpose. aim,
do.
udun, udn pl. dan ear; handle
(of a cup) ( wus) (mazzaqah) to tear s.th. to pieces or to
middle-ear infection, otitis media (med.)
adn call to prayer
udaina little ear; ear lobe
madana, midana pl.
madin2 minaret
idn declaration, proclamation,
announcement ( of s.th..)
indicating that the conversation is
(was) ended
madun authorized; slave with
limited legal rights (Isl. Law); =
( ar) official authorized by the
cadi to perform civil marriages (Isl. Law)
madnya leave, furlough (mil.
Syr.); license, franchise (Syr.)
muaddin muezzin, announcer of
the hour of prayer
2
idan see
adiya a to suffer damage, be harmed IV to
hs.rm, hurt, wrong ( s.o.); to molest,
annoy, irritate, trouble ( s.o.) l
yud innocuous, harmless, inoffensive V
to suffer damage, be wronged; to feel
offended, be hurt
adan, adh, adya damage,
harm; injury; trouble, annoyance,
grievance, wrong, offense, insult
idya damage, harm, harmfulness,
noxiousness
d harm, damage, prejudice;
offense,. hurt; grievance, nuisance
mudin hurtful, harmful, injurious,
detrimental, prejudicial; annoying,
irksome, troublesome; painful, hurting,
offensive, insulting
artq and pl. artiqa a
heretic (Chr.)
rm Aramaean; Aramaic
ariba a (arab) to be skillful, proficient (
in s.th.); -- araba i to tighten ( a knot) III
to try to outwit ( s.o.)
arab pl. rb wish ( for),
goal, end
irb pl. rb limb
shreds
irba skill, resourcefulness,
cleverness, smartness
urba pl. urab knot, bow
arb skillful, resourceful, clever,
intelligent
marab pl. marib2 wish,
desire; object of desire, purpose, aim,
goal, end
arbl Erbil (the ancient Arbela, city in N
Iraq)
artuwaz artesian (well)
1
II to sow dissension ( between, among)
2
irt inheritance, heritage; estate (of
inheritance)
urtduks orthodox; the
Orthodox Church
ar=rm al-urtduks the
Greek Orthodox Church
arija a (araj, arj) to be fragrant V do.
araj fragrance, sweet smell
arij fragrant, sweet-smelling
arj fragrance, sweet smell
II taarjaa to rock, swing
muta'arji fluctuating
al-arjantn Argentina
urjuwn purple
urjuwn purple(-colored)
popular spelling (eg.) of aragz
(q.v.); Punch (in a Punch and Judy show)
II to date ( a letter, and the like, with a
date); to write the history of s.th. ()
 ta'r dating (of a letter, etc.); ta'r
pl. tawr2 date; time; history;
chronicle, annals t. al-ayh
biography; curriculum vitae;
(mm) world history; the
historians
tr historic(al)
mu'arri pl. -n historiographer,
historian, chronicler, annalist; -- muarra
dated
arabl archipelago
( ) pl. arina archon, pl.
notables (Chr.-Copt.)
irdabb (now usually pronounced
ardabb)pl. ardib2 ardeb, a dry
measure (Eg.; = 1981)
irdabba cesspool
al-urdunn Jordan (river and country)
urdunni Jordanian
al-mamlaka al-u. al-himya the
Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (official
designation)
( Fr. ardoise) arduwz slate
1
arz (n. un. )cedar
2
aruzz rice
arasa i (ars) to till the land
irrs and ars peasant, farmer
aristuqr aristocratic; ristocrat
aristuqrya aristocracy
aris Aristotle
ar indemnity, amercement, fine, penalty;
blood money (for the shedding of blood;
Isl. Law)
( Gr. ) archbishop antelopes
( Fr. archiduc) archduke, al-arman the Armenians
archduchess
ar f., pl. arn, arn
earth; land, country, region, area; terrain,
ground, soil ( sufl) the al-arnwu the Albanians
nether world; ( muqaddasa)
the Holy Land, Palestine
ar terrestrial, of the earth; soil-,
land- (in compounds); situated on or near
the ground, ground (adj.); earthly;
underground, subterranean
ar auk artichoke
ara (coll.; n. un. )termite;
woodworm
arya pl. -t floor; ground (also, e.g., of
a printed fabric, of a painting); ground
floor, first floor (tun.); storage, warehouse
charges
arurum2 Erzurum (city in NE Turkey)
( also )ura pl. ura ()
battalion (formerly, Eg.; mil.)
araqa pl. -t heresy (Chr.)
see
urgun pl. aragin2 organ (mus. instr.)
urgl, argl a wind instrument (related to
the clarinet, consisting of two pipes of
unequal length)
ariqa a to find no sleep II to make
sleepless ( s.o.), prevent s.o. ( )from
sleeping
araq sleeplessness, insomnia
arika pl. arik2 couch, sofa; throne
argla pl. argl2 (syr.) water pipe,
narghile
irland Irish
1
arama i to bite
urram molar teeth
(arraqa) to gnash one's teeth (in anger)
arma, urma root, origin; stump
of a tree
mi'ram root (of a tooth)
2
rm (= )pl. of ri'm) white
arman Armenian (adj. and n.)
armniy Armenia
arnwu Albanian
arnab f., pl. arnib2 hare; rabbit
( hind) guinea pig
 arnaba female hare, doe azaqa i (azq) to be narrow V do.
a. al-anf tip of the nose; nose, muzzle (of
ma'ziq pl. maziq2 narrow
an animal) passageway, narrow pass, strait, bottle-
( Turk. rnek) urnk pl. arnk2 neck; predicament, fix, dilemma, critical
pattern, model; form, blank situation, also ( arij)
urubb Europe azl pl. zl eternity (without
beginning), sempiternity
urubb European (adj. and n.)
1 azali eternal, sempiternal
ary honey
2 azalya sempiternity, eternity
r Aryan
V to be or become critical, come to a head
rya Aryanism
(situation, relations)
ar Jericho
azma pl. azamt emergency; crisis
azza u i ( aziz) to simmer; to hum, buzz; ( wizriya) cabinet crisis
to whiz, hiss; to fizzle; to wheeze
ta'azzum: t. al-hla critical
azz hum(ming), buzz(ing); development, aggravation of the situation
whizzing, whizz, whistle (e.g., of bullets)
ma'zm victim of a crisis
1
azaba i (azb) to flow, run (water)
izmr2 Izmir (formerly Smyrna, sea-port
2
mi'zb pl. ma'zb and in W Turkey)
mzb pl. mayzb2 drain; gutter,
izml pl. azml 2 chisel
eaves trough
2 ( Engl.) azt azote, nitrogen
izb dumpy, pudgy, stocky; small man
azt nitrogenous
al-uzbak the Uzbeks
III to be opposite s.th. (), face ( s.o.,
azara i (azr) to surround ( s.th.) II to
s.th.)
clothe ( s.o. with an izr q.v.); to
cover, wrap up ( s.o., s.th.); to iza (prep.) opposite, face to face
strengthen, brace ( s.o., s.th.) III to help with, facing; in front of; in the face of
( s.o.); to support, back up, strengthen ( (e.g., of a situation); as compared with;
s.o.) V and VIII to put on an izr (see bi-izi opposite, face to face with,
below), wrap s.o. in an izr VI to help facing; in front of; al izi in the
each other; to rally, unite, join forces face of (e.g., of a situation)
1
azr strength adda azrah or s myrtle
( min azrihi) to help, support, 2
pl. -t ace (playing card)
encourage s.o., back s.o. up; adda azruh
3
to be energetic, vigorous, lusty, II to found, establish, set up ( s.th.), lay
courageous the foundation ( for) V to be founded, be
established, he set up
izr m. and f., pl. uzur
loincloth; wrap, shawl; wrapper, covering, foundation, basis; exponent of a
cover power (math.)
mizar pl. mazr2 apron; ass pl. usus foundation (also,
wrapper, covering, cover of a building), fundament, groundwork,
ground, basis; keynote. Tonic (mus.)
muzara support, aid, ( with foll. genit.) on the basis of, on
assistance, backing
the strength of, on account of, according
tazur mutual assistance to; ( assa, ia)
azila a (awaf, uzf) to come, completely unfounded (news, rumor)
approach, draw near (a time) ass fundamental, basic;
elementary; essential; principal, chief,
 main( ajar) cornerstone, istanbl of Istanbul
foundation stone al-sitna, al-astna, al-istna
assyt fundamentals, Constantinople, Istanbul
principles istabraq brocade
ta'ss founding, foundation, istrtj strategic
establishment, setting up, institution;
grounding, laying of the substructure usturl Australian
(arch.); pl. -t facilities, utilities; usturly Australia
institutions
istarln sterling pound
ta'ss founding; foundational, sterling; minaqat al-i.
fundamental ( majlis) sterling area
constituent assembly
see
mu'assis founder
( It. stoppa) tow, oakum; cotton waste
muassasa pl. -t foundation,
establishment; firm (com.); institution; ( It.-Engl. studio) istdiy pl.
organization istdiyht studio; atelier
al-asbn, al-isbn the Spaniards istokholm Stockholm
isbn Spanish; (pl. -n) Spaniard ( Engl.) istniy Estonia
isbna spinach I istiytt steatite, soapstone (min.)
isbniy Spain look up alphabetically
isbidj and isbdj white lead, X to display the courage of a lion (
ceruse against)
( It. spirito) isbirto alcohol asad pl. usud, usd, usd, sd
lion; Leo (astron.) leontiasis
isbala epaulet (med.)
see 1 1
asara i (asr) to bind, fetter, shackle,
isttk static (el.) chain ( s.o.); to capture, take prisoner (
s.o.); to captivate, fascinate, hold
( Fr. stade) istd stadium spellbound ( s.o.), absorb, arrest ( the
ustd pl. astida master; teacher; attention) X to surrender, give s.o. up as
professor (academic title); form of address prisoner
to intellectuals (lawyers, journalists, asr (leather) strap, thong; capture;
officials, writers and poets); ledger captivity iddat al-a. vigor,
(com.) ( aam) Grand energy
Master (of a lodge); title of the
Rector of Al Azhar University; usra pl. usar, -t family;
(kurs; Eg.) and ( Syr.) full dynasty; clan, kinsfolk, relatives; -- asirra
professor; ( Syr.) associate see
professor; ( mutafarrig;Eg.) part- bi-asrih entirely, completely,
time professor (holding an office outside altogether, all of them came,
the university); ( musid) they came one and all
assistant professor (Eg.; Syr.);
(Eg.; Syr.) visiting professor; isr (leather) strap, thong; captivity;
(jadal) they are masters of disputation captivation, enthrallment to
be subjected to s.th., fall into the clutches
ustdya mastership; of s.th.
professorship, professorate
istanbl2 Istanbul, Constantinople
 asr pl. usar2, asr, )unfortunately; and
asr prisoner, captive, prisoner of bi-kulli asafin do.
war
asifa and asf regretful, sorry,
asra pl. -t female prisoner, slave sad, grieved, distressed
girl ta'assuf regret
sir winning, captivating, sif regretful, sorry, sad
fascinating; captor ( gaira sifin) I left him without regret,
masr captivated, fascinated, I was only too glad to leave him
enthralled ( by) masf alaihi mourned (esp.
2
asirra see of a dead person, = the late lamented)
3
look up alphabetically musif distressing, sad, regrettable
isrl2 Israel ban i. the mutaassif sad, sorry, regretful;
Israelites; daulat i. the State of !sorry!
Israel isfnk and isfna spinach
isrl Israelitish; Israelite; ( rm) garden orach (Atriplex
Israeli (adj, and n.); Judaica hortensis, bot.)
isrfl 2 Israfil, the angel who will sound asfalt asphalt
the trumpet on the day of Resurrection isfanj,isfunj sponge
usrub lead (metal) isfanj spongy; porous
isanbl2 Istanbul, Constantinople isfindn maple (bot.)
isabl pl. -t stable, barn isfdj; white lead, ceruse
( It. stoppa) usubba tow, oakum isfn pl. asfn2 wedge
asurlb astrolabe isqarb: ( mara)
isaqs pl. -t element scurvy (med.)
usuwna pl. -t column (arch.); usquf pl. asqifa, asqif2
cylinder (math.; of an engine); bishop archbishop
phonograph record; -- pl. asn2 usquf Episcopal
high-ranking, prominent personalities;
stars, celebrities, authorities, masters (e.g., usqufya episcopate, bishopric
of art: a. al-fann) usqumr, isqumr mackerel (zool.)
usuwn cylindric(al) isql an Oriental variety of sea onion
usra pl. asr legend, fable, (Scilla)
tale, myth, saga ( Engl.) isket sketch
usr fabulous, mythical, legendary iskotland Scotland
2
usl pl. asl fleet; squadron iskotland Scottish, Scotch
us (colloq. for )pl. iskila pl. askil2 seaport,
usawt master; foreman, overseer; also commercial center (in the East)
form of address to those in lower callings,
e.g., to a cab driver, coachman, etc. iskamla stool, footstool
asifa a (asaf) to regret ( or s.th.), feel iskandarna2 Iskenderon (formerly
sorry ( for), be sad ( about) V do Alexandretta, seaport in S Turkey)
asaf grief, sorrow, chagrin, regret al-iskandarya Alexandria (city in N
!w asafh! Oh, what a pity! it's too Egypt)
bad! wa-y lal-asafi (or only iskandinfya Scandinavia
 II to sharpen, point, taper ( s.th.) iswr, uswr pl. aswir2,
aswira bracelet, bangle
asal (coll.) rush (bot.)
aswn Aswan (city in S Egypt)
asaIa pl. -t thorn, spike, prong;
point (also, e.g., of a pen = nib); tip of the asj Sweden
tongue asj Swedish
al-urf al-asalya the see
letters and
siy Asia ( ugr) Asia
asl smooth ( add) smooth Minor
cheek
siyaw Asiatic, Asian (adj. and
asla eliptic, oval form n.)
muassal pointed, tapered asyt2 Asyt (city in central Egypt)
( variant of )islmbl of V to be mixed, heterogeneous, motley (a
Istanbul crowd)
island Iceland uba pl. aib2 mixed,
1
see motley crowd
asmanjn sky-blue, azure, cerulean ibliya2 Seville (city in SW Spain)
asmara Asmara (capital of Eritrea) ibn pl. see
asmant, ismant cement aara u (ar) to sow ( s.th.); -- i to file,
asmant cement (adj.) sharpen with a file ( s.th.) II to mark,
indicate, state, enter, record ( s.th.); to
asana i u and asina a to become brackish grant a visa; to provide with a visa (
(water) s.th.)
sin brackish aar liveliness, high spirits,
( and ( as u (asw, asan) to nurse, exuberance; wildness; insolence,
treat ( a wound); to make peace ( impertinence
between, among); -- asiya ( air lively, sprightly, in high spirits,
asan) to be sad, grieved, distressed II to exuberant; wild; insolent, impertinent,
console, comfort ( s.o.); to nurse ( a arrogant
patient) III to share (ones worldly
minr pl. mawr2 saw
possessions, with s.o.), be charitable ( to
s.o.); to assist, support ( s.o.); to console, tar issuance of an official
comfort ( s.o.); to treat, cure ( s.th., endorsement; official endorsement; visa
medically) V to be consoled, find solace tara pl. -t visa t.
VI to share the worldly possessions; to murr or transit visa
assist one another, give mutual assistance
muair indicator, needle (of a
asan grief, sorrow, distress measuring instrument)
uswa, iswa example, model, muaar jagged, serrated; marked,
pattern uswatan bi following the designated ( by, with)
model or pattern of; along the lines of; in
the same manner as, just as, like if pl. afin awl, punch
mash pl. masin trogedy, unn potash; saltwort (Salsola kali; bot.)
drama una moss
tasiya consolation, comfort ar Assyria
muwsh (for mush) ar Assyrian (adj. and n.)
consolation; charity; beneficence
 a pl. u flowerpot ul in accordance with the
II to close, shut (a door, etc.) rules, conforming to prevailing principles;
traditional, usual; legist
ir pl. r covenant, compact,
contract; load, encumbrance, burden; sin; pl. ual2 of pure, noble
origin; original, authentic, genuine; pure;
pl. bonds, ties
proper, actual; firm, solid; sound,
ira pl. awir2 bond, tie (fig. e.g., reasonable, sensible; of strong,
a. al-wali bonds of unswerving character; steadfast; deep-
friendship); obligation, commitment rooted; native, indigenous
iabl pl. -t stable, barn the actual reason; of sound,
unerring judgment
ifahn2 Isfahan (city in W central Iran)
pl. l, ail2 time before
aula u ( aala) to be or become sunset, late afternoon
firmly rooted; to be firmly established; to
be of noble origin II to found ( s.th.), ala firmness, steadfastness,
give s.th. ( )a firm foundation, establish strength of character; nobility of descent,
the foundation or origin of ( )V to be or purity of origin; alatan immediately,
become firmly rooted, deep-rooted, directly, personally a. ar-ray
ingrained; to take root, be or become clarity and firmness of judgment;
firmly established; to derive one's origin ( judiciousness;
from) X to uproot, root out, extirpate, spontaneously, of one's own accord, in
exterminate, annihilate ( s.th.); to one's own name, personally, privately (as
remove ( an organ by a surgical opposed to (
operation) ( afatah) to alatan wa-niybatan directly and
eradicate s.th., eliminate s.th. radically indirectly

pl. root; trunk (of a tree); origin, tala pedigree, genealeogy

source; cause, reason; descent, lineage, taau1 deep-rootedness
stock (esp., one of a noble character);
istil extirpation,
foundation, fundament, basis; the origins!
extermination, (radical) elimination;
(e.g., of s book); pl. principles,
removal by surgery
fundamentals, rudiments, elements (e.g.,
of a science); rules; basic rules, principles, mutaail deep-rooted, deep-
axioms; real estate, landed property; assets seated; chronic (illness)
(fin.); -- alan originally, primarily; a the mooning bray of a camel
(with neg.) by no means, not at all, not in
1
the least originally, at first; aara i u (ar) and II to bend, curve (
u. al-fiqh the 4 foundations of Islamic s.th.)
jurisprudence, i.e., Koran, Sunna, qiys ir pl. -t, uur frame (also, of
(analogy) and ijm (consensus); eyeglasses); tire (of a wheel); hoop (of a
assets and liabilities; barrel, etc.)
(muafa) double-entry bookkeeping;
( asaba) properly, in ira rim, felly (of a wheel)
conformity with regulations ir framelike, hoop-shaped
original, primary, primal, initial; 2
see
genuine, authentic, pure; basic,
fundamental, principel, chief, main urugulla a variety of pigeon
( taman) cost price; arn =
(jiht) the cardinal points (of the
al-alantk, al-alanq the
compass); ( adad) cardinal
Atlantic
number; ( uw) regular member
alanq and alan Atlantic
 alas2 satin; (pl. alis2 atlas,
volume of geographical maps
alas Atlantic
alan Atlantic the a. al-bild the outlying portions of
Atlantic Pact
am sea turtle
ag, g pl. agawt aga, lord,
master, sir; eunuch, harem chamberlain
al-igrq, al-agriqa the Greeks
igrq Greek, Grecian (adj. and n.)
agustus August (month)
V to grumble, mutter in complaint (
about)
uff dirt (in the ears or under the
nails), earwax, cerumen
uff interj. expressing anger or
displeasure
afaf displeasure; grumbling,
grumble
al-ifranj the Franks, the Europeans
Europe
ifranj European
ifrans French; the French
language; the French
ifrz pl. afrz2 frieze; edge; curb;
sidewalk i. al-maaa
platform (of a railroad station);
molding (arch.)
afrq f. and ifrqiy, now usually
pronounced afrqiy f. Africa
( amlya) North Africa
ifrq, now usually pronounced
afrq African; (pl. -n, afriqa) an
African
firn bravo! well done!
ifsantn, ifsintn wormwood, absinthe
(Artemisia absinthium; bot.)
ifn pl. afn2 litany (Chr.)
al-afgn the Afghans; Afghanistan
afgnistn Afghanistan
afgn Afghan (adj. and n.)
ufq, ufuq pl. fq horizon; range of
vision, field of vision; pl. distant lands,
faraway countries, remote regions;
provinces, interior of the country (as
distinguished from the capital)
a. al-ar the remotest parts of the earth;
the country; uddad al-a.
foreigners, travelers
ufq horizontal
fq coming from a distant country
or region
affq wandering, roving, roaming;
tramp, vagabond
afaka i (afk) and afika a (ifk, afk, afak,
ufk) to lie, tell a lie
ifk and afka pl. afik2 lie,
untruth, falsehood
affak liar, lying
afala u i ( ufl) to go down, set (stars)
ufl setting (of stars)
fil transitory, passing
afln2 Plato
afan stupidity
afn and mafn stupid, foolish,
fatuous; fool
afand pl. -ya gentleman (when referring
to non-Europeans wearing Western clothes
and the tarboosh); (after the name) a title
of respect (eg.); !afandim! Sir! (eg.)
afandim? (I beg your) pardon? What did
you say? 20
( It. avvocato) avokt advocate, lawyer,
attorney representative of
the attorney general (= Fr. avocat gnral)
afyn opium al-a. laudanum
uqqa pl. -t oka, a weight, in Eg. = 1.24s
kg, in Syr. = 1.2s2 kg
see
uqhwn pl. aq daisy
aqrabdn composite medicament
ilm al-a. pharmaceutics,
pharmacology
aqrabdn pharmaceutic(al)
aq cottage cheese
iqld look up alphabetically
 aqlama to acclimate, acclimatize, adapt,
adjust II ta'aqlama to acclimatize (o.s.)
2
iqlm pl. aqiilim climate; area,
region; province, district; administrative
district (Eg.; = (; country,
provinces (as distinguished from the city)
iqlm climatic; regional, local;
territorial( miyh) territorial
waters
iqld pl. aqld2 key
iqldis Euclid
uqnm pl. aqnm2 hypostasis, divine
person within the Trinity (Chr.);
constitutive element
( Gr. ) iqna icon (Chr.)
uqyansiya Oceania
akkd Akkadian
akdmya academy
okctober October
II to assure ( s.o. of, that); to give
assurance ( s.o. of); to confirm ( s.th.
a view) V to be or become convinced,
convince o.s. ( s.th.); to reassure o.s.,
make sure ( of s.th.); to be sure ( of);
to be urgent, imperative, requisite
ta'kd pl. -t assurance;
confirmation; emphasis; most
certainly! of course!
taakkud assurance, reassurance
akd certain, sure; firm (resolve);
definite (desire); urgent, imperative
(need); akdan certainly! surely!
muakkad certain, definite, sure;
confirmed
muta'akkid convinced ( of)
1
akara i (akr) to plow, till, cultivate ( the
land)
akkr pl. -n, akara plowman
2
ukra pl. ukar ball (for playing)
ekzm eczema (med.)
aiat iks X-rays
extra
oksin oxygen
iksr elixir
akuff see
akala u (akl, makal) to eat ( s.th.); to
eat up, consume, swallow, devour, destroy
( s.th.); to eat, gnaw ( at), 21 eat away,
corrode, erode ( s.th.); to spend
unlawfully ( s.th.). enrich o.s. feather
one's nest ( with)
(dahru, ariba) to be old and worn out, be
timeworn; ( rib) to take usurious
interest; yalamu min
aina tukalu l-katif he knows how to
tackle the matter properly; ( j
lduh) his skin itched;
(an) to eat off a plate; ( aqqah)
to encroach upon s.o.s right II and IV to
give s.o. ( )s.th. ( )to eat, feed ( s.o.
s.th.) III to eat, dine ( with s.o.) V to be
devoured, be consumed; to be eaten away,
corrode, undergo corrosion; to become
old, worn, timeworn, full of cracks; to be
destroyed by corrosion VI = V
akl food; meal, repast; fodder, feed
gurfat al-a. dining room; (eg.)
a. al-bar land washed away by the
sea or the Nile (as opposed to )
ukul, ukl food; fruit to bear
fruit
akla pl. akalt meal, repast; -- ukla
bite, morsel
ukl prurigo, itch eruption
(med.)
akkl, akl, akl voracious,
gluttonous; hearty eater, gourmand,
glutton
makal pl. makil2 food, eats
taakkul wear; corrosion; erosion
(geol.)
takul wear; corrosion; erosion
(geol.)
itikl erosion (geol.)
kil eater
kila gangrenous sore
makl eatable, edible; pl. food,
foodstuffs, eatables, edibles
mukil table companion
 mutaakkil and mutakil (relative pronoun) he who, that which;
corroded; eroded; worn, timeworn; full of who, which, that bada l-
cracks; rusty, rust-eaten lutayy wa-llat after lengthy discussions,
after much ado
iklrs clergy (Chr.)
( Fr. Alsace) alzs2 Alsace (region of NE
iklrsya clericalism
France)
iklrik cleric(al)
II to belittle, disparage ( s.o.)
iklnk clinical 2
alf pl. ulf, lf thousand;
akama pl. -t, ikm, ukum, millennium( muallafa) or
km (coll. akam) hill; reef; heap, pile thousands and thousands;
( wara) something's aart al-u. tens of thousands;
fishy! there is more to it than meets the mit al-u. hundreds of thousands
eye
alf: ( d) millennial
ill pact, covenant; blood relationship, celebration, millenary
consanguinity 2
alif name of the letter from
1
a-l and a-m seea beginning to end, from A to Z;
2
al see 1 ( wa-yah) he knows it from A to Z;
3
ABC
all (= an l) lest, that ... not, in order 3
that ... not, so as not to alifa a (alf) to be acquainted, familiar,
4
conversant ( with s.th.); to be on
ill (= in l) unless if not; except, save; intimate terms ( with s.o.); to be or get
(after negation:) only, but, not until accustomed, used, habituated ( to); to
ill anna except that ..., yet, however, like ( s.th.), be fond of ( ;)to become
nevertheless (also introducing main tame II to accustom, habituate ( s.o. to
clauses); ill id unless, if not; except s.th.); to tame, domesticate ( an animal);
when; wa-ill (and if not =) otherwise, to form ( e,g., a committee, a
orelae; ill wa-huwa (with a government); to unite, join, combine, put
preceding negation) unless he ..., except together ( different things); to compile,
that he ... ; wa-m hiya ill an compose, write ( a book) V to be
(with following verb in perf.) it was not composed, be made up, consist ( of); to
long until ... ; presently, forthwith; be united, be combined VI to be attuned to
... wa-ma hiya ill an ... att no each other, be in tune, be in harmony; to
sooner had he ... than .... e.g..... harmonize ( with) VIII to be united, be
( hamma) he had no sooner made linked, be connected; to be on familiar,
his plan than he carried it out intimate terms ( with); to form a.
alaska Alaska coalition (pol.); to fit, uit ( s.th.), go
well, agree, harmonize ( with); to be
alay and lay pl. -t regiment 22 well-ordered, neat, tidy X to seek the
1
alaba u i (alb) to gather, join forces, rally intimacy, court the friendship ( of s.o.)
II to incite ( s.o. against) V to rally, ilf pl. ullf intimate; close
band together, plot, conspire ( against) friend, intimate, confidant; lover
2
jibal al-alb the Alps ulfa familiarity, intimacy;
al-albn the Albanians friendship, love, affection; union, concord,
harmony, congeniality
albniy Albania
alf familiar, intimate; tame,
abbreviation of il irih and so
domesticated (animal); friendly, amicable,
on, etc.
genial; (pl. alif2) intimate, close
allad f. allat, pl. m. alladna f. friend, associate, companion
allt, allawt, all
 alf familiar, intimate; tame,
domesticated (animal); attached, devoted,
faithful
ma'laf object of familiarity
talf formation (e.g., of a
government); union, junction,
combination ( of separate things);
literary work; composition, compilation,
writing (of a book, of an article); (pl.
talf2, )work, book, publication al-almn the Germans
taluf harmony; familiarity,
intimacy, mutual affection; comradeship,
camaraderie
Itilf concord, harmony;
agreement ( with); union; coalition,
entente (pol.)
Itilf coalition- (in II to deify ( s.o.), make a god of s.o. ( )V
compounds) coalition cabinet to become a deity, a godhead; to deify o.s.
malf familiar, accustomed; usual,
customary; custom, usage 23
muallif pl. -n author, writer; --
muallaf composed, consisting, made up (
of); written, compiled; (pl. -t) book,
publication; see also 1 alf
mutalif harmonious
alaqa i, (alq) to shine, radiate, flash, glitter,
glisten V and VIII do.
alaq brightness, brilliance
allq bright, shining, brilliant,
radiant; glittering, flashing, sparkling
taalluq glow, radiance, effulgence
mulaalliq bright, shining, brilliant,
radiant
elektrn electronic( aql) talh deification, apotheosis
electronic computer
2
alima a (alam) to be in pain, feel pain; to
suffer (y from s.th.) II and IV to cause
pain or suffering ( to s.o.), pain, ache,
hurt ( s.o.) V = I; to complain
alam pl. lm pain, ache,
suffering, agony( nafsnya) 1
mental agony; usb al-a. ( (al u to neglect or fail to do, not to
Passion Week (Chr.)
alm aching, sore; sad, grievous,
painful, excruciating; hurting
taallum sensation of pain, pain, ache
muallim aching, painful; sad,
grievous, distressing
mutaallim aching, painful; in pain,
suffering, deeply afflicted; tormented
2
il-m see
alms (al sometimes interpreted as
definite article) diamond
almn German; (pl. -n,
almn) a German
almniy Germany
almnya German character or
characteristics, Germanity
, ilh pl. liha god, deity,
godhead
ilaha pl. -t goddess
ilh divine, of God;
theological; al-ilhyt
theological, spiritual concerns
i1m al-i. theology
allh Allah, God (as the One and Only)
li-llh darruka exclamation of
admiration and praise, see
allhumma O God! ( ill)
unless, were it not that, except that, or at
best (after a negative statement);
(id) at least if or when; if only;
(naam) by God, yes! Most certainly!
ulhya divine power, divinity
lih (pagan) god
liha pl. -t goddess
lih divine
mutaallih divine, heavenly
etc., see
do ( s.th.), desist, refrain ( from
s.th.) ( jahdan)
he will go to
any length, he spares no effort, goes out of
his way for IV to swear he
promised himself that he ...
 l oath Omdurman (city in central Sudan,
1 opposite Khartoum); u. ar-ra's
( Fr. hallo) hello!
skull, brain; cerebral membrane,
alminy and aluminyom meninges; u. arba wa-
aluminum 24 arban centipede; u. amla(ta) this
l
il (prep.) to, toward; up to, as far as; till, world, the worldly pleasures; bi-u.
until; ( conj.) until( irih) l-ain or with ones own eyes;
and so forth, et cetera; besides, and the first sura of the
moreover, furthermore, in addition to that; Koran; u. al-qura Mecca;
till tomorrow! ( liq) good- also: the original text of the Book from
by! ilma (= ) up to where! how which Koranic revelation derives; the
far! till when! how long! uncontested portions of the Koran;
(ann) get away from me! away with you! u. al-waan capital, metropolis;
( jnibi d.) besides, moreover, the most important events;
in addition to that; moreover, matrix (typ.); the main
furthermore; ( gair d.) and the problems; the principal virtues
like; and the like, et cetera; umma pl. umam nation, people;
( ))wa-man) and other people like that; generation Mohammed's
( addressing the reader) now here you community, the Mohammedans;
have ... ; here is (are) ... ; following is ( muttaida) the United Nations
(are) ..., e.g., in the following,
umm maternal, motherly; illiterate
the reader will find what ... ;
uneducated; (pl. -n) an illiterate
( uslb ibrn) a style of Hebrew
approximating Arabic; ummya ignorance; illiteracy; see
neither this way nor that way, belonging also under 2
to neither group; its up to you,
umam international
the decision is yours
2 umma motherhood; motherliness,
(pl. of ilan) benefits, blessings maternity
3
alya, ilya pl. alayt fat tail (of a sheep); amma (prep.) in front of; in the
buttock presence of( ammi) to the front,
iliyda Iliad forward, onward, ahead; ( ill
1
am or? (introducing the second member of an) he had no other alternative but to ... ;
an alternative question) ( waqafa) to oppose, resist, stop,
check s.th.
2
ama pl. im, amawt bondmaid,
amm front, fore-, anterior,
slave girl
forward, foremost( nuqa)
3
amma u (amm) to go, betake o.s., repair ( outpost 25
to a place), go to see ( s.o.); -- (
imm pl. aimma imam, prayer
imma) to lead the way, lead by ones
leader; leader; master; plumb line
example ( s.i.); to lead ( s.o.) in prayer; --
( umma) to be or become a mother II imma imamah, function or office
to nationalize ( s.th.) V to go, betake o.s. of the prayer leader; imamate; leading
repair ( to a place), go to see ( s.o.) VIII position; precedence
to follow the example ( of s.o.) tamm pl. -t nationalization
umm pl. ummaht mother; source, 1
a-m seea
origin; basis, foundation; original, original
2
version (of a book); the gist, essence of amm (with foll . fa) as to, as for, as far
s.th.; pl. matrix (typ.) u. al- as... is concerned; but; yet, however, on
ibr cuttlefish squid; u. al-asan the other hand( badu) (a formular
(magr.) nightingale; u. al-ull phrase linking introduction and actual
river mussel (zool.); u. durmn
 subject of a book or letter, approx.:) now beginning; ( amrin) for some
then , now to our topic: ... reason or other; isn't it so?
3 ( amm wa-l-amru) things being
imm if; -- be it -- or, either or
as they are, there will, no doubt, ...;
(also -- )
( min amrin) whatever may
imbrr emperor happen; however things may be;
imbrr imperialist(ic) he has two possibilities (or
alternatives); which (introducing
imbrtrya empire, a relative clause the antecedent of which
imperium; imperialism is another clause); qudiya
ambr pl. ambr2 ampere (el.) amruhu it's all over with him; in the latter
and similar phrases, is a frequent
imbiq = paraphrase of "he"
amt crookedness, curvedness, curvation, immar simple-minded, stupid
curvature; weakness
imra power, influence, authority,
amad pl. md end, terminus, command under his command
extremity; period, stretch or span of time,
time; distance for a long time amra pl. -t, amir2 sign,
(past); short-dated; of short token, indication, symptom, mark,
duration, short-lived; short-term characteristic 26
amara u (amr) to order, command, bid, imra position or rank of an emir;
instruct ( s.i. to do s.th.), commission, princely bearing or manners; principality,
charge, entrust ( s.o. with s.th. or to do emirate; authority, power i. al-
s.th.); -- amara, amura u ( imra) to bar office or jurisdiction of an admiral,
become an emir II to invest with authority, admiralty; ( i. s. ummn)
make an emir ( s.o., over) III to ask Trucial Oman
s.o. 's ( )advice, consult ( s.o.) V to come amr pl. umar commander;
to power; to set o.s. up as lord and master; prince, emir; title of princes of a ruling
to behave like an emir; to assume an house; tribal chief ( alay)
imperious attitude; to be imperious, commander of a regiment (formerly, Eg.;
domineering VI to take counsel, deliberate approx.: colonel; as a naval rank, approx.:
together, confer, consult with each other; captain); approx.: major general
to plot, conspire ( against) VIII to (Tun.); ( Eg. 1939) approx.:
deliberate, take counsel) ( about); to admiral, ( Eg. 1939)
conspire, plot, hatch a plot ( against approx.: fleet admiral; a. al-bar
s.o.) to carry out s.o.s orders admiral (when referring to a non-Arab
amr 1. pl. awmir2 order, officer of this rank; Eg. 1939 approx.:
command, instruction ( to do s.th.); vice-admiral); or
ordinance, decree; power, authority; fleet admiral (when referring to a
(gram.) imperative ( lin) royal non-Arab officer of this rank); a.
decree (formerly, Eg.); ( aly) al-liw (Ir., since 1933) brigadier;
decree, edict of the Bey (formerly, Tun.); a. l. al-assa commandant of the
ordinance having the force of law Bey's palace guard (formerly, Tun.);
(Tun.); ( wa-nnahy) pl. a. al-muminn Commander of the
( lit.: command and interdiction, Faithful, Caliph
i.e.) sovereign power; full power(s), amr pl. -t princess
supreme authority; ( delivery)
order (com.); at your disposal, at amr (and mr)
your service. -- 2. pl. umr matter, goverment(a1), state-owned, state,
affair, concern, business public ( ar) government land
(accomplished) fact; common (Syr.); government press
knowledge; at first, in the
 ammr constantly urging, always II taamraka to become Americanized,
demanding ( to do s.th.); inciting, adopt the American way of life, imitate
instigating ( nafs, s) the Americans
the baser self (of man) that incites to evil
taamruk Americanization
tamr soul, mind, spirit; amarillis amaryllis (bot.)
pericardium (anat.)
pericarditis (med.) amrk (formerly, also )America
( janbya) South America 27
mumara pl. -t deliberation,
counsel, conference; plot, conspiracy amrk American; (pl. -n) an
American
taammur imperiousness,
domineeringness; imperious deportment, al-amrkn the Americans
overbearing manners amrkn American; (pl. -n) an
tamur joint consultation, counsel, American
deliberation, conference; plot, conspiracy amsu (but acc. amsan) the day past,
itimr deliberation, counsel, yesterday; the immediate past, recent
conference; plot, conspiracy time; -- amsi (adv.) yesterday; recently,
lately, not long ago bi-l-amsi
istimra (frequently written yesterday; not long ago; a. l-
)form, blank awwal two days ago, the day before
mir commander; lord, master; yesterday
orderer, purchaser, customer, client
umsya pl. -t, amsy
absolute master, vested with
evening
unlimited authority
amstirdm Amsterdam
mamr commissioned, charged;
commissioner; civil officer, official, esp., amr the sixth month of the Coptic
one in executive capacity; the head of a calendar
markaz and qism (Eg.) imma and immaa characterless
commissioner of police; person; opportunist, timeserver
(taflsa) receiver (in bankruptcy; jur.);
m. al-araka traffic manager amala u (amal) to hope ( or for),
(railroad); m. al-tafya entertain hopes ( or of) II to hope; to
receiver (in equity, in bankruptcy; jur.) expect ( s.th. of s.o.); to raise hope. (
in s.o.), hold out hope. ( for s.o.), give (
mamrya pl. -t order, s.o.) reason to hope or expect
instruction; errand; task, assignment, (airan) to let s.o. hope for the best V to
mission; commission; commissioner's look attentively ( at), regard,
office, administrative branch of a contemplate ( s.th.); to meditate; to
government agency, e.g., consider, think over, ponder ( s.th.),
(qaya) judicial commission charged reflect ( on)
with jurisdiction in outlying communities
(Eg.) amal pl. ml hope, expectation
( of s.th., also ( fallacious
mutamirn, conspirators, hope
plotters
mamal pl. maamil2 hope
mutamirn conspirators,
plotters; members of a congress, taammul pl. -t consideration;
convention, or conference, conferees contemplation; pl. meditations
mutamar pl. -t conference; mil hopeful
convention, congress m. a- muammil hopeful
ul peace conference
maml hoped for, expected
 mutaammil contemplative,
meditative, reflective; pensive, wistful,
musing
amuna u ( amna) to be faithful,
reliable, trustworthy; -- amina a (amn,
amn) to be safe, feel safe ( or from)
II to reassure ( s.o.), set s.o.s ( )mind at
rest; to assure, ensure, safeguard,
guarantee, warrant, bear out, confirm,
corroborate ( s.th.); to insure (
against fire); to entrust ( to s.o.,
s.th.); to say "amen" ( to s.th.) IV to
believe ( in) VIII to trust ( s.o.), have
confidence, have faith ( in); to entrust (
s.o. with, to s.o s.th.) X = VIII; to ask
for protection, for a promise of security,
for indemnity ( s.o.)
amn safety; peace, security,
protection( mm) public safety;
the police
amn security, safety; peace;
shelter, protection; clemency, quarter
(mil.); safeguarding, assurance of
protection; indemnity, immunity from
punishment( a valedictory
phrase) in God's protection!
amn pl. uman2 reliable, 1
trustworthy, loyal, faithful, upright,
honest; safe, secure; authorized
representative or agent; trustee; guarantor
( of); chief, head; superintendent,
curator, custodian, guardian, keeper;
chamberlain; master of a guild (Tun.);
(mil.) approx.: quartermaster-sergeant
(Eg. 1939) ( awwal) Lord
Chamberlain (formerly, at the Eg. Court);
approx.: Chief Master of amrlya admiralty
Ceremonies (ibid.); a. al- 1
mazan warehouse superintendent; stock
clerk; a. sirr ad-daula and
a. as-sirr permanent secretary of
state (Sy,.); a. a-undq and
treasurer; cashier;
mayor (esp. Ir.); ( mm) secretary
general; a. al-maktab (formerly)
a subaltern rank in the Eg. navy (1939) 28
mn amen!
amna reliability, trustworthiness;
loyalty, faithfulness, fidelity, fealty;
integrity, honesty; confidence, trust, good
faith; deposition in trust; trusteeship; (pl.
-t) s.th. deposited in trust, a deposit, trust,
charge; secretariat a. a-
undq treasury department;
(mma) secretariat general;
mazan al-a. baggage checkroom
maman place of safety, safe place
tamn securing, protection;
assurance; safeguarding; reassurance;
ensuring; guaranty, warranty; security,
surety; insurance ( ijtim)
social security; ( idda) fire
insurance; ( ayh) life
insurance
iman faith, belief ( in)
Itimn trust, confidence; credit
istimn trust, confidence
min peaceful
mamn reliable, trustworthy
muamman alaihi insured
mumin believing, faithful; believer
mutaman entrusted ( with);
confidant; sequestrator (jur.)
omnibus omnibus, bus
amaw of or like a bondmaid or
handmaid
2
umaw Ommiad (adj.)
ban umayya the Ommiads
amb amoebae
amrl admiral
amrik, amrika America
an (conj.) that; -- in 1. (conj.) if; wa-in
although, even though, even if; be
it -- or (be it); ill (= ) look up
alphabetically 2. (particle) not, esp. in the
phrase in huwa ill (f. ) it
is nothing but, it is no more than
2
anna (conj.) that; bi-m annah since
he (it), because he (it); al annah
while he (it), whereas he (it); introducing
a main clause: however, yet; that is
to say, namely, to wit; -- inn
(intensifying particle introducing a
nominal clause) verily, truly (in most
cases not translated in English)
 innam but, but then; yet, however; rather,
on the contrary
3 al-untayn the testicles
anna i ( ann, tann) to groan,
moan ( at)
anna pl. -t moan, groan
wails and laments
ann plaintive sound, wail; groan,
moan(ing)
ana I
ann egotistic; egoistic(al), selfish
annya egoism, selfishness
al-anul Anatolia
annas pineapple
II to blame, censure, reprehend, upbraid (
s.o.)
tanb blame, censure, rebuke
( pronounced amb) Abba, a high
ecclesiastic title of the Coptic Church,
preceding the names of metropolitans,
bishops, patriarchs, and saints (< )
anbr pl. anbir2, anbr2 anisa a and anusa u (uns) to be
warehouse, storehouse, storeroom 29
( Turk. onba) onba a mil. rank:
corporal (formerly, Eg.);
approx.: private first class (Eg.)
see
inbq alembic
an-ta, f. anti thou, you (2nd pers. sing.); pl.
m. antum, f. antunna you (2nd
pers. pl. and polite form of address); dual
antum both of you
anta-d its you!
antkna museum
antka pl. -t (eg.) old, old-fashioned,
outmoded
antimn antimony
anuta u ( unta) to be or become
feminine, womanly, womanish,
effeminate II to make feminine; to
effeminate, make effeminate; to put into
the feminine form (gram.) V to become
feminine (also gram.)
unt pl. int, ant
feminine; female; a female (of animals);
untaw womanly, female, women's
(in compounds); effeminate, womanish
unta femininity, womanliness
tant the feminine, feminine form
(gram.)
muannat (gram.) feminine (adj.)
antrbljiy anthropology
injs (syr.) pear
( It. Inghilterra) ingilter England
al-inglz the English
inglz English; Englishman
injil pl. anajl2 gospel
injl evangelical; evangelist
injlya evangelical creed
al-andalus Spain
indnsiy Indonesia
companionable, sociable, nice, friendly,
genial; to like s.o.s company, like
to be together with s.o.; to be or get on
intimate terms ( or with s.o.); to be
used, accustomed, habituated ( to); to
perceive, notice, find ( a quality,
in s.o.); to sense, feel, make out, recognize
( s.th., in, at) ( li-adtih) to
like to listen to s.o. II to put at ease; to
tame III to be friendly, nice ( to s.o.); to
entertain, amuse ( s.o.) IV to keep s.o. ()
company; to entertain, delight, amuse (
s.o.); to perceive, discern, make out (with
the eyes; s.th.); to sense ( s.th.); to
find, see, notice, observe, e.g.,
he saw that be was duly qualified, that he
was a capable man V to become incarnate
(Son of God) X to be sociable,
companionable; to get on familiar terms,
become intimate; to become tame; to be
friendly, nice, kind ( to s.o.); to
accommodate o.s., accustom o.s., settle
down; to be familiar, familiarize o.s.,
acquaint o.s. ( or with); to inform
o.s., gather information ( ahout); to take
into consideration, take into account,
bring into play ( s.th.), draw upon s.th. (
 ;)to listen ( to s.th.), heed ( an
opinion)
uns sociability; intimacy,
familiarity, friendly atmosphere
uns: ( kab) talus, inner
anklebone (anat.)
ins (coll.) man, mankind, human
race
ins human; human being
ns (coll.) and uns people
nst mankind, humanity 30
ansy (pl.) people, human beings,
humans
ans close, intimate; close friend;
friendly, kind, affable, civil, polite,
courteous
insan man, human being
i. al-ain pupil (of the eye)
insna woman
insn human; humane;
humanitarian, philanthropist
insnya humanity, humaneness;
politeness, civility; mankind, the human
race
munasa intimacy, familiarity,
friendliness, geniality, cordiality;
sociability; conviviality
ns exhilaration; friendliness,
geniality; familiarity, intimacy, cordiality;
sociability
taannus incarnation (Chr.)
Itins social life, sociability
nisa pl. -t, awnis2 young
lady, miss
mans familiar, accustomed
mustanis tame
( Engl.) in inch
( It. acciuga) anga (eg.) anchovy
ankiya2 Antioch (ancient city in Syria;
now Antakya, in S Turkey)
onlj ontologic(al) (philos.)
anifa a (anaf) to disdain, scorn ( s.th.,
to do s.th.); to reject haughtily ( s.th.) X
to resume, renew, recommence ( s.th.);
(jur.) to appeal ( a sentence)
anf pl. nf, unf nose; spur (of a
mountain); pride ragma anfihi in
defiance of him, to spite him;
(anfah) to humiliate s.o., to put s.o.'s
nose out of joint; stuck-up,
haughty, proud
anf nasal
anafa pride; rejection; disdain ( of
s.th.)
anf proud, haughty, stuck-up,
supercilious, disdainful
istinf fresh start,
recommencement, renewal, resumption,
reopening (also, of a legal case); appeal
(jur.) ( qaddama) to appeal,
make an appeal (jur.)
istinf of appeal, appellate;
istinfyan by appeal
nif preceding, above
(dikr) preceding, above, above-mentioned;
nifan previously, above, in the
foregoing
mutanaf primordial, virginal
state; beginning
( Fr. Anvers) anvers Antwerp (city in N
Belgium)
influwanz influenza, grippe
aniqa a to be neat, trim, smart, spruce,
comely, pretty; to be happy ( about), be
delighted ( by) IV to please ( s.o.)
( aiu) he likes the thing V to apply
o.s. eagerly and meticulously ( to); to be
meticulous, fastidious, finical; to be chic,
elegant
anqa elegance
anq neat, trim, spruce, comely,
pretty; elegant, chic
anq Egyptian vulture (Neophron
perenopterus) aazz2
min baii l-a. (lit.: rarer than the eggs of a
vulture, i.e.) approx.: scarcer than hens
teeth (proverbially for s.th. rare)
taannuq elegance 31
 muanniq, mniq pretty,
comely, winsome, nice, pleasing
mutaanniq chic, elegant
anqara Ankara
anqals eel
nuk lead (metal)
inkir pl. -ya Janizary
( It. Inghilterra) ingilter,
ingiltera England
al-anglosaksn the Anglo-Saxons
al-anglosaksnya Anglo-
Saxondom
al-inglz the Engliah
inglz English; Englishman
ankals eel
al-anm and ( coll.) mankind, the
human race
unmdaj model, pattern; type, example;
sample, specimen
anamn anemone (bot.)
1
an i to mature, become ripe; to draw
near, approach, come (esp. time)
it is (high) time that he; esp. in negative
statements: a-lam ya'ni? isn't it
about time ...? V to act slowly, proceed
unhurriedly, bide one's time, be patient X
to take one's time, hesitate ( in, with); to
wait
anan pl. n (span of) time,
period ( laili) all night long;
na l-laili wa-arfa n-
nahr by day and by night
anh deliberateness; perseverance,
patience l al-a. long-
suffering, great patience; long-
suffering (adj.)
in pl. niya, awnin2 vessel,
container, receptacle a.. a-
am table utensils, dishes; mess kit
taannin slowness, deliberateness
mutaannin slow, unhurried,
deliberate
2
ann (interrog. part.) where ... from? why
is it that ... ? why? Where? (place and
direction); how? wherever; however
... (all) and why shouldn't he ... ?
ansn, aniseed
anmiy anemia pernicious
anemia (med.)
hi! han! (interj.) oh!
II to prepare, make ready, equip (
s.o., s.th. for) V to be ready, be prepared;
to prepare o.s., get ready; to equip s.o., be
equipped ( for)
uhba pl. uhab preparation,
preparedness, readiness, alertness;
equipment, outfit, gear u. al-
arb military equipment;
ready to set out; fully
prepared; on the alert (mil.); to
make one's preparations, get ready
ihb skin, hide
taahhub preparedness, readiness;
(pl. -t) preparation
mutaahhib ready, prepared
ahala u ( uhl) to take a wife, get
married; -- ahila a to be on familiar terms
( with); -- pas. uhila to be inhabited, be
populated (region, place) II to make fit or
suited, to fit, qualify ( s.o., s.th. for);
to make possible ( for s.o. s.th.),
enable ( s.o. to do s.th.), make
accessible ( to s.o. s.th.); to welcome (
s.o.) V to be or become fit, suited,
qualified ( for s.th.); to 32 take a wife; to
marry, get married X to deserve merit (
s.th.), be worthy ( of)
ahl pl. n, ahlin relatives,
folks, family; kin, kinfolk; wife; (with
foll. genit.) people, members, followers,
adherents, possessors, etc.; inhabitants;
deserving, worthy ( of s.th.); fit, suited,
qualified ( for); pl. the
natives, the native population a.
al-bait members (of the house, i.e.) of the
family; the Prophet's family; the
people living in the house; a. al-
irfa people of the trade; a. al-
ilf people pledged by oath, members of a
sworn confederacy; a. al-ibra
people of experience, experts;
a. al-safsata Sophists; a. as-sunna
 the adherents of the Sunna, the Sunnis; and ( It. opera) pr opera; opera
a. al-madar wa-l-wabar the house
resident population and the nomads; ( Fr.) prt operetta
a. al-wajha people of rank and
high social standing; ahlan wa- ( Fr. aot) August (month; mar.)
sahlan welcome! ahlan bika ( Fr. autobus) otobs autobus, bus
welcome to youl he is a
welcome guest in our house ( Fr.) otogrf pl. -t autograph
ahl domestic, family (adj.); oqr autocratic
native, resident; indigenous; home, ( Fr.) otomtk automatic
national national bank (Eg.);
( arb) civil war; ( Fr.) otombl automobile
(makama) indigenous court (Eg.); ( Fr.) tl pl. -t hotel
( qa) jurisdiction of indigenous
auj highest point, acme, pinnacle;
courts; ( intj) domestic
culmination, climax; apogee (astron.);
production; ( waqf) family wakf
peak (fig.; of power. of fame) 33
ahlya aptitude, fitness,
albumen, eggwhite
suitableness, competence; qualification
the civil rights; O n albumin
legally competent; legally ( ( da u (aud) to bend, flex, curve, crook (
incompetent, under tutelage s.th.); to burden, oppress, weigh down (
ahil and mahl inhabited, s.o.); -- awida a (awad) to bend; to
populated (region, place) be bent V to bend; to bow
muahhilt qualifications, auda burden, load
abilities, aptitudes awad: to provide for s.o.s needs,
mutaahhil married stand by s.o. in time of need;
(awadah) do.; to support s.o., furnish s.o.
mustahil worthy, deserving,
with the means of subsistence
meriting; entitled
uwr heat, blaze; thirst
ihllaj myrobalan, emblic (fruit of
Phyllanthus emblica L.; bot.); ellipse urubb Europe
(geom.) urubb Europesn
ihllaj elliptic(al) rualm2 Jerusalem
au or; (with foll. subj.) unless except that ) )= ura pl. ura battalion
1
( ( ba u (aub, auba, iyab) to (formerly, Eg.; mil.)
return; to catch, contract, suffer, uruguwy Uruguay
incur s.th., be in for s.th., be left with, get
ones share of ( It.) arkestr orchestra
min kulli aubin from all sides ( Turk. rnek) urnk pl. arnk2
or directions; ( aubin) do. sample, specimen; model, pattern; form,
blank
auba return
urubb, Europe
iyb return dahban
wa-iyaban there and back; back and forth, urubb Europesn
up and down uruguwy Uruguay
mab place to which one returns; II (eg.) to ridicule ( s.o.), make fun of
(used as verbal noun:) return s.o. ()
coming and going
iwazz (col1.; n. un.) goose, geese
2
look up alphabetically
 s myrtle; see also alphabetically (arbya) instrument of war;
motor, engine; calculating
usturliy Australia
machine; a. al-iyka power
( It.) austriy Austria loom; sewing machine;
Oslo radio; hoisting machine, crane,
derrick; pump; and
s see (musaina) heater;
ya pl. awin prayer, oration (photographic) camera; printing
(Copt.-Chr.) press; a. al-gasl washing machine;
incubator; receiver,
fa pl. -t harm, hurt, damage, ruin, bane, receiving set (radio); ( muqaira)
evil; epidemic, plague; plant epidemic distilling apparatus, still; and
maf stricken by an epidemic typewriter; a. lab al-
qimr slot machine; ( msqya)
( Engl.) ovirl overalls
musical instrument; alarm; siren
l
( ( qa u to bring s.o. ( )bad luck, horn (of an automobile);
cause discomfort or hardship ( to) II to (amm) (fig.) tool, creature, puppet
burden ( s.o.) with s.th. unpleasant,
l mechanic(al); mechanized;
troublesome or difficult
motorized; instrumental; organic
2
see ( mirat) motor plow;
3
uwaiqt (dimin. of )short times; (quwt) motorized troops;
good times (araka) a mechanical movement

oqiynus, oqiyns ocean lya mechanics

qya pl. -t ounce, a weight of varying lt pl. ltya (eg.) musician;

magnitude (Eg.: 37.44 g; Aleppo 320 g; singer
Jerusalem 240 g; Beirut 213.3 g) awwal2, f. l, pl. m. -n,
( Fr. occasion) okazyn clearing sale, awil2 first; foremost, most important,
special sale principal, chief, main; first part,
beginning; (with def. article also) earlier,
ukrnya Ukraine previous, former; see a1so under
( Fr. oxygne) oksin oxygen ( insn) primitive man;
physician-in-chief; , the
( ( la u (aul, mal) to return, revert ( forebears, forefathers, ancestors;
to); to go back, be attributed, be a. a-ahr the first ten days of a month,
attributable ( to), spring, derive ( beginning of a month; li-awwali
from); to lead, conduce, tend ( to), marratin or for the first time;
result eventually ( in); to come or go since its beginnings, from the
eventually ( to s.o.), pass into the hands very beginning; ( irih)
of ( ( the long and the short from beginning to end, from A to Z;
of it was that ... ; ( mafu) awwala l-amr at first, in the
he eventually got to the point where ... II beginning; each time the first
to interpret, explain ( s.th.) available; ( awwala) the moment
l family, relatives, kinsfolk, clan; when, just when; at the very outset of;
companions, partisans, people; mirage, ( atara) more than before
fatamorgana awwalan first, firstly, in the first
la pl. -t instrument, utensil; tool; place; at first, in the beginning
apparatus; device, implement, appliance; and by and by, gradually, one after
machine . al-iss sensory the other, one by one; and
organs; ( burya) steam engine; ( iran) first and I~st, altogether;
. al-jarr tractor; simply and solely, merely
(jahannamya) infernal machine;
 awwal prime, primary, primordial,
original, initial, first; elemental,
fundamental, basic, principal, chief, main;
elementary; primitive, pristine, primeval
( madrasa) elementary school,
grade school; ( mawdd) raw
materials; ( adad) prime number;
( ftra) pro forma invoice
awwalya pl. -t fundamental truth,
axiom; primary constituent, essential
component, element; precedence; priority
ayyil, iyyal, uyyal pl. ayil2 stag
iyla pl. -t province; regency
ailla title deed (jur.)
mal end; outcome, final issue,
upshot; result, consequence
at present and in the future
tawl pl. -t interpretation,
explanation
uli, ulika these;
those, pl. of the demonstr. pron. and
olimb Olympic the
Olympic games
olimbiyd Olympiad
ul (pl. of )owners, possessors, people
(with foll.genit.: of) u. l-amr
rulers, powerful leaders; u. l-
all wa-l-'aqd (lit.: masters of solving and
binding) do.; u. -an the
responsible people
1
uwm thirst
2
ohm (el.) 35
omnbs omnibus, bus
1
n time; al-na now and
at the same time, simultaneously;
( ara) from time to time;
( wa-ara) and sometimes,
at times, now and then: once in a while;
gradually, by and by, little by little;
-- (winatan) sometimes --
sometimes, at times -- at times;
qabla l-na before, previously, formerly;
li-l-na and att l-na until
now, hitherto, so far; bada l-na
from now on, henceforth, in the future;
min al-na fa-idan do.
naidin that day, at that time, then
nadka that day, at that time, then
aun calmness, serenity, gentleness
awn pl. wina time
prematurely; at the right time,
timely, seasonably, at the
wrong time, untimely, unseasonably;
from time to time;
(ur) and ( winatan, ur) at
times, sometimes; sometimes
sometimes, at times at times;
(fta) it is too late; ( na) the time
has come, it is time ( for, to do s.th.)
2
look up alphabetically
onba corporal, see
( ( ha u and II to moan, sigh V to moan,
sigh; to sigh with admiration ( over),
exclaim ah!
awwah (interj.) oh!
hi, han, awwhi oh!
ha pl. -t sigh, moan; pl. sighs
of admiration; rapturous exclamations
taawwuh moaning. sighing;
admiring exclamation; plaintive sound,
wail
aw i to seek refuge, seek shelter ( at a
place); to go ( to bed); to betake o.s.,
repair ( to a place); to shelter, house,
put up, lodge, accommodate, receive as a
guest ( s.o., s.th.) II to shelter, lodge,
put up, accommodate, receive as a guest (
s.o.) IV to seek shelter ( at a place), to
retire ( to a place); to betake o.s., repair
( to a place); to shelter, house, put up,
lodge, accommodate ( s.o.)
w accommodation, lodging,
housing, sheltering
mawan pl. mawin place of
refuge, retreat, shelter; abode; resting
place; dwelling, habitation
(lail) shelter for the night; doss house
ibn w pl. bant a.
jackal
1
ya, coll. y, pl. -t sign, token, mark;
miracle; wonder, marvel, prodigy; model,
exemplar, paragon, masterpiece ( of,
e.g., of organization, etc.); Koranic verse,
( y ad-dikr) the verses of the
 Koran; passage (in a book), utterance, ( Engl.) riyl aerial, antenna
saying, word; ( with foll. genit.) moat zs Isis
solemn assurances (of love, of gratitude)
2 ayisa a ( iys) to despair ( of s.th.)
ay that is (to say), i.e.; namely, to wit
3 iys despair
yes (with foll. yes indeed! Yes, by
God!) ( Fr. charp,) sash
4
ayy, f. ayya (with foll. genit. or suffix) ( ( a i to return, revert ( to s.th.); to
which? what? what kind of? Whoever, become ( s.th.)
whosoever; any, every, no matter what ... ; aian also, too, as well, likewise,
(with neg.) no; ayyum whatever, equally; again; in addition, besides,
whatsoever ayyan kna, moreover
ayyatan knat whoever he (or she) is, no
matter who he (or she) is; ayyu ly Italy
man kna whoever it may be, whosoever; l Italian; (pl. -n) an Italian
( ayyi lin) in any case, at any
36 rate, at all events, by all means; ( Gr. ) qna and qnya pl.
ayyu widin any one; inna -t icon (Chr.)
lah anan ayya anin it is of the aik (coll.; n. un. )thicket, jungle
greatest importance (lit.: it is of 1
and see
importance, and of what importance!);
2
ujiba bihi ayyama aill2 September (Syr., Leb., Ir., Jord.)
ijbin how much he admired him! he 3
ailla title deed (jur.)
admired him greatly;
aqbala alaihi ayyama iqblin he showed ( ( ma i: ( zaujatih) to lose
the greatest interest in it one's wife, become or be a widower,
( zaujiha) to lose ones husband,
iyy with nominal suffix to express the become or be a widow
accusative take care not to ..., be
careful not to ...; beware of ... aima, uym and taayyum
! ( dial. wayyk), ( wayyh) with widowhood
you, with him ayyim pl. ayim2, aym
see 2 widower, widow
II to back, support (, s.o., a claim, an aiwam2 see
aspiration, etc.); to confirm, corroborate, ayyum see 4 ayy
endorse ( news, a. judgment, etc.) V = 1
pass. of II ( ( na i to come, approach, draw near
(time) ( awn) the time has
tayd corroboration, confirmation, come: its time for him to ...
endorsement, backing, support
see
( Fr. Hydrogne) idron hydrogen
aina where? (= at or to what place?)
( qunbula) hydrogen bomb min aina where from? where?
1
air pl. uyr penis (= to what place?) how far we
2
still are from worlds separate us
ayyr2 May (Syr., Leb., Ir., Jord.) from ... (fig.); what is this
rn Iran, Persia compared with that! 37
rn Iranian, Persian; (pl. -n) a Persian, al-ainu the where; space (philos.)
an Iranian ainam wherever
irland Ireland ayyna when? (conj.) when
irland Irish; (pl. -n) Irishman 2
II to ionize ( s.th.) V to be ionized (el.)
 iyn pl. -t ion bbawya papacy
1
tayn ionization babaa to say papa (child)
2
mutaayyin ionized bubu root, source, origin; core, heart,
inmost part; pupil of the eye, also
hi, ha, hin (interj.) well! now then! All
b. al-ain
right!
bbil2 Babel, Babylon
ayyuh, with fem. also ayyatuh
(vocative particle) O ... ! bbil Babylonian
ayyb2 Job bbih the second month of the Coptic
calendar
al-ayybyn the Ayubites
bbj pl. bawbij2 slipper
aiwam2 see
1 bbr pl. -t, bawbr2 (=)
see 2
locomotive, engine; steamship, steamer
2
wn pl. -t recess-like sitting room with
a raised floor, usually opening on the main bbnaj camomile (bot.)
room or courtyard through an arcade; bati.ta batiste
estrade
batlj pathologic(al)
batljiy pathology
bdijn and baidinjn (coll.; n.
1
un. pl. -t eggplant, aubergine 38
abbreviation of chapter
1
1
br pl. -t bar; taproom
bi (prep.) in, at, on (place and time); with
2
(indicating connection, association, baara a to dig a well
attendance); with, through, by means of bi'r f., pl. br, bir well,
(designating instrumentality or agency, spring
also with pass. = by); for (= at the price
of); by (= to the amount of); by bura pl. buar center, seat
(introducing an oath) bi-l-lail at (by) (fig.); site; pit; abyss
night, bi-n-nahr during the ( Fr. parachute) brt parachute
daytime, by day; amlan bi-
brguwy Paraguay
arqin northeast; fa-bih wa-
nimat in that case its all right; it see
is not my intention to ... ; hd bi- ( Fr.) barkh parquet, parquetry floor
dka now we are even, we are quits;
( majih) an hour before his see
arrival; with frequently gives bra pl. -t para (coin)
causative meaning to a verb, e.g.,
( lit.: to rise with s.t., i.e.) to boost, brd saltpeter; gunpowder
further, promote s.th.; to cause brda pl. bawrd2 rifle,
s.o. to arrive at, lead s.o. to; for its use as carbine
copula after negations, etc., see grammar;
bi-l without; bi-m anna in view brs2 Paris
of the fact that; since, as, inasmuch as, brs Parisian
because; bi-m fhi including
bz pl. bzn and baz pl.
b name of the letter buz, bizn falcon
bb pl. bbawt, pope; papa, bzr pl. t bazaar
father, daddy
bzalt basalt
bbaw, papal
bzband bracelet

bausa u ( bas) to be strong, brave,
intrepid; -- baisa a ( bus) to be
miserable, wretched VI to feign misery or
distress VIII to be sad, worried, grieved
bisa r-rajulu what an evil
man!
bas strength, fortitude, courage,
intrepidity (as verbal noun of
bausa); harm, hurt, injury, impairment,
detriment, wrong courageous, ( Fr.) blh ballet
brave, intrepid; ( basa) there is no
objection to it; unobjectionable; not bad,
rather important, considerable, e.g.,
( kammyt) considerable
quantities; ( ba'sa) never mind! it
doesn't matter! it's all right! it
doesn't matter that ... ; ayyu
ba'sin? what does it matter! what of it!
( basun) he will be none the
worse for ... ; ( basa) it won't do
you any harm! don't worry! don't be afraid
bantu bi's calamities,
adversities, misfortunes
bus, bas, bus and
bus pl. abus misery,
wretchedness, suffering, distress
bas pl. buas2 miserable,
wretched
bis miserable, wretched
( Fr.) bast1 pastel
bsl bacilli
b senior, chief (in compounds)
bacw and approx.: ( s.th.), decide ( s.th., on s.th.) II to
master sergeant (formerly, Eg.)
bakm physician-in-chief
brayyis a naval rank, approx.:
petty officer 3rd class (Eg.)
bktib chief clerk
bmuft chief mufti (Tun.)
bammufatti chief inspector
bmuhandis chief engineer
b pl. bawt ( )pasha batta pl. -t adjudication, award;
baq, biq pl. bawiq2 sparrow
hawk
al-bqird the Bashkirs
see
( Engl.) b pl. -t bus, autobus
btn concrete, bton 39
bg celluloid; tortoise shell
al-bkistn Pakistan
bkistn Pakistani (adj. and n.)
1
bl whale (zool.)
2
bala pl. -t bundle, bale
bal pl. balowt, balt
overcoat; paletot
( It. ballo ball, dance
bln) balloon
juzur al-bliyr the Balearic Islands
and bmiya gumbo, okra (Hibiscus
esculentus L., bot., a popular vegetable in
Egypt)
see
a bnrmya (= Fr. cran
panoramique) cinemascope screen
bana the tenth month of the Coptic
calendar
by, f. bya pl. -t formerly, in Tunisia,
a title after the names of the members of
the Bey's family
dr al-by (formerly) the
Tunisian government
babr pl. bubr tiger
babg2 (and babbay2) pl.
babgwt parrot
batta u i (batt) to cut off, sever ( s.th.); to
complete, finish, achieve, accomplish,
carry out ( s.th.); to fix, settle, determine
adjudge, adjudicate, award ( s.th.) VII to
be cut off; to be finished, be done; to be
decided it's all over
between him and them, they are through
with each other
batt settlement, decision; battan
definitely, once and for all
final decision; al-battata and
battatan definitely, positively, decidedly,
esp. with negations: absolutely not,
definitely not
batt definite, definitive
battiya, bittya pl. batty barrel;
tub
 battan decidedly, definitely,
positively, categorically, unquestionably,
absolutely
tabtt adjudication, award
btt definite, definitive
(man) categorical interdiction
1
batara u (batr) to cut off, sever ( s.th.);
to amputate ( s.th.); to mutilate, render
fragmentarily ( a text) VII to be cut off,
be severed, be amputated
batr cutting off, severance,
separation; amputation
abtar2 curtailed, docked, clipped,
trimmed; imperfect, defective,
incomplete; without offspring
battr cutting, sharp
btir cutting, sharp
mabtr broken, abrupt,
unconnected; fragmentary, incomplete
2 2 2
bitr , batr Petra (ancient city of
Edomites and Nabataeans; ruins now in
SW Jordan)
batrak patriarch
batrl, bitrl petroleum
2 2
abta an assonant intensifier of ajma
all, altogether, whole, entire
bti strong; full, whole, entire 40
II to cut off ( s.th.)
1
batala i u (batl) and II to cut off, sever (
s.th.); to make final, close, settle, make
conclusive, clinch ( s.th.) V to retire
from the world and devote one's life to
God ( ;) to be pious, chaste and self-
denying; to live in chastity VII to be cut
off, be curtailed, be docked
batl virgin; the Virgin Mary
batl virginal
batlya virginity
mutabattil an ascetic, a. recluse; a
pious, godly man
2
batl birch tree
batta (batt) to spread, unroll, unfold (
s.th., e.g., a rug); to scatter, disperse (
s.th.); to disseminate, propagate, spread (
s.th., e.g., a spirit, an ideology, a
doctrine); to sprinkle ( s.th. on); to let
s.o. (, also )in on s.th. (, esp. on a
secret); to broadcast, transmit by radio
to peer around; to plant,
or lay, mines IV to let ( s.o.) in on a
secret ( )VII to be spread; to be scattered
batta spreading, dissemina.tion,
propagation; grief, sorrow
batara i (batira a) and V to break out with
pimples or pustules (skin)
batr pl. butr (n. un. batra
pl. batart) pimples, pustules
batir, batr pustulate, pimpled
bataqa i u (with an-nahra) to open
flood gates so that the river will overflow
its banks VII to break forth, burst out, well
out, pour out, gush out; to emanate,
proceed, spring ( or from)
outpouring, effusion, outpour, outburst;
emanation
bajia a (baja) to rejoice ( at) V to
vaunt, flaunt ( s.th.), boast, brag ( of)
tabajjuj bragging, braggery
mutabajjij braggart
bajda, bujda root, source. heart, essence,
basis the heart of the matter, the
actual state of affairs, the true facts;
( ibn bujdatih) he knows the job
from the ground up, he is the right man for
it
abiar2 obese, corpulent
bajasa u i (bajs) and II to open a passage
(for the water), cause (the water) to flow
V and VII to flow freely, pour forth
copiously, gush out
bajs, bajs flowing freely,
streaming
baja (n. un. )pelican
II to honor, revere, venerate, treat with
deference ( s.o.), show respect ( to s.o.);
to give precedence ( or to s.o. or
s.th. over) V to be honored, be revered, be
venerated
bajal syphilis (ir.)
 tabjl veneration, reverence;
deference, respect
mubajjal revered, respected;
venerable
bajama i (bajm, bujm) to be
speechless, dumfounded
II to clinch ( a nail)
baa a (ba, baa, bu,
ba, bua, baa) to be
or become hoarse, be raucous, husky,
harsh (voice) II and IV to make hoarse (
s.o.)
bua hoarseness
aba2 hoarse
mab hoarse 41
II tababaa to be prosperous, live in
easy circumstances; to enjoy o.s. have a
good time
bab gay, merry
buba middle; life of ease and
comfort, prosperity, affluence
amidst
mubaba well-to-do, prosperous;
enjoying an easy, comfortable life
bat pure, unmixed, sheer; exclusive, also
; baan merely, solely,
purely, exclusively, nothing but ...
butur stocky, pudgy, thickset
butur stocky, pudgy, thickset
baata a (bat) to look, search ( or
for s.th.), seek ( or s.th.); to do
research; to investigate, examine, study,
explore ( or s.th., less frequently with
or ), look into ( or ;)to discuss (
a subject, a question) III to discuss (
with s.o., a question) VI to have a
discussion, discuss together; to confer,
have a talk ( with s.o., about)
bat pl. but, abt the Nile
search ( for), quest ( of);
examination, study; research;
investigation, exploration; discussion;
treatise; (pl. )study, scientific report (
on)
bat scholar, research worker
bata eminent scholar
mabt pl. mabit subject,
theme, field of investigation or discussion,
object of research; research, study,
examination; investigation
mubata pl. -t negotiation,
parley, conference, talk, discussion
bit pl. -n and but
scholar, research worker; examiner,
investigator
batara to disperse, scatter ( s.th.); to
waste, squander, dissipate ( s.th.) II
tabatara pass. of I
batara waste, dissipation
mubatir squanderer, wastrel, spendthrift
1
baira a to be startled, be bewildered
(with fright)
1
II to travel by sea, make a voyage IV do.;
to embark, go on board; to put to sea, set
sail, sail, depart (ship); to go downstream,
be sea-bound (ship on the Nile) V to
penetrate deeply, delve ( into); to study
thoroughly ( a subject) X = V
bar pl. bir, , bur,
abr, abur sea; large river; a noble.,
or great, man (whose magnanimity or
knowledge is comparable to the vastness
of the sea); meter (poet.) in the
course of, during, ( sanatain) in
the course of two years, within two years;
( abya, mutawassi) the
Mediterranean (sometimes shortened to
(; b. al-balq the
Baltic Sea; b. al-janb the South
Seas; the Red Sea (also
b. al-qulzum); b. al-azar the
Caspian Sea (also (
b. ar-rm the Mediterranean;
(aswad) the Black Sea; b. a-
ulumt the tlantic; b. l and
( mayyit) the Dead Sea; ( eg.)
al-barain the Bahrein Islands
barn of the Bahrein Islands;
al-barina the inhabitants of the
Bahrein Islands
bar sea (adj.), marine; maritime;
nautical; naval; navigational; (in Eg.)
 northern, barya (with foll. genit.) north
42 of; (pl. -n, )sailor, seaman, mariner
approx.: seaman apprentice
(Eg.); ( qwt) the naval
forces; ( nabtt) marine flora,
water plants
barya navy
bara pond, pool
bar pl. -n, bara balfira pl. bawir2 steamer,
seaman, mariner, sailor; pl. crew (of a
ship, of an airplane)
buaira pl. -t, bair2 lake; baasa a (baks) to decrease, diminish,
(tun.)'vegetable garden, truck garden
burn crisis (of an illness);
climax, culmination (also, e.g., of ecstasy)
tabaur deep penetration, delving
( into a subject), thorough study ( of)
mutabair thoroughly familiar (
with); profound, erudite, searching,
penetrating
balaqa: ( ainaihi) to stare, gaze baaa a (ba) with : to kill o.s. (with
( at)
1
ba ba excellent! well done! Bravo!
2
baa u (ba) to snore; to spout, spurt,
squirt ( s.th.); to sprinkle, splatter (
s.th. with)
baa nozzle
bua squirt, syringe
mibaa nozzle
bat luck; a kind of lottery bul avarice, cupidity, greed 43
unIucky; bad luck
bat lucky, fortunate
mabt lucky, fortunate
II tabatara to strut, prance
II to vaporize, evaporate ( s.th.); to
fumigate ( s.th.); to disinfect ( s.th.); to
perfume with incense, expose to aromatic
smoke ( s.th.) V to evaporate (water); to
volatilize, tum into smoke or haze; to
perfume 0.8., or be perfumed, with incense
bur pl. -t, abira vapor,
fume; steam
bur steam (adj.), steam-driven
bar incense; frankincense
b. maryam cyclamen (bot.)
abar2 suffering from halitosis
mabara pl. mabir2 (also
-t) censer; thurible; fumigator
tabr fumigation
tabaur evaporation, vaporization
steamship
buwaiira small steamboat
reduce ( s.th.); to lessen (e.g.,
qmatah the value of s.th.); to disregard,
neglect, fail to heed ( s.th.)
bas too little, too low; very low
(price)
bais small, little, trifling,
unimportant
ba pl. ba 2 tip, gratuity
grief, anger, rage)
abaq2 f. baq2 one-eyed
baila a (baal), baula u (bul) to be
niggardly, be stingy ( with s.th., or
with regard to s.o.), scrimp ( ,
s.o., for), stint ( in, or s.o.),
withhold ( , from s.o., s.th.) VI to
give reluctantly, grudgingly ( , to
s.o., y s.th.)
bal pl. avaricious, greedy;
miser, skinflint
mabala cause of avarice, that
which arouses avarice or greed
bunuq pl. baniq2 kerchief, veil
(to cover the head)
badda u (budd) to distribute, spread,
disperse II to divide, distribute, spread,
scatter, disperse ( .th.); to remove,
eliminate ( s.th.); to waste, squander,
fritter away, dissipate ( s.th.) V pass. of
II; X to be independent, proceed
independently ( in, e.g., in one's opinion,
i.e., to be opinionated, obstinate, head-
strong); to possess alone monopolize (
 s.th.); to take possession ( of s.o.), seize,
grip, overwhelm, overcome ( s.o.; said
of a feeling, of an impulse); to dispose
arbitrarily, highhandedly ( of s.th.); to
rule despotically, tyrannically,
autocratically ( over)
budd way out, escape
( buddun) if it is inevitable that ... ;
(budda) definitely, certainly, inevitably,
without fail; by all means; it is
necessary, inescapable, unavoidable,
inevitable, he simply must do it,
he can't get around it; min kulli
buddin in any case, at any rate
abdd 2 (pl.) scattered
tabdd scattering, dispersal,
dispersion; removal, elimination; waste,
dissipation
istibdd arbitrariness, high-
handedness; despotism; autocracy;
absolutism
istibdd arbitrary, highhanded,
autocratic, despotic; istibddyt
arbitrary acts
mubaddid scatterer, disperser;
squanderer, wastrel, spendthrift
mustabidd arbitrary, highhanded,
autocratic, tyrannical, despotic; autocrat,
tyrant, despot( birayih)
opinionated, obstinate, headstrong
badaa a ( bad) to begin, start ( or
with s.th., s.th.; with s.o.; with foll.
imperf.: to do s.th. or doing s.th.
respectively); to set in, begin, start, arise,
spring up, crop up II to put ( s.th.,
before s.th. else), give precedence or
priority ( to s.th., over s.th. else) III
to begin, start ( s.th., with regard to
s.o.), make the first step, take the initiative
or lead ( in s.th., toward s.o.) e.g.,
( kalm) to accost s.o., speak first to
s.o. IV to do or produce first ( s.th.).
bring out ( s.th. new) m
yubdiu wa-m yud he can't think of a
blessed thing to say; he says or
does everything conceivable VIII to begin,
start ( with s.th.)
bad beginning, start from badara u to come unexpectedly, by
the (very) beginning; ( audan
wa-badan) ( audah al
badih) or ( il badin) he did it
all over again, he began anew
bada, bada, bidya
beginning, start in the
beginning, at first
bada beginning, start; first step,
first instance badata badin
right at the outset, at the very beginning
bud primitive
mabda' pl. mabdi2
beginning, start, starting point; basis,
foundation; principle; invention; pl.
principles, convictions (of a person);
ideology; rudiments. fundamental
concepts, elements kutub al-m.
elementary books 44
mabda original, initial;
fundamental, basic; mabdayan
originally; in principle
ibtid beginning, start; novitiate
(Chr.) ibtidan min from,
beginning ... , as of (with foll. date)
ibtid initial; preparatory,
elementary, primary; of first instance
(jur.); original, primitive
(makama) court of first instance;
elementary education;
(madrasa) lower grades of a high school,
approx.: junior high school (as
distinguished from (
(ahda) approx.: junior high school
graduation certificate
bdi beginning, starting
badi'a l-amr and in the
beginning, at first; right away,
without thinking twice, unhesitatingly;
badia d badin above all, first
of all, in the first place, primarily;
al-badiu dikruhu (the person or
thing) mentioned at the outset, the first-
mentioned
mubtadi beginning; beginner;
novice (Chr.)
mubtada' beginning, start; (gram.)
subject of 8 nominal clause
1
surprise; to escape ( s.o.; e.g., words in
excitement) III to come to s.o.s ( )mind,
 occur to s.o. (t) all of a sudden, strike s.o. bad innovation, novelty; creation
(idea, notion); to embark, enter ( upon badan wa-audan repeatedly 45
s.th.) or set out ( to do s.th.) without bid pl. abd innovator; new,
delay; to rush, hurry ( to s.o., to a original; unprecedented, novel l
place); to hurry up (", with s.th.), bida no wonder! l bida an no
with foll. verbal noun: to do s.th. wonder that ... ; s.th. else than;
promptly, without delay, hasten to do unlike, different from
s.th.; to fall upon s.o ( )with (), accost,
assail, surprise ( s.o. with s.th.; e.g., bida pl. bida innovation.
to snap rudely at s.o.); to novelty; heretical doctrine, heresy; pl.
react, respond ( to s.th.) creations (of fashion, of art) ahl
( injzi l-wad) to set out to fulfill a al-b. heretics
promise VI ( dihn) to suggest badi', bud unprecedented,
itself strongly, be obvious; to appear at marvelous, wonderful, amazing,
first glance as if (( admirable, singular, unique; creator
(dihn) it occurred to me all of a sudden ilm al-b. the art or science of
that ... ; ( fahm) to be metaphors and (in general) of good style
immediately understood VIII to hurry,
rush, hasten ( to); to get ahead of s.o. (), bada pl. badi2 an
anticipate, forestall ( s.o.) astonishing, amazing thing, a marvel, a
before she could say a word he wonder; original creation
exclaimed ... bad rhetorical
badr, pl. budr full moon abda2 more amazing, more
badra pl. badart, bidr huge exceptional; of even greater originality
amount of money (formerly = 10,000 ibd creation, fashioning, shaping;
dirhams) enormous sums of a marvelous, unique achievement;
money uniqueness, singularity, originality;
badr hurry! quick! creative ability
mubdara undertaking, enterprise O ibd romantic (lit.)
bdira pl. bawadir2 herald, O ibdya romanticism (lit.)
harbinger, precursor, forerunner, first mubdi producing, creating;
indication, sign; unforeseen act; stirring, creative; creator; exceptional, unique,
impulse, fit (e.g., of rage); blunder, outstanding (in an achievement, esp. of an
mistake; stirrings, impulses artist)
b. airin a good, or generous, impulse
mubtadi innovator; creator; heretic
2
baidar pl. baydir 2 threshing floor
look up alphabetically
and ( Turk. bodrum) badrm,
badrn pl. -t basement badala u to replace ( s.th. by),
exchange ( s.th. for) II to change, alter
badaa a (bad) to introduce, originate, ( s.th. to), convert ( s.th. into); to
start, do for the first time ( s.th.), be the substitute ( for s.th., or s.th.),
first to do s.th. ( ;)to devise, contrive, exchange, give in exchange ( s.th., or
invent ( s.th.) II to accuse of heresy ( for); to change ( s.th.) III to exchange
s.o.) IV = I; to create ( s.th.); to achieve ( with s.o. s.th.) IV to replace ( s.th.
unique, excellent results ( in); to be by), exchange ( for s.th. s.th. else); to
amazing, outstanding ( in s.th.) VIII to compensate ( s.o. for s.th. with s.th.
invent, contrive, devise, think up ( s.th.) else), give s.o. ( )s. th. ( )in exchange
X to regard as novel, as unprecedented ( for ( )V to change; to be exchanged VI
s.th.) to exchange ( s.th., also words, views,
greetings) X to exchange, receive in
exchange, trade, barter ( and s.th.
for); to replace ( and s.th. by),
substitute ( and for s.th. s.th. else)
badal pl. abdl substitute,
alternate, replacement; equivalent.
compensation, setoff; reimbursement,
recompense, allowance; price. rate;
(gram.) appositional substantive standing
for another substantive b. al-
jirya allowance for food; b. as-
safarya travel allowance;
subscription rate; expense
account, expense allowance
badala (prep.) inetead of, in place
of, in lieu of
badalan min in place of, instead
of, in lieu of
badla pl. badalt, bidal suit (of
clothes); costume b. al-
ammm bathing suit; ( rasmya)
uniform; ( tarftya) full- badaha a to come, descend suddenly
dreas uniform
badalya compensation, smart
money
badla (prep.) instead of,
(conj.) instead of (being, doing, etc.)
badl pl. budal 2 substitute, badha spontaneity, spontaneous
alternate ( or for); stand-in, double
(theat.); (f. )serving as a replacement or
substitute ( mafraza) reserve
detachment (mil.)
baddl grocer; money-changer
baddla culvert; pipeline; telephone
exchange, central
mabdil2 see
tabdl change, alteration 46
mubdala pl. -t exchange repartee;
( tijrya) commercial exchange,
trade relations
ibdl exchange, interchange,
replacement ( by), substitution ( of);
change; phonetic change
tabaddul change, shift, turn;
transformation; transmutation, conversion
tabdul (mutual) exchange ( ( bad u to appear, show, become
t. as-salam exchange of greetings,
thought transference, telepathy
istibdl exchange, replacement,
substitution
mubdil: m. al-
usuwnt automatic record changer
mutabdil mutual, reciprocal
baduna u and badana u to be fat, corpulent
badan pl. abdn, abdun
body, trunk, torso
badani bodily, corporal, physical,
somatic
badna corpulence, obesity
badn pl. budun stout, corpulent,
fat, obese
budna corpulence, obesity
bdin pl. budn stout, corpulent,
fat, obese
( upon s.o.), befall unexpectedly ( s.o.);
to surprise ( s.o.) with s.th. ( )III to
appear suddenly, unexpectedly ( before
s.o. with s.th.) VIII to extemporize,
improvise, do offhand, on the spur of the
moment ( s.th.)
occurrence, impulse; simple, natural way,
naturalness, matter-of-factness;
badhatan and all by itself,
spontaneously
badha s.th. sudden or unexpected;
improvisation; impulse, inspiration,
spontaneous intuition; intuitive
understanding or insight, empathy,
instinctive grasp, perceptive faculty
all by itself, spontaneously; offhand;
quick-witted, quick at
presence of mind
badh and badah intuitive,
self-evident, a priori (adj.)
badhya pl. -t an axiom, a
fundamental or self-evident truth; truism,
commonplace, platitude
badii'ih' fundamental or selfevident
truths
evident, clear, plain or manifest, come to
light; to be obvious; to seem good,
 acceptable, proper ( to s.o.) III to shaw,
display, evince, manifest, reveal, declare
openly( adwa) to show open loathing, aversion, contempt
hostility IV to disclose, reveal, manifest,
show, display, evince ( s.th.), to
demonstrate, bring out, bring to light,
make visible ( s.th.); to express, utter,
voice ( s.th.) ( ra'yah) to bdi pl. bawdi2 high, lofty;
express one's opinion about;
(ragbatan) to expreas a wish or desire V =
I, to live in the desert VI to pose as a
Bedouin
badw desert; nomads, Bedouins
badaw Bedouin, nomadic; rural (as
distinguished from urban); a Bedouin
badawya pl. -t Bedouin woman,
Bedouin girl
badaJl pl. badawt whim,
caprice; ill-humor
badwa and bidwa desert life,
Bedouin life; Bedouinism, nomadism 47
baid2 desert, steppe, wilderness,
wild
ibd expression, manifestation,
declaration
bdin apparent, evident, obvious,
plain, visible; inhabiting the desert; pl.
budh Bedouins
bdiya desert, semidesert, steppe;
peasantry; (pl. bawdin) nomads,
Bdouins
bidya =
badda u (badd) to get the better of (), beat,
surpass (s.o.)
badd and bdd slovenly, untidy,
shabby, filthy, squalid
badda slovenliness, untidiness,
shabbiness, dirtiness, filth
badaa a to revile, abuse ( s.o.), rail (
at s.o.); -- badia a, badua u to
be obscene, bawdy
bad disgusting, loathsome,
nauseous, foul, dirty, obscene, bawdy,
ribald
bad and bada obscenity,
ribaldry, foulness (of language); disgust,
badaa a to be haughty, proud
bada luxury, pomp, splendor;
haughtiness, pride
proud, haughty
badara u (badr) to sow, disseminate (
s.th., seed, also fig. = to spread) II to
waste, squander, dissipate ( s.th.)
badr pl. budr, bidr seeds,
seed; seedling; pl. pips, pits, stones
(of fruit)
badra (n. un.) a seed, a grain; pip,
pit, stone (of fruit); germ; (fig.) germ cell
(of a development, and the like)
bidr seedtime
tabdr waste, squandering,
dissipation
mubaddir squanderer, wastrel,
spendthrift
look up alphabetically
badala i u (badl) to give or spend freely,
generously ( s.th.); to sacrifice ( s.th.);
to expend ( s.th.); to offer, grant (
s.th.) ( jahdah) to take pains;
do.; ( kulla
musadatin) to grant every assistance;
to make efforts; to obey
s.o., defer to s.o.; ( kulla glin)
and to spare no
effort, go to any length, give everything,
pay any price for or in order to;
( ma wajhih) to sacrifice one's
honor; ( or) to
sacrifice o.s. for s.o.; ( wusah) to
do ones utmost, do ones best V to fritter
away ones fortune, be over-generous; to
prostitute o.s. (woman); to display
common, vulgar manners VIII to wear out
in common service, make trite, vulgar,
commonplace, to hackney ( s.th.); to
abuse ( s.th.); to express o.s. in a vulgar
manner, use vulgar language; to
degrade o.s. demean o.s., sacrifice one's
dignity
 badl giving, spending; sacrifice,
surrender, abandonment; expenditure;
offering, granting
badla suit (of clothes)
mibdal pl. mabdil2 slipper; pl.
casual clothing worn around home
so-and-so in his private life
ibtidl triteners, commonness,
commonplaceness; banality; debasement,
degradation
bdil spender 48
mutabaddil vulgar, common
mubtadal trite, hackneyed, banal,
common, vulgar; everyday, commonplace
(adj.)
2 of God)
barra (1st pers. perf. barirtu, barartu) a I
(birr) to be reverent, dutiful, devoted; to
be kind ( or to s.o.); to be charitable,
beneficent, do good ( to s.o.); to obey (
s.o., esp. God); to treat with reverence, to
honor ( or the parents); to be honest,
truthful; to be true, valid (sworn
statement); to keep ( a promise, an oath)
II to warrant, justify, vindicate; to acquit,
absolve, exonerate, exculpate, clear (
s.o., s.th.) ( wajhah) to justify
o.s. by IV to carry out, fulfill ( s.th., a
promise, an oath) V to justify o.s.; to be
justified
birr reverence, piety; righteousness,
probity; godliness, devoutness; kindness;
charitable gift
barr and brr pl. abrr and clear o.s. ( from suspicion, from a
barara reverent, dutiful ( toward),
devoted ( to); pious, godly, upright,
righteous.; kind
mabarra pl. -t and mabar2
good deed, act of charity, benefaction;
philanthropic organization; charitable
institution, home or hospital set up with
private funds
tabrr justification, vindication
brr reverent, faithful and devoted;
see also under barr above
mabrr (accepted into the grace of
the Lord, i.e.) blessed (said of a deceased
person)
mubarrir pl. -t justification;
excuse( mubarrira) unjustifiable
2
barr land (as opposed to sea), terra firma,
mainland; open country; barran out,
outside barran wa-baran by
land and sea
barr terrestrial, land (adj.); wild (of
plants and animals)
(sayyra, mya) amphibious vehicle
barrya pl. barary open
country, steppe, desert; see also 1
barrn outside, outer, exterior,
external; foreign, alien
burr wheat
1
baraa a ( bar) to create ( s.th., said
bar creation
barya pl. -t, bary creation
(= that which is created); creature; see
also 2 .
~ J~I aI-bari' the Creator (God)
2
baria a ( bara) to be or become
free, be cleared ( from, esp. from guilt
blame, etc., toward s.o.); to recover (
from an illness) II to free, clear, acquit,
absolve, exculpate ( s.o., from
suspicion, blame, guilt)
(sata r-rajul) he acquitted the man IV
to acquit, absolve, discharge, exculpate (
s.o.); to cause to recover, cure, heal (
s.o.) ( dimmatah) to clear s.o. or
o.s. from guilt, exonerate s.o. or o.s. V to
charge), free o.s. ( from responsibility,
etc.), rid o.s. ( of); to declare o.s.
innocent, wash ones hands ( of); to be
acquitted X to restore to health, cure, heal
( s.o.); to free o.s. ( from), rid o.s. (
of)
bur and bur convalescence,
recovery
bar pl. abriy2, bur,
bir free, exempt ( from), devoid (
of); guiltless, innocent; guileless,
harmless; healthy, sound 49
bar free, exempt ( from)
( dimmatuM) he is innocent of ...
 bara being free; disavowal,
withdrawal; innocence, guiltlessness;
naivet, guilelessness, artlessness; (pl. -t)
license, diploma, patent
patent on an invention; barbata to splash, paddle, dabble (in
exequatur (a written authorization of a
consular officer, issued by the government
to which he is accredited); b. at-
tiqa (Tun.) credentials (dipl.);
harmless; without guilt, innocent
tabria freeing, exemption;
acquittal, absolution, discharge,
exoneration
mubraa mubarat, divorce by
mutual consent of husband and wife,
either of them waiving all claims by way
of compensation (Isl. Law)
ibr acquittal, absolution, release;
release of a debtor from his liabilities,
remission of debt (Isl. Law)
istibr: ist. al-amal pretty (woman)
the ceremony of selecting and purifying
the Host before Mass (Copt.-Chr.)
baraguwy Paraguay
al-brzl Brazil
( Fr. brasserie) brseri beer parlor,
taproom
Prague
( Fr. paravent) baravn folding screen
brahm Brahma
birba and birb pl. barb of) dividers 50
ancient Egyptian temple, temple ruins
doting back to ancient Egypt (eg.);
labyrinth, maze
barba pl. barbi2 water pipe, drain, baria a ( bar) to leave ( or a
culvert, sewer pipe
barbara to babble noisily (e.g., a large
crowd), jabber, mutter, prattle
al-barbar the Berbers
barbar Berber (adj.); barbaric,
uncivilized; -- (pl. barbira) a
Berber; a barbarian
barbarya barbar(ian)ism,
barbarity, savagery, cruelty
mutabarbir barbaric, uncivilized
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barb (syr.) tube (of a narghile, of an
enema, etc.)
water)
( It. barbone) barbn, also red
mullet (Mullus barbatus; zool.)
see
barbs barbel (zool.)
burtugl Portugal
burtugl Portuguese
burtuql, burtuqn orange
burtuql, burtuqn
orange, orange-colored
burtun, pl. bartin claw, talon
1
V to display, show, play up her charms
(woman); to adorn herself, make herself
2
burj pl. burj, abrj tower;
castle; sign of the zodiac b. al-
amm pigeon house, dovecot; b.
al-miyh water tower
2
brija pl. bawrij warship,
battleship; barge
1
lab al-birjs a kind of equestrian
contest, joust, tournament
2
al-birjs Jupiter (astron.)
barjal pl. barhil2 compass, (pair
burjuma pl. barjim2 knuckle,
finger joint
place, for), depart ( from, on ones
way to); with neg.: to continue to be (=
( he is still in ... ;
(ganyan) he is still rich; ( af)
the matter hall come out, has become
generally known; to come and go
II to beset, harass, trouble, molest ( s.o.)
III to leave ( a place, for), depart (
from, on one's way to)
departure; cessation, stop; a wide,
empty tract of land, vast expanse, vastness;
baran openly and plainly, patently
 tabrh2 agonies, torments (e.g., of
longing, of passion)
mubraa departure
bri (showing the left side. i.e.)
ill-boding, inauspicious, ominous (as
opposed to ( al-bria yesterday mubarrad cooled, chilled
al-briata yesterday barada u to file ( a piece of metal, etc.)
( lailata) last night;
awwala l-b. the day before yesterday. two
days ago
mubarri, violent, intense,
excruciating, agonizing (esp., of pains)
mubarra bihi stricken. afflicted, 3
tormented
1
barada u to be or become cold; to
cool, cool off (also fig.); to feel cold; to
cool, chill ( s.th.); to soothe. alleviate (
pain); -- baruda to be or become cold II to
make cold ( s.th.); to refrigerate ( s.th.);
to cool, chill ( s.th., also fig.); to soothe,
alleviate ( pain) V to refresh o.s., cool
o.s. off; to be soothed, be alleviated VIII to
become cold, cool off
bard coldness, chilliness, coolness;
cooling; alleviation; cold, catarrh
barad hail, barada (n. un.)
hailstone
bard collyrium
burd coldness, coolness,
chilliness; emotional coldness, frigidity
burda coldness, coolness,
chilliness; emotional coldness, frigidity
b. ad-dam cold-bloodedness
bardya ague, feverish chill; see
also below
burad 2 ague, feverish chill
barrda cold-storage plant;
refrigerator, icebox
tabrd cooling, chilling; cold
storage, refrigeration; alleviation,
mitigation jahz at-t. cold- jade, nag
storage plant, refrigerator; 1
gurfat at-t. cold-storage room
brid cold; cool, chilly; easy; weak;
stupid, inane, silly, dull; dunce,
blockhead( arb) the cold
war; an easy prey; ( ai)
an easy life; ( ujja) a weak
argument; ( tibg) light, mild tobacco
mubarrid cooling, refreshing; pl.
-t refreshments (beverages, etc.)
2
barrd fitter (of machinery)
birda fitter's trade or work
burda iron filings
mibrad pl. mabcirid2 file, rasp
burd pl. abrd garment
burda Mohammed's outer garment
burdya curtain, drape 51
4
IV to send by mail, to mail ( a letter)
bard post, mail( jaww)
air mail
bard postal; messenger, courier;
mailman
5
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6
bard, burd papyrus (bot.)
bardya pl. -t papyrus
ilm al-b. papyrology
bardq pl. bardq2 jug, pitcher
lab al-b. bridge (game)
bardaa to polish, burnish ( s.th.)
=
=
bardaq (= )marjoram
( Fr. bordure) badra curbstone, curb
bardaa pl. bardi2 saddle, pack-
saddle (for donkeys and camels)
bardi maker of donkey saddle,
saddler
birdaun pl. bardn2 work horse
baraza u to come out, show, appear, come
into view, emerge; to jut out, protrude,
stand out, be prominent (also fig.); to
surpass, excel ( s.o.) II to cause to
come out, bring out, expose, show, set off,
accentuate ( s.th.); to excel, surpass (
 s.o. in), stand out ( for), distinguish birit: ( bai) soft-boiled eggs
o.s. ( by) III to meet in combat or duel ( barlna Barcelona (seaport in NE
s.o.); to compete in a contest ( with s.o.) Spain)
IV to cause to come out, bring out,
expose, make manifest ( s.th.); to barama to stare, gaze ( at s.th.); to
publish, bring out ( a book, etc.); to rivet ( s.th.)
present, show ( e.g., an identity card) V barama riveting
to evacuate the bowels VI to vie, contend
burm and ( n. un. )pl. -t
burz prominence, projection, wafer; Host (Chr.)
protrusion
burma rivet
birz excrement, feces; competition,
contest, match (in sports); duel burmj riveter
buraiza (birza; eg.) ten-piaster buramjya riveting
coin 1
baria a (bara) to be a leper
abraz2 more marked, more bur wall gecko (Tarentola
distinctive; more prominent mauritanica, zool.)
mubraza competition, contest, bara leprosy
match, esp. in sports; duel; fencing
abra2 leprous; leper
ibrz bringing out, displaying, smm a. wall gecko
setting off, accentuation; production; 2
presentation bura stock exchange

briz protruding, projecting, salient; baraa u ( bur) to germinate,

raised, embossed, in relief; marked, sprout (plant)
distinct, conspicuous; prominent barz: b. a1-barya
(personality) forecastle, crew quarters (on a merchant
mubarriz surpassing ( s.o.), vessel)
superior ( to s.o.); winner. victor (in baraa ( baraa) to gallop
contest)
barala ( barala) to bribe ( s.o.) II
mubriz competitor, contender; tabarala to take bribes, be venal
combatant, fighter; fencer
birl pl. barl2 bribe
2
( Fr. prise) brz pl. -t (plug) socket, wall- 1
barama to rave, talk irrationally
plug, outlet (syr.); barza pl.
bariz2 do. (eg.) burm, barm trunk of an
2 elephant
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2
2 baramn pl. -t (syr. eg.) tall earthen
barazn trumpet
or glass vessel (for preserves, oil. etc.)
barza pl. barzi interval, gap,
baraa a to surpass excel ( s.o.); (also
break, partition, bar, obstruction; isthmus
barua u) to distinguish o.s., be skilful,
burzq sidewalk proficient V to contribute. Give, donate (
1
birsm pleurisy s.th.); to undertake (voluntarily, s.th.).
volunteer ( or), be prepared, willing (
2
look up alphabetically to do s.th.); to be ready, be on hand (
3
birsm clover, specif., berseem, Egyptian with)
clover (Trifolium alexandrinum bot.) bara skill, proficiency;
1
bur pl. abr mat efficiency, capability, capacity
abra2 spotted, speckled 52 bura superior skill, outstanding
1
proficiency
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 tabarru pl. -t gift, donation; briq: b. al-amal glimpse of
contribution hope
bri skilled, skillful, proficient, briqa pl. bawriq2 gleam,
capable. efficient; brilliant, outstanding twinkle
(work of art) mubriq: teletype
barama to bud, burgeon, sprout 2
al-barqa Cyrenaica (region of E Libya)
2
burum pl. barim and 3
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burm pl. bard'im' bud, burgeon;
4
blossom, flower look up alphabetically
burgt pl. bargt2 f1ea; pl. barqaa ( barq) to variegate, paint
( syr.) small silver coins or daub with many colors ( s.th.); to
b. a1-bar shrimp (zool.) embellish ( s.th.; ones speech) II
tabargaa reflex. and pass. of I
barga (coll.; n. un. )gnat(s), midge(s)
birqi finch
burgul cooked, parched and crushed
wheat, served together with other food barqaa colorful medley, variety,
(eg., syr.) variegation
( Turk. bur) burg pl. mubarqa colorful, variegated,
barg screw many-colored
birfr pl. barfr2 purple barqaa to veil, drape (, s.o., s.th.) II
tabarqaa to put on a veil, veil o.s.
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1 burqu pl. barqi2 veil (worn
baraqa u to shine, glitter, sparkle, flash by women; long, leaving the eyes
( samu) there was lightning IV exposed)
= I; to emit bolts of lightning (cloud); to
flash up, light up; to brighten (face); to barqq (coll.; n. un. )plum
cable, wire, telegraph ( to) 1
baraka u to kneel down II and IV to make
barq pl. burq lightning; flash ( the camel) kneel down II to invoke a
of lightning; telegraph ( ullab) blessing ( or on s.th., on s.th.) III
lightning without a downpour, used fig. to bless ( or s.th., also or ), invoke
e.g.. of s.o. given to making promises a blessing on; to give one's blessing ( to
without ever living up to them 53 s.th.), sanction ( s.th.) V to be blessed (
by); to enjoy ( s.th.), find pleasure,
barq telegraphic, telegraph- (in delight ( in); to ask s.o.s ( )blessing VI
compounds) to be blessed, be praised; ... tabraka
barqya pl. -t telegram, wire, cable ... God bless ! X to be blessed
barq pl. bariq2 glitter, birka pl. birak pond, small lake;
shine, gloss, luster( madin) puddle, pool b. as-siba
lustered, coated with metallic luster swimming pool
burq Alborak, name of the baraka pl. -t blessing,
creature on which Mohammed made his benediction qillat al-b.
ascension to the seven heavens () misfortune, bad luck
barrq shining, lustrous, sparkling, abrak2 more blessed
flashing, glittering, twinkling tabrk pl. -t good wish; blessing,
mabraq glitter, flash benediction
f m. i-b with the first rays of the mubrak blessed, fortunate, lucky
morning sun
2
barrk2 (mor.) barracks
birkr compass, (pair of) divideers
 burkn pl. barkn2 volcano ( qa) inescapable fate;
burkn volcanic irrevocably
3
burma pl. buram, birm
barlamn parliament
earthenware pot
barlamn parliamentary
burm Burma
barlamnya parliamentarianism
barm amphibious
( It. brillante) brillant brilliant, diamond (dabbba) amphibious tank (mil.)
barln Berlin
1
barmya amphibian
barima a (baram) to be or become weary,
tired ( of), be fed up, be bored ( with), ( Engl.) barmanant permanent wave
find annoying, wearisome ( s.th.) V to cold wave (in hair)
feel annoyed ( by), be displeased ( barmaq pl. barmiq2 baluster; spike
with); to be fed up ( with), be sick and (of a wheel)
tired (of, also ;)to be impatient,
baramht the seventh month of the
discontented, dissatisfied; to grieve, be
Coptic calendar
pained 54
Birmingham
barim weary, tired ( of), disgusted
( at, with); dissatisfied, discontented barmda the eighth month of the Coptic
calendar
tabarrum weariness, boredom,
disgust; discontent, dissatisfaction; barml pl. barml2 barrel; keg,
uneasiness, discomfort, annoyance cask; tun
mutabarrim cross, peevish, vexed, barnya pl. barny clay vessel
annoyed barnmaj pl. barmij2 program,
2
barama u (barm) to twist, twine ( a plan, schedule; roster, list, index;
rope); to shape ( s.th.) round and long; to curriculum
roll up ( the sleeves); to settle, establish, burunjuk gauze, crepe
confirm ( s.th.) IV to twist, twine ( a
1
rope); to settle, establish, confirm ( s.th.); burnus pl. barnis2 (also
to conclude ( a pact); to confirm ( a barns, burns pl. barans2)
judicial judgment); to ratify ( a treaty, a burnoose, hooded cloak; casula, chasuble
bill) VII to be settled, be established, be (of Coptic priests) b. al-
confirmed; to be twisted, be twined ammm bathrobe
barrma pl. -t drilling machine barnis pl. -ya maker of
burnooses
barm rope; string, cord, twine
2
jibl al-barnis the Pyrenees
barrma pl. t drill, borer, gimlet,
brins prince
auger, bit; corkscrew
brinssa princess
barrmya spirochete II tabarnaa to wear a hat
ibrm settlement, establishment; burnaia pl. -t, barnt2
confirmation; conclusion (of a pact, etc.); (European) hat (mens and womens);
ratification makamat lamp shade
an-naq wa-l-i. Court of Cassation (Eg.)
burha pl. buraht, burah a while, a
mabrm:( silk) wire time; short time; instant, moment;
rope, cable burllatan a little while ( after two
moments =) in a short time
mubram firm, strong; irrevocable,
definitely established; confirmed, ratified barham (syr.) = marham
 barahman pl. barhima Brahman
55
barahmya Brahmanism
barhana to prove, demonstrate ( or
s.th.)
burhn pl. barhn2 proof
barhana proving, demonstration
bawa waste, scrap
brotostant Protestant; (pl. -n) a
Protestant
brotostantya Protestantism
( It. protesto) brotost protest (of a bill
of exchange)
brotokl protocol
proton
brogrm program
burj pl. -ya trumpeter, bugler
barwaza to frame
barwz, birwz pl. barwz2 frame take away, snatch ( money, from
( It. Prussia) bursiy Prussia
burs Prussian
and ( It. prova) brva, brfa pl.
-t test. experiment; proof sheet;
rehearsal
( Fr.) bronz bronze
bronzi bronze, bronzy
( ar) the Bronze Age
1
bar i (bary) to trim, shape ( s.th.), nib (
a pen), sharpen ( a pencil); to scratch
off, scrape off ( s.th.); to exhaust, tire
out, wear out, emaciate, enervate ( s.o.),
sap the strength of ( )III to vie, compete (
with s.o.). try to outstrip ( s.o.) VI to vie,
compete, contend, be rivals; to meet in a
contest, try each others strength (esp. in
games and sports) VII to be trimmed, be
nibbed, be sharpened; to defy, oppose (
s.o.); to undertake, take in hand ( s.th.),
set out to do s.th. (), enter, embark (
upon); to break forth ( from); to get
going; to break out, lot fly, explode (with
words, esp. in anger or excitement)
baran dust, earth
barrya, b. al-aqlm bazaga u to break forth, come out; to
pencil sharpener
mibrh pocketknife
mubrh pl. mubrayt
contest tournament, match (in games and
sports); competition, rivalry
: ai l-qausa briyah
give the bow to him who knows how to
shape it, i.e. always ask an expert
mutabrin participant in a contest,
contestant, contender; competitor, rival
2
see 1 and 2
barniy, biriniy Britain,
( um) Great Britain
barn, birin British;
Britannic
1
bazza u (bazz) to take away, steal, wrest,
snatch ( from s.o. s.th.). rob, strip (
s.o. of s.th.); to defeat, beat, outstrip, excel
( s.o.), triumph, be victorious ( over)
VIII to take away, steal, pilfer ( s.th.); to
s.o.); to rob, fleece ( s.o.)
to lift money out of peoples pockets,
relieve people of their money
ibtizz theft, robbery; fleecing,
robbing (of s.o.)
2
bazza u to bud, burgeon
buzz, bizz pl. bizz, abzz
nipple, mammilla (of the female breast);
teat, female breast 56
3
bazz pl. buzz linen; cloth, dry goods
bizza clothing, clothes, attire;
uniform( rasmya) uniform
bazzz draper, cloth merchant
bizza cloth trade
bazbz pl. bazbz2 nozzle, spout
bazara i (bazr) to sow
bizr pl. buzr seed(s); pl.
abzr and abzr2 spice
bizra (n. un.) seed; kernel, pip, pit,
stone (of fruit); germ
bazzr seedsman
buzaira pl. -t spore (bot.)
dawn (day); to rise (sun)
 buzg appearance, emergence; rise
(of the sun)
bazaqa u (bazq) to spit
buzq spit, spittle, saliva
bazzqa snail; cobra
mibzaqa pl. mabziq2
spittoon, cuspidor
1
bazala u (bazl) to split ( s.th.); to pierce
( s.th.), make a hole ( in); to tap,broach
( s.th.; a cask); to puncture, tap ( s.o.;
med.); to clear, filter ( a liquid)
bazl puncture, tapping, paracentesis
(med.)
buzl bung (of a cask)
mibzal pl. mabazil 2 spile,
spigot, tap; cock, faucet
2
( It. piselli) bizilla and green peas
ibzm pl. abzim2 buckle, clasp openhearted, frank, candid II to spread,
bizmt bismuth
bizan Byzantine
bzin pl. buzh, bawzin, expound, explain; to be sincere ( with
bzn falcon
bass and bassa pl. basss cat
basaa a ( bas) to treat amicably (
s.o.); to be intimate, be on familiar terms (
with)
besrbiy Bessarabia
basbs, basbsa (eg.) mace (bot.); freely, without formality VII to spread,
(magr.) fennel
basbsa (eg.) pastry made of
flour, melted butter, sugar and oil
( Fr.) bastliya pastilles, lozenges
1
bustn pl. bastn2 garden cheering, delighting, delectation;
bustn gardener; garden (adj.);
horticultural
bastana gardening, horticulture
2
( Fr. piston) bistn, ( Engl.) bistan
pl. bastin2 piston
3
( It. bastone) bastn spades (suit of
playing cards)
basa Easter; Passion Week (Chr.)
basara u ( busr) to scowl, frown; --
basara u (basr) and VIII to begin too
early ( with), take premature action, be
rash ( in s.th.)
busr (n. un. )pl. bisr unripe
dates
bsr pl. bawsr2
hemorrhoids
basa u (bas) to spread, spread out (
s.th.); to level, flatten ( s.th.); to enlarge,
expand ( s.th.); to stretch out, extend (
s.th.); to unfold, unroll ( s.th.); to grant,
offer, present ( s.th.); to submit, state, set
forth, expound, explain ( s.th., or
to s.o.); to flog ( s.o.; Nejd); to please
delight ( s.o.) ( diraihi) to
spread ones arms; 57
(yada l-musada) to extend helping hand
to s.o.; to lay the table; -- basua
u ( basta) to be simple,
spread out, extend, expand ( s.th.); to
level, flatten ( s.th.); to simplify, make
simple ( s.th.) III to set forth, state,
s.th. about or in s.th.), confess frankly (
to s.o. s.th.) V to be spread, be unrolled,
be spread out, be extended; to speak at
great length ( about), enlarge ( on),
treat exhaustively, expound in detail ( a
theme); to be friendly, communicative,
sociable, behave unceremoniously, be
completely at ease to talk
extend, expand (intr.); to be glad, be
delighted, be or become happy
bas, extension, spreading,
unrolling, unfolding; presentation,
statement, explanation, exposition;
amusement; (Eg.) numerator (of a
fraction) b. al-yad avarice, greed,
cupidity
basa extension, extent, expanse;
size, magnitude; skill, capability, abilities;
excess, abundance; (pl. -t) statement,
exposition, presentation; -- (pl. bis)
landing (of staircase); estrade, dais,
platform (eg.)
bis pl. -t, absia, busu
carpet, rug b. ar-rama
 2
winding sheet, shroud; )or) basula u ( basla) to be brave,
( masalata, batan) to raise fearless, intrepid V to scowl, glower X to
a question, bring a question on the carpet, be reckless, defy death 58
also ( b. il-munqaa) for basla courage, intrepidity
discussion; to bring the
matter to an end, settle it once and for all istibsl death defiance
bas pl. busa2 simple; bsil pl. busal2,
plain, uncomplicated; slight, little, modest, bawsil2 brave, fearless, intrepid
inconsiderable, trivial, trifling; name mustabsil death-defying, heroic
of a poetical meter; pl. simple souls), 2
ingenuous people b. al-yadain bisilla peace
(pl. busu) generous, openhanded basam i (basm), V and VIII to smile
al-basa the earth, the world basma pl. basamt smile
basi2 elements; simple remedies, bassm smiling
medicinal plants; basic facts
mabsim, pl. mabsim2 mouth;
basa simplicity, plainness mouthpiece, holder (for cigars, cigarettes,
O ubsa pl. abs2 rim, etc.)
felly (of a wheel) ibtism and (n. vic.) pl. -t
2
absa simpler; wider, more smile
extensive basmala to utter the invocation
tabs simplification In the name of God, the
Benificent, the Merciful
inbis (n. vic. )extensity,
extensiveness, extension; expansion, basmala utterance of the above
expanse; joy. delight, happiness, gaiety, invocation; the invocation itself
cheerfulness busaina kitty
ala bsia extensor (anat.) psikolj psychological(aI)
mabs extended, outstretched; baa a (ba, baa) to display a
spread out; extensive, large, sizeable; friendly, cheerful, happy mien; to smile;
detailed, elaborate (book); cheerful, happy, to be friendly ( to s.o.). give s.o. ( )a
gay; feeling well, in good health; (tun.) smile
well-to-do
ba, ba smiling, friendly,
munbasi extending, spreading; cheerful
gay, happy, cheerful; level surface
baa smile; happy mien
( Turk.) basurma a kind of jerked,
b smiling, happy; friendly, kind
salted meat (eg.)
but (Nejd, Bar., Ir.) a kind of cloak, =
al-busfr the Bosporus aba
basaqa a ( busq) to be high, tall, bita (eg.) woolen cloak worn by
lofty, towering; to excel, surpass ( or Egyptian peasants
s.o.) 1
baar i, baira a to rejoice, be delighted,
biq high, tall, lofty, towering be happy ( at s.th.) II to announce (as
munbasiq high, tall, lofty, good news; to s.o. s.th.); to bring news
towering ( to s.o. of s.th.); to spread, propagate,
preach ( s.th.; a religion, a doctrine)
( Fr. bicyclette) biskilt, baskilt bicycle ( nafsah) to indulge in the
( It. biscotto) baskt biscuit happy hope that IV to rejoice (at good
news) X to rejoice, be delighted, be happy
baskawt biscuit
 ( at s.th., esp. at good news), welcome, (
s.th.); to take as good omen ( s.th.)
( airan) to regard s.th. as
auspicious
bir joy
bur glad tidings
bur glad tidings, good news
bira pl. -t, bair2 good approx.: staff sergeant (Eg. 1939)
news, glad tidings; annunciation,
prophecy; gospel; good omens,
propitious signs d al-b. the
Annunciation, the Day of Our Lady (Chr.)
bar pl. buar2 bring.r of
glad tidings, messenger, herald, harbinger,
forerunner, precursor; evangelist (Chr.)
tabr announcement (of glad
tidings); preaching of the Gospel;
evangelization, missionary activity
tabr missionary
tabr2 foretokens, prognostics,
omens, first signs or indications, heralds
(fig.); beginnings, dawn t. al-
fajr the first shimmer of aurora, the first
glimpse of dawn
mubair pl. -t announcer,
messenger (of glad tidings); evangelist
(Chr.); preacher; missionary (Chr.)
mustabir happy, cheerful
2
baara u to peel ( s.th.); to scrape off,
shave off, scratch off ( s.th.); to grate,
shred ( s.th.) III to touch ( s.th.), be in
direct contact ( with s.th.); to have
sexual intercourse ( with s.o.); to attend,
apply o.s. ( or to s.th.), take up, take
in hand, pursue, practice, carry out (
s.th., job, a task, etc.) 59
baar man, human being; men,
mankind
baar human; human being;
epidermal, skin (adj.)
dermatologist
baara outer skin, epidermis,
cuticle; skin; complexion
baarya, mankind, human race
mibara pl. mabir2 scraper, baan the ninth month of the Coptic
grater
mubara pursuit, practice; direct,
physical cause (Isl. Law); mubaratan
immediately, directly
mabr: ( jubna)
shredded cheese
mubir pl. -n direct, immediate;
practitioner, pursuer, operator; director; O
manager (Eg.); court usher (Syr.); (mil.)
( ibt) directs
bar flamingo
baia a ( baa) to be ugly,
loathsome II to make ugly, disfigure,
distort ( s.th.); to disparage, run down (
s.th.) X to regard as ugly, find ugly or
repugnant ( s.th.)
bai ugly; offensive, disgusting,
distasteful, repugnant; unpleasant
baa ugly; offensive, disgusting,
distasteful, repugnant; unpleasant
baa ugliness
aba2 uglier; more repulsive
1
look up alphabetically
2
( eg.; Turk. baka; invar.) different
VIII to lie, prevaricate
bak liar
ibtik lie, deceit, trickery
1
bakr pl. bakr2 poker, fire
iron
2
balkir pl. bakr2 towel
( It.) biilla pl. -t bacillus
baima a (baam) to feel nauseated, be
disgusted ( by s.th.), be fed up ( with)
IV to nauseate, sicken, disgust ( s.o.)
baam surfeit, satiety, loathing, disgust
bamr (tun.) lacework, trimmings
bamir (tun.) laceworker, lace-
maker
bamaq slipper (worn by fuqah and
women)
bana (magr.) sorghum, millet
calendar
 banqa pl. banq2 kerchief tied having insight ( into); possessing
under the chin (pal.) knowledge or understanding ( of),
discerning, discriminating, versed,
bann lotus
knowledgeable, proficient ( in),
baa i (ba, bas) to glow, acquainted ( with s.th.);
sparkle, glitter, shine; -- (eg.) u to look
bara pl. ( keen) insight,
ba embers penetration, discernment, understanding,
ba glow, shine; glimpse, ray (power of) mental perception, mental
(e.g., of hope); lustrous, shining vision deliberately, knowingly;
to have insight into s.th.,
bai lustrous, shining; (eg.) be informed about s.th.;
spy, detective discerning, clear-sighted, perspicacious,
babaa ( babaa) to wag ( sharp-witted; nafd al.-b. sharp
bi-danabihi its tail); (eg.) to ogle, make discernment, perspicacity
sheeps eyes, cast amorous glances abar2 more discerning
baa see tabira enlightenment; instruction,
2
baura a (baar) to look, see; to realize, information
understand, comprehend, grasp ( s.th.) II tabaur reflection, consideration;
to make ( s.o.) understand or realize ( penetration, clear-sightedness,
or s.th.), make ( s.o.) aware ( or of perspicacity
s.th.); to enlighten 60 ( or s.o. on or
as to s.th.); to tell, inform ( or s.o. bira pl. bawir2 eye
about) IV to see ( s.o., s.th.); to make 2
al-bara Basra (port in S Iraq)
out, behold, perceive, discern, notice (
s.o., s.th.), set eyes on () , catch sight of baaqa u to spit ( on s.o.)
( . ;)to recognize ( s.o., s.th.); to baqa (n. vic.) expectoration;
reflect ( on). ponder ( s.th.) V to look ( (expectorated) spit, spittle, saliva
at), regard ( s.th.); to reflect ( on buaq spit, spittle, saliva
s.th.), ponder ( s.th.) X to have the
faculty of visual perception, be able to mibaqa spittoon, cuspidor
see; to be endowed with reason, be baal (coll.; n. un. )onion(s); bulb(s)
rational, reasonable, intelligent; to reflect ( b. al-far sea onion (Scilla verna)
on s.th.), ponder ( s.th.)
bal bulbous
baar pl. abr vision, eye-sight;
glance, look; insight; sight, discernment, buaila pl. -t, b. a-
perception shortsighted, ar bulb of the hair (anat.)
myopic; lam al-b.glance of the baama u (bam) to print, imprint (
eye; s.th.); to stamp ( s.th.); to make, or leave,
(dna), ( aqalIa) in the an imprint ( on)
twinkling of an eye, in a moment, in a
flash. instantly; ( mad) bama pl. baamt imprint,
within sight; is impression b. al-atm stamp
knowledgeable, in, h. is familiar with imprint, stamp; fingerprint

baar optic(al), visual, ocular bawa embers

baaryt optics ba tender-skinned

basra perception, discernment; baaa a (ba) to cut, slash or slit open (

perspicacity, acuteness of the mind, sharp- s.th.); to cut up, carve up, dissect,
wittedness anatomize ( s.th.); to amputate (surg.) II to
cut up, carve up, dissect, anatomize III to
bar pl. buar2 endowed sleep ( with a woman) IV to invest
with eyesight; acutely aware ( of),
 capital ( )profitably in a commercial
enterprise V pass. of n; to trade; to shop,
make purchase X to trade 61
ba amputation
bi (commonly, with genit. pl. of
f. nouns, with genit. pl. of m. nouns;
in classical Arabic with both genders)
some, a few, several
bia pl. bai piece (of
meat); meat; see also bi above
bu vulva
bia pl. bai2 goods, tabtu slowness; slowing down,
merchandise, wares, commodities; that
which s.o. has to offer, which he has to
&how, with which he is endowed (also
attributes, qualities) freight ba, ba sweet potato, yam
train; he said what he bais potatoes
had intended to say
miba pl. mabi2
dissecting knife, scalpel
ib mandate for the baaa a (ba) to prostrate, lay low, fell,
management of affairs (lsl. Law);
partnership in a limited company, capital
investment
mubi pl. -n limited partner
(com.)
mustabi manager, managing
agent (Isl. Law)
ba (n. un. )duck; baa leather flask
calf (of the leg)
baua u ( bu, bi, baaa) baa pl. bai wide bed of
to he slow; to he slowgoing, slow-footed,
slow-paced; to tarry, linger, wait, hesitate
II to retard, slow down, delay, hold up (
s.o. in s.th.) IV to slow down,
decelerate, retard, delay, hold up ( s.th.);
to he slow, go or drive slowly, slow down;
to be late ( for s.th., in meeting s.o.),
keep s.o. ( )waiting V to be slow, tardy
( in) VI to he slow, leisurely, unhurried;
to go, drive, act or proceed slowly,
leisurely; to he slowgoing, slow-footed,
slow-paced; to slow down X to find slow (
s.o., s.th.); to have to wait a long time
( for s.o.), be kept waiting ( by s.o.)
bu slowness, tardiness
slowly, leisurely, unhurriedly
baI pl. bi slow, unhurried;
slowgoing, slow-footed, slow-paced;
tardy, late; sluggish, lazy; slow, gradual,
imperceptibleO b. at-
taraddud of low frequency (el.)
aba2 slower
(gurbi n) tardier than Noahs raven,
i.e., slower than a ten years itch
(proverbially of s.o. who ia very tardy)
ib slowing down, retardation,
deceleration, reduction of speed; tarrying,
delay; slowness without delay
retardation
barya pl. -t battery (el. and mil.)
see
babaa ( babaa) to quack (duck)
throw to the ground, throw down (
s.o., s.th.) V and VII to he prostrated, be
laid low; to lie prostrate, sprawl, stretch
out; to extend, stretch; to lie
aba2 flat, level; (pl. abi2)
basin-shaped valley, wide bed of a wadi
ba pl. bi,
baawt basin-shaped valley; plain, level
land, flatland, open country; (tun.) public
square
a stream or wadi; a stagnant, shallow and
broad body of water
munbai prostrate; flat, level;
level land, plain 62
bi, ba (n. un. )melon, water-
melon; ba hub (of a wheel; syr.)
mabaa melon patch
1
baira a (baar) to be wild, wanton,
reckless; to be proud, vain; to be
discontented ( with s.th.); to disregard (
s.th.) IV to make reckless
baar wantonness, cockiness,
arrogance, hubris, pride, vanity
 abira (pl.) bona vivants,
playboys, epicures
2
al-bar Petra (ancient city of
Edomites and Nabataeans; ruins now in
SW Jordan)
bara pl. bari2 roe (of fish)
burus Peter
baral and baran stole
(Chr.)
birq pl. bariqa, barq2
patrician; Romaean general; penguin
(zool.)
barak, bark, bariyark pl. lie, falsehood; and bila
barika Patriarch (as. an
ecclesiastic title, Chr.)
barakya, bariyarkya talk, prattle
patriarchate (Chr.)
baaa i u (ba) to attack with violence;
to bear down on, fall upon s.o. ( or ;)
to knock out ( s.o.); to hit, strike ( s.th.).
land with a thud ( on)
ba strength, power, force,
violence; courage, valor, bravery;
oppression, tyranny
baa impact
biqa pl. t, baiq2 slip (of world champion
paper), tag; card, calling card; ticket;
label calling card;
(aya) and identity card;
b. al-mawdd al-gidya,
food ration card; b. bala bravery, valor, heroism
al-muyada greeting card
1
baala u (bul, buln) to be or
become null, void, invalid, false,
untenable, vain, futile, worthless; to be
abolished, fall into disuse, become
obsolete; to cease, stop, be discontinued;
to be inactive. be oat of work II to thwart,
foil, frustrate, make ineffective counteract,
neutralize, nullify, invalidate ( s.th.); to
abolish, cancel, annul, suppress ( s.th.)
IV = II; to talk idly, prattle; to paralyze,
immobilize, hold down, pin down ( the
opponent)
bul nullity; uselessness, futility.
vanity; falsity, falseness, untruth
bila and bala idleness,
inactivity; free time, time off, holidays,
vacations; unemployment
bal pl. n idle, inactive;
unemployed, out of work
buln nullity; uselessness, futility,
vanity; falsity, untruth; invalidity
ibl thwarting, frustration,
invalidation; ruin, destruction; abolition,
cancellation
bil nugatory, vain, futile; false,
untrue; absurd, groundless, baseless;
worthless; invalid, null, void; deception,
falsely; futilely, in vain; pl. abl2
vanities, trivialities, trifles, flimflam, idle
mubil prattler, windbag; liar
mubal nugatory, futile, vain
mutabail unemployed
2
baula u ( bala, bula) to be
brave, be heroic, be a hero
baal pl. abl brave, heroic; hero;
champion, pioneer; hero, protagonist (of a
narrative, etc.), lead, star 63 (of a play);
champion (athlet.) b. Al-alam
baala heroine (of a narrative),
female lead, star (of a play); woman
champion (athlet..)
bula bravery, valor, heroism;
leading role, starring role (theater, film);
championship (athlet.)
(lamya) and b. al-lam world
championship (athlet.); the part
or role of the hero, leading role
balisa Ptolemies
bum, bum terebinth (bot.)
1
baana u (ban, bulan) to he hidden,
concealed, to hide; -- bauna u (
bana) to be paunchy II to line ( a
garment, s.th. with); to cover the
inside ( of s.th. with), hang, face, fill (
s.th. with) IV to hide, conceal, harbor
( s.th.) V to be lined, have a lining
(garment); to penetrate, delve ( into),
become absorbed, engrossed ( in) X to divining a hidden, secret meaning in the
penetrate, delve ( into), become revealed texts
absorbed, engrossed ( in); to try to mabn affected with a gastric or
fathom ( s.th.); to fathom ( s.th.), get to intestinal ailment
the bottom of ( ;)to have profound
knowledge ( of s.th.), know thoroughly, mubaan lined; filled ( with)
know inside out ( s.th.) 2
II (tun.) to full ( s.th.)
ban pl. bun, abun ( Span. batn) bn fulling mill
belly, stomach, abdomen; womb; interior,
inside, inner portion; depth b. biya pl. bawin pitcher, jug
al-qadam sole of the foot; b. al- baa u to spout, gush out, well out
kaff palm of the hand; and
raq al-b. belly dance; bar pl. buur clitoris (anat.) 64
(bani) in, within, in the midst of; bubu pl. babi2 bugaboo, bogey
inside, within, in; ( waladat)
baata a (bat) to send, send out, dispatah
she gave birth only once; ( li-
( or s.o. or s.th. to); to forward (
ahrin) upside down
or s.th. to); to delegate ( or
ban ventral, abdominal s.o. to); to emit ( or s. th.); to evoke,
bain paunchy arouse, call forth, awaken ( s.th.); to stir
up, provoke, bring on ( s.th.); to revive,
bina gluttony; overeating, resuscitate ( s.th.); to resurrect ( s.o.,
indigestion from death); to incite, induce ( to
bin pl. abina girth (of a s.th.), instigate, ( s.th.); to cause (
camel) s.th.; e.g., astonishment)
(hazzat al-auf) to scare the wits out of
bina pl. bain2 inside, s.o.; ( ra l-ayh) to
inner side; lining (of a garment); retinue, breathe life into s.th. or s.o., revive s.th.
suite, entourage among, amidst; VII to be Bent out, be emitted, be
within dispatched, be delegated; to be triggered,
ban pl. bin and be caused, be provoked; to be resurrected
mibn, paunchy, fat, corpulent, stout; ( from death); to originate ( in),
gluttonous come ( from), be caused ( by); to
emanate (fragrance); to arise, spring,
buain ventricle (of the heart; anat.) proceed, develop ( from), grow out of (
banya pl. -t, ban2 ;)to set out to do s.th. (with foll.
cover; blanket; quilt imperf.) VIII to send, dispatch ( s.o.)
bin pl. bawin2 inner, bat sending out, emission,
interior, inward, inmost, intrinsic; hidden, dispatching, delegation, etc.; resurrection;
secret; coastal plain of E Oman; pl. but delegations, deputations
binan inwardly, secretly b. izb al-b. approx.: Renaissance
al-kaff palm of the hand; b. al- Party, a political party with strong
qadam sole of the foot; at socialist tendencies; Day of
bottom, after all, really; the Resurrection (from the dead)
factors, circumstances or reasons at the
bata pl. baatt delegation,
bottom of s.th.; b. al-ar the deputation, mission; expedition; student
secret depths of the earth exchange; group of exchange students;
bin internal revival, rebirth, renaissance, rise
(mara) internal disease; ( ibb) ( askarya) military mission;
internal medicine diplomatic mission;
(atarya) archaeological expedition;
al-binya name of a school of
thought in Islam, characterized by ras al-b. chief of mission (dipl.)
 bt Easter (Chr.)
mabat sending, forwarding,
dispatch; emission; awakening, arousal; --
(pl. mabit2) cause; factor
bit pl. bawit2 incentive,
inducement, motive, spur, reason, cause,
occasion
mabt dispatched, delegated;
envoy, delegate; representative, deputy (in
the Ottoman Empire)
munbaat source, point of origin
batara ( batara) to scatter, strew
around, fling about ( s.th.); to disarrange,
throw into disorder ( s.th.); to squander,
waste, dissipate ( s.th.) II tabatara pass.
mubatar scattered, widespread
baaja a (baj) to slit open ( the belly); to
groove, dent, notch ( s.th.) VII to have
indentations or notches; to be bruised,
dented, bumpy; to get battered
munbaij notched, indented
bauda u (bu'd) to be distant, far away, far
off; to keep away, keep ones distance (
from); to go far beyond (), exceed by
far ( s.th.); to be remote, improbable,
unlikely he kept him away from;
it is not unlikely that ... II to
remove ( s.o.); to banish, exile, expatriate
( s.o.) III to cause a separation (
between) to prevent
s.o. from attaining s.th.;
(ajfnih) to stare wide-eyed IV to remove
( s.th.); to take away ( s.th.); to
eliminate ( s.th.), do away with ( ;)to
send away, dismiss ( s.o.); to expatriate,
banish, exile ( s.o.); to exclude, make
unlikely, improbable, impossible ( s.th.);
to go or move far away; to go very far (
in or with s.th.) VI to be separated, lie
apart, lie at some distance from one
another; to separate, part company,
become estranged; to move away, go
away, withdraw, depart ( from); to keep intervals VIII to move or go away; to keep
away, keep ones distance ( from); to away, withdraw ( from); to quit, leave,
quit, leave, avoid ( s.th.); to follow in avoid ( s.th.); to leave out of
regular 65 consideration, disregard ( s.th.) X to
single out, set aside ( s.th.); to think
remote, farfetched ( s.th.); to regard as
unlikely ( s.th.); to disqualify ( s.o.)
 bud remoteness, farness; (pl. bu'aida (prep.) shortly after, soon
abd) distance; dimension; interval after
(mus.) and in the distance,
abad2 pl. abd2 farther,
far off; at a distance of 100 remoter, more distant; more extensive;
meters; and from a distance, less likely, more improbable; pl.
from afar; three-dimensional; abd2 very distant relative
qiys al-a. linear measure; (arq) the Far East; the absent one
b. al-himma high aspirations, (used as a polite periphrasis for s.o. who is
loftiness of purpose; b. a-iqqa being criticized or blamed for s.th.; also
wide interval, wide gap; b. a-t when referring to the 1st and 2nd persons)
renown, fame, celebrity; b. a-
aut do.; b. an-naar far abadya pl. -t country estate
sightedness, foresight; budan li away tabd banishment
with ... !
bid distance
badu then, thereupon; afterwards,
later, after that, in the following; still, mubada sowing of dissension,
yet afterwards, later; see 1 estrangement, alienation
he is only a small boy, be is ibd removal, separation, isolation;
still young; ( yati) he hasnt come elimination; expatriation, banishment,
yet deportation
bada (prep.) after; in addition to, tabud interdistance; mutual
beside; aside from ... (kaunih) estrangement
aside from the fact that he is ... ;
afterwards, after that, later (on); besides, mubad deported; deportee
moreover; besides, moreover; mutabid separate
bada an (conj.) after; ( id), and ( fatart) in wide intervals;
( badi) do.; ( safahun) ( zaman) at infrequent
the height of stupidity intervals, from time to time
badaidin then, thereafter, mustabad improbable, unlikely
thereupon, after that, afterwards 66
bad pl. buad, buud, 1
bar, baar, droppings, dung (of animals)
badn, bid distant, far away, 2
bar pl. abira, buran,
fur (or from); remote, outlying, out-of-the-
abir2, barn2 camel
way; far-reaching, extensive; farfetched,
improbable, unlikely; unusual, strange, bazaqa ( bazaqa) to scatter,
odd, queer; incompatible, inconsistent ( dissipate, squander, waste ( s.th.)
with) from afar, from a distance; muba'ziq squanderer, spendthrift,
( ahd) along time ago; wastrel
b. al-atar of far-reaching consequence;
remote in time, going way back in II to divide into parts or portions ( s.th.)
history, ancient; b. a-aw high- V to be divided, be divisible
minded, bold; b. a-iqqa far ba part, portion; one; some, a
apart; b. al-gaur deep; few; a little of, some of b.
unfathomable; b. al-mad long- al-ulam one (or Borne) of the scholars;
distance, long-range; extensive, far- ( rafana) we have
reaching; b. an-naar farsighted; exalted some of them above the others;
farseeing; b. al-manl hardly somesome, a few
attainable, hard to get at; to go far others; one another, each other,
away, go to distant land.; to mutually, reciprocally; one in
look off into the distance the other, within one another;
baa -ai to some extent, somewhat, a
 little, rather; ( baa l-m.)
he resembled him somewhat, to some
extent; ( qarn) for the last
hundred years and more
ba (n. un. )gnats, mosquitoes
tab division, partition.
portioning
bukka club, society
bal the god Baal; land or plants thriving
on natural water supply; -- (pl. bu,
bula) lord; husband
ba'w wife
bal, unirrigated (land. plants)
balbakk2 Baalbek (ancient Heliopolis,
village in E Lebanon)
bagata a (bagt, bagta) to come
unexpectedly, descend unawares ( upon
s.o.) III do.; to surprise (. s.o.) VII to be
taken by surprise; to be taken aback, be
aghast, he nonplused
bagta surprising event, surprise;
bagtatan, bagtatin all of a sudden,
suddenly, surprisingly
mubgata sudden arrival,
surprising incident or event, surprise;
sudden attack, raid
bugt pl. bigtan small birds
see
II tabagdada to swagger, throw one's
weight around, be fresh (properly, to
behave like one from Baghdad)
2
bagdd Baghdad
bagdd pl. -n, bagdida a effort
native of Baghdad
1
bagaa a: ( samu) there was
a light shower
baga light rain shower
2
buga =
3
baga stuffed pastry made of flour,
eggs and butter
bagia a, bagua u (bug, baga)
to be hated, hateful, odious II to make (
s.o.) hateful ( to s.o.) III to loathe,
detest, hate ( s.o.) IV to loathe, detest,
hate ( s.o.) VI to hate each other
bug, biga and
bag2 hatred, hate
bag, hateful, odious ( to s.o.),
loathsome, abominable
tabgu mutual hatred
mabg detested, hateful, odious
mubgi pl. -n hater; -- mubga
detested, hateful, odious
bagl pl. bigl, abgal mule;
bagla pl. bagalt female mule
b. al-qanara the piers of the bridge
baggl pl. -n mule driver, muleteer
67
bag i ( bug) to seek, desire, covet,
seek to attain ( s.th.), wish for s.th. (;)
-- (bagy) to wrong, treat unjustly ( s.o.)
, to oppress ( s.o.), commit outrage (
upon); to whore, fornicate VII it
is desirable, necessary; it is proper,
appropriate, seemly, it ought to be, should
be; with : it behooves him, with : he
must, he should, he ought to VIII to seek,
desire ( s.th.), aspire ( to s.th.), strive (
for)
bagy infringement, outrage,
injustice, wrong
bagy pl. bagy whore,
prostitute
bugya object of desire, wish, desire,
bugyata (prep.) with the aim of, for the
purpose of
big prostitution
bug wish(ing), desire, endeavor,
mabgan pl. mabgin brothel
mabgin coveted things, desiderata,
wishes, desires
ibtig desire, wish; ibtiga
(prep.) for the purpose of
bgin pl. bugh desiring,
coveting, striving; committing outrages,
oppressive, unjust; oppressor, tyrant
mubtagan aspired goal, aspiration,
desire, endeavor, effort
bafta calico, Indian cotton cloth
 biftk beefsteak baqql pl. -n baqqla
1
baqq (n. un. )bedbug, chinch greengrocer; grocer
elm (bol.) biqla the grocery business
2
baqqa u (baqq) to give off in abundance baqlwa, a kind of Turkish delight,
baqqq garrulous, loquacious, pastry made of puff paste with honey and
almonds or pistachios
chatterbox, prattler
baqbaqa ( baqbaqa) to gurgle, bubble, baqqm brazilwood
splutter, purl (water); to chatter, prattle baqiya a ( baq) to remain, stay,
continue to be ( in a state or condition);
baqbq garrulous, loquacious,
to keep up, maintain ( a state or
chatterbox, prattler
condition); to be left behind, be left over;
baqbqa blister (of the skin) to last, continue, go on; (with foll. imperf.
buqja pl. buqaj bundle, pack, package or part.) to continue to do s.th., keep doing
s.th.; to become( yabqa iflan)
baqdnis, baqdnas parsley he is no longer a child II to leave, leave
baqara u to split open, rip open, cut open ( over, leave behind ( s.th.) IV to make (
s.th.) IV do. s.o.) stay; to retain, leave unchanged,
leave as it is, preserve, maintain, keep up (
baqar (coll.) bovines, cattle; n. un. s.th.); to leave, leave over, leave behind
baqara pl. -t cow ( s.th. s.o.); to leave untouched, save,
baqar bovine, cattle-, cow- (in spare ( s.o., s.th., e.g., s.o.s life) V to
compounds) remain, stay, continue to be ( in a state
or condition); to be left, be left over X to
baqqr pl. cowhand, cowboy
make stay, ask to stay, hold back, detain (
baqs box, boxwood (bot.) s.o.); to spare, save, protect ( s.o.,
buqsumt rusk, zwieback; biscuit s.th.); to preserve ( s.th.); to retain, keep
( s.th.); to store, put away ( s.th.)
buqa Yemenite copper coin
baqya pl. baqy remainder,
baq pl. baq2 present of rest; remnant, residue b. ad-
money; tip, gratuity, baksheesh duwal the remaining countries, the rest of
II to spot, stain, smudge; ( s.th.) V to the countries; ( bqiya) the last
become stained, get smudged; to be remnant
spotted, stained baq remaining, staying, lingering,
buqa pl. buqa, biq spot, abiding; continuation, continuance,
blot, smudge, stain; place, spot, site, plot. duration; survival, continuation of
patch, lot existence after life; immortality, eternal
life; existence; permanence the
abqa2 spotted, speckled hereafter
bqia pl. bawqi sly dog, abq more lasting. more durable.
shrewd fellow more permanent; better preserving;
baqala u (baql) to sprout (plant) conducive to longer wear. better
protecting
baql (coll.; n. un. )pl. buql,
abql herbs, potherbs, greens, herbaceous ibq continuation, retention;
plants, specif., legumes the maintenance, conservation, preservation
Leguminosae; hyacinth bean maintenance of the
(Dolichos lablab L.), ( amq) status quo
purslane (bot.), ( dahabya) istibq continuation, retention;
garden orach (bot.), maintenance, conservation, preservation
celandine (bot.), b. al-malik
common fumitory (bot.) 68
 bqin staying; remaining; left; bakra: al bakrati
remainder (arith.); lasting, continuing, abhim, and all
permanent, unending; surviving; living without exception, all of them, all
on; everlasting, eternal (God) together; the crowd
the good works went forth as one man
mutabaqqin residue, remnant, bukra pl. bukar early morning;
remainder, rest bukratan early in the morning;
tomorrow; on the following day, next day
b (Eg. pronunciation) pl. bakawt,
bahawt bey (title of courtesy; cf. bakr coming early; early,
) premature; precocious
bekawya rank of a bey bakr and bkr coming early;
early, premature; precocious
bak pl. bik having or giving little,
sparing (e.g., of words) bukr earliness, prematureness,
premature arrival ( aud)
biksn bcassine, snipe (zool.)
my early return
( Fr. baccalaurat) baklriy
bakara virginity
baccalaureate, bachelors degree
bakkra pulley (mech.)
baklriys bachelor (academic
(murakkaba) set of pulleys, block and
degree)
tackle
( Turk. binba) bimb, bikb major
bukra and bukrya
(mil; formerly, Eg.)
primogeniture
to censure, blame ( s.o.)
bakra pl. bawkr2
tabkt blame, reproach firstlings; first results, first fruits;
remorse beginning, rise, dawn; (with foll. genit.)
baktr bacterial, caused by bacteria initial, early, first; pl. first signs or
indications; initial symptoms; heralds,
baktriy bacteria harbingers (fig.) early fruit;
bakara u to set out early in the morning, the first thing he did was...
get up early; to come early ( to), be abkar2 rising earlier
early ( at) II do.; and with
foll. verbal noun: to do s.th. early, mibkr precocious
prematurely, ahead of its time III to be ibtikr pl. -t novelty, innovation;
ahead of s.o. (), anticipate, forestall ( creation; invention; origination, first
s.o.) IV = I; VIII to be the first to take ( production; initiative; creativity,
s.th.), be the first to embark ( on originality; pl. specif., creations of
s.th.); to deflower ( a girl): to invent ( fashion, fashion designs
s.th.); to create, originate, start ( s.th.)
bkir early; premature; bkiran
bakr pl. abkur, bukrn in the morning; early (adv.)
young camel ( ab) early in the morning;
bikr pl. abkr first-born, eldest; till tomorrow
firstling: unprecedented, novel, new; bkira pl. bawkir2 firstlings,
virgin; virginal first produce, early fruits, early
bikr first-born, first vegetables; pl. first indications or
symptoms, heralds, harbingers
bikrya primogeniture
mubakkir doing early; early;
bakra and bakara pl. bakar, -t mubakkiran early in the morning, early
reel; pulley (mech.); spool, coil; winch,
windlass ai b. thread mubtakir creator; creative;
inventor; -- mubtakar newly created,
 novel, new, original; (pl. -t) creation,
specif., fashion creation, invention
( taub) original design, model. dress
creation
bakraj pl. bakrij2 kettle, coffee pot
, see balal moisture, humidity; moistness,
II to buckle, buckle up, button up ( s.th.);
to fold, cross ( the arms)
bukla pl. bukal, -t buckle
( It. baccal) bakalh codfish
bakalriys bachelor (academic
degree)
bakima a to be dumb: -- bakuma u to be
silent, hold ones tongue IV to silence (
s.o.) V to become silent; to become dumb
bakam dumbness
abkam2, f. bakm, pl. bukm bill (from Fr. bille): ( kurs) ball
dumb 70
and see
bak i ( buk, bukan) to cry, weep
( over); to bemoan, lament, bewail (
s.o.), mourn ( for) II and IV to make (
s.o.) cry X to move ( s.o.) to tears, make (
s.o.) cry
bakk given to weeping frequently,
tearful, lachrymose
i al-mabk the Wailing ( Engl. plug) spark plug (ir.)
Wall (in Jerusalem)
bkiya pl. bawkin wailing-
woman, hired mourner; (eg.) arch, arcade
bkin pl. bukh weeping, crying;
weeper, wailer, mourner
mubkin, mubakkin, causing tears,
tearful; sad, lamentable, deplorable
bikn Peking
1
bal (also with foll. wa-) nay, --rather... ;
(and) even; but, however, yet
2
balla u (ball) to moisten, wet, make wet (
s.th., s.o.);--balla i to recover (
from an illness) II to moisten, wet, make
wet ( s.th., s.o.) IV to recover (
from an illness) V and VIII to be
moistened, be wetted; to become wet
ball moistening, wetting; moisture
bill recovery, convalescence,
recuperation
billa moisture, humidity
m zlda -na billatan what made
things even worse ...
dampness, wetness
ball a moist, cool wind
balla (eg.) dish made of stewed
maize and sugar
ibll recovery, convalescence,
recuperation
taballul moistness, dampness,
humidity
mabll, muballal, mubtall
moist, damp, wet
3
bearing
see 2
blt., pltn platinum
( Fr. plage) bl beach
balagr pellagra
balraj stork
( Fr. p1astique) blstk plastik
see
, see
balbaa to gurgle
1
balbala to disquiet, make uneasy or
restive, stir up, rouse, disturb, trouble,
confuse ( s.o., s.th.) II tabalbala to feel
uneasy, be anxious; to be or become
confused, get all mixed up
balbala pl. balbil2 anxiety,
uneasiness, concern; confusion, muddle,
jumble, chaos
balbl anxiety, uneasiness, concern
balabil2 anxieties, apprehensions
tabalbul muddle, confusion
t. al-alsina confusion of tongues (at
the tower of Babel)
2
bulbul pl. balabil2 nightingale
 balaja u ( bulj) to shine; to dawn
(morning, aurora); -- balija a (balaj) to be
happy, be glad ( about), be delighted (
at) IV to shine (sun) V and VII = balaja
ablaj2 gay, serene, bright, clear, fair,
nice, beautiful
inbilj al-fajr daybreak
beljka Belgium
beljk Belgian (adj. and n.)
bala (coll.; n. un. )dates (bot.)
baluda u ( balada) to be stupid, idiotic,
dull-witted II to acclimatize, habituate (
s.th., to a country or region) V pass. of II;
to become .tupid, be.otted, lapse into a
state of idiocy; to show o.s. from the
stupid side VI to feign stupidity
balad m. and f., pl. bild country;
town, city; place, community, village;
country; buldn countries ( malak) the royal court;
b. al-aba Ethiopia; b. a-n
China; b. al-hind India
balda town, city; place, community,
village; rural community; township
balad native, indigenous, home (as
opposed to foreign, alien); (fellow)
citizen, compatriot, countryman; a native;
communal, municipal ( majlis) 3
city council, local council
baladya pl. -t township,
community, rural community; ward,
district (of a city); municipality, municipal
council, local authority
2
bald and ablad stupid, doltish, 5
dull-witted, idiotic
balda stupidity, silliness
taballud idiocy, dullness, obtuseness,
apathy
mutaballid besotted, dull, stupid
look up alphabetically
pl. look up alphabetically made of cornstarch, lemon juice and
ba1asn balsam, balm; balsam tree; black
older (bot.)
balsam pl. balsim2 balsam, balm
balsam balsamic, balmy
balafa to Bolshevize II tabalafa to be
Bolshevized
balafa Bolshevization
bulif pl. balifa
Bolshevist(ic); Bolshevik, Bolshevist
bulifya Bolshevism
balan heron (zool.)
1
balaa u (bal) and II to extort wring
forcibly ( from s.o. s.th.); to blackmail
( s.o.)
bal extortion, blackmail; forcible
imposition of taxes
2
ball pl. ball2 (eg.)
earthenware jar
1
II to pave ( s.th., with flagstones or tiles)
bal pavement, tiled floor; floor
tiles; palace; pl. ablia floor tiles
idd al-b. court mourning
bala floor tile; flagstone,
slabstone; paving stone
tabl paving, tile-laying
muballa paved, tiled
2
ball oak; acorn
balta pl. -t, bula ax
balaj pl. -ya engineer, sapper,
pioneer (mil.); gangster; procurer,
panderer, pimp; sponger, hanger-on,
parasite
4
balaa balata gum
( Fr. paletot) bal pl. t, bal
paletot, overcoat
6
bul bolti (Tilapia nilotica), a food fish
of the Nile
al-.balq the Baltic countries
bar al-b. the Baltic Sea
bla hand pres.; (eg.) a kind of cream
honey, or the like
balaa and balia a (bal) to swallow,
swallow up ( s.th.); to gulp down (
s.th.); to put up ( with s.th.), swallow,
stomach, brook ( s.th.) ( rqah)
lit.: to swallow ones saliva, i.e., to catch
 ones breath, take a little rest, have a III to exaggerate ( in s.th.); to overdo.
break; to restrain o.s., hold back (said of do too long ( s.th.); to go to greatest
one in a rage) II and IV to make ( s.o.) lengths, do ones utmost ( in) IV to
swallow ( s.th.) ( rqah) to make ( s.o., s.th.) reach or attain (
grant s.o. a short rest VIII = I s.th.); to make ( s.th.) amount ( to),
raise ( an amount, a salary, to); to
bala large bite, big gulp
inform, notify ( or s.o. of s.th.), tell,
balla, balla pl. t, let know ( or s.o. about); to
ba1l2 sink, drain announce, state, disclose ( s.th.); to
bla pl. t, bawl2 inform ( against s.o.), report, denounce
sewer, sink, drain ( s.o.) to report s.th. to the
police V to content o.s., be content (
bulum pl. balim2 and bulm with); to eke out an existence; to still
pl. balm2 pharynx (anat.); ones hunger ( with), eat ( s.th.): to b.
gullet, esophagus (anat.) delivered, be transmitted
1
balaga u ( bulg) to reach ( s.o. saman l balgan! may it be
s.th.), get ( to), arrive ( at); to come, heard but not fulfilled, i.e. God forbid!
amount ( to), be worth ( so and so (used at the mention of s.th. unpleasant)
much); to come to s.o.s ( )ears; to attain
puberty (boy); to ripen, mature (fruit, or bulga and balg sufficiency,
the like); to come of age; to exhaust, wear competency, adequacy (see also 2
out ( s.o.); to act ( upon s.o.), have its below)
effect ( on), affect ( s.o.); to go far ( balg pl. -t communication,
in s.th.), attain a high degree ( information, message, report;
of s.th.) to make s.o. or s.th. get announcement, proclamation;
to or arrive at, lead or take s.o. or s.th. to, communiqu; statement; notification (of
get s.o. or s.th. to the point where, the police) ultimatum
( tarannu) he began to reel so
balg pl. bulag eloquent;
violently that ... ; ( mablaga
intense, lasting, deep, profound (e.g., an
l-jidd) the matter became serious;
impression); serious, grave (e.g., an
b. s-sailu z-zub the matter reached a
injury)
climax, things came to a head;
( mablaga r-rijl) to be sexually bulg reaching, attainment, arrival
mature, attain manhood, come of age; (at); maturity, legal majority
( auddah) to attain full maturity, balga eloquence; art, of good
come of age; to reach its climax; style, art of composition; literature
( mablagan) to attain a high ilm al-b. rhetoric
degree of s.th.;
(na, dikrayt, mablaga) when I had ablag2 intenser, deeper, more lasting;
come to this point in my reminiscences; more serious, graver
( kulla mablagin) to work havoc mablag pl. mablig2 amount,
on s.o.; ( muntahh) to reach its sum of money; extent, scope, range; (see
climax, come to a head II to make ( s.o.) also examples under I) ( ism)
reach or attain ( s.th.); to take bring ( nominal par; ( mdaa) the
s.th. to s.o.) see that s.th. ( )gets ( deposits (at a bank);
to); to convey, transmit, impart, (li-yatabayyana, qaul, jidd) in order to
communicate, report ( to s.o. s.th.); to find, out to what extent my words were
inform, notify ( s.o. of s.th.), tell, let meant seriously
know ( s.o. about); to report ( about),
give an account of ( ;)to inform ( tablg pl. -t conveyance,
against s.o.), report, denounce ( s.o.) transmission, delivery ( to s.o.);
to fulfill a mission, information ( about); report,
ballighu salm give him my best regards! notification ( of); communication,
 announcement, notice baliha a to be stupid, simple-minded VI to
credentials
mubalaga pl. -t exaggeration
iblg conveyance, transmission
blig extensive, far-reaching;
considerable; serious (wound), deep,
profound, violent, vehement (feelings),
strong, intense; mature; of age, legally
major
muballig bearer (of news),
messenger; informer, denouncer; detective
2
bulga, balga pl. -t, bulag slipper of
yellow leather
bulgriy Bulgaria
bugr Bulgarian (adj. and n.)
balgam phlegm; (pl. balagim )
expectoration, sputum
balgam phlegmatic; phlegmy,
mucous
balafa i (balf) to bluff II do.
balf, balfa bluff
ablaq2 piebald
bilqs2 Muslim name of the Queen of
Sheba
al-balqn the Balkans
balqn Balkan
balqa and balqaa pl. balqi2 consideration, take into account ( or
wasteland
see
balkn balcony
1 IV to try, test, put to the test ( s.o.); to
balam anchovy
2
balam pl. ablm sailing barge (ir.)
3
IV to be silent, hold one's tongue
balln bathhouse attendant; name of a
plant growing near stagnant waters
ballna female bathhouse attendant;
lady's maid
balansiya2 Valencia (region and city in E
Spain)
pl. look up alphabetically
feign foolishness, pretend to be stupid X
to deem ( s.o.) stupid or simple-minded
balah and balha stupidity,
foolishness, simple-mindedness; idiocy,
imbecility( mubakkira)
dementia praecox
balha let alone, not to speak of, not to
mention
ablah2 stupid, doltish, dull-witted;
idiotic
bilkarsiy bilharziasis, schistosomiasis
(med.)
bulahniya abundance, wealth, variety (of
earthly possessions)
1
see
2
2
bulhn pl. balhn2 (=
eg.) sphinx
( and ( bal u (balw, bal) to test,
try, put to the test ( s.o., s.tb.); to know
from long experience ( s.th.); to afltict (
s.o.); -- baliya a ( bilan, bal)
to be or become old, worn, shabby
(clothes); to dwindle away, vanish; to
deteriorate, decline, become decrepit; to
disintegrate (a corpse), decay, rot, spoil III
to care, be concerned ( or , about), be
mindful ( or , of s.o., of s.th.); to pay
attention ( or to), mind, heed, take into
s.th.); to take notice ( of) m
ubl, I dont care! I dont mind! it's
all right with me! ( as a relat. clause)
unconcerned, heedless, careless, reckless
make experienced, harden, inure ( s.o.;
said of trials, experiences); to work havoc
( on s.th.); to wear out ( s.th.)
( balan asanan) to stand the test; to
prove o.s. brave (in war) VIII to try,
tempt, put to the test ( s.o.); to afflict (
s.o. with), visit ( on s.o. s.th.); pass.
ubtuliya to become or be afflicted ( with,
by), suffer ( from)
bilan decline, deterioration; decay,
putrefaction, decomposition; worn
condition; wear; shabbiness
 baly worn, old, shabby, threadbare;
decrepit, dilapidated, decaying,
decomposed, rotten
balya pl. baly trial, balln balloon
tribulation, visitation, affliction, distress,
misfortune, calamity
bal trial. tribulation, visitation,
affliction, distress, misfortune; scourge,
plague; creditable performance, bravery,
gallantry, heroic action( asan)
favor, blessing, grace (of God); good
performance
balw trial; tribulation, visitation,
affliction, distress, misfortune, calamity;
necessity, need( ammat) it has 2
become a general necessity
mublh consideration, regard,
heed, attention l-mublh bamm lowest string of a musical instrument
indifference, unconcern, carelessness
ibtil trial, tribulation, affliction,
visitation
( Turk. blk) bulk pl. -t company (mil.;
Eg.) b. amn (mil.) approx.:
quartermaster sergeant (formerly, Eg.)
1
bal yes, yes indeed, certainly, surely
2
baliya etc., see
( It. paglaccio) palyat clown, buffoon
( It. bigliardo) bilyard billiards
bilsh pliss, pleating
1
balln pl. balln2 pallium, liturgical
vestment of a bishop worn over the
chasuble (Chr.); monk's robe (Copt.Chr.)
balyn pl. balayn (U.S.) billion,
(G.B.) milliard; (U.S.) trillion, (G.B.)
billion
bumbg, bumbga bow tie
bomby Bombay

blin old, worn, worn out; shabby, look up alphabetically

threadbare, ragged, tattered; decrepit, 1
V to adopt as son ( s.o.); to adopt.
dilapidated; decayed, rotten; obsolete, embrace ( s.th.)
antiquated
ibn pl. abn, bann son;
mublin observant, heedful, mindful descendant. scion; offspring, son (of a
( of) heedless of nation or people) pl. ( son of
mubtalan (less correctly Adam) man, human being; ibn w
mubtalin) afflicted ( with, by), suffering jackal; ibn a1-balad local
( from) inhabitant, native; natives, native
population; ibn al-arb warrior;
II tabalwara to crystalize; to be soldier; warlike, bellicose;
crystalized; to be covered with crystals wayfarer, wanderer; years
ballr, billaur pl. -t crystal; crystal old; ibn satih temporal,
glass, flint glass, glassO transient, passing; ibn ulbih his
(ar) rock crystal, transparent quartz own son; ibn irs weasel;
ban m as-sam the Arsbs;
billaura (n. un.) pl. -t crystal; Beni Suef (city in Egypt, S of Cairo)
crystal glass, flint glass, glass; tube
(radio); crystal, quartz plate (of a ibna and bint pl. bant
detector; radio); (syr., pronounced daughter; girl i. al-amm
ballra) negative (phot.) (female) cousin; periphrastically for wife:
your wife; b. a1-fikr pl.
ballr, billaur crystalline; crystal thought, idea; b. a1-
(adj.) ar insects and worms; b. bis
ballrya, billaurya pl. -t lense calamities, afflictions; b. ad-dahr
(opt.) do.; b. a-afa word; b.
a-adr worries, fears, anxieties;
mubalwar: candied b. wardna earth worms, rainworms
fruits 75
bunaiya my little son
( Fr. blouse) blz, blza pl. t blouse
 bunuwwa sonship, filiation bundq pl. bandq2 bastard
banawi filial banadra (syr.; from It. pomodoro)
tomatoes
tabannin adoption (also fig., e.g. of
ideas, principles, etc.) amar2 banadr tomato-red
2
bunn coffee beans, coffee ( Fr. pendule) bandl pendulum
bunn coffee-colored, brown ( Span. bandera) bandra pl.
banadir2 pennon, flag, banner
bann finger tips ( yuru
lit.: he is pointed at with fingers, i.e., he is bannr (= ballr) glass
famous man; an taua banzahr bezoar, bezoar stone
bannika I am at your disposal, I am at
your service banzn, benzn gasoline, benzine
bandra (syr.; from It. pomodoro) ( Engl.) pence
tomato(es) benisiln penicillin
2
banris Banaras or Benares (the Holy ( Fr. pense) banh pansy (bot.)
City of the Hindus, in N India)
bansiyn pl. -t boardinghouse;
see boarding school
see 1 binir f., pl. bansir2 ring finger
bint napoleon, louis d'or (gold coin of 20 bun pl. bun point (stock market)
francs)
banaln (from It. pantaloni) pl. t
II to dope, narcoticize (with banj; s.o.); to trousers, pants
anesthetize (. s.o.)
bangz Bengasi (city in NE Libya,
banj henbane (Hyoscyamus niger; capital of Cyrenaica)
bot); an anesthetic, a narcotic
al-bangl Bengal (region, NE Indian
al-banjb the Punjab (region, NW subcontinent)
Indian subcontinent)
banafsaj (coll.; n. un. )violet (bot.)
banjar red beet (eg.)
banafsaj violetlike, violetish;
band pl. bund article, clause,
paragraph (of a. la.w, contract, etc.); violet (adj.) or
banner; large body of troops ultraviolet
bandar pl. bandir2 seaport; banfa, banaf amethyst (min.)
commercial center; district capital (Eg.); binaqa and banqa gore, gusset (of a
see also under below shirt or garment)
abbs Bandar Abbas (seaport in S Iran) 1
bunk root, core, heart, best part
look up alphabetically b. al-umr the prime of life, the best years
bunduq (coll.; n. un. )pl. bandiq2 2
bank pl. bunk bank, banking house
hazelnut(s), filberts; hazel, hazel tree; credit bank; deposit
hazelnut, filbert; bullet bank; b. ad-dam blood bank;
bunduq Venetian sequin ( daul) the World Bank
3
bunduqya pl. bandiq2 rifle, mubannak stranded
gun b. ra shotgun 4
muannak mubannak shrewd, sly,
al.bunduqya Venice astute
bunduqani pl. -n, bandiqa ( Engl.) banknt banknote
a Venitian and see 1
( Fr. baignoire) banwr baignoire, theater ( It. bagno) bany batb, bathtub
box of the lowest tier
bahita a, bahuta u and pass. buhita (baht)
1
bana i ( bin, bunyn) and VIII to to be astonished, amazed, bewildered,
build, erect, construct, set up ( s.th.); to startled, perplexed, flabbergasted,
build, establish, rest ( s.th. on); to speechless; -- bahita to be or become pale,
consummate the marriage ( and fade (color); -- bahata a to astonish,
with a woman); pass. buniya, ubtuniya to amaze, bewilder, startle, stagger,
be based, be built, rest ( on) flabbergast ( s.o.); ( buhtn) to
( kalimalan) to give a word an slander, defame ( s.o.) III to come or
indeclinable ending in (a certain vowel or descend unexpectedly ( upon s.o.); to
a vowelless consonant; gram.) V see 1 startle, stagger, flabbergast ( s.o.) IV to
surprise, astonish, amaze ( s.o.) VII = I
bin building, construction,
erection, setting up; structure (also, e.g., buht and buhtn slander, false
of an organism), setup, make-up; (pl. accusation; lie, untruth
abniya) building, structure, edifice bahta perplexity, amazement,
idat al-b. reconstruction; bewilderment, stupefaction
(urr) Freemaaonry; binan al
according to, in accordance with, on the bhit pale, pallid, faded (color);
basis of, by virtue of, on the strength of; perplexed, aghast
accordingly, thus mabht perplexed, astonished,
bin constructional, building amazed, startled, flabbergasted, aghast
(used attributively); architectural; bahija a to be glad, he bappy ( about),
structural he delighted ( at); -- bahuja u to be
binya, bunya pl. binan, bunan beautiful, look wonderful IV to gladden,
structure, setup, make-up; binya build, delight, make happy ( s.o.) VIII to be
frame, physique, physical constitution glad, be happy ( about), be delighted (
of delicate constitution; at)
and of sound constitution, bahja splendor, magnificence,
healthy; qawy al-b. husky, sturdy beauty, resplendence; joy, delight
bann pl. -n builder; mason; delight of the eyes, welcome sight
constructive ( urr) Freemason bahij, bahj magnificent,
binya pl. -t building, structure, splendid, beautiful; happy, joyous;
edifice delightful
bunyn building, construction, mabhaja a moment of happiness
erection, setting up; building, structure, and joy
edifice; physique, stature mabhij joys, delights; pleasures,
mabnan pl. mabnin building, amusements, diversions; splendid things;
construction, erection, setting up; splendor, pomp, magnificence
building, structure. edifice; form; ibtihj joy, rejoicing, delight ( at)
foundation, fundament, basis
( ray) content and form mubhij pleasant, charming,
delightful
tabannin see 1
mubtahij happy, glad, delighted
bnin pl. bunh builder
bahdala to insult ( s.o.); to treat
mabny built, set up. erected; contemptuously, meanly ( s.o.); to expose
founded, based, resting ( on); fixed, ( s.o.) to ridicule, make a laughingstock (
established; indeclinable; ending of s.o.) II tabahdala pass. of I
indeclinably ( in; gram.)
2
bahdala insult, affront, abuse,
( Engl.) penny outrage; meanness; triteness, insipidity
 mubahdal maltreated, oppressed,
miserable
bahara a (bahr) and IV to glitter, shine; to
dazzle, overwhelm ( s.o., s.o.s eyes)
a dazzling, overwhelming eruption, tetter; vitiligo alba, a mild form
thing; -- pass. buhira to be out of breath,
to pant VII to be dazzled, blinded; to be
smitten with blindness; to. be out of breath
VIII to flaunt, parade, show off, present in
a dazzling light ( s.th.)
bahr deception, dazzlement ( by)
buhr difficult respiration, labored
breathing
bahra (n. vic.) being dazzled,
dazzlement
buhra middle, center ...
amidst
abhar2 more brilliant, more
magnificent
abhar2 aorta (anat.)
bahr pl. -t spice
ibtihr dazzling display, show ( IV to make obscure, dubious, unintelligible
of s.th.)
bhir dazzling, brilliant, splendid
mabhr breathless, out of breath,
panting
bahraja ( bahraja) to adorn, deck
out, dress up showily; to give a deceptive
brightness ( to); to glamorize ( s.th.); to
reject as false ( a witness); to fake,
counterfeit ( s.th.) II tabahraja to adorn
o.s., spruce o.s. up, dress up; to be fake
bahraj false, spurious, fake, sham,
worthless, bad; counterfeit money; tinsel,
frippery, cheap finery; trash, cheap stuff
bahraja empty show, hollow
pomp
bahrajan tinsel, frippery
mubahraj showy, tawdry, gaudy,
ornate, ostentatious; trashy, rubbishy,
cheap, inartistic
bahrz (eg.) a soup
bahaza a (bahz) to oppress weigh down (
s.o.; a load, work), weigh heavily ( on
s.o.) IV do.
bhi heavy, oppressive, trying;
excessive, exorbitant, enormous;
expensive, costly
bahaq a kind of lichen (bot.); herpetic
of leprosy (med.)
bahala a (bahl) to curse ( s.o.) V and VI
to curse one another VIII to supplicate,
pray humbly (to God)
abhal savin (Juniperus sabina; bot.)
ibtihl supplication, prayer
bhil pl. buhl, buhhal free,
independent
buhll, bahll pl. bahll2 buffoon,
jester, clown, fool
bahlawn pl. -t, -ya acrobat, tumbler,
equilibrist, ropedancer, tightrope walker
bahlawn acrobatic
( arakt) acrobatics; antics, capers
of a tumbler; ( ayarn) aerial
acrobatics, stunt flying
( s.th.) V and X to be obscure,
ambiguous, unintelligible ( to s.o.)
bahma lamb, sheep
bahm pl. buhum jet-black
bahma pl. bahim beast,
animal, quadruped; pl. livestock, cattle,
(large) domestic animals
bahm animal, bestial, brutish
bahmya brutishness, bestiality,
brutality
ibhm obscurity; vagueness,
ambiguity
ibhm pl. abhm2 thumb; big
toe
bhim big toe
mubham obscure, dark, cryptic,
doubtful, vague, ambiguous
(adad) abstract number (math.); O
( aab) the vagus (anat.);
(ism) the demonstrative pronoun (gram.)
1
( ( bah u, bahuwa u and bahiya a (
bah) to be beautiful III to vie,
compete ( with s.o. in s.th.); to pride
 o.s. ( on) be proud ( of), boast ( of, the Sublime Porte; b. al-
to s.o. of s.th.) VI to compete with one mandab Bab el Mandeb (strait between
another; to be proud ( of), pride o.s. ( SW Arabia and Africa; geogr.);
on) near, imminent; to open up a
new way, a new possibility; futia
bahw pl. abh hall; parlor,
bb ... was (were) begun, ... got under
drawing room, reception hall
way; ( qafala) to put an end to
bahy beautiful, magnificent, s.th., terminate, close s.th.; ( b.
splendid; brilliant, radiant, shining il-fal) as a favor; ( aul) with
bah beauty, magnificence, all the more reason, the more so;
splendor; brilliancy about this matter, about this;
( b. i-arra) it is necessary
bah Bahai (adj.); (pl. -n) an that ... ; ( b. i-udfa)
adherent of the Bahai sect, a Bahai thats no coincidence; or
abh more splendid, more brilliant ( with foll. genit.) to belong to, fall
under; unique of its kind;
mubhh and tabhin pride, to pursue one's livelihood, earn
vainglory, boastfulness ones bread 80
2
see bba pl. -t kind, sort, class,
( ( ba u to come again, return; to category
come back ( with s.th.), bring back, bawwb pl. -n doorman,
yield, bring in ( s.th.) or gatekeeper
(aiba, faal) to fail II to provide
accommodations ( and for s.o., at a biwba office of gatekeeper
place), put up ( or s.o., at) bawwba pl. -t (large) gate,
(maknan) to take a place, settle down, portal b. al-qanara lock gate
live or stay at a place IV to provide
accommodations ( for s.o., at a place); tabwb division into chapters,
to settle down, reside, live ( at a place) V sectioning, classification, systematic
to settle down ( at a place), occupy ( arrangement, grouping
markazan a place), hold ( mubawwab arranged in groups,
maqman a position)( maknan) classed, classified
to gain ground, become generally
bobln poplin
accepted; ( ar) to ascend the
throne; ( ukm) to come to power, ( Fr. bobine) bobna spool, reel
take over power see
ba pl. -t (usually pronounced ( It. potasa) bts, bts potash
baia) pl. -t residence, domicile, seat;
situation; surroundings, environment, btaqa (usually pronounced bautaqa)
milieu; home, habitat crucible, melting pot
(zamn) in the melting pot of time
maba place to which s.th. comes;
abode, dwelling, habitation ( Fr. bougie) buh pl. -t spark plug (eg.)
tabawwu: t. al-ar ( ( ba u (bau) to become known, be
accession to the throne revealed, be divulged, leak out (secret); to
reveal, disclose, divulge ( or s.th., a
II to divide into chapters or sections ( secret; and to s.o.) IV to disclose,
s.th.); to arrange in groups, arrange reveal ( or s.th., to s.o.); to release,
systematically, class, classify ( s.th.)
abandon, make public property, declare
bb pl. abwb, bbn ownerless ( s.th.); to permit, allow, leave
door;; gate; opening, gateway; entrance; (s.th., to s.o.); to justify, warrant (
chapter, section, column, rubric; group, s.th.) X to reveal ( s.th.); to regard as
class, category; field, domain (fig.) public property, as ownerless, as fair
 game; to deem permissible, lawful (
s.th.); to hurt ( urmatah s.o.s
honor); to take possession ( of),
appropriate, take as booty ( s.th.); to
seize, confiscate ( s.th.)
(damah) to proscribe, outlaw s.o.
bau divulgence, disclosure (of a
secret); confession
b wide, open space; courtyard;
hall
ba pl. -t wide, open space; open
place, square, plaza; courtyard; hall
iba divulgence, disclosure (of a
secret); permission, authorization;
licentiousness
ib licentious, unrestrained,
uninhibited; anarchist; freethinker
ibya freethinking, libertinism;
anarchism
istiba appropriation, capture,
seizure; spoliation, confiscation
mub permitted, allowed,
permissible; legal, lawful, licit, legitimate;
open to everyone, permitted for all, free;
ownerless (1.1. Law); indifferent (said of
actions for which neither reward nor
punishment is to be expected, but which
are permissible, pl. indifferent,
permissible actions, Isl. Law)
( ( ba u to abate, subside, let up,
decrease; to die, go out (fire); to fade,
bleach; to spoil, rot (e.g., meat) II to spoil
( s.th.)
buw evaporation, exhalation,
vapor, steam
tabw: an-nukta the
spoiling of the point of a story
byi spoiled, bad; vapid, insipid,
stale (also, e.g., of a joke)
brest Bucharest
( Fr. poudre) bdra powder
bdaqa pl. bawdiq2 crucible,
melting pot
bd Buddha
bd Buddhistic; Buddhist
bdya Buddhism
( ( bra u (baur, bawr) to perish; to
lie fallow, be uncultivated (land); to be
futile, unsuccessful, unprofitable, lead to
nothing (work); to be unsalable, be dead
stock (merchandise)( bint) the
girl could not get a husband II to let lie
fallow ( land); to make unprofitable,
useless ( s.th.) IV to destroy
br uncultivated, fallow
(ar), pl. ( arin) fallow land,
wasteland
bawr perdition, ruin hell
bir uncultivated, fallow (land)
baurn (eg.) a vegetable stew
br sad Port Said (seaport in NE
Egypt)
br sdn Port Sudan (seaport in NE
Sudan)
burturk Puerto Rico
burtugl Portugal
bra pl. -t stock exhange
Port Fuad (seaport in NE Egypt,
opposite Port Said)
bauraq borax
burma Burma
1
( Turk. boru) br trumpet, bugle
bij pl. -ya trumpeter, bugler
2
br (pl. bawr) striped mullet
(Mugil cephalus; zool.)
3
( Fr.) brh pure
1
II to pout, sulk, look glum, sullen
bz pl. abwz muzzle, snout
tabwza sullen mien
mubawwaz sullen, glum
2
bz, bum ice cream
3
bza a beerlike beverage
4
bz pl. abwz, bzn falcon
1
bs bus
2
(( bsa u (baus) to kiss ( s.o.)
bausa, bsa kiss
( It. busto) bust corset
( It. posta) busa, busta post, mail
al-busfr the Bosporus
) )ba u (bau) to be boisterous,
shout, roar (crowd) II do.
bau pl. aub (for )mob.
rabble
1 ( ( bl u (baul) and V to make water,
b (coll.; n. un. )reed
ba pl. -t inch
2
b pl. abw, linen or silk fabric
( It. bussola) bla compass
ba crucible, melting pot
ba a beerlike beverage
1
b metatarsal bone (anat.) bladder; ( tasammum) uremia
h wouldnt know his knee from
his elbow (proverbially, of a stupid
person)
2
b pl. abw the span of the
outspread arms, fathom; in Eg. today = 4
ir mimrya = 3 m mighty,
powerful; capable, able; knowledgeable;
generous, liberal; powerless,
helpless, impotent, weak, incapable;
niggardly, stingy; impotence,
weakness; incapability ( of);
with might and main
1
II to surprise
1
bga celluloid; tortoise shell
bgda and bga potash, lye
bgz pl. bawgiz2 strait(s);
harbor the Dardanelles
( Fr. buffet) bfh buffet; bar; sideboard
II to blow the trumpet
bq pl. -t, abwq trumpet,
bugle; fanfare; horn (of an automobile, of
a gramophone); acoustic signaling device;
megaphone; mouthpiece, spokesman;
duplicity, treachery, betrayal
b. a-aut or loudspeaker
(radio); O ( raimi) oviduct,
Fallopian tube (anat.)
bawwq trumpeter, bugler
bqa bundle; bunch of flowers,
nosegay, bouquet
biqa pl. bawiq2 misfortune,
calamity
bql, bqala pl. bawql2
vessel without handles, mug
boksford patrol wagon, paddy
wagon, Black Maria
( Engl.) bokkf box calf
1
urinate IV to be diuretic X to cause to
urinate
baul pl. abwl urine
mara al-b. as-sukar diabetes
baul uric, urinary, urinous
the urinary passages;
diseases of the kidney and urinary
(med.)
bla: O ( nya)
albuminuria; O ( damawya)
hematuria (med.)
bawwla public lavatory
mabwala pl. mabwil2 urinal;
a diuretic; -- mibwala chamber pot; toilet,
water closet
istibwl: O ist. ad-dam
uremia (med.)
2
bl state, condition; heart, mind; notice,
regard, attention significant,
notable, considerable, important, serious,
grave; farg al-b. leisure;
anxious, uneasy, concerned, worried.;
long-suffering, patient; ...
(with verb) why is it that he (it) ... ?
why ... ? how about you? what do
you think? al bluh his mind is
at rest, he has no worries; it
occurred to him, it came to his mind;
( )( ))a, alq, jaala) to
turn ones mind to, give ones attention to,
pay attention to, take into account, be
mindful of, bear in mind, heed s.th.;
lam yulqi li-qaul blan he didn't
pay any attention to what I said;
( yaqillu) no less significant than this
3
bl postage stamp
4
bl whale (zool.)
5
look up alphabetically
 bld (= )steel
see
blq2 a district of Cairo
blanda Poland
bland Polish; (pl. -n) Pole
bl polo
( It. Polonia) blniya Poland
bln Polish; Pole
1
( Fr. police) bls police vice
squad; ( jin) criminal
police; ( arb) military
police; ( sirr) secret police;
traffic police
riwya blsya detective
story
2
and ( Fr. police) bls, bla pl.
bawli2, bawlis2 certificate
of insurance, policy b. a-
an bill of lading
blfiy Bolivia
blf Bolivian
O d al-bauln uremia
bm (coll.; n. un. )pl. abwm owl
1 (navigators) compass;
baun, bn interval, distance; difference
2
coll.; n. un. )ben tree (Moringa; bot.;
horse-radish tree (Moringa oleifera; bot.);
Egyptian willow (Salix aegyptiaca L.;
bot.)
Buenos Aires
( Engl.) bn pl. bawn pony
bh coitus; sexual potency; sexuality
( Engl.) bhmiy Bohemia
bhm Bohemian (adj. and n.)
bhmya Bohemianism,
Bohemian life
bana the tenth month of the Coptic
year
( Turk. boya) bya paint; shoe polish
( eg.) boyag house painter,
painter; shoeshine, bootblack
bayya = look up alphabetically
see
biyda infantry (Eg.)
biyd infantryman, foot soldier
biyn, biyna, biyn pl.
biynt piano
1
bb pipe, tube; feed pipe, spout (of a
reservoir or tank)
2
bba (Western) smoking pipe
( ( bta i ( mabt) to pass or spend
the night; to stay overnight; to become; to
be ( in a situation); with foll. imperf.: to
get into a situation. Get to the point
where; to continue to do s.th., go on or
keep doing s.th., stick to s.th. II to brood
(by night; about s.th.); to contrive, hatch
( an evil plan, against s.o.), plot (
against s.o.); to put up for the night (
s.o.)( aff; eg.) to flunk, fail
promotion (pupil) IV to put up for the
night ( s.o.)
bait pl. buyt, buytt
house, building; tent (of nomads); room;
apartment, flat; (garden) bed; family; case,
box, covering, sheath; pl. large,
respectable houses; respectable families;
(pl. abyt) verse b. al-ibra
ahl al-b.
family, specif., the family of the Prophet;
people from good, respectable
families; ( tijrya) commercial
houses; ( aram) the Kaaba;
b. al-al and b. al-adab
toilet, water closet; origin or seat
of the disease; ( rf) country
house; and ( the
essential, principal verse of the kasidah,
i.e.) the quintessence; the gist, the
essential, the hit of s.th.; s.th. that stands
out from the rest, the right thing;
baitalam2 Bethlehem; the ruling
house; treasure house; fisc,
treasury, exchequer (Isl. Law); (Tun.)
administration of vacant Muslim states
bait domestic, private, home, of the
house, house- (in compounds);
domesticated (animals); home made
buwait pl. -t small house; small
tent
 bayyt pl. -n and bayyta bairt pl. bawrita,
boarder (student); (pl. -n) pupil of a bayrita a native or inhabitant of Beirut
boarding school (tun.)
bruqr bureaucratic
bayyt stale, old
brqrya bureaucracy; red tape
mabt overnight stop, overnight bzaniy Byzantium
stay; shelter for the night
bzan Byzantine
bit stale, old; (eg.) not promoted,
( aff) in school bsn bison
mubayyit plotter, schemer, intrigant ( ( ba i to lay eggs (also ;)to stay,
settle down, be or become resident ( at a
bjm and bjma pajama place) ( wa-farraa) to be
1
( ( bda i to perish, die, pass away, born and grow up in a place; to establish
become extinct IV to destroy, exterminate, itself and spread (plague) II to make
extirpate ( s.o., s.th.) white, paint white, whitewash, whiten (
s.th.); to bleach, blanch ( s.th., textiles,
baida anna although, whereas;
laundry, rice, etc.); to tin, tinplate (
(esp., introducing a sentence:) yet,
s.th.); to make a fair copy ( of s.th.)
however, but, ... though
( wajhah) to make s.o. appear
baid2 pl. bd, baidawt blameless, in a favorable light, to
desert, steppe, wilderness whitewash, exculpate, vindicate, justify
ibda annihilation, extermination, s.o., play s.o. up, make much of s.o.; to
eradication, extirpation honor s.o., show honor to s.o.;
may God make him happy!
bid passing, transitory, temporal; this doesn't show him in a
past, bygone favorable light V pass. of II; IX to be or
mubd destructive, annihilative; (pl. become white
-t) means of extermination bai pl. buy eggs
(aarya) insecticides
2
baia (n. un.) pl. -t egg; testicle; helmet;
look up alphabetically main part, substance, essence
baidar pl. baydir2 threshing floor b. ad-dik (the egg of a rooster i.e.) an
impossible or extraordinary thing;
baidaq (and )pl. baydiq2 pawn b. al-balad a man held in high esteem in
(in chess) his community; ( b. in-nahr)
see alphabetically in broad daylight; b. a-aif
1 the hottest part of the summer;
bayyra pl. -t (pal.) irrigation wheel;
the territory or pale of Islam;
plantation
( b. id-dn, b. il-
2
( It. birra) br, bra beer waan) defense of the faith, of the country;
mana al-b. brewery b. al-idr a woman seluded from
bairaq pl. bayriq2 flag, banner, the outside world, a chaste, respectable
standard woman

bairaqdr color-bearer, standard- bai, baiaw and

bearer baiw egg-shaped, oviform, oval, ovate

( Fr. Pyrnes) jibl al-brinh the buyaia and buwaia pl. -t

Pyrenees small egg, ovule; ovum
1
br Peru bay white, whiteness:
2
whitewash; -- (pl. -t) barren, desolate,
( Fr. bureau) br pl. -t office, bureau uncultivated land, wasteland: gap, blank
bairt2 Beirut (capital of Lebanon) space (in a manuscript); blank; leucoma
(med.); linen, pl. linen goods,
 linens; (syr.) milk, butter, and eggs baiara veterinary science; farriery
b. al-bait white of egg, albumen: 1
( ( ba i (bai, mab) to sell ( s.th.,
b. al-ain the white of the eye: or to s.o., for a price) III to make a
b. an-nahr daylight, (acc.) by day, contract ( with s.o.); to pay homage ( to
during the daytime; s.o.); to acknowledge as sovereign or
baya yaumihi wa-sawda lailihi by day leader ( s.o.), pledge allegiance ( to) IV
and by night: b. al-wajh tine to offer for sale ( s.th.) VI to agree on
character, good reputation; the terms of a sale, conclude a bargain VII
samak b. a Nile fish (eg.); blank, to be sold, be for sale VIII to buy,
free from writing, printing or marks, purchase ( s.th. from s.o. and from
uninscribed; ( or) ( labisa, s.o. s.th.) ( abtu,
irtada) to dress in white abuh) I don't trust him
bay pl. buy, b (egg-) bai pl. buy, buyt
laying sale for sale; )or)
abya2, f. bai2, pl. b (jabrya) forced sales, compulsory sale by
white; bright; clean, shiny, polished; auction: ( jumla) wholesale sale;
blameless, noble, sincere (character); ( iyr) optional sale (Isl. Law);
empty, blank (sheet of paper); pl. ( li-ir rgibn) sale to the
al-bn the white race; white of highest bidder; b. al-na credit
egg, albumen ( ar) barren, operation (Isl. Law)
uncultivated land, wasteland; baia agreement, arrangement;
(aura) peaceful, bloodless revolution; business deal, commercial transaction,
( ai) first light of dawn; bargain; sale; purchase; homage
( dahab) platinum; with into the bargain
cold steel; ( afatuh) his
reputation is good: he has noble de.ds to bayy salesman, merchant, dealer,
his credit, he has a noble character; commission agent, middleman
( uuf) noble, glorious deeds: mab sale, pl. -t sales (esp. on the
( ukdba) white lie, fih: stock market)
(laila) a sleepless night, a night spent
awake: ( maut) natural death; mubyaa pl. -t conclusion of
( yad) beneficent hand, benefaction contract; homage; pledge of allegiance;
transaction
mab, mibya ovary (anat.)
ibtiy purchase
tabya fair copy
bi2 pl. ba seller, vendor;
O ibyi leukemia (med.) dealer, merchant; salesman
bi pl. bawi2 (egg-) bia saleswoman
laying
mab and mub sold
mubayyi pl. -n whitewasher;
bleacher; tinner; copyist, transcriber (of mubt buyer, purchaser
fair copy) 2
baia pl. -t, biya (Chr.) church;
mubayyaa fair copy synagogue
baiara to practice veterinary science; to b (eg.), bg, bk pl. bgawt (syr.)
shoe ( a horse) bey (title of courtesy); cf.
baiar pl. baytira bkawya rank of bey
veterinarian; farrier bkr compass, (pair of) dividers
baiar veterinary see
(ibb) veterinary medicine;
veterinarian ( Fr.) bkeh plqu (fabric)
1
( Fr. bille) bl ball kurs b. ball and those who talked; ( yadaihi) in
bearing front of him, before him, in his presence;
2
bla see with him. on him, in his possession, e.g.,
( sila) he hasnt got a
bailasn black elder (bot.) weapon on him, he is unarmed;
bilharsiy bilharziasis, schistosomiasis meanwhile, in the meantime;
(med.) in my heart, at heart, inwardly;
in his arms; min bainihim
( Fr. bille) blya pl. -t little ball, marble from among them, from their midst;
bmristn hospltal; lunatic asylum something between, a cross, a mixture, a
1
combination; neither good nor bad,
( ( bna i ( bayn) to be or become medium, tolerable; something
plain, evident, come out, come to light; to between, a cross, a mixture, a
be clear ( to s.o.); ( bain, combination; ( waqt, ar),
bainna) to part, be separated ( from) II ( fatra, ur) at times, from time
to make clear, plain, visible, evident ( to time
s.th.); to announce ( s.th.); to state (
s.th.); to show, demonstrate ( s.th.); to m-baina look up alphabetically
explain, expound, elucidate ( s.th.), bain, bainam (conj.) while;
throw light ( on) III to part, go away ( whereas
from), leave ( s.o.); to differ, be different
( from), be unlike s.th. ( ;)to bayyin clear, plain, evident, obvious,
contradict ( s.th.), be contrary ( to); to patent; (pl. abyin2) eloquent
conflict, be at variance, be inconsistent ( bayn pl. -t clearness, plainness,
with s.th.) IV to explain, expound, patency, obviousness; statement,
elucidate ( s.th. to s.o.); to separate, declaration, announcement; manifestation;
sift, distinguish ( s.th. from); to be explanation, elucidation, illustration;
clear, plain, evident V to be or become information, news; (official) report.
clear, intelligible ( to s.o.); to turn out, (official) statement; enumeration, index,
prove in the end, appear, become evident; list; eloquence; the Koran; see also
to follow ( from), be explained ( by); alphabetically correction
to be clearly distinguished ( from); to (journ.); ( gany) self-
seek to ascertain ( s.th.), try to get at the explanatory, self-evident; ilm al-
mct8 ( of); to eye or examine critically, b. rhetoric; af al-b. explicative
scrutinize ( s.o., s.th.); to look, peer ( apposition (gram.)
at); to see through s.th. (), see clearly,
bayn explanatory, illustrative;
perceive, notice, discover, find out (
rhetorical
s.th.); to distinguish ( s.th. from) VI
to differ, be different, be opposed, be bayyina pl. -t clear proof,
contrary; to vary greatly, differ widely; to indisputable evidence; evidence (Isl.
vary, differ, fluctuate ( between two Law); a document serving &8 evidence
amounts or limits) X to be or become ( arfya) circumstantial evidence;
clear, plain, evident; to Bee, know, as has been proved;
perceive, notice ( s.th.); pass. ustubna to to be fully aware of; to he well-informed,
follow clearly, be clearly seen ( from) well-posted, up-to-date about
bain separation, division; interval; abyan2 clearer, more distinct, more
difference enmity, disunion, obvious
discord; meantime, meanwhile tibyn exposition, demonstration,
baina (prep.) or f-ma b. explanation, illustration
between; among, amidst either -- tabyn and ibna exposition,
or, partly -- partly, e.g., demonstration, explanation, illustration
( mitin wa-mutakallimin) the crowd
was divided among those who were silent
 tabayun difference, unlikeness, taka fem. of the demonstrative pronoun
dissimilarity, disparity dka (dual nom. tnika, genit., acc.
tabyun different, differing, tainika)
conflicting tauam, f. , pl. tawim2 twin
bin clear, plain, evident, obvious, at-tmz the Thames
patent; final, irrevocable (divorce; Isl.
tay (tun., alg.) tea black tea
Law); of great length b. a-l
towering, of unusual height (person) tyr and tyr (Fr. tailleur) pl. -t
ladies tailored suit, tailleur
bina brides dowry
tabba i (tabb, tabab, tabb) to
mabyna distance
perish, be destroyed X to stabilize, be
mubn clear, plain, evident, obvious, stabilized, be or become stable; to be
patent the Koran settled, established, well-ordered, regular,
mutabyin dissimilar, unlike, normal; to progress well
differential, differing, varying everything went well with him
2
look up alphabetically tabban lah may evil befall him!
may he perish!
see
istitbb normalcy, regularity,
see orderliness, order; stability; favorable
bh = course or development
1
( Engl.) biyr pure at-tibt Tibet
2
( Fr. pyorrhe) biyrh pyorrhea (med.) tabara i (tabr) to destroy, annihilate (
s.th.)
tibr raw metal; gold dust, gold
nuggets; ore
1
abbreviation of telephone tabr ruin, destruction
2
ta (particle introducing oaths) by, ta- tibrya dandruff
llhi by God! tabrz2 Tabriz (city in NW Iran, capital of
t name of the letter Azerbaijan province)
tbt pl. tawbt2 box, case, chest, tabia a (taba, taba) to follow,
coffer; casket, coffin, sarcophagus succeed ( s.o., s.th.), come after s.o. or
t. al-ahd ark of the covenant; s.th. ( ;)to trail, track ( s.o., s.th) go
t. raf al-miyh Archimedean after s.o. or s.th. ( ;)to walk behind s.o.
screw; t. as-qiya scoop wheel, ( ;)to pursue ( s.th.); to keep, adhere,
Persian wheel stick ( to s.th.), observe ( s.th; to
follow, take ( a road), enter upon ( a
tbiyk tapioca road or course); to comply ( with s.th.);
tataa to stammer (with fright) to belong, pertain ( to); to be
subordinate, be attached ( to s.o.), be
see
under s.o.s ( )authority or command, be
see under s.o. (( ( dursa) to attend
1
IV ( baara) to stare ( or at classes regularly III to follow ( s.o.
s.o.) s.th.; also = to keep one's mind or eyes on,
e.g., on a development); to agree, concur (
2
see with s.o., in s.th.), be in agreement or
tza (= )fresh, tender, new conformity ( with); to pursue,
chase, follow up ( s.o., s.th.); to
continue ( s.th.; sairah on ones
way), go on ( with or in) IV to cause to
succeed or follow (in time, rank, etc.); to
place ( s.o.) under s.o.s ( )authority or
command, subordinate ( to s.o. s.o.,
to s.th. s.th.) V to follow ( s.th., esp. fig.:
a topic, a development, the news, etc., = to
watch, study); to pursue, trail, track (
s.o., s.th.); to trace ( s.th.); to be
subordinate ( to), be attached ( to
s.o.) VI to follow in succession, be
successive or consecutive, come or
happen successively; to form an
uninterrupted sequence VIII to follow,
succeed ( s.o., s.th.), come after ( ;)
to make ( s.th.) be succeeded or followed
( by s.th. else); to prosecute ( s.o.), take
legal action ( against); to follow, obey,
heed, observe, bear in mind ( s.th.); to
pursue ( s.th.); to examine, investigate,
study ( s.th.); pass. uttubia to have or
find followers, adherents ( for s.th.,
e.g., for an idea)( siysatan) to
pursue a policy; ( yamnah) to
keep (to the) right X to make ( s.o.)
follow, ask ( s.o.) to follow; to seduce (
s.o.); to have as its consequence,
engender, entail ( s.th.); to subordinate
to o.s., make subservient to o.s. ( s.th.)
taba succession; subordinateness,
dependency: following. Followers;
subordinate, subservient ( to s.th.):
successively, consecutively; tabaan
li according to, in accordance with,
pursuant to, in observance of; due to, in
consequence of, as the result of; (pl.
atb) follower, companion, adherent,
partisan; subject, national, citizen;
appertaining, appurtenant, pertinent,
incident
taba: ( uqba) incidental (gram.); appendix, addendum,
punishment (jur.)
tabia pl. -t consequence;
responsibility, irresponsibleness
( alq) to make s.o. or s.th. responsible
tab pl. tib following attached, demon who accompanies women;
attending, adjunct; -- (pl. tabi2)
follower, adherent, partisan; aide, help,
assistant, attendant, servant
tabaya pl. -t subordination,
subjection; subordinateness, dependency;
citizenship, nationality;
subsequently, afterwards; consequently,
hence, therefore, accordingly
tiban in succession, successively,
consecutively, one after the other, one by
one
mutbaa following, pursuing,
pursuit, prosecution; continuation
itb (gram.) intensification by
repeating a word with its initial consonant
changed, such as katr batr
tatabu following (esp. fig., of an
argument, of a development, see V
above); pursuit; prosecution; succession,
course the course of history;
( adlya) legal action,
prosecution
tatbu sucession; relay (athlet.);
consecutively, successively, in
succession; serially, in serialized form
ittib following; pursuit (e.g., of a
policy); adherence (to), compliance
(with), observance (of); ittiban li
according to, in accordance or conformity
with, pursuant to, in observance of
O ittib classical
O ittibya classicism
tbi pl. tabaa, tubb
following, succeeding, subsequent;
subsidiary, dependent; minor, secondary;
subordinate ( to s.o.), under s.o. (;)
belonging ( to); subject to s.o.s ()
authority or competence; adherent ( to)
following ( s.o. or s.th.); -- (pl.
atb) adherent, follower, partisan;
subject, citizen, national; subordinate,
servant; factotum; (pl. )appositive
supplement; O function (math.)
( duwal) the satellite countries
tbia pl. tawbi2 female
attendant, woman servant; a female
appurtenance, dependency; consequence,
effect, result; responsibility; pl.
dependencies, dependent territories; O
satellites (pol.), = ( duwal) the
satellite countries
tbiya nationality, citizenship
 matb followed, succeeded (
by); one to whom service or obedience is
rendered, a leader, a principal (as
distinguished from subordinate) 90
mutatbi successive, consecutive
muttaba observed, adhered to,
complied with (e.g. regulation, custom);
followed, traveled (road, course)
tibg pl. tubg tobaooo
tabala i to consume, waste, make sick (
s.o.; said of love) II, III and taubala to
spice, season ( s.th)
tbal, tbil pl. tawbil2 business (used attributively)
coriander (bot.); spice, condiment,
seasoning
tabbla (syr., leb.) a kind of salad
made of bulgur, parsley, mint, onion,
lemon juice, spices, and oil
matbl (Iove-)sick, weak, ravaged,
consumed
mutabbal spiced, seasoned,
flavored; (syr., leb.) stuffed with a mixture
of rice, chopped meat and various spices,
e.g., stuffed eggplant
tijra commerce; traffic, trade;
merchandise
tijr commercial, mercantile,
trade, trading, business, (used
attributively); commercialized
(bait) commercial house, business house;
( araka) trade, traffic;
( irka) trading company;
(ittifq) trade agreement
matjar pl. matjir2 bussiness,
transaction, dealing; merchandise; store,
shop
matjar commercial, trade, trading,
ittijr trade, business ( in s.th)
tjir pl. tujjr, tijr merchant,
trader, businessman, dealer, tradesman
t. al-jumla wholesale dealer;
t. at-tajzia and t. al-
qi retailer
bia tjira salable,
marketable merchandise
tujha (prep.) in front of, opposite, face to
face with, facing

( Fr. tableau) tablh pl. -t a painting
tibn straw
tibn straw-colored, flaxen
tabbn straw vendor
darb at-tabbna the Milky
Way
matban pl. matbin2 straw-
stack
tabiyk tapioca
1 subconscious; ( taarrufih) at
at-tatar and at-tatar the Tatars
tatar Tatarian; Tatar
tatra (from )one after the other,
successively, in succession
titik trigger
tutun tobacco
tetans tetanus (med.)
tajara u and VIII to trade, do business; to
deal ( or in s.th.) III do. ( with s.o.)
tata (prep.) under; below, beneath,
underneath ( tajriba) on probation;
in an experimental state; in
preparation; ( if) in custody,
under guard; ( sadd),
due, outstanding, unsettled, unpaid (com.);
under arms;
(samihim) in their hearing, for them to
hear; ( taswiya) outstanding,
unpaid, unsettled (com.);
(irfi) under the patronage or
superintendence of;
his disposal; ( ab) in press;
( unwni) under the title of;
(ayunin) before our eyes; in
training; ( yad) in hand, at hand,
available, handy; in his power;
min tat from under, from beneath;
under
tatu (adv.) below, beneath,
underneath
tatn lower, under- (in
compounds) underwear
IV to present ( or s.o. with s.th)
 tufa pl. tuaf gift, present;
gem (fig.), curiosity, rarity, article of
virtu, objet d'art; work of art
(fannya) unique work of art
mataf pl. matif2
museum m. a-am
waxworks
taa u to become sour, ferment (dough)
1
pl. tut bed, couch; bench; seat; sofa;
chest, case, box, coffer, cabinet;
wardrobe; platform, dais; band,
orchestra t. al-mulk throne;
royal residence, capital; t. al-
mamlaka capital (of a country)
tataruwn, earthlike, earthy; dust-colored, gray
tatarawn mule-borne litter
2
tata board; desk; blackboard
tataa to rot, decay
1
taima a to suffer from indigestion, feel
sick from overeating IV to surfeit, satiate (
s.o.) to give ( s.o.) indigestion, make
sick ( s.o.); to overstuff, cloy ( the
stomach) VIII = I
tuama, tuma pl. , -t
indigestion, dyspeptic
matm suffering from
indigestion, dyspeptic
2
taama i to fix the limits of (), delimit,
limit, confine, bound ( s.th.) III to border
( on), be adjacent ( to s.th.)
tam pl. tum boundary,
border, borderline, limit
mutm neighboring, adjacent
tadmur2, usually pronounced tudmur2
Palmyra (ancient city of Syria, now a
small village)
tadmur, usually pronounced tudmur
anyone nobody, not a living soul
( eg.; tarbza) pl. -t table
trm trachoma (med.)
( Fr. terrasse) ters terrace
trm, tramwy tramway
tariba a to be or become dusty, covered
with dust II and IV to cover with dust or
earth ( s.o., s.th.) III to be s.o.s ()
mate or comrade, be of the same age ( as
s.o.) V to be dusty, be covered with dust
tirb pl. atrb person of the
same age, contemporary, mate,
companion, comrade
tarib dusty, dust-covered
turba pl. turab dust; earth, dirt;
ground (also fig.); soil; grave, tomb;
graveyard, cemetery, burial ground
turab pl. -ya (eg.) gravedigger
turb pl. atriba, tirbn
dust, earth, dirt; ground, soil
turb dusty; dustlike, powdery;
O turba cement
tarba pl. tarib2 chest,
thorax
matraba poverty, misery,
destitution; (pl. matrib2) dirt quarry
mutrib dusty, dust-covered
tarbasa (= )to bolt ( a door)
tirbs pl. tarbis2,
tarbis2 bolt, l&tch (of a door or window)
tarbantn turpentine
( eg.) tarabza table
trbn pl. -t turbine
see
tirtir gold and silver spangles (eg.)
tarjama to translate ( s.th. from one
language to another); to interpret (
s.th.); to treat ( of s.th.) by way of
explanation, expound ( s.th.); to write a
biography ( of s.o., also )
tarjama pl. tarjim2
translation; interpretation; biography (also
;) introduction, preface,
foreword (of a book)
(sabnya) the Septuagint
turjumn pl. tarjima,
tarjim2 transla.tor, interpreter
,-:;" mutarjim translator, interpreter;
biographer
mutarjam translated
(film) synchronized (film)

taria a (tara) and V to grieve, be sad II
and IV to grieve, distress ( s.o.)
tara pl. atr grief, distress,
sadness
tarz pl. tarzya (eg.) tailor
tarziya tailoring
1
look up alphabetically
2
II to provide with a shield or armor
turs pl. atrs, turs
shield; disk of the sun; -- tirs pl. turs
cogwheel, gear undq al-
t. gearbox, transmission; samak
at-turs turbot (zool.)
matras, mitras pl. matris2 and
mitrs, pl. matrs2 bolt, door
latch; rampart, bulwark, barricade; esp. pl.
barricades
tarsna, tarsna arsenal;
shipyard, dockyard
( Fr. tricycle) tricycle
( It. terrazzino) tarasna balcony
taria a to be or become full (vessel) IV to
fill ( s.th., esp. a vessel)
tura pl. tura, -t canal;
artificial waterway t. al-rd
feeder, irrigation canal;
drainage canal (Eg.); the
Residence of the Sultan of Morocco
turgul, turgulla turtledove
tarija a to live in opulence, in luxury IV
to effeminate ( s.o.); to provide with
opulent means, surround with luxury (
s.o.) V = I
taraf and turfa luxury,
opulence, affluence; effemination
tarif opulent, sumptuous, luxurious
mutraf living in ease and luxury;
sumptuous, luxurious; luxuriously
adorned, ornate, overdecorated ( with)
tirfs (magr.) truffle (bot.)
tarfala to strut
tarquwa pl. tarqin collarbone,
clavicle (anat.)
1
taraka u (tark) to let be, leave, relinquish,
renounce, give up, forswear ( s.th.); to
desist, refrain, abstain ( from s.th.); to
leave, quit ( s.o., a place); to leave out,
omit, drop, neglect, pass over, skip (
s.th.); to leave ( or s.th. to); to leave
behind, leave, bequeath, make over (
s.th., to s.o.; as a legacy) 93 to
let s.o. do s.th.; to leave one
place for (another); ( f
dimmatih) to leave s.th. in s.o.s care,
leave s.th. to s.o.; to leave
s.th. or s.o. unchanged, leave s.th. or s.o.
alone; ( wa-anah) to leave s.o.
alone, leave s.o. to his own devices III to
leave ( s.o.); to leave alone ( s.o.); to
leave off hostilities ( against s.o.)
tark omission, neglect;
relinquishment, abandonment; leaving,
leaving behind
tarika pl. -t (also tirka) heritage,
legacy, bequest
tarka pl. tarik2 old maid,
spinster
mutraka truce
matrk pl. -t heritage, legacy
2
II to Turkify, Turkicize ( s.o.) X to
become a Turk, become Turkified, adopt
Turkish manners and customs
at-turk and al-atrk the
Turks
turk Turkish; Turk; at-
turkya theTurkish language
turkiya Turkey
tatrk Turkification
turkistn2 Turkstan
at-turkumn the Turkmen
turumbt (syr.) pl. -t (Western) drum;
turumba (eg.) pl. -t do.; specif.,
bass drum
turumbagi (eg.) drummer; bandsman
(mil.)
turmus, turms lupine (bot.)
termmitr thermometer
turunj see
 tariha a to concern o.s. with trifles
turraha pl. -t sham, mockery,
farce; lie, humbug, hoax
( Fr. Troade) tirwda Troy
( Engl. troop) squad, platoon; squadron
( sawr) cavalry squadron
(Eg.)
= see under above
tiryq theriaca; antidote
( Fr.) tricot
tisa (f. tis) nine
tisata aara, f. tisa mats pl. matis
arata nineteen
tus pl. ats one ninth, the taffa to spit II to say "phew"
ninth part
tisn ninety
at-tsi the ninth
tirn2 al-wwal October, tafett, taffeta
t. at-tn November (Syr., Ir., Leb., Jord.)
tekoslovkiy Czechoslovakia tufka pl. tufak (ir.) gun, rifle
tl Chile tafala u i (tafl) to spit
2
tiwn Tetun (city in N Morocco)
abbreviation of , see
taiba a (taab) to work hard, toil, slave,
drudge, wear o.s. out; to be or become
tired, weary ( of s.th.) IV to trouble,
inconvenience ( s.o.); to irk, bother,
weary, tire, fatigue ( s.o.)
taab pl. atb trouble,
exertion, labor, toil, drudgery; burden,
nuisance, inconvenience, discomfort,
difficulty, hardship; tiredness, weariness,
fatigue; pl. fees, honorarium
taib and tabn tired, weary,
exhausted 94
matib2 troubles, pains, efforts;
discomforts, inconveniences, difficulties,
troubles; complaints, ailments, ills
(attending disease); hardships, strains
mutib troublesome, inconvenient,
toilsome, laborious; burdensome, irksome,
annoying; wearisome, tiresome, tiring;
tedious, dull, boring
mutab tired, weary
tataa to stammer; to shake ( s.o.);
ittataa to move, stir
taizz2 Taizz (city in S Yemen, seat of
government)
taasa a, taisa a to fall, perish; to
become wretched, miserable; taasa and
IV to make unhappy or miserable, ruin
(s.o.)
tas and tasa wretchedness,
misery
tais and tas pl. tuas
wretched, miserable, unfortunate, unhappy
wretched, miserable, unfortunate, unhappy
tuff dirt under the fingernails;
tuffan laka phew! fie on you!
O tafffa spittoon, cuspidor
tuffa (call.; n. un. )apple(s)
tufl and tufl spit, spittle, saliva
tfil ill-smelling, malodorous
mitfala spittoon, cuspidor
tafiha a (tafah, tafha, tufh) to be
little, paltry, insignificant; to be flat,
tasteless, vapid, insipid
tafah and tufh paltriness,
triviality, insignificance
tafha paltrineBB, triviality,
insignificance flatness, vapidity,
insipidity, tastelessness; inanity, stupidity,
silliness
tafih and tfih little, paltry,
trivial, trifling, insignificant; worthless;
commonplace, common, mediocre; flat,
tasteless, vapid, insipid; trite, banal
tfiha pl. tawfih2 worthless
thing; triviality, trifle
see
see

IV to perfect, bring to perfection ( s.th; to
master, know well ( s.th., e.g., a
language), be proficient, skillful, well-
versed ( in s.th.)
tiqn skillful, adroit
taqna firmness, solidity; perfection
atqan2 more perfect, more thorough
itqn perfection; thoroughness,
exactitude, precision; thorough skill,
proficiency; mastery, command (e.g., of a
special field, of a language)
to greatest perfection; of excellent
workmanship
mutqan perfect; exact, precise
taq i to fear (esp. God) VIII see
taqy pl. atqiy2 God-fearing,
godly, devout, pious
atq more pious
tuqan and taqw godliness,
devoutness, piety
1 s.th.); to ruin, damage, spoil, break (
takka u to trample down, trample
underfoot, crush ( s.th.); to intoxicate (
s.o.; wine)
2
tikka pl. tikak waistband (in the upper
seam of the trousers) 95
3 good-for-nothing
takka to tick (clock)
tikka pl. -t ticking, ticktock (of a
clock), ticking noise
3
look up alphabetically
tukt pl. of Engl. ticket
1
taktaka to trample down, trample
underfoot ( s.th)
2
taktaka to bubble, simmer (boiling mass)
3
taktaka to tick (clock)
taktaka ticking, ticktock (of a
clock), ticking noise
4
taktk tactics
takya pl. taky monastery (of a
Muslim order); hospice; home, asylum
(for the invalided or needy)
1
tall pl. till, atll, tull hill,
elevation t. abb Tel Aviv (city in
W Israel)
2
tull tulle
taltil2 hardships, troubles, adversities
tald, tlid, tild inherited, time-
honored, old (possession, property)
tiliskb telescope
IV to stretch one's neck; to crane ( the
neck)
tala pl. til hill, hillside,
mountainside; (torrential) stream
tal long, outstretched, extended;
high, tall
tiligrf, taligrf pl. -t telegraph;
telegram, wire, cable to
send a wire to
tiligrf, taligrf telegraphic
talafa a (talaf) to be annihilated, be
destroyed; to be or become damaged or
spoiled, be ruined, break, get broken, go
to pieces II to ruin ( s.th.); to wear out,
finish ( s.o.) IV to destroy, annihilate (
s.th.); to waste ( s.th.)
talaf ruin, destruction; ruination,
damage, injury, harm.; loss; waste
talfn spoiled; useless, worthless,
matlaf, matlafa pl.
matlif2 desert
mitll wastrel; ruinous, harmful,
injurious
itlf pl. -t annihilation,
destruction; damage, injury, harm
tlif ruined, damaged, broken;
spoiled, bad
matlf and mutlaf ruined,
damaged, broken; spoiled, bad
mutlif annihilator, destroyer;
injurer; damaging, ruinous, harmful,
injurious, noxious
talfaza to televise, transmit by television
talfaza television
ifa talfya television
broadcast, telecast
O tilfz television set
( Fr. tlvision) tilivisyn television
talfana to telephone
tilifn and talfn pl. t telephone talls, tillis pl. talls2 sack
see
tilka fem. of the demonstrative pronoun
talam pl. atlm (plow) furrow
talmada to take on as, or have for, a pupil
or apprentice ( s.o.); to be or become a
pupil or apprentice ( of s.o., 96 also ),
receive ones schooling or training (
from) II tatalmada to be or become a
pupil or apprentice ( or of s.o.),
work as an apprentice ( or under
s.o.)
talmada school days, college years;
apprenticeship; (time of) probation
tilmd learning, erudition
tilmd pl. talmd2, terminate ( s.th.); to make complete,
talamida pupil, student, apprentice;
probationer; trainee; disciple
(bar) approx.: chief warrant W-3 (naval
rank; Eg.); ( safar) approx.:
chief warrant W-4 (naval rank; Eg.)
tilmda pl. t girl student
tilimsn2 Tlemcen (city in NW Algeria)
talmd Talmud
taliha a (talah) to be astonished, amazed,
perplexed, at a loss
tlih and mutallah at a loss,
bewildered, perplexed t. al-aql
absent-minded, distracted
( ) )tal u ( tulw) to follow, succeed; to
ensue; -- ( tilwa) to read, read out
loud ( s.th., to s.o..); to recite (
s.th.) VI to follow one another, be
successive
tilwa (prep.) after, upon consummation, execution, fulfillment,
to send letter after letter
tilwa reading; public reading;
recital, recitation
tlin following, succeeding,
subsequent, next; bi-t-tl then, later,
subsequently; consequently, hence,
therefore, accordingly
mutatlin successive, consecutive
tall (tun.) tulle
tilbt telepathy; telepathic
( Fr. tlvision) tilvisyn television
pl. t talfn telephone
talifn telephonic, telephone- in
compounds)
tamma i to be or beoome complete,
completed, finished, done; to be
performed, be accomplished ( by s.o..);
to come to an end, be or become
terminated; to come about, be brought
about, be effected, be achieved, come to
pass, come off, happen, take place, be or
become a fact; to be on hand, be there,
present itself; to persist ( in); to
continue ( s.th. or to do s.th.) II and IV
to complete, finish, wind up, conclude,
supplement, round out, fill up ( s.th.); to
carry out, execute, perform, accomplish,
achieve ( s.th.) X to be complete,
completed, finished
tamm completeness, wholeness,
entirety, perfection; full, whole, entire,
complete, perfect; separate, independent;
tamman completely, entirely,
wholly, perfectly, fully, quite; precisely,
exactly ( badr) and ( qamar)
full moon; at 6 o'clock
sharp; ( man l-kalima) in
the full sense of the word; entirely,
completely
tamma pl. tamim2 amulet
atamm2 more complete, more perfect
tatimma completion;
supplementation; supplement
tatmm completion; perfection;
realization, effectuation, accomplishment
itmm completion; perfection;
termination, conclusion; consummation,
execution, fulfillment, realization,
effectuation, accomplishment 97
istitmm termination, conclusion
 tmm complete, perfect, entire,
consummate; of full value, sterling,
genuine
tumbk Persian tobacco (esp. for the
narghile)
tamtama to stammer, mumble, mutter; to
recite under one's breath ( s.th)
tamr (coll.; n. un. , pl. tamarat,
tumr) dates, esp. dried ones
(hind) tamarind (bot.)
( eg. tamarg), pl. -ya southwestern and southern shores of the
male nurse, hospital attendant; pl.
-t female nurse
look up alphabetically
tims pl. tams2 crocodile
tamga stamp; stamp mark
waraq t. stamped paper
tumman rice
tammz2 July (Syr., Ir., Leb., Jord.)
1
tunn tuna (zool.)
2 matb) to repent, be penitent, do penance,
tinnn pl. tannn2 sea monster;
Draco (astro.); waterspout (meteor.), see
also alphabetically
tni pl. tunn resident
tunbk (pronounced tumbk) and
tumbak Persian tobacco (esp. for the
narghile)
tinbl pl. tanbl2 short, of small
Stature
( Fr. timbre) tambar pl. tanbir2 stamp
(magr.)
mutambar stamped (magr.)
( Turk. tembel) tambal pl. tanbila
lazy
( Fr. tungstne) tongstn tungsten
( It. tenda) tanda awning, roofing, sun roof
tannr pl. tannr2 a kind of baking
oven, a pit, usually clay-lined, for baking
bread
tannra (syr., leb.) (lady's) skirt
tennis
1
tanak tin plate
tanakj tinsmith, whitesmith
tanaka pl. -t tin container, can, pot,
jerry can
2
tnika see alphabetically
tennis
tannn tannin, tannic acid
tahtaha to stammer, stutter
1
tuhma pl. tuham accusation, charge;
suspicion; insinuation
2
tihma2 Tihama, coastal plain along the
Arabian Peninsula
tawwan right away, at once, immediately;
just (now), this very minute li-t-tawwi
at once, right away, also with pers. suffix.:
li-taww, li-tawwih (I have, she
has) just ... ; at once, presently,
immediately
( Fr. toilette) tuwlt toilette
see
( ( tba u ( taub, tauba,
with : to turn from (sin), be converted
from, renounce, forswear s.th.; (said of
God) to restore to His grace, forgive (
s.o.) to turn to God in
repentance II to induce to repentance or
penitence, make repent ( s.o.) X to call on
s.o. ( )to repent
tauba repentance, penitence,
contrition; penance 98
tawwb doing penance; repentant,
penitent, contrite; forgiving, merciful
(God)
tib repentant, penitent, contrite
see
tobogrfiy topography
1
tt mulberry tree; mulberry
(ard) and ( ifranj) strawberry;
( auk) and t. al-ullaiq
raspberry
2
tt the first month of the Coptic calendar
ttiy, ttiy, zinc
II to crown ( s.o.; also fig. s.th. with)
V to be crowned
 pl. tjn crown; miter (of a
bishop) t. al-amd capital of a
column or pilaster); t. al-kura
calotte
tuwaij little crown, coronet
tatwj crowning, coronation
tgo and tgland (Eg. spelling)
Togo (region in W Africa)
( ( see
tratan once; sometimes, at times
( auran), ( ur) opportunity, he had the chance .
sometimes sometimes, at times at
other times
taurh Torah, Pentateuch; Old Testament
turpd, turbd torpedo (sub-marine
missile)
turbn pl. -t turbine
torta pl. -t pie, tart
( ( tqa u (tauq, tawaqn) to long.,
yearn, wish ( for), hanker ( after),
desire, crave, covet ( s.th.), strive (
for), aspire ( to)
tauq, tawaqn longing,
yearning, craving, desire
tawwq longing, yearning, eager (
for), craving ( s.th)
tiq longing, yearning, eager (
for), craving ( s.th)
( tka ammya; eg.) belt buckle
(mil.)
tl tulle
see
tn and tna (zool.)
( Turk. tun) tunj bronze
tnus2 Tunis
tnisy pl. tawnisa Tunisian
(adj. and n.)
tniya pl. alb of priests and deacons
(Chr.)
( ( tha u and II = ( ( tha i and II
tha daughter
( It. teatro) tiytr theater
taital pl. see
ttns tetanus (med.)
( ( ta i to be destined, be foreordained
(by fate, by God; to s.o.); to be granted,
be given ( to s.o.) IV to destine,
foreordain ( to s.o. s.th.); to grant,
afford, offer ( s.o. s.th.); pass. uta to
be destined, be foreordained, be granted,
be given ( to s.o.)( uta) he
met with success, he was successful;
( fura) he was given the
tayyr pl. -t flow, stream, course, current,
flood; fall (of a stream); movement,
tendency, trend; draft (of air); (el.)
currentO ( mubir) and
mustamirr) direct current; O
( mutanwib) and O
(mutagayyir) alternating current; O
mutadabdib) oscillating current
(el.); O ( nbi) pulaoting current;
99 O ( sar at-taraddud)
high-frequency current; O
(ba at-taraddud) low-frequency current;
O ( l l-jahd) heigh-tension
current; O ( wI al-jahd)
low-tension current; O ( dt) self-
induced current
O matr (Byr.) dynamo, generator
( Turk. teyze) tza maternal aunt
tais pl. atys, tuys billy goat
atys2 foolish, crazy
al-humm t-tfdya typhoid
fever
tfs typhus
tka fem. of the demonstrative pronoun
dka
1
II (from Turk. tel) to cable, wire, telegraph
(syr.)
2
tl hemp; linen
3
tla fiber, staple
1
( ( tma I (taim) to become enslaved,
enthralled by love; to enslave, make
blindly subservient ( s.o.; through love) II
to enslave, enthrall (love; s.o.); to make
 blindly subservient, drive out of his mind,
infatuate ( s.o.; love)
mutayyam enslaved, enthralled (by
love), infatuated
2 reprisal or
taim Taima (oasis in NW Arabia)
see
tn (coll.; n. un. )fig ( auk)
fruit of the Indian fig (Opuntia ficusindica
Haw.)
tainika see alphabetically
( ( tha i to get lost, wander about, 1ose
one's way, go astray; to stray, wander
(thoughts); to escape ( s.o.), slip (
s.o.s memory); to perish, be destroyed, be
lost; to be perplexed, startled, astonished;
to be haughty; to swagger, boast, brag (
to s.o.) asmile flits
over his face II to mislead, lead astray (
s.o.); to distract, divert ( s.o.); to confuse,
confound, bewilder ( s.o.) IV = II
th desert, trackless wilderness; maze,
labyrinth; haughtiness, pride
tayyh straying, stray, wandering;
haughty
taihn2 straying, stray, wandering;
perplexed, at a loss, bewildered; proud,
hughty
taih2 and matha a trackless,
desolate region; maze, labyrinth
tih straying, stray, wandering,
roving, errant; lost in thought, distracted,
absent-minded; lost, forlorn; infinite;
haughty
( Engl.) tulip
abbreviation of second (time unit)
t name of the letter
taiba a ( tab) and VI to yawn
tuab yawning, yawn; fatigue,
weariness
taara a (tar) to avenge the blood of ( or
), take blood revenge ( for 100 s.o.
killed), take vengeance, avenge o.s. (
on s.o. for, also or for) IV and VIII
ittaara to get ones revenge, be
avenged
tar pl. -t atr, tr revenge,
vengeance, blood revenge; retaliation,
to take
revenge, avenge o.s.; mubrt
at-t. return match (sports)
tir avenger
tull and tulla pl. tall2
wart
ta scars
tabata u ( tabt, tubt) to stand
firm, be fixed, stationary, immovable,
unshakable, firm, strong, stable; to hold
out, hold one's ground ( against s.o. or
s.th.), be firm, remain firm ( toward s.o.
or s.th.), withstand, resist, defy ( s.o. or
s.th.); to be established, be proven (fact);
to remain, stay ( at a place); to maintain
( s.th.), keep, stick, adhere ( to
s.th.), abide or stand by s.th. ( ;e.g., by
an agreement); to insist ( on)
( f wajhih) to hold ones own against
s.o., assert o.s. against s.o. II to fasten,
make fast, fix ( s.th.); to consolidate,
strengthen ( s.th.); to stabilize ( s.th.);
to confirm, corroborate, substantiate (
s.th.); to appoint permanently (. s.o.; to an
office); to prove, establish ( s.th.),
demonstrate, show ( that); to prove
guilty, convict ( a defendant); to
confirm (Chr.) ( baarahu) to
fix ones eyes on, gaze at;
(qadamaihi) to gain a foothold IV to
establish, determine ( s.th.); to assert as
valid or authentic, affirm ( s.th.); to
confirm, corroborate, substantiate (
s.th.); to prove ( s.th. to s.o.; to
s.o., that); to demonstrate, show (
s.th.); to furnish competent evidence (
for); to bear witness, attest ( to); to
acknowledge ( s.th., e.g., a qualification,
a quality, in s.o.), concede ( s.th. to
s.o.); to prove guilty, convict ( a
defendant); to enter, record, register, list (
s.th. in a book, in a rooter, etc.)
( waraq) to put s.th. down in
writing, get s.th. on paper;
(aa) to determine s.o.s identity,
identify s.o.; ( ayatah) to
identify o.s., prove ones identity V to
ascertain, verify ( s.th., if), make sure
( of s.th., if); to consider carefully (
s.th.), proceed with caution ( in) X to
show o.s. stead-fast, persevering; to seek
to verify ( s.th.), try to make sure ( of),
seek confirmation of or reassurance with
regard to ( ;)to ascertain, verify ( s.th.),
make sure ( of s.th.); to find right,
proven or true, see confirmed ( s.th.); to
regard as authentic ( s.th.)
tabt firm, fixed, established;
steadfast, unflinching; brave
tabat reliable, trustworthy, credible
tabat pl. atbt list, index, roster
tabt firmness; steadiness,
constancy, permanence, stability;
certainty, sureness; perseverance,
persistence, endurance; continuance,
maintenance, retention ( of s.th.),
adherence ( to)
tubt constancy, immutability,
steadiness; permanence, durability;
certainty, sureness t. a-ahr
the official determination of the beginning
of a lunar month
atbat more reliable, firmer, steadier,
etc.
tatbt consolidation, strengthening;
stabilization; confirmation; corroboration,
substantiation sirr at-t. the tajja u to flow coplously
Sacrament of Confirmation (Chr.)
itbt establishment; assertion;
confirmation; affirmation, attestation;
demonstration; proof, evidence; 101
registration, entering, listing, recording;
documentation, authentication,
verification witness for the
prosecution; ib al-i. burden of the enemy;
proof (jur.)
itbt affirmative, confirmatory,
corroborative, positive
tatabbut ascertainment; verification,
examination, check; careful, cautious
procedure, circumspection; interment (of
the remains of a saint; Chr.)
tbit firm, fixed, established;
stationary, immovable; steady, invariable,
constant, stable; permanent, lasting,
durable, enduring; confirmed, proven; a
constant t. al-ja undismayed,
fearless, staunch, steadfast; t.
al-azm firmly resolved, determined;
and immovable property, real
estate, realty; O t. al-ittijh
unidirectional, rectified (el.)
tbita pl. tawbit2 fixed star
matbt established, confirmed;
certain, sure, positive, assured; proven
tabara u to destroy, ruin ( s.o.); (
tubr) to perish III to apply o.s. with zeal
and perseverance ( to s.th.), persevere,
persist ( in)
tubr ruin, destruction
)or) nd (da) bi-l-wail wa-t-t.
to wail, burst into loud laments
mutbara persistence,
perseverance, endurance; diligence,
assiduity
tabaa u and II to hold back, keep, prevent
( s.o. from doing s.th.); to hinder,
handicap, impede, slow down, set back (
s.o., s.th.); to bring about the failure (
of s.th.), frustrate ( s.th.)
tubna pl. tuban lap, fold of a garment
(used as a receptacle)
tibn = tubna
look up alphabetically
tajjj coplously flowing, streaming
tauna u to be or become thick, thicken; to
be firm, solid, compact IV to wear out,
exhaust, weaken ( s.o.)
(arban) to wallop s.o., give s.o. a sound
thrashing; ( aduw) to massacre
to weaken s.o. by
inflicting wounds
tian, tana, tuna
thickness, density; consistency;
compactness
tan pl. tuan2 thick; dense
tady and tadyan m. and f., pl. atd
female breast; udder
tarr abounding in water ( dam)
tear-wet, tear-blurred (eye)
 taraba i (tarb) and II to blame, censure (
and s.o.)
tatrb blame, censure, reproof
tartara ( tartara) to chatter, prattle
tartr prattler, chatterbox;
tartra do. (fem.)
tartara chatter, prattle
tarada u to crumble and sop ( bread)
jarid a dish of sopped bread, meat
and broth
mitrad bowl
tarama i (tarm) to knock s.o.o ( )tooth
out; -- tarima a (taram) to have a gap
between two teeth
( and ( tariya a to become wealthy
IV to become or be rich, wealthy ( or
through s.th.); to make rich, enrich ( s.o.)
102
taran moist earth; ground, soil
aina t-t. min t-turayy
(proverbially of things of disproportionate
value) what has the ground to do with the
Pleiades? ( ayyaba) approx.:
may God rest him in peace!
2
tary pl. atriy wealthy,
rich t. al-ilarb war profiteer,
nouveau riche
taryt plantations
tarwa and tar fortune, wealth,
riches ahl at-t. the rich, the
wealthy; ( qaumya) national
wealth; ( mya) abundance of
water, abundant supply of water (of a
region)
turayy Pleiades; (also )pl.
turayyt chandelier
mutr wealthy, rich
tubn pl. tabn snake t. mind)
al-m eel
tubn snaky, snakelike,
serpentine; eely
matab pl. matib2 drain
tula fox
2
talab pl. talib fox (mind, eyes)
alopecia (med.), loss of hair
talab foxy, foxlike
talaba vixen; O tetter (med)
tagir pl. tugr front tooth; mouth;
port, harbor, inlet, bay; seaport
tagra pl. tugar breach, crevasse,
crack, rift, crevice; opening, gap; cavity,
hollow; narrow mountain trail
tagam white, whiteness
tgim white (adj.)
) )tag u ( tug) to bleat (sheep)
tug bleating, bleat
tgin bleating
(tagiya) he has absolutely nothing, he is
deprived of all resources, prop.: he has
neither a bleating (sheep) nor a braying
(camel)
tafar pl. atfr crupper (of the saddle)
tufl dregs, lees, sediment; residues
III to associate ( with s.o.), frequent s.o.s
( )company; to pursue, practice ( s.th.)
taftna pl. -t, tifan callus,
callosity
look up alphabetically
see
taqaba u (taqb) to bore, or drill, a hole (
in s.th.), pierce, puncture, perforate (
s.th.) II do. II and IV to light, kindle (
s.th.) V and VII to be pierced, be
punctured, be perforated
taqb piercing, boring, puncture,
perforation; (also tuqb pl. tuqb,
atqb) hole, puncture, borehole, drill hole
tuqba pl. tuqab hole
and d al-tiqb match-
stick; matches
tuqb keenness, acuteness (of the
mitqab pl. matqib2 borer,
drill, gimlet, auger, brace and bit, wimble,
perforator; drilling machine
itqb kindling, lighting
dqib penetrating, plercing, sharp
t. an-naar
perspicacity; sharp-eyed; t. al-
 fikr sagacity, acumen, mental acuteness; s.th.); not to bother ( about); to be too
shrewd, sagacious, sharp-witted dull, too sluggish ( for s.th., to do s.th.)
X to find heavy, hard. burdensome,
tqibt borers (zool.) 103 troublesome ( s.th.), find annoying (
taqifa a (taqf) to find, meet ( s.o.); -- s.o.. s.th.)( illah) to find s.o.
taqifa a and taqufa u to be skillful, smart, unbearable, dislike s.o.
clever II to make straight, straighten ( tiql pl. atql weight; burden
s.th.); to correct, set right, straighten out ( load; gravity; heaviness raf al-
s.th.); to train, form, teach, educate ( a. weight lifting (athlet.);
s.o.); to arrest ( s.o.); to seize, confiscate (nau) specific gravity
( s.th.) III to fence ( with s.o.) V to be
tiqal heaviness; sluggishness,
trained, be educated
dullness
taqfa culture, refinement;
education; (pl. -t) culture, civilization taqal pl. atql load, baggage
at-taqaln the humans and the jinn
taqf educational; intellectual;
cultural ( mulaq) cultural taqla trouble, inconvenience,
attach discomfort
tatqf cultivation of the mind; taqala heaviness; sluggishness,
training, education; instruction doltishness; dullness
mutqafa fencing, art or sport of taql pl. tuqal2, tiql
fencing, swordplay, swordsmanship heavy; weighty, momentous, grave,
serious, important; burdensome,
tataqquf culturedness, culture,
troublesome, cumbersome, oppressive;
refinement, education
unpleasant, disagreeable, distasteful
mutaqqaf educated; trained; (person) t. ad-dam insufferable,
cultured unpleasant, disagreeable (person);
taqula u (tiql, taqla) to be heavy; with t. ar-r doltish, dull (person); a
to load or burden s.th., make s.th. bore; t. a-ill disagreeable,
heavy; to be hard to bear ( for s.o.), insufferable (person); t. al-fahm
weigh heavily ( on), be burdensome, slow of understanding, slow-witted;
cumbersome, oppressive ( to s.o.); to t. as-sam hard of hearing;
be heavy-handed. sluggish, doltish, dull- (ina) heavy industry; heavy
witted; to be too dull, too sluggish ( for water (phys.)
s.th. to do s.th.), not to bother (or about) II atqal2 heavier; more oppressive
to make heavy, weight ( s.th.); to
mitql pl. matql2 weight
burden, encumber ( s.o., with s.th.),
(also s.th. placed as an equipoise on the
overburden ( s.o.), overtax s.o.s ()
scales of a balance); miskal, a weight (in
strength, ask too much ( of s.o.); to
Egypt = 24 . = g) m.
trouble, inconvenience, bother ( s.o.
104 darra the weight of a dust speck, i.e.,
with s.th.), pester, molest ( s.o.)
a tiny amount; a little bit; a little
and ( khilah) to burden s.o.
of, a little bit of
or s.th; to burden the budget
IV to burden ( , s.o., s.th.); to oppress, tatql weighting, burdening;
distress ( s.o.). weigh heavily ( on); to be molestation
hard to bear ( for s.o.) tatqul sluggishness, dullness
(khilah) see II; VI to become or be
heavy; to be troublesome, burdensome ( mutaqqal and mutqal burdened,
to s.o.), trouble. oppress ( s.o.); to encumbered; overloaded; weighted (
be sluggish. doltish. slow; to be in a bad with s.th.); oppressed ( by); heavy
mood, be sullen, grumpy; to find mutatqil sluggish, dull; sullen,
burdensome and turn away ( from grumpy
 takila a (takal) to lose a child (), also: to
be bereaved of a loved one ( )by death IV
atkala l-umma waladuh to
bereave a mother of her son
takal state of one who has lost a
friend or relative; mourning over the loss
of a loved one
takln (2) bereaved of a child
takl bereaved of a child (mother)
tkila pl. tawkil2 bereaved of
a child (mother)
tukn pl. tukan, -t barracks (mil.)
talla u ( talal) to tear down, destroy,
overthrow, subvert ( s.th., esp.
aran to topple a throne) VII to be
subverted, overthrown (throne)
tulla pl. tulal troop, band, party, group
(of people); military detachment
talaba i (talb) to criticize, run down (
s.o.); to slander, defame ( s.o.)
talb slander, defamation
matlaba pl. matlib2
shortcoming, defect, blemish, stain,
disgrace
tlib slanderous, defamatory;
slanderer
II to triple, make threefold ( s.th.); to do
three times ( s.th.)
tult pl. atlt one third; tulut a
sprawling, decorative calligraphic style
talta (f. talt) three;
taltan three times, thrice
talt tertiary; Tertiary (geol.)
pre-Tertiary
taltata aara, f.
talta arata thirteen
at-tlit the third; tlitan thirdly;
/ of a second
taltn thirty
at-talat and yaum at-t.
Tuesday
tult2 and mutallat three at a
time
tult tripartite, consisting of three,
(gram.) triliteral, consisting of three
radicals; tri-; trio (mus. ) t. z-
zawy triangular; t. l-
waraqt trifoliate
tlt Trinity (CM.); trinity, triad;
triplet zahrat at-t. pansy
(bot.)
tatlt doctrine of the Trinity; Trinity
(Chr.)
tatlt trigonometric(al)
mutallat tripled, triple, threefold;
having three diacritical dots (letter);
triangular; (pl. -t) triangle (geom.)
( rya), ( alam) and
the tricolor; ( add) acute-
angled triangle; m. az-zawy
triangular; ( mutasw
s-sqain) isosceles triangle;
equilateral triangle;
right-angled triangle
al-mutallatt and
isb al-m. trigonometry
talaja u: ( samu) it snowed,
was snowing; -- talija a to be delighted,
105 be gladdened (soul, heart; by) II to
cool with ice ( s.th.); to freeze, turn into
ice ( s.th.) IV it snowed, was
snowing; to cool, moisten ( s.th.)
( adrah) to delight, please, gratify
s.o. V to become icy, turn into ice,
congeal; to freeze
talj pl. tulj snow; ice; artificial
ice nadfat at-t. snowflake
talj snowy, snow- (in compounds);
icy, glacial, ice- (in compounds)
talj icy
tallj pl. -n ice vendor
tallja pl. -t iceberg, ice floe;
refrigerator, icebox
matlaja pl. matlij2 icebox,
refrigerator; cold-storage plant
matlj snow-covered; iced, icy;
frozen food; iced beverages
mutallaj iced; icy, ice-cold
talama i (talm) to blunt, make jagged (
s.th.), break the edge of ( ;)to make a
 breach, gap or opening ( in a wall); to
defile, sully ( reputation, honor);
--talima a to be or become jagged, dull,
blunt II to blunt ( s.th.) V to become
blunt VII to be defiled, be discredited
(reputation)
talm nick, notch; breach, opening,
gap; crock, fissure, rift t. a-t
defamation
tulma pl. tulam = talm
sadda talmatan to fill a gap;
(tusaddu) a gap that cannot be closed, an
irreparable loss
talim dull, blunt
matlm defiled, sullied (reputation,
honor)
mutatallim blunted, blunt; cracking
(voice)
muntalim a-t of ill repute,
of dubious reputation
tamma there min tamma hence, therefore,
for that reason
tumma then, thereupon; furthermore,
moreover; and again, and once more
(emphatically in repetition)
(kall) no and a hundred times no!
min tamma then, thereupon
tammata ( )there; there is
there isn't
tumm a grass( arafi mutamman prized, valued,
t-t.) within easy reach, handy;
he made it readily
understandable, he presented it plsusibly
for all
look up alphabetically
tamara u to bear fruit IV do. X to profit,
benefit ( from); to exploit, utilize (
s.th.); to invest profitably ( money)
tamar pl. timr, atmr
fruits, fruit (coll.); result, effect, fruit,
fruitage; yield, profit, benefit, gain
tamara (n. un. of tamar) pl. -t
fruit; result, effect; yield, profit, benefit,
gain
istitmr exploitation (also pol.-
econ.), utilization, profitable use
mutmir fruitful, productive,
profitable, lucrative
mustatmir pl. -n exploiter (pol.-
econ.); beneficiary
tamila a (tamal) to become drunk IV to
make drunk, intoxicate ( s.o.)
tamal intoxication, drunkenness
tamala drunken fit, drunkenness
tamil intoxicated, drunk(en)
tumla residue, remnant, dregs (of a
liquid), heeltap (of wine); .cum, foam,
froth 106
1
II to appraise, asses, estimate ( s.th.),
determine the price or value ( of s.th.); to
price ( s.th.) l yutammanu
invaluable, inestimable, priceless
pl. atmn, atmina price,
cost; value( al) cost price;
( ass) par, nominal value
tamn costly, precious, valuable
atman2 costlier, more precious,
more valuable
tatmn estimated, appraisal,
assessment, valuation, rating
matmn object of value
mutammin estimator, appraiser
assessor
valuable, precious
mutmin costly, precious, valuable
mutman object of value
2
tamniya (f. tamnin) eight
tamniyata aara, f.
tamniya arata eighteen
pl. atmn one-eighth
tumna pl. -t a dry measure (Eg. =
1/3 . = l; Pal. = ca. 2.25 l)
tamnn eighty
at-tmin the eighth
mutamman eightfold; octagonal
tunna pl. tunan fetlock
 tunduwa pl. tandin breast (of the tanaw dualist
male) tanawya dualism
tan i (tany) to double, double up, fold, tan laudatory, eulogistic
fold up, fold under ( s.th.); to bond, flex
( s.th.); to turn away, dissuade, keep, tun twofold, double, dual,
prevent, divert ( s.o. from) binary, bi-; biradical (gram.); duet, duo
( inna farasih) he galloped off II to (mus.) ( muarrik t. l-
double, make double ( s.th.); to do twice, miwr) two-cycle engine
repeat ( s.th.); to pleat, plait ( s.th.); to O tunya dualism; duet, duo
form the dual ( of a word); to provide (mus.)
with two diacritical dots ( a letter) IV to
commend, praise, laud, extol ( s.th., itnni, f. itnatni two
s.o.), speak appreciatively ( of) itn aara, f. itnat
( ira tan) to speak in the arata twelve
most laudatory terms of s.o. V to double,
become double; to be doubled; to be yaum al-itnaini and
repeated; to bond, fold; to be bent, be Monday
folded. be folded up or under; to walk at-tn the second; the next;
with a swinging gait VII to bend, bend up, tniyan and tniyatan secondly; for
down or over, lean, incline, bow; to fold, the second time, once more, again
be foldable, be folded back; to turn away ( t. itnain the second of a pair, pendant,
from), give up, renounce ( s.th.); to companion piece, match
turn, face (I toward); to apply o.s., turn (
tniya pl. tawnin second (time
to s.th.); (with foll. imperf.) to set out,
unit)
prepare (to do s.th.) X to except, exclude (
or s.th. or s.o. from), make an tnaw secondary; minor
exception ( of s.th.) matters of secondary importance, minor
matters; secondary school;
tany bonding; folding; turning away,
subletting
dissuasion, keeping, prevention
tatniya repetition; plaiting, pleating;
tiny pl. atn fold, pleat, plait,
doubling, gemination; (gram.) dual;
crease (in cloth); bond, twist
second sequel (e.g., of a collection of
tinyan bada tinyin from time to time
short stories); commendation, praise,
atn (prep.) during; in the course eulogy Deuteronomy
of f atni do.; ,
intin bending, flection; flexibility,
in the meantime, during all
foldability foldable, folding
this time, meanwhile
intina pl. -t (n. vic.) bend,
tanya pl. tanyt fold, pleat, plait,
flexure, curve
crease (in cloth)
istitn exception, exclusion
tanya pl. tany middle incisor;
with the exception of, except;
narrow pass; mountain trail in,
without exception
inside, among, between, frequently only a
fuller, rhetorically more elegant istitn exoeptional;
expression for "in". e.g., in his istitnyan as an exception
heart, inwardly, in the book; emergencies; ( jalsa)
in, inside, among, between; emergency session
all at-t. one with high-flung matny folded; plaited, pleated;
aspirations 107 doubled
tan commendation, praise, eulogy; mutannan ouble, twofold; in the
appreciation dual (gram.)
tun2 and matn two at a time
 mustatnan excepted, excluded (
from)
see
1
) )tba u to return, come back (also,
e.g., a state or condition, or to s.o.);
with : to return s.th. ( to s.o.)
to regain consciousness, come to;
( ruduh) to recover ones senses
II to reward ( s.o.; said of God) IV to
repay, requite ( s.th. with); to reward (
s.o. for) X to seek reward
taub pl. tiyb, atwb
garment, dress; cloth, material; (fig.) garb,
outward appearance, guise, cloak, mask;
pl. clothes, clothing, apparel
t. as-suhra formal dress, evening
clothes; in plain, homely form;
of flawless character,
irreproachable
tawb requital, recompense, reward
(for good deeds); (Isl. Law) merit, credit
(arising from a pious deed)
matba requital, recompense,
reward (bestowed by God for good deeds)
matb and matba place to
which one returns; meeting place;
rendezvous; resort, refuge
matba (with foll. genit.) place or
time at which s.th. appears or recurs; 108
manner, mode, fashion; see also preceding
entry ( with foll. genit.) like, as;
tantamount to, equivalent to, having the
same function as
2
= )VI) to yawn
) )tra u to stir, be stirred up, be
aroused, be excited; to swirl up, rise
(dust); to arise (question, problem; a
difficulty, f wajhih before s.o.);
to be triggered, be unleashed, break out; to
revolt, rebel, rise ( against); to rage,
storm ( tiroh) to fly into a
rage, become furious, flare up IV to
agitate, excite ( s.o., s.th.); to stimulate
( s.o., s.th.); to irritate ( s.o., s.th.); to
arouse, stir up, kindle, excite ( s.th., e.g.,
feelings), cause, provoke, awaken (
s.th.); to raise, pose, bring up (
masalatan a question, a problem)
( tiratah) to infuriate s.o., excite
s.o. X to excite, stir up, kindle ( s.th.,
esp. passions); to rouse ( s.th.); to
arouse, awaken ( s.th., esp. feelings); to
elicit, evoke ( wails, outcries, from
s.o.); to incite, set ( s.o. against)
( gaabah) to infuriate s.o.,
make s.o. angry
taur pl. trn bull, steer; ox;
Taurus (astron.) rabat
dail at-t. oxtail soup
taura excitement, agitation;
outbreak, outburst, fit (of fury, of despair,
etc.); eruption (of a volcano); (pl. -t)
upheaval, uprising, insurrection, riot,
rebellion, revolt, revolution
(ahlya) internal strife, civil war
taur revolutionary (adj. and n.)
tauraw revolutionary (adj. and
n.)
tawarn agitation, excitation,
flare-up, emption, outbreak, outburst, dust
whirl
matr incentive, stimulus, motive,
spur, occasion, cause m. al-
jadal and object of controversy,
point of contention
itra excitation, stirring up,
kindling; agitation, incitement;
provocation, (a)rousing, awakening;
irritation, stimulation
tir excited, agitated, raving,
furious, mad; rebellious; fury, rage (in the
idiomatic phrase see above); (pl.
tuwwr) insurgent, rebel,
revolutionary
tira pl. tawir2 tumult;
excitement, agitation; fury, rage
mutr exciting; provocative;
stimulative, irritative; excitant, irritant,
stimulant; instigator; germ, agent; pl.
stimulants
triym thorium (chem.)
VII to swarm, crowd, throng ( around
s.o.); to come over s.o. ()
law and t. an-nl swarm of
bees
tm (coll.; n. un. )garlic
 taw i ( taw, tuwy, matwan) ( pronounced nreg, from Turk.
to stay, live ( at a place); to settle down (
at a place); pass. tuwiya to be buried IV
to stay, live; to lodge, put up as a guest (
s.o.)
tawy guestroom
twa pl. tuwan signpost, road-
sign
matwan pl. matwin abode,
habitation, dwelling; place of rest
tayyib pl. -t a deflowered but unmarried
woman, widow, divorce
taital pl. taytil2 a variety of wild goat
(Capra jaela) 109
jtalq =
juju pl. jaji2 breast; prow, bow
(of a ship)
jaara a (jar, jur) to low, moo; to
supplicate, pray fervently ( to God)
jar, and jur, lowing, mooing
(of cattle)
1
giiz pl. -t (Eg. spelling) gas
2
jz jazz
( Fr. gazon, Eg. spelling) gzn lawn
jaaa a (ja) to be agitated, be
convulsed (with pain or fright)
ja emotional agitation; heart,
soul rabaa jaah to remain
calm, composed, self-possesed;
or calm, composed, cool, self-
possessed, undismayed; with
unswerving courage, unflinchingly
and akta jacket, coat
galn gallon
( Eg. spelling) galr gallery (theat.)
jm pl. t cup; drinking vessel; bowl
jmakya pl. -t, jawmik2 pay
jms pl. jawms2 buffalo
jmsa buffalo cow
canerii; coll.; n. un. nrgye) a variety
of small green plum with several stones
(syr.)
jh rank, standing, dignity, honor, glory,
fame
jwa Java
jw Javanese; benzoin; (pl. -n) a
Javanese
jwadr rye
w sergeant =
1
jubb pl. ajbb, jibb well,
cistern; pit
2
jubba pl. jubab, , jibb,
jabib2 jubbah, a long outer garment,
open in front, with wide sleeves
jab pl. ajbu, jib, ajb
beehive
jabna, jabana powder magazine;
ammunition; artillery depot
jabara u (jabr, jubr) to set (
broken bones); to restore, bring back to
normal ( s.th.); to help back on his feet,
help up ( s.o.; e.g., on. fallen into
poverty); to force, compel ( s.o. to do
s.th.) ( oirah) to console,
comfort, gratify, oblige s.o.; to treat (s.o.)
in a conciliatory or kindly manner II to set
( broken bones) III to treat with kindness
with friendliness ( s.o.), be nice ( to s.o.)
IV to force, compel ( s.o. to do s.th.);
to hold sway ( over) V to show o.s.
proud, haughty; to act strong, throw ones
weight around; to show o.s. strong or
powerful, demonstrate ones strength or
power; to be set (broken bones)
( bi-bnika) God has demonstrated His
power on your son, i.e., He has taken him
unto Himself VII to be mended. repaired,
restored
jabr setting (of broken bones); force,
compulsion; coercion, duress; power, 110
might; (predestined, inescapable) decree
of fate; jab,an forcibly, by force
ilm al-j. algebra; yaum j.
al-bar a local holiday of Cairo (the day
on which, in former times, the water of the
Nile was channeled into the now-
abandoned alg, or City Canal, thus mar
 ng the beginning of the irrigation
season)
jabr algebraic; compulsory,
forced; -- jabar an adherent of the
doctrine of predestination and the
inescapability of fate; fatalist
jabarya an Islamic school of
thought teaching the inescapability of fate;
fatalism
jabbr, pl. -n, jabbir2,
jabbira giant; colossus; tyrant,
oppressor; almighty, omnipotent (God);
gigantic, giant, colossal, huge; Orion
(astron.) j. al-u.wa striding
powerfully, tang buge strides
jibra (art of) bonesetting
jabra and jbra pl. coward ( to do s.th.), shrink ( from
jabir2 splint (surg.)
jabart omnipotence; power,
might; tyranny
jibriy2 pride, haughtiness
O tajbr, orthopedics
ijbr compulsion, coercion
ijbr forced, forcible,
compulsory, obligatory
compulsory recruitment; military
conscription
jbir and mujabbir, bonesetter
majbr and mujbar forced,
compelled
jabral2 jibrl2 Gabriel
2
II to plaster, coat, patch, or fix with
plaster ( s.th.); to put in a cast, set in
plaster ( s.th.)
jibs gypsum; plaster of Paris
jabbsa gypsum quarry; plaster
kiln
2
jabas (coll.; n. un. ;syr.) watermelon(s)
1
jabala u i (jabl) to mold, form, shape,
fashion ( s.th.); to knead ( s.th.); to
create ( s.o. with a natural disposition
or propensity for); pass. ( jubila) to
be born for, be naturally diaposed to, bave
a propensity for
jibla, jibilla pl. -t natural
disposition, nature, temper
2
jabal pl. jibl, ajbl mountain;
mountains, mountain range j.
al-alb the Alpes; the Aurs
Mountains (in E Algeria); iceberg;
j. sn Mount Sinai;
Gibraltar; volcano
jabal mountainous, hilly; mountain
(adj.); montane; (pl. -n) highlander,
mountaineer
gabalw (eg.) highlander,
mountaineer
gabalya pl. -t (eg.) grotto, cave
jabuna u (jubn, jabna) to be a
coward, be fearful; to be too much of a
s.th.) II to cause to curdle ( milk); to
make into cheese ( s.th.); to curdle; to
accuse of cowardice, call a coward ( s.o.)
V to curdle (milk), turn into cheese
jubn and jabna cowardice
jubn and jubna cheese
jabn pl. juban2 coward;
cowardly
jabbn cheese merchant
jabn pl. jubun, ajbina,
ajbun forehead, brow; faade, front; face
min jabn I alone;
in the sky 111
jabn frontal
ajban2 more cowardly
jabbna pl. -t cemetery
tajbn cheese making, processing
into cheese
1
jabaha a to moot, face, confront ( s.o.) III
to face, confront, oppose, defy ( s.o.,
s.th.), show a hold front ( to); to face ( a
problem, a difficulty)
jabha pl. jibh, jabaht
forehead, brow; front, face, faade;
frontline, battle front
mujbaha facing, confrontation,
opposition
2
see
 jab i ( jibya) to collect, raise, levy (
taxes, duties) II to prostrate o.s. (in
prayer) VIII to pick, choose, elect ( s.th.,
s.o.)
jibya raising, levying (of taxes);
(pl. oat) tax, duty, impost
jib tax- (in compounds); fiscal
majban pl. majbin tax,
impost
jbin pl. jubh tax collector,
revenue officer, collector; (bus, etc.)
conductor (ir.)
jbiya pl. jawbin pool, basin
jat (abbreviation of ) cosine
(math.)
jatta (jatt) and VIII to tear out, uproot ( a
tree, also fig.)
jutta pl. jutat, ajtt body;
corpse, cadaver; carcass
muitat uprooted (also fig.)
jatl thick, dense (esp. hair)
jitlq pl. jatliqa catholicos, primate jaaa a ( ju) to bulge, protrude
of the Armenian Church
jatama u i (jatm, jutm) to alight, sit,
perch (bird); to crouch, cower; to fall or
lie prone, lie face down; to beset, oppress
( s.th.)
jatma (n. vic.) motionless sitting or
lying
jutm and jtm nightmare, to ruin. destroy ( s.o., s.th.); to wrong (
incubus
jutmn pl. -t hody, mortal frame
jutmn hodily, physical,
corporeal
jtim pl. juttam squatting,
crouching; perching; prostrate, prone
( ( jat u (jutuw) to kneel, root on the
knees; to bend the knee, genullect; to fall
on ones knees
jutw kneeling pooition
jutwa rock pile, mound; sepulchral
mound, tumulus
majtan hassock
jtin kneeling; Hercules
(astron.)
jada a (jaid, jud) to negate (
s.th.); to disclaim, disavow, disown, deny
( s.th.); to refuse, reject, repudiate (
s.th.); to renounce, forswear, adjure ( a
belief); to deny ( s.o. his right)
( jamlah) to he ungrateful to s.o.
jad denial; repudiation, disavowal,
rejection, disclaimer; unbelief (rel.)
jud denial; evasion, dodging,
shirking (of a moral obligation);
ingratitude; repudiation, disavowal,
rejection, disclaimer; unbelief (rel.)
jid denier; infidel, unbeliever
VII to hide in ito hole or den (animal)
jur pl. ajr, jur
hole, den, lair, burrow (of animals) 112
ja pl. ji, jin,
aj young donkey; (pl. ju)
trestle, horse
jaa young female donkey
(eyeball)
juz al-ain exophthalmic goiter,
abnormal protrusion of the eyeball
jaafa a (jaf) to peel off, scrape off (
s.th.); to sweep away ( s.th.); to have a
bias ( for), side ( with s.o.) IV to
harm, hurt, injure, prejudice ( s.o., s.th.);
s.o.)
ijf injustice, wrong; bias,
prejudice
mujif unjust, unfair; biased,
prejudiced
jafala pl. jafil2 multitude,
legion, host, large army; army corps
(Syr.); eminent man
jam f. (also m.) fire, hellfire, hell
jam hellish, infernal
jaa (eg.) to lord it, give o.s. airs; to boast,
brag; (syr.) to dress up (slightly ironical)
ja boaster, braggart
1
jadd pl. judd, ajdd grand-father;
ancestor, forefather ( al) modernness, modernity; O rebirth,
ancestor
jadda pl. -t grandmother
2 Arabia, on Red Sea) 113
jadda i to be new; to be a recent
development, have happened lately, have
recently become a fact; to be added, crop
up or enter as a new factor (circumstances,
costs); to appear for the first time (also,
e.g., on the stage); to be or become
serious, grave; to be weighty, significant,
important; to take s.th.) seriously; to
strive earnestly for), go out of ones
way ( to do s.th.), make every effort (
in); to be serious, be in earnest ( about),
mean business; to hurry ( ones step) II
to renew ( s.th.); to make anew, remake (
s.th.); to modernize ( s.th.); to restore,
renovate, remodel, refit, recondition,
refurbish ( s.th.); to be an innovator, a
reformer; to feature s.th. new or novel,
produce s.th. new; to rejuvenate,
regenerate, revive, freshen up ( s.th.); to
renew, extend ( a permit); to begin anew,
repeat ( s.th.), make a new start ( in
s.th.); to try again ( aah ones
luck) IV to strive, endeavor, take pains; to
apply o.s. earnestly and assiduously (
to), be bent, be intent ( on s.th.); to
hurry ( one's step); to renew, make new
( s.th.) V to become new, be renewed; to
revive X to be new, be added or enter as a
new factor, come newly into existence; to
make new, renew ( s.th.)
iadd pl. judd good luck, good
fortune
jidd seriousness, earnestness;
diligence, assiduity, eagerness; jiddan
very, much and earnestly,
seriously; jiddu bhiin very high
(price); j. amin very great; jaduba u judba) to be or become
( jidda l-itilf) they dry, arid (soil) IV to suffer from drought,
differ widely; ( sqi l-j.) poverty or dearth; to be barren, sterile; to
to apply o.s. with diligence to, take pains
in, make every effort to
jidd serious; earnest; jiddyan
in earnest, earnestly, seriously
jiddya earnestness; seriousness,
gravity (of a situation)
jidda newness, recency, novelty;
renaissance
judda2 Jidda (eeaport in W Saudi
jadd pl. judud, judad new,
recent; renewed; modem; novel,
unprecedented al-jaddn day and
night; anew, again; (eg.)
gadd lang brand-new.
ajadd2 more serious, more intent;
newer, more recent
tajdd renewal (also. e.g., of a
permit); creation of s.th. new origination;
new presentation, new production (theat.);
innovation; reorganization, reform;
modernization; renovation, restoration,
remodeling. refitting. reconditioning,
refurbishing; rejuvenation, regeneration;
pl. -t innovations; new achievements
tajaddud renewal, regeneration,
revival
jdd in earnest, earnest; serious (as
opposed to comic, funny)
jdda pl. t, jawdd2 main street;
street
majdd fortunate. lucky
mujaddid renewer; innovator;
reformer
mujaddad renewed, extended;
remodeled, reconditioned, renovated,
restored; rejuvenated, regenerated, new,
recent, young
mujidd painstaking, diligent,
assiduous
mustajidd new, recent; incipient
come to nothing, go up in smoke, fall flat,
fizzle out; (syr.) to explode in the barrel
(shell; mil.)
jadb drought, barrenness, sterility;
sterile, barren
jadb and ajdab2, f.
jadb2 barren, sterile
 mujdib barren, sterile; desolate,
arid; unproductive, unprofitable
jadat pl. ajdt grave, tomb
judjud pl. jadjid2 cricket (zool.)
1
jadura u ( jadra) to be fit, suitable,
proper. appropriate ( for s.o., for s.th.);
to befit, behoove ( s.o., s.th.); to be
worthy ( of), deserve ( s.th.)
(dikruh) and it is worth
mentioning
jadr wall
jadr pl. -n judar2 worthy, discussion
deserving ( of s.th.); becoming, befitting
( s.th.); proper, suited, suitable fit (
for), appropriate ( to) ( dikr)
worth mentioning
ajdar worthier; more appropriate;
better suited, more suitable
jadra worthiness; fitness,
suitability, aptitude, qualification;
appropriateness
jidr pl. judur, judrn
wall
jidr mural, wall (adj.)
2
judira (pass.) and II to have smallpox
judar, jadar smallpox
majdr and mujaddar
infected with smallpox; pock-marked
mujaddara dish made of rice or
(in Syr.) of bulgur with lentils, onions and
oil (eg., syr.)
jadaa a (jad) to cut off, amputate ( 2
s.th., esp. some part of the body)
bi-jadi l-anf (prop., at the
cost of having the nose cut off) at any
price, regardless of the sacrifice involved
ajda mutilated (by having the
nose, or the like cut off) 114
2
gada (= jada) pl. gidn IV to give as a present ( s.o. s.th.),
(eg.) young man, young fellow; heman
1
II to curse, blaspheme ( s.o., esp.
God)
tajdf imprecation, blasphemy
2
jadafa i and II to row (o a boat)
mijdf pl. majdif2 oar
1
jadala u i (jadl) to twist tight, tighten,
stretch ( a rope); to braid, plait ( s.th.,
the hair, etc.) II to braid, plait, ( s.th.) III
to quarrel, wrangle, bicker ( with s.o.); to
argue, debate ( with s.o.); to dispute,
contest ( s.th.) VI to quarrel, have an
argument; to carry on a dispute
jadal quarrel, argument; debate,
dispute, discussion, controversy
faraa jadalan to assume for the sake
of argument, propose as a basis for
jadal controversial; disputatious;
a disputant
jaddl and mijdl
disputatious, argumentative; mijdl see
also below
jadla pl. jadil2 braid, plait;
tress
mijdl pl. majdil2 flagstone,
ashlar; see also above under jaddl
jidl and mujdala pl. t
quarrel, argument; dispute, discussion,
debate ( yaqbalu)
incontestable, indisputable; l
jidla and bi-l j. incontestably,
indisputably
majdl tightly twisted; braided,
plaited; interwoven, intertwined (tress of
hair); slender and trim, shapely (e.g., leg)
mujdil disputant, opponent in
dispute
jadwal pl. jadwil2 creek, brook,
little stream; column; list, roster; index;
chart, table, schedule( dirs)
curriculum; stock list,
( rija) not quoted (stock
exchange); agenda; working
plan
) )jad u to give a present ( to s.o.)
present ( s.o. with); to be of use, be
useful, profitable( nafan) to be
useful; that wont help you, that
will be of no use (to you);
do.; ( fatlan) = see
X to beg for alms; to implore, beg (
s.o. for s.th.), plead ( for s.th.)
 jad advantage, gain (.r for s.o.)
jadw gift, present; advantage,
benefit, gain ( bi-l) and
( gairi) of no avail, useless, futile, in
vain
ajd more useful, more
advantageous
jady pl. jid, jidyn kid, young attractiveness; charm, fascination;
billy goat; Capricorn (astron.); the
North Star
jadda u (jadd) to cut off, clip ( s.th.)
jadda pl. -t slip of paper; pl.
small pieces, shreds, scraps,
clippings
jadaba i (jadb) to pull, draw ( s.th.); to
attract ( s.th.); to pull out, draw out,
whip out ( s.th.), draw ( a weapon, or
the like); to appeal, prove attractive ( to
s.o.), attract, captivate, charm, allure (
s.o.), win ( s.o.) over ( to ones side) III
to contend ( with s.o.) at pulling, tugging,
etc. ( s.th.) ( abla) to vie
with s.o.; (to be able) to compete with s.o.,
measure up to s.o., be a match for s.o.;
or or jidr, jadr pl. judr root (also
(arfa l-.) he engaged him in
conversation, involved him in a
discussion; ( arfa l- like) ( tarb) square root
ara) to vie with s.o. in culture VI to
pull back and forth ( s.o.); to contend (
for); to attract each other
( arfa l-.) they were deep in
conversstion, they were talking together
VII to be attracted; to be drawn, gravitate
(JI toward, to) VIII to attract ( s.o.,
s.th., to o.s.; also magn.); to allure,
entice ( s.o.); to win ( s.o.) over ( to
one's side); to draw, inhale ( puffs from
a cigarette, etc.)
jadb attraction; gravitation; appeal,
lure, enticement, captivation to
wrest away, take away by force;
( jins) sex appeal
jaddb attractive; magnetic (fig.);
suction, suctorial; winning, fetching,
engaging; charming, enticing, captivating,
gripping
ajdab2 more attractive, more
captivating
injidb attraction, inclination,
pronenesa, tendency
ijtidb attraction; enticement, lure
jdib attractive; magnetic (fig.);
winning, fetubing, engaging; charming,
enticing, captivating, gripping
jdibya gravitation; attraction;
magnetism (fig.); lure, enticementO
j. ataql gravitational force;
( magnaisya) magnetism;
j. al-jins sex appeal
majdb attracted; possessed,
maniacal, insane; (pl. majdib2)
maniac, lunatic, madman, idiot
mustaf l-m. mental hospital
mutajdib mutually attractive;
belonging together, inseparable
munjadib attracted; inclined,
tending ( to)
jadara u (jadr) to uproot, tear out by the
roots ( s.th.) II do.; to extract the root (
of a number; math.); to take root
math.); stem, base, lower end; (pl.
ajdr) stub (of a receipt book, or the
(math.)
jidr, radical, roct (adj.)
tajdr evolution, root extraction
(math.)
jada pl. judn young man, young
fellow (cf. gada); new, incipient
( arbu, jadaatan) the
war broke out again, started all over again;
( l-amra) he reopened the
whole affair, he reverted to the earlier
status
jid pl. ajd, jud stem,
trunk.; stump, tree stump; torso
jid truncal
II to row ( a boat)
mijdf pl. majdif2 oar
jadala a (jadal) to be happy, gay,
exuberant, rejoice IV to make happy,
gladden, cheer ( s.o.)
 jidl pl. ajdl, judl stump hauling; bringing on, causing; genitive
(of a tree)
jadl wooden post on which camels
rub themselves
jada1 gaiety, hilarity, exuberance,
happiness 116
jadil pl. judln gay, hilarious,
cheerful, in high spirits, exuberant, happy
jadln2 gay, hilarious, cheerful, in
high spirits, exuberaut, happy
ijdama i (jadm) to out off, chop off (
s.th., esp. a part of the body); to remove,
ta.ke out, excise ( e.g., the tonsils, the
appendix; surg.); pass. judima to be
afllicted with leprosy
jidm pl. judm, ajdm root towing launch
judm leprosy
judma stubble
ajdm2 pl. jadm mutilated
(from having an arm, a hand, etc., cut off);
leprous; leper
majdm leprous; leper
judmur stump
jadwa, jidwa, judwa pl. jidan, judan,
jid firebrand; burning log
jarra u (jarr) to draw, pull ( s.th.); to
drag, tug, haul ( s.th.): to tow ( s.th.); to
trail ( s.th.); to drag along ( s.o., s.th.);
to draw ( s.th. on s.o.), bring ( s.th.)
down ( upon s.o.); to lead ( to),
bring on, cause ( s.th.); to entail ( e.g.,
some evil, for s.o.); (gram.) to
pronounce the final consonant with i, put
(a word) into tho genitive
(jarratan) to commit an outrage, a crime (
against s.o.); ( quydan) to be jarua u ( jura, jara) to dare,
in shackles, go shackled; venture, risk, hazard ( s.th.), take the
(qurih) to secure advantages for o.s.,
feather ones nest; 117 courage ( for s.th.) II to encourage
(lisnah bi-kalima) he wont let a word
escape his lips IV to ruminate VII passive
of I; to be driven; to be swept along, drift,
float ( wari) to withdraw, with s.o.); to venture ( s.th. or upon
fall back, give way VIII to ruminate
( lmah) to mull over ones grief
jarr pull(ing), drawing, draft.;
traction, drag(ging), tugging, towage,
arf al-j. (gram.) preposition;
wa-halumma jarran and so forth
jarra pl. jirr (earthenware) jar
jarra, jurra trail, track; rut (left by a
wagon) bi-j. qalam with one
stroke of the pen
jirra cud (of a ruminant)
min jarr because of
because of you, on your account, for your
sake
min jari because of, due to
because
jarrr huge, tremendous (army);
potter; (pl. -t) tractor; tugboat, steam tug,
jrr pl. jawrr2 (syr.)
drawer (of a desk, etc.)
jrra (leb.) rake (tool)
jarr pl. jarir2 guilt;
offense, outrage, crime min
jarrati because of, on account of
jarrra pl. -t a variety of
scorpion; tractor
mijarr trace, tug (of a harness)
majarra galaxy
injirrya (eg.) towage charges
for watercraft
majrr drawn, dragged, towed,
etc.; word governed by a preposition,
word in the genitive form; (pl.
magrir2) drain, sewer (eg.);
sewers, sewage system (eg.)
mujtarr ruminant (adj. and n.)
risk ( of, of doing s.th.), have the
( s.o. to s.th.) V to dare, venture, risk.
hazard ( s.th.) VIII to be venturesome,
be daring; to become bold, make bold (
s.th.), have the audacity ( to do s.th.)
jar pl. ajriy2 bold,
courageous ( in s.th.); forward,
 immodest, insolent; daring, reckless, fool-
bardy
jura and jara courage,
boldness, daring; forwardness, insolence
mujtari bold, forward
( Fr.) gar pl. -t garage (eg.)
grm gram (eg.)
grant granite (eg.)
grant granitic (eg.)
2
jariba a (jarab) to be mangy; (eg.) to
fade (color) II to test ( s.th.); to try, try
out, essay ( s.th.); to sample ( s.th.); to
rehearse, practice ( s.th.); to attempt (
s.th.); to put to the test, try, tempt (
s.o.) to try ones hand at;
( ayyma) to gather experience
jarab mange; itch, scabies
jarib mangy; scabby
ajrab2, f. jarb2, pl. (uh) to drag ones feet, shuffle along
jurb and jarbn2 mangy; scabby
jirb pl. ajriba, jurub
sack, bag, traveling bag; knapsack;
scrotum; covering, case; sheath, scabbard
(for the sword)
jurb pl. -t stocking, sock
jarb a patch of arable land
tajriba pl. tajrib2 trial, test;
tryout; attempt; practice, rehearsal;
scientific test, experiment; probation; trial,
tribulation; temptation; experience,
practice; proof sheet, galley proof, also
( mabaya)
tajrb trial, test(ing); trial,
tribulation; temptation
tajrb trial, test (adj.);
experimental; based on experience,
empirical( ilm an-nafs)
experimental psychology
O tajrbya empiricism (philos.)
mujarrib experimental; tester;
examiner; tempter
mujarrab tried, tested; proven or
establisbed by experience, time-tested,
time-tried; experienced, practiced,
seasoned; man of experience
2
look up alphabeticaUy
jarbada =
jurbuz pl. jarbiza impostor,
confidence man, swindler
jarbaza (also )deception,
swindle
jarb (= )pl. jarb2 jerboa
(zool.)
jarabandya (and )knapsack,
rucksack
jurtm, jurtma pl. jartm2
root; origin; germ; microbe, bacillus,
bacterium tat al-j.
inframicrobe
look up alphabetically
jarjara ( jarjara) to gargle; to jerk
or pull back and forth; to trail, drag (
s.th.); to tow away ( s.th.)
II tajarjara pass. and refl. of I
jarara gargling; rombling noise;
rumble, clatter (of a wagon)
jirjir (large, thick) beans
jirjr watercress (eg., syr.) 118
jaraa a (jar to wound ( s.o.); to injure,
hurt ( s.o.; also fig., the feelings) II to
invalidate ( teatimony), challenge,
declare unreliahle ( a witness), take
formal exception ( to) VIII to commit
( an outrage, a crime)
(sayyit) to do evil things
jur pl. jir, jur,
jurt, ajr wound,
injury, lesion
jarr pl. -n surgeon
dental surgeon
jira surgery
jir surgical
(amalya) surgical operation
jar pl. jar wounded,
injured, hurt
tajr surgery; defamation,
disparagement
 jar injuring; wounding, stinging,
painful, hurting; rapacious (beast),
predatory
jria pl. jawri2
predatory animal or bird j.
a-air predatory birds
jawri2 limbes, extremities (of
the hody) with might and
main, with all his strength
majr pl. majr2
wounded, injured, hurt
jarada u (jard) to peel, pare ( s.th.); to
remove the shell, peel, rind or husk ( of
s.th.); to denude, diveet, strip, bare (
s.th.); (com.) to take stock; to make an
inventory ( of goods on hand) II to
peel, pare ( s.th.); to remove the shell,
peel, rind or husk ( of s.th.); to denude,
divest, strip, dispossess, deprive ( or
s.o. or s.th. of); to withhold ( from s.o.
s.th.); to draw, unsheathe ( the
sword); to unleash ( s.th. against
s.o.); to send, dispatch ( a military
detachment, troops, or against
s.o.); to free ( or s.o. or s.th. from);
to isolate ( s.th.); to abstract ( s.th.); to
divest ( ss.o. of his citizenship, of a
rank, of a vested right, etc.)
to disarm s.o.; to free o.s. from,
rid o.s. of, give up s.th. V pass. of II; to
strip o.s., rid o.s., get rid ( or of), free
o.s. ( or from); to be free ( or
from, for a task); to devote o.s.
exclusively ( to s.th.); to give up,
renounce ( or s.th.); to isolate o.s. ;
to be absolute
jard bare, threadbare, shabby, worn;
(com.) inventory; stocktaking
jard without vegetation, barren,
bleak, stark (landscape)
2 2
ajrd , f. jard , pl. jurd (re)sound II to make experienced, inure by
desolate, bleak, without vegetation;
hairless, bald; threadbare shabby, worn
(garment); open, unprotected (border)
jard (coll.; n. un. )locust(s)
( ral) migratory locust(s);
j. al-bar langouste, sea cray-fish;
bi-jardih in its entirety
jard palm branches stripped of
their leaves; jeered, a blunt javelin used in
equestrian games
jarda pl. jarid2 (n. un. of
)palm-leaf stalk; list, register, roster,
index; newspaper( yaumya)
daily newspaper; j. al-mas
the evening papers; and
tho newsreel
ajrd (syr.) beardless, hairless
mijrad pl. majrid2 scraper
tajrd peeling. paring;
disrobement, stripping; denudation;
deprivation; divestment; disarmament;
dispatching (of troops); freeing; isolation;
abstraction disarmament
119
tajrda pl. -t tajrd2
military detachment, expeditionary force
tajarrud freedom ( or from);
isolatedness, isolation; independence,
impartiality; absoluteness; abstractness,
abstraction
mujarrad denuded, bare, naked;
freed, free ( or from); pure, mere,
nothing more than; sole; very, absolute;
abstract; selfless, disinterested; 1st stem of
tbe verb (gram.)with foll. noun in
genitive = mere, sheer, nothing but:)
mujarradu lahwin mere play, just fun;
with the naked eye;
bi-mujarradi m as soon as, at the very
moment when
jardal pl. jaradil2 bucket, pail
jurad pl. jirdn, jurdn large rat
jirdaun pl. jardn2 large
rat
1
jarasa i (jars) to ring, toll, knell,
severe trials, sorely try ( s.o.; time,
events); to compromise, disgrace,
discredit, expose, bring into dierepute (
s.o.)
jars, jirs sound, tone
jaras pl. ajrs bell
jursa defamation, public exposure;
scandal, disgrac
2
jirsya, jirsya pl. -t jersey,
woolen sweater; jersey cloth
jaraa u (jar) to crush ( s.th.); to grate,
bruise, grind ( s.th.)
jar a grating, scraping noise
jar crushed, bruised, coarsely
ground; crushed grain; grits
2 circassian (adj. and n.)
jra pl. jawar quern,
hand mill (for grinding grain)
jaraa a (jara): ( bi-rqih)
he choked on his saliva, could not
swallow his saliva (because of excitement,
alarm, or grief), he was very upset, in a
atate of great agitation, deeply moved; --
jaraa u (jar) to choke, sulfocate ( s.o.)
IV ( cf. I) to alarm s.o., fill s.o.
with apprehension
jar: la garm pl. gurm (eg.) long, flat-
l.j. dna l-qar (proverb; lit.: choking
prevented poetry, i.e.) in the face of death
one does not think of rhyming (among
other interpretations)
jaraa a (jar) and jaria a (jara) to
swallow, gulp, devour ( s.th.); to pour
down, toss down ( a drink) II to make (
s.o.) swallow ( s.th.); to gulp down V to
drink ( s.th.) VIII to swallow, gulp down
( s.th.)
jura, jara pl. jura, -t gulp,
mouthful, draught; potion, dose (med.)
jarafa u (jarf) and VIII to sweep away (
s.th.); to wash away ( s.th.); to shovel
away ( s.th.); to remove ( s.th.); to tear
away, carry off ( s.th.); to carry along (
or s.o. or s.th.) VII to be swept away, be
carried away
jurf, juruf pl. jurf,
ajrf undercut bank or shore; clilf, steep
slope, precipice; bluff (along a river or
coast) ( jald) avalanche
jarrfa pl. -t, jarrf 2 criminal; evildoer, culprit, delinquent
rake; harrow
majraf pl. majrif2
torrent, .trong current
mijrafa shovel, scoop; (syr.)
mattock; trowel
mijrf pl. majrf2 shovel,
scoop
jrif torrential (stream, mountain
creek); stormy, violent (emotions,
passions) 120
al-jarkas the Circassians
jarkas pl. jarkisa
jarama i (jarm) to sone ( al-lama the
meat); -- to commit an offense, a crime, an
outrage ( or against s.o.), sin ( or
against s.o.), injure, harm, wrong (
or s.o.) II to incriminate, charge with a
crime ( s.o.; syr.) IV to commit a crime,
to sin ( or against s.o.), do wrong (
or to s.o.), harm, wrong ( or
s.o.) VIII = IV
bottomed sarge, lighter (naut.)
jirm pl. ajrm, jurum body;
mass, sulk, volume (of a body)
( falakya) the celestial bodies
iunn pl. ajrm, jurm
offense, crime, sin
l jarama surely, certainly, of
course
jarm hulking, bulky, huge,
voluminous, of great size
jarma pl. jarim2 crime;
offense; sin( or)
(kubr, uma) capital offense;
penal code
ijrm crime; culpability,
delinquency
ijrm criminal
lam majrm fillet (meat)
sana mujarrama an entire year
mujrim criminal; (pl. -n) a
recidivous criminal
jarmiz2 and jarmz2
limbs, legs ( amma) he beat
it, he made off
al-jarmn the Germanic tribes, the
Teutons
 jarmn Germanic, Teutonic cause to run( rqah) to make
1
jurn pl. ajrn (stone) basin; mortar; s.o.s mouth water III to concur, agree, be
(eg.) threshing floor, barn j. in agreement ( with s.o., in s.th.); to
al-mamdya baptismal font keep pace, keep up ( with s.o.; also
intellectually); to be able to follow ( s.o.);
2
jirn the front part of a camels neck to go (along) ( with); to adapt o.s. adjust,
to become established, take conform ( to), be guided ( by) IV to
root; ( alq, jirnah) to cause to flow, make flow ( s.th.); to
apply o.s. to s.th. and adjust to it, cause to run, set running ( s.o., s.th.);
accustom o.s. to s.th. to make ( s.th.) take place or happen,
jurnl (eg. also gurnl) pl. arnl2 bring about ( s.th.); to carry out, execute,
(eg., garnl2) journal, newspaper, enforce, put into effect, apply ( s.th.,
periodical e.g., rules, regulations); to carry out,
perform ( an action); to Set going, set in
grant granite motion ( a project), launch ( an
grnt granitic undertaking); to channel ( or s.th.
to), bestow, settle ( or s.th. upon
jarw (jirw, jurw) pl. ajrin, jir, s.o.); to impose, inflict ( s.th., a
ajr, ajriya puppy, whelp, cub penalty, on s.o.) ( tajribatan)
(of a dog or beast of prey) to carry out an experiment; to
grsa gross (= 12 dozen) conduct an investigation;
(inatan) to grant s.o. a subsidy;
jar i (jary) to flow, stream (water); to
( majr, with foll. genitive) to treat
run; to hurry, rush; to slow (wind); to take
s.th. in the same manner as, put s.th. on
place, come to pass, happen, occur; to be
equal footing with
under way, be in progress, be going on
(work); to befall ( s.o.), happen ( to); to jary course jaryan al in
be in circulation, circulate, be current; to accordance with, according to
wend ones way ( to), head ( for); to min jarka and min jarika
proceed ( in accordance with); to because of you, on your account, for your
follow ( s.th.), yield, give way ( to, sake
e.g., to a desire); to entail ( s.th.); (with
)to run or be after s.th., seek to get jarr runner, racer
s.th. he had a talk with; jirya pl. -t daily (food) rations;
( majrh) to take the same pay, salary girya (eg.)
course as, be analogous to, follow the coarse bread
same way as, proceed or act in the same
manner as; ( minhu jarayan flow, flux; course;
-aiu majr d-dam) it had become stream
second nature to him; majra.. pl. majrin
(alsun) to circulate, make the rounds watercourse, stream, rivulet, gully; torrent
(rumor); 121 to be on or flood of water; pipeline; canal, channel;
everyones lip; ( qalamih) to drain, sewer, pl. sewers, sewage system;
come to s.o.s pen (e.g, a poem); power line (el.); current (el.); current (of a
( ia) to follow a plan; stream); guide rail (tech.); course (of
( amalu) the way things are handled, events), progress, passage m.
what is customary practice; to l-baul urethra (anat.); m. t-
be in force, be valid, be commonly tanaffus respiratory tract (anat.);
observed (law, custom); to be m. l-haw air stream, current of air,
customary, be common practice, be a draft; to take its course; See also
common phenomenon, have gained I and IV
vogue; to do s.th.
mjarayt, mjariyt (pl. of
customarily, se in the habit of doing s.th.;
( )course of) events, happenings
that was their habit II to
 mujrh keeping up (with foll. juzai pl. -t molecule
genitive: with); conformity (with foll.
ajz pl. -n pharmacist, druggist
genitive: with) mujrtan li in
conformity with, in accordance with, ajzj pl. -ya pharmacist,
according to druggist
ijr pl. -t performance (of an ajzya and ajzna pl.
action); execution; enforcement; pl. -t pharmacy, drugstore
measures, steps, proceedings tajzia division; partition;
(ittaada) to take measures; separation; dissociation; breakdown (into
(qnnya) legal step, proceedings at law classes, categories, etc.); fragmentation
jrin flowing, streaming, running; divisisle; divisibility;
circulating; current, present retailer, retail merchant
(ahr) the current month juzdn, jidn pl. -t wallet; change purse
jriya pl. t, jawrin girl; jazara u (jazr) to slaughter; to kill,
slave girl; maid, servant; ship, vessel butcher ( an animal); -- i u (jazr) to sink,
jazza u (jazz) to cut off, clip ( s.th.); to fall, drop, ebb (water)
shear, shear off ( s.th.; esp. the wool of jazr slaughter; butchering; ebb (of
sheep) the sea)
jizza pl. jizaz, jaziz2 jazra blood sacrifice
shorn wool, fleece, slip
jazr pl. juzur slaughter camel
juzza pl. -t slip of paper; label,
tag jazzr pl. , -n butcher
jazzz pl. n shearer, woolshearer jazra pl. jazir2, juzur
island ibhu j. peninsula;
mijazz woolshears 122 Al Jazira, (Northwest) Mesopotemia;
jazaa a and VIII to be content, content Algeria; Algiers; j.
o.s. ( with) II to divide, part, separate, al-arab Arabia, the Arabian Peninsula;
break up, cut up, partition ( s.th.) V to ( lidt) the Canary Islands;
divide, break up, be or become divided; to ( ar) Algeciras (seaport
be separated, be detached, be partitioned in SW Spain)
off; to be divisible, separable ( from) jazar insular; (pl. -n) islander
juz pl. ajz part, portion; jazr pl. -n Algerian (adj. and
constituent, component; fraction; division; n.); islander
section; the 30th part of the Koran (= 2
izb) majzar pl. majzir2
slaughterhouse, abattoir; butchery
juz partial; minor, trivial,
insignificant, unimportant; (jur.) minor, majzara pl. majzir2
petty; juzyan partly; juzyt butchery; massacre, carnage
details, particulars; trivialities; subordinate 2
jazar (coll.; n. un. )carrot(s)
partly; divisions, sections (e.g., of a court
of justice) ( mawdd) petty jazia a (jaza, juz) to be or become
cases (jur.); ( juna) summary anxious, worried, concerned; to be sad,
delicts (jur.); courts of unhappy ( about); to feel regret ( for
summary justice; ( niyba) s.o.), pity ( s.o.); to mourn (j. for s.o.)
parquet of a summary court; V to break apart, break, snap
minor incident; ( taswiya) part jaz onyx
payment; ( kullyt) the
juz axle; shaft (techn.)
particular and general aspects, the minor
and the major issues
 jaza anxiety, uneasiness,
apprehension, concern; anguish, fear;
sadness
jazi restless, impatient; anxious,
worried, uneasy, apprehensive
jaz and jzi restless;
impatient; anxious, worried, uneasy,
apprehensive
mujazza marbled, veined;
variegated, dappled 123
III to act at random, blindly,
Indiscriminately, take a chance; to
speculate (fin.); to speak vaguely, in
general terms; to risk, stake ( s.th.)
to risk ones life; to
plunge s.o. into (some adventure)
juzf purchase of a certain amount
of things (Isl. Law); juzfan at
random, haphazardly
mujzafa rashness, recklessness,
foolhardiness; risk, hazard; adventure,
venture
mujzif rash, reckless, foolhardy;
adventurous; venturesome
2
jazla u to be considerable, abundant,
plentiful IV ( a) to give
generously, openhandedly, liberally to s.o.
VIII to write shorthand
jazl and jazl pl. jizl jaz i ( iazii') to requite, recompense (
abundant, plentiful, ample, much; pure,
lucid, eloquent (style) of
sound, unerring judgment;
akarah ukran jazlan he thanked him
profusely; many thanks!
jizla piece, slice
jazla profusion, abundance;
(rhet.) purity (of style)
mujtazil stenographer
1
look up alphabetically
2
juzln = reward upon them IV to suffice ( s.o.), do
1
jawma i (jazm) to cut off, cut short, clip (
s.th.); to judge; to decide. Settle (
s.th.); to be positive ( about), be
absolutely certain ( of s.th.); to assert
authoritatively ( s.th.); to make up one's
mind, decide, resolve ( to do s.th.); to
impose, make incumbent ( s.th. on
s.o.); (gram.) to pronounce the final
consonant (of a word) without a vowel; to
put ( a verb) into the apocopate form or
the imperative
jazm cutting off, clipping; decision;
resolution, resolve; apodictic judgment;
(gram.) apocopate form
almat al-j. = jazma
jazma diacritical mark (o)
indicating vowellessness of a final
consonant
jzim decisive; peremptory,
definite, definitive, final; firmly
convinced, absolutely certain ( of s.th.);
(pl. jawzim2) governing the
apocopate form (gram.)
majzm cut off. cut short, clipped;
decided. settled; (gram.) vowelless (final
consonant); in the apocopate form
munjazim (gram.) in the apocopate
form
2
jazma pl. t, jizam (pair of) shoes
(pair of) boots ( bi-rib) laced
soots; ( lamma) patent-leather
shoes
gazmag (eg.) and
gizamt (eg.), jazmt (syr.) pl. -ya
shoemaker
s.o., or for), repay ( to s.o., or
s.th.); to reward ( s.o., or for);
to punish ( s.o., or for); to satisfy (
s.o.), give satisfaction ( to s.o.); to
compensate, make up ( for s.th. with
or by); to compensate, offset ( s.th.)
( airan) may God bless you
for it!; ( jaza sinimmra)
he returned to him good for evil III to
repay, requite ( s.th. with, s.o. for),
recompense ( s.o. for); to reward (
or s.o. for); to punish ( or s.o.
for) ( airan) he invoked Gods
for s.o. ( ;)to take the place, serve instead
( of), replace ( s.th.)
jaz requital, repayment;
recompense, return; compensation, setoff;
124 amends, reparation; punishment,
penalty ( naqd) fine
 jaz penal jasad pl. ajsd body
d al-j. and Corpus Christi Day
jizya pl. jizan, jiz tax;
(Chr.)
tribute; head tax on free non-Muslims
under Muslim rule jasad bodily, fleshly, carnal
tajziya reward jusdn bodily
mujzh requital, repayment; taia.snul materialization; incar
punishment
nation (OM.)
jassa u (jass, majassa) to touch, feel, mujassad embodied, corporified
handle ( s.th.); to palpate, examine by
touch ( s.th.); to test, sound, probe ( mutajassid corporeal; incarnate
s.th.); to try to gain information ( about), (Chr)
try to find out ( s.th.); to spy out ( jasara u to span, cross, traverse ( s.th.);
s.th.) ( nabah) to feel s.o.s ( jasra, jusr) to venture, risk
pulse, (fig.) to probe, sound ( s.th.), have the courage ( to do
out, try to find out s.th. V to try to gain s.th.) II to build a dam or dike; to
information ( about), try to find out ( embolden, encourage ( s.o., to do
s.th.); to reconnoiter, scout, explore ( s.th.) VI to dare, venture, risk ( s.th.),
s.th.); to be a spy, engage in espionage; to have the audacity ( to do s.th.); to be
spy, pry, snoop ( on s.o.) sold, forward, insolent, impudent (
( abran) to gather information for with s.o.) VIII to span, cross, traverse (
s.o., spy for s.o. VIII to touch, feel, handle s.th.)
( s.th.); to spy out ( s.th.)
jisr pl. ajsur, jusr
jass: ary al-j. delicate to bridge; dam, dike, embankment, levee; --
the touch, having a tender surface, fresh (pl. jusra) beam, girder; axle,
jss pl. jawss2 spy axletree ( muarrik) movable
bridge; ( muallaq) suspension
jssa woman spy bridge; pontoon bridge, floating
jss of espionage, spy- (in bridge
compounds) jasr sold, daring; forward,
jssya spying, espionage insolent, impudent
jausasa spying, espionage jasra boldness, recklessness,
intrepidity; forwardness, insolence
majass spot which one touches or
feels; sense of touch ain al- tajsur boldness, recklessness,
m. coarse to the touch, having a rough intrepidity; forwardness, insolence
surface mutajsir bold, daring; forward,
mijass probe (med.) insolent, impudent 125
tajassus spying, espionage see
jsi hard, rough, rugged jasuma u ( jasma) to be great. Big,
large. bulky. huge. immense II to make
II to make corporeal, invest with a body,
corporeal. invest with a body ( s.th.),
embody, incarnate ( s.th.), give concrete
give ( s.th.) shape or form; to materialize
form ( to s.th.); to render or represent in
( s.th.); to cause to stand out. bring out (
corporeal form ( s.th.) V to become
corporeal, assume concrete form, s.th.); to enlarge, magnify ( s.th.; e.g.,
microscope); to make big, bulky, huge (
materialize; to become incarnate (Chr.); to
become three-dimensional s.th.); to play up, exaggerate ( s.th.) V to
become corporeal, become embodied; to
materialize; to assume a form, take shape,
become tangible or concrete; to be
 materialized; to become big, large, huge,
increase in volume, grow in size
pl. ajsm, jusm body
(also O of an automobile); substance,
matter; mass; form, shape
iiaa1 bodily, physical; substantial,
material
jasm pl. great, big, large;
voluminous, bulky, huge; vast, immense;
stout, corpulent; weighty, most
significant, momentous, prodigious
jusaim pl. -t particle (phys.);
corpuscle (biol.)
ajsam2 more voluminous, larger;
stouter, more corpulent
jasma size, volume; stoutness,
corpulence
jusmn body, mass
jusmn bodily, physical.
Corporal corporal
punishment
tajsm embodiment; relief;
enlargement, magnification, magnifying
power
mujassam bodily, corporeal; (math.)
body; three-dimensional; tangible,
material, concrete; raised, relieflike,
standing out in relief (e.g.,
relief map); relief; enlarged. Magnified
( film) three-dimensional
(stereoscopic) film, 3-D motion picture
jasmnya2 Gethseman jauda a ( juda, jada) and V
) )jas u to become hard, solid
jaa u (ja) to grind, crush, bruise, grate
( s.th.)
jua hoarseness, huskiness, raucity
(of the voice)
ja ground, grated, crushed
aja2, f. ja2 hoarse,
husky, raucous (voice)
II and V to belch, burp
ju and jaa belch(ing), nothing
burp(ing)
jur livestock
jaia a (jaa) and V to be covetous,
greedy
jaa greed, avidity, inordinate
desire
jai greedy, covetous
jama a (jam, jama) to take
upon o.s. ( some hardship) II to make (
s.o.) suffer or undergo ( s.th.); to impose
( on s.o. s.th. difficult), burden ( s.o.
with s.th.) V to take upon o.s., suffer,
undergo ( s.th., e.g., hardships)
( eg., cf. in) sample, specimen;
sampling
II to plaster, whitewash ( s.th.)
ji gypsum; plaster of Paris
II tajaana to lounge, stretch lazily,
loll
jia beer
II to corrugate ( s.th.)
jaba pl. jib quiver; tube, pipe; gun
barrel; o cartridge pouch (Syr.)
j. abr town gossip (person) 126
jajaa ( jajaa) to clamor, roar,
shout; to clatter, clap; to bluster, explode
in anger
jajaa hubbub, rumpus, clamor,
roar; creak, clapping noise (of a mill
wheel); bluster
jaj clamorous, boisterous,
noisy; bawler, loud-mouthed person
to become curly, frizzed, kinky, curl
(hair); to be wavy; to be creased; to be
wrinkled II to curl, frizz ( s.th.; the hair);
to wave ( s.th.; the hair); to crease, pleat,
plait ( cloth); to wrinkle ( the skin)
jad (or j. al-yad, j.
al-kaff) stingy, niggardly, tightfisted
jada curl, lock, ringlet
jad and ajad2 curly
gd (eg.) bum, loafer, good-for-
tajd2 wrinkles, lines (of the
face)
tajaudt wrinkles
 mujaad curled, frizzed; wavy;
furrowed, creased; wrinkled
mutajaid curled, frizzed; wavy;
furrowed, creased; wrinkled
jadana idle talk, gossip (leb.)
jaara a (jar) to drop its manure (animal)
ab jirn2 scarabaeus; dung
beetle
jafar little river, creek
jaala a (jal) to make ( s.th.); to put,
place, lay ( s.th.); to create ( s.th.); to
effect, bring about ( s.th.); to make (
s.th. a rule, a principle, or the like, s.o.,
e.g., leader, king, etc.), appoint ( s.o. to
an office, rank, or the like); to fix, set (
a sum, a price, at); to think, deem, believe
( or s.o. to be , s.th. to be ...),
take ( or s.o. for, s.th. for); to
represent ( s.th., as, or in the
form of, s.th. else); to appoint, settle (
s.th. for s.o., in s.o.s favor); to give,
grant, concede ( s.th., an advantage, to
s.o.), put s.o. ( )in the way of s.th. ( ;)to
attribute ( to s.o. s.th.), maintain that
s.th. ( )belong. to s.o. ( ;)to entrust (
s.th. to s.o.); to put, get ( s.o., s.th.,
into a specific state or condition); (with
foll. imperf.) to begin to, set out to
to induce s.o. to do; to make s.o. do
s.th. (in a narrative); ( bi- jump with fright; to shy (horse) II to start,
manzilati) to place s.o. on equal footing
with; ( f mutanwali jafl and jufl fright, alarm;
yadih) to bring or put s.th. within s.o.s
reach III to seek to bribe, try to win (
s.o. with s.th.)
jul pl. ajl pay, wages; piece
wages; reward, prize
juli: ( ittifq) piece-work
contract
jual pl. jiln dung beetle;
scarabaeus
jila, jala, jula pl. jail2 harshly; to be cruel ( to s.o.); to be cross (
pay, wages; allowance; reward, prize:
bribe
jugrfiy and jugrfya sense of honor, or the like) VI to withdraw
geography( abya) ( from), shun, avoid ( s.o.); to loathe (
physical geography
jugrf geographical; geographer
jaffa (1st pers. perf. jafaftu) i ( jaff,
juff) to dry, become dry; to dry out
II to dry, make dry ( s.th.)
jaff dryness; desiccation; drying
up; dullness
tajff pl. tajff2 protective
armor
tajff drying; desiccation;
dehydration; drainage 127
jff dry ( qalam ibr)
ball-point pen
mujaffaf dried, desiccated,
dehydrated; dehydrated foods
juf useless, vain, futile
dahaba jufan to be in vain, be of no
avail, pass uselessly
jift, ift (pronounced ift; eg.) pincers,
tweezers; metal clamp j.
aryn arterial clamps
( pronounced ifti; eg.) filigree
jiftlik farm, country estate; government
land (Pal.)
jafr, ilm al-j. divination,
fortunetelling
jufra pl. jufar pit, hole
jafala i u (jafl, jufl) and IV to start,
rouse ( s.th., .s.o.); to scare away ( s.o.)
shying
( pronounced iflik; eg.) =
pl. jufn, ajfn eyelid
jafna pl. jifn, jafant
bowl; grapsvine
( ( jaf u (jafw, jaf) to be rough,
coarse; to treat ( s.o.) roughly, harshly; to
turn away (. from), shun, avoid, flee (
s.o.) III to treat ( s.o.) roughly, rudely,
with s.o.); to elude, flee ( s.o.; slumber);
to offend ( against good taste, ones
s.o., s.th.), have an aversion ( to); to
display rude manners, act the ruffian
 jafw roughness, harshness
jafwa roughness; estrangement,
alienation; disagreement, dissension,
quarrel
jaf roughness; harshness;
sternness; antipathy, aversion, distaste,
loathing; estrangement, alienation
ajf refraining even more ( from),
more averse ( to s.th.)
jfin pl. jufh harsh, rough,
coarse; brutish, uncouth, rude
look up alphabetically
III (syr.) to tease ( s.o.)
1
jalla i ( jall) to be great, lofty,
exalted, illustrious, sublime; to be too
great ( for), be beyond s.th. (), be far
above s.th. ((( an il-ar)
to be innumerable II to honor, dignify,
exalt ( s.o.); to cover ( s.th., esp. the
ground, as snow, plants, etc.); to envelop,
wrap, drape, clothe; to border, edge (
s.th., with) IV to honor, dignify, revere,
venerate, esteem highly, exalt ( s.o.); to
deem too high, too exalted ( for s.th.),
consider far beyond s.th. ( )VI to deem
o.s. far above s.th. ( )X to be great,
exalted, sublime
great, outstanding; bulky
jull major portion, bulk, majority,
main part julluh most of it; j.
al-umma the majority of the people;
its main contents; ( jullu)
that much, at least, can be said that ...
jalal important, significant,
momentous, weighty
jull pl. julal matter of great
importance, momentous undertaking,
great feat, exploit
julla, jilla droppings, dung (of
animals); julla pl. julal (cannon) ban;
bomb 128
julla attire, clothing
( ))abrawya, kahntya)
Episcopal (sacerdotal) vestments (Chr.)
jall pl. ajill2, ajilla, tumult, turmoil
jalil2 great, important, significant,
weighty, momentous; lofty, exalted,
sublime; revered, honorable, venerable;
glorious, splendid
jall loftiness, sublimity,
augustness; splendor, glory
jalla loftiness, sublimity,
augustness; majeoty )(
His (Her) Majesty, j. al-malik
His Majesty, the King
ajall2 greater; more sublime; more
splendid
majalla pl. -t periodical; review,
magazine ( usbya) weekly
magazine; ( ahrya) monthly
publication; ( a)
professional journal for a. ;
lawbook, code; do.
tajilla and ijll honor,
distinction; esteem, deference, respect;
reverence
2
jull rose
julb, jullb rose water; julep
( Fr. glatine) eltn jelly
( Fr. glac) glash (eg.) kid leather
1
jalaba i u (jalb) to attract ( s.th.); to
fetch, get, bring ( s.th., to s.o.); to
import ( goods); to bring about ( a
state, condition); to bring ( harm, shame,
etc., upon s.o.); to gain, win, obtain (
s.th.); to earn ( s.th.); ( julb) to scar
over, heal (wound) II to shout, clamor; to
be noisy, boisterous IV to earn, gain,
acquire ( s.th.); = II; VII pass. of I VIII
to procure, bring, fetch, get ( s.th.); to
draw ( on s.th.); to import ( goods) X
to import ( goods); to fetch, summon,
call in ( s.o.); to attract, draw ( s.o.,
s.th.); to seek to attract or win ( s.o.,
s.th.); to get, procure ( s.th.)
jalb bringing, fetching;
procurement; acquisition; importation,
import; causation, bringing on, bringing
about
jalab imported; foreign
jalab and jalaba clamor; uproar,
julba scar
 jalb imported, foreign; (pl.
jalb, julab2) foreign slave
jallb attractive, captivating;
importer, trader; see also alphabetically
slave trader jalada i (jald) to whip, flog, lash ( s.o.); --
gallbya (eg.) pl. -at, jalida a to be frozen, freeze; -- jaluda u to
gallb2 galabia, a loose, shirtlike garment,
the common dreao of the male population
in Egypt
below under
ajlab2 more attractive, more
captivating
majlaba pl. majlib2
causative factor, motive, reason, cause,
occasion
istijlb procurement,
acquisition; importation, import; supply;
attraction promotion of
tourist traffic
jlib causative factor, motive,
reason, cause, occasion
2
julb, jullb rose water; julep
3
jalab jalap (bot.)
II tajalbaba to clothe o.s. ( with), be
clothed, be clad ( in a garment, also fig.)
jilbb pl. jalbb2 garment,
dress, gown; woman's dress
julubbn chickling vetch, grass pea
(Lathyrus sativua)
1
jaljala to reverberate; to resound, ring
out; to rattle; to shake ( s.th.)
2
juljul pl. jaljil (little) bell,
sleigh bell; cowbell; jingle
jaljala sound of a bell; loud, shrill
sound
mujaljil shrill, piercing; ringing,
resounding, reverberant
2
juljula, jabal al-j. Golgotha executioner, hangman
3
juljuln, jiljiln sesame
jalia a (jala) to be or become bald
ajla2, f. jal2, pl. jul
bald-headed, bald
jalaa a and II to sharpen ( s.th.); to
whet, hone ( a knife), strop ( a razor);
to stretch, extend, roll out ( metal)
jal grindstone, whetetone, hone
be tough, hardy, undismayed, steadfast,
patient II to bind ( a book); (to cause) to
freeze ( s.th.) III to fight ( s.o.) IV to
freeze; to be frozen, be covered with ice V
to take heart; to show o.s. tough, hardy,
robust; to resign o.s. to patience; to bear,
suffer VI to engage in a sword fight
jald flogging; -- (pl. ajld)
staunch, steadfast; strong, sturdy
jild pl. juld, ajld skin,
hide; leather ( sutiyn)
morocco; ( lamm) patent leather
jilda skin, hide; piece of leather;
race ibn jildatin our
countryman, our fellow tribesman, pl.
ban j.
jild dermal, cutaneous, skin
(adj.) skin diseases
julaida pl. -t membrane, pellicle;
O film (phot.)
jalad enduranos; suffering; patience;
firmament
jalda lash, stroke with a whip
jald pl. julad2 staunch,
steadfast; strong, sturdy
jald ice jabal j. iceberg;
( qia) ice floe
jald icy, ice-covered, glacial, ice
(adj.); snow-covered ( ar)
the Ice Age
jald long-suffering, patient
jalld pl. -n leather merchant;
jalda and julda endurance,
patience
mijlada whip, lash, scourge
tajld freezing; bookbinding
jild fight, battle (against)
tajallud endurance, patience
 mujallid: m. al-kutub m. al-idra administrative board,
bookbinder committee of management, directorate;
board of directors (of a corporation or
mujallad frozen, icy, ice-covered;
bank); m. al-mudrya
bound (book); (pl. -t) volume (book)
provincial council, provincial parliament
mujlid pl. -n gladiator (Eg.); m. ad-daula Supreme
mutajallid patient Administrative Court (Eg.);
(r) religious court, clerical court (of the
jillauz (coll.; n. un. )hazelnut; hazel Coptic Church); m. r
jalasa i ( juls) to sit down ( with d-daula council of state;
s.o., at a tabl., etc., on a chair); to sit ( council of elders: Senate (Eg.);
with s.o., at a table, on a chair) (adl) court, tribunal (Syr.); ( or)
( rassm) to sit for a painter ( urf, askar) court-martial;
III to sit ( with s.o., next to s.o., in s.o.s m. ubat al-umam Council
company); to keep s.o. ( )company IV to of the League of Nations; the
ask to sit down, make sit down, eeat ( House of Commons; m. al-
s.o.) ayn senate (Ir., Jord.); draft
board, recruiting commission (mil.);
jalsa pl. -t seat (in an auditorium); ( qaraw) local council;
session (of parliament, of a committee, (iqtid) economic council:
130 of a court, etc.); party, gathering, (qaum) national assembly;
meeting aqada jasatan to m. qiydat at-taura Supreme
convene a session; ( mma) Revolutionary Tribunal (Eg.):
plenary session and ( akbar) the Grand Council
jilsa manner of sitting (= le Grand Conseil; Tun.);
the House of Lords: m. an-
pl. julas2 participant in a
nuwwb lower house, chamber of
social gathering; table companion: one
deputies; ( niyb) parliament;
with whom one sits together; the
m. al-jiha approx.: provincial
man who was at the party with him
council (= conseil de rgion; Tun.);
jalsa lady companion; fem. of m. al-wuzar cabinet, council of
ministers
juls sitting: sitting down; mujlasa social intercourse
accession to the throne; pl. of sitting
jlis pl. juls, julls
majlis pl. majlis2 seat; sitting; pl. participants in a social
session room, conference room; party, gathering
gathering, meeting; social gathering:
jalaa i (jal) to chafe, gall, abrade ( the
session, sitting; council meeting; council;
skin); to shave ( ar-rasa the head
concilium; collegium, college: board,
committee, commission; administrative jula lump, clot
board; court, tribunal in s.o.s (damawya) blood clot, thrombus
presence, in s.o.s company; jilf pl. ajlf boorish, rude, uncivil
and disciplinary board;
constituent assembly; jalfaa ( jalfaa) to calk ( a ship)
regional court (tribunal rgional; Tun.); galfana (eg.) to galvanize
m. al-umma parliament (Ir.);
m. al-amn the Security Council; galfana galvanization
m. al-baladya and mugalfan galvanized
(balad) local council, municipal council;
m. al-arb war council; jalqa: ( qarawya) yokel,
( asb) probate court (for Muslim; bumpkin
Eg.); ( mutali) mixed court jalama i (jalm) to clip, shear off ( s.th.)
(eg.); defense council;
 jalam pl. ajlm shears
ab galamb (eg.) a variety of crab
II tajalmada to be petrified
jalmad pl. jalmid2 and plain fact jalyat al-amr the true
julmd pl. jalmd2 rook, bolder
jullanr pomegranate blossom
( and ( jal u to clean, polish (
s.th.); to clear ( the view); to make
clear, make plain, clarity, clear up (
s.th.), throw light on (), to reveal, unveil,
disclose ( s.th.), to dislodge, oust,
remove ( or s.o. or s.th. from), to
shine, be brilliant, distinguish o.s. ( in
s.th.); to be or become clear, evident,
manifest; to pull out, move out ( of a
place), go away, depart ( from a place),
leave, quit, evacuate ( a place); --
jal i to polish, burnish ( s.th.) II to
reveal, disclose, bring to light ( or
s.th.); to show, represent ( s.o., s.th.),
IV to remove, dislodge, oust, drive away (
s.o., s.th.); to evacuate ( s.o. from);
to move away, go away ( from a place),
leave ( a place) V to become clear,
evident, manifest; to reveal itself, be
revealed, to appear, show, come to light,
come out, manifest itself, to be
manifested, be expressed, find expression
VII to be clean or cleaned, be polished, be
burnished, to be removed, be dislodged,
be ousted; to move away ( from a
place), vacate, evacuate ( a place), to be
dispelled, vanish, go away, pass (crisis,
difficulty, etc.), to disappear, to reveal
itself, be revealed, be disclosed; to be
unveiled (bride), to become manifest,
manifest itself; to become clear or plain;
to clear up and reveal ( s.th.), to lead,
come ( to), end ( in), to result (
in) the outcome of the gilyotn guillotine (eg.)
matter, what will come of it VIII to reveal,
disclose ( s.th.), to regard ( s.th.), look
at ( )X to seek to clarify ( s.th.), to
clarify, clear up ( s.th.), throw light (
on); to uncover, unearth, bring to light,
find out, discover, detect ( s.th.)
ibn jal a famous, well-known
man, a celebrity
jaly clear, plain, evident, patent,
manifest, obvious, conspicuous;
jalyan obviously, evidently
jalya pl. jaly sure thing,
state of the affair
ajl clearer, more obvious, more
distinct
jalw unveiling (of the bride)
lailat al-j. wedding night
jal clarification, elucidation;
clarity, clearness, plainness, distinctness;
departure, (e)migration ( from),
evacuation ( of an area; mil.);
clearly, plainly
jalayn vision, revelation,
apocalypse (Chr.)
majlin (pl. of majlan)
manifestations
tajliya: ( ilhya) divine
revelation; theophany (Chr.)
tajallin revelation, manifestation;
Transfiguration (of Christ) d
at-t. Transfiguration Day (Chr.)
ijtil contemplation
istijl clarification, elucidation
jliya pl. -t, jawlin colony
(of foreigners); colony of emigrants
al-mujall the winner (in a race)
mutajallin obvious, evident,
manifest, patent
galn pl. -t gallon (eg.)
mugalwan galvanized (eg.)
jull see 1
1
abbreviation of Egyptian pound
2
jamma i u (jamm) to gather; to collect
ones thoughts, concentrate; to rest II and
V to grow luxuriantly (plants) X to gather;
to collect ones thoughts, concentrate; to
rest, relax, seek recreation ( from); to
be covered with luxuriant vegetation
(ground)
jamm abundant, plentiful; much, a
great deal of; many, numerous; manifold,
 multiple; crowd, group of people
j. al-atar effective, efficacious;
(aabbah ubban) to be more than fond
of; numerous advantages, ample
benefits; large crowd, throng
jamm rest, relaxation, recreation,
gathering of new strength
majamm place where s.th. gathers or
flows together frozen, turn to ice
(mustajmauh) what this opinion
amounts to
tagmm (eg.) bobbed hairdo (of
women)
istijmm collectedness;
concentration; attentiveness, attentive
reverence; rest, relaxation, recreation
see
( from It. gambero) gambar,
gammar (eg.) shrimp (zool.)
2
jamjama ( jamjama), induration; hardness, inflexibility;
(kalma) and II tajamjama to articulate
indistinctly, stammer; to express o.s.
poorly, speak incoherently; to mumble
2
jumjuma pl. jamjim2 skull,
cranium
jumjum cranial
jamaa a (jam, jim, jum freezing of assets
to holt (horse); to he refractory, unruly,
recalcitrant; to be defiant; to be
capricious, whimsical; to run out on her
husband, run away from home (wife)
jim recalcitrance, defiance;
willfulness
jum recalcitrance, defiance;
willfulness
jam headstrong, defiant, unruly,
ungovernable
jmi headstrong, defiant, unruly;
indomitable, untamable
2
jamada u, jamuda u (jamd, jumd)
to freeze; to congeal, harden, stiffen, be or
become hard or solid, solidify; to
coagulate, clot (blood); to be rigid,
inflexible (in ones thinking); to stagnate;
to be apathetic, indolent, dull, indifferent
to be indifferent toward, put
up with, acquiesce in; ( yaduh) to
be niggardly, tightfisted II to freeze, frost,
congeal ( s.th.); to solidify, coagulate,
harden, stiffen ( s.th.); to curdle ( s.th.);
to freeze ( assets V to freeze, become
frozen, turn into ice, freeze up. become
icebound; to freeze to death; to congeal; to
solidify; to harden, set (e.g., cement); to
coagulate, clot (blood) VII to freeze up,
become icebound; to freeze, become
jamd freezing; congelation,
solidification, coagulation
darajat al-j. freezing point
jamad ice
jamd pl. -t a solid; inorganic
body; mineral; inanimate body, inanimate
being; O neuter (gram.)
jumd frozen state; solid, compact
state, compactness, solidity; rigor, rigidity,
stiffness; inorganic state; hardening,
deadlock, standstill; inertia, inaction,
inactivity; lethargy, apathy, passivity,
indifference
jumda solidity, hardness
tajmd solidification, hardening;
consolidation; reinforcement (of a
foundation) t. al-amwl
tajammud freezing; frost;
congelation; solidification; coagulation
injimd freezing up or over, icing
up; ice formation
jmid hard, solid; stiff; rigid;
motionless; inanimate, inorganic; (gram.)
defective; dry. dull (book, and the like);
impervious to progress to innovation,
ossified, ultraconservative; pl.
jawmid2 inanimate things, inorganic
matter, minerals
mutajammid frozen, icy; stiff,
congealed; coagulated
munjamid frozen, icy, ice (adj.);
arctic( mu) the Arctic
Ocean
2
jumd name of the fifth and sixth
months of the Muslim year ( j.
 al-l Jumada I and j. al-ira excellent job, do superlatively good work;
Jumada II) ( amla l-q.) to round up the
herd; ( afatih) the
II to roast ( meat) VIII to bum incense
book contains, lists ;
jamr embers, live coal (yujmau) the plural of bait is buyt II to
( aarra) to be on tenter-hooks; to pile up, amass, accumulate ( s.th.); to
be in greatest suspense, be dying with rally, round up ( s.th., s.o.); to
curiosity assemble ( the parts of a 134 machine)
jamra (n. un. of )live coal; III to have sexual intercourse ( with a
firebrand, smoldering embers; rankling woman) IV to agree ( on s.th., to do
resentment; (pl. -t) carbuncle (med.)O s.th.); to be agreed ( on); to decide
anthrax unanimously ( on), resolve ( to do
s.th.)( amrahum) they came to
jummr palm pith, palm core terms, they made a joint decision V to
(edible tuber growing at the upper end of gather; to assemble, congregate; to rally,
the palm trunk) band together, flock together (people); to
mijmara pl. majmir2 pile up; to accumulate; to gather into a
brazier; censer mass, agglomerate; to cluster; to coagulate
2
VIII to be close together; to come
see together, meet, join; to unite, combine (
( eg.) gumruk pl. gamrik2 customs; with); to assemble, meet, convene (an
customhouse rasm al-g. organization, a committee, etc.); to be or
customs duty, tariff get together, have a meeting, interview or
conference, hold talks ( with s.o.),
gumruk customs, tariff (used
meet ( s.o.; to concur ( in), agree,
attributively) ( ittihd)
be agreed ( on s.th.) X to gather,
customs union
collect ( s.th.; also quwhu ones
mugamrak duty paid strength, afkrah ones thoughts);
jummaiz (coll.; n. un. )sycamore (Ficus to summarize, sum up ( s.th.); to
sycomorus; bot.) possess, combine ( s.th.)

look up alphabetically jam gathering; collection;

combination; connection, coupling,
jamaa i u (jam) to unhair ( s.th.) II to joining; accumulation; (arith.) addition;
make love, caress, pet union, merger, aggregation, integration (
jamaa a (jam) to gather ( s.th.); to of) holding together ( of divergent,
collect ( e.g., money); to unite, combine, separate things); (pl. jum)
bring together (parts into a whole); to put gathering, crowd, throng; gang, troop;
together. join ( things); to set, compose ( (gram.) plural j. a-aml union,
type; typ.); to compile ( a book); to integration; the broken (=
summarize. sum up ( s.th.) to rally, internal) plural, the regular (=
round up ( people); to pile up, amass external) plural; ism al-j.
accumulate ( s.th.); to assemble ( collective noun (gram.); j. al-yad
several persons); to convoke, convene, fist
call ( a meeting); to add ( numbers), jum, j. al-kaff, j. al-
add up ( a column); (gram.) to make yad fist, clenched hand with
plural, pluralize ( a word); to unite, link, clenched fists
bring together ( several things or
persons); to combine ( e.g., both juma pl. juma, -t week;
strength and courage); to contain, hold, Friday yaum al-j. Friday;
comprise ( s.th.) Passion Week; and
(arfa) to summarize, sum up s.th.; to Good Friday (Chr.)
give a survey of s.th.; jamiya pl. -t club, association,
(barata) to be very efficient, do an society; corporation, organization; 135
assembly j. al-umam League of jim sexual intercourse; s.th.
Nations; ( airya) charitable comprising or involving another thing or a
organization; j. al-isf number of things al-amr
approx.: civil ambulance service; j. al-itm wine involves sin, wine
(tarya) legislative assembly; ijm agreement, unanimity (also
ummya) and ( mma) ;) unanimous resolution ( to
general assembly; general meeting; do s.th.); (Isl. Law) consensus (of the
plenum, plenary session; authorities in a legal question; one of the
(tawunya) cooperative four ul of Islamic Law)
jam (with foll. genitive) total; unanimously
whole, entire; all; entirety; e.g., ijm based on general
all men, all mankind; all people, agreement, unanimous; collective,
everybody; the public at large; universal
jaman in a body, altogether, one and all,
all of them; entirely, wholly, totally tajammu pl. -t coming together,
meeting; gathering; troop concentration;
ajma2 pl. -n, f. jam2, pl. crowd, throng, mob; agglomeration; O
juma2 entire, whole, all` agglutination (chem.-med.)
( ajmaa) the entire Islamic world;
( jama) the whole house; bi- ijtim pl. -t meeting ( with
ajmaih in its entirety, to its full extent, s.o.; of a corporate body; of parliament);
completely, altogether; all of get-together, gathering, assembly;
them came reunion; rally; convention; conjunction,
constellation (astron.); confluence (of
jumm aggregate; total, total rivers); life in a social group, community
amount life, social life; human society
O jamm kahrab; ijtim a-uruq crossroads,
storage battery intersection, junction; ilm al-
ijt. sociology; sociologists
jama pl. -t group (of people);
band, gang, party, troop; community; ijtim community, group (used
squad (military unit; Eg. 1939) attributively); social; socialist(ic);
jamtin wa-afrdan in groups and sociological
individually ministry for social affairs;
jam collective (as opposed to personal status; ( idma)
fard individual) social service, social work;
(muswh) social equality;
majma pl. majmi2 place (haia) human society
where two or more things meet, place or
point of union, junction; meeting, ijtimya socialism
congregation, convention, assembly; (also jmi comprehensive, extensive,
m. ilm) academy (scientific); broad, general, universal; collector;
college (e.g., of ecclesiastical dignitaries); compiler (of a book); compositor,
synod( balad) provincial synod typesetter; (pl. jawmi2) mosque
(Chr.); ( iklrk) clerical synod ( masjid) great, central mosque
(of the Coptic Church); to where the public prayer is performed on
win or captivate the hearts; 135 Fridays
bi-m. ainaihi (to look at s.o.) with jmia pl. -t league, union,
complete concentration, intently association; community; federation;
majma academy member, religious community, communion;
academician commonness, community of interests or
purpose; universityO j. al-
tajm assembly, assemblage (of
kahrab storage battery, accumulator;
the parts of machinery)
j. al-umam League of Nations;
 ( islmya) Pan-Islamism; jumla pl. jumal totality, sum,
( arabya) and whole; group, troop, body; crowd;
( duwal) the Arab League; wholesale; (gram.) sentence, clause;
(abya) university extension, adult jumlatan completely, wholly, on the
education courses, evening courses whole, altogether, in general, at all
jumlatan widatan all at once, at
jmi academic, collegiate,
one swoop; everything in
university (adj.); university graduate
existence; he was one of
majm collected, gathered; his companions, he belonged to his
totality, whole; total, sum (arith.) companions; ( jumlati)
matter (typ.); m. among other things, he said ... ;
ar l-qur the total area of the country; wa-jumlatu l-qauli anna or
m. lih its total length; in short ... , to sum up , briefly
( aab) the nervous system stated ... ; in short, in a word;
majma pl. -t, majm2 wholly, on the whole, altogether, in
collection (e.g., of works of art, of stamps, general, at all; by wholesale (com.);
etc., also of stories); compilation, list; j. al-ujra al-mustaiqqa
group {also, e.g., of trees, of islands, etc.); gross wage; wholesaler,
series (e.g., of articles in a newspaper; O wholesale dealer; 41.J:1 ~ sr,. alj. whole-
battery (el.); alliance, league, bloc (e.g., of sale price; ( ismya) nominal
states); collective, collectivistic clause; ( filya) verbal clause;
organization; aggregate; complex, block ( ibrya) or ( abarya)
(of buildings); system; bulletin, declarative sentence (or clause);
periodical ( amya) the (inya) exclamatory sentence;
solar system; ( inya) (lya) circumstantial clause;
syndicate (arya) conditional clause;
( mutaria) parenthetical clause
mujammi collector (techn.); O
storage battery, accumulator isb al-jummal (or jumal)
use of the letters of the alphabet according
mujma alaihi (that which is) to their numerical value
agreed upon, unanimous
jaml beautyO ilm al-j.
mujtama pl. -t gathering place, aesthetics
place of assembly; meeting place,
rendezvous; assembly, gathering, meeting; jaml beautiful, graceful, lovely,
society; human society; community, comely, pretty, handsome; friendly act,
commune, collective favor, service, good turn; courtesy
marifat al-j. and
= look up alphabetically ( irfn) gratitude;
1
jamala u (jaml) to sum up, summarize ( nukrn al-j. ingratitude;
s.th.); -- jamula u ( jaml) to be ungrateful; ( afia) to keep s.o.
beautiful; to be handsome, pretty, comely, in fond remembrance, remember s.o. with
graceful; to be proper, suitable, gratitude
appropriate ( for s.o.), befit ( s.o.) II to ajmal2 more beautiful
make beautiful, beautify, embellish, adorn
( s.o., s.th.) III to be polite, courteous, tajml beautification,
amiable (. to 8.0.) IV to sum, total, add ( embellishment; cosmetics
s.th.); to treat as a whole, mention mujmala pl. -t (act of) courtesy;
collectively ( s.th.); to sum up, civility, amiability; flattery;
summarize ( s.th.); to act well, decently, mujmalatan amicably, in a friendly way
be nice V to make o.s. pretty, adorn o.s. ziyrat m. courtesy call;
VI to be courteous, be friendly to one etiquette
another
 ijml summation, summing up; conceal ( s.th.); = II; V to go mad,
summarization; ijmlan on the become crazy X to be covered, veiled,
whole, in general, generally speaking, as a concealed; to regard ( s.o.) as crazy, think
general principle to sum ( s.o.) mad
up, I (would) say ... ; in its ( coll.) jinn, demons (invisible beings,
entirety, as a whole; and either harmful or helpful, that interfere
in general, on the whole, altogether; with the lives of mortals)
bi-wajhi l-i. =
jinn demonic; jinni, demon
ijml comprehensive, summary,
general, over-all, total, collective jinnya female demon
over-all report; janna pl. -at, jinn garden;
(garma) collective penalty; paradise paradise;
(nara) general view inhabitant of paradise, deceased person,
mujmil pl. -n wholesaler, one of blessed memory
wholesale dealer junaina pl. -t, janin2 little
mujmal summary, resume, garden; garden
synopsis, compendium; general concept; janin gardener
sum, total by wholesale
2
jinna possession, obsession; mania,
jamal pl. jiml, ajml camel madness, insanity
j. a1-yahd chameleon
junna pl. junan protection,
jamml pl. -n camel driver shelter, shield
jumn (coll.; n. un. )pearls jann pl. ajnn heart, soul
jamhara to gather, collect ( s.th., jannn gardener
s.o.); to assemble ( s.o.) II tajamhara to
gather, flock together (crowd) jann pl. ajinna, ajnn
embryo, fetus; germ (in a seed, etc.)
jamhara multitude, crowd, throng;
the great mass, the populace junn possession, obsession;
mania, madness, insanity, dementia;
jumhr pl. jamhr2 foolishness, folly; frenzy, rage, fury;
multitude; crowd, throng; general public, ecstasy, rapture al-j. funn
public; the masses, the people madness has many varieties, manifests
iumhllri republican (adj. and n.) itself in many ways
jumhriya pl. -t republic junn crazy, insane, mad; frantic,
( arabya, muttaida) frenzied
the United Arab Republic; mijann pl. majnn2 shield
( ittidya) the Federal Republic of
Germany; majanna madness, insanity
(dmqrya) the German Democratic jnn jinn, demons
Republic
majnn pl. majnn2
tajamhur gathering (of people; possessed, obsessed; insane, mad;
crowd madman, maniac, lunatic; crazy, cracked;
janna u (jann, junn) to cover, hide, crackpot; foolish; fool
conceal, veil ( s.th.); to descend, janaba u to avert, ward off ( from s.o.
fall, be or become dark (night); pass. s.th.) II to keep away, avert, ward off (
junna: to be or become possessed, insane, from s.o. s.th.), keep s.o. ( )out of the way
mad, crazy ( junnuh) to get of (), spare ( s.o. s.th.) III to be or
madly excited, become frantic II to craze, walk by s.o.s ( )side; to run alongside of
make crazy, drive insane, madden, enrage, (), run parallel to (), skirt, flank (
infuriate ( s.o.) IV to cover, veil, hide,
s.th.); to avoid ( s.th.) V to avoid ( s.th. aside, omit s.th.; in
s.th., s.o.); to keep away ( from), comparison with, as compared with, as
steer clear, get out of the way ( of) VI against; regarding, with regard to;
and VIII = V; VIII to be at the side of (), their hearts; jnib l-fam the
run side by side with (), run alongside of comers of the mouth; a
(), skirt, flank ( s.th.) considerable, or certain, degree of; a
considerable amount of, a good deal of;
janb pl. junb, ajnb
a great deal of, a large portion
side; janba (prep.) beside, next to, near,
of; he is very ;
at( also ) side by side;
( karam) to be very
( janbaihi) inside (it), within;
generous;
( baina janbaihi) what it contains,
(ahammya) of great importance;
comprises, its contents; aside,
al aami jnibin min al-
apart; pleurisy
kura of utmost importance, of greatest
janba pl. janabt side; region, significance; everywhere, on all
area in it, within, wide; sides; ( afaa, jnibah) to
( ammah) to comprise, hold, show o.s. condescending, affable or
contain s.th.; j. al-gurfa the gracious to s.o.; to meet s.o. on fair terms;
whole room; in (the middle amina jnibah to be safe from
of) the room; crammed, chock- s.o.; ( uirhu) I paid not
full, brimful, filled to overflowing or the least attention to him; ( )
bursting ( jnibah) to fear s.o., be afraid of
janb lateral, side (adj.) s.o.; milk al-j. crown lands;
j. al-mr (eg.) fisc, treasury;
junub in a state of major ritual layyin al-j. gentle; docile, tractable,
impurity; not belonging to the tribe, not a compliant; ln al-j. gentleness;
kinsman the neighbor not rab al-j. roomy; spacious,
belonging to the family unconfined; friendly, amiable,
jinb (title of respect) approx.: gentle; feared, dreaded;
Right Honorable; Your Honor; you powerful, mighty, strong;
(polite form) izzat al-j. power; mahb al-j.
dreaded, respected; about the
janba major ritual impurity (Isl. house, all over the house; often =
Law)
junb (= ) pleurisy jnib lateral, side, by- (in
janb south; janban compounds)
southward, to the south ajnab foreign, alien; (pl. -n,
janb southern South ajnib2 foreigner, alien the
Africa foreign countries, the outside world;
firqat al-ajnib the Foreign Legion
jnib pl. jawnib2 side; lateral
portion; sidepiece; flank; wing; face gannbya pl. t (eg.) curb;
(geom.); part, portion, partial amount; embankment, levee; side channel, lateral
partial view, section ( of a scene, picture (following a road or railroad tracks);
or panorama); quantity, amount; a certain bypass (of a lock or sluice)
number ( of), a few, some on tajannub avoidance
his part; on the one
hand -- on the other hand; to him, ijtinb avoidance
to his address; at his (its) side, next to him mujanniba flank, wing (of an
(it); beside him (it), next to him (it); army
and side by side with; in
addition to; apart from, aside from; see
to put s.th. aside; to leave
 junbz, calisthenics; gymnastics; II to draft, conscript, enlist, recruit ( s.o.;
athletics
junbz ( )calisthenic(al),
gymnastic gymnastic
exercises, physical exercises
janaa a ( jun) to incline, be
inclined, tend ( or to); to lean ( or
to or toward); to turn, go over ( to), join
( s.th.), associate o.s. ( with); to
strand ( or on a coast; ship); to
diverge, deviate, depart ( from); to turn
away ( from), break ( with) II to
provide ( s.th.) with wings, lend wings (
to s.th.) IV to incline, be inclined, tend (
or to); to lean ( or to or toward);
to turn ( or to s.th.); to strand (ship)
jin side
jun, jin darkness gloom
( j. il-lail) in the dark of night, under
cover of night; ( junay il-
kar) lit.: between the two halves of
slumber, i.e., at night when everyones
asleep
juna pl. juna misdemeanor
(jur., less than a felony, , and more
than an infraction, )
jan pl. ajnia, ajnu 2
wing (of a bird. of an airplane, of a
building, of an army); side; flank
I am under his protection;
over the ether, by radio;
( j. is-sura) with winged haste
jun misdemeanor (jur.); sin
( juna) it wont be held against
him if he ... ; it won't do any harm if he
ajna2 more inclined ( to
jan inclined ( s.th.)
jun inclination, leaning, bent,
tendency ( to)
jni side, flank, wing
jnia pl. jawni2 rib; pl.
also bosom, heart, soul in my
bosom, at heart; ( afarat) she
became happily excited, she trembled with
joy
mujanna winged
mil.); to mobilize ( an army, against)
V to be drafted, be conscripted, be
enlisted (for military service)
jund m. and f., pl. jund,
ajnd soldiers; army j. al-
al Salvation Army
jund pl. jund soldier,
private ( awwal) private first
class (Ir., Syr.); ( mustajidd)
recruits (Ir., Syr.); the
Unknown Soldier
jundya military affairs, the army,
the military; military service
tajnd draft, enlistment (mil.)
recruitment; mobilization
(ijbr) military conscription
tajannud military service
mujannad recruit
gindr standard-bearer, comet (Eg.)
jundub pl. jandib2 grasshopper
1
gandara (eg.) to mangle ( laundry)
gandara mangling (of laundry);
press; O rotary press (typ.)
look up alphabetically
andarma gendarmery
andarm gendarme
gandufl (eg.) oysters 140
1
jandala to throw to the ground, bring
down, fell ( s.o.)
jandal pl. jandil2 stone; pl.
cataract, waterfall (eg.)
2
gundl (eg.) pl. gandl2 gondola
jenrl, ginrl (eg.) general (military
rank)
II to say the burial prayers, conduct the
funeral service ( for the deceased; Chr.)
jinza, janza pl. -t janiz2
bier; funeral procession
junnz pl. jannz2 requiem,
funeral rites, obsequies; funeral
procession
janzabl (= )ginger
1
janzara (= )to be or become
covered with verdigris
jinzr (= )verdigris
2
jinzr (= )pl. janzr2 chain; ( Lat. Gentiana) gentian (eg.)
track (of a caterpillar, of a tank, etc.); a
linear measure (= 5 qaaba = 17.75 m;
also = 20 m; Eg.) rat j. track
sprocket, sprocket wheel
mujanzar track-laying (vehicle)
II to make alike, make similar ( s.th.); to
assimilate, naturalize ( s.o.); to class,
classify, sort, categorize ( s.th.) III to be
akin, be related, similar ( to), be of the
same kind or nature ( as s.o., as s.th.),
be like s.o. or s.th. ( )resemble ( s.o.,
s.th.) V to have o.s. naturalized, acquire
the citizenship ( ;)to be naturalized VI to
be akin, related, of the same kind or
nature, homogeneous
jins pl. ajns kind, sort,
variety, species, class, genus; category;
sex (male, female); gender (gram.); race;
nation ism al-j. (gram.) generic
noun, collective noun of nonpersonal
things (which form a n. un. in (
( baar) the human race; s.o.), lay the blame ( on s.o.),
abn jinsin our fellow tribesmen;
he is Egyptian by nationality;
the fair sex; the
strong sex
jins generic; sexual; racial
l-jins asexual, sexless
jinsya pl. -t nationality,
citizenship
tajns naturalization; paronomasia
(rhet.)
jins (rhet.) assonance, pun,
paronomasia
mujnasa relatedness, kinship,
affinity; similarity, likeness, resemblance
tajannus acquisition of citizenship,
naturalization
tajns homogeneity,
homogeneousness; likeness, similarity,
resemblance
mujnis similar, like, related;
homogeneous
mutajannis naturalized
mutajnis akin, related, of the
same kind or nature, homogeneous
1
VI to deviate ( from); to incline, be
inclined ( or to s.th.)
2
look up alphabetically
junf, junfai sackcloth, sacking
junk pl. junk harp
janow Genoa (seaport in NW Italy)
jan i (jany) to pick, gather, harvest, reap (
s.th., also the fruits of ones work); to
pocket, rake in, collect ( s.th.); to derive
( profit, from); to secure, realize (
profits, an advantage); to incur ( evil,
harm, punishment); to cause, 141 provoke,
bring about ( s.th.); -- ( jinya) to
commit a crime, an outrage ( on); to
offend, sin ( against); to commit,
perpetrate ( danban a crime, an
offense; , less frequently , on or
against); to inflict ( some evil, on
s.o.); to harm ( s.o., s.th.) V to
incriminate, accuse, charge with a crime (
blame ( s.o.); to act meanly VIII to
gather, harvest ( s.th.)
jany harvest; reaping (fig.); -- janan
(coll.) fruits
jinya pl. -t perpetration of a
crime; felony (jur.; in the strictly legal
sense, more than a misdemeanor, ,
and an infraction, ), capital offense
makamat al-j. criminal
court
jin criminal law
(makama) criminal court;
criminal law, penal law
majnan pl. majnin that which
is picked or harvested, a crop; source of
profit or advantage
tajannin incrimination, accusation (
of s.o.); mean way of acting, low,
underhand dealings
jnin pl. junh perpetrator (of a
delict); delinquent, criminal
 majny alaih, harmed, injured;
aggrieved party; victim of a crime
( Fr. Geneve) nf Geneva
( Engl. guinea) ginh, also gunaih pl. t
pound (eg.) ) )pound ijtihd effort, exertion, endeavor,
sterling, English pound;
Egyptian pound (abbreviation: )
see
jahbad pl. jahbida man endowed
with a critical mind; great scholar; bright,
brilliant, intelligent
jahada a (jahd) to endeavor, strive, labor,
take pains, put o.s. out; to over-work,
overtax, fatigue, exhaust ( s.o.) III to
endeavor, strive; to fight ( for
s.th.); t.o wage holy war against the
infidels IV to strain, exert ( s.th.); to tire,
wear out, fatigue ( s.o.), give trouble (
to)( nafsah) to go to great
lengths, go out of ones way ( for or in
s.th.); ( fikrah) to concentrate
on, put one's mind to, apply o.s. t.o VIII to
put o.s. out ( for s.th.), work hard; (Isl.
Law) to formulate an independent
judgment in a legal or theological question
(based on the application of the 4 ul; as
opposed to taqlid, q.v.)
jahd pl. jud strain; exertion;
endeavor, attempt, effort; trouble, pains (
on behalf or for the sake of s.th.); O
voltage, tension (el.) jahada
jahdah, also )( to do (try)
ones utmost, do (try) all in ones power,
make every conceivable effort;
bi-jahdin jahdin with great difficulty, by
dint of atrenuous efforts; after
a lot of trouble O ( lin) high
tension (el.)
juhd strain, exertion; juhda (used
prepositionally) to the limit of ...
juhda -qa as far as possible, as
much as possible; j. qatih as
much as he can, to the limit of his
abilities; juhda imknih do.;
juhda m as much as. to the limits of
what ... ; juhd as far as I can
jahd see jahd
jihd fight, battle; jihad, holy war
(against the infidels, as a religious duty)
jihd fighting, military
mujhada fight, battle
ijhd exertion; overexertion,
overstrain(ing) 142
pains, trouble; application, industry,
diligence; (Isl. Law) independent
judgment in a legal or theological
queetion, based on the interpretation and
application of the 4 ul, as opposed to
taqld, q.v.; individual judgment
majhd pl. -t endeavor, effort,
exertion, pains, trouble, work; O voltage,
tension (el.) to make every
effort, go to greatest lengths
mujhid pl. -n fighter, freedom
fighter; warrior; sergeant (Eg. 1939)
mujhid strenuous, exacting, trying,
grueling; -- mujhad overworked,
exhausted
mujtahid diligent, industrious; (pl.
-n) mujtahid, a legist formulating
independcnt decisions in legal or
theological matters, based on the
interpretation and application of the four
ul, as oppoeed to muqallid, q.v.
jahara a (jahr, jihr) to be brought to
light, come out, show, appear; -- to
declare publicly, announce ( or s.th.);
to avow in public, proclaim ( s.th.); to
raise ( the voice); -- jahura u (
jahra) to be loud, be clearly audible
(voice) III to declare or say openly, voice,
utter, express frankly ( s.th.)
jahr and jihr publicness,
publicity, notoriety; jahran and
jihran publicly, in public
jahratan openly, overtly, frankly,
publicly
jahr notorious, well-known,
public
jahr loud (voice, shout)
ajhar2 day-blind
ajhar2 (elative) louder, more
audible
jahwar loud (voice)
 mijhar loud-voiced
mijhar pl. majhir2
microsoope
mijhar microscopic(al)
mijhr loud-voiced; O
loudspeaker
mujhara franknees, candor (of
ones words)
jahaza a to finish off ( a
wounded man), deliver the coup de grace
to ( )II to make ready, prepare ( s.th.);
to arrange ( s.th.); to provide, supply (
s.th.); to equip, fit out, furnish, supply,
provide ( or s.th. or s.o. with) IV to
finish off ( a wounded man), deliver
the coup de grace to ( ;)to finish, ruin (
s.o.) V to he equipped, furnished,
supplied, provided; to equip o.s.; to
prepare o.s., get ready; to be ready, be
prepared
jahz (alas pronounced jihz) pl.
-t, ajhiza equipment, appliances,
outfit, gear, rig; trousseau; contrivance,
gadget; implement, appliance, utensil;
installation, apparatus (techn.); system,
apparatus (anat.) ( l-silk) stupid ( s.o.)
wirelees set, radio; radio
(receiving set); O ( mustaqbil),
O , O receiver, of ignorance
receiving set (radio); ( mu), O
j. al-irsl transmitter (radio);
television set; j. majhal pl. majhil2
al-afr drilling rig; oil derrick;
(daur) circulatory system (anat.);
or
( hazzt, arya)seismograph; tajhl stultification
( sirr) secret organization,
underground organization;
sound locator; ( aab) the
nervous system; j. al-ham
digestive apparatus
tajhz equipment, furnishment;
preparation; pl. equipment, gear
144
tajhz preparatory; (of a school)
preparing for college
jhiz ready, prepared; readymade;
equipped )or) ( albisa)
ready-made clothes
mujahhaz equipped, provided,
furnished, supplied ( with); armed (
with guns; of a ship, tank, etc.)
IV to sob, break into sobs
(buk) to be on the verge of tears,
struggle with tears; to break into tears
jaha (n. vic.) pl. -t sob; outburst
of tears
ijh outburst of tears
IV to bear young ones, litter; to have a
miscarriage (woman)
(nafsah) she induced an abortion
jih miscarried fetus
jah miscarried fetus
ijh miscarriage, abortion;
induced abortion
jahila a (jahl, jahla) to be ignorant;
not to know ( or s.th., how to do s.th.);
to be irrational, foolish; to behave
foolishly ( toward) VI to ignore (
s.th.); to refuse to have anything to do (
with), shut ones eyes ( to), disregard (
a fact); to affect ignorance, pretend to
know nothing X to consider ignorant or
jahl and jahla ignorance;
folly, foolishness, stupidity out
jahl ignorant; foolish, stupid
unknown region, unexplored territory
unknown Africa
tajhul ignoring, disregard(ing)
jhil pl. jahala, juhhal,
juhhl, juhal not knowing (
s.th., how to do s.th.); ignorant,
uneducated, illiterate; foolish; fool
jhil pagan, of or pertaining to
pre-Islamic times
jhilya state of ignorance; pre-
Islamic paganism, pre-Islamic times
majhl unknown; anonymous
(also m. al-ism); pl.
majhl2 unknown things
gat al-m. passive (gram.)
 majhlya being unknown, answer ( s. . s.th.), reply, respond (
unknown nature to s.o., to s.th.); to comply ( with),
jahuma u ( jahma, juhma) to accede ( to) IV to answer ( or s.o.,
frown, glower V to frown, scowl, glower; or a question), reply, respond ( or
to s.o., to s.th.); to comply ( with
to regard with displeasure (, or s.o. or
a request), accede, defer ( to); to hear (
s.th.), frown ( or on); to eye gloomily,
s.o.), accede to the request or wishes of (
coolly, grimiy ( or s.o., s.th.); to
;)to fulfill, grant ( a wish); to consent,
become sullen, gloomy (face)
assent, agree ( to); to concur ( in)
jahm sullen, glum, morose, gloomy alabihi) to comply with s.o.s
(face) request VI to reply to one another; to echo
jahm clouds ( from); to ring out (voices); to be
(mutually) corresponding, harmonize; to
jahma and juhma grim be favorahle, propitious ( to s.o.;
look, sullen expression; gloominoss; situation) VIl to scatter, break up, pass
brooding silence over (clauds); to be dispelled, disappear,
jahannam2 (f.) hell vanish (worries); to fade (darkness) X
to hear, answer ( a prayer), grant (
jahannam hellish, infernal a request); to comply with the request of
jaww pl. ajw, jiw (pl. (), accede or defer to the wiohes of (;)
frequently with singnlar meaning) air; to react ( to); to respond ( to, with),
atmosphere (also fig.); sky; weather; listen, pay attention ( to), show interest (
sphere, milieu, environment; jawwan in); to meet, answer ( s.o. with),
by air; by telegraph, telegraphically reply ( to s.o. with or hy doing s.th.);
air mail; abaqt al-j. air to resound, reverberate, re-echo; to
layers; ( mumir) in rainy resonate ( or to s.th.), be in resonance
weather with (phys.); -- istajwaba to
interrogate, examine, question ( s.o.); to
jaww air, aerial, aero- (in
hear ( the defendant or witn...); to
compounds); airy, atmospheric(al);
interpellate ( s.o.; in parliament)
weather (used attributively),
meteorologic(al)( ag) jaub travening, touring, exploration
atmospheric pressure; ( abaqt) (of foreign countries); piercing,
air layers; ( usl) air fleet; penetration
air raid; ( quwt) air force; jauba pl. -t, juwab opening,
aviation; ( mn) gap; hole, pit
airport; meteorological
observations; ( ajar) meteorite jawb pl. ajwiba answer,
reply; octave (to a given tone; mus.); (eg.;
( colloq.) jaww (pronounced gwa pronounced gawb pl. -t) letter,
in Eg.) in it, within; inside message j. a-ar, main
jawwn, juwwn inner, inside, clause (conclusion) of a conditional
interior sentence, apodosis
guwfa (eg.) guava (fruit); guavshrub jawb answering (used
attributively)
( eg.) guwl pl. -t sack
jawwb traverser (of foreign
( It. guanti; eg.) gloves
countries), traveler, explorer
1
( Fr. jupe) skirt
ijba answer(ing), reply(ing),
2
( ( jba u (jaub) to travel, wander ( response, respondence; compliance;
through), traverse, roam, tour, explore ( fulfillment, granting (of a request);
s.th., e.g., foreign lands); to pierce, accession, consent, assent
penetrate ( s.th.), cut through ( ;)to ijbatan li-alabikum, in compliance with
wander, cruise ( about a place) III to your request; in answer to your request
 tajwub agreement, conformity;
harmony
istijba hearing, answering (of a
prayer); granting, fulfillment (of a
request); resonance; consonance (phys.)
istijbatan li in compliance with,
in answer to, in deference to
istijwb pl. -t interrogation,
questioning; hearing; interview;
interpellation (in parliament)
mutajwib harmonious
mustajb hearing, answering,
granting; reverberant, resonant,
resonating; responsive, susceptible,
impressible 145
( Engl.) jt jute
) )ja u and IV to annihilate, destroy,
ruin; to flood, inundate ( the land) VIII
do.; to carry away, sweep away ( s.o.,
s.th.; storm); to put down, subdue, quell (
s.th., e.g., a riot)
destruction, annihilation; crop
damage; crop failure, bad harvest
ijtiy destruction, annihilation;
subdual, suppression
ji crushing, devastating;
disastrous
jia pl. jawi2 calamity, Koran reading (in accordance with
disaster, ruin; epldemic; crop damage
j pl. ajw broadcloth
conversant ( with an art or field of
knowledge); to accomplish or say good,
excellent thing; to achieve excellent
results; to be excellent, outstanding,
distinguish o.s. (e.g., as a poet)
(lugatan) to master language;
( azfa) to play the piano well X
to think ( s.th.) good or excellent,
approve of ( ;)to consider ( s.th.)
suitable for or appropriate to ()
jd openhandedness, liberality,
generosity
jaud heavy rains
see under 2
jda goodness, excellence
jayyid pl. jiyd good, perfect,
faultless; outstanding, excellent, first-rate;
good (as an examination grade);
jayyidan well, excellently; thoroughly
( jidda) very good (also as an
examination grade)
ajwad2 better ,
jawd pl. ajwd, ajwid2,
ajawd2, jd openhanded, liberal,
generous, magnanimous; jawd pl.
jiyd, ajyd, ajwd2 race horse,
racer; charger noble man
tajwd art of reciting the Koran,
established rule, of pronunciation and
intonation)

) )jda u ( jda) to be or become mujd adept, efficient, proficient

good, become better, improve; -- (jd) to jaudr see ( alphabetically)
grant generously ( s.th.), be so generous
) )jra u (jaur) to deviate, stray (
as to do s.th. ( with verbal noun); to be
from); to commit an outrage ( on), bear
liberal, openhanded ( with s.th.,
down ( upon), wrong, persecute,
toward s.o.), bestow liberally ( s.th.,
oppress, tyrannize ( s.o.); to encroach,
upon s.o.), grant, give lavishly ( of s.th.,
make inroads ( on anothers territory)
to s.o.), shower ( s.o. with); to
III to be the neighbor of s.o. (), live next
donate ( a sum of money, etc.)
door to ( ;)to be adjacent, be next ( to
to sacrifice o.s.; to give up the ghost;
s.th.), adjoin ( s.th.); to be in the
( ainhu bi-d-dam) tears
immediate vicinity of () , be close to (
welled from his eyes; ( heavens
;)to border ( on) IV to grant asylum or
granted rain) it rained II to do well (
a sanctuary ( to s.o.); to protect ( s.o.,
s.th.); to make better, improve, better,
from), take ( s.o.) under ones wing; to
ameliorate ( s.th.); to recite (the Koran;
stand by s.o. (), aid ( s.o.) VI to be
cf. )IV to do well, do excellently (
neighbors; to be adjacent; to have a
s.th.); to master ( s.th.), be skilled,
common border X to seek protection, seek
proficient ( in), be an expert ( at), be
 refuge ( with s.o., from s.th.), appeal disregard ( s.th.), pay no attention (
for aid ( to s.o., against s.th.) 146 to); to let ( s.th.) go unpunished; to give
jaur injustice; oppression, tyranny; up, forgo, relinquish ( s.th.) IV to
outrage traverse, cross ( s.th., on the way to);
to permit, allow ( to s.o. s.th.); to
jr pl. jrn neighbor; refugee; authorize ( s.o. to do s.th., also ;) to
protg, charge license ( s.th.); to approve, confirm,
jra pl. -t neighboress endorse ( a decision, a judgment); to
approve ( of s.th.), sanction ( s.th.) V to
jra neighborhood tolerate, suffer, bear VI to pass ( s.th. or
jra pl. juwar pit, hole by s.th.), go or walk past s.th. ( ;)to go
beyond s.th. (), overstep, cross, leave
see alphabetically behind ( s.th.); to exceed, surpass (
jiwr neighborhood, proximity; s.th., also ;)to go too far, overstep all
in the neighborhood of, in the bounds, encroach, make inroads; to pass
vicinity of, near, close to over s.th. (), disregard ( s.th.) pay no
attention ( to); to give up, forgo,
mujwara neighborhood,
re1inquish (A s.th.); to refrain from) VIII
proximity
to pass, run, go ( through), cut across (
jir pl. jawara, jra ;)to cross ( a border, a street, a
unjust. unfair; tyrannical, despotic; tyrant, mountain range); to traverse ( a country
oppressor, despot or sea); to cover ( a distance); to pass (
mujwir neighboring, adjacent; through the mind; said of ideas, thoughts);
near, close by; (pl. -n) student (esp. of Al to go ( through hard times or a crisis); to
Azhar University; living in the vicinity of surmount, overcome ( a crisis) X to
the Mosque) deem permissible ( s.th.); to ask
permission
mujr protector
jauz pl. ajwz heart, center (of
mutajwir having a common a desert, of a large area, etc.)
border; adjoining, adjacent, contiguous amid, in the middle of, in;
jaurab pl. jawrib2 stocking; sock ( fa) in space
jorjiy Georgia (republic of the jawz permissibility, admissibility;
U.S.S.R.) lawfulness, legality; permission, (official)
1
permit, license, authorization; possibility,
jr damask rose (Rosa damascena, conceivability; passing (of an
bot.); crimson examination) j. as-safar (pl.
2
( Engl.) jr jury -t) (traveling) passport 147
1
( ( jza u ( jawz, majz) to majz crossing; passage; corridor
pass, come, travel ( through); to pass ( (pol.-georgr.); metaphor, figurative
an examination, a test); to be allowed, expression (rhet.) majzanl,
permitted, permissible; to be possible, figuratively, metaphorically
conceivable; to work, succeed ( with majz figurative, metaphorical
s.o.; deceit, artifice) ( la)
the trick worked with him, he fell for the ijza pl. -t permission,
trick II to permit, allow ( s.th.); to authorization; approval; license; = Fr.
approve ( of), sanction, warrant, licence as an academic degree; permit;
authorize ( s.th.) III to pass ( s.th. or by vacation, leave (of absence)
s.th.), go or walk past s.th. ( ;)to go i. al-ar grant of patent, issue of letters
beyond s.th. (), overstep, cross, leave patent; patent; ( qunulya)
behind ( s.th.), also, e.g., exequatur of a consul (dipl.);
( umr) he is past thirty; to exceed, (maraya) sick leave;
surpass ( s.th.); to pass over s.th. (),
 (madrasya) school vacation;
on leave, on vacation
mujwaza and tajwuz
crossing; exceeding; overdraft,
overdrawing (of an account); disregard (
for); relinquishment ( of s.th.)
ijtiyz traversing, crossing;
passage; transit; covering (of a distance);
passing (of an examination); surmounting
(of difficulties)
jiz permitted, lawful, legal;
conceivable, thinkable
jiza pl. jawiz2 prize,
reward, premium ( dirsya) II to make hollow, hollow out ( s.th.)
stipend, scholarship
mujz licensed; licentiate (as an
academic title, = Fr. licenci; e.g.,
licenci s sciences)
2
= II to give in marriage
jauz pl. ajwz = couple
( syr.; pronounced mwez,
muzwaj) wind instrument with a
double pipe, corresponding to the
Egyptian zummra)
3
al-jauz Gemini (astron.)
4
jauz (coll.; n. un. pl. -t) walnut
j. a-b nutmeg; j. al-qai
nux vomioa; j. al-hind,
(hind) coconut; j. alqazz cocoon,
chrysalis of the silkworm
gza (eg.) narghile
jauz nut (used attributively and in
compounds); nut-brown, hazel
5
look up alphabetically
jauzal pl. jawzil2 young pigeon
( ( jsa u to peer around, pry around,
look around ( killa in); to search,
investigate, explore ( s.th.) VIII to
search, investigate, explore ( s.th.)
jausaq pl. jawsiq2 palace; manor,
villa
gawa pl. gawi2 (eg.) dowel,
peg
) )ja u to be hungry; to starve II to
cause ( s.o.) to starve, starve out, famish (
s.o.) IV do.
j hunger, starvation to
starve to death
jaun2, f. jau, pl.
jiy hungry, starved, famished
maja pl. -t famine
ji pl. jiy, juwwa
hungry, starved, famished
tajw starving out
ija starving out
jauf pl. ajwf hollow, cavity;
depression; interior, inside, center, heart;
belly, abdomen; north (magr.)
inside, in the interior of, in the middle of;
( j. il-lail) or ( jaufa) in
the middle of the night
jauf inner, interior, inside;
subterranean, underground, subsurface (of
geological strata); northern (magr.)
ground water 148
1
ajwaf2, f. jauf, pl. jf
hollow; empty; vain, futile, inane,
pointless, senseless
tajwf pl. tajwf2, hollow,
cavity
mujawwaf hollowed out, hollow
jauq pl. ajwq and jauqa
pl. -t troop, group; theatrical troupe,
operatic company; choir (mus.); orchestra,
band (also ( mudr
al-j. conductor, bandleader, choir leader;
j. a-araf Legion of Honor
1
) )jla u (jaul, jaula, tajwl,
jawaln) to roam, rove, wander
about; to move freely, be at home ( in a
field of learning), occupy o.s. ( with); to
be circulated, go the rounds; to pass (
through the mind) to preoccupy
s.o., engross s.o.s attention;
) )what he is preoccupied with,
what is on his mind;
(dam, ainaihi) his eyes swam in tears;
( yaduh) he laid his hands on,
he committed defalcations of IV to
circulate, pass around ( s.th.)
(raya) to weigh s.th. thoroughly, ponder
s.th.; ( naara) to let ones eyes 2
wander about; to look around V to roam,
rove, wander about, move around; to
patrol, go the rounds; to cruise; to tour,
travel from place to place, travel about
jaula pl. -t circuit, round; patrol;
excursion, outing; tour; (round) trip;
voyage, run (of a steamer); (round-trip)
flight (of an airplane); round (in sports)
jawwl wandering, migrant,
itinerant, roving; cruising; traveling;
ambulant; traveler, tourist; see also
alphabetically rmin jawwl pl.
rumh jawwla rifleman (mil.;
Syr.)
jawwla one given to roaming or
traveling; wanderer, wayfarer; O
motorcycle; cruiser
tajwl migration, wandering,
roving, traveling; nomadic life, nomadism
jawaln migration, wandering,
roving, traveling; nomadic life, nomadism
j. al-yad embezzlement,
defalcation
majl pl. -t room, space ( for
s.th.); field, domain, sphere; scope, extent;
reach; range; elbowroom, free scope; play,
clearance; field (magn.)
(akk) to admit of no doubt;
( majlan, an) (it is) incontestable;
in this connection;
( ammah) to give s.o. a free hand,
wide scope of action; ( ayaw)
lebensraum; m. al-amal field of
activity; ( magnas) s.th.); to bring forth, produce ( s.th.); to
magnetic field; iddat al-m. field
intensity (magn.)
tajawwul roaming, roving,
wandering, migration; going out, moving
about; patrol, round; (round) trip, tour;
traveling man at-t. curfew reports that ... ;
bi jwil pl. from Paris says that ... ;
peddler, hawker
mutajawwil wandering, migrant,
roaming, roving, itinerant; ambulant;
traveling; traveler traveling
salesman; ( bayy) peddler,
hawker; ( qisss) itinerant
preacher
look up alphabetically
golf golf (eg.)
look up alphabetically
jn pl ajwn gulf, inlet, bay
( It. gonnella)gonella pl. -t
(womans) skirt (eg.) 149
look up alphabetically
II tajauhara to become substance
jauhar pl. jawhir2 intrinsic,
essential nature, essence; content,
substance (as opposed to form; philos.);
matter, substance; atom; jewel, gem; pl.
jewelry ( zaif) the spurious
and the genuine
jauhara jewel, gem
jauhar substantial; intrinsic,
essential, inherent; fundamental, main,
chief, principal; material; jeweler
jauharj jeweler
mugauhart (eg.) jewelry,
trinkets; jewels, gems
1
jawiya a (jawan) to be passionately
stirred by love or grief
jawan ardent love, passion
2
look up alphabetically
= look up alphabetically
) )ja yaju ( maj) to come
( to); to get ( to), reach ( a place);
to arrive; to bring ( s.th.; to s.o.
set forth ( s.th.); to do, perform; to
commit, perpetrate ( s.th.); to occur, be
mentioned, be said ( in an article,
document or book); (with foll. Imperf.) to
be about or set out to do s.th.
the newspaper Al Ahram
a report
(mubiqatan) its results coincided with ...
ja, jaia coming, arrival
( dahb) coming and going,
to pace the floor, walk up and down
maj coming, arrival, advent
 al-jiyt the things to come jfa pl. jiyaf, ajyf corpse,
1
jaib pl. juyb breast, bosom, heart; cadaver
sine (math.); hole, hollow, cavity, k Czech
excavation; pocket; purse
jl pl. ajyl people, nation, tribe;
(a) the privy purse;
generation; century; epoch, era
tamm al-j., cosine (math.);
pocket watch; pocket ( It. gelati) jlt ice cream
money; ( anfya) the nasal jm name of the letter
sinuses (anat.); j. al-
muqwama pockets of resistance (mil.) ( Fr. gaine) corselet, sheath corset (eg.)
jaib pocket (adj.) jiyogrfiy geography
2
( baarya) anthropogeography
jp, jb and sayyrat j. jeep
jiyofziy geophysics
( ir.) t a colorful cotton fabric, chintz
1
jiyofziy geophysical
jd pl. ajyd, juyd neck ( sana) the geophysical year
2
jayyid see jiyofzq geophysical
3
see jawd jiyoljiy geology
1
jairi surely, truly, verily jiyolj geologic(al)
2
jr lime

jr calcareous, lime (adj.)
jayyr unslaked lime
jayyra limekiln name of the letter
3
II to endorse (fin.) m rabbi the chief rabbi
( It. giro) endorsement (fin.) see
4
see m Hamitic
gza Giza (city in N Egypt); a brand of and see
Egyptian cotton ( pronounced amba) pl. awnib2
) )ja i ( jayan) to be excited, (formerly Tun.) hamba, palace gendarme
be agitated; to rage, storm; to boil, simmer of the Bey of Tunis
II to levy troops, mobilize an army X to see
raise, mobilize ( an army, also, e.g., 1
anran followers) abba i (ubb) to love, like II to evoke (
in s.o.) love or a liking ( for s.th. or
jai pl. army, troops, armed s.o.), make ( s.o.) love or like ( s.th.
forces occupation forces; or s.o.); to endear ( s.th. to s.o.), make
army reserve; ( s.th.) dear, lovable, attractive ( for
(murbi) territorial army; j. al- s.o.), make ( s.th.) palatable, acceptable (
inqd Salvation Army; al- to s.o.); to urge ( s.th. on s.o.),
mas dusk, evening twilight 150 suggest ( s.th. to s.o.) IV ( ubb,
jayy agitated, impassioned; maabba) to love, like ( s.o., s.th.); to
excited, boiling up; ebullient; pleasurably wish, want, or like, to do s.th. ((
excited, happily stimulated uibbu an I should like to ... ; to
like about s.o. that he ... ;
jayan excitement, agitation; (aira) he doesnt want him to be happy,
raging he grudges him everything V to show
) )jfa i, II and V to be putrid, stink love, reveal ones affections ( to s.o.);
(decaying cadaver) to endear o. s. ( to s.o.), make o.s.
popular, ingratiate o.s. ( with s.o.); to
court, woo ( a woman) VI to love one
another X to like ( s.th.); to deem (
s.th.) desirable, recommendable; to prefer
( s.th. to s.th. else)
ubb love; affection, attachment
. ad-dt self-love, amour-propre;
curiosity, inquisitiveness;
. al-waan patriotism;
(ubban) out of love or affection for, out
of friendship for; in the desire to
ubb friendly, amicable, loving;
ubbyan in an amicable manner,
amicably; by fair means (jur.)
ibb pl. abb darling, dear,
dearest (one)
abb aim, goal, end 151
abb pl. aibb2, aibba, seed(s); grains, kernels; granules; pellets;
beloved, sweetheart, lover; darling;
dear one, friend; dear ( to s.o.); popular;
the beloved ones, the dear ones
labba pl. abib2
sweetheart, darling, beloved woman
aabb2 dearer, more desirable,
preferable ( to s.o.)
abbad (with foll. Nominative)
how nice, how lovely is ... ! how good,
excellent, perfect is ! how nice
it would be if ; h. l-lu pastille; berry; pustule, pimple; triviality,
lau faala it would be nice, or he would do
well, if he did it; ( lu) thats
just wonderful!
maabba love; affection,
attachment m. al-waan
patriotism
taabbub courtship, wooing
tabub mutual love, concord,
harmony
mabb beloved; dear; lovable,
desirable; popular; favorite; beloved one,
lover; (pl. mabb2) gold piece,
sequin (in Ottoman times; eg.)
mabba sweetheart, darling,
beloved woman
muabbab agreeable, pleasant,
desirable, lovable, dear ( to s.o.); nice,
likable
muibb pl. -n loving; lover;
fancier, amateur, fan; friend
philanthropic(al), affable; our
dear friend; friends of archeology;
( li-datih) egoist
mutabb loving one another,
concordant
mustaabb (re)commendable,
desirable (said of acts whose neglect is not
punished by God, but whose performance
is rewarded; Isl. Law); well-liked, popular
2
II to produce seed, go to seed (plant); to
bear seed (grain); to granulate, become
granulated; to granulate ( s.th.) IV to
produce seed
abb (coll.; n. un. )grains; seed; --
pl. ubb grain, cereals, corn;
pills, pastilles; berries; acne, pustules,
pimples chufa (Cyperus
esculentus L.; bot.); . al-faqad
chaste tree (Vitex agous castus L.; bot.);
croton seeds (seeds of Croton tiglium;
bot.); (magr.) cherries; . al-hl
and ( ( . al-hn cardamom
(Amomum cardamomum L.; bot.);
. al-gamm hail, hail-stones
abba (n. un.; see also abb) pl.
-t grain, granule; seed; kernel; pill,
trille; a square measure (Eg.; = 58.345
m2); pl. beads (of the rosary)
. ar a linear measure (Eg.; =
0.205 cm); ( ulwa) aniseed;
( saud) black caraway (Nigella
sativa L.; bot.); grains of sand;
. al-ain eyeball; pupil (of the
eye); . al-qalb dearest one,
beloved, darling
abab blister
ubaiba pl. -t little grain, small
kernel; small pimple or pustule
ubaib granular, granulated
( ramad) trachoma (med.)
abab (coll.) watermelon (hij.)
ubib firefly, glowworm
 II to approve, think wall ( of s.th.),
commend ( s.th.); to applaud, acclaim,
cheer ( s.o., s.th.)
see 1
tayd approval; acclamation,
acclaim, applause, cheering 152
abara u (abr) to gladden, make happy,
delight ( s.o.); -- abira a ( ubr) to
be glad, happy II to embellish, refine,
make workmanlike ( s.th.); to compose (
s.th.) in elegant style; to write, compose
( s.th.)
ubisa maa -ugl he was
committed to prison under hard labor II to
tie up inalienably ( funds, for, esp.
for a pious purpose), make a religious
bequest (, for the benefit of )VII to
be held back, be held up, stop, be
interrupted, intermit; to restrain o.s., hold
back VIII to block, obstruct, bar, confine (
s.o., s.th.); to detain, hold in custody (
s.o., s.th.); to hold back, retain,
suppress ( s.o., s.th.); to be detained,
held up; to be impeded, held back; to
falter, break, fail (voice), stop (breath)

ibr ink umm al-ibr squid, abs (act of) holding or keeping
cuttlefish; ( waraq) mere ink back, obstruction, check, repression;
on paper, of no effect (e.g., an agreement, blocking off, barring, confinement;
a treaty) damming up, staving off; safekeeping,
custody, retention; imprisonment, arrest,
abr, ibr pl. abr a non- detention, jailing; (pl. ubs) prison,
Muslim religious authority, 1earned man, jail ( itiy) detention
scribe; hishop; rabbi the Pope; (pending investigation);
sifr al-a. Leviticus (Old Test.) (infird) solitary confinement;
abr pontifical penal servitude
(qudds) pontifical mass (Chr.) ibs pl. dam, weir, barrage
abrya office or dignity of a ubs, ubs pl. abs (Tun.,
bishop, bishopric, pontificate Alg. Mor. = waqf) inalienable property the
abara, ibara pl. -t silken shawl yield of which is devoted to pious
or wrap (worn in public by ladies) purposes, religious bequest, (Fr. jur.)
habous( mm) public habous,
abr, ibr pl. -t mark, trace ( a) private habous;
(esp. of blows), welt, wale ) ) = to be entirely
ubr joy dependent on
ubr pl. ubrayt ubsa speech defect, impediment
bustard (zool.) of speech
yabr bustard chick (zool.) abs blocked-off, shut-off,
barred, confined, locked-up; secluded;
mibara, mabara pl.
bated (breath); choking (voice); (pl.
mabir2 inkwell
ubas2) hermit
abasa i (abs) to obstruct, shut off,
mabas, mabis pl.
confine ( s.o., s.th.), block, bar, hold
mabis2 place where s.th. is confined or
back, check ( s.th. from; also tears,
locked up; jail, prison; (prison) cell 153
laughter, etc.); to withhold ( from s.o.
s.th.); to hold in custody, detain ( s.o.) to mibas device for shutting off or
apprehend, arrest, jail, imprison ( s.o.); to blocking off
keep, keep back, put aside, put away ( mabasa hermitage
s.th. for); to tie up, invent inalienably (
capital) to devote o.s. inibs seclusion, confinement;
entirely to ... ; ( yadah) to take stoppage, interruption; cessation
(s.th.) out from under s.o.s power; itibs retention, restraint;
( anfsah) to make s.o. catch his inhibition, impediment, obstruction,
breath, take s.o.s breath away;
 stoppage itibs al-baul
suppression of urine, ischuria
mabs shut-off (from the
outside world), isolated, secluded,
confined, locked-up; imprisoned, captive;
tied-up (funds); (pl. mabis2)
prisoner, prison inmate, convict
muabbis donor of a habous (see
ubs)
al-muabbas alaihi
beneficiary of a habous (see ubs)
munhabis secluded, shut-off
al-aba Abyssinia, Ethiopia; (pl.
al-ab) the Abyssinians, Ethiopians
al-abaa (and ) to play a double game, work both side, of
Abyssinia, Ethiopia
aba pl. ab
Abyssinian, Ethiopian
abaa i (( ub) and abia a to
come to nothing, fail, miscarry, go wrong;
to be futile, be of no avail, be lost IV to
frustrate, thwart, foil, defeat ( s.th.,
in s.th. s.o.; negotiations, efforts, an
attempt, etc.)
aba scar of a wound, wale, welt
ub futility, failure
ab frustration, thwarting, foiling
abaq basil (bot.); (eg.) a variety of
speedwell (Veronica anagallis aquatica L.)
abaka i u (abk) to weave well and tight
( s.th.); to braid, plait ( s.th.); to twist,
twine, tighten ( s.th.); to knit ( s.th.); to
devise, contrive ( a plan, a plot) II to
twist, twine, tighten ( s.th.) to fasten (
s.th.)
abka fabric, tissue; texture,
structure
ubuk: p. . an-nujm the favor ( s.o.); to side ( with s.o.), be
orbits of the celestial bodies
ibka weavers trade, weaving
mabk tightly woven; tight, taut;
sturdy, strong, robust, husky
mutabik interwoven, intersecting
1 ib gift, present
VIII to ensnare, catch in a snare (
s.o., s.th.)
abl pl. ibl, abul,
ubl, abl rope, cable, hawser;
cord, string, thread; (pl. ibl) beam,
ray (e.g., of the sun, of light), jet (e.g., of
water); vein; sinew, tendon
jugular vein; ( surr) umbilical
cord; ( auk) spine;
(autya) vocal cords; ivy
(bot.); jets of water; ( )
alq (alaqa) l-abla al
l-grib to let things go, slacken the reins,
give a free hand, impose no restraint;
slackening of the reins,
yielding; relenting; iraba
abluh to get into a state of disorder, of
disorganization, of disintegration, get out
of control; ( laiba, ablain)
the street
ubla pl. abl2 snare, net;
rope with a noose; pl. tricks, wiles,
artifices, stratagems (in order to get s.th.)
ibla pl. abil2 snare, net
bil: ( italaa)
everything became confused, got into a
state of utter confusion; all
together, all in a medley 154
2
labila a (abal) to be or become
pregnant, conceive and IV to make
pregnant ( a woman)
abal conception; pregnancy
ubl pl. abl and
ablna pregnant
abana dropsy
) abb al-hn) cardamom
(Amomum cardamomum L.; bot.)
) )ab u (abw) to crawl, creep: to
present ( s.o. with s.th.), give, award (
to s.o. s.th.) III to be obliging ( to s.o.),
show ones good will ( toward s.o.); to
partial ( to s.o.); to show respect,
deference ( to s.o.) VIII to sit with ones
legs drawn up and wrapped in one's
garment
ibwa, ubwa, abwa gift, present
 mubh obligingness matm imposed, enjoined,
complaisance, courtesy; favor(ing), obligatory; determined, definitive,
favoritism, partiality determinate, unalterable, ineviroble;
atta u (att) to rub off, scrape off, scratch destined, predestined, ordained (fate)
off ( s.th.) muattam imposed, enjoined,
obligatory; determined, definitive,
itta pl. itat (eg.) piece, bit, morsel
determinate, unalterable, inevitable;
att (prep.) until, till, up to, as far destined, predeotined, ordained (fate)
as; (conj.; with perf.) until, so that; (with
subj.) until, that, so that, in order that; -- mutaattim absolutely necessary;
imperative (duty)
(particle) even, eventually even; and even;
even if; (with preceding negation) see
not even, and be it only 1
atta u (att) to urge, incite, prompt,
utt scraps; morsels, crumbs goad, spur on, egg on, prod, provoke, 155
impel ( s.o., to do s.th.)
tat corrosion
(uh) to quicken ones pace, hurry (
atida a (atad) to be of pure origin to a place); ( arqa) to hurry,
matid descent, origin, lineage hasten; ( qadamaihi) to quicken
ones pace, break into a run VIII and X = I
utra small piece, bit, trifle
att quick, rapid, quick
itr pl. utur border, edge,
fringe, surroundings, vicinity tta hormone
2
atf pl. utf death ) itt Hittite (n. and adj.)
( yabatu an (yas il) utla dregs, lees, sediment; scum (fig.);
atfih bi-ilfih he brings about his own offal, discard, scraps silk
destruction, digs his own grave; combings
mta atfa anfih he died a natural
death ) )at u (atw) to strew, scatter, spread,
disperse ( s.th.)
atama i (atm) to decree, make necessary, ajja u to overcome, defeat ( s.o., with
prescribe ( s.th. for s.o.), make ( arguments, with evidence), confute ( s.o.); to
s.th.) a duty, a necessity ( for s.o.); to convince ( s.o.); -- (ajj) to make the
impose, enjoin ( s.th. upon s.o.); to pilgrimage (to Mecca), perform the hadj III to
decide, determine definitely ( s.th.) II to dispute, debate, argue, reason ( with s.o.) VI
decree, make necessary, prescribe ( to argue against each other, carry on a dispute,
s.th. for s.o.), make ( s.th.) a duty, a to debate; to take counsel VIII to advance (
necessity ( for s.o.) V to be necessary; s.th.) as an argument, plea, excuse, or pretext;
to be s.o.s ( )duty, be incumbent ( to allege in support or vindication, plead (
upon s.o.) s.th.); to vindicate, justify ( s.th.); to protect,
atm pl. utm imposition, remonstrate ( against), object, raise
injunction; final decision, resolution, objections ( to)
determination; atman decidedly, ajj and ijja pl. -t, ijaj
definitely, neceaoarily, inevitably pilgrimage; hadj, the official Muslim
atm decided, definite, final, pilgrimage to Mecca d l-ijja
conclusive, definitive, unalterable, Zulhijjah, the last month of the Islamic
irrevocable, inevitable calendar

atmya decidedness, definiteness, ujja pl. jaj argument;

definitiveness, determinateness,
unalterableness; necessity
l-atmya indeterminism
(philos.)
pretense, pretext, plea; proof, evidence;
document, writ, deed, record; authority
under the pretense that , on the
plea on the pretext of
 ajj pl. aijja circumorbital
ring (anat.)
maajj destination (of a journey)
maajja pl. majj2
destination of a pilgrimage, object of
pilgrimage, shrine; destination (of s
journey); goal; road; way; procedure,
method m. a-awb the
Right Way, the Straight Path;
railroad
ijj argument, dispute, debate
taajjuj argumentation, pleading,
offering of a pretext, pretense, excuse
itijj pl. -t argumentation;
pretext, excuse, plea, pretense; protest,
remonstrance ( against), objection,
exception ( to)
jj pl. ujjj, ajj limitation, curtailing ( of s.th.); barring,
pilgrim; hadji, Mecca pilgrim, honorific
title of one who has performed the
pilgrimage to Mecca
ajaba u (ajb) to veil, cover, screen,
shelter, seclude ( s.th. from); to hide,
obscure ( s.th. from s.th. else, e.g.,
from sight); to eclipse, outshine,
overshadow ( s.o.); to make
imperceptible, invisible ( s.th. to); to
conceal ( s.th. from s.o.); to make or
form a separation ( -- between
and) II to veil, hide, conceal; to hide from
sight, keep in seclusion ( a woman); to
disguise, mask ( s.th. with) V to
conceal o.s. hide ( from), flee from
sight, veil o.s. VII to veil o.s., conceal o.s.;
to be covered up, become hidden be
obscured VIII to vanish, become invisible,
disappear from sight; to veil conceal (
hide; to become hidden, be concealed (
from); to withdraw; to elude perception; to
ease or interrupt publication (newspaper,
periodical)
ajb seclusion; screening off;
keeping away, keeping off
ijb pl. ujub, ajiba
cover, wrap, drape; curtain; womans veil;
screen, partition, folding screen; barrier,
bar; diaphragm (also ; anat.);
amulet
ijba office of gatekeeper
itijb concealment, hiddenness,
seclusion; veiledness, veiling, purdah
jib concealing, screening,
protecting; (pl. ujjb, ajaba)
doorman, gatekeeper; chamberlain;
orderly (Syr., mil.); (pl. awjib2)
eyebrow . al-haw airtight,
hermetic
majb concealed, hidden, veiled
1
ajara u (ajr, ijr, ujr, ijrn,
ujrn) to deny access ( to s.o.); to
stop, detain, hinder ( or s.o.); to
forbid, interdict ( s.th. to s.o.),
prohibit ( s.o.) from doing s.th. ( ;)to
place ( s.o.) under guardianship,
declare ( s.o.) legally incompetent
ajr restriction, curb(ing),
check(ing), obstruction, impeding,
closing, debarment, preclusion; detention;
blocking, confinement, containment,
suppression (as a protective measure);
interdiction, prohibition, ban; revocation,
or limitation, of s.o.s ( )legal
competence ( i) quarantine
( ijr forbidden, interdicted,
prohibited; lap; (pl. ajr,
ujr, ujra) mare
ujra pl. ujart, ujar room;
cell; (railroad) compartment; chamber
waiting room; . an-
naum bedroom; ( fallya)
chamber of agriculture
majar pl. majir2 military
hospital, infirmary; prison, jail, dungeon
( i) quarantine, quarantine
station
majir, mijar, majar pl.
majir2 (= m. al-ain) eye
socket; see also below
tajr interdiction, prohibition,
ban; see also below
majr pl. majir2 (and
) one placed under guardianship;
minor; ward, charge
2
II to petrify, turn into stone ( s.th.); to
make hard as stone ( s.th.) V to turn to
stone, petrify, become petrified
 ajar pl. ajr, ijra, of liberty, unlawful detention duress
ijr stone; weight (placed as an (jur.); ( alq) to confiscate
equipoise on the scale of a balance) s.th.
( ass) the foundation stone, al-ijz Hejaz, region in W
cornerstone, ( wa) Arabia, on the Red Sea coast
laying of the cornerstone; . al-
bal flagstone, paving stone; . ijz of or pertaining to Hejaz;
jahannam lunar caustic, silver nitrate; pl. -n) an inhabitant of Hejaz
. al-jr limestone; or jiz and pl. awjiz2
( summq) porphyry; obstacle, hindrance, impediment,
( aswad) the Black Stone (of the obstruction; partition, screen, dividing
Kaaba); hematite (min.); wall j block, blockade, road block; fence,
. al-atra stumbling block; gate, railing, balustrade; hurdle; bar,
philosophers stone; O . barrier; barricade
al-qamar selenite; and diaphragm (anat.); O
precious stone, gem; ( tab) breakwater; ) )
lithograph; Lithography (qumruqya, gumrukya) customs barriers;
ajar stony, stone (adj.) O lightning rod
( ar) the Stone Age; muwaaf jiz approx.:
the Neolithic period; bailiff
the Paleolithic period 1
mujafa singlestick fencing
ajr stony, petrified 2
ijf =
ajjr stone mason, stone cutter
ajala u i (ajl, ajaln) to hop,
majir pl. majir2 (stone) leap; to skip, gambol
quarry
ajl, ijl pl. ujl, ajl
tajr petrification; stone anklet
quarrying
ajal (coll.; n. un. )pl.
taajjur petrification ajln, ijl partridge; mountain
mutaajjir petrified partridge, mountain quail
mustajir petrified 157 ajala pl. ijl curtained
canopy, or alcove, for the bride
ajaza u i (ajz) to hold back, restrain, rabb al-. the ladies
hinder, prevent ( s.th. from); to keep
away ( s.th. from); to block (off), labat al-ajala hopscotch
close, bar; to isolate, insulate, confine, muajjal wearing anklets
seclude; to make inaccessible; to set apart; (woman); white-footed (horse); bright,
to separate ( two things); to arrest, brilliant, radiant; unique, singular, esp. in
detain; to seize, sequester, impound ( the phrase ( agarr2)
or s.th., e.g., s.o.s property, salary); to
confiscate, safeguard ( s.th.); to reserve ajama u (ajm) to cup ( s.o.; med.) IV to
( s.th.); to make a reservation ( for a. recoil, shrink, flinch ( from); to desist,
theater seat, a steamer cabin, a ticket, etc.) abstain, refrain ( from), forbear (
VIII to retain for o.s., reserve to o.s. ( s.th.); to withdraw, retreat
s.th.) ajm pl. ujm, ajm
ajz curbing, prevention, restraint; bulk, size, volume; caliber (of a cannon)
seclusion, confinement, containment, bulky, sizable, massive
isolation, insulation, separation; arrest, ajjm cupper
detention, seizure, confiscation,
sequestration ( of s.th.); reservation (of ijma cupping, scarification, art
seats) al-urrya deprivation of cupping
 mijam, m mijama pl. s.th.); (
majim2 cupping glass
ijm desistance, abstention;
restraint, aloofness, reserve
ajana i (ajn) to bend, curve, crook (
s.th.) VIII to snatch up, grab ( s.th.) take
hold ( of s.th.)
ajan2 curved, crooked, bent
mijan pl. majin2 staff or
stick with a crooked end, crosier; hook
) )aj bih airan to think well brink, brim, verge; border (of a country),
of s.o., have a good opinion of s.o. III to
propose a riddle ( to s.o.); to speak in
riddles, be enigmatic
ijan pl. aj intellect, measure, extent, or degree (attained);
brains, understanding, discernment,
acumen, sagacity, wit, intelligence 158
ajiy appropriate, suitable, proper (
for)
aj more appropriate, more
suitable, more proper; more correct, better
ujya pl. ajy, ajin
riddle, puzzle, enigma
am = ( look up alphabetically) addin) how far, to what degree or extent;
adda u (add) to sharpen, hone ( a
knife); to delimit, delineate, demarcate,
mark off, stake off ( land, from); to
set bounds ( to s.th.), limit, restrict,
confine ( s.th.); to impede, hinder, curb,
check ( or s.th.); -- i ( idda) to
become furious, angry ( at): -- i u (
idd) to wear mourning, mourn ( the
deceased) II to sharpen, hone ( a knife);
to forge ( s.th.; syr.); to delimit,
demarcate ( s.th.); to set bounds ( to
s.th.), circumscribe, mark off, delineate
sharply; to limit, restrict, confine ( or
s.th.); to determine, appoint, assign,
schedule, lay down, set down, establish (
s.th.); to fix). e.g., prices); to define (
s.th.) ( baarah) to dart sharp
glances; to scrutinize ( s.th.), look
sharply ( at s.th.) III to oppose ( s.o.,
s.th.) act contrary ( to s.o., to s.th.),
contravene, counteract, violate ( s.th.) IV
to sharpen, make sharp ( s.th.)
( naar) to look sharply at, stare at;
( baarah) to dart sharp glances; to
scrutinize ( s.th.), look sharply ( at
baarih) to glance
sharply; -- to put on garments of mourning
V to be delimited, be delineated, be
bounded, be circumscribed; to be
determined, be established, be set down,
be scheduled, be fixed; to by defined, be
definable VIII to be or become angry; to
become infuriated, be furious ( at), be
exasperated ( with); to be agitated, be
upset, be in a state of commotion
add pl. udd (cutting) edge
(of a knife, of a sword); edge, border,
boundary, borderline; limit (fig.), the
utmost, extremity, termination, end,
terminal point, terminus; a (certain)
(math.) member (of an equation), term (of
a fraction, of a proportion); divine
ordinance, divine statute; legal
punishment (Isl. Law) li-addi or
until, till, up to, to the extent of,
li-. l-na up to now, so far;
( addin) to a certain degree, to a
certain extent; to a
considerable extent or degree,
considerably, extensively; ( ayyi
( adda) boundless, infinite,
unbounded, unlimited; bi-l addin,
il gairi addin boundless,
unlimited, without limits; al
addin saw, al addin
siwan in the same manner; equally,
likewise; ( addi) according to,
commensurate with; f addi
dtih and in itself, as such;
( al), ( aq) the
maximum; ( adn) the minimum;
( umr) age limit; d
addain two-edged; ( uddi)
within, within the framework of;
( aq uddihI) to attain its highest
degree; the bounds or restrictions
that God has placed on man's freedom of
action
idda sharpness, keenness; pitch (of
a tone); distinctiveness, markedness;
vehemence, violence, impetuosity; fury,
rage, wrath, ire, anger; excitability,
irascibility, passionateness
ida see
 adad forbidden 159 of limited liability; ) )
idd (act of) mourning ( over) (irka) limited company, corporation
taub al-h. garmente of muaddad sharpened, sharp;
mourning; . al-balt court determined, fixed, appointed, destined (
mourning for) strictly delimited, clearly defined
add iron; pl. adid2 iron mutadd angry, furious,
parts (of a structure); forgings, hardware, exasperated
ironware crode iron, pig iron, ida, pl. ida, id, idn
iron ore; O ( mutwi) wrought kite (zool.)
iron; ( gufl) unprocessed iron, pig
iron; ahr al-. cast adaa pl. id double-bladed
iron; sikkat al-. railroad; axe
see adiba a (adab) to be convex, dome-
2
add pl. idd, aidd , shaped, cambered, bent outward; to be
aidda sharp (knife, eye, tongue, etc.), hunchbacked; to be nice, kind, friendly (
keen (mind) or to s.o.). be solicitous ( or
about s.o.), care ( or for s.o.) take
aadd2 sharper, keener; more
care ( or of s.o.) II to make convex,
vehement, more violent
emboss, camber, vault, curve, crook, bend
adda pl. adid2 piece of ( s.th.) V and XII iaudaba to be
iron; object or tool made of iron crooked, vaulted, cambered, embossed,
. al-art plowshare; ( eg.) convex
in financial straits, pinched for money adab affection, fondness, love;
add iron (adj.) kindliness; solicitude, care; (pl.
(sikka) railroad idb, adb) elevation of the
ground ( wa-aubin) or
al-udaida Hodeida (seaport in
from all sides, from all
W Yemen)
directions, from everywhere;
addd ironsmith, blacksmith everywhere, in every quarter, on all
idda smithcraft, art smithing sides

tadd pl. -t limitation, adib curved, cambered, vaulted,

delimitation; delineation, demarcation; convex; hunchbacked; kindly, friendly
restriction, curb, confinement; adaba hunchback, hump; camber,
determination, fixation, appointment; vaulting, curvature
definition and
adab2, f. adb, pl.
(wajh) to be exact , strictly speaking
udb hunchbacked, humped; -- (elative)
dd sharp (also, fig., of a glance), kindlier, friendlier
keen (mind); high-pitched (tone);
muaddab embossed; cambered,
vehement, fiery, impetuous; fierce; vivid;
convex 160
acute (illness) . al-mizj,
. a-ab hot-blooded, hot-headed, adata u ( udt) to happen, occur,
hot-tempered, irascible; ( zwiya) take place, come to pass; -- (aduta u (
acute angle; subacute adta) to be new, recent; to be
young II to tell, relate, report ( to s.o.,
madd bounded, bordered (
or s.th., about); to speak, talk (
by); circumscribed, confined; limited (=
to s.o., or about, of)
small, e.g., number, knowledge, etc.);
(addatah qalbuh and
delimited, determinate, fixed, definite,
definitive m. al-man addatathu nafsuh his heart, his
innermost feeling told him ( s.th.);
unambiguous; m. a-amn
( nafsah) to talk o.s. into (s.th.), try
to believe s.th. or see s.th. (as factual); to
resolve, make up ones mind to do s.th.; ( nabaw) an ordinary Prophetic
he said to himself, told himself tradition; . an-nafs s.th. one
that III to speak, talk ( or to s.o. talks o.s. into; premonition
about s.th.); to discuss ( or with s.o.
udt setting in (of a state or
s.th.), converse ( or with s.o. condition), occurrence, incidence (of a
about); to negotiate, confer ( with s.o.) to phenomenon); occurrence, incident,
address, accost ( s.o.); to call up ( s.o., by happening
telephone) IV to bring forth, produce,
create, originate ( s.th.); to found, adta newness, recency, novelty;
establish ( s.th.); to bring about, cause, youth, youthfulness
occasion, provoke, effect ( s.th.); to drop adt2 newer, more recent
excrement ( adatan) to bring
about s.th.; to cause or do s.th., esp., s.th. idtn (or adatn) ad-dahr
evil, do mischief V to speak, talk ( to misfortune, adversities, reverses
s.o., or j about or of s.th.), converse, udta pl. adt2 speech;
chat ( or with s.o., to, or j about discussion, talk, conversation; chatter;
s.th.) VI to talk with one another, fabling, fibbing; topic, subject of a
converse, have a conversation X to renew conversation; gossip, rumor (about a
( s.th.) to buy new ( s.th.); to introduce, person) usn al-u. praise (of
start, invent, originate, create ( s.th.); to s.o.) s al-u. slander,
find or deem ( s.o.) to be young defamation
adat pl. adt a new, mudata pl. -t discourse,
unprecedented thing, a novelty, conversation, discussion, talk, parley
innovation; event, incident, occurrence,
happening; phenomenon; evil symptom; idt production, creatuion,
misdeed; misfortune; ritual impurity (Isl. invention, origination; causation,
Law); excrement, feces; (pl. effectuation 161
udtn) young man, youth; juveniles idtyt (pl.) co-ordinates
adt pl. idt, udat2 (math.) ( amdya)
new, novel, recent, late; modern; ordinates; ( ufuqya) abscissas
adtan recently, lately . al- (math.)
bin new-built, recently built; istidt invention, creation,
. as-sinn young; . al-ahd of production, origination
recent date, recent, new, young;
dt occurring, happening, taking
( . ahdin) having adopted
place; new, recent; fresh; -- (pl.
or acquired (s.th.) recently; not long
awdit2, also -t) occurrence, incident,
accustomed to (s.th.), inexperienced at
event, happening; episode; case (jur.)
(s.th.), new at (s.th.), newly, e.g.,
accident, mishap a case of
( bi-l-wilda) newborn,
forgery; makn al-. site of
( bi-z-zawj) newly wed;
action, scene of the crime, locus delicti
he had not known Europe until
recently dita pl. awdit2
occurrence, event, happening; plot (of a
adt pl. adt2,
play) ; incident, episode; accident, mishap
adtn speech; chat, chitchat, small talk;
. al-murr traffic accident
conversation, talk, discussion; interview;
prattle, gossip; report, account, tale, muaddit pl. -n speaker, talker;
narrative; Prophetic tradition, Hadith, spokesman; conversation partner,
narrative relating deeds and utterances of interlocutor; relator, narrator; a transmitter
the Prophet and his Companions of Prophetic traditions, traditionary,
. urfa fabulous story, silly talk; representative of the science or study of
( quds) Muslim tradition in Hadith (see above); O phonograph,
which God Himself speaks, as opposed to gramophone
 mutaaddit spokesman, speaker decline; run-down, seedy, down-at-the-
mustadat new, novel, recent, -- heels, down-and-out
(pl. t) novelty, innovation; recent munadar pl. -t depression; slope,
invention, modern product; neologism talus, incline, descent, declivity; fall (of a
adaja i and II to stare, look sharply ( river)
at s.o., at s.th., often with bi- adata i u (adt) to surmise, guess,
baarih or bi-naarih) conjecture ( s.th.)
idj pl. udj, adj adt surmise, guess, conjecture; O
load, burden, encumbrance intuition 162
ab adj stork addf ( (( syr.)
2
idja pl. adij camel shuttle (weaving)
saddle ra addfa (syr.)
adara, adura u (adr, adra) to flywheel
be thick; -- adara u i (adr, udr) 1
adaqa i (adq) to surround, encircle,
to bring down, lower ( s.th.) to cause ( encompass ( s.o., s.th.); (with
s.th.) to descend; to drop ( s.th.); to shed bi-ainih) to look, glance ( at s.o.) II to
( tears); ( adran) to rattle off, look, glance, gaze, stare ( or at, also
express quickly (an utterance, a thought); (( naara) to fix ones
-- (adr) to come down, step down, glance on IV to surround, encircle,
descend; to glide down, swoop II to drop ( encompass, enclose ( s.o., s.th.); to look,
s.th.) to lower, inclines, dip ( s.th.) V glance ( or at)
to descend gradually; to glide down; to (naara) to fix ones glance on
come down, descend; to flow down
adaqa pl. -t, adaq,
(tears); to derive, stem, originate ( from)
idq, adq pupil (of the eye); pl.
VII to come or go down, descend; to glide
glances
down, sink down; to be in decline, be on
the downgrade, to decline, wane; to flow adqa pl. adiq2 garden
down (tears); to slope down, slant down, . al-ayawnt zoological
be inclined (terrain); to come ( to a garden, zoo
place), arrive ( at) idq encirclement,
adr rapid recitation of the Koran encompassment ( of)
(a terminus technicus of tajwd) aar mudiq imminent
adr slope, downgrade, danger
declivity, declivitous terrain 2
II (= )to make acid, sour, tart, or
taaddur descent, slant, slope, sharp ( s.th.)
inclination, incline, declivity diq (= )sour, tart, acid,
inidr slant, dip, pitch, sharp (taste)
inclination, decent, slope; declivity; fall adala i to flatten, level, even, roll (
(of a river); decline, waning; ruin, decay, s.th.); (adl, udl) to treat unjustly (
decadence s.o.)
dir thick midala pl. madil2 roller,
mutaaddir descending, slanting, steamroller
sloping downward VIII to burn, glow, blaze; to burn up, be
munadir descending; lowered, consumed by fire; to flare up, break out
dipped; slanting, sloping, declivitous (fight); to be furious, burn with wrath (
(terrain); declining, waning, being on the at, over), also ( gaian)
downgrade, in a state of decadence or itidm paroxysm
 mutadim furious, infuriated,
enraged
ida see
1
idwa horseshoe
2
( and ( ad u (adw, ud, guard ( against)
id to urge forward by singing (
camels); to urge, spur on, egg on, prompt,
instigate, induce, move ( or s.o., to
s.th., to do s.th.); to instigate s.th.; to
sway, rock, roll (rider, camel); to swing
along, rock along (in riding)
their conversation led them to ;
( garaun tud) a goal mudara caution, precaution,
much sought after or worth striving for V
to compete, vie ( with s.o.); to challenge,
provoke ( s.o., s.th.); to defy, oppose,
resist, withstand ( s.o., s.th.), stand up
( against s.o., against s.th.) to incite,
stimulate, arouse, animate, sharpen (
s.th.; dakah s.o.s intellect); to
intend ( s.th., to do s.th.), be bent ( on
doing s.th.)
ud animating singsong,
chanting of the caravan leader
add camel driver, cameleer
uduwa, udya song of the subtract ( s.th.); to throw ( at s.o.
camel drivers
taaddin pl. taaddiyt
challenge, provocation
din pl. udh caravan leader
(who urges the camels forward by
singing); camel driver, cameleer; leader
mutaaddin challenger, provoker
1
adiya a to remain, stay ( at a place),
stick ( to a place)
2
see adfr2:
3
idya, iddya = ida
adira a (idr, adar) to be cautious,
wary, to beware ( or of s.o., of
s.th.), be on ones guard ( or
against) II to warn, caution ( s.o. of or
about), put ( s.o.) on his guard (
against) III to watch out, be 163 careful;
to be on ones guard ( against), be wary (
of s.o.) V to beware, be wary ( of) VIII
=I
idr and adar caution,
watchfulness, alertness, wariness,
circumspection; precaution
(adarah) to be on ones guard;
al adarin cautiously, warily; on ones
adir cautious, wary
adr beware ( of doing ,
of s.th.)! watch out ( for)! be careful (
of)!
tadr warning, cautioning ( of,
against)
precautionary measure
madr that of which one should
beware, against which one should guard;
object of caution; -- (pl. -t) danger, peril;
trouble, difficulty, misfortune
adafa i (adf) to shorten, clip, curtail (
or s.th.); to take s.th. away, cut s.th. off,
clip s.th. off ( from s.th.), reduce (
s.th.), strike or cross s.th. ( off s.th.); to
cancel, strike out, delete, drop, leave out,
omit, suppress ( s.th.); (gram.) to elide,
apocopate, drop by aphaeresis; to deduct,
s.th.), pelt ( s.o. with s.th.); to cast
away, throw away, discard ( s.th.) II to
clip, trim ( s.th.); to give ( s.th.) shape,
to trim, clip, or cut ( s.th.) into proper
shape
adf shortening, curtailing, cutting
off, trimming, etc.; canceling,
cancellation, striking off, crossing off,
deletion; omission, dropping, suppression;
(gram.) elision, ellipsis, apocopation
he took all of it, he
took it lock, stock and barrel
adiqa a, adaqa i (idq, adqa) to
be skilled, skillful, well-versed, proficient
( or in s.th.), master ( s.th.); --
adaqa u ( udq) to turn sour (milk)
V to feign skillfulness, proficiency,
cleverness or smartness
idq and adqa skill,
dexterity, proficiency; smartness,
cleverness, intelligence; perspicacity,
sagacity, acumen
 diq pl. uddq skillful, Liberals); frank, candid, open ( toward
skilled, proficient; well-versed, clever, s.o.); free, available, uninvested (money)
smart; intelligent; sour ( ihtiya) free reserves,
II taadlaqa to pretend to be clever or unencumbered reserves; min
skilful, feign skiIl or knowledge; to be urr mlih with his own cash, with funds
at his disposal
pedantic
arra pl. -t stony area; volcanic
adlaqa skillfulness, dexterity
country, lava field
) )ad u: ( adwah) to imitate
urrya pl. -t freedom, liberty;
s.o., take after s.o., follow s.o.s example
independence, unrestraint, license (e.g.,
III to be opposite s.th. ( )face, parallel (
poetic) . al-ibda freedom
s.th.), run parallel ( to) VI to be opposite
of worship; . al-fikr freedom of
each other, be parallel VIII to imitate,
thought; . al-kalm freedom of
copy ( or s.o. s.th., also s.th.), take
speech; ( or ). an-nar
or follow ( or s.o., s.th., also s.th.)
(a-iafa) liberty of the press
as an example or model; to be shod; to
wear ( s.th.) as footgear arr silk; pl. arir2 ()
silken wares, silks ( ar)
adwa (prep.) opposite, face to face
with adwaka n-nala bi- asbestos; rayon
n-nali in a completely identical manner, arr silken, silky, of silk
to a T, like two peas in a pod arir silken, silk- (in
id pl. adiya shoe; sandal compounds), of silk; silk weaver
shoemaker arrr ssailk weaver
ida (prep.) and bi-idi arra heat; warmth; fever heat,
opposite, face to face with fever; temperature; ardor, fervor (of
add shoemaker, cobbler emotion), passion; eagerness, enthusiasm,
zeal; vehemence, violence, intensity;
)( al (f) mudti along,
burning (of the skin)
alongside of, parallel to
uraira pl. -t calorie
itid imitation, copying
arr thermal, thermic, thermo-,
mudin opposite, facing
heat (used attributively); caloric
arra u i (arr, arra) to be hot II to ( wada) calorie
liberate ( s.o.); to free, set free, 164
release ( s.o.); to emancipate ( s.o.); to O arrya pl. -t calorie
consecrate ( s.o.) to the service of God; to arr f., pl. arir2 hot-
clarify, clear up, make clear ( s.th.); to wind
formulate precisely, phrase accurately,
arrn2, f. arr, pl.
define exactly, pinpoint ( s.th.); to revise
irr, arr thirsty; passionate,
( a book); to edit, redact ( a book, a
fervent, hot (fig.) ( zafra) a
periodical); to write, pen, indite, compose,
fervent sigh; hot tears
compile ( s.th.) V to become free; to be
freed, be liberated ( from); to be aarr2 hotter, warmer
emancipated VIII to be kindled, be heated, ( jamr) on pins and needles, on
flare up tenterhooks, in greatest suspense or
excitement
arr heat, warmth
O miarr heating system, heating
urr pl. m. arr, pl. f.
installation
arir2 noble, free-bom; genuine (jewels,
etc.), pure, unadulterated; free; living in tarr liberation; release;
freedom; freeman; independent; free emancipation; record(ing), writing;
unrestrained; liberal (pol.; the editing, redaction; editorship (of a
 newspaper, a periodical); (pl. -t, muraba struggle, combat,
tarr2) piece of writing, record, brief, fight, battle; warfare
document editor-in-chief; itirb mutual struggle
board of editors, editorial staff
murib warring, belligerent;
tarr liberational; warrior, combatant, fighter; corporal (Eg.
emancipational; liberal; recorded in 1939)
writing, written, in writing
al-mutaribn the belligerents, the
r hot; warm; ardent, glowing, warring parties
fervent, passionate
arba pl. ( arbi2 (tun.)
marr hot-tempered, hot- pastille, pill
headed, fiery, passionate, furious
arata i u (art) to plow ( the soil); to
muarrir pl. -n liberator, cultivate, till ( the ground)
emancipator; writer, clerk; editor (of a
newspaper, of a periodical) art plowing, tilling, tillage,
cultivation of the soil; arable land, tilth;
muarrar consecrated to God; let plantation, culture
down in writing, recorded in writing,
written; booked; pl. booking, arta (n. un.) arable land, tilth
entries irta cultivation of the soil,
mutaarrir emancipated; an farming, agriculture
advocate of emancipation 165 arrt plowman
ariba a (arab) to be furious, enraged, mirt pl. marit2 plow
angry III to fight, combat ( s.o.) battle,
wage war ( against s.o.) VI to fight (one rit pl. urrt plowman
another), be engaged in war VIII = VI ab l-rit lion
( arb f., pl. urb war, warfare; arija a (araj) to be close, tight narrow;
fight, combat, battle; enemy, enemies ( to be straitened, be confined, get into a
or of s.o.) ( ahlya) civil war; strait, be cornered, be hard pressed; to be
( ifya) press feud; oppressed, be anguished (heart); to be
( albya) the Crusades; forbidden ( to s.o.) to narrow, tighten,
( um), ( lamya), straiten ( s.th.); to complicate ( s.th.),
( mma) World War I; make ( s.th.) difficult; to forbid (
kaafat il-arbu an sqih s.th. to s.o.); to persist (J in s.th.) IV to
and qmat il-. al narrow, straiten, confine, cramp. hamper,
sqin war flared up, fierce fighting broke impede, restrict ( s.th.); to complicate,
out make difficult, aggravate, jeopardize (
situation, s.o.s position); to embarrass (
arb warlike, bellicose, s.o.); to coerce, constrain, press ( s.o.
belligerent, martial, war (adj.), military; to); to forbid ( s.th. to s.o.) V to
(pl. -n) warrior, soldier, military man refrain from sin or evildoing; to abstain,
( bls) military police refrain ( from), avoid ( s.th.); to be
arba pl. irb lance, spear; cornered, be forced to the wall; to become
spearhead; bayonet, sidearm or be oppressed, anguished, distressed; to
become critical, become complicated or
irb pl. arby difficult, be aggravated (situation), be
chameleon (zool.) jeopardized (s.o.s position)
w arabh! (exclamation of ( ) )adruh) to feel depressed by, feel
lament) alas! goodness no! oh my! annoyed at; this made things
difficult for people
mirb pl. marib2 a
recess in a mosque indicating the direction ( araj closeness, tightness,
of prayer, prayer niche, mihrab narrowness; confinement, straitness.
 constriction, crampedness; restriction, be on ones guard ( against) VIII to be
impediment; oppression, distress, anguish; wary ( of), guard, be on ones guard (
difficulty; critical situation; prohibition, against), be careful, take heed, take
interdiction; s.th. forbidden, s.th. precautions
interdicted, sin ( araja) there is pl. arz fortified place;
no 166 objection; nothing refuge, sanctuary, retreat; custody; (pl.
stands in your way, you are at liberty )amulet
araj (coll.; n. un. )pl. -t, arz strongly fortified, guarded;
irj, arj thicket; dense forest; inaccessible, impregnable
woodland, timberland
irz acquisition, acquirement,
arij narrow, close, tight, obtainment, attainment, achievement,
confined, straitened; oppressed, hard winning, gaining
pressed, harassed; critical (situation,
position) itirz pl. -t caution, wariness,
prudence, circumspection; reservation,
arj2 narrower, closer, tighter, reserve with all reservation
more straitened; more critical
O riza fuse (el.)
arg (eg.) auction
muriz obtainer, acquirer, winner,
arja seriousness, gravity, gainer; possessor, holder ( of s.th.)
difficulty, complicatedness (of a situation)
arasa u (ars, irsa) to guard,
tarj forestation, afforestation watch, control ( s.th., s.o.); to oversee,
taarruj restraint, reserve, supervise, superintend ( s.th., s.o.); to
aloofness; timidity, diffidence, faint- secure, protect, safeguard, preserve, keep (
heartedness; critical complication, gravity, s.th., s.o.); to watch ( over) V and
difficulty (of a situation) VIII to beware, be wary ( of), guard, be
on ones guard ( against)
muarrijt: m. al-
aimn binding, committing, or solemn, aras watch; guard, escort;
oaths bodyguard ( sayyr) militia,
"garde mobile" (syr.) . a-
murij disconcerting,
araf honor guard; ( malak)
embarrassing
the royal guard (formerly Ir., Eg.);
mutaarrij: m. a- ( mulk) (formerly) bodyguard of
adr annoyed, vexed, anguished, the Bey (Tun.); ( waan) the
oppressed National Guard
arida a (arad) to be annoyed, irsa guarding, watching,
disgruntled, angry, furious ( at, with) control; watch, guard, guard duty;
rid, arid and ardn supervision, superintendence;
annoyed, disgruntled, angry, furious guardianship, tutelage, custody, care,
protection; safe conduct, escort;
ardaun pl. ardn2 lizard administration; administration of an estate
araza u (arz) to keep, guard, protect, (jur.); sequester coast guard
preserve ( s.th.), take care ( of); -- 167
aruza u ( arza) to be strong be itirs caution, wariness,
strongly fortified, be impregnable IV to prudence; (pl. -t) precaution,
keep, preserve, guard ( s.th.); to obtain, precautionary measure for
attain, achieve, win ( s.th.) protection from or against
( ))naran) to win a victory;
( qaaba s-sabq) to come ris pl. arasa,
through with flying colors, carry the day, urrs vigilant, watchful; watchman;
score a great success V to be wary ( of), sentry, sentinel, guard; overseer,
supervisor, superintendent; administrator;
 guardian, custodian, keeper, protector, II to goad, prod, spur on, egg on, incite,
tutelary (in compounds) . rouse, provoke ( s.o. to s.th. or to do
at-tirka administrator of aD estate; s.th.); to instigate, abet, stir up, agitate (
keeper of the seal; . al- s.o. to or against); O to induce (el.)
marm goal keeper; ( qa) tar incitement, provocation;
sequestrator, receiver (in bankruptcy, in instigation, abetment, agitation ( to);
equity); ( malak) guardian inflammatory propaganda ( against
angel (Chr.); . al-lail night s.o.); O induction (el.) self-
watchman induction (el.)
mars guarded, safeguarded, tar inciting, instigative,
secured; protected (by God; esp. used ss agitative, inflammatory; provocative
an epithet after the names of cities);
the children, the family ri bad, wicked, evil
mutaris cautious, wary, careful muarri pl. -n inciter, baiter;
instigator, abettor; demagogue, rabble
araa i (ar) to scratch ( s.o., s.th.) rouser; agitator, provocator; O inductor
II to instigate, prod, incite, provoke, (el.)
incense ( s.o.); to set ( people against
each other), sow discord, dissension ( mutaarri O induced (el.)
among) V to pick a quarrel, start a brawl ( II to slant, incline, make oblique (
with s.o.) provoke ( s.o.) s.th.); to bend off, up, down or back, turn
ir, ur pl. ar, up, down or back, deflect (s.th.); to
ur forest, wood(s) distort, corrupt, twist, pervert,
misconstrue, falsify ( s.th.)
ari and ara, rough, ( an mauiih) to distort the sense
coarse, scabrous
of 168 s.th., rob s.th. of its true meaning V
ara, ura, ara to turn off, branch off, take a turning; to
roughness, coarseness, scabrousness deviate, depart, digress ( from); to
avoid ( s.th.); to be or become bent off,
tar instigation, prodding,
distorted, corrupted, perverted VII to tum
incitement, provocation, agitation,
off, branch off, ta.ke a turning; to deviate,
incensement
depart, digress, turn away ( from); to
taarru provocation, slope down, slant, be inclined (terrain); to
importunity, obtrusion, meddling, turn ( to, toward); to be twisted, be
uncalled-for interference distorted; to be oblique, slanting; to be
araf pl. arif2 scales (of fish) cocked, rakish (headgear); with to make
s.th. appear oblique, slanted, or distorted;
araa i and aria a (ir) to desire, to be corrupted, perverted to
want, covet ( s.th.); to be intent, be dissuade s.o. from; ( mizjuh)
bent ( on); to strive ( for), aspire ( to be indisposed, be ill VIII to do ( s.th.)
to) professionally, practice ( s.th.) as a
ir greed, avidity, cupidity, profession; to strive for success
covetousness; desire; aspiration, endeavor, arf pl. iraf (cutting) edge
wish ( for); avarice in the (of a knife, of a sword); sharp edge;
desire for , in the endeavor to ; border, edge, rim, brink, verge; -- (pl.
danger! (on warning signs) urf, aruf) letter; consonant;
ar pl. ir, particle (gram.); type (typ.)
ura2 covetous, greedy, avid, eager ( irresolute, wavering, on the fence;
for); bent ( on), desirous ( of) alfuh bi-urfih his words
literally; or literally,
ara more covetous, greedier verbatim, to the letter; arfan
bi-arfin literally, word for word;
( waqqaa, l) to initial araqa i (arq) to burn ( s.th.); to burn,
(e.g., muhadatan a treaty); hurt, sting, smart ( qalbah), pl.
( abjadya) the alphabetic letters, ( qulbahum) to vex, exasperate
the alphabet; matter (typ.); s.o.; -- u (arq) to rub together ( s.th.) II
( amsya) the sun letters to burn ( s.th.); ( asnnah) to
(i.e., sibilants, dentals, r, l, n to which the gnash ones teeth V to burn ( s.th.); to
l of the article assimilates), destroy by fire ( s.th.); to singe, scorch,
(qamarya) the moon letters (to which the parch ( s.th.); to scald ( s.th.); to kindle,
l of the article does not assimilate); ignite, set on fire ( s.th.)
al-jarr preposition (gram.) (famata lailih) to spend the night
al-af do.; article doing 169 (s.th.), burn the midnight oil
(gram.); al-af coordinating over V to burn, be aflame, burn up, take
conjunction (gram.); fire, he consumed hy fire, he burned; to be
interrogative particle (gram.); . consumed (by an emotion), pine away (
al-qasam particle introducing oaths with), he pained ( by), eat ones heart
(gram.) out ( auqan) to be overcome
with longing or nostalgia VIII to burn, be
arf literal
aflame, burn up, take fire, be consumed by
urf common garden pepper cress fire, he burned
(Lepidium sativum L.; bot.)
arq burning, incineration,
irfa pl. iraf profession, combustion; kindling, igniting, setting
occupation, vocation, business, craft, trade afire; arson, incendiarism; pl. urq
arf pl. uraf2 customer, burn (med.)
patron, client (tun.) araq fire, conflagration
irrf pungent, acrid (taste); urqa, arqa burning, incineration,
spicy food, delicacies combustion; stinging, smarting, burning
arfa pungency, acridity (taste) (as a physical sensation); torture, torment,
agony, pain, ordeal
tarf pl. -t alteration, change;
distortion; perversion, corruption, esp. urq, urraq tinder
phonetic corruption of a word arrq hurning, aflame, afire; hot
inirf pl. -t deviation, arq and pl. ariq2
digression; obliqueness, obliquity, fire; conflagration
inclination, slant; declination (astrom.);
O arrqa torpedo
ailment, indisposition, also
araqn burning, stinging,
itirf professional pursuit (of a
trade, etc.) smarting (as a painful sensation; e.g., of
the feet)
muarraf corrupted (word)
O maraq pl. mariq2
munarif oblique; slanted, focus (phys.)
slanting, sloping, inclined; distorted,
tarq2 (Eg.) season of the Niles
perverted, corrupted, twisted; deviating,
lowest water level, hottest season of the
divergent; trapezium (geom.)
year
mutarif one gainfully employed
( in), person doing s.th. () burning, incineration, combustion
professionally; professional, a pro taarruq buming, combustion;
(sports); professional (adj.), e.g., burning desire
( if) professional journalist;
itirq burning, combustion; fire,
climber, careerist
conflagration O gurfat al-i.
mutaraf pl. -t studio, atelier combustion chamber (techn.);
qbil al-i. combustible
 riq arsonist, incendiary
marq burned, charred,
scorched, parched; reddish, hronze-
colored; pl. marqt fuel
(far) fired clay
muriq: ( qunbula) indolent
incendiary bomb
O muraq crematory
maraqa burnt sacrifice
arqada pl. arqid2 Adams apple projectile)
arqafa pl. arqif2 protruding
part of the hipbone
II to move, set in motion, drive, propel,
operate ( s.th.); to march, move (
troops); to stir ( s.th.); to start, get
started, get underway ( s.th.); to agitate,
excite, stimulate ( s.th.); to incite,
instigate, goad, prod, provoke, actuate,
urge ( s.o. to do s.th.); to awaken,
arouse, foment, stir up ( s.th.); to vowel,
vowelize (gram., a consonant)
( mairah) to grip, excite, thrill
s.o.; to affect the feelings, be
touching, moving, pathetic;
(skinan) he doesnt budge, he doesnt
hend his little finger, he remains
immobile, apathetic; ( skinah)
to rouse s.o., put s.o. in a state of
excitement, commotion or agitation V to
move, be in motion, stir, hudge; to start
moving, get moving; to start out, get
underway (traveler); to depart, leave
(train); to put out, to sail (fleet); to he set
in motion, be driven, be operated; to be
agitated, be excited, be stimulated; to be
awakened, be roused, be fomented, be
provoked, be caused
arik lively, active, brisk, agile,
nimble
araka pl. -t movement, motion;
commotion; physical exercise; stirring,
impulse; proceeding, procedure, policy;
action, undertaking, enterprise; military
170 operation; continuation, progress;
traffic (rail, ohipplng, otreet); movement
(as a social phenomenon); vowel (gram.)
( sakantih) in all his to deny o.s. s.th., abstain,
doings; in every situation;
(through) traffic; shipplng s.o.; Chr.); to enter into the state of ritual
traffic; exchange of goods;
turnover (com.);
(niswya) feminist movement;
nimble, lithe, light, quick, agile, adroit;
slow in motion, heavy-handed,
clumsy, sluggish, lumbering, inert,
O arak kinetic (phys.)
ark movement, motion
marak path, trajectory (of a
mirk poker, fire iron
tark dynamic
taarruk pl. -t movement,
motion; forward motion; start; departure;
sailing (of a fleet)
rik withers
muarrik mover, stirrer; rouser,
inciter, fomenter, awakener, agent;
instigator; -- (pl. -M) motive, springs,
incentive, spur, motivating circumstance,
causative factor; motor, engine (tech.)
mutaarrik moving, movable,
mobile; pronounced with following
vowel, voweled, vowelized (consonant;
gram.) ( uwar) movies,
motion pictures
arkata (and arkaa) to stir up,
agitate, excite, thrill
aruma u, arima a to be forbidden,
prohibited, interdicted, unlawful,
unpermitted ( to s.o.); -- arama i
(irm, irmn) to deprive, bereave,
dispossess, divest ( or s.o. of s.th.)
take away, withdraw, withhold ( or
or form s.o. s.th.), deny, refuse ( or
or to s.o. s.th.); to exclude,
debar, preclude, cut off ( or s.o.
from s.th.); to excommunicate ( s.o.) II to
declare ( s.th.) sacred, sacrosanct,
inviolable, or taboo, to taboo ( s.th.); to
declare ( s.th.) unlawful, not permissible,
forbid, interdict, proscribe ( s.th., j. to
s.o.); to render ( s.o.) immune or proof (
against), immunize ( s.o. against)
refrain from s.th. IV to excommunicate (
consecration (esp., of a Mecca pilgrim;
see irm) V to be forbidden,
interdicted, prohibited; to be holy, sacred,
sacrosanct, inviolable VIII to honor,
revere, venerate, esteem, respect ( s.o.,
s.th.) to be self-respecting X to
deem ( s.th.) sacrosanct, sacred, holy,
inviolable; to deem ( s.th.) unlawful or
unpermissible
irm excommunication (Chr.)
aram p1. arm forbidden,
prohibited, interdicted; taboo; holy,
sacred, sacrosanct; s.th. sacred, sacred
object; sacred possession; wife; sanctum,
sanctuary, sacred precinct; the two
Holy Places, Mecca and Medina
tlit al-aramain the third Holy
Place, i.e., Jerusalem
urma pl. -t, urumt, uramt
holiness, sacredness, sanctity,
sacrosanctity, inviolability; reverence,
veneration, esteem, deference, respect;
that which is holy, sacred, sacrosanct,
inviolable, or taboo; -- (pl. uram)
woman, lady; wife
arm pl. urum forbidden,
interdicted, prohibited, unlawful; s.th.
forbidden, offense, sin; inviolable, taboo;
sacred, sacrosanct; cursed, accursed
ibn . illegitimate son, bastard; 171
no mans land; neutral debarred ( from); suffering privation (as
territory; ( bait) the Kaaba; opposed to ;)excommunicated
( ahr) the Holy Month Muharram;
( masjid) the Holy Mosque in
Mecca; you mustnt do (say)
that! illicitly, illegally, unlawfully
irm pl. -t, arima a name of this month
woolen blanket (worn as a garment around
head and body)
arm pl. urum a sacred,
inviolable place, sanctum, sanctuary,
sacred, precinct; harem; female members
of the family, women; wife
arm womens (in compounds),
for women
urm pl. -t excommunication
(Chr.)
arm pl. -ya thief, robber,
bandit
irmn deprivation,
bereavement, dispossession (of s.o., of
s.th.) debarment, exclusion, preclusion (
from); excommunication (CHr.);
privation . al-irt exclusion
from inheritance, disinheritance (Isl. Law)
maram pl. marim2 s.th.
forbidden. inviolable, taboo, sacrosanct,
holy, or sacred; unmarriageable, being in a
degree of consanguinity precluding
marriage (Isl. Law)
marama pl. marim2
handkerchief
tarm forbiddance, interdiction,
prohibition, ban
irm state of ritual consecration
of the Mecca pilgrim (during which the
pilgrim, wearing two seamless woolen or
linen sheets, usually white, neither combs
nor shaves, and observes sexual
continence); garments of the Mecca
pilgrim
itirm pl. -t deference, respect,
regard, esteem, reverence; honoring (e.g.,
of a privilege); pl. honors, respects,
tributes
marm deprived, bereaved,
bereft ( of); excluded, precluded,
(Chr.)
muarram forbidden, interdicted;
Muharram, name of the first Islamic
month; m. al-arm honorific
murim Mecca pilgrim who has
entered the state of ritual consecration (see
irm)
mutaram honored, revered,
venerated, esteemed, respected; (in the
salutation of letters:) my dear ;
venerable, reverend; notable, remarkable,
considerable
armal African rue (Peganum harmala
L.; bot.)
armala pl. armil2 loose
wrap worn over the shoulders (garment of
the dervishes)
 arana, aruna u ( iran, uran) to
be obstinate, stubborn, headstrong
arn pl. urun obstinate,
stubborn, refractory, reluctant, resistant
rn brazior
arwa burning; wrath, rage; acridity,
pungency (of taste); pungent, disagreeable
odor
V to seek, pursue ( s.th.), strive ( for),
asplre ( to); to examine, investigate (
s.th.); to inquire ( or into), make
inquiries ( or about); to be intent (
on s.th.), take cars ( of s.th.), attend ( to
s.th., also ), look ( after s.th., also ;)
to see to it ( that) 172
bi-l-ar hardly, barely
ary pl. ariy adequate,
appropriate, suitable ( for), worthy ( of
s.th.) ( dikr) worth
mentioning, considerable; azara i u (azr, mazara) to
credible, believable; or to be
exact, or rather
ar more adequate, more proper,
more appropriate or to tell the
truth, or more explicitly, or put more
exactly, or rather
taarrin pl. taarriyt
inquiry; investigation urat appraisal; conjecture, guess, surmise
at-t. or malaat al-t. secret
police
azza u (azz) to notch, nick, incise, indent
( s.th.), make an incision, cut ( into
s.th.) II and VIII = I
azz pl. uzz incision, notch,
nick; the right time, the nick of time
azza incision, notch, nick; tim; the
right time, the nick of time; predicament,
plight
azz head scurf, ringworm; tetter,
eruption (med.)
azza rancor, hatred, hate
maazz notch, nick to wrapping; determination, resoluteness,
find the right solution, hit the nail on the
head, hit the mark, strike home
azaba u (azb) to befall ( s.o.), happen,
occur ( to s.o.) the matter
became serious II to rally ( s.o.); to form
or found a party 111 to side, take sides (
with), be an adherent ( of s.o.) V to take
sides; to form a party, make common
cause, join forces
izb pl. azb group, troop,
band, gang; party (pol.); the 60th part of
the Koran he belongs to his
clique. he is of the ...me breed
izb party (adj.), factional
izbya party activities;
partisanship, partiality; factionalism
aizabn old hag
taazzub factiousness;
factionalism
zib: azabah zib
he met with a mishap
mutaazzib partial, biased;
partisan
estimate, assess, appraise ( s.th.); to
make a rough estimate ( of s.th.), guess (
s.th.)
azr estimation, assessment,
appraisal; conjecture, guess, surmise
azra riddle, puzzle
mazara estimation, assessment,
azrn June (Syr., Leb., Ir., Jord.)
uzuqqn choleric
azqa, zqa hiccups
azama i (azm) to tie up, bundle, wrap
up, pack, do up in a package or bundle (
s.th.); to girth ( an animal); to make fast,
fasten, tie ( s.th.) ( amrah) to
take matters firmly in hand; -- azuma u
(azm, azma, uzma) to be
resolute, firm, stouthearted, intrepid II to
gird ( s.o.) V and VIII to be girded; to
gird o.s. put on a belt
azm packing, packaging,
firmness, energy; judiciousness,
discretion, prudence
uzma pl. uzam s.th.
wrapped up or tied up, bundle, fagot,
fascine; beam of rays, radiation beam
 (phys.); bunch (of herb., etc.); sheaf;
package, parcel
zm pl. -t, azima,
uzum belt, girth; girdle; cummerbund,
173 waistband (worn over the caftan to
fasten it); sword belt . al-amn
wety belt
azam2 more resolute: more
judicious
zim pl. azama and deeply touched ( by s.th.)
azm pl. uzam resolute,
energetic; judicious, discreet, prudent
azana u to make sad, sadden, grieve (
s.o.); -- azina a (uzn, azan) to be sad,
grieved ( or at or because of): to
grieve. mourn ( over) II and IV to
make sad, sadden, grieve ( s.o.)
uzn pl. azn sadness, grief, (madhab) sensationalism, sensualism
sorrow, affliction
azn pl. uzn rough, rugged,
hard ground
azin sad, mournful, grieved
azn pl. uzan2,
azn sad; mourning (for a deceased
person); sorrowing, mournful, grieved
( juma) Good Friday (Chr.) allergic diseases, allergies (med.)
aznn2 very sad, very grieved,
worried; in mourning
azyin ( azin) sad,
mournful, melancholic; mourning (in
compounds), mortuary, funereal
( qum) cloth for mourning
garments
taazzun sadness; behavior of a
mourner
mazn grieved, grief-stricken,
pained, sad, saddened
muzin grievous, saddening; sad;
melancholic; tragic: muzint insensitivity, dullness, obtuseness
grievous things ( qia
tamtlya) and ( riwya) tragedy
(theat.)
assa (1st pers. perf. asastu) u (ass) to
curry, currycomb ( an animal); to feel,
sense ( s.th.); -- assa (1st pers. perf.
asistu) a to feel srry, feel sympathy or
compassion ( for), sympathize ( with),
II to grope, feel IV to perceive, sense,
experience ( or s.th.); to feel ( or
s.th.); to notice ( or s.th.); to hear ( a
sound, a noise, etc.); to take notice ( of
s.o.) V to grope, probe ( for s.th.), finger,
handle, touch ( s.th.), run the hand (
over s.th.); to grope about, feel around: to
seek information, make inquiries (
about); to sense, experience, perceive (
s.th.); to feel ( s.th.); to be affected, be
ass sensation, perception, feeling,
sentiment
iss sensory perception, sensation;
feeling, sentiment; sense; voice; sound;
noise
iss sensory; sensuous;
perceptible; palpable O
issyt sensations
ass faint noise
asss sensitive; sensible; readily
affected, susceptible; sensual (pleasure)
asssa sensory organ
asss allergic
asssya sensitivity (also
techn.); sensibility; faculty of sensory
perception; susceptibility; sensuality
mara al-. allergy (med.)
miassa currycomb
iss pl. -t, ass2 feel,
feeling: sensation, sense ( of s.th.)
perception ( of s.th.); sensitivity; pl.
feelings, sentiments O
sensitivity to light; O
highly sensitive;
(mutarak) feeling of harmony, concord,
unanimity; qillat al-i.
O a-ifa al-issya
the impressionists
ssa pl. awss2 senastion;
sense the five senses
mass felt; sensed;
perceptible, noticeable, palpable, tangible;
appreciable, considerable (e.g., loss);
 that which ill perceptible through (bi-asbika) dirhamun one dirham is
the senses; appearance, evidence; enough for you; it suffices to say
things perceptible through the that ; you know enough when you hear
senses that ; you need only ... ;
(muqnian) it will be enough to convince
asaba u (asb, isb,
you if ; ( bi-hd
isbn, usbn) to compute, reckon,
kullih arran) but enough of all these
calculate; to count; to charge, debit (
negative aspect! fa-asb and thats
s.th. to s.o., to s.o.s account); to credit (
all, and no more, only (interchangeable
s.th. to s.o., to s.o.s account)
with )
( isbah) to take s.th. or s.o. into
account or into consideration, reckon with asb ( majlis) pl.
s.th. or s.o., count on s.th. or s.o.; guardianship court, probate court
( isban) do.; to attach importance to (Eg.)
s.o. or s.th.; ( alfa) to hove asab pl. asb measure,
a thousand apprehensions about ; -- extent, degree, quantity, amount; value;
asiba a i ( isbn, masaba, esteem, high regard enjoyed by s.o.; noble
masiba) to regard ( s.o. as), consider, descent; asaba (prep.), bi-asabi
deem ( s.o. to be ); to think, believe, and al asabi according to, in
suppose, assume; to consider, regard ( accordance with, commensurate with,
s.o. as belonging to), count ( s.o. depending on
among); to see ( in s.o. s.th.); --
asuba u (asab, asba) to be of asbam (conj.) according to
noble origin, be highborn; to be highly what ... , as, depending on how
esteemed, be valued III to settle an ( ttafaqa) as chance will have it
account, get even (with s.o.); to call ( arithmetical problem, sum 175
s.o.) to account, ask ( s.o.) for an
accounting; to hold ( s.o.) responsible, asb pl. usab2
make ( s.o.) answerable respected, esteemed; noble, of noble birth,
to be careful, be on ones guard V to be highborn
careful, be on ones guard; to take usbn calculation, reckoning,
precautions; to seek to know, try to find accounnting; computation
out ( s.th.) VI to settle a mutual account to be taken into account, be taken into
VIII to debit or credit; to take into consideration; to be expected, be
account, take into consideration ( or anticipated; it was
s.th.); to reckon ( or with); (to expected that ... ; I expect that
anticipate a reward in the hereafter by
adding a pious deed to ones account with isb arithmetic, reckoning,
God -- such as resigning in Gods will at calculus; computation; calculation,
the death of a relative; hence:) estimation, appraisal; accounting,
waladan) to give a son, be bereaved of a settlement; consideration,
son; to sacrifice s.th. in consideratedness; caution; -- (pl. -t) bill,
anticipation of Gods reward in the invoice; statement of costs (bank)
hereafter; to charge ( s.th. for); to account; pl. bookkeeping
think, believe, suppose; to take ( s.o. for . al-jummal (al-jumal) use of the
or to be ); to be content, content o.s.( alphabetic letters according to their
with); to disapprove ( s.th. in s.o.), numerical value; ilm al-.
take exception ( to s.th. in s.o.), arithmetic; . al-taful
reject ( s.th. in s.o.); to call ( s.o.) differential calculus; . at-
to account, ask ( s.o.) for an accounting takmul integral calculus; he
reckoned with it, he expected it, he was
asb reckoning, computing, prepared for it; to take s.o. or
calculation; thinking, opinion, view; s.th. into consideration; to reckon with s.o.
sufficiency )( asbuka or s.th.; ( itm) and
 ( nih) final statement of account, pl. usud envious
final accounting; ( dah) he
tasud mutual envy
called him to account; yaum al-
. the Day of Reckoning, Judgment Day; pl. ussd, asada
to render account to s.o.; envious; envier, grudger
without limit or bounds, to excess, to masd envied; smitten by the
an unlimited extent; blindly, evil eye
without forethought, at random;
to s.o.s credit, to s.o.s advantage; asara u i (asr) to pull away or off,
to s.o.s debit, at s.o.s expense, remove ( s.th., a cover, a veil, from);
to s.o.s disadvantage; to uncover, lay bare, unveil ( s.th.); --
laqiya sa 1-. he got a raw deal, he was (usr) to become dim (sight); -- asira a
in for it; ( jrin) current account; ((asar, asra) to regret ( s.th.),
. undq at-taufr be grieved, be pained ( by 176 s.th.); to
savings-bank accounts; sigh ( over s.th.); -- asara i, asira a
blocked account; double-entry (asar) to become tired, fatigued II to
bookkeeping; ( arq) the fatigue, tire, weaken, sap ( s.o.); to
Julian calendar; ( garb) the grieve, sadden ( s.o.), cause pain or grief
Gregorian calendar ( to s.o.); to remove ( a cover, from),
lay bare, unveil ( s.th.) V to be
isb arithmetical, mathematical, distressed, be pained, be grieved ( by);
computational to sigh ( over) VII to be pulled away or
musaba pl. -t accounting; off, be removed ( from); to be rolled up.
clearing (com.); bookkeeping; request for be turned back (sleeve, from the arm);
accounting; examination of conscience to disappear suddenly ( from)
(theol.) qism al-m. accounting asar fatigue, debility, weakness
department, comptrollers office; clearing . al-baar nearsightedness,
house myopia
itisb computation; calculation, asir grieved, sad; fatigued,
consideration, reflection; debiting; languid, weary, tired
crediting; valuation; contentedness,
satisfaction asra pl. asart grief, sorrow,
pain, distress, affliction; sigh y
sib counter, reckoner, la-l-asrati alas! Unfortunately!
arithmetician, calculator, computer y asrat and w asrath what
masb pl. -n, masib2 a pity! too bad!
protg, pet, favorite; obedient, asr pl. asr tired, weary,
subservient ( to s.o.) fatigued, exhausted; dim, dull (eye),
masbya esteem enjoyed by nearsighted . al-baar
s.o., position of distinction; patronage, nearsighted, myopic
favored position, favoritism asr nearsightedness, myopia
musib, musibg asrn regretful, sorry, sad,
(eg.) accountant, bookkeeper; comptroller, distressed, grieved
auditor
taassur sighing; regret
mutasab that for which one can
expect reward in the hereafter (e.g., sir pl. awsir2 bared,
suffering, loss, etc.) denuded . al-baar
nearsighted, myopic; . ar-ras
asada u (asad) to envy, grudge ( s.o., bareheaded, hatless
or s.th.), be envious ( of s.o., or
because of s.th.) VI to envy each other asak (coll.; n. un. )thorns, spines;
spikes, pricks; fish bones; awns, beard
asad envy
 (bot.); name of several prickly herbs, esp.
of the genus Tribulus
asak thorny, prickly, spiny
asama i (asm) to cut, sever, cut off ( give good advice; (
s.th.); to finish, complete, terminate (
s.th.); to decide ( a question); to settle (
an argument); to deduct, discount ( an
amount from a sum of money) VII to be
severed, be cut off; to be finished, be
completed, be terminated; to be settled
(argument)
asm finishing, completion,
termination; decision; settling, settlement
(of an argument); discontinuance,
shutdown, closing down; deduction,
discounting (of an amount)
usm sword, sword edge
asm fatal, trying, grueling (pl.;
days, nights, also years)
sim decisive; final, peremptory,
conclusive, definite, definitive
asana u (usn) to be handsome,
beautiful, lovely, nice, fine, good; to be
expedient, advisable, suitable, proper,
fitting; to be in a proper state, be in a
desirable condition in . beauty spot, patch;
ladaika if you like it, if it seems all right
to you; it is to your advantage deadly nightshade, belladonna
that you ... ; you ought to ;
he was all willing to II to beautify,
embellish ( s.th.); to adorn, decorate (
s.th.); to improve, put into better form,
ameliorate, better ( s.th.); to make a
better presentation ( of s.th.); to present
in a favorable light, depict as nice or
desirable ( s.th. to s.o.; to sugar-coat,
make more palatable ( s.th. unpleasant,
s.th. disadvantageous) III to treat ( s.o.)
with kindliness IV to do right, act well; to
do ( s.th), well, expertly, nicely; to know
( how to do s.th.), be able ( to do s.th.);
to master ( s.th.), have command ( of
s.th.), be proficient ( in s.th.; a language,
an art, a handicraft, etc.), be conversant (
with s.th.); to do good, be charitable; to do
favors, do good ( or to s.o.), do ( or
s.o.) a good turn, be nice, friendly (
or to s.o.); to give 177 alms, give charity
( to s.o.) m asanah how fair means, amicable manner
good he is! how handsome he is!
asanta well done! bravo!
(almnya) to master the German language,
know German well; to aim well
or accurately; ( maratah) to
anna) to
have a good opinion of ... , judge s.th.
favorably; ( mumalatah) to
treat s.o. well V to become nicer, more
handsome, more beautiful; to improve,
ameliorate, get better X to deem ( s.th.)
nice, etc., or good; to regard ( s.th.) as
right, advisable or appropriate; to approve (
of s.th.), sanction, condone ( s.th.); to
come to like, to appreciate ( s.th.), find
pleasure ( in s.th.); also = IV:
( ingilzya) to know English well;
pass. ustusina to be good, commendable,
advisable
usn beauty, handsomeness,
prettiness, loveliness; excellence,
superiority, perfection
fortunately; good manners, good
behavior; good conduct; ( .
as-sair) an irreproachable life;
. al-taarruf discretion, individual
judgment; good opinion, favorable
judgment; euphemism;
)). al-qad (an-nya) good intention,
good will, good faith; . ysuf
a kind of
bindweed (Convolvulus cairicus L.; bot.);
asan pl. isn beautiful,
handsome, lovely; pretty, nice; good,
agreeable; excellent, superior, exquisite;
asanan well, splendidly, excellently,
beautifully; the ladies; -- high sandhill
al-asanyn the Hasanides, the
descendants of asan, son of Al and
Fima
asan2 pl. asin2 better;
nicer, lovelier, more beautiful; more
excellent, more splendid, more admirable
he is better off than
they are; (bi-llat) in a
friendly manner, amicably, with kindness
asn2 pl. isn (of a woman)
beautiful, a beauty, a belle
al-usn pl. -t (f. of al-
asan) the best outcome, the happy ending;
amicably, by fair means, in a friendly
 manner; ( asm) the 99 u, ua last breath,
attributes of God last spark of life
asana pl. -t good deed, a (eg.) sap-green, reseda-
benefaction; charity, alms; pl. colored
advantages, merits
mia, miaa pl.
assn pl. assn2 gold- ma2 sickle, scythe; fire iron, poker
finch
miaa pl. -t (eg.) tool for
masana s.th. nice, s.th. good; weeding, weeder
advantage; pl. masin2 beauties, maa, m. na hashish
charms, attractions, merits, advantages, den
good qualities
pl. mai2 hashish den
tasn beautification,
embellishment; improvement, amelioration, aada i u (ad) to gather, concentrate,
betterment; processing, refining, finishing; mass ( esp. troops), call up, mobilize ( an
(pl. tasn) ornament, decoration army); to pile up, store up, accumulate (
O t. an-nasl eugenics s.th., at a place) II to amass, accumulate (
musana friendly treatment, s.th.), mass, concentrate ( esp. troops) V
kindliness amicability and VIII to rally, come together, assemble,
gather, crowd together, throng together; to
isn beneficence. charity, be concentrated, be massed (troops); to fall
almsgiving, performance of good deeds into line (troops)
taassun improvement, ad pl. ud assembling, rallying;
amelioration on the way to gathering, assembly, crowd, throng;
recovery concentration, massing (esp. of troops);
istisn approval, consent; mobilization. calling up (of an army)
acclaim; discretion; application of discretion taaud pl. -t concentration (of
in a legal decision (Isl. Law) troops)
muassin embellisher, beautifier, itid pl. -t gathering, crowd;
improver; pl. muassint cosmetics concentration (of troops)
musin beneficent, charitable numerous (of an assembly),
mustasan approved, crowded (of a public demonstration)
commendable; pleasant, agreeable 178 O ida battery (el.)
( ( as u (asw), V and VIII to drink, sip aara i u (ar) to gather, assemble, rally (
( s.th.) people); to cram, crowd, pack, jam
asw and as soup, broth (together); to squeeze. press, force, stuff,
tuck ( or s.th. into)
aswa pl. asawt a sip
yaum al-ar the day of
uswa pl. usuwt, usawt, congregation (of the dead), the Day of
aasiya a sip, small quantity of liquid; soup, resurrection
broth; bouillon
aara pl. -t insect; pl. vermin,
aa u (a) to mow, cut ( s.th.) II to insect pests ilm al-.
smoke hashish entomology
a (coll.) pl. hi2 aar insectile, insectival, insect-
herbs, grasses; weeds; hay; hemp (Cannabis (in compounds); entomologic(al)
sativa L.; bot.), hashish, Cannabis; stillborn
child . ad-dnr hops araja and II taaraja to rattle in the
throat
aa (n. un.) herb
araja rattling, rattle in the throat
a pl. -n smoker or chewer of
hashish. hashish addict V to be dressed shabbily, dress slovenly
 aaf dates of inferior quality
aafa glans (penis; anat.)
aaka i (ak) to cram, jam, squeeze, stuff
( s.th. into)
aama i (am) to shame, put to shame (
s.o.) 11 and IV do. V and VIII to be
ashamed to face s.o. ( or ;)to be
reticent, modest, shy, bashful, diffident
aam servants, retinue, entourage,
suite
ima shame, bashfulness, timidity,
diffidence; modesty; decency, decorum 179
am pl. uam2 modest,
timid, bashful, shy, diffident
maim2 pubes, genitals
taaum and itim shame,
shyness, modesty, reticent, decency,
decorum
mutaim shy, bashful; modest,
reticent, decent, decorous
) )aa u (aw) to stuff, fill, dress (
s.th. with; esp. fowl, etc.); to fill in ( s.th.);
to load ( a firearm; s.th. with, e.g., a
camera); to fill ( a tooth); to insert ( s.th.)
11 to interpalate ( s.th.); to insert ( s.th.);
to provide ( s.th.) with a margin; to hem (
a dress); to supply ( a book) with
marginal notes or glosses III to except,
exclude ( s.o. from) V to keep away,
stand aloof, abstain ( from), avoid, shun
( s.th.), beware ( of), be on ones guard
( against) VI to keep away, abstain ( or
from), beware ( or or of), avoid,
shun ( or or s.th.)
aw that with which s.th. is stuffed
or filled; dressing, stuffing (of fowl, .to.);
filling (of tooth); insertion; (gram.)
parenthesis; interpolation
awa pl. -t filling, stuffing
(cushion, cookery, etc.); load (of a
cartridge), charge (of a min.); panel, inlay,
inserted piece (in paneling, in a door)
aan pl. a bowels,
intestines; interior, inside in the
interior of, within, in
aan = aan
aya pl. t, ay cushion,
pillow; mattress
(with genit., acc. or )except,
save God forbid!
far be it from you that you ...;
(a) =
taya insertion; interpolation
tain avoidance
iya pl. awin border;
seam, hem; edge; margin (of a book);
marginal gives; marginal notes;
commentary on certain words and passages
of a book, supercommentary; footnote;
postscript; retinue, entourage, suite,
servants; dependents; pl. critical
apparatus and nice,
polite, courteous, gracious, amiable, kindly,
friendly; riqqat al-. niceness,
amiability, graciousness
maw filled, dressed; stuffed;
loaded (firearm); pl. mawt
filled, or stuffed, dishes
may filled, stuffed (esp. food);
s.th. filled or stuffed
aa u to fall as a share ( to s.o.) III to
share ( s.th. with s.o.) IV to allot s.o. ()
his share
u saffron
ia pl. ia share, portion,
allotment; share (fin.); contingent, quota;
span of time; lesson, class period
. f r-rab dividend (fin.); O
founders share; O quota
system, apportionment; in a
short time
ta quota system,
apportionment
mua allotment; sharing (with
s.o.), partaking, participation
see
aaba i u to cover or strew with pebbles
or gravel ( ground); to macadamize (
ground), metal ( a road); -- aiba a and
pass. uiba to have the measle II to cover
or strew with pebbles or gravel ( ground);
to macadamize ( ground), metal ( a road)
180
aab road metal, crushed rock,
ballast
ab2 (coll.) pebbles; gravel
aba measles (med.)
 iba storm, hurricane detention, determent; restraint, retention,
containment, check; limitation, restriction,
aaa to be or become clear, plain,
confinement ~ narrowing; gathering,
manifest; to come to light (truth)
collecting (of s.th. scattered), compilation;
aada i u (ad, aad, iad) to enumeration, listing, counting, computing;
harvest, reap ( s.th.); to mow ( s.th.) IV, centralization, concentration; (tobacco)
VIII and X to be ripe monopoly strictly speaking;
ad and id harvesting, exhaustively; .
reaping, harvest; harvest time al-tamwn rationing; almat al-
. parentheses, brackets (typ.);
aid, ada pl. ( yadulu) or ( ara)
aid2 crop, harvest yield boundless, infinite, immeasurable,
everything without exception innumerable; yafqu al-ara
ad reaper; harvester do.; O ijzat al-. patent on an
invention; idrat . at-
miad pl. maid2 sickle tibg wa-t-tumbk Government Tobacco
O ada and O miada Monopoly (Syr.)
mowing machine, mower O ur retention (of urine);
(darrsa) combine constipation
id reaper aar dyslogia, inability to express
O id mowing machine, mower o.s. effectively
mad harvested, reaped, mown ar pl. uur mat
muid and mustaid ripe ara pl. air2 mat
aara i u (ar) to surround, encircle, ir block, blockage, barrier;
encompass, ring ( s.th.); to enclose ( blockade; siege 181
s.th.); to parenthesize ( a word); to muara block, blockage,
blockade ( s.o., s.th.); to besiege, barrier; blockade; siege
beleaguer ( s.o., s.th.); to detain, deter,
restrain, contain, hold back ( s.o.); to limit, inir restrictedness, limitation,
restrict ( or s.th. to); to condense, confinement; (tobacco) monopoly
reduce in scope ( s.th.); to narrow down, mar blocked, blockaded;
confine ( s.th. to, also a suspicion to beleaguered, besieged; limited, restricted,
s.o.); to bring together, compile, arrange ( confined ( to); narrow
s.th. under a rubric); to enter ( s.th. in
a list); to put together, set up, list, enumerate irim (coll.; n. un. )unripe and sour
( s.th.); to comprise, contain, include, grapes (syr.)
involve ( s.th.); -- aira a (aar) to be in aufa u ( afa) to have sound
a fix, be in a dilemma III to encircle, judgment, be judicious, discriminating
surround ( s.o., s.th.); to shut off,
aif endowed with sound
seclude ( s.o., s.th.); to block ( s.th.); to
judgment, judicious, discriminating
beleaguer, besiege ( s.o., s.th.); to
blockade ( s.o., s.th.); to detain, deter, af endowed with sound
restrain ( s.o.) VII to be straitened, judgment, judicious, discriminating
confined, narrowed in; to be or become
afa sound judgment,
restricted, limited ( or to); to limit o.s. (
judiciousness
or to); to be condensed ( to), be
concentrated ( in); to be or become united aala u ( ul) to set in; to be
(e.g., under s.o.s rule); to be there, be existent, extant; to arise, come
reducible ( to), be expressible ( in terms about; to result, come out; to happen, occur,
of), consist ( in) transpire, come to pass, take place; to
happen, occur ( to s.o.), come ( upon
ar encirclement, encompassment,
s.o.), befall, overtake ( s.o.); to originate,
enclosure, corralling; parenthesizing;
emanate, derive, stem ( from), be caused,
blocking, blockading, beleaguering, siege;
be produced ( by); to attain, obtain, get,
receive, achieve ( s.th.), win ( s.o. or
s.th.); to come into possession ( of s.th.);
to seek ( a permit), apply ( for a
permit); to collect, recover ( a debt), call
in ( funds); to receive. take in ( s.th.)
II to cause s.th. ( )to happen or set in; to
attain. obtain ( s.th.); to acquire ( s.th.,
also knowledge); to infer, deduce ( s.th.);
to collect ( a fee, fare, etc.), levy ( taxes,
fees, etc.), call in ( money); to summarize,
sum up ( s.th.) V to result ( from), come
out (sum); to be obtained, be attained; to be
raised, be levied, be required. be demanded;
to be taken in, come in (fees, taxes, funds);
to be collected (taxes); to procure for o.s.,
get ( s.th.); to attain, receive, obtain (
s.th.); to acquire ( s.th.); to collect (
fees) X to procure for o.s., get ( s.th.); to
attain. Receive, obtain ( s.th.); to acquire
( s.th.)
ul setting in, occurrence,
incidence. happening (of an event or
process); obtainment. attainment ( of
s.th.); achievement ( of s.th.); acquisition
( of s.th.)
ala pl. ail2 rest, Flying Fortress
remainder; amount collected, proceeds,
returns; revenue, receipts, yield, income,
takings
and look up iron horse;
alphabetically
ala collection box, alms box
maal result, outcome, upshot,
issue
tal pl. -t attainment,
obtainment, gain; acquisition (also of
knowledge); learning, studying, scientific
studies; collection, raising, levy(ing), calling
in (of funds, taxes); income, revenue,
receipts, returns, proceeds; rsum,
summary, gist (of a speech or opinion);
in summary, it may be a woman); invulnerability, inviolability;
said ...
talg (eg.) = muail
il pl. awsil2 setting
in, occurring, taking place, happening;
result, outcome, sum, total, product (also
math.); revenues, receipts, proceeds, gain;
income, returns; crop, harvest; warehouse,
storehouse, granary, depot, magazine; main
content, purport, gist, essence, substance (of
a speech); briefly, in short; pl.
product(s), yield. produce.
production (econ.)
masl pl. -t, mal2
result, outcome, issue; yield, gain; product,
produce; crop, harvest; production 182
muail collector; tax collector;
cashier; (bus, streetcar) conductor
mutaail yield, revenue,
proceeds, receipts, returns ( from)
auna u ( ana) to be
inaccessible, be well fortified; to be chaste
(woman) II to make inaccessible ( s.th.);
to strengthen ( s.th.); to fortify, entrench
( s.th.); to immunize, make proof (
idda against) IV to make inaccessible (
s.th.); to fortify, entrench ( s.th.); to be
chaste, pure (woman); to remain chaste,
be of unblemished reputation (woman) V
to strengthen ones position, protect o.s.;
to be fortified; to be secure, be protected
in pl. un fortress, fort,
castle, citadel, stronghold; fortification,
entrenchment; protection
in pl. uun,
asina horse; stallion . al-
bar hippopotamus; ( bur)
qwat ., or
alone, horse power
an inaccessible, strong,
fortified, firm, secure(d), protected;
immune, proof, invulnerable ( idda
against) ( in) stronghold
(fig.; e.g., of radicalism)
ab l-uain fox
ana strength, ruggedness,
forbiddingness, impregnability,
inaccessibility; shelteredness, chastity (of
immunity (of deputies, diplomats; against
illness)
tan pl. -t fortification,
entrenchment; strengthening, cementing,
solidification; immunization
in blamelessness,
unblemished reputation, integrity (Isl.
Law)
 taaun securing, safeguarding,
protection, protectedness
muaan fortified; entrenched;
immune, proof ( idda against)
muina, muana sheltered,
well-protected, chaste; of unblemished
reputation (woman; Isl. Law)
IV to oount, enumerate ( s.th.); to
calculate, compute ( s.th. from); to
debit, charge ( s.th. to s.o.s
account), hold ( s.th. against s.o.)
( yu) innumerable
aan (coll.) pebbles, little stones
ah, awa pl. lecture, give a course of lectures IV to
aayt little stone; pebble; calculus,
stone (med.) ( baulya) cystic
calculus; ( afrwya) to a place)
gallstone, biliary calculus
a lubn, rosemary ready o.s., get ready ( for); to be ready,
(bot.)
aaw stony, pebbly, gravelly
i pl. -t count, counting;
enumeration; calculation, computation;
statistics i. as-sukkn s.o.); to live in a civilized region; pass.
census
i statistic(al); (pl. -n)
statistician
iya pl. -t statistics
aa u (a) and II to spur on, incite (
s.o., to), goad, prod ( s.o. to do
s.th.)
a incitement, inducement,
prodding, prompting, instigation
a, pl. uu, population (as opposed to desert, steppe);
aia foot of a mountain; lowland;
perigee (astron.); depth; state of decay
to sink low (fig.);
( dakkah) to ruin s.th.
completely, run s.th. into the ground
aara u ( ur) to be present (
at), be in the presence ( of s.o.); to 183
attend ( s.th.); to be present ( in s.o.s
mind), be readily recalled ( by s.o.); to
take part, participate ( majlisan in a
meeting); to come, get ( or to s.o.,
to a place), arrive ( or at a place); to
visit ( a place), attend ( a public event),
go ( to a performance, etc.); to appear (
before a judge, etc., in, at), show up
( in, at); to betake o.s., go (
from ... to); ( ara) to be settled,
sedentary (in a civilized region, as
opposed to nomadic existence)
II to ready, make ready, prepare ( s.th., also,
e.g., as medicine = to compound), make,
produce, manufacture ( s.th.); to study,
prepare ( a lesson); to fetch, get, bring (
s.o., s.th.), procure, supply ( s.th.); to
settle ( s.o), make s.o. ( )sedentary; to
civilize ( s.o., s.th.) III to give a lecture,
present s.th. in a lecture ( to s.o.); to
fetch, get, bring ( s.o., s.th.), procure,
supply ( s.th.); to take ( s.o., s.th.,
to have s.th. with
one, bring s.th. along V to prepare o.s.,
prepared; to become settled, be sedentary
in a civilized region; to be civilized, be in
a state of civilization; to become
urbanized, become a town dweller VIII to
come ( to s.o.), be in the presence ( of
ustuira to die X to have s.th. ()
brought, to call, send ( for s.o., for
s.th.), have s.o. ( )come; to summon (
s.o.); to fetch, procure, supply, get, bring (
s.th.); to conjure, call up, evoke ( a
spirit); to visualize, envision, call to mind
( s.th.); to carry with o.s., bring along (
s.th.); to prepare ( e.g., a medicinal
preparation)
aar a civilized region with
towns and villages and a settled
settled population, town dwellers (as
opposed to nomads)
aar settled, sedentary,
resident, not nomadic, non-Bedouin, like
urbanites; civilized; urban; town dweller
ara presence in the
presence of ...; ( liya) His
Highness (formerly, title of the Bey of
Tunis); a respectful form of
address, esp. in letters; cf. Fr.
Monsieur le docteur
 ur presence; visit, sedentary, resident, village or town
participation, attendance; (as one pl. of dweller, not nomadic or
)those present in his at present, now; .
presence; . al-afla al-fikr quick-witted, quick at repartee;
attendance of the celebration ( naqd) cash, ready money
. ad-dihn presence of mind; ira pl. awir2
waraqat . summons (jur.) capital city, metropolis; city (as a center of
ur: ( akm) civilization)
judgments delivered in the presence of the mar possessed, haunted or
litigant parties after oral proceedings inhabited by a jinni; demoniac
(jur.); uryan contradictorily
(jur.) muair maker, producer,
manufacturer; dissector (med.)
ara civilization; culture;
settledness, sedentariness muir lecturer, speaker
ara pl. air2 a small muir court usher
group of 6 to 12 people (specif., the mutaair civilized
smallest unit of boy scouts = patrol);
section, squad (mil.; Syr.) mutaar dying, in the throes of
death, on the brink of death; a dying
maar presence; attendance, person; haunted or inhatbited by a jinni;
coming, appearance (of s.o.); assembly, demoniac
meeting, gathering, convention; (pl.
mair2) minutes, official report, mustaar pl. -t preparation
process-verbal, record of the factual (chem., pharm.) ( daw)
findings m. al-jard inventory medicinal preparation
list; bi-maarin minhu in s.o.s aramaut2 Hadhramaut
presence
aram pl. arim2
tar preparing, readying, man from Hadhramaut; Hadhramautian
making ready; (pl. -t) preparation ( for; (adj.)
also e.g., for an examination); making,
preparation, cooking (of food, etc.), aana u (an, ina) to clasp
production, manufacture in ones arms, embrace, hug ( s.o.);

tadr preparatory, preparative to nurse, bring up, raise ( a child); (an,

( muallimn) idn, ina, un)
184 preparatory institutes for teachers,
teachers colleges (Eg.)
muara pl. -t lecture
ir procurement, supply,
fetching, bringing
taaur civilized way of life
itir demise, death
istir making, production,
manufacture; preparation; summoning
istir al-arw evocation him with open arms;
of spirits, spiritism
ir pl. uar,
ur present; attending; the
present (time); prepared ( for); ready; (pl.
ur, aara) settled,
to hatch, brood, incubate ( an egg; of a
bird) VI to embrace one another, cling to
one another, nestle against each other VII
to clasp in ones arms, embrace, hug (
s.o., s.th.); to harbor in one,s bosom (
feeling); to hatch, concoct, contrive (
s.th.); to bring up, raise ( a child)
an pl. an breast,
bosom (between the outstretched arms);
armful, that which can be carried in one's
arms ( qabilah) he received
and
amid, among; with, in the presence
of (s.o.); ( sar) in the
heart (or folds) of the desert;
she took me in her arms
 ina, ana raising, bringing maaa pl. -t stopping place,
up, nursing (of a child); hatching (of an stop (also of public conveyances); station,
egg), incubation childrens post; railroad station; broadcasting station,
home, day nursery, crche radio station m. tawl
at-tayyr transformer station;
in embraced, bugged, resting in
))m. al-ida (al-lsi1kya)
s.o.s arms
broadcasting station, radio station;
maan pl. madin2 transmitter (station); ( rasya)
childrens home, day nursery, crche (railroad) main station; O m.
itin embrace, hug(ging), al-irt signal post; O m. al-
accolade irsl transmitter (station; radio);
( li-l-ard al-jawwya)
ina pl. awin2 meteorological station, weather station;
nurse-maid, dry nurse m. a-arf (Eg.) pump station
mutain embracing, hugging; (for drainage); power plant; O
tender, affectionate receiving station (radio); O
( l-silkya qarat al-
aa u (a) to put, place, put down, set amwj) short-wave transmitter station;
down ( s.th.); to take down ( a load, m. tauld al-kahrab and
burden); to lower, decrease, diminish, power plant
reduce ( or s.th.); to depreciate (
min qadrih or min qudratih ini decline, fall, decay,
the value of s.th.) ( rila) to decadence; inferiority
halt, make a stop, dismount, encamp iss al-in. sense of inferiority
(while traveling on horseback, 185 ini postclassical writer
camelback. etc.); -- u (a, u) to
sink, descend, go down; to alight (bird); to muna low, base, low-level, low-
land (airplane); to drop (price) II to put grade; fallen, degraded (woman); mean,
down, set down, take off, unload ( a vile, vulgar; inferior
load) VII to sink, descend, go down; to aaba i to gather firewood
decrease, diminish; to decline, decay, (f ablih) to support s.o., stand by
wane VIII to put down, set down, take s.o., back s.o. up VIII to gather firewood
down ( s.th.)
aab pl. ab firewood
a (act of) putting or setting down;
ab wood gatherer; wood-
depreciation, belittling, derogation,
cutter, lumberjack; vendor of firewood
disparagement ( of s.th.); reduction,
diminution, decrease ( of s.th.) tab singlestick fencing (a
popular game, esp. in rural areas; eg.)
ia alleviation, relief, mitigation;
abasement, debasement, demotion, tab wood gatherer; woodcutter,
degradation (in rank, dignity, prestige); lumberjack; vendor of firewood
humiliation, insult, indignity ka-ibi lailin lit.: like one who
gathers wood at night, i.e., blindly, at
aa lower
random, heedlessly (said of s.o. who does
aa price reduction not realize, or think about, what he is
maa place at which s.th. is put doing)
down or deposited; stopping place, stop; aama i (am) to break, shatter, smash,
pause fermata, hold, concluding strain, wreck, demolish ( s.th.) II = I; V to
cadence (mus.) object of hope, break. go to pieces; to be broken, b.
that on which one's hopes are pinned; smashed, be shattered; to crash (e.g.,
to attract the glances, draw airplane, structure, etc.); to be wrecked
attention to o.s.; m. al-kalm (ship) VII = V
sense, or meaning, of ones words
 ima pl. iam particle, small
piece, shred, bit, morsel; s.th. broken
um debris, rubble; fragments,
shards, broken pieces; wreckage, wreck
(of a ship) ad-duny the
ephemeral things of this world, the
vanities of the world
am smashed, shattered, wrecked
186
tam smashing, shattering,
wrecking, breaking, demolition,
destruction, disruption O
icebreaker
taaum crumbling,
disintegration; crash (of an airplane);
collapse, breakdown
ima: O icebreaker uwa, iwa favored position,
(naut.)
muaim crashing, thundering,
roaring (of an explosion. etc.) muaam
broken (language)
ara pl. air2
enclosure, railing, fence, palisade, hedge;
compound, yard, pound, pinfold; corral,
pen, paddock, coop; hangar, shed; field,
domain, realm (fig.) ( with foll.
genit.) inside of, within;
(jadabah) to bring s.o. under ones
influence; aircraft hangars;
. al-quds Paradise
mar interdicted, prohibited,
forbidden ( to s.o.); embargoed; pl.
forbidden things, restrictions
( and ( aiya a (
uwa, iwa) to enjoy the favor or good
graces of s.o. (), be in s.o.s ( )favor
or good graces; to acquire, obtain, attain,
gain, win ( s.th.)
role of favorite; precedence; favor, grace;
good will, benevolence; prestige, credit,
standing, respect, esteem
))to find favor with s.o.

muaima: ( taljya) aya pl. ay paramour,

icebreaker (naut.) mistress, concubine

aa a (a) to be lucky, Fortunate IV=I maya pl. -t paramour.

mistress, concubine
a pl. u part, portion,
share, allotment; lot, fate, destiny; good affa u (aff) to surround ( s.o., s.th.
luck, good fortune; affluence, wealth, with, also and s.o., s.th.), enclose,
fortune; prosperity; pleasure encompass, border ( s.th.); to depilate
endowed with; li-usni l-. and ( a part of the body), unhair ( the skin);
fortunately, luckily; to trim, clip ( the beard); to chafe, rub
s al-. bad luck, misfortune; off, abrade ( s.th.) he is the
sayyi al-. unlucky, unfortunate; object of admiring glances, he is the
unfortunately; luckily for center of attention, all eyes are upon him;
me, fortunately; he was -- i ( aff) to rustle II and VIII to
lucky in that he ...; he is surround, ( s.o., s.th.), enclose,
no better off than she is encompass, border ( s.th.)

a lucky, fortunate iff side

lucky, fortunate; content(ed), aff rustle, rustling

happy, glad
aara u (ar) to fence in, hedge in (
s.th.); to forbid ( to s.o. s.th.),
prohibit ( s.o. from doing s.th.)
ar forbiddance, interdiction,
prohibition, ban; embargo
ir, ar wall, partition,
screen; fence, palisade, railing
miaffa (also maaffa) pl. -t
litter, stretcher; roller stretcher; sedan
aff: ( ubz) plain bread
(without anything to go with it; eg.)187
ffa pl. -t enclosure, edge,
margin; brim of a vessel; border, brink,
verge; fringe, hem al .
al-arb on the brink of ruin
 afd pl. afd, afada grandson; a running start; to listen, pay attention
descendant, offspring, scion VIII to be about to do s.th., be ready (
for)
afda granddaughter
taaffuz preparedness, readiness;
afara i (afr) to dig ( s.th.): to drill (for
vim, dash, verve, sweep, lan
oil): to excavate (archeol.): to carve (
s.th.): to engrave, etch ( metal) fiz pl. awfiz2 spur, drive (
to dig trenches; ( ufratan) to to do s.th.), incentive ( to),
prepare a pitfall, prepare an ambush VII initiative
pass. of I; VIII to dig mutafiz ready, prepared ( for)
afr digging, earthwork, excavation afia a (if) to preserve ( s.th.); to
(also archeol.); unearthing; drilling (for protect, guard, defend ( s.o.): to observe,
oil): carving, inscribing (e.g., of letters); bear in mind ( s.th.), comply ( with
engraving, etching; graphic arts (etching, s.th.), be mindful, be heedful ( of s.th.);
wood engraving); scurvy (syr.) to keep up, maintain, sustain, retain,
jahz al-. oil rig; oil derrick uphold ( s.th.); to hold, have in
ufra pl. ufar pit; hollow, safekeeping ( s.th.), take care ( of
cavity, excavation; hole s.th.); to keep, put away, save, store (
afrya digging, excavation; O s.th); to conserve, preserve ( s.th.); to
gravure; pl. excavations (archeol.) retain in ones memory, remember, know
by heart ( s.th.); to memorize, learn by
affr digger; engraver; driller; heart, commit to memory ( s.th., esp. the
stone mason gravedigger Koran); to reserve ( for o.s. s.th.): to
afr dug, dug out, excavated, stay, discontinue, suspend ( a
unearthed judicial investigation; jur.) may
God protect him! to hold in care
afra pl. afir2 s.th. of general delivery ( s.th.);
excavated or unearthed; pl. excavations ( yufau) in care of general
(archeol.) delivery, poste restante;
ufr pl. afr2 s.th. (wafa) to be loyal to s.o., keep faith with
excavated; fossil; pl. excavations s.o. II to have s.o. ( )memorize ( s.th.)
(archeol.) III to preserve, keep up, maintain, uphold,
sustain ( s.th.); 188 to supervise,
mifar pl. mafir2 spade control ( s.th.), watch ( over s.th.);
fir pl. awfir2 hoof to watch out ( for), take care, be
to coincide, happen to heedful, be mindful ( of), look (
correspond exactly; on the spot, after), attend, pay attention ( to); to
right away, at once keep, follow, observe, bear in mind (
s.th.), comply ( with), conform ( to)
fir ungular, ungulate
; to protect, guard, defend ( and , also
fira original condition, s.th.) IV to vex, annoy, gall, irritate,
beginning on the spot, right hurt, offend ( s.o.) V to keep up,
away, at once; to revert to its maintain, preserve ( s.th.); to observe,
original state or origin keep in mind ( s.th.), be mindful, be
mafr dug; inscribed, engraved; heedful, take care ( of s.th.), be
carved concerned ( with); to be cautious, be
wary, be on ones guard; to be reserved,
afaza i (afz) to pierce, stab ( s.o., aloof; to have reservations VIII to
with the spear); to incite, instigate, urge, maintain, uphold ( or s.th., e.g.,
prompt, induce ( or s.o. to s.th.) V ones rights); to keep up, maintain, retain (
to prepare o.s. get ready, be ready, be or s.th., e.g., a posture, a
about to do s.th. ( or ). set out to do characteristic); to take care, take over
s.th. ( or ;)to get ready to jump, make custody ( of s.o.), protect, guard ( s.o.);
to defend (against encroachment), hold,
maintain ( a possession); to preserve,
sustain, continue, keep up ( s.th.); to
hold, possess ( s.th.); to put away, hold,
have in safekeeping ( s.th.), take care (
of s.th.); to keep, retain ( s.th.); governorate (one of five administrative
to keep for o.s., appropriate, reserve for
o.s. ( or s.th.), take complete
possession ( of) X to ask s.o. ( )to guard
or protect ( or s.th.); to entrust (
or to s.o. s.th.), commit s.th. ( or )
to the charge of s.o. ()
if preservation; maintenance,
sustentation, conservation, upholding;
protection, defense, guarding; custody,
safekeeping. keeping, storage; retention;
observance, compliance (with);
memorizing, memorization; memory;
(jur.) discontinuance, stay, suspension (of
legal action, of a judicial investigation)
preservation of ancient
monuments (Eg.); . a-ia
hygiene, sanitation; police
ifa anger, indignation,
resentment, rancor
if pl. -t dressing, ligature,
bandage . al-ai sanitary continuation, conservation, defense,
napkin
af attentive, heedful, mindful;
preserving, keeping, guarding ( s.th.)
afa pl. afi2 grudge,
resentment, rancor
mafaa, mifaa pl. -t, heart (formerly an honorific epithet)
mafi2 folder, bag, satchel, briefcase
dispatch case, portfolio; wallet, pocket,
book
mifaa capsule
taf memorization drill,
inculcation (esp. of the Koran)
if defense, protection, guarding
(esp. of cherished, sacred things);
preservation, maintenance ( of
interests); keeping, upholding (of loyalty),
adherence (to a commitment)
mufaa guarding;
safeguarding; preservation; protection,
defense; conservation, sustaining,
upholding; retention, maintenance ( of
s.th.) conservativism (pol.), conservative
attitude; following, observance ( of
s.th.), compliance ( with s.th.),
adherence ( to); guarding ( against
misfortune), saving ( from
misadventure); garrison (mil.); (pl. -t)
divisions of Egypt, in addition to a
mudryt); office of the mufi (head of
a governorate); province, anyone of the
larger administrative districts (Syr.)
self-preservation;
madhab al-m. conservative
movement, conserativism, Toryism
taaffu caution, wariness,
restraint, reticence, reserve, aloofness; --
189 (pl. -t) precaution, precautionary
measure; reservation, limiting condition,
conditional stipulation, proviso
with full reservation
taaffu precautionary,
preventive ( ijrt)
precautionary measures; ( ul)
settlement before action, preventive
settlement (jur.)
itif guarding, safeguarding;
preservation; retention, maintenance,
protection, vindication, sustaining,
upholding; keeping, holding, safekeeping,
custody ( of s.th.)
fi keeper, guarder, guardian,
custodian, caretaker; (pl. uff,
afaa) one who knows the Koran by
fia memory; -- (pl.
awfi) wallet, pocketbook, money order
(Eg.)
maf kept, held in safekeeping,
deposited, guarded, preserved;
memorized, committed to memory, etc.;
conserved, preserved (food); reserved;
ensured, secured, safeguarded; -- pl.
canned goods, concerves;
archives; memorized material, what s.o.
knows by heart the
Egyptian Public Record Office;
concerves, canned goods;
all rights reserved
mufi supervisory, controlling;
observing ( s.th.), complying (
 with), etc.; conservative (pol.), 190 body, collective whole; circle, quarter
the Conservatives, the Tories; keeper, Masonic lodge;
guarder, guardian, custodian, caretaker, ( ))rasmya, siysya) the official
supervisor, superintendent; mayor; (political) circles or quarters
governor (Eg.: title of the chief officer of itifl pl. -t celebration,
a governorate; Syr.: chief officer of a ceremony, festival, festivities
province); director general, president (=
Brit. governor) fil pl. uffal, awfil2
full ( of), filled, replete ( with);
mutaaffi vigilant, alert, wary, abundant, copious, lavish; much
cautious; reticent, reserved, aloof; staid, frequented, well attended (by visitors,
sedate participants, etc.), numerous (of
mustafa pl. -t reserve (mil.) attendance); solemn, ceremonial, festive
afala i (afl) to gather, assemble, hfila pl. -t, awfil 2 O
congregate; to flow copiously; to be autobus
replete, teem, superabound ( with); to mutafil: the participants
pay attention, attend, give ones mind ( in a festive event, the celebrators
or to s.th.), concern o.s. ( with), make
much ( of), set great store ( by) mutafal assembly place,
( l afla) indifferent, of no gathering place; party; celebrated
consequence II to adorn, decorate, afana u to scoop up with both hands (
ornament ( s.th. with) VIII to gather, s.th.); to give a little ( to s.o.)
rally, throng together; to celebrate ( s.th.,
s.o.); to concern o.s. ( or with), attend, afna pl. afant handful
pay attention. give ones mind ( or to 1
( and ( afiya a ( afwa) to
s.th.); to honor, welcome, receive kindly ( receive kindly and hospitably, to
s.o.) welcome, receive with honors, honor (
afl gathering, meeting, s.o.) V to behave with affection, be
assembling; assembly, congregation, affectionate ( toward) VIII do.; to
throng, crowd; performance, show, public celebrate ( an occasion, a festival)
event; celebrations; feast, festival afy welcoming, receiving kindly,
afla pl. -t assembly, gathering, greeting ( s.o., s.th.)
meeting, congregation; party; (social or afwa friendly reception,
public) event; show, performance (theater, welcoming, welcome, salutation ( of
cinema); concert; festivity, ceremony, s.o.)
festival, festive event, celebration
commemoration. Commemorative, itif reception, welcome,
ceremony for a deceased person; salutation ( of s.o.); celebration, festivity
( l) premiere; numerous 2
afiya a ( af) to go barefoot; to
assembly; ( airya) charity have sore feet
performance, charity event; ad-
fin pl. ufh barefoot(ed)
dfn funeral ceremony, obsequies;
(dnya) religious ceremony, Divine aqqa i u to be true, turn out to be true, be
Service; and . samar confirmed; to be right, correct; (also pass.
evening party, soire; motion- uqqa) to be necessary, obligatory,
picture show; tea party; requisite, imperative ( for s.o.), be
. al-urs wedding;( public) incumbent ( upon s.o.); to be adequate,
reception; concert suitable, fitting, appropriate ( for s.o.);
to be due ( s.o.); he is entitled to it,
afl eager, assiduous, diligent
he has a right to it; he deserved it
mafil pl. mafil2 assembly, (punishment); -- u to ascertain ( s.th.),
congregation, meeting, gathering; party; make sure, be sure ( of s.th.); to
recognize. identify ( s.o.) II to make s.th.
( )come true; to realize ( s.th., e.g., a
hope), carry out ( e.g., a wish), carry into
effect, fulfill, put into action,
consummate, effect, actualize ( s.th.); to
implement ( e.g., an agreement); to
produce, bring on, yield ( results); to
determine, ascertain, find out, pinpoint,
identify ( s.th.); to prove s.th. ( )to be
true, verify, establish, substantiate (
s.th.); to confirm, assert, aver, avouch,
affirm ( s.th.); to be exact, painstaking,
meticulous, careful ( in doing s.th.), e.g.,
( naara) to look closely; to he is entitled to ...;
study, examine, investigate, explore (
s.th.), look, inquire ( into s.th.); to verify,
check ( or s.th.); to investigate (
s.th., police); to make an official inquiry (
into s.th.), institute an investigation (
of or into; court; jur.); to interrogate (
s.o.), conduct a hearing ( of s.o.; jur.) III
to contend for a right ( with s.o.), contest
or litigate a right ( against s.o.) IV to tell
the truth; to be right ( in s.th.); to
enforce ( s.th., e.g., a legal claim) V to
prove true. turn out to be true, be
confirmed, prove to be correct; to
materialize, become a fact; to be realized,
be effected, come into effect; to be
examined, be explored; to ascertain (
s.th., also ), make sure, reassure o.s.,
gain proof, convince o.s., be convinced,
be sure, be certain ( of s.th.); to check,
verify ( or . s.th.); to be serious (
about s.th.) X to be entitled, have a claim (
to s.th.); to claim ( s.th.), lay claim (
to); to deserve, merit ( s.th.), be worthy (
of); to require, demand, 191 necessitate,
make requisite ( s.th.); to fall due.
become payable (sum of money), mature.
become due (note); to be due ( s.o.)
( dikra) worth mentioning, affairs, the facts; true nature, essence; real
noteworthy; ( rasmu) not meaning, true sense; aqqatan really, in
subject to a fee. free of charge
aqq truth; correctness, rightness;
rightful possession. property; ones due;
duty; proper manner; true, authentic, real;
right, fair and reasonable; correct, sound,
valid; an attribute of God; (pl.
uqq) right, title, claim, legal claim (
to); law, jurisprudence, legal
science; aqqan really, in reality, in
effect, actually, in fact, indeed, truly, in
truth; justly, rightly, by rights is
that (really) so? really? justly, rightly,
by rights; truly, in reality, actually;
properly, appropriately, in a suitable
manner; bi-haqqi and as to ..., as
for ..., with respect to, concerning,
regarding; he is in the right;
you are right; you are wrong;
it is your duty; you
owe this to me; ( irfnan) in
recognition of what he owed her; he
is entitled to it, it is his due;
he should have ..., he ought to have ;
(yuql) one may say, it must be admitted,
its only fair to say, say what you
will ..., ... though (as a parenthetical
phrase); ( aqqa l-marifa)
to know exactly, know for certain, know
very well, also ( aqqa l-ilm);
fahima aqqa l-fahm to
understand precisely, comprehend
thoroughly, be fully aware;
(sada) true happiness; kullyat
al-. law school, faculty of law
uqq hollow, cavity; socket of a
joint (anat.); also = uqqa
uqqa pl. uqaq, iqq,
aqq small box, case, pot or jar;
receptacle, container; -- (pl. -t,
uqaq) a weight (Syr., Pal.) = uqqa;
. = kg (Ir.)
aaqq2 worthier, more deserving (
of s.th.); more entitled ( to s.th.)
aqq pl. aiqq2 worthy,
deserving ( of s.th.), fit, competent,
qualified; entitled ( to)
aqqa pl. aqiq2 truth,
reality (also philos.); fact; the true state of
reality, in effect, actually, in fact, indeed,
truly, in truth I saw its
true nature, as it really is; in
reality, really, actually; it does
not really exist, it is not real
aqq real, true; actual; proper,
intrinsic, essential; genuine; authentic;
positive
 uqq juristic(al); (pl. -n) jurist, maqq worthy, deserving (
jurisprudent, lawyer of), fit, competent, qualifying ( for);
aaqqya legal claim, title, right wrong, at fault, on the wrong track

aqqn correct, right, proper, muaqqiq investigator; inquirer;

examining magistrate
sound, valid, legitimate, legal
muaqqaq sure, certain, beyond
aqqnya justice, law
doubt, unquestionable, indubitable;
Ministry of Justice (formerly Eg.)
assured, established, accepted, recognized
taqq realization, actualization, it is certain that ..., it is a fact
effectuation, implementation; fulfillment that
(of a claim, of a wish, etc.); achievement,
muiqq telling the truth, in the
accomplishment, execution;
right, being right
ascertainment, determination,
identification, verification; substantiation; mutaaqqiq convinced, sure,
assertion, affirmation, confirmation; certain, positive
pinpointing, precise determination; mustaiqq entitled; claiming;
exactness, accurateness, precision; (= beneficiary (of a wakf); deserving, worthy
t. an-nuq) precise pronunciation; -- m. ad-daf due, payable (sum)
(pl. -t) verification, check, checkup,
investigation; official or judicial inquiry, VITI to put into one's bag, to bag ( s.th.)
192 inquest it is a matter of fact uqb pl. aqb, iqb
that ..., it is certain that ...; long stretch of time, long period
properly speaking, strictly speaking,
actually; exactly, precisely; positively, iqba pl. iqab long time,
definitely; properly speaking, stretch of time; period, age
strictly speaking, actually; t. iqbatan min az-zamn for quite a time,
a-aya identification (of a person), for some time
proof of identity; aqab pl. aqb a kind of
ahdat t. a-aya identity card; ornamental belt
qalam t. a-. bureau of
identification; t. ad-dtya iqb pl. uqub a kind of
identification; examining ornamental belt
magistrate; realization of aqba pl. aqib2 valise,
profits (stock market) suitcase, traveling bag; leather bag
iqq: iqqan li-l-aqq diplomatic pouch;
(so) that truth may prevail portemonnaie, change purse; .
al-yad ladies purse, handbag
taaqquq ascertainment, making
sure; conviction, certainty, certitude; aqida a, aqada i (aqd, iqd) to harbor
verification, check, checkup feelings of hatred ( against) IV to incite
to hatred or resentment, embitter,
istiqq pl. -t worthiness, envenom ( s.o.) V = I; VI to hate one
deservingness, merit; ones due or desert; another
maturity, payability, falling due (of a sum
of money); reclaiming or calling in of s.th. iqd pl. aqd, uqd
due, demand of a right; vindication (1.1. hatred, malice, spite, resentment, rancor
Law), replevin, detinue aqida pl. aqid2 hatred,
deservedly, justly, by rights; malice, spite, resentment, rancor
undeservedly; date of
aqd full of hatred, spiteful,
maturity (e.g., of a bond);
resentful, malicious, malevolent,
(lubnn) name of a Lebanese order
rancorous
 qid full of hatred, spiteful,
resentful, malicious, malevolent,
rancorous; pl. aqada malevolent
people
aqara i (aqr) to despise, scorn,
disdain ( s.o., s.th.); to look down (
on), have a low opinion ( of); --
aqura u 193 to below, base,
contemptible, despicable; to be despised,
degraded, humiliated II to disparage,
decry, depreciate ( s.o.), detract, derogate
( from s.o.); to degrade, debase, humble,
humiliate; to regard with contempt,
despise, scorn, disdain ( s.o., s.th.) VIII
to despise, scorn, disdain ( s.o., s.th.),
look down ( on) X to regard as
contemptible or despicable, disdain,
despise ( s.o., s.th.), look down (
on)
aqr pl. uqar2 low, base,
mean, vulgar, vile; little, small, paltry,
inconsiderable, poor, wretched, miserable;
despised; despicable, contemptible
aqar2 lower, baser, more
contemptible
aqra lowness, vulgarity,
baseness, vileness, meanness; smallness,
paltriness, insignificance, poorness,
wretchedness, miserableness;
despicability, contemptibleness;
ignominy, infamy
taqr contempt, disdain, scorn;
degradation, humiliation, abasement
itiqr contempt, disdain, scorn
( bi-aini l-it.) to regard
s.o. with contempt, look down ones nose
at s.o.
mutaqar despised; contemptible,
despicable
aql pl. uql field (also fig. =
domain); column oil fields;
. az-zait, . an-naf oil
field; oil area; experimental
fields; ( kahrab) electric field
aql field- (in compounds)
muqala sale of grain while still
in growth, dealing in grain futures (Isl.
Law)
aqana u (aqn) to hold back, withhold,
keep back, detain, retain ( s.th.); to
suppress, repress, restrain ( s.th.); to
keep to o.s. ( as-sirra the secret); to
spare ( damah s.o.s blood or life); to
give ( s.o.) an injection (med.) VIII to
become congested (esp. blood); to suffer
from strangury; to take an enema, a
clyster; to be injected
(wajhah) his face was flushed, his face
turned red
aqn retention, withholding;
sparing; injecting. injection (med.)
aqnan li-dimihim in order to
spare their blood;
intravenous injection (med.)
uqna pl. uqan injection
(med.); hypodermic; clyster; enema
miqana pl. maqin2
syringe (med.)
itiqn congestion it.
ad-dam vascular congestion
mutaqan reddened by blood
congestion, flushed, red (face)
aqw pl. iq, aq loin, groin
addada aqwaihi to gird ones
loins
1
akka u (akk) to rub, chafe; to scrape; to
scratch; to rub off, scrape off, scratch off,
abrade ( s.th.) ( adrih) it
impressed him, affected him, touched s.th.
inside him IV to itch V to rub o.s., scrape,
chafe ( against); to pick a quarrel (
with s.o.) VI to rub or scrape against each
other VIII to rub o.s. scrape, chafe (
against); to be in contact, in touch (
with) ( adrih) it impressed
him, affected him, touched s.th. inside him
akk rubbing, chafing; friction;
scratching
akka itching; scabies, itch (med.)
akkk lapidary 194
miakk touchstone; test
tabata al m. in-naar to stand a
critical test
miakka currycomb
takk (reciprocal) friction
 itikk pl. -t (reciprocal) s.o.); to interrogate, hear ( s.o.) IV to
friction; close touch or contact; friction make ( s.th.) firm, strong, sturdy, solid;
(fig., = dissension, controversy) to fortify ( s.th.); to strengthen,
min gair t. frictionless consolidate ( s.th.); to do well, do
expertly, master ( field, work), be
muakkak chafed, worn away
proficient ( in) ( amrahu) to do
2
ukka (tun., = uqqa) pl. ukak small s.th. thoroughly, carefully, properly;
box, case, pot or jar ( qafla l-bb) to lock the door
VIII to buy up, hoard and withhold, corner firmly; ( lugatan) to master a
( a commodity); to monopolize ( a language V to have one's own way ( in),
commercial article); to have exclusive proceed ( with) at random, at will,
possession ( of s.th.), hold a monopoly ( handle ( s.th.) arbitrarily; to pass
over s.th.) arbitrary judgment ( on); to make o.s.
the judge ( of), pass judgment ( on);
ikr, ukr and ujrat al-. to decide ( on); to rule, reign, hold sway
ground rent, quitrent ( over); to dominate, control ( s.th.),
akar, ukar hoarded be in control, be in command ( of) VI to
bring one another before the judge (
ukra hoarding (of goods); ;)to appeal ( to) for a legal
monopoly decision; to be interrogated, be heard (in
kra small vegetable garden court) VIII to have ones own way ( in),
proceed ( with, in s.th.) at will, at
itikr pl. -t cornering, buying
random, handle ( s.th.) arbitrarily, judge
up; monopoly; preferential position;
arbitrarily; to rule, reign, hold sway (
supremacy, hegemony al-
over); to be in control, be in possession
bunn coffee-trade monopoly;
( of); to appeal ( to) for a legal
i. as-sukkar sugar monopoly
decision, seek a decision ( from), have
itikr rapacious, grasping, s.o. ( )decide X to be strong, sturdy,
greedy solid, firm; to become stronger, be
akama u (ukm) to pass judgment, strengthened, be 195 consolidated; to take
express an opinion ( on s.th.), judge root, be or become deep-rooted, deep-
( s.th., by, from); to decide, give a seated, ingrained, inveterate, marked,
decision, pass a verdict, pass sentence ( pronounced (feeling, trait)
on); to sentence ( s.o., to a penalty; ukm pl. akm judgment,
said of the judge), impose, inflict ( a valuation, opinion; decision, (legal)
penalty) on s.o. ( ;)to pronounce a judgment, verdict, sentence;
verdict or judgment, deliver judgment, condemnation, conviction; administration
rule ( in s.o.s favor); to adjudicate, of justice; jurisdiction, legal consequence
adjudge, award ( to s.o. s.th.); to take ( of the facts of a case (Isl. Law);
s.th.) as a standard or norm; to have regulation, rule, provision, order,
judicial power, have jurisdiction, have ordinance, decree; judiciousness, wisdom,
authority ( and over), govern, rule, judgeship, command, authority, control,
dominate, control ( or s.o.); to order, dominion, power; government, regime; pl.
command ( s.th.); to bridle, check, curb ( statutes, by-laws, regulations, rules,
s.th., s.o.) ( ukima, provisions, stipulations, principles,
idm) he was sentenced to death; precepts; ukman virtually; legally
( bi-idnatih) to convict s.o., find bi-ukmi by virtue of, on the strength
s.o. guilty (jur.); ( bi-baratihi) of, pursuant to, by force of; as good
to acquit s.o. (jur.) II to appoint ( s.o.) as as, all but, e.g., ( f ukm l-adam)
ruler; to choose ( s.o.) as arbitrator, make it is as good as nothing, it is practically
( s.o.) the judge ( over or in s.th., nonexistent; abaa f
between) III to prosecute ( s.o.); to ukmi l-muqarrar it is all but decided,
arraign, bring to trial, hale into court ( also: to be subject to s.th.;
 to give in, yield to s.o., akam2 wiser
. al-bara acquittal, ( ur) makama pl. makim2
judgment delivered in the presence of the court, tribunal m. al-
litigant parties, after oral proceedings istinf court of appeal, appellate court;
(jur.), ( idm) death sentence; ( ahlya) indigenous court (Eg.;
( giyb) judgment by default jurisdiction limited to Egyptian nationals),
(jur.); ( dt) self-determination,
( ibtidya) court of first
autonomy (pol.); ( jumhr)
instance, ( kullya) civil
the republican form of government, the
court with jurisdiction in cases of major
republican regime; ( mulaq) the
importance, at the same time appellate
absolute, i.e., authoritarian, regime, instance of ( Eg.); 196
( niyb) the parliamentary regime, ( juzya) in Eg., lowest court of both
parliamentarianism; lajna al-.
( approx.: district courts) and of
board of examiners, review board; canonical courts (with
( urfya) martial law;
jurisdiction in marital and family matters);
(intiqlya) provisional regulations (jur.); summary court; m. al-jinyt
( itmya) final regulations criminal court;
(jur.); ( a) special
(aya) courts dealing with vital
regulations; ( sinn) every age statistics; ( mutalia) mixed
has its own set of rules, must be judged by
court (with jurisdiction over residents of
its own standards, ( li-- foreign nationality); ( arya)
arra) necessity has its (own) rules,
canonical court (administering justice on
(approx.: necessity knows no law) the basis of the Sharia), court dealing with
ukm legal family matters of Muslims;
(markazya) county court, dealing with
( eg.; pronounced ikimdr)
minor offenses, esp. misdemeanors (Eg.);
commandant; chief of police
m. al-qa al-idr
( eg.; pronounced ikimdrya) administrative court; m.
commandants office an-naq wa-l-ibrm Court of Cassation,
akam pl. ukkm arbitrator, the highest court of appeal in Egypt;
arbiter; umpire, referee Court of Cassation (Syr., Leb.
= in Eg.);
ikma pl. ikam wisdom; tribunals
sagacity; philosophy, maxim, rationale,
underlying reason ( with foll. takm appointment of an
genit.) on account of, because of arbitrator; arbitration; arbitral decision,
award; pl. fortifications
ikm gnomic, aphoristic, starting from the present state of a
expressing maxims ( i'r) courts findings (Isl. Law);
gnomic poetry haiat at-t. board of arbitration; jury,
akama pl. -t bit (of a horses committee of judges, committee of
bridle) umpires (in sports), committee of referees
(in mil. maneuvers); ( lajna) do.
akm pl. ukam2 wise,
judicious; wise man, sage; philosopher; mukama judicial proceeding;
physician, doctor trial, hearing (in court); legal prosecution
akmb senior physician, ikm perfection; accuracy,
chief surgeon exactness, exactitude, precision; exact
performance, precise execution
ukma pl. -t government accurately, exactly, precisely;
ukm of government, of highest perfection
governmental; official, state-owned, state- taakkum arbitrariness, arbitrary
controlled of the state, state- (in powers or action; despotism; domination,
compounds)
 dominion, rule, sway, power; control ( kin narrator, storyteller;
of, over) phonograph; O loudspeaker, radio
taakkum arbitrary; despotic maky imitated, imitation (adj.)
istikm intensification, see
increase, strengthening; consolidation, 1
alla u (all) to untie ( a knot),
stabilization; fortification; pl. unbind, unfasten, unravel, undo ( s.th.);
fortifications
to solve ( a problem, a puzzle); to
kim ruling, governing; decisive; decipher, decode ( s.th.): to dissolve in
--(pl. -n, ukkm) ruIer, sovereign; water ( s.th.; chem.); to resolve ( s.th.
governor; judge (bi-amrih) into its components), analyze ( s.th.); to
autocratic; autocrat, dictator; melt ( s.th.); to decompose, disintegrate (
(mm) governor general; al- s.th.); to disband, break up, dissolve (
mubrh umpire, referee (athlet.); an organization or party, parliament); to
. a-ul (Syr.) justice of the peace; open, unpack ( a package, and the like);
. an-niya (Tun.) district to loosen, relax ( s.th.); to release, set
magistrate free, let go ( s.th., s.o.); to clear,
kimya domination, dominion, exonerate, exculpate ( s.o. from),
rule, sovereignty; judgeship, judicature, absolve ( s.o., from his sins; Ch,.);
jurisdiction (ir.) pass. ulla to be free; to be relaxed; -- i u (
ull) to dismount, alight, stop, halt;
makm alaih sentenced ( to settle down, stay ( at a place, also
to) ( idm) those and with s.o., at s.o.s house), come
sentenced to death; ( faal) (for a visit, to); to take up residence (
doomed to fail in a place or country); to descend, come
muakkam pl. -n arbitrator, down; to descend ( upon s.o.; wrath);
arbiter; umpire, referee ( in, over) to overcome, overwhelm ( s.o.; sleep);
to befall ( and s.o.; punishment,
mukam strengthened, reinforced; suffering), occur, happen ( to s.o.); to
firm, solid, sturdy; tight, taut; perfect, become incarnate ( in s.o.; God); to set
masterly, masterful; well-aimed (blow, in, arrive, begin (time, season); -- i to pass
hit); accurate, precise, exact into solution, dissolve: to fade (color); -- i
well-planned, well-contrived (ill) to be allowed, permitted,
mustakam reinforced, fortified; permissible, lawful; to be due, payable
strengthened, consolidated, strong; (debt) ( manib) to take over
inveterate, deep-seated, deep-rooted, or hold an office; ( maallah) to
ingrained (custom, trait, etc.); pl. be in the right place;
defenses, fortifications ( maalla) to take the place of s.o. or
s.th., replace, supersede s.o. or s.th.,
see substitute for s.o. or s.th.;
ak i ( ikya) to tell, relate ( (qalbih) she held a place in his heart;
s.th.), report, give an account ( of); to ( maalla t-taqdri ladaihi) to
speak, talk (syr., leb.); to imitate, copy ( enjoy s.o.s. high esteem;
s.th.); to resemble ( s.o., s.th.) III to ( min nufsi l-qurri maalla l-
imitate, copy ( s.th.), assimilate o.s. ( istisn) to appeal to the readers, meet
to); to be similar ( to), be like s.th. (), with the readers' approval II to dissolve,
resemble ( s.th.), be attuned, adjusted, resolve (into its component parts), break
adapted ( to), be in harmony ( with) up, decompose, analyze ( s.th.): to make
197 ikya pl. -t story, tale, a chemical analysis ( of s.th.): to be
narrative, accountj (gram.) literal dissolvent, act as a solvent ( on; med.):
quotation (of the words of others) to discharge, absolve, clear, exonerate,
exculpate ( s.o.); ( tailla) to expiate
mukh imitation; similarity,
an oath: to make permissible or lawful,
resemblance; harmony
legitimate, sanction, justify, warrant ( ( tarlih) in all his doings, in
s.th.); to declare permissible or lawful, everything he did
allow, permit ( s.th.) IV to discharge, ill: (( ( illin) he was
release, absolve, disengage ( s.o. free to , he was at liberty to ...; he had
from); to declare ( s.th.) lawful, legally free disposal of ...; youre free
permissible, permit, allow ( s.th.); to to ..., you may readily ...
cause to set in or occur, bring about,
produce, cause to take root, establish, alla pl. ilal low copper
stabilize ( s.th.): to cause ( s.th.) to take vessel; cooking pot (eg.)
or occupy the place ( of), shift, move, illa way station, stopping place,
translocate ( s.th., e.g., a tribe, to a stop, stopover; encampment; absolution
place); to settle ( s.th. among) (Chr.); dispensation (Chr.)
( maallah) to cause s.o. or s.th. to
take the place of s.o. or s.th. else, replace ulla pl. ulal clothing, dress,
s.o. or s.th. by, substitute s.o. or s.th. for, garb; vestments (ecclesiastic; Chr.);
take s.o. or s.th. as substitute for; (complete) suit of clothes; (Western) suit
( maalla l-inya) to pay ( rasmya) uniform; .
attention to s.th., make s.th. ones concern as-suhra formal dress
V to dissolve, melt, disintegrate; to all that which is allowed,
disengage o.s., disassociate o.s., extricate permitted or permissible; allowed,
o.s., free o.s. ( from) VII to be untied permitted, permissible, allowable,
(knot); to be solved, be unraveled admissible, lawful, legal, licit, legitimate;
(problem); to be dissolved, be broken up, lawful possession ibn .
be disbanded (also, of an organization, a legitimate son; respectable man, decent
party, etc.); to dissolve, melt; to become fellow
.lock, limp, weak, loose, relaxed; to
disintegrate; to melt away VIII to settle ull stopping, putting up, staying;
down ( at a place); to occupy (mil., a descending, coming on, befalling,
territory); to assume, take over, occupy, overtaking; incarnation; setting in, advent,
hold, have ( a place, 198 a rank, an arrival (of a time, of a deadline),
office) ( al-makna l- beginning, dawn; substitution (for s.o.)
awwala) to occupy the foremost place; all pl. aill2 husband
( amlah) to take over s.o.s
alla pl. alil2 iI' wife
functions X to regard ( s.th.) as
permissible or lawful, think that one may ill outer opening of the urethra;
do s.th. ( ;)to regard as fair game, as easy urethra (anat.)
prey, seize unlawfully, misappropriate, maall pl. -t, mall2 place,
usurp ( s.th.) location, spot, site, locale, locality, center;
all pl. ull untying, (place of) residence; business; business
unfastening, undoing (of a knot); solution house, firm, commercial house; store,
(of a problem, of a puzzle, etc.); shop; object, cause (e.g., of dispute,
unriddling, unraveling, explanation; admiration, etc.); gear (automobile)
solution (chem.); dissolution, and see I and IV;
disbandment, breaking up (of all (maallah) in his (its) place; in
organization, etc.), abolition, cancellation, his (its) place, in his (its) stead, instead of
annulment; release, freeing, liberation; him; to be in the right place; to
decontrol, release, unblocking (e.g., of a be appropriate, expedient, advisable; to be
blocked sum); discharge. clearing, justified, warranted; improper,
exoneration, exculpation; absolution misplaced, unsuitable, ill-suited; out of
(Chr.) soluble, solvable; O place; inappropriate, inexpedient,
( aif) spectral analysis; inopportune; dafa maallah
ahl al-. wa-l-aqd or ( rab) to be convenient, be most opportune;
influential people, those in power; ( maalla) there is no room for ... ; it
is out of place, quite dplac; m.
al-amal place of employment;
m. al-iqma (place of) residence, address;
( tijr) business house,
commercial house; solution (liquid; chem.)
(ummya, tijrya) public utilities and
commercial houses; ism al-m.
firm; m. ruhnt pawnshop;
m. as-siyfa travel
agencies; m. muraibt
refreshment parlor; m. al-lahw
and m. al-malh (pl. )
amusement center; m. niz object
199 of controversy, controversial matter;
l ar m. li-ajabin I dont see
see any reason for amazement, there is
nothing to be astonished about; m.
naar s.th. deserving attention, a striking,
remarkable thing
maall local; native, indigenous;
parochial; pl. local news, local page
(of a newspaper)
maill due date; date of delivery
maalla pl. -t way station,
stopping place, stop, stopover,
encampment; camp; section, part, quarter
(of a city) ( kubr) Mahalla el
Kubra (city in N Egypt)
tall dissolution, resolution,
breaking up, decomposition, specification,
detailing, analyzation; (pl. tall2)
analysis (chem.); absolution (Chr.)
in detail; mamal t. excelling or outstanding in
laboratory for chemical analyses;
( kahrab) electrolysis; foenum-graecum; bot.); tonic, prepared of
( ) )nafs) psychoanalysis yellowish grains, for women in childbed
tall analytic(al)
taallul dissolution, breakup;
separation, disengagement, disassociation
inill dissolution, breakup,
decomposition; disintegration; decay,
putrefaction; slackening, exhaustion,
prostration, weakness, impotence
itill occupation (mil.)
occupation forces
itill occupying, occupation
(used attributively); advocate of foreign
occupation
mall solved; dissolved,
resolved, broken up; loose; untied,
unfastened, unfettered, free, at large;
weakened, prostrate, exhausted, languid;
m.
a-aar with loose, disheveled hair
muallil analyzer
munall solved; dissolved,
resolved, broken up; disbanded; languid,
prostrate, weak; permitted, allowed
juy mutalla occupation
forces
2
2
laba i u (alb) to milk ( an animal)
alaba d-dahra aurah
he has seen good and bad days V to run,
drip, trickle, ooze, seep, leak; to water.
drool (mouth, with appetite)
( afwh) making the mouth water,
appetizing; ( al-lubu f
fam) my mouth was watering VIII to milk
( an animal) X do.; to squeeze juice (
from)
alb milking
alab milk
alba pl. alabt race track; arena;
dance floor; race horses . ar-
raq dance floor; he is
not made for that, he doesnt belong there,
it is not in his line; a master of,
ulba fenugreek (Trigonella
(eg., syr.)
alb milk laban .
cows milk (eg.)
alb lactiferous
(baqara) milk cow; ( miya)
dairy cattle
allb milker
allba milkmaid, dairymaid;
dairywoman; milk cow 200
malab mahaleb (Prunus mahaleb;
bot.)
lib ureter
 mustalab emulsion s.o.) swear, exact an oath ( from s.o.); to
m. al-lauz almond milk
2
alab2 Aleppo
iltt, altt asafetida (Ferula assafoetida;
bot.)
alaja i u (alj, alj) to gin (
cotton)
alj ginning (of cotton)
alj ginning (of cotton); ginned
(cotton)
ilja cotton ginners work or
trade
allj cotton ginner
milaj, milaja pl. esparto
malij2 cotton gin
malaj pl. malij2 cotton
ginnery
alala to remove, drive away, shove
away II taalala to stir from ones place;
to move, stir, budge
alazn snail; spiral
alazna (n. un.) snail; spiral
alazn spiral, helical, volute,
winding
alisa a to remain, stay permanently ( at
a place), stick ( to a place)
i1s pl. als (with foll.
genit.) one addicted or given to s.th., one
adhering to s.th. a. al-lahw
people given to pleasure and amusement,
bons vivants, playboys
ils pl. als, uls alq shaving, shave; (pl. ulq,
saddle blanket
alas2, f. ulas2 bay,
chestnut (horse)
alafa i (alf, ilf) to swear ( by God)
( yamnan) to take an oath II to
make ( s.o.) swear; to put to oath, swear
in ( s.o.); to adjure, entreat earnestly (
s.o.) III to enter into a confederation, into
an alliance ( with s.o.), become an ally (
of s.o.) VI to commit one another by oath
( to do s.th.), join in alliance; to ally,
makc an alliance ( with) X to make (
adjure, entreat earllestly ( s.o.)
alf, ilf swearing, oath
taking the oath
ilf sworn alliance, confederacy,
league; federation; (pl. alf) ally
( aakar) military alliancc;
( alan) the Atlantic Pact
af pl. ulaf2 confederate;
ally; allied the Allies (pol.)
alfa pl. -t f. of
allf pl. allf2 (magr.,
eg.) wild boar; pig, swine
ulaf and alfa (bot.) alfa,
talf swearing in
lajnat at-t. the jury (in court)
mulafa alliance
taluf state of alliance; alliance,
treaty of alliance
muallaf sworn, bound by oath;
(pl. -n) juror (in court)
mutalif interallied, allied
alaqa i (alq) to shave ( the head, the
face); to shave off ( the beard) II to
circle in the air, hover; to fly, soar (bird;
airplane; and )over or above s.th.);
to round, make round, circular or ring-
shaped ( Sotho); to 201 ring, surround,
encircle ( s.o., s.th.); to clothe V to
form a circle, sit in a circle; to gather in a
circle ( around s.o.)
alq) throat, gullet, pharynx
alq guttural, pharyngeal
alaq rings, earrings
alqa, alaqa pl. alaq,
alaqt ring (also earring, etc.); link (of a
chain); circle (also of people); group of
students studying under a professor,
hence: lecture, course (e.g., at Al Azhar
University); part of a sequence or series;
ringlet; disk; decade; market .
an-najh life buoy, life preserver; Jl-
. al-ittil and . al-
wal connecting link ( between; fig.);
 the missing link, the ulum sexual maturity, puberty
intermediate form; to attain puberty
(umrih) in the sixth decade of his life, in ilm, pl. ulm, alm
his fifties; fish market; gentleness, clemency, mildness;
. al-qun cotton market forbearance, indulgence; patience; insight,
alaq annular, ring-shaped, discernment, understanding, intelligence,
circular reason simpleminded
people, simple souls
allq pl. -n barber
(i), . a-ia barber- alam (coll.; n. un. )tick; mite;
surgeon nipple, teat, mammilla (of the female
breast)
alq shaved, shaven, shorn
alam parasitic; mammillary,
allqa shaving, shave; barbers
nipple-shaped
trade bn al-. shaving
soap; barbershop; alm, pl. ulam 2 mild, mild-
qat al-. do.; O and O tempered, gentle; patient 202
safety razor lm, lm a kind of
milaq pl. maliq2 straight Egyptian cheese
razor
lim pl. -n dreamer
talq flying, flight (of all aircraft;
mutalim sexually mature,
and over a country); take-off (of
pubescent, marriageable
an airplane)
( and )aluwa u, aliya a, al u (
min liq from above
alwa, ulwn) to be sweet; to
ulqm pl. alqim2 throat, gullet be pleasant, agreeable ( to s.o.)
rat al-. a kind of sweet he enjoyed the thing; it
made of cornstarch, sugar, mastic and pleased him that ..., he was delighted
pistachios (eg.) that ...; ( asabam) at his
discretion, as he pleases; -- al i to
alika a (alak) to be pitch-black, deep-
adorn, grace; -- aliya a to be adorned
black XII ilaulaka do.
( with) II to sweeten (II s.th., e.g., a
alak intense blackness beverage with sugar); to adorn, bedeck,
ulka intense blackness embellish, attire, furnish, provide (
s.o., s.th., with) V to adorn o.s., be
alik pitch-black, deep-black; adorned, decked out, embellished, graced,
gloomy, murky endowed, furnished, provided ( with) X
ulka gloominess, darkness; to find sweet or pleasant, like ( s.th.), be
blackness delighted ( by)
lik pitch-black, deep-black; alan sweetness, pleasantness
gloomy, murky ulw sweet; pleasant, nice,
alama u to dream ( or of; of charming, delightful, pretty a
being, becoming, doing, etc., in the gifted raconteur, amusing, entertaining;
future); to muse, reflect, meditate ( on ( gudda) pancreas (anat.)
s.th.); to attain puberty; -- aluma u to be aly pl. uly piece of jewelry,
gentle, mild-tempered VIII to attain trinket
puberty
ilya pl. ilan, ulan
ulm, pl. alm, dream; pl. decoration, embellishment, finery;
irreality, utopia ornament
ulm dream- (in compounds), of alwa pl. alwa candy,
or pertaining to dreams confection, confectionery, sweetmeats
 fi.alwa'2 candy, confection, con ( tfya) typhoid fever, typhus fever;
fectionery, sweetmeats . d-diqq hectic fever; .
r-rib quartan fever; relapsing
alwayt (and eg. alawyt) fever; or
sweets (in general); sweet pastry; candies, (afr, afrwya) yellow fever;
confectionery, sweetmeats . l-gibb tertian fever;
alwa sweetness; candies, (famya) anthrax;
confectionery, sweetmeats; grace, (qirmizya) scarlet fever; . l-
gracefulness, charm, refinement, qa hayfever; ( qulya) foot-
wittiness, wit; present of money; ransom and-mouth disease;
( ummuya) a sweet made (mukkya, aukya) cerebrospinal
of roasted chick-peas; meningitis; ( mutamawwija)
(ahnya) a sweet made of sesame-seed undulant fever, Malta fever, brucellosis;
meal; ( lauzya) a sweet made of ( nifsya) puerperal fever,
almonds childbed fever; O ( namaya)
spotted fever
ulwn present of money,
gratuity, tip umm feverish, febrile, fever- (in
compounds)
alwn and alw
confectioner, candy dealer; pastry cook, amm (coll.; n. un. )pl. -t,
fancy baker amim2 dove, pigeon carrier
pigeon; bugloss, oxtongue
m uail oh, how sweet is ..., (Anchusa officinalis; bot.)
oh, how sweet he is!
imm (fate of) death
taliya decoration, embellishment,
ornamentation ammm pl. -t bath; swimming
pool; spa, watering place .
muallan sweetened; decorated, ams sunbath; ( barya)
embellished, adorned, ornamented ( seaside resorts
with)
1
amm pl. aimm2 close
am pl. am father-in-law; pl. friend; close, intimate; -- hot water
relatives of the wife by marriage, in-laws
of the wife aamm2, f. amm2, pl.
umm black
amh pl. amawt mother-
in-law; see also 1 and 2 miamm hot-water kettle, caldron,
2
boiler
uma see 2
3
istimm bathing, bath
amma u (amm) to heat, make hot (
s.th.); pass. umma to be feverish, have a mamm feverish, having a
fever ( umma) that was decreed fever; frantic, hectic
to him, that is his lot, his destiny II to 1
amaa a to clean out, dredge ( a well)
heat, make hot ( s.th.); to bathe, wash (
ama, ama mud, mire, sludge
or s.o. or s.th.) IV to heat, make hot (
2
s.th.) X to bathe, take a bath amia to be or become angry, furious,
mad ( at s.o.)
amma hot spring
amama ( amama) to neigh,
umma blackness, swarthiness,
whinny (horse)
dark coloration; fever
amama neigh(ing), whinnying,
umam (n. un. )charcoal; anything
whinnies
charred or carbonized; ashes, cinder; lava
imim oxtongue, bugloss
umma f., pl. ummayt
(Anchusa officinalis; bot.)
fever, fever heat and
 amida a (amd) to praise, commend, umr red, red color(ation),
laud, extol ( s.o. for, s.th.) II to redness
praise highly ( s.o.) umaira redstart (zool.)
amd commendation, praise, ammr pl. donkey driver
laudation al-amdu lillh thank
God! praise be to God! praised be the amar2, f. amr2, pl.
Lord! umr red, red-colored, ruddy; rosy, pink
infrared;
amd praiseworthy, laudable, the Red Sea; the Red Cross;
commendable; benign, harmless (disease)
( maut) violent death;
amd praiseworthy, laudable, ( haw) sexual intercourse;
commendable, praised (the two red ones, i.e.) wine and meat;
amad2 more laudable, more ( the black and the red, i.e.)
commendable all mankind; lipstick

a-ara al-amadya amr2 smut, rust (disease

affecting cereals); Alhambra, the
Mohammedan Law
Citadel of Granada
mamada pl. mamid2
yamr red; deer, roe, roebuck;
commendable act; pl. praises,
wild ass; hemoglobin (physiol.)
encomiums
imirr reddening, blush(ing),
mamd praised; commendable,
laudable, praiseworthy redness, red coloration; erythema (med.)

muammad praised; muammar roasted

(bais) fried potatoes
commendable, laudable
muammad pertaining or amaza i (amz) to bite, or burn, the
tongue (taste)
attributable to Mohammed
amdala to pronounce the formula amisa a to work with zeal, be zealous,
eager, ardent, be or become enthusiastic,
"Praise be to God!
get all worked up, get excited, be filled
amdala the formula ( see with fanatic enthusiasm V = I; to be
above) overzealous or over-enthusiastic ( in
II to redden, color or dye red ( s.th.); to s.th.); to advocate fervently ( s.th.),
roast ( s.th.); to fry ( s.th.); to brown ( throw o.s. wholeheartedly behind s.th. ()
flour in preparing a roux) IX to turn red, amis and amas2
take on a reddish color, redden, blush 204 unflinching, staunch, steadfast, ardent,
umar asphalt eager, zealous, stout, hearty; fiery,
enthusiastic, full of enthusiasm
umar asphaltic, asphalt, tar,
tarry ams, and amsa
enthusiasm, fire, ardor, fervor, zeal,
umra redness, red color(ation), fanaticism
red; rouge (cosm.); brick dust, brick
rubble; erysipelas, St. Anthony's fire ams enthusiastic, ardent,
(med.) fiery, zealous, fanatic; stirring, rousing,
thrilling, electrifying
imr pl. amr, umur,
amira donkey, ass . taammus unflinching zeal,
al-wa and ( wa) wild ass, enthusiasm ( for), fanaticism
onager; samm al-. oleander mutaammis enthusiastic,
(Nerium oleander; bot.) ardent, fiery, zealous, fanatic; an ardent
imra pl. amir2 she-ass, follower, a fanatic adherent, a fanatic
female donkey
 amaa u to excite, irritate, infuriate, amqn dumb, stupid, silly,
enrage ( s.o.) foolish; angry, furious
ama catgut (med.)
amala i (aml) to carry, bear ( s.th.); to
1
II to roast; to fry, broil (A s.th.) lift, pick up ( s.th. in order to carry it),
immi, immma; (colloq.) load up and take along ( s.th.): to hold (
s.th., in ones hand); to carry on or with
ummu (coll.; n. un. )chick-pea
one. take or bring along ( s.th.); to
2
Mm,' Homs (the ancient Emesa, city in transport, carry, convey ( s.th.); to bring,
oentral Syria) take ( or s.th. to s.o.); to take upon
amua u ( uma) to be or o.s. ( instead of or for s.o., a burden),
become sour II to make sour, sour, carry, assume ( the burden, of s.o.
acidify, acidulate ( s.th.); to develop ( a else), relieve ( s.o. from s.th.), take (
photographic plate, a film; phot.); to cause a burden, a grievance, etc.) from s.o. (
( s.th.) to oxidize ;)to extend, show, evince, cherish,
ha.rbor ( a feeling, toward s.o.); to
amaa pl. am acid become or be pregnant ( by s.o.): to
(chem.) ( baul) uric acid bear fruit (tree); to induce, cause, prompt,
ajar am citrus trees get ( s.o. to do s.th.), make s.o. ( )do
s.th. ( ;)to convert, bring around, win
amya pl. -t citrus fruit 205 over ( s.o. to ones opinion),
humma sourness, acidity convince ( s.o. of ones opinion);
muwallid al-. oxygen to attack ( s.o.), also
(chem.) (amlatan) to launch or make an attack
on; to know by beart ( a book); to relate,
amm, ummai sorrel
refer ( s.th. to). bring ( s. th.) to
(bot.)
bear ( upon s.th.), link, correlate, bring
tam souring, acidification; into relation ( s.th., with); to trace,
development (phot.) trace back ( s.th. to); to ascribe,
im jocular language, joking attribute, impute ( s.th. to s.o.); to
remark make ( a word) agree grammatically (
with another) to feel
sour, acid; acidulous; (pl. annoyed, be in a melancholy mood, feel
awmi) acid (chem.) . al- blue; to pull o.s. together,
fam carbonic acid: ( kibrt) brace o.s.; ( mamali) to take
sulphuric acid s.th. to mean , interpret or construe s.th.
amiqa a and amuqa u (umq, in the sense of , as if it were ...;
amqa) to be stupid, silly, foolish, to misinterpret, misconstrue s.th.;
fatuous; to become angry or furious II and ( mamala l-jidd) to take s.th.
IV to regard ( s.o.) as a fool, consider ( seriously, take s.th. at face value II to have
s.o.) dumb, stupid, idiotic n pretend to be or make ( s.o.) carry or bear ( s.th.),
stupid VII to become angry or furious X load, burden, charge, task ( s.o. or s.th.
to consider ( s.o.) dumb, stupid, idiotic with), impose ( on s.o. s.th.) V to
hear, assume, take upon o.s. ( s.th., e.g.,
umq stupidity, silliness, an-nafaqt the expenses, al-
foolishness, folly maslya the responsibility); to bear up (
amqa stupidity, silliness, under), bear, stand, sustain, endure,
foolishness, folly; anger, wrath tolerate, stomach ( s.th.); to undergo,
umq, amq smallpox, variola (med.) suffer ( s.th.); to be able to stand ( s.o.)
or put up ( with s.o.); to set out, get on
amaq2, f. amq2, pl.
ones way; to depart VI to maltreat, treat
um(u)q, amq, amq
unjustly ( s.o.), be prejudiced, be
dumb, stupid, silly, foolish, fatuous; fool,
biased, take sides ( against s.o.); to
simpleton, imbecile
struggle to 206 ones feet, rise with great imla work and trade of a porter
effort ( nafsihi) to brace or carrier
o.s.; to pull o.s. together, take heart, pluck
ammla (carrier) beam, girder,
up courage VIII to carry, bring ( s.th.);
support, base, post, pier, pillar; suspenders
to carry away, take away, haul off, lug off ( adr) brassiere
( s.th.); to suffer, undergo, bear, stand,
endure, sustain ( s.th.); to allow, permit, umla pl. -t load capacity, load
suffer, tolerate, brook, stomach ( s.th.), limit, capacity; tonnage (of a vessel);
acquiesce ( in), put up, bear ( with portage, freightage, transport charges; (pl.
s.th.); to hold ( s.th.), have capacity ( amil2) family (Ir.)
for); to imply that s.th. ( )is possible, mamal see amala; also
permissible, or conceivable; ( m. il-jidd) to take s.th.
yatamilu and (pass.) yutamalu (it is) seriously
bearable, tolerable; (it is) conceivable,
possible, probable, likely mamil (colloq. mamal) pl.
mamil2 camel-borne litter; mahmal, a
aml carrying, bearing; richly decorated litter sent by Islamic
inducement, prompting, encouragement rulers to Mecca as an emblem of their
(of s.o., to); delivery; transport, independence, at the time of the hadj
transportation, conveyance; portage,
carrying charges; -- (pl. aml, taml burdening; encumbrance;
iml) foetus; pregnancy imposition; loading, shipping, shipment
adam al-. sterility (of a woman) tamla pl. tamil2
iml, aml pl. aml cargo, suppository (med.)
load, burden aml ayy pay load, taammul taking over, assumption
commercial load, live load; (of burdens); bearing, standing,
mayyit) dead load; dead weight (arch.); sufferance, endurance; durability;
( muwzin) counterpoise, strength,hardiness, sturdiness, solidity (of
counterweight a material)
amal pl. umln, tamul prejudice, bias, partiality;
aml lamb; (unconsecrated) Host intolerance
(Chr.Copt.); Aries, Ram (astron.)
itiml bearing, standing,
amla pl. amalt attack ( on); suffering, sufferance, toleration;
offensive; campaign; military expedition; probability, likelihood, potentiality
expeditionary force ( tadbya) ( ab) hard to bear, oppressive
punitive expedition; m
(ifya) press campaign; mil pl. amala porter,
(istikfya) reconnaissance raid (mil.); carrier; bearer (of a note, of a check, etc.;
motorized detachment (mil.); of an order or decoration); holder (of an
( intikbya) election campaign identification paper, of a diploma, of a
207 certificate); holding device, holder,
amal pl. -ya ambulant water clamp, fastener, hold, support (tech.);
vendor fighter ( against), (pl. awmil2)
aml foundling; guarantor, pregnant courier, .
warrantor al-ashum shareholders; the
publicists, the writers; .
amla al a burden to, kalm allh one who knows the Koran by
completely dependent upon heart; ( tayyr) carrier current
aml long-suffering; gentle, (el.), ( maujt) carrier waves
mild-tempered (el.)
amnl pl. -n, porter, carrier mila pl. -t device for carrying,
carrier map case;
. irt aircraft carrier
 maml carried, borne, bearable,
tolerable; load weight, service weight,
cargo; tonnage (of a vessel); predicate,
attribute (logic), subject (logic) 1
( muh) motorized infantry
(mil.); airborne troops
(mil.)
muammal loaded, laden, heavily
charged, burdened ( with), encumbered (
by)
mutamal bearable, tolerable;
probable, likely
amlaqa ( amlaqa) to stare, gaze (
or at)
imaly Himalaya
1
am (construct state of am) and
amh see 1
2
)and ( amiya a to be or become
hot; to glow (metal); to flare up; to fly into a
rage, become furious ( at)
fierce fighting broke out II to make hot,
heat ( s.th.), to heat to glowing ( metal); to
fire up ( a stove); to kindle, inflame, stir up,
excite ( s.th.); to bathe (= 3 II) IV to make
hot, heat ( s.th.)
amw heat . an-nl
prickly heat, heat rash, lichen tropicus
(eg.)
umw heat
uma pl. -t, uman sting,
stinger (of insects); prick, spine (of plants)
amy hot, glowing; heated, exited
umm see 3
amya zeal, ardor, fervor;
enthusiasm, ardent zeal, fanaticism;
violence, vehemence; passion, rage, fury;
heat of excitement; temper, temperament
( qaumya) chauvinism
umayy heat; excitement,
agitation; enthusiasm; fire, passion,
impetuosity, vehemence; fury, rage; wine
amwa heat
maman fire chamber, furnace (of
a stove, oven, etc.)
min hot; heated, violent, fierce
(e.g., a battle); glowing, passionate, fiery;
burning
am i (amy, imya) to defend,
guard ( s.o., s.th., against), protect,
shelter, shield ( s.o., s.th. from); to
deny ( the patient) harmful food (;
= to put him on diet); to forbid ( s.o. to
do s.th.) III to defend ( s.o. or s.th., also,
of a lawyer in court); to shield, protect,
support ( s.o. or s.th.), take up the cause
of (), stand up for ( )VI to keep away
( from), shun, avoid ( s.th.) VIII to
protect o.s. ( from s.th., from s.o.),
defend o.s., cover o.s. ( with s.th.), seek
protection, seek shelter or refuge ( with
s.o., also from)
iman protection; defense;
sanctuary
imya that which is defended; diet
208
imya pl. -t protection,
patronage, sponsorship, auspices;
protectorate (pol.)
mumh defense (jur.); legal
profession, practicing of law
aiat al-m. the bar
itim seeking cover, seeking
protection; cover, shelter, protection
min pl. umh protector,
defender, guardian; patron
(daula) protecting power (of a
protectorate)
miya pl. -t patroness,
protectress; garrison (mil.)
mamy protected ( by); being
under a protectorate, having the status of a
protectorate ( minaqa)
protectorate (country)
mamya pl. -t protectorate
(country; pol.)
mumin pl. mumn
defense counsel, counselor-at-law, lawyer,
barrister, attorney (at law), advocate
mumiya woman lawyer
mutamin one who seeks
protection; protg; being under a
 protectorate, having the status of a
protectorate
2
amh Hama (city in W Syria) see
anna i ( ann) to long, yearn, hanker
( for), crave ( s.th.); -- ( anna,
ann) to feel tenderness, affection,
sympathy ( for s.o.); to sympathize,
commiserate ( with), feel compassion (
for); to pity ( s.o.), have mercy (
on) II to move, touch, fill with tenderness,
soften, fill with compassion ( qalbah
s.o.s heart); to blossom, flower, be in
bloom (tree) V to feel sympathy, feel pity,
feel compassion ( for s.o.),
commiserate ( with s.o.); to be tender,
affectionate
anna sympathy; commiseration,
compassion, pity; favorable aspect,
advantage
ann sympathy, love, affection,
tenderness; commiseration, compassion,
pity; annaika have pity! have
mercy!
anna compassion, pity,
commiseration
ann longing, yearning,
hankering, nostalgia, craving, desire
ann affectionate, loving, soft-
hearted, tenderhearted, compassionate,
merciful; tender, soft, gentle, kind,
moving, touching (voice)
annn affectionate, loving,
tender; compassionate, sympathetic
tinn attachment, devotion,
loyalty
taannun tenderness, affection,
sympathy
II to dye red ( s.th., with henna)
inn henna (a reddish-orange
cosmetic gained from leaves and stalks of
the henna plant) ab l-. robin
(redbreast); ( colloq. tamr el-
inna) henna plant (Lawsonia inermis;
bot.)
look up alphabetically
anbal Hanbalitic, of or pertaining to the
madhab of Amad ibn anbal; puritanical,
strict in religious matters; (pl.
anbila) Hanbalite
anita a (int) with or : to
break ones oath V to practice piety,
perform works of devotion; to seek
religious purification; to scorn sin, not
yield to sin
int pl. ant perjury; sin 209
anjara pl. anjir2 larynx, throat
unjr pl. anjr 2 larynx,
throat
anjala to prance (horse); to caper,
gambol II taanjala to dance, caper,
gambol, frisk
indis pl. andis2 dark night
andaqq (bot.) melilot, (yellow) sweet
clover (Melilotus)
ana pl. an snake
II to embalm ( a corpse); to stuff ( a
carcass)
ina wheat
ina embalming
taannu mummification
muanna mummified
arabat al-anr, victoria, light
carriage. designed for two passengers
anal (coll.; n. un. )colocynth
(Citrullue colocynthis; bot.)
anafa i to turn or bend sideways
anf pl. unaf2 true
believer, orthodox; one who scorns the
false creeds surrounding him and
professes the true religion; true (religion)
( din) the True (i.e., Islamic)
Religion, also ( sam)
anaf pagan, heathen, idolater
(Chr.); Hanafitic (see ( ;)pl. -n)
Hanafi
anafya paganism, heathendom
(Chr.); Hanafitic madhab (an orthodox
school of theology founded by Abu
Hanifah); -- (pl. -t) faucet, tap; hydrant
 al-anfya the True (i.e., from); to bow ( to s.o.); to lean, incline (
Islamic) Religion or ;over s.th., toward s.o.,
anaf2 afflicted with a distortion toward s.th.); to devote o.s. eagerly ( to
of the foot s.th.); to contain, harbor ( s.th.)
( ul, ign) I
aniqa a (anaq) to be furious, mad, harbor no grudge, I feel no resentment
angry; to be annoyed, exasperated,
anw bending, deflection, flexing,
peeved, irritated ( or at, by), be
flexure, curving, curvature, twisting,
resentful ( or of) IV to infuriate,
turning
enrage, embitter, exasperate, irritate (
s.o.) inw pl. an bend, bow, turn,
twist, curved line, curve, contour; pl. ribs
anaq fury, rage, ire, wrath, anger,
in her bosom
exasperation, resentment, rancor
unuw sympathy, compassion,
aniq furious, mad, angry;
tenderness, affection
resentful, bitter, embittered, annoyed,
exasperated, peeved any bending, deflection, flexing,
flexure, curving, ourvature, twisting,
niq furious, mad, angry;
turning
resentful, bitter, embittered, annoyed,
exasperated, peeved anya bend, turn, curve
(ayh) weary of life, dispirited, dejected; anya pl. any arc; camber,
( nis) misogynist curvature in his bosom;
muannaq infuriated, enraged; in his heart, deep inside him
embittered, bitter, angry, exasperated,
inya curving, curvature,
resentful
twisting, turning, bending
anaka i u, II and IV to sophisticate, make
see below
experienced or worldly-wise through
severe trials (said of fate, time, age) manan pl. manin
curvature, bend, flexure, bow, turn, curve
anak pl. ank palate
inin bend, deflection,
anak palatal
curvature; curve; arc; inclination, tilt;
unk, ink and unka worldly how, curtsy
experience, worldly wisdom gained inina (n. vic.) bow, curtsy
through experience, sophistication
al-awn the longest ribs; (fig.)
muannak experienced, worldly wise, breast, bosom bi-mili .
sophisticated ( mubannak) (they shouted) at the top of their lungs,
shrewd, smart, sharp with all their might
( and ( an u and an i to many bowed, inclined (head);
bend, curve, twist, turn; to lean, incline ( bent, curved, crooked
or toward s.o.); to feel for s.o. (
), sympathize ( with s.o.), munanin bent, curved, crooked,
commiserate, pity ( s.o.), feel twisted; inclined, bowed
compassion, feel pity ( for s.o.); to munanan pl. munanayt
bend, bow, flex, curve, crook ( s.th.) IV bend, flexure, deflection, curvature; turn,
to bend, bow, tilt, incline ( s.th.; e.g., twist, break, angle; curve (of a road, end
rasah ones head); to sympathize ( math.); slope
with s.o.), feel compassion, feel
pity ( for s.o.), commiserate, pity ( nt pl. awnt2 store, shop;
s.o.) VII to bend, curve, twist, turn; to be wineshop, tavern
winding, be tortuous, wind, meander (e.g.,
a road); to turn, deviate, digress (
 nt pl. -ya (eg.) corpse jyyt everyday commodities,
washer; undertaker, mortician, utensils, utilities, necessaries, necessities
gravedigger in greater need ( of s.th.); more
aww2 Eve necessary
V to abstain from sin; to lead pious itiyj want, need, requirement,
life; to refrain, abstain ( from s.th.) (pre)requisite, necessity; pl. -t needs,
necessities, necessaries
auba sin, offense, misdeed,
outrage mawj2 (pl. of muwij)
needy, poor, destitute people
aub2 soul
pl. tn, awt fish; whale; mutj in need, in want ( of
s.th.), requiring ( s.th.); poor, destitute,
Pisces, Fishes (astron.) .
sulaimn salmon indigent
aujala pl. awjil2 phial (chem.)
IV awaja to have need, stand in need, be
in went ( of s.th.), need, require, went ( ) )da u (aud) to turn aside, turn
s.th.); to put ( s.o.) in need of (), away ( from), turn ( off) II to turn
make necessary ( for s.o. s.th.), require off, take a turning
( of s.o. s.th.), compel, oblige ( s.o. ( auda) turn, turning
to); to impoverish, reduce to poverty (
s.o.) ( awajah) how much ) )da u (aud) to urge on, spur on (
he .tends in need of ...! how urgently he animals) IV do. X istawada to
needs ...! VIII to have need, stand in need, overwhelm, overcome, overpower (
be in went ( of; also ), need, want, s.o.; esp. emotions), get the better of (
require ( s.th. s.o.) ), gain mastery ( over); to seize (
on), take possession ( of), usurp (
auj need, want, lack, deficiency,
s.th.)
destitution
d coachman, cabman, driver
ja pl. -t need ( or of);
necessity, requirement, prerequisite; dya coachmans work or trade
natural, bodily need; pressing need, ) )ra u to return ( to); to recede,
neediness, poverty, indigence, destitution; decrease, diminish, be reduced ( to) II
object of need or desire; desire, wish, to change, alter, amend, transform,
request; necessary article, requisite; reorganize, remodel, modify ( or
matter, concern, business, job, work; s.th.); to roll out ( dough); to make
thing, object; -- pl. awij2 needs white, whiten ( s.th.); to bleach ( a
211 necessities, necessaries; everyday fabric) III to talk, convene, have a
objects, effects, belongings, possessions, conversation ( with s.o.); to discuss,
stuff; clothes, clothing ) ) debate, argue IV (with jawban) to
to stand in need, be in want of (s.th.), answer, reply (with negations only) V to
need, require (s.th.); ( ) )jata) be altered, changed, amended,
is not necessary, not required, there is transformed, reorganized, remodeled,
no need of ...; I dont need it; modified VI to carry on & discussion
if (or when) necessary, if need
be, in case of need; ( gairi awar white poplar (also
jatin) unnecessarily; the pronounced aur); bark-tanned sheepskin,
essentials; maall al-. the basil; marked contrast between the white
essential passage, the gist, the substance, of the cornea and the black of the iris
the crux, the interesting part (of an hra pl. -t quarter, part, section
exposition); sadda jatah to (of & city); (Tun.) ghetto; lane, alley, side
meet s.o.s needs, provide for s.o.s needs; street (with occasional pl. awr
qa jatah to fulfill s.o.s . as-sadd blind alley, dead-end
wish; to relieve nature street
 awr2, f. aur2, pl. unite ( with); to side ( or with),
r having eyes with a marked contrast of
white and black, (also, said of the eye:)
intensely white and deep-black
awra (awart) cretaceous
rook; chalk
awr pl. -n disciple, apostle
(of Jesus Christ); disciple, follower
awr cretaceous rock; chalk
rya pl. -t, r houri, boundary, city limits
virgin of paradise; nymph; (pl. -t) young
locust water nymph, nixie
aurn2 the Hauran, a
mountainous plateau in SW Syria and N
Jordan 212
miwar pl. mawir2 rolling
pin; pivot, core, heart, center; axis; axle,
axletree
mar (coll.; n. un. )oysters;
shellfish, mussels; mother-of-pearl, nacre
mara (n. un.) oyster; oyster
shell, mussel; trowel
tawr alteration, change,
transformation, reorganization, reshuffle,
remodeling, modification
iwr talk, conversation, dialogue;
argument, dispute; text (of a play); script,
scenario (of a motion picture)
muwara talk, conversation,
dialogue; argument, dispute
tawur discussion
( and ( za u (auz, iyza) to
possess, own, have ( s.th.); to gain, win,
get, receive, obtain, achieve, attain (
s.th., e.g., success, victory, etc.); to gain
pos....ion. gain control ( of s.th.), seize,
monopolize ( s.th.); -- za i ( aiz)
to drive on, urge on ( camels) V
taawwaza and taayyaza to writhe, twist,
coil; -- taayyaza to stay away, keep
away, seclude o.s., isolate o.s. ( from);
to be disposed, incline, tend, lean (
toward); to join ( s.o. or s.th.); to side (
with), take sides ( in favor of)
VII to isolate o.s., seclude o.s. separate,
segregate, disengage o.s., dissociate o.s.,
stay away, keep away, retire, withdraw (
or from); to join ( S.o. or s.th.); to
take sides ( or J in favor of) VIII to
possess, own, have ( s.th.); to take
possession ( of s.th.); to keep, prevent,
hinder ( s.o. from)
auz possession, holding, tenure;
obtainment, attainment, acquisition;
taking possession, occupation, occupancy;
(jur.) tenancy; -- (pl. awz)
enclosed area, enclosure; precinct(s),
auz possessor, tenurial
auza possession, holding, tenure;
property; area, territory or
f . yadih in his possession;
the defense of Egyptian
territory
ayyiz, aiz pl. ayz scope,
range, reach, extent, compass, confines,
field, domain, realm; sphere
( yadkul) it is not within the
bounds of reason; ( to
advance to the realm of fact, i.e.) to
become a reality; f . il-
imkn within the realm of possibility,
quite possible
iyza possession, holding,
tenure; taking possession, occupation,
occupancy; acquisition of title, acquisition
of the right of possession; obtainment,
attainment, acquisition
taayyuz partiality; prejudice, bias
iniyz isolation, seclusion,
retirement; partiality; prejudice, bias
iz possessor, holder, tenant
mutaayyiz partial, prejudiced,
biased
munz secluded, retired,
withdrawn, removed ( from); an
outsider, a stranger ( to)
VIII (eg.) to be in a quandary, waver,
hesitate
1
) )a u (au) to round up, drive
into a trap ( game); to stop, check,
prevent, hinder ( s.th.), stand in the way
( of); to hold back, stem, stave off (
s.th.) II to gather, collect, amass,
accumulate, pile up, hoard ( s.th.); to
 save, put by ( money); to find ( s.th.) s.th.), wall in ( s.th.); to encircle,
213 surround ( s.th.), close in from all sides (
au p1. aw, n on s.th.) III to try to outwit, dupe, or
outsmart ( s.o.); to mislead, lead astray,
enclosure, enclosed area; courtyard
seduce ( s.o.) IV to surround ( s.o., s.th.,
awa mob, rabble, riffraff also s.o., s.th., y with); to encompass,
wild; unusual, odd, queer, enclose, embrace, comprise, contain (
strange s.th., also ;)to ring, encircle ( s.o.,
s.th., also s.o., s.th., with s.th.),
usb al- Passion Week close in from all sides ( on); to know
(Chr.) thoroughly, comprehend, grasp
2
see a lillh = completely, understand fully ( s.th.), be
familiar, be thoroughly acquainted (
with) ( ilman) to know s.th.
awa squinting of the eye (caused by thoroughly, have comprehensive
constant exposure to glaring light) knowledge of s.th.; to take cognizance,
awa2 f. au2, pl. take note of s.th.; he informed
having narrow, squinting eyes him of ..., he let him know about ... ; he
brought ... to his notice V to guard, protect
iya girth
(.., 6 s.o., s.th.); to take precautions (
aua, auala craw (of a bird); with regard to), attend ( to); to be
bladder; pelican careful, be cautious, be on ones guard
(marrya) gall bladder, bile (anat.) VIII to be careful, be cautious, watch out,
uwaisil blister, bleb, vesicle; be on ones guard; to take precautions,
water blister make provision ( for, so as to ensure ... );
to surround ( s.o., s.th.); to guard,
uwaisila pl. -t blister, bleb, protect, preserve ( s.th. from), take
vesicle care ( of), attend ( to), look after (),
au pl. aw, iy see to it ( that)
basin; water basin; trough, tank, cistern, a, aa, aua
reservoir, container; basin of a river or cautiousness, caution, provident care,
sea; pool; (in the Egyptian irrigation prudence, circumspection
system) a patch of land surrounded by (atahu) to be on ones guard, take
dikes, flooded by high water of the Nile; precautions; thoughtlessly,
pond; pelvis (anat.); (garden) bed; dock; unthinkingly, inadvertently
pl. ( iy) ground, area, domain (to
be protected), sanctum ( jff) iya guarding, custody,
dry dock; ammm bathtub; protection, care 214
( awwm) floating dock; taw encirclement
to assume the defense of s.o., make
ia encirclement,
o.s. the champion of s.o.; to defend o.s.;
encompassment; comprehension, grasp,
( dabba) to defend the
understanding, knowledge, cognizance (
faith; coal and iron
of s.th.), acquaintance, familiarity (
deposits
with); information, communication
O uwaia renal pelvis (anat.)
taawwu provision, care,
) )a u (au, aia, attention, precaution, prudence; pl. -t
iya) to guard, protect ( s.o., s.th.), precautionary measures, precautions
watch ( over s.o., over s.th.), have the
itiy caution, cautiousness,
custody ( of); to attend ( to), take
prudence, circumspection, carefulness;
care ( of), look after s.th. ( ;)to
provision, care, attention, precaution,
surround, encircle, enclose, encompass (
prevention; pl. -t precautionary
s.o., s.th.) II to build a wall ( around
measures, precautions as a
 precaution, out of precaution, to be on the ) )ka u (auk, iyk,
safe side iyka) to weave ( s.th.); to interweave (
s.th.); to knit ( s.th.); to braid, plait (
ihiy precautionary;
s.th.); to contrive, devise, hatch, concoct (
prophylactic; preventive; replacement;
s.th.; e.g., ruses, intrigues, pretexts),
spare- (in compounds); reserve- (in
think up, fabricate, create ( s.th. in ones
compounds); stand-by; reserve funds,
imagination)
capital reserves (fin.); reserve (mil.)
( abs) detention pending iyka weaving; knitting;
investigation; precautionary braiding, plaiting
measures, precautions ( quwt) ik pl. ka weaver; --
reserves (mil.); capital reserve, (mor.) an outer garment made of a long
reserve fund; ( crude-)oil piece of white woolen material, covering
reserves body and head
pl. n, iy, ( and ( la u to change, undergo a
awi2 wall . al-mabk change, be transformed; to shift, turn,
Wailing Wall (in Jerusalem); ( pass, grow ( into s.th., also ), become
or) alq (araba) bih ( s.th.); to deviate, depart ( from, e.g.,
ura l-i to make little of s.th., scorn, a commitment), dodge, evade, fail to meet
disdain, despise s.th.; to reject s.th., ( s.th.); to elapse, pass go by (time); -- (
discard s.th., throw s.th. overboard; to ailla) to prevent ( s.th.); to
ruin, thwart, foil s.th. intervene, interfere, interpose, come (
wi (eg.) clever, smart, shrewd between) ( ahd) to withdraw
from a contract;
mu surrounding ( s.th.);
comprehensive; familiar, acquainted ( to make s.th. inaccessible to s.o.,
with); -- (pl. -t) circumference, impossible for s.o.; to bar or obstruct
periphery; extent, range, scope, compass, s.o.s way to s.th.; to prevent s.o. from
reach, domain, area; milieu, environment, s.th., deny s.o. s.th.;
surroundings; ocean; pl. (ifq) to resist compassion, deny o.s. any
surroundings, environment sympathy II awwala to change ( or
(alan) the Atlantic Ocean; s.th. to s.th. else), transform,
( di) the Pacific Ocean transmute, convert, turn, make ( or
s.th. into s.th. else); to transplant (s.th.);
muluiJ surrounded ( by) to transfer ( s.th.); to convert ( s.th.,
mutaawwi cautious, prudent, mathematically); to switch commutate (
provident, circumspect, careful, watchful current; el.); to convert, transform (
current; el.); to shunt ( a railroad car); to
auf edge, rim, brim, brink; border, hem, switch ( a railroad track); to remit, send,
fringe transmit ( s.th., e.g., money by mail,
fa pl. -t, awfin border, to s.o.); to pass on, hand on ( s.th. to
rim, brim, brink, verge; edge; fringe, hem s.o.); to forward ( s.th. to s.o. or to an
within it, in it, therein address); to endorse ( a bill of exchange,
a promissory note); to direct, turn ( s.th.,
) )qa u (auq) to surround, enclose, also naratan a glance, to or
infold, embrace ( s.o.. s.th.) II = I ( toward); to divert, distract, keep ( or
s.o., s.th.) s.o. or s.th. from); to turn away, avert (
1
auqala ( auqala) to pronounce baarah one's eyes from); to
the formula: ( see turn off, switch off, disconnect ( current;
aul) el.) ( daffa) to turn the helm,
2 change the course III (wala to try,
auqala pl. awqil2 phial
attempt, endeavor ( s.th., to do s.th.),
(chem.), Florence flask
make an attempt, make an effort ( to do
s.th.); to seek to gain ( s.th.) by artful
means; to deceive by pretenses, make expression or phrase (gram.); pl.:
excuses, hedge, dodge IV to change conditions, circumstances; matters, affairs,
or s.th. to), transform, transmute, concerns; cases; la (prep.) during;
turn, make ( or s.th. into); to immediately upon, right after; just at; in
convert, translate ( or s.th. into); case of , in the event of ;
to transfer ( s.th.); to remit, send ( s.th. lan presently, immediately, at once,
or to s.o.); to assign ( s.o., s.th., right away, without delay; now, actually,
or to s.o.); to turn over, hand over, at present and on the spot, at
pass on ( or s.o. or s.th. to); to once, immediately; ( kulli lin)
forward ( s.th. to); to refer ( s.o. and ( ayyi .) in any case, at any
to); to cede, transfer ( a debt, to s.o.; rate, anyhow; ( yabq) it
jur.) ( )( ula, ma) remains unchanged, just as it is;
and ( taqud) he was in some case or other, anyway, if
pensioned off; the occasion should arise, possibly; (with
bill was protested (fin.) V taawwala to neg.) by no means, under no
change, undergo a change; to be changed ( circumstances, not at all, in no way;
to), be transformed, be transmuted, be bi-ayyi . with neg.: by
converted ( into), become ( s.th.), no means, not at all, in no way;
turn, grow ( into), transform ( -- or the same goes for ..., it is the same with
from -- into), change, develop, evolve ( ; it is also the case with ...;
-- from to); to withdraw, go away, as is the case with; how are you?
leave; to move ( to a residence); to turn a thing in itself, a separate,
away ( from), turn ones back ( on); independent thing; ( jawwya)
to deviate ( from); to depart, digress, atmospheric conditions;
stray ( from the way); to ( akya) courts dealing with vital
renounce, forgo, relinquish, disclaim statistics; )or)
(s.th.); to proceed slyly or cunningly personal statute; noun referent
to employ every conceivable of a circumstantial phrase (gram.);
trick; -- taayyala to employ artful means; ar . application, memorial, petition;
to ponder ways and means ( to an end, in , see
order to attain s.th.) VI tawala to try,
lama (conj.) as soon as
endeavor, take pains ( to do s.th.),
strive ( for); -- tayala and VIII to ala pl. -t condition, state;
employ artful means, resort to tricks, use situation; (possible, actual) case; lata
stratagems ( against s.o.); to deceive, (prep.) during lata an (conj.)
beguile, dupe, cheat, outwit, outsmart ( whereas; under these
s.o.); to be out ( for s.th.) or achieve ( circumstances, such being the case, things
s.th.) by artful means, by tricks VIII to being as they are; ( lati) in (the)
work or strive (on ones own resources), case of ..., in the event of , e.g.,
make efforts (on ones own) IX ( giybih) in case of his absence,
awala to be cross-eyed, to squint X to ( wafh) in case of death;
change ( to, into), turn, be transformed, in this (that) case; li-lati an
be converted ( into); to be in case that , in the event that ;
transubstantiated (bread and wine, into if; if as is the case with
the body and blood of Christ; Chr.); to ; ( ijtimya) marital status;
proceed, pass on, shift, switch ( to s.th. ( jawwya) atmospheric
new or s.th. different); to be impossible ( conditions; . al-kaar stand-by,
for s.o.); to be inconceivable, absurd, alert, state of alarm; the status
preposterous quo; . a-awri state of
emergency; ( talabbus)
l m. and f., pl. awl flagrante delicto (jur.);
condition, state; situation; position, status; (madanya) civil status, legal status;
circumstance; case; present, actuality (as s al-. predicament, plight
opposed to future); circumstantial
 l present, current, actual,
existing; momentary, instantaneous;
lyan at present, actually
(ra) snapshot (phot.)
lya actuality, topicality,
timeliness
aul pl. awl year; might,
power l aula wa-l
quwata ill bi-llh there is no power and
no strength save in God; transmutation; prevention ( of s.th.)
(wa-l lata) he is completely powerless,
he can do nothing, he is at the end of his
resources
iwal change of place, change
( yabtagna) they dont want
it otherwise, they ask for it
aula (prep.) around, about; circa,
about, some, approximately, roughly (with
following number); about (esp. in news
headings, approx. = re, concerning)
( aulih) (= )around him (or it),
about him (or it); ( aulaihim)
around the two of them, about them; from
their vicinity, from their surroundings
(dual)
aul periodic, temporary, interim;
one year old (animal), yearling; young
animal; lamb, wether
iyal cunning, crafty, wily, sly,
tricky, foxy
ayal2 craftier, wilier
awal squinting, strabismus
awal2, f. aula2 aul2, pl.
l squinting, squint-eyed, wall-eyed,
walleyed
ul change, transformation,
iwl obstacle; partition, screen
iyla (prep.) in view of ..., with
regard to , in the lace of, opposite, in
front of, before
awla pl. -t assignment, cession
(jur.); bill of exchange, (promissory) note,
check, draft , money
order; . safar travelers check
awl (prep.) around, about;
circa, approximately, roughly, about,
some (with following number)
ailla separation, interruption,
disruption; prevention ( of s.th.)
l maalla = ( see below)
mula roller, wheel (of a draw
well)

O aulyt yearbook, annals (= l malata minhu it is

Fr. annales, as a scientific publication) inevitable; there is no doubt about it; (also
alone) most certainly, positively,
ail strength, force, power, vigor absolutely, by all means
( standing) upright, erect;
( qwata) completely helpless and tawl transformation,
paralyzed transmutation, conversion ( into s.th.);
change, alteration, modification;
la pl. iyal, ayl2 artifice, transplantation; transposition, reversal,
ruse, stratagem, maneuver, subterfuge, inversion, translocation, dislocation,
wile, trick; device, shift; a 217 means to displacement; transfer, assignment;
accomplish an end; expedient, makeshift, conversion (e.g., of currency); conversion,
dodge, way-out; legal stratagem (for the transformation (of electric current); O
purpose of in fraudem legis agere) transfer (fin.; also t. ad-dain);
whats to be done! ( lata) remittance (of money), transmittal,
I have no possibility to , I am in no sending, forwarding; bill of exchange,
position to ; ( bi-yad) I can promissory note, draft (com.); check;
do nothing, I can get nowhere; endorsement (com.); c.o.d., cash on
lam yajid latan ill he couldnt do delivery
anything except , he had no other (qbilyal al-mla, ajnabiya)
choice than ; ( ayathu) he was convertibility of currency
at a loss, he was at the end of his wits
 tawla pl. tawl2 branch, mul transferor, assignor (Isl.
offshoot; siding, sidetrack (railroad); side Law)
canal (irrigation; Eg.); switch (railroad) mul inconceivable, unthinkable,
muwala pl. -t attempt, try; impossible, absurd, preposterous,
effort, endeavor;. recourse to expedients, unattainable
shifts, or dodges, dodging, hedging mutaawwil changeable,
( aytih) attempt on s.o.s variable, changing ( ayd)
life, murderous assault the movable feasts (Chr.)
ila transfer, conveyance, mutl artful, cunning, deceitful,
assignment; remittance; forwarding, treacherous, perfidious, fraudulent;
referring ( or to a competent swindler, cheat, impostor, fraud; crook,
authority); transmission, transmittal; O scoundrel; assignee (Isl. Law)
transfer (fin.); cession, assignment (Isl. debtor of a ceded claim, transferee (Isl.
Law); absurdity with Law)
reference to; magistrate sitting
at defendants arraignment, trial judge; mustal impossible, absurd,
( )( ma) and preposterous; impossible things,
( taqud) pensioning off impossibilities, absurdities
taawwul change, transformation, ( ( ma u (aum, awamn) to
transmutation; abrupt change, sudden turn, circle, hover. glide (in the air; of a bird,
reversal; shift, transition; departure, also of an aircraft); to hover, swarm, buzz
deviation, digression ( from); ( and around)
renunciation ( of) nuqat (ubha, iddah) suspicion concentrated
at-t. turning point on him, he was suspected II to circle in the
air; to hover in circles, to circle; to go
taayyul use of tricks, trickery 218 around, revolve (thoughts and images, in
tayul and itiyl use of ones head or mind); to browse ( in a
tricks, trickery; cunning, craft, subtlety, book)
artfulness; malice, treachery, perfidy; auma pl. -t turmoil of battle,
deception, fraud thick of the fray; main part, bulk, main
tayul and itiyl body; (tun.) quarter, section (of a city)
fraudulent, e.g., ( ifls) and see
fraudulent bankruptcy
see
istila change, transformation,
transmutation, turn, shift, transition; aw i to gather, collect, unite ( s.th.);
transubstantiation (Chr.); impossibility, to encompass, embrace, contain, hold,
inconceivability, absurdity, enclose, comprise, include ( s.th.); to
preposterousness possess, own, have ( s.th.); to clasp (
s.th., the hand) V to curl (up), coil (up)
il pl. awil obstacle, VIII to encompass, embrace, contain,
obstruction, impediment ( on the way hold, enclose, comprise, include ( or
to s.th., -- see la I); barrier; s.th.); to possess, own, have ( or
partition, screen, folding screen; -- (pl. s.th.)
uwwal) changeable, variable,
frequently changing; feeble, languid, wan, awya convolution, coil, curl,
pallid roll; pl. awy intestine, bowels,
entrails
muawwil pl. -t converter,
transformer (el.); endorser iwya pl. -t (eg.) wase round
pad to support a burden on the head or on
muawwila switch (railroad) the back
muawwal alaihi c.o.d., cash
on delivery; collected on delivery
 win pl. uwh snake
charmer; juggler, conjurer, magician
mutawayt content(s) (of a
book. of a receptacle) the chemistry
innermost thoughts. the secrets of the
heart
( ( ayiya, ayya yay ( ay shame, diffidence,
ayh) to live; ayya to live to see,
experience, witness ( s.th.), live (
through a time) li-yay 219 l-
malik long live the king! ayiya
yay ( ay) to be ashamed ( of;
because of) II ayy to keep ( s.o.)
alive, grant ( s.o.) a long life; to say to
s.o. ( :( may God preserve your
life!; to greet, salute ( s.o.) IV ay to
lend life ( to s.o., to s.th.), enliven,
animate, vitalize, endow with life, call
into being ( s.th.), give birth ( to); to
revive, reanimate, revivify ( s.th.), give
new life ( to); to put on, produce, stage,
arrange ( e.g., a theatrical performance, a
celebration, and the like); to celebrate (
s.th., also a festival) ( dikr) to
commemorate (a deceased person),
observe the anniversary (of s.o.s death);
( lail) to burn the midnight oil, ( tadyya) mammals;
( altan) to spend the night in
prayer; ( sahrata) to perform in
the evening (of an artist);
(aflatan) to give a performance; to
perform at a celebration (artist);
qad ayat il-firqatu talta
laylin the theatrical troupe gave three
evening performances X istay to
spare s.o.s ( )life, let live, keep alive (
s.o.); istay, ista to be
ashamed ( to face s.o.; of s.th., because
of s.th.); to become or feel embarrassed (
in front of s.o.), be embarrassed (
by); to be bashful, shy, diffident
ayy pl. ay living, live,
alive; lively, lusty, animated, active,
energetic, unbroken, undaunted,
undismayed; living being, organism; tribe,
tribal community; block of apartment
houses; section, quarter (of a city)
ilm al-ay biology; ilm staging. conducting, putting on, 220
al-lam houseleek tree (Sempervivum
arboreum L.; bot.)
ayya: ayya al - gen.) in commemoration of , in
alh come to prayer!
ayya pl. -t snake, serpent, viper
O ay biologic(al); (pl. -n)
biologist ( kmiy) bio-
ayy bashful, shy, diffident,
modest
bashfulness, timidity; shyness
shameless impudent; qillat al-.
shamelessness, impudence
ayh pl. ayawt life; life-
blood; liveliness animation .
ar-rf country life, rural life;
(mma) public life; family life;
mustaw l-. living standard; O
ilm al-. biology
ayaw lively, full of life, vital,
vigorous; vital, essential to life
ayawya vitality, vigor, vim
ayawyt:
(mawdd mudda) antibiotics
ayawn pl. -t animal, beast;
(coll.) animals, living creatures
(mujtarra) ruminants; ( ufail)
parasite; ilm al-. zoology
ayawn animal (adj.);
zoologic(al)
ayawnya bestiality; animality,
animal nature
uwayyin pl. -t minute animal,
animalcule
ay livelier; more vigorous, more
vital
taya pl. t, tay greeting,
salutation; salute; cheer (= wish that God
may give s.o. long life)
tayatan li-dikrhu in order to keep his
memory alive, in remembrance of him;
( askarya) military salute
iy animation, enlivening; revival,
revitalization, revivification; arranging,
holding (of a celebration) i.
ad-dikr commemoration (of a deceased
person); I (iyan) (with foll.
 memoriam ...; i. al-mawt
cultivation of virgin land
istiy shame; diffidence,
bashfulness, timidity; shyness
mayyan face, countenance
as-sitt al-mustahya
sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica; bot.)
1
aitu (conj.) where (place and direction);
wherever; since, as, due to the fact that;
whereas; inasmuch as ( anna)
since, as, because, due to the fact that ... ;
in that ... ; wherever it be; in any
case, at any rate; il aitu where
(direction); to where , to the place
where ...; min aitu from where,
whence, wherefrom; where (place);
whereas; (with foll. nominative) as to, as
for, concerning, regarding, with respect to,
in view of, because of; min .
taqfatu with regard to education, as far as
education is concerned;
( yadr wa-l yadr) whether he
knows it or not, knowingly or without his
knowledge; ( with foll. perf.)
without (being, doing, etc.);
such, in itself, ( lam) the
world in itself, the world as such;
( anna) inasmuch as; in view of the fact
that; since, as, due to the fact that; bi-
aitu inasmuch as; in such a manner
that ..., so as to ...; so that ...; such as ...;
(he found himself) at a point or degree
where, e.g.,
(bara, tar) = she was so naive that she
couldn't see ...; insofar as ... not,
provided that not; ( anna) in
such a manner that ..., so as to ..., so
that ...
atum wherever, wheresoever
(place); wherever, no matter where ...
(direction) ( ittafaqa) anywhere,
wherever it was (or he), haphazardly, at
random
aitya pl. -t standpoint; view,
point, point of view, approach; aspect,
respect, regard, consideration; high social
standing, social distinction, dignity; pl.
also: considerations, legal reasons on
which the judgment is based, opinion
(jur.) ( ) )daw) or to); to waver (uncertainly) ( between)
people of (high) ( amrihi) to be confused,
social standing, prominent people, people
of distinction;
(ayawnya) from a zoological viewpoint
2
al-htyn the Hittites
( ( da i (aid, uyd,
ayadn, mad) to deviate, swerve,
depart, desist (If from); to leave, quit, give
up, abandon, relinquish ( s.th.);
to dissuade or get s.o. away from ... ; to
incline, tend ( to, toward), sbade,
blend ( into) II to keep aside, put
aside ( s.th.) III to stay away, keep apart
( from s.o., from s.th.); to avoid, shun (
s.o., s.th.) VII to depart, deviate,
digress, swerve ( from)
aid, ayadn deviation,
digression, departure, swerving, turning
aside, turning away
aida deviation, digression,
swerving, departure (from a course);
neutrality; impartiality aside,
apart, to one side
mad avoidance ( of s.th.)
( mada) it is unavoidable
iyd neutrality (pol.)
neutral; ( ka) derailment
(railroad) 221
iyd neutral (pol.)
muyada neutrality (pol.)
id neutral (pol.)
muyid neutral (pol.);
the neutrals (pol.)
mutayid neutral (pol.)
aidarbd2 Hydarabad
) )ra (1st pers. perf. )a (
aira, ayarn) to become confused;
to become or be helpless, be at a loss,
know nothing ( of, about); to waver,
hesitate, be unable to choose ( --
between - and) ( amrihi) to be
confused. baffled, bewildered, dismayed
to be at a loss, be at ones wits end II to
confuse, baffle, bewilder, nonplus,
embarrass ( s.o.) V to become confused;
to be or become dismayed, startled,
baffled, perplexed ( by), be at a loss (
 baffled, bewildered, disconcerted, be at a ( ( at i (ai, ma,
loss, be at ones wits end VIII = V ma) and V to menstruate, have a
monthly period
air fenced-in garden, enclosure
. al-ayawn zoological ai (n. un. )and iy
garden, zoo menstruation, monthly period
aira confusion, perplexity, i (f.) and menstruating
bewilderment, embarrassment, see
helplessness embarrassed, at a loss,
1
helpless ) )fa i (aif) to deal unjustly (
with s.o.), wrong, injure, harm ( s.o.);
airn2, f. air, pl. to restrict, limit, curtail, impair ( s.th.),
ayr, uyr confused, perplexed, encroach ( upon) V to 222 impair,
startled, dismayed, disconcerted, baffled, injure, prejudice, violate ( or s.th.),
Nonplused, bewildered, appalled, taken encroach, infringe ( or upon)
aback, stunned; embarrassed, at a loss, at
ones wits end; uncertain, helpless, aif wrong, injustice; harm,
sheepish (smile, etc.), confused, damage, prejudice what a pity!
incoherent (words, and the like) too bad! ( aifa) it is not out of
place, it is quite appropriate
taayyur confusion, perplexity,
2
bewilderment, dismay; embarrassment, aif Haifa (seaport in NW Israel)
helplessness ) )qa i to surround, beset from all
ir disconcerted, perplexed, sides ( s.o.); to fall, descend, come (
startled. dismayed; embarrassed, helpless, upon s.o., punishment), befall, overtake,
at a lost, at ones wits end; baffled, grip, seize, overcome ( s.o.), happen,
bewildered, confused, uncertain ( occur ( to); to penetrate, pierce ( the
about); straying, astray body; of a sword); to affect, influence (
(amrih) confused, baffled, bewildered, s.o., s.th.) IV to surround, beset from all
embarrassed, at a loss, helpless sides ( s.o.); to bring down ( upon
s.o. s.th.), cause s.th. ( )to descend (
muayyar embarrassed, at a loss,
upon s.o.)
helpless
aiq consequence, effect (of a
muayyir and mutr =
misdeed redounding upon the evildoer)
see
II to weave
see
see
) )a i (ai, aia,
aik = see
ma) to flee, escape ( s.th. or from
1
s.th.), run away ( from), turn ones back V, , , ,, etc., see ;
( on) VII do. see
2
ai, aia flight, escape yil2 Hail (town and oasis in N Nejd)
waqaa f aia baia ) )na i to draw near, approach, come,
to get into a bad fix, meet with difficulties arrive (time); to happen accidentally
the (right) time has come; now is the
see
time; the time has come for
ma flight, escape; place of him to ; ( am, an
refuge, retreat, sanctuary it yafham) havent they understood yet ...?;
is unavoidable; they ( minn iltifta) I happened to
couldnt but ..., they had no other turn around ( to), it just happened that
alternative but to ... my eyes fell on ( )II to set a time ( for
s.o.) IV to destroy, wipe out ( s.o.) V to
watch, wait ( fur a time or an
 opportunity) ( furata) to wait m (= )rabbi
for an opportunity, bide one's time X rin and rin (eg.) zinc
istayana to wait for the right time
zq pl. awzq2 post, stake,
n bar; cabaret pole; dirty trick thats tough
na pl. -t bar, wineshop, wine luck!
tavern; pub, tavern, taproom qn pl. awqn2 overlord, ruler,
ain death, destruction sovereign, monarch, emperor
n pl. ayn, ayn2 k earth-colored, khaki
time; propitious time, good time, see
opportunity; na (prep.) at the time of ...,
at, upon; (conj.) at the time when, when; m raw, unworked, unprocessed;
as soon as; nan for some time; once, untanned; linen; calico; (pl. -t) raw
one day; aynan occasionally, from material; inexperienced, green, untrained,
time to time, sometimes -- unskilled, artless, uncouth, boorish; pl.
sometimes -- sometimes, at times -- at raw materials raw leather;
times; at times, sometimes, once raw fibers; ( zait) crude
in a while; ) )f bai oil; ( sukkar) raw sugar;
l-a. and baa l-a. sometimes, (mawdd) the raw materials
occasionally, now and then, once in a n pl. -t hostel, caravansary; inn, pub,
while, from time to time, at times; tavern( all) district of Cairo
f aglabi l-a. mostly, most of the (center of art trade and market activity);
time, in most cases; for some time; Khan Yunis (town in Gaza
meanwhile, for the time being; sector)
then, at the time, in his (its) time; in due
time, at the appointed time; d l- pl. -at column (e.g., of a
na just now, right now; from newspaper); square (e.g., on a chessboard)
that time on, from then on; abba u (abb, abab, abb) to
until that time, till then; ( with foll. amble (animal); to trot (horse); to jog,
verb) whereas; and saunter (person), to sink ( in sand); -- u
(ni) at the same time when ..., while; (abb) to surge, heave, be rough (sea) V
whereas, also without , e.g., and VIII to amble (animal); to trot (horse)
al ni hum yazumna whereas
they, on the other hand, claim; abab amble; trot
abb, ibb heaving, surging (of the
(li-kara) and ( wa-kara) sea, rough sea
from time to time, now and then, once in a
abb impostor. swindler
while
abaa a and II to bide, conceal ( s.th) V
naidin at that time, then, that
to hide, conceal o.s.; to be hidden, be
day
concealed VIII to hide, conceal o.s.; to
nadka at that time, then, that disappear; to be hidden, be concealed
day
ib that which is hidden, a hidden thing
nam (conj.) while; when, as
aba pl. aby that which is
and see hidden; a hidden, secret thing; a cache
. l-ar that which is hidden in
the earth; natural resources
name of the letter maba pl. mabi2 hiding place;
tn pl. awtn2 lady, socially hide-out, refuge, haunt, retreat; cellar,
prominent woman zahrat al- shelter, air-raid shelter
. little blue flower of the steppe (syr.)
 ib pl. abia, abiya tent; test ( s.o., s.th.); to have tried, have
husk, hull (of grain) experienced, know by experience (
bia, iya pl. awb2, s.th.); to know well ( s.th.) X to inquire (
awbin large vessel, cask, jar of s.o. about), ask ( s.o. about)
abar pl. abr news;
muabbat hidden, secret things;
information, intelligence: report,
secrets
communication, message; notification;
mutabi hidden, concealed rumor; story; matter, affair; (gram.)
IV to be humble ( before God( predicate of a nominal clause; pl. annals
to inquire of s.o. about s.o.
abuta u (ubt, )to be bad; to be else; or
wicked, evil, malicious, vicious, (abari kana) to belong to the past, be
malignant VI to behave viciously, display pass, be no longer existent
malice; to feel awkward, feel embarrassed
ibra, ubr experience;
ubt badness, wickedness; knowledge
malignancy (e.g., of a disease); malice,
malevolence, viciousness kabr experienced, expert ( in);
familiar, conversant, well-acquainted (
abat refuse, scum, dross, slag with), cognizant ( of); the Knowing
abt pl. ubut, ubat2, (one of the attributes of God); (pl.
abt, abata bad, evil, wicked; kubar2) expert, specialist
malicious, vicious, spiteful; noxious, tax expert, tax adviser
injurious, harmful; malignant (disease); kbr pl. kawbr2 peg; pin;
offensive, repulsive, nauseating, wedge
disgusting (odor)
makbar sense, intrinsic
abat worse; more wicked significance; (pl: makbir2)
abta badness wickedness; laboratory
malice, malevolence, viciousness, mikbr pl. makbr2 test
malignancy tube (chem.)
abara u (ubr, ibra) to try, test ( mukbara pl. -t correspondence,
s.th.); to experience ( s.th.); to have (esp. written) information (in classified
tried, have experienced, know by ads: please write to ..., please
experience ( s.th.); to get to know contact ...), notice, notification,
thoroughly, know well ( s.th., s.o.); communication telephone
abura u to know thoroughly ( or call, telephone conversation;
s.th.), be fully acquainted ( or with (krijya) long-distance call;
s.th.) II to notify, advise, apprise, inform, (sirriya) secret communiqu;
tell ( s.o., of or about) III to write ( to qalam al-m. intelligence bureau;
s.o.). address ( s.o.), turn, appeal ( to ( uryan) apply in person (in
s.o.), contact ( s.o.) in writing; to classified ads)
negotiate, treat, parley ( with s.o.) IV to
notify, inform, apprise, advise ( s.o. ikbr notification, information,
of), let know, tell ( s.o. about); to communication, note, message; report;
communicate, report, relate ( to s.o. indirect discourse, oratio obliqua (gram.)
s.th.), tell ( s.o. s.th.) V to inquire ( of ikbr news-, information- (in
s.o.), ask ( s.o.) VI to inform one another, compounds)
notify one another; keep one another
takbur negotiation;
informed; to correspond, write each other;
to negotiate, treat, parley ( with s.o., correspondence
about) VIII to explore ( s.th.), search ( iktibr pl. -t exploration, study;
into), seek information ( about); to test, examination; test; test item (of an
examine ( s.o., s.th.); to try, put to the examination); trial, testing; (scientific)
 investigation, research, experiment; bump (against); to struggle, resist; to
experience, empirical knowledge; grope about, fumble about; to be lost,
practical experience wander around, stray; to stir, bustle
(tarrya) written examination items; kabta blow, stroke; rap, knock;
( dt) personal experience; noise, din, uproar
experimentally;
on probation, on trial; kub insanity, madness, mental
experimental fields disorder
iktibr experimental; kabala u (kabl) to confound, confuse,
experiential; empirical mess up, complicate ( s.th.); to hinder,
impede, handicap, stop, hold back ( s.o.);
ihtibrya empiricism to befuddle ( s.o.), confuse s.o.s ( )mind,
istikbr pl. -t inquiry rob ( s.o.) of his senses make ( s.o.)
information bureau crazy; -- kabila a (kabal, kabal) to get
confused; to be or become mentally
mukbir pl. -n reporter; detective
disturbed, crazy, insane II to confound,
muktabar pl. -t laboratory confuse ( s.th., s.o.); to complicate,
kabaza i (kabz) to bake ( bread) VIII do. entangle, mess up, muddle, throw into
disorder ( s.th.); to rob of his senses,
kubz pl. akbz bread drive insane ( s.o.) VIII to become
kubza loaf of bread muddled, disordered (mind)
kubza pl. -n, baker kabl, kabal confusion; mental
disorder, insanity
kubbaz, kubbaiz,
kubbaz mallow (bot.) kabil mad, crazy, insane;
feebleminded, dim-witted
kibza bakers trade, art of baking
akbal 2 mad, crazy, insane; feeble-
makbaz, pl. makbiz2 minded, dim-witted
bakery
iktibl mental disorder
kabaa i (kab) to mix, mingle, intermix
( s.th. with) II to mix, mingle, makbl mad, crazy, idiotic,
intermix ( s.th.); to muddle, jumble, imbecilic, mentally deranged, insane;
confuse ( s.th.), make a mess ( of) muddlehead, dolt, fool
kabl, medley, mess, makbal confused. baffled,
mishmash, hodgepodge; a jellylike perplexed, dismayed; muddled, confused,
sweet mixed up
kabb one who causes ( ( kab u (kabw, kubw) to go out, die
confusion, who messes things up; an (fire)
irresponsible, light-minded person and pl. see
kabaa i (kab) to beat, strike ( s.th., pl. see
against s.th.); to knock, rap ( on, on
the door); to stamp ( the ground; of kibyr caviar
animals) ( kaba aw) katara i (katr) to betray ( s.o.), act
he acts haphazardly, he proceeds rashly or perfidiously, disloyally ( toward s.o.); to
at random V to beat, strike, hit ( s.o.); to deceive, cheat, dupe ( s.o.)
bring down, fell, knock out, throw to the
katr disloyalty, breach of
ground ( s.o.); to bump, hit ( against),
collide ( with), stumble ( over); to be confidence, perfidy, treachery, betrayal,
deception
lost, wander about, stray; to grope about,
fumble about; to struggle, resist; to clatter kattr traitor, disloyal person,
over the ground, gallop (horse) VIII to cheat, swindler
 ktir treacherous, perfidious, termination; epilogue (of a book);
disloyal final stage
katala i u (katl, katalan) to dupe, gull, mukattam ringed, adorned with a
cheat, double-cross, deceive ( s.o.) III to ring or rings (hand)
deceive, cheat, dupe ( s.o.); to behave muktatam end, close, conclusion,
hypocritically VIII = I termination
katl and muktala deception, 1
katana i (katn) to circumcise ( a boy)
trickery, double-dealing, duplicity, VIII pass
duping, gulling
katn circumcision
muktil deceitful, crafty, wily,
foxy katan pl. aktn son-in-law
bridegroom
katama i (katm, kitm) to seal, provide
with a seal or signet ( s.th.); to stamp, kitn, kitna circumcision
impress with a stamp ( s.th.); to seal off, 2
look up alphabetically
close, make impervious or inaccessible (
s.th.; also the hearts, said of God); to katara u and katira a to become solid,
put ones seal ( on), conclude, terminate become thick, solidify, thicken; to be or
( s.th.); to wind up, finish, complete ( become viscous, syrupy; to clot, coagulate
s.th.); to close, heal, cicatrize (wound) V (liquid); to curdle (milk) II and IV to
to put on or wear a ring (( thicken, inspissate, condense, coagulate (
(dahab) to wear a golden ring VIII to liquid); to curdle ( milk) V = I
conclude, finish, terminate, wind up ( O katra thrombosis (med.)
s.th.)
kutar dregs (of a liquid); scum of
katm sealing; -- (pl. aktm, the earth, riffraff, mob
kutm) seal, signet, seal imprint; stamp,
stamp imprint; also = ( see below) kutra dregs (of a liquid);
postmark, (postal) cancellation sediment, lees 227
stamp; am al-k. sealing wax takattur coagulation O ( mukk)
katma pl. katamt recital of the cerebral thrombosis
entire Koran, esp. on festive occasions ktir thickened, inspissated, condensed;
2
ktam, ktam pl. kawtim seal viscous, ropy, sirupy; curdled, coagulated,
ring, signet ring; ring, finger ring; seal, clotted; yoghurt, curd
signet; stamp k. zawj mukattar thickened, inspissated,
wedding ring; k. an-nabyn the condensed; viscous, ropy, sirupy; curdled,
Seal (i.e., the last) of the Prophets = coagulated, clotted
Mohammed
kajila a (kajal) to become embarrassed; to
2
ktm pl. kawtm seal ring, be ashamed ( of s.th. or to face s.o.), be
signet ring; ring abashed ( by s.th.), feel embarrassed (
kitm sealing wax; end, close, about s.th. or in front of s.o.) II and IV to
conclusion, termination at the shame ( s.o.); to embarrass, abash, put to
end, at last, finally, eventually shame ( s.o.)

kitm final, concluding kajal shame ( at); bashfulness

( kalima) concluding speech
iktitm end, close, conclusion,
termination
ktima pl. kawtim2,
kawtm2 end, close, conclusion,
diffidence, timidity, shyness; abashment;
disgrace, shame, ignominy ( la-l-
kajal) O disgrace! the shame of it!
kajil abashed, embarrassed;
bashful, diffident, shy, timid; overgrown
with luxuriant, profuse vegetation; long
and flowing (garment)
 kajl abashed, ashamed, shame-
faced; shy, bashful, diffident, timid
kajaln abashed, ashamed,
shamefaced; shy, bashful, diffident, timid;
bewildered with shame, embarrassed
makjl ashamed, shamefaced
mukjil arousing shame, shameful;
shocking, disgraceful, ignominious
( a) the pudenda
kadda u to furrow, plow (a the ground) V to
be furrowed; to become wrinkled (akin)
kadd pl. kudd cheek; lateral
portion, side ara kaddah to
put on a contemptuous mien
kadd and kudda pl. kudad
furrow, ridge, groove, rut
ukdd pl. akdd2 furrow,
ridge, groove, rut; trench, excavation
mikadda pl. makadd2 cushion,
pillow; seat cushion
kadj premature child
kdir limp, languid; benumbed,
torpid, dazed; hidden in his den, lurking
(lion)
kdira chrysalis (of a caterpillar;
zool.)
mukaddir anesthetic, painkilling,
tranquilizing; (pl. -t) an anesthetic; a
narcotic, drug, dope
mukaddar numb, torpid,
insensible; (eg.) tipsy, fuddled, drunk
mukaddira girl kept in seclusion
from the outside world 228
kadaa i (kad) to scratch ( s.th.); to
maul, lacerate, tear to pieces ( s.th.); to
violate ( the rules of decency, s.o.s
honor, and the like); to disturb ( the
peace); to ruin, sully, run down (
sumatah s.o.s reputation) II to scratch (
s.th.) j to maul, lacerate, tear to pieces (
s.th.); to violate ( the rules of decency,
s.o.s honor, etc.); to ruin, sully, run down
( sumatah s.o.s reputation)

kidj abortion, miscarriage kad pl. kud, akd

kadira a (kadar) to be numb, prickle,
tingle (leg, arm); to be or become limp,
benumbed, paralyzed; -- kadara u to
confine to womens quarters, keep in
seclusion ( a girl) II to numb, benumb,
stupefy ( s.o., a s.th.); to anesthetize,
narcotize, put to sleep ( s.o., s.th.;
med.); to confine to womens quarters,
keep in seclusion (la a girl) IV to make
torpid, stupefy, benumb, deprive of
sensation, narcotize ( s.o., s.th.) V to be
numbed. be stunned, be stupefied, be
deprived of sensation; to come to rest,
calm down
kidr pl. kudr, akdr, sharper
akdr2 curtain, drape; womens
quarters of a tent; boudoir, private room
(of a lady)
kadar and kudra numbness,
insensibility (esp. of a limb gone to sleep);
daze. torpor, stupor
kadir numb (limb); benumbed,
torpid, dazed
takdr anesthetization,
narcotization
scratch, scratch mark; graze, abrasion
kadaa a to cheat ( s.o., out of s.th.);
to deceive, mislead, dupe, gull ( s.o.);
pass. kudia to be mistaken, be wrong (
about); to fail to see clearly ( with
regard to), get the wrong impression (
of s.th.) III to cheat, dupe, deceive, take in
( s.o.); to try to deceive or double-cross (
s.o.) VII to let o.s. be deceived, be
deceived, deluded, misled ( by); to be
mistaken, be wrong
kuda pl. kuda, -t deception,
cheating, swindle
kudaa impostor, swindler, cheat,
saww akdaah to crush
s.o.s pride, humble s.o.
kada pl. kadi2 deception,
deceit, betrayal, treachery, perfidy,
trickery, imposture
kadd impostor, swindler,
sharper, cheat, crook; deceptive, delusive
kaida fata morgana, mirage
 akdi2 swindles, underhand
dealings, crooked practices; phantoms,
phantasms, delusions
mika, mukda, makda pl.
makdi2 small room, chamber, cabinet;
bedchamber
kid deception, deceit, swindle,
imposture, betrayal, treachery, perfidy,
trickery, duplicity
kid deceitful, fraudulent;
deceptive, delusive, fallacious
mukdi swindler, impostor,
cheat, sharper, crook
kadala a to stiffen, become rigid; to
become numb, torpid, limp
kadama i u ( kidma) to serve, be at
service, do service; to have a job; to work;
to wait ( on s.o.); to serve ( s.o., s.th.);
to render a service ( to s.o., to s.th.),
stand up ( for s.o.) to till or
cultivate the soil; domestic servant, maid; woman attendant
(kidamtin katratan) he rendered him
many services; ( rikba) to be
at s.o.s beck and call;
(malia) to serve s.o.s interests;
( quddsa) to celebrate Mass (Chr.)
II to employ, hire ( s.o.), engage the
services ( of s.o.); to give work ( to s.o.),
provide work ( for) X to employ, hire,
take on ( s.o., for s.th.), engage the
services ( of s.o. for s.th.); to put in
operation, operate ( e.g., a public utility);
to employ, use ( s.th., for), make use,
avail o.s. ( of s.th., for a purpose)
kadam servants, attendants
kidma pl. kidam, -t a service
(rendered); attendance, service; operation;
office, employment, occupation, job; work
in the service of s.th.;
at your service; friend, companion, confidant
(kidmatan) in the interest of truth, for the
sake of truth; '( askarya)
military service; ( ijbrya)
conscription, compulsory service;
( sirrya) secret service (pol.);
k. al-qudds celebration of Mass
(Chr.) 229
kaddm pl. manservant, servant,
attendant; woman servant, female
domestic servant, maid
kadma attendance, service;
employment, occupation, office, job
kaddma pl. -t woman servant,
female domestic servant, maid
takdm work, occupation or duty
of an employment agent ( mukaddim
see below) maktab at-t. labor
office, employment bureau
istikdm (putting into) operation;
use, utilization; employment, hiring (of an
employee); service, occupation, position,
job
kdim pl. kuddm,
kudama domestic servant, help;
manservant; woman servant; employee;
attendant; waiter; deacon (Chr.)
kdima woman servant; female
kdimya status of a servant
makdm pl. -n, makdm2
master, employer
makdma mistress, lady (of the
house), woman employer
makdmya status of the master
or employer
mukaddim pl. -n employment
agent
mustakdim pl. -n employer; --
mustakdam (colloq. mustakdim) pl. -n
employee, official
III to befriend ( s.o.), make friends ( with
s.o.); to associate socially ( with)
kidn pl. akdn (intimate)
kadn (intimate) friend,
companion, confidant
kidw, kudaiw khedive
kidw khedivial
X to submit, subject o.s.
mustakdi submissive, servile,
subservient, obedient
 kdrf pl. kadrf2 (spinning) 1
top
kudrf turbinate, toplike
kadafa i (kadf) to hurl away ( s.th.)
mikdafa sling, slingshot, catapult
kadala u (kadl, kidln) to leave,
abandon, forsake, desert, leave in the
lurch ( or s.o.); to stay behind; to
disappoint; pass. kudila to fail, suffer a
setback, meet with disappointment III to
leave, abandon, forsake, desert, leave in
the lurch ( s.o.) VI to let up, flag, grow
slack, languish, wane, decrease, fade,
grow feeble VII to be left in the lurch; to
be helpless; to be defeated; to meet with
disappointment
kidln disappointment
ta!:d4u.l fatigue, languor,
weakness, feebleness; relaxation,
lessening of tension; disagreement,
dissent, disunion
inkidl forsakenness,
desertedness, abandonment; defeat
mutakdil languid, weak, exhausted,
spent, effete
X to submit, subject o.s.
istikd subservience,
submissiveness, servility
mustakdin submissive, servile,
subservient, obedient
karra i ( karr) to murmur, bubble,
gurgle, purl (of running water); to ripple,
trickle; to snore; -- (karr, kurr)
to fall, fall down, drop; to sink to the
ground, prostrate o.s. fall
to the ground; ( baina yadaihi)
he prostrated himself before him;
( tata qadmnaihi) he fell at hill feet
karr purl, murmur, ripple (of water)
karia a ( kar) to evacuate the 2
bowels, defecate
kur and kar excrement, karrba pl. -t kharouba, a dry measure
feces
kursn2 Khurasan (province in NE karbaa to scratch; to scrawl, scribble
Iran)
karaba i (karb) to destroy, wreck,
demolish, shatter, devastate, lay waste (
s.th.); -- kariba a ( karb) to be or
become destroyed, ruined, waste, go to
ruin, fall apart, disintegrate II to devastate,
lay waste, destroy, wreck, demolish, ruin,
lay in ruins ( s.th.) IV = II; V to be or
become destroyed, ruined, waste, go to
ruin, Call apart, disintegrate
karb destruction, devastation
kurb hole; eye of a needle; anus
karib destroyed, demolished,
wrecked, devastated, waste; dilapidated,
tumble-down, ramshackle; broken, ruined,
out of order
kirba pl. kirab (site of)
ruins; ruin, disintegrating structure
karba, kurba irreligion,
lawlessness
kurba pl. kurab hole; eye of a
needle; anus
kariba (site of) ruins
karb ruin, ruination; state of
destruction or dilapidation; desolation; (pl.
akriba) (site of) ruins
karba pl. -t, karib2
disintegrating structure, ruin, ruins
karbn, kirbn destroyed,
wrecked, demolished, devastated, waste;
ruined, broken, out of order
takrb pl. -t devastation,
destruction, wrecking, demolition;
sabotage
amal takrb act of sabotage
krib annihilator, destroyer
mukarrib pl. -n annihilator,
destroyer; saboteur
mukrib annihilator, destroyer
karrb (coll.; n. un. )carob, locust;
carob bean, locust pod, St.-Johns-bread
(Eg.; = 1/16 . = l)
karbu pl. karb (syr.)
tent
 O mukarbat graffiti gather, deduce, infer ( s.th.); to explain,
karbaa to throw into disorder, interpret, expound, elucidate ( s.th.) IV
disarrange, confuse ( s.th.) to move out, take out, get out, bring out,
dislodge ( s.o., s.th.); to unload (
karbaqa to perforate, riddle ( s.th.); to s.th.), disembark, detrain, etc. ( s.o., e.g.,
spoil, mar ( s.th.) troops); to turn out, oust ( s.o.); to emit,
karbaq hellebore (bot.) send out ( s.th., e.g., electric waves); to
stick out ( e.g., the tongue); to fish out (
karata u (kart) to pierce, bore, perforate ( s.th. from the pocket); to bring out into
s.th.), make a hole ( in) the open, make public ( s.th.); to
kurt, kart pl. akrt, remove, extract ( s.th.); to eliminate (
kurt hole; bore, drill hole; ring, eye, s.th.); to expel, evict, exile, expatriate (
eyelet s.o., from a country); to dismiss, fire,
remove ( s.o., from an office);
kirrt experienced, practiced, ( tarwatih) to rob s.o. of his property,
skilled; guide dispossess, expropriate s.o.; to give off,
kartt rhinoceros sound, emit ( s.th., e.g., a tone; said of a
musical instrument); to set forth, state,
karaja u ( kurj) to go out, walk out;
express, utter, voice ( an opinion); to
to come out ( of), emerge ( from); to
break ( ran wind); to educate, bring
drive or ride out, go out (in a vehicle); to
up ( s.o.); to train ( s.o.); to stage,
flow out, exude, effuse; to go away,
produce ( a play; theat.); to bring out,
depart, leave, retire; to protrude, 231
make, shoot ( riwyatan a film, said
project, stick out; to leave ( s.th.); to
of a director); to except, exclude ( s.th.,
dismount, alight, disembark ( from), get
from); to pull out, extract ( s.th.); to
out, step out ( of); to emanate, issue,
select ( s.th.) V to be educated; to be
arise, originate, result ( from); to draw
trained ( in a school, college, also
away, segregate, separate, secede, dissent
in a field); to graduate ( from a school,
( from), disagree ( with); to deviate,
from a college, also )VI to part
depart ( from an arrangement, from a
company, separate; to disengage,
principle); to be an exception ( to); to
disassociate, withdraw from one another;
be outside a given subject (), go beyond
to cede, assign, transfer, make over (
a topic (), exceed ( a topic); to be
s.th. to s.o.) X to get out, move out,
alien ( to), be extraneous ( from), not
remove ( s.th., from); to take out,
to belong ( to), be not included ( in),
draw ( s.th., from); to pull out, extract
have nothing to do with ( ( it
( s.th., from); to mine, extract,
is limited to ..., it is nothing but ... ; to go
recover ( mineral resources); to win,
forth (into battle); to attack ( s.o., s.th.),
gain, make ( a product, from); to
rise, fight ( against); to rebel, revolt (
copy, excerpt (A s.th., from a book or
against); to violate, break, infringe (
document); to derive, draw, deduce, figure
a rule, a regulation); to
out, compute ( s.th. from); to elicit (
come up to s.o. with , confront s.o. with
s.th., e.g., astonishment, from s.o.); to
... ; to get out, bring out, take out ( s.o.);
find out, discover ( s.th.)
to turn out, oust, dislodge ( s.o.); to lead
away, dissuade ( s.o. from); to find karj expenditure, outlay,
out, discover ( s.th.) ( ka) expense(s), costs; land tax; s.th.
to be derailed, run off the track (train) II to appropriate or suitable, that which is s.o.s
move out, take out, dislodge ( s.o., due, which s.o. deserves, which s.o. needs;
s.th.); to turn out, oust, expel, evict, drive (eg.) ration (food); (pl. kurjat)
out ( s.o., s.th.); to remove, eliminate ( trimming; edge, edging, piping; pl. lace;
s.o., s.th.); to exclude, except ( s.th.); trimmings thats what you
to train ( s.o., in a skill, and the like); need, what you deserve; k. al-
to educate, bring up ( s.o.); to distill ( manaqa one who deserves to be hanged
s.th.); to pull out, extract ( s.th.); to
 kurj pl. kiraja saddlebag,
portmanteau 232
karja pl. karajt exit, departure;
protrusion, protuberance, projection,
salient part; (eg.) funeral
karj tax; kharaj, land tax (Isl.
Law)
karj of or pertaining to land
tax; of or pertaining to the taxed and
cultivable area
kurj (coll.; n. un. , pl. -t) skin
eruption; tumor, abscess
kurj exit; egression, emergence;
departure; exodus; emigration; raid,
foray, sortie ( against), attack,
assault ( on) ( ka) outside of, apart from;
derailment (of a train)
kirrj pl. -n graduate (of a school,
college, or university)
mutamar al-k. al-arab Congress of
Arab Graduates (a supra-national
organization of university graduates
advocating a unified Arab world)
makraj pl. makrij2 (place
of) exit; way out (of a difficult situation),
outlet, escape, loophole, shift, dodge,
excuse; articulation (of a sound); O
cathode (el.) phonetics boarding school, a day student
takrj education, training (in
schools, colleges); raising, upbringing,
rearing (of children); extraction;
derivation, deduction; interpretation,
exegesis
ikrj taking out, moving out,
removal; unloading, disembarkment,
detrainment; emission; moving, carting
away, hauling off; evacuation;
publication, publicizing, bringing before
the public; extraction, removal;
elimination; dismissal, removal (from an
office); ousting, expulsion, eviction,
expatriation, banishment (from a country);
excretion (biol.); finding out, discovery,
figuring out; training, formation,
education; direction, production, staging
(motion pictures, theater)
(tawall) to have the, direction (motion
pictures, theater); ... directed by
(motion picture)
takarruj graduation (from a
school or college)
takruj separation, disassociation,
disengagement, (mutual) withdrawal
istikrj taking out, moving out,
pulling out, removal; withdrawing;
extraction, derivation, gaining (of
industrial products, etc.), mining, recovery
(of mineral resources); preparation of an
extract; excerpting, copying; deduction,
inference; solution (of a problem)
krij outer, outside, outward,
exterior; external, foreign j outside,
exterior (n.); foreign country or countries;
quotient (arith.); karija (prep.) outside,
out of krijan outside
abroad, in
foreign countries; outside;
abroad, to foreign countries; to the
outside, outward, out
El Khrga (town in central
Egypt, in Khrga oasis)
krij outer, out- (in
compounds), outside, outward, exterior,
external; foreign; nonresident
(iyda) policlinic; ministry of
foreign (external) affairs, foreign ministry;
( tilmd) a student not living at a
kawrij2 the Khawarij, Kharijites
(the oldest religious sect of Islam);
dissenters, dissidents, backsliders, rebels
mukrij pl. -n (screen or stage)
director
mukraj excerpt, extract (from a
book); excretions (biol.) 233
mutakarrij pl. -n graduate ( or
of a school or college)
mustakraj pl. -t extract;
excerpt ( from), partial copy ( of)
karkara to snore
1
karida a to be a virgin, be untouched,
innocent, chaste
karida pl. karid2,
kurud virgin; unbored pearl
2
kurda scrap metal, scrap iron; pl.
kardawt notions, smallwares; small
 goods, smalls, miscellaneous small
articles; (eg. also) novelties, fancy goods
for ladies
kurdaj dealer in miscellaneous
smallwares
kurdaq, kurduq small shot, buckshot
kardal (coll.; n. un. )mustard seeds;
mustard
karaza I u to pierce, bore ( s.th.)
karaz (coll.; n. un. )pearls
mikraz pl. makriz2 awl;
punch
mikrz awl; punch
1
karisa a (karas) to be dumb mute; to
become silent, keep silent, hold ones
tongue IV to silence, reduce to silence,
gag ( s.o.)
karas dumbness, muteness
akras2, f. kars2 pl.
kurs, kursn dumb, mute
karsn2 dumb, mute
2
karasn, karasna concrete
(bton) O ( musallaa)
armored (or reinforced) concrete
kurf (coll.; n. un. )pl.
karf artichoke
karaa u (kar) to guess estimate (
s.th.); to conjecture, surmise ( s.th.),
form conjectures ( about); to tell an
untruth, a falsehood, to lie V to fabricate
lies ( against s.o.); to raise false
accusations ( against s.o.)
kir, kur, pl. kirn, (kara) to droop, be or become slack,
kurn earring
karr pl. -n Ii&!', slanderer,
calumniator
karaa u i (kar) to pull off, strip (
leaves from a tree); to turn, lathe, shape
with a lathe ( wood, metal); to
exaggerate, boast, brag, lie; -- u (eg.) to
cut into small pieces; to mince, chop, dice
( meat, carrots, etc.) II (eg.) to cut into
small pieces, mince, chop ( s.th.) VII to
be turned. be lathed. be shaped with a
lathe; to join, enter ( f silk an
organization, a community), affiliate (
with an organization, a
community); to penetrate ( s.th. or into);
to plunge headlong ( into), embark
rashly ( upon); to labor, slave, toil
( buk) to break into tears
kar pulling-off (of leaves);
see turning, turnery
karr pl. -n turner, lather;
braggart, bluffer, storyteller
kira turners trade, turnery, art
of turning
karrta skirt (syr.)
kara pl. kari,
kuru map, chart
mikraa, makraa pl.
makri2 lathe
kria pl. -t map, chart
makr cone (math.); conic 234
makr conic
kar, kara pl.
kar 2 cartridge; lead (of a pencil);
cartouche (arch.); daybook
karl oats
karm pl. karm2 proboscis,
trunk (of the elephant); hose
al-karm Khartoum (capital of
the Sudanese Republic)
karn2 a kind of earthworm
karn wormlike, vermiform
kar rhinoceros
karua u (kur, kura) and karia a
limp, flabby; to be or become languid,
soft, spineless, yielding VII do. VIII to
invent, devise, contrive ( s.th.); to create.
originate ( s.th.)
kari and kar soft, languid,
yielding, spineless, devoid of energy,
nerveless
kirwa castor-oil plant, palma
Christi (Ricinus communis; bot.)
iktir pl. -t invention
muktari pl. -n inventor
muktara pl. -at invention
 karifa a (karaf) to dote, be senile and
feeble-minded; to drivel, talk foolishly
karaf feeble-mindedness, dotage,
senility; childishness (of an old man)
karif and karfn feeble-
minded, doting; childish; dotard
karf autumn, fall
karf autumnal
karf pl. kirf, akrifa, ... it would be very unwise to ...
kirfn young sheep, lamb, yearling;
wether
kurfa pl. -t superstition; fable,
fairy tale
kurf fabulous, fictitious,
legendary
makrafa prattle, drivel, twaddle,
bosh
takrf folly, delusion; foolish
talk, drivel, twaddle, bosh, buncombe
mukarrif childish, foolish; (pl.
-n) prattler, chatterbox, windbag;
charlatan
kartaa to shuffle, mix ( s.th.)
karfa pl. karf2 card pl. kawriq2 preternatural
of low value, discard (in card playing)
karaqa I u (karq) to tear, rend, tear apart (
s.th.); to make a hole ( in); to
perforate, pierce, bore ( s.th.); to
penetrate ( s.th.), break, pass ( through
s.th.); to traverse, cross, transit ( s.th., a
country); to violate, impair, infringe (
s.th.), encroach ( upon); to break ( a
vow, and the like), commit a breach of (
;)to exceed the ordinary, be unusual,
extraordinary, unprecedented, unheard-of
to go beyond what is ordinary
or customary IV to lurk, lie in wait V and
VII to be torn, be rent, be pierced, be
broken VIII to pierce ( s.th.); to cut,
break, pass' ( through s.th.), penetrate (
s.th.); to traverse, cross, transit ( s.th.),
travel through s.th. ( ;)to exceed ( e.g.,
a limit), go beyond s.th. (( of the needle
(masmiah) to shrill in s.o.s ears
karq tearing, rending, laceration; piercing,
boring, perforation; penetration;
disruption; breakthrough; traversion,
crossing, transit; violation, breach; (pl.
kurq) hole, aperture, opening
k. al-amn al-mm violation of
public security; offense against
common usage, violation of mores;
( ittasaa) the rent is beyond
repair 235
kurq and kurqa awkwardness,
clumsiness; stupidity ( ray)
stupidity; folly, madness;
kirqa pl. kiraq tatter, shred;
rag; scrap (of paper); polishing cloth;
eraser (cloth)
akraq2 f. karq2, pl.
kurq clumsy, awkward; stupid; irregular;
illegal, illicit, unlawful
makraqa trickery, sleight of hand,
legerdemain, hocus-pocus, swindle
makriq2 a kind of pastry (tun.)
iktirq penetration; piercing,
disruption; traversion, crossing, transit
kriq and ( or)
exceeding the customary, unusual,
extraordinary, unprecedented, unheard-of;
phenomena. miracles; that which
transcends the conceivable or the rational
supernatural;
k. al-mudaft miraculous coincidences
muktaraq passage, passageway
karama i (karm) and II to pierce ( s.th.),
make a hole or holes ( in); to perforate (
s.th.) VII to be pierced, be riddled, be
torn; to be deranged, unsettled,
disorganized; to come to an end, run out,
peter out, get lost VIII to destroy,
annihilate ( s.o.); to carry off, carry away
( s.o., of death); to break ( the
ranks), pass through s.th. ()
karm pl. kurm gap, blank
(e.g., in a manuscript, or the like)
kurm hole k. al-ibra eye
karma drill, bit, auger, gimlet;
punch, perforator
akram2 having a perforated nasal
septum
 takrm piercing, boring, drilling;
perforation; punching; lace-making, lace-
work
takrma lace, lace-work,
openwork, filigree
inkirm state of unsettlement,
disturbance, disorganization, derangement
( tawzun) disturbance of
equilibrium
makrm defective, incomplete
(e.g., a manuscript)
mukarram perforated; done in
openwork, in filigree
kurma pl. -t (ir.) harrow
kurnb carob, locust; carob bean, locust
pod, St.-Johns-bread
kirniq pl. karniq2 young hare,
leveret
kirwa castor-oil plant, palma Christi
(Ricinus communis; bot.)
1
kazza u to pierce, transfix ( s.o.); to stab (
s.o., with) VIII to pierce, transfix (
s.o., with)
2
pl. kuzz silk fabric
1 kazana u (kazn) to store, stock, lay up,
kazara uto look askance ( at s.o.), give
s.o. ( )a sidelong glance
2
bar al-kazar the Caspian Sea
kaizurn pl. kayzir2 cane, reed;
rattan; bamboo
kaizurna cane, stick
kazaa a (kaz) to cut, sever ( s.th.)
kuzabal idle talk, bosh
kuzabala pl. -t idle talk, bosh; joke,
jest, hoax; fib, yarn; cock and bull story
236
kazaf pottery, earthenware; porcelain,
china; ceramics
kazaf (made of) porcelain;
porcelaneous, porcelain, china (adj.)
kazzf dealer in chinaware; potter
kizfa potters trade, pottery
kazaqa i to pierce, stab, transfix ( s.o.,
s.th.); to drive, ram s.th. into
the ground); to tear, rend, rip apart (
s.th.) II to tear, rend, rip apart ( s.th.) V
and VII pass of I and II
kazq rip, rent, tear, hole (in a garment)
kzq pl. kawziq2 post, stake,
pole; dirty trick thats tough
luck!
2
look up alphabetically
kazala i (kazl) to cut off, sever ( s.th.); to
hinder, prevent, hold back, restrain, keep (
s.o., from) VIII to cut off, cut short,
end abruptly ( s.th.); to shorten, abridge,
abbreviate ( s.th.); to stand alone ( with
an opinion)
iktizl abridgment, abbreviation;
shorthand, stenography
muktazil stenographer
kazama i (kazm) to string, thread (
pearls) ( anfah) to pierce the
nasal septum (of a camel) and insert the
nose ring for the bridle; to make s.o.
subservient to ones will
kizm, kizma pl.
kazim2 nose ring
kuzm lavender (bot.)
hoard, amass, accumulate; to keep secret,
keep ( a secret) II and VIII to store,
stock, lay up, warehouse ( s.th.); to store
up, accumulate ( s.th.); to dam ( s.th.);
to put in safekeeping, keep ( s.th.)
kazn storing; accumulation,
hoarding, amassing; storage, warehousing
kazna treasure house; safe, coffer,
vault; wardrobe, locker; cupboard
kizna pl. -t, kazin2
treasure house; vault, coffer, safe;
treasury, treasury department (of an
official agency), any office for the deposit
and disbursement of funds; locker,
wardrobe, closet; cupboard; library
k. ad-daula and ( mma)
public treasury, exchequer; k. at-
talj icebox, refrigerator; k. al-
kutub bookcase; library;
(kuya) private library;
wardrobe, closet, locker
 kazna pl. kazin2 treasure ( s.o.); to shame, abash, embarrass ( s.o.)
house; public treasury, exchequer; IV to humiliate, degrade, dishonor ( s.o.);
treasury, treasury department (of an to shame, put to shame ( s.o.) X to be
official agency), any office for the deposit ashamed
and disbursement of funds; cashiers kizy, kazan shame, disgrace,
office; vault, coffer, safe; cashbox, till (of ignominy ! y la-l-kaz what a
a merchant) ( ka) shame!
(formerly) the Royal Privy Purse (Ir.);
k. ad-daula public treasury, kazayn2 f. kazy, pl.
exchequer; kazya ashamed, shamefaced, abashed;
cash register shameful, disgraceful, scandalous,
infamous, base, mean, vile
kuzzn pl. -t, kazzn2
dam; reservoir; basin, sump, pool; storage makzh pl. makzin a
tank (also for oil); - (pl. -n) shameful thing, a disgrace; reason for
storehouseman, warehouseman shame; pl. shameful things, disgraceful
acts, infamies
makzan pl. makzin2
storeroom, storehouse; depository; stock- makzy ashamed, shamefaced,
room, storage room; depot, magazine, abashed; embarrassed, confused;
warehouse; store, shop, department store; the Devil
al-makzan the Makhzan, the mukzin disgraceful, shameful,
Moroccan government (formerly: scandalous, infamous
govemmental finance department; Mor.)
m. adwiya drugstore; mukziya pl. -at disgraceful act,
m. al-idr shipping room (com.); infamy
m. al-af trunk (of an kassa (1st pers. perf. kasistu) a ( kissa,
automobile) 237 kassa) to be mean, base, vile; to
makzan being under government become less, decrease, diminish,
control or administration. belonging to the depreciate, fall in value; -- kassa u to
government (Mor.) ( amlk) lessen, reduce, diminish ( s.th.) II to
government land (Mor.) lessen, reduce, diminish ( s.th.)
makzin pl. -ya native kass lettuce (Lactuca sativa; bot.)
gendarme (Mor.) kassa (n. un.) head of lettuce
2
makzin , m. a-arq kissa and kassa meanness,
the nearest, shortest way, a short cut baseness, vileness
makzanj storehouseman, kass pl. akiss2 mean,
warehouseman base, low, vile, despicable, contemptible,
kazandr, kaznadr treasurer miserable
takzn storage, storing, kassa pl. kasis mean
warehousing; storing up, accumulation; trick, infamy
damming kasaa a (kas) to chase away ( s.o.); --
kzin pl. kazana, kuzzn kasia a to be driven away, make off
treasurer kasita beat it! scram!
iksa ilaika do.
makzn stored, stored up,
deposited, warehoused; (pl. -t) stock, aksa2 baser, meaner, more
supply, stock in trade despicable; weaker
kaziya a (kizy, kazan) to be or become ksi spurned, rejected, outcast;
base, vile, despicable, contemptible; ( low, base, vulgar, despicable,
kazya) to be ashamed ( of); -- kaz i to contemptible; disgraceful, shameful,
disgrace, dishonor, discredit, put to shame
 scandalous, infamous; futile, vain
(attempt); weak, feeble, languid
kastaka indisposition
mukastak indisposed, unwell,
sickly
kasara a (kusr, kasr, kasra,
kusrn) to incur a loss, suffer
damage; to lose, forfeit ( s.th.); to go
astray, lose ones way, get lost; to perish
II to cause loss or damage ( to s.o.); to
do harm ( to s.o.); to destroy, 238 ruin (
s.o.); to corrupt, deprave ( s.o.)
IV to cause a loss ( to s.o.); to shorten, cut,
reduce ( s.th.) X to grudge ( or
s.o., s.th.), envy s.o. ( or )the
possession of ()
kur loss, damage
kusrn loss, damage, forfeiture;
decline, deterioration; depravity,
profligacy
kasra pl. kasir2 loss,
damage; pl. losses, casualties ( in; mil.)
what a pity! too bad!
kusrn (eg.) loser; affected by
damage or loss
ksir lost, hopeless; involving kut pl. kut javelin
substantial losses; loser; depraved,
corrupted; profligate, disreputable person,
scoundrel
mukassir causing damage,
harmful, noxious, injurious, detrimental
kaafa i (kasf, kusf) to sink, sink
down, give way, cave in, disappear, go
down; to be eclipsed (moon); -- i (kasf) to
cause to sink, cause to give way
k. llh bih l-ara God made him
sink into the ground, God made the
ground swallow him up VII to sink, sink
down, go down
kasf baseness, ignominy, disgrace,
shame; inferiority sma kasfan moved, be touched
to humiliate, abase, degrade (.s.o.)
kusf occultation (astron.); lunar
eclipse
kaa i u (ka) to enter ( s.th.)
ki vermin, insects
II to lignify, become woody or woodlike;
to line, face or cue with wood, to panel,
wainscot ( .tb.) V to lignify, become
woody or woodlike; to become bard, still,
firm, rigid; to stiffen, freeze (e.g., with
panic)
kaab pl. akb wood,
lumber, timber k. al-anbiy
guaiacum wood, lignum vitae
kaaba pl. t, akb piece
of wood; a timber; pale, post; plank, board
al-mayyit coffin;
al-masra stage (of a theater),
on the boards
kaab wooden, woody, ligneous,
made of wood; timber-, lumber- (in
compounds)
kab pl. lumber merchant
takb paneling, wainscoting
takba pl. -t, takib2
barrack, wooden shed
takaub stiffness, rigor, rigidity;
stiffening
mutakaib frozen, rigid; stiff,
bard, firm
1
kak (coll.; n. un. )pl.
kak2 poppy
kaka to clank, clatter, rattle; to rustle
kakaa pl. -t noise; clank,
clatter, rattle; rustle, rustling; crash
) )= rattle (toy)
kura leftover (of a meal); offal, refuse;
a discard, a worthless thing
kaaa a ( ku) to be submissive,
be humble; to humble o.s.; to fade (voice)
( baarih) to lower ones eyes
II to humble, reduce to submission ( s.o.)
V to display humility; to be humble; to be
ku submissiveness,
submission, humility
kai pl. kaaa submissive,
humble 239
 kuf various fruits, stewed and waked to others); to endow ( s.o. with), confer,
in syrup or rose water, compote bestow ( upon s.o. s.th.); to apportion,
allot, assign, accord, give, dedicate,
kukr coarsely ground grain, grits
devote ( to s.o. s.th., in preference to
kakara scab, slough, scurf others); with to take possession (
II to intoxicate, make drunk ( s.o.) of), demand ( s.th.; also
nafsah); to be specifically associated (
kam nose; mouth; vent, outlet with s.o.), be characteristic ( of s.o.), be
kaim pl. kayim2 nose; peculiar ( to); to apply in particular (
gills; also pl. nose to), be especially valid ( for); to concern,
regard ( s.o., s.th.), have special
kauna u ( )to be rough, coarse, relevance ( to), bear ( on)
crude; to be raw, uncut, unpolished II to (bi-inyatih) to devote ones attention to
roughen, coarsen, make crude ( s.th.) III s.o., favor s.o. with ones attention;
to be rude, uncivil, boorish ( to s.o.) V to ( bi-d-dikr) to make special mention
display rough, rude, or coarse, manners; to of s.o. or s.th.; ( akuu) I
be rough, uneven; to lead as rough life XII mention, among them, especially (with
ikauana to be rough, coarse, foll. acc.); this does not
crude; to lead a rough life concern me, this is none of my business II
kain pl. kin rough, crude; to specify, particularize, itemize ( s.th.);
coarse (as opposed to nim); rude, to specialize ( s.th.), narrow, restrict (
unpolished, uncouth; tough, harsh (life); s.th. to); to designate, destine, set aside,
hoarse, raucous (voice) k. al- earmark, single out ( or s.o. or s.th.
lams coarse to the touch, rough, uneven, for a purpose); to devote in particular,
wrinkled; k. al-kulq uncouth, dedicate, assign ( s.th. to); to allocate,
boorish; k. al-qira thick- allot, apportion ( s.th. to); to
shelled; ( jins) the strong sex appropriate ( funds for); to reserve,
held, withhold ( s.th. for); to tie down (
akan2, f. kan2, pl.
s.o. to a special field) V to specialize (
kun rough, tough, harsh, rude, uncouth
in, also or in a scientific field); to
al-kan the vulgar, uneducated devote all ones attention ( to s.th.); to
people apply o.s. ( to), go in for s.th. ( ;)to be
kuna roughness, coarseness; peculiar ( to); to be chosen, destined,
crudeness; rudeness earmarked ( for) VIII to distinguish,
favor ( s.o. with), confer distinction (
kaiya a (kay, kaya) to fear, dread ( upon s.o. by); to devote, give, accord,
s.o., s.th., for s.o. or s.th.), be afford ( to s.o. s.th., in preference to
afraid ( of) II to frighten, scare, terrify, others); to dedicate ( to s.o. s.th., e.g.,
alarm ( s.o.) V = I; VIII to be ones services); (with )to take
embarrassed; to be ashamed exclusive possession ( of), claim,
kaya fear, anxiety, apprehension demand ( s.th.), lay special claim ( to;
kayatan min for fear of also nafsahu); to be
distinguished, be marked ( by); to
ak more timorous, more fearful; possess alone, in distinction from all
more to be feared. more frightening others, have above others ( s.th.), have
kayn2. f. kay, pl. the advantage over others ( that); to be
timorous, timid, anxious, apprehensive peculiar ( to); to concern, regard (
s.th.), bear ( on); to be pertinent, have
kin timorous, timid, anxious,
relevance ( to), have to do ( with); to
apprehensive
be duly qualified, be competent, have
kaa u to distinguish, favor (especially, jurisdiction ( in; e.g., an authority); to
before others), single out ( s.o.), bestow have as a special function or task ( s.th.)
special honors ( upon s.o., in preference
lettuce (bot.)
 ku pl. ki, privileges, monopolies; concessions
ak, ku, hut, shack, shanty, (Intern. Law); ( )( duly
hovel qualified, authorized, responsible,
competent; scope of
kaa jet of water
competence, sphere of authority,
ka interstice, interval, jurisdiction, province, domain, field
crevice, crack, gap
ikti pl. -n specialist
kaa crevice, crack, interval,
ka special, particular; specific,
gap
peculiar; relative, relevant, pertinent (
kaa pl. kai2 to), concerning ( s.th.); earmarked,
special characteristic or quality, specialty, Designated, destined, set aside ( for);
particularity, peculiarity especially valid or true ( for), especially
kian particularly, especially, applicable ( to), characteristic ( of);
specifically distinguished; private; exclusive, not
public professional journal
ku specialness; for ...; ( mm) the special and
kuan especially, in particular, the general; high and low, all people;
specifically and physician in ordinary 241
( with foll. genit.) as to,
concerning, regarding, with respect to, as ka pl. kaw2 exclusive
regards; and in property; private possession; specialty,
this connection, in this matter, in this particularity, peculiarity, characteristic,
respect, about this, concerning this; property, attribute; essence, intrinsic
and ( wajhi l-k.) nature; leading personalities, people of
especially, particularly, in particular, distinction, the upper class, the
specifically educated; katan and bi-katin
especially, in particular f
ku; special; private, k. anfusihim at the bottom of their hearts,
personal deep inside
kaa poverty, penury, kya pl. -t, kai2
privation, destitution, want specialty, particularity, characteristic,
aka2 more special, more peculiarity, property, special attribute,
specific especially; feature, trait, qualification; prerogative,
do. privilege; jurisdiction, competence
aki2 intimate friends, kuwaa (dimin. of )ones
confidante own business, private affair
he meddles in my private
ik see 2 affairs
tak specialization; mak special
specification, particularization,
itemization; designation, destination (for a mukaa chosen, set aside,
purpose); allotment, apportionment, earmarked, designated, destined ( for);
allocation; reservation; (pl. -t) allotted, apportioned, allocated; -- pl.
appropriation, financial allocation; credit ( financial) allocations;
and appropriations, credits; (daily) allowance;
specifically (food) rations ( ifya)
extra allowances; m. al-
takau specialization (esp., in malik civil list
a scientific field)
mukta pertaining, pertinent,
ikti pl. -t jurisdiction, relevant, relative ( to); duly qualified,
competence; special province or domain, authorized, responsible, competent;
bailiwick (fig.); pl. prerogatives, special; pl. muktat
 competences the kaama i to defeat ( an opponent) in
competent authorities; argument; to deduct, subtract ( s.th.,
competent (or authoritative) quarters
kaaba i and kaiba a (kib) to be fertile
(soil) II to make fertile ( s.th.); to
fructify, fertilize ( s.th.) IV = I
kaib fertility; abundance, plenty;
superabundance, profusion
kaib and kab fertile,
productive, fat
kuba fertility
takb fructification, fertilization
ikb fertility
mukaibt fertilizers
mukib fertile, productive, fat
kaira a (kaar) to become cold; to suffer
from the cold III to clasp ( s.o.) around
the waist, put ones arm around s.o.s ()
waist VIII to shorten, condense, abridge,
epitomize ( s.th.); to summarize ( s.th.)
kar pl. kur hip, haunch,
waist
mikara pl. makir2
stick, baton, wand; mace, scepter
iktir shortening, condensation,
abridgment, summarization, epitomizing
(of a statement); brevity and
briefly, in short, in a few words
muktaar shortened, condensed,
abridged; brief, short; concise, terse,
succinct; (pl. -t) short excerpt, brief
exposition, synopsis, outline, summary,
abstract, epitome, compendium
kira pl. kawir2 hip,
haunch, waist ( auka) a ik pl. -n specialist; expert (of a
thorn in his side
kaafa i (kaf) to mend, repair, sew ( a
shoe)
kafa pl. kif basket
(made of palm leaves)
kula pl. kual, -t tuft; bunch,
cluster; lock, wisp (of hair)
kala pl. kil quality,
property, characteristic, peculiarity, trait;
(natural) disposition
from): to discount ( a bill, a note III to
argue, quarrel, dispute ( with s.o. 242
to bring legal action ( against s.o.), sue (
s.o.), litigate ( with); VI to quarrel, argue,
have a fight; to go to law, carry on a
lawsuit, litigate ( with s.o.) VII to be
deducted, be subtracted VIII to quarrel,
argue, have a fight
kam pl. kum,
akm adversary, antagonist, opponent;
opposing party (in a lawsuit)
deduction; subtraction; rebate;
discount; pl. kum
liabilities (fin.) sir al-k.
discount rate, bank rate; k.
al-kambiylt bill discount
kam pl. kuam2,
kumn adversary, antagonist, opponent
kuma quarrel, argument,
dispute, controversy, feud; lawsuit
kim quarrel, argument, dispute,
controversy, feud; lawsuit
mukim adversary, opponent,
opposing party (in a lawsuit); antagonist;
litigant
1
ka ( ki) to castrate, emasculate
( s.o.)
kasy pl. kiyn, kiya
a castrate, eunuch
kuya pl. kuan testicle
maky castrated, emasculated
( faras) gelding
2
specialized field)
kaa (ka) to jolt, jog ( s.th.); to
shake ( s.th.); to frighten, scare ( s.o.)
laban ka buttermilk
kaa concussion, shock, jolt;
fright, terror, fear
kaaba i (kab) to dye, color,
tinge ( s.th.); -- kaaba i and kaiba a (
kub) to be or become green
(plant) II to color, tinge ( s.th.); to dye (
 s.th) XII ikauaba to be or
become green (plant)
O kab chlorophyll (biol.)
kib dye, dyestuff O
k. ad-dam hemoglobin (biol.)
kub green, greenness, green
color
kab dyed
akaa ( akaa) to set in
motion, upset, rock, shake ( s.th.)
kakaa concussion, shock,
jolt
makara meadow, lawn, turf,
sod, greens, verdant land
mukaart vegetables
kirim pl. karim2 abundant,
copious; well-watered, abounding in
water; openhanded, generous, liberal,
munificent
mukaram designation of such
contemporaries of Mohammed, esp. of
poets, whose life span bridges the time of
paganism and that of Islam; an old man
who has lived through several generations
or historical epochs

kaada i (kad) to cut off, break off (
thorns) ( aukatah) to tame
s.o., hold s.o. in check, curb s.o.s power
kaira a (kaar) to be green II to make
green, dye or color green ( s.th.)
( ar) to sow the land, till the earth
IX to be or become green XII
ikauara = IX
kair green, verdant; verdure,
greenery; young green crop (of grain)
al-kair, al-kiir a well-known
legendary figure
kura green, greenness, green
color; - (pl. kuar) vegetation,
verdure, greenery, greens; meadow;
vegetables
kuar greengrocer
kar green, greenness, green
color; greens, herbs, potherbs
kadr green
kara greens, herbs, potherbs
kar greengrocer
akar f. kar pl. a full mouth), bite ( into s.th.)
kur green ( at) to
destroy everything, wreak havoc
al-kar the Verdant
(epithet of Tunis); the sky 243
karwt vegetables; greens,
herbs, potherbs
al-kuair Paradise
O yakr chlorophyll (biol.)
kaaa a ( ku) to bow, defer,
submit, yield, surrender ( to s.o., to s.th.),
humble o.s. ( before), obey, follow (
s.o. or s.th.); to be subject ( and to a
law, to a power, etc.), be under s.o.s ( or
)control II and IV to humble,
subjugate, subdue, make tractable ( s.o.);
to submit, subject, expose ( or s.th. or
s.o. to s.th.)
ku submission, obedience,
humility, subjection
ka pl. kuu submissive,
humble
ik subjugation, subdual;
subjection
ki pl. kua,
kun, kin submissive, humble;
obedient, pliant, tractable; subject, liable,
prone ( to s.th.)
kaila a to be or become moist II and IV
to moisten, wet ( s.th.) IX = I
kail moist, wet; juicy, succulent;
refreshing, gay, lighthearted
kaama i (kam) to munch ( s.th., with
kiamm vast (said of the sea); sea,
ocean
kaa u (ka) to draw or trace a line (
on); to draw, trace, sketch, design (
s.th.); to write, pen ( s.th.); to carve,
engrave, inscribe ( s.th.); to outline,
mark, trace out, prescribe ( for s.o.
s.th.) ( ) )kaan, satran) to
draw a line; ( aibu) his hair
turned gray II to draw lines; to rule (
s.th.); to furrow, ridge ( s.th.); to mark intention; line of action, course, policy,
with lines or stripes, stripe, streak ( rule, precept, guiding principle
s.th.); to pencil ( the eyebrows); to mark, k. al-amal operation plan, work plan;
designate, earmark, indicate ( s.th.); to ( ibqan) according to
demarcate, delimit, delineate, stake out, schedule, as scheduled or planned
survey ( land, real estate); to layout, map ka pl. -n penman,
out ( roads) VIII to trace out, mark, calligrapher; -- tracing lines, leaving
outline, prescribe ( a way); to mark, straight trace ( faak) or
demarcate, delimit, stake out, delineate ( tracer bullet, tracer (mil.)
s.th.); to map out, plan, project ( e.g., the
construction of a city); to make, design, tak ruling, drawing of, or
devise ( a plan); to plan ( s.th.), make marking with, lines; lineation;
plans ( for) designation, marking, earmarking;
surveying, survey (of land); planning;
ka pl. ku line; stroke; projecting, mapping out, laying out (of
stripe, streak; (railroad) line, line of
cities, of roads); plan, design
communication; telephone line; frontline
(mil.); furrow, ridge; handwriting; writing, ( rasm) rough draft, first
script; calligraphy, penmanship O sketch, design
( ar) ground wire (radio); O mak handwritten; manuscript
( isfn) cuneiform writing;
( ammya) the foremost lines, battle maka pl. -t manuscript
lines (mil.); ( briz) relievo script; mukaa striped, streaked, ruled;
telephone line; furrowed; designated, marked, earmarked;
(jawwya) airlines; ( add) and planned, guided, controlled; (pl. -t)
k. sikkat al-add railroad sketch, design, plan, layout; map (of a
line, railroad track; k. az-zawl city)
meridian (astron.; = k. nif
an-nahr); O ( mismr) kaIa a ( kaa) to be mistaken; to
cuneiform writing; k. al-istiw commit an error, make a mistake; to sin II
equator; k. a-l or ( l) to charge with an offense, incriminate,
circle of longitude, meridian (geogr.); declare guilty ( s.o.); to accuse ( s.o.) of
k. al-ar or ( ar) an error or mistake; to fine ( s.o.; tun.) IV
parallel (of latitude) (geogr.); to be mistaken, to err, commit an error, be
k. taqsm al-miyh divide, watershed; at fault ( in); to be wrong ( about, in);
k. al-qwa al-kahrabya to make a mistake ( in, with); to miss (
power lines; meridian (grogr.); s.o., e.g., a shot; the target); to escape (
to derail, run off the rails s.o. or s.o.s notice; a fact)
(train); ( mustaqm) (faluh) (his omen was wrong, i.e.) his
straightaway, in a straight line; outright, expectations do not come true, are not
out and out; ( l al-k.) all fultilled; thats where he is wrong, thats
along the line where he made a mistake!
(aiu) (lit.: the thing escaped him, missed
ku section, district, quarter (of a him, i.e.) he lacked it; he
city) failed, was unsuccessful;
ka handwritten; linear; spear he drew the wrong conclusions;
he confused the two things, he
kua matter, affair; condition, mistook one thing for the other
state; office, function, position
ki slip, lapse, fault, offense, sin
kia, kua pl. kia, kua a
place of land acquired for the purpose of kaa and ka error; mistake,
building a house; a place of real estate, incorrectness; offense, fault; kaaan
lot; district; map or plan of a place of real erroneously, by mistake ...it
estate, layout; plan, project, design, is (would be) wrong to ;
 il al-k. corrigenda, errata, list of
corrections; qatl al-k. accidental
homicide (jur.)
kaa pl. -t, kay
mistake, blunder; slip, lapse; fault,
offense; crime, sin; fine (tun.)
ki wrong, incorrect, erroneous;
mistaken, at fault; (pl. kuh, actually,
pl. of colloq. k), f. kia pl. declare) registered, insured letters (eg.);
kaw2 sinner
muki mistaken, at fault, wrong;
incorrect, wrong, erroneous
kaaba u ( kuba, kaba) to judgment;
deliver a public address, make a speech; to
preach, deliver a sermon ( and
an-nsa to the people); -- (kab, 245
kiba) to propose ( to a girl; said of the
man), ask for a girls hand ( )in marriage
( on behalf of s.o.; said of the
matchmaker); to give in marriage, betroth,
affiance, engage ( or ones
daughter to s.o.) ( wuddah)
and ( mawaddatah) he courted
her love III to address ( s.o.), speak, talk,
direct one's words ( to s.o.), turn ( to s.o.,
orally or in writing) to
telephone s.o., call s.o. up; ( bi-
l-kf) to address s.o. on an intimate first-
name basis VI to talk to one another; to
converse, confer, have a talk, carry on a
conversation; to write each other,
correspond, carry on a correspondence
VIII to seek a girls ( )hand in marriage,
ask for a girls hand
kab pl. kub matter, affair,
concern, business; situation, conditions,
circumstances; misadventure, mishap
what do you want? whats the
trouble? whats the matter with you?
what concern of his is ...? what has
he to do with ...? whats it all
about?
kiba courtehip; betrothal,
engagement
kuba pl. kuab public
address; speech; lecture, discourse;
oration; sermon, specif., Muslim Friday
sermon, khutbah opening look up alphabetically
address
kib pl. -t, akiba public
address, speech; oration; letter, note,
message welcoming
address; k. al-ar speech from
the throne; ( mustajil)
express letter, special-delivery letter;
taqdima letter of introduction; O
( dt al-qma al-
muqarrara) (= lettres avec valeur
fal al-k. (in letters:)
conclusion of the formal greetings by the
words amma badu; conclusion,
termination, end; decision; unmistakable
were
through with one another once and for all
kib oratorical, rhetorical,
speech-, lecturing (in compounds)
kab pl. kuab (public)
speaker; orator; lecturer; preacher, khatib;
suitor (for the hand of a girl); fianc
kaba fiance
kaba preaching, sermonizing,
oratory
kiba rhetoric, oratory; speech,
lecture, discourse
kba courtship; betrothal,
engagement
mukaba pl. -t address; public
address, speech; proclamation;
conversation, talk; conference, parley
telephone conversation,
telephone call
takub conversation; talk,
discussion; (inter)communication (also,
e.g., telephonic, by radio, etc.)
lugat it-takub colloquial language
kib pl. kuab2, kub
suitor; matchmaker
kiba pl. kub woman
matchmaker
makba fiance
mukab addressed, spoken to;
(gram.) second person
kaara i ( kaarn) to swing, wave,
brandish ( s.th.); to shake, tremble,
vibrate; to walk with a (proud) swinging akar2 more dangerous, riskier;
gait; to strut, parade haughtily; -- i u ( weightier, of greater consequence; more
kur) to occur ( to s.o.), come 246 to serious, graver
s.o.s ( )mind ( blih) the look up alphabetically
matter came to his mind, occurred to him,
he recalled the matter (also and makir2 dangers, perils
or. ( he had an idea; mukara pl. -t venture, risk,
( lam yakur bi-blin) an hazard
unexpected matter, s.th. one wouldnt
dram of; -- kaura u ( kura) to be ikr notification, information;
weighty; to be important, significant; to be warning
grave, serious, momentous, dangerous, kir pl. kawir2 ideas,
perilous, risky, hazardous III to risk, thought, notion; mind; desire, inclination,
hazard, stake ( s.th. ones life); to liking ( li-ajl) for your sake;
incur the danger, run the risk ( of), risk ( min'n kulli kirin with all
s.th.); to bet, wager ( s.o., a stake) ones heart, most gladly; an
IV to notify, inform ( s.o.), let ( s.o.) bati kirin gladly, with pleasure; of
know ( about s.th.); to warn, caution ( ones own free will, voluntarily;
s.o.) V to walk with a lofty, proud gait; to as you like; to afford
stride, strut (with a swinging gait); to satisfaction to s.o., to comfort, reassure
pendulate, oscillate, vibrate VI to make a s.o.; to feel offended by, to
bet ( against stake) take offense at; addaa
kaar weightiness, kirah to trouble, bother s.o.;
momentousness; importance, ( ammana) to calm the excitement;
consequence, significance; seriousness, ( marra) the thought crossed
gravity; -- (pl. -t, akr) danger, his mind that ...; ( ikrman)
peril, menace ( to); riskiness, for your sake, to please you;
dangerousness; risk; hazard; (pl. surat al-k. presence of mind;
kir) stake, bet, wager of very quick-witted
great importance, momentous; mukir one who risks s.th., who
dangerous, perilous; takes a chance; daring, bold, venturesome
(muarra) endangered, jeopardized;
irat al-k. alarm signal mukir dangerous, perilous, risky,
hazardous
kair dangerous, perilous, risky,
hazardous; serious, grave, weighty, karafa (eg.) to be delirious,. to rave, to
important, significant talk irrationally

kaara pl. kaart pompous walk, karafa delirium, raving

strut; swinging gait; idea, thought, notion kaifa a, kaafa i (kaf) to snatch, wrench
kar pendulum (phys.) or wrest away, seize, grab ( s.th.); to
make off ( with s.th.); to abduct, kidnap
kar pl. kur weighty, ( s.o.); to dazzle ( al-baara the
momentous; important, significant; grave, eyes) V to carry away, sweep away (. s.o.)
serious of great importance VI to snatch or seize ( s.th.) from one
kura weight(iness), another VII to be snatched away, be
importance, moment(ousness); wrested away; to be carried away, be
consequence, significance; gravity, swept away VIII to grab, seize, take
seriousness forcibly ( s.th.); to snatch, wrest, wrench
( s.th. from s.o.); to abduct, kidnap (
kaarn swinging, oscillation, s.o.); to run away, elope ( with a
vibration woman); to make off ( with s.th.); to
dazzle ( al-baara the eyes)
 kaf grabbing, forcible seizure, leave s.th. ( )behind and turn to s.th. else
rape; abduction, kidnapping; kafan ( ;)to disregard ( s.o., s.th.) in order
rapidly, quickly to turn ones attention to ((
( il l-ammi) to promote, advance
kafa pl. kaaft (n. vic.) a
s.th. VII to step, pace, walk; to proceed,
snatching away, a grab; sudden stirring,
advance, progress
flash ( barq) instantly, in a
trice, like a streak of lightning; kawa pl. kaawt and kuwa pl.
an impulse, a sudden emotion kuwt, kuuwt, kuan step, pace,
stride ( kuh) to walk, or
kaf rapacious; robber
follow, in s.o.s footsteps;
kuf pl. kaf2 (iron) taqaddama kutwatan fa-kutwatan to
hook; fishhook; (coll.; n. un. )swift, a proceed or advance step by step;
variety of swallow ( ittakada) to take a decisive step;
kaf pl. kaf2 iron hook kawatan wa qafza hop, skip
and jump (athlet.)
iktif grabbing, forcible seizure,
rape; abduction, kidnapping kaya (= )slip, lapse,
transgression, fault, offense, sin
kif pl. kawif2 ravenous;
rapacious; rapid, prompt; quick, sudden; kuh pl. of ki sinner
lightninglike; fleeting; short, brief kaffa i to be light (of weight); to be slight,
ravenous wolves; ( ra) insignificant; to become lighter, decrease
snapshot; ( arb) Blitzkrieg in weight, lose weight; to decrease in
kaila a (kaal) to talk nonsense IV do. V intensity, grow lighter (color); to be
to strut, walk with a pompous gait; to nimble, agile, quick; to hasten, hurry, rush
walk with a proud, swinging gait ( to) II to make lighter ( s.th.), reduce
the weight of ( ;)to ease, lighten, relieve,
kaal idle talk, prattle soften ( for s.o. s.th. difficult or
kail garrulous, chattering, given to oppressive, also s.th., e.g., s.o.s
silly talk; stupid, foolish situation); to lessen, decrease, reduce,
diminish ( or s.th.); to mitigate,
kam nose, snout, muzzle (of an animal); alleviate, moderate, temper ( or s.th.);
front part (nose and mouth); foremost or to thin, dilute ( e.g., a liquid); (gram.) to
first part; important matter pronounce ( a consonant) without tadd
(aalla) approx.: to manifest its force, set kaffif anka! cheer up! be of
in (e.g., of a disaster) good cheer! kaffif min
kim, kam (coll.; n. un. )marsh suatika! slow down! to
mallow (Althaea officinalis; bot.) soothe s.o.s pains V to dress lightly; to
disburden, relieve o.s. (of a burden); to rid
kim pl. kuum noseband, halter (of a
o.s., free o.s. ( of s.th.); to hurry away (
camel)
from), leave ( s.th.) in a hurry X to
) )ka u (kaw) to step, pace, walk; to deem ( s.th.) light; to value lightly,
proceed, advance, progress disdain, scorn, despise ( s.o. or s.th.),
( kaawtin) to take large strides, also look down ( upon), think nothing ( of),
fig. = to make extraordinary progress II make light ( of), set little store ( by);
and V to overstep, transgress ( s.th.), to not to take seriously ( s.th.), attach no
cross ( s.th.), go or walk through s.th. ( importance ( to); to carry away,
;)to ford ( a river); to leave its banks, transport ( s.o., e.g., joy)
overflow (river); to cross, traverse (
the seas); to omit, disregard, ignore, pass kuff pl. kiff, akff shoe,
by ( so.); to go beyond s.th. ( ;)to extend slipper; -- (pl. akff) camel hoof;
( to); to exceed, transcend ( s.th.); to foot (of the ostrich); sole (of the foot)
excel, surpass, outstrip, outdo ( s.o.); to rajaa bi-kaffai unain to
proceed, pass ( through s.th., to), return with empty hands, without having
 achieved ones mission; to accomplish
nothing, fail, be unsuccessful
`kiffa lightless (of weight);
slightness, insignificance, triviality;
sprightliness, buoyancy; agility,
nimbleness; inconstancy, fickleness,
flightiness, levity, frivolity k.
al-araka, nimbleness,
agility, quickness; k. ad-dam
amiability, charm; k. ar-r do.;
k. al-yad manual skill, dexterity,
deftness
akaff2 lighter; lesser, slighter;
weaker a. ad-ararain the
lesser of two evils
kaff, ajar al-k.
pumice, pumice stone
kuffn pumice, pumice stone
kaff pl. kiff, akff,
akiff2 light (of weight); slight, little,
trivial, insignificant; thin, scanty, sparse;
nimble, agile, sprightly, lively; --
name of a poetic meter k. al-
araka easily movable, very mobile;
nimble, agile; k. ad-dam amiable,
charming; k. ar-r likable,
charming, winning, amiable; gay, in high
spirits, cheerful; k. az-zill
likable, nice (person); k.
al-rin having a thin beard; k.
al-aql feeble-minded, dimwitted;
k. al-yad nimble-fingered, deft;
weak tea
takff lightening, easing;
lessening, decrease, diminution;
reduction; allaying, mitigation, alleviation,
palliation, moderation; commutation
(jur.); relief; thinning. dilution (e.g., of a
liquid) extenuating
circumstances (jur.)
istikff disdain, scorn,
contempt; levity, frivolity
urf mukaffafa extenuating
circumstances (jur.)
mukaffaf thin, diluted
kafata u ( kuft) to become inaudible,
die down, die away (sound, voice); to
become silent, become still III
( bi-kalmih, bi-autih) to lower
ones voice IV to silence, reduce to
silence ( s.o.) VIII = I
kuft fading (radio)
kfit dying away, dying down,
becoming silent; inaudible; faint, dying,
fading, trailing off (sound, voice); soft,
subdued (light, color)
muktafit soft, low, subdued 249
kafara u (kafr, kifra) to watch (
s.o., s.th. or over s.o., over s.th.), guard,
protect ( s.o., s.th.); -- kafira a (kafar,
kafra) to be timid, shy, bashful II =
I kafara V = I kafira
kafr watching, watch, guard(ing)
kafar guard detachment, guard;
escort coast guard (Eg.)
kafar timidity, shyness,
bashfulness, diffidence
kafir bashful, diffident, timid, shy,
embarrassed, coy
kafr pl. kufar2 watchman;
protector, guardian; guard, sentry, sentinel
kafra watch(ing), guard(ing),
protection; guard duty
makfar pl. mafir 2
guardhouse, guardroom; guard, control
post m. a-ura police
station
kfira: k. as-sawil
coastguard cruiser (Eg.)
makfr under escort, escorted;
covered, sheltered, protected
kafasa u (kafs) to ridicule, scorn ( s.o.),
laugh, mock ( at); to destroy, demolish,
tear down ( a house)
kafa day blindness, hemeralopia
akfa2, f. kaf2, pl. kuf day
blind, hemeralopic; weak-sighted,
afflicted with defective vision
kuff pl. kaffi2 bat (zool.)
kafada i (kaf) to make lower ( s.th.);
to lower, decrease, reduce, lessen,
diminish ( s.th.); to lower, drop (
s.th., also, e.g., the voice); (gram.) to
pronounce the final consonant of a word
 with i; to put ( a word) in the genitive ones head drowsily, nod off, doze off (
( janah)to unbend toward k. kafqatan); -- i ( kufq) to
s.o., show o.s. open-minded, responsive, set, go down (celestial body) II to
accessible to; -- kafua u to be carefree, roughcast, plaster, stucco ( a wall) IV to
easy, comfortable (life); to sink, dip, drop, flap the wings, flutter (bird); to set, go
settle, subside; to become low, drop to an down (celestial body); to be unsuccessful,
undertone (voice) II to lower, decrease, go wrong, fail, miscarry, come to nothing,
reduce ( s.th., price) kaffi be abortive; to fail, be unsuccessful ( in
alaika! take it easy! s.th.)
(jaaka) cool off! calm down! relax! IV kafq throb(bing) palpitation;
( autah) he lowered his voice beating, beat; footfall, footstep, tread (of a
V and VII to sink, dip, drop, settle, boot, of the foot)
subside; to be lowered, be reduced (price);
to decrease, grow less; to be diminished kafqa pl. kafaqt (n. vic.) beat,
throb; tap, rap, knock; ticking noise, tick
kaf lowering, lessening,
decrease, diminution, reduction; subduing, kafaqn palpitation of the heart,
lowering, muffling (of the voice); heartbeat; throb(bing), beat(ing);
curtailment, limitation, restriction; ease f1uttering, flutter
(of life); (gram.) pronunciation of the final kaffq palpitant, throbbing (heart);
consonant with i k. al-qma fluttering, waving, streaming (flag)
devaluation (of a currency); k.
al-ai carefree, easy life; O mikfaga whisk, eggbeater
he lives in ease and comfort; ikfq failure, fizzle, flop, fiasco
k. a-aut lowering of the voice;
arf al-k. preposition (gram.) kfiq palpitant, throbbing (heart);
fluttering, waving, streaming (flag);
kafi low, soft, subdued (voice) al-kafaqn East and West; al-
takf lowering, cutback, reduction (esp. kawfiq the cardinal points, the four
of prices); diminution, decrease, quarters of the world
lessening, curtailment, restriction, kfiq mortar, plaster, rough-cast;
limitation stucco
inkif sinking, dropping, subsidence; see
lowering, reduction; lessen ing, decrease.
diminution, decrement; dropping of the kafiya a to be hidden, be concealed; to be
water level, low water unknown (a fact; to s.o.); to disappear,
(jaww) low-pressure area (meteor.) hide it is well known that ...; as
everybody knows ..., it is obvious that ... ;
mukaffa lowered, reduced, low, you know very well ..., you are
moderate (price, rate); lower well aware (of it); -- kaf i to hide,
munkafi low (altitude, frequency, conceal ( s.th.); to keep secret ( s.th.)
price, etc.); soft, low, subdued, muffled IV to hide, conceal ( s.th.); to afford (
(voice) the Netherlands; s.o.) a place to hide, shelter, hide ( s.o.);
-- munkafa pl. -t low ground; to keep secret ( s.th.); to disguise,
depression (geogr.) 250 conceal ( s.th., or from s.o.)
to lower the voice, speak in an
kafaqa i u (kafq, kafaqn, undertone V to hide, keep o.s. out of view;
kufq) to vibrate; to tremble, shake; to to disguise o.s. VIII to hide, keep o.s. out
beat, throb, palpitate (heart); to flutter, of view; to disappear, vanish; to be
wave, stream (flag); to flap the wings, hidden, be unknown; to be lacking, be
flutter (bird); to waver, flicker; -- (kafq) to missing, be absent to be
flash (lightning); to beat, whip ( s.th.; hidden or disappear from sight X to hide,
eggs, cream, etc.); to make the sound of keep o.s. out of view; to be hidden, be
footsteps (shoe); - ( kufq) to drop concealed; to be hidden from s.o.s ()
 view, become invisible ( to s.o.), Interposed, be placed ( between); to
disappear from sight Permeate, pervade, interpenetrate (
kafy hidden, concealed; secret, s.th.), mix, mingle, blend ( with) VIII to
unknown; unseen, invisible; mysterious be or become defective; to be in disorder,
be faulty, deficient, imperfect; to become
k. al-ism anonymous; O
disordered; to be upset, be unbalanced; to
(anwr) indirect lighting
be disturbed (order, system)
kufyatan, kifyatan secretly, the conditions are not fulfilled;
clandestinely, covertly; without his (tawzunuh) to lose ones balance,
knowledge become unbalanced; ( aqluh) to
kafya pl. kafy a secret, a be mentally deranged
secret affair kall vinegar
kafa secrecy, hiddenness kill, kull pl. akll friend,
secretly, clandestinely, covertly; bosom friend
( kafa) it is quite evident, it is quite
obvious that ... kalal pl. kill gap, interval,
interstice; cleft, crack, rupture, fissure; a
ikf hiding, secretion; defective, unbalanced state, imbalance;
concealment; lowering of the voice defectiveness, imperfection; fault, flaw,
takaffin disguise defeat, shortcoming; disturbance, upset,
disorder; damage, injury, harm (that s.th.
iktif disappearance suffers or suffered); killa during;
kfin hidden, concealed; secret, between; through f kalali and
unknown; unseen, invisible f killi during; in the course of,
within, in a given period of;
kfiya pl. kawfin a secret; -- meanwhile, in the meantime; min
pl. al-kawf the coverts, the killi across, through, right through the
secondaries (of a birds wing) middle of; out of, from within; (to judge,
makfy hidden, concealed 251 reason, draw conclusions, etc.) by, on the
basis of, on the strength of, (to recognize)
mutakaffin disguised, in disguise
from
muktafin hidden. Concealed,
kalla need, want, luck; -- (pl.
clandestine, covert, secret; disappearing,
(kill) property, attribute, peculiarity;
vanishing
characteristic; natural disposition
muktafan hiding place, hide-out
kulla pl. kulal friendship
look up alphabetically
kill pl. akilla boring or
kalla u (kall) to pierce, transfix ( s.th.) II drilling implement; peg, pin; spit, skewer;
to turn sour; to make sour, to sour, acidify (also pl. -t) toothpick; see also
( s.th.); to pickle, marinate ( s.th.); to kalal
salt. cure with salt or in brine ( s.th.); to
kall pl. akill2, kulln
pick ( the teeth); to run the fingers (
friend, bosom friend; lovers; Hebron
through s.th.), part, comb ( the hair, the
(town in Jordanian Palestine)
beard, also with the fingers) III to treat (
epithet of Abraham
s.o.) as a friend IV to offend ( against),
infringe, transgress ( s.th.); to violate, kalla pl. -t girl friend, woman
break ( s.th., e.g., a rule, a custom); to friend; sweetheart, paramour
fail to fulfill, fail to meet ( an umm al-kull river mussel
agreement); to forsake, desert, abandon ( (zool.)
s.o., s.th.); to disturb, upset, harm,
prejudice ( s.th.) V to be, lie or come ikll pl. -t breach, infraction,
between s.th. ( ;also in time), intervene ( violation (of a law, of a treaty, and the
between); to be located or situated, be like); offence (against), transgression,
 infringement (of); disturbance (of an
order, of a system); impairment, injury,
harm (to); average, damage, by sea
( adami l-i.) without heart V to be shaken, be convulsed, be
prejudice to, without detriment to
iktill deficiency, defectiveness,
imperfection; (a falling into) disrepair,
deterioration; faultiness; disturbance (of a
system, of a function, of the equilibrium,
etc.); disorder, confusion
mukallal pickled; salted; (pl. -t)
pickles, pickled vegetables
mukill disgraceful, shameful
immoral, indecent, improper 252
kalaba i u (kalb) to seize with the claws,
clutch ( s.th.), pounce ( on); -- u (
kilba) to cajole, coax, wheedle ( s.o.); to
inveigle, beguile, bewitch, enchant ( s.o.,
aqlah s.o.s mind); to charm,
fascinate, captivate ( s.o.) III to cajole,
wheedle, coax. inveigle, beguile, bewitch,
enchant ( s.o.) VIII to seize with the
claws, clutch ( s.th.), pounce ( on); to
cajole, inveigle, beguile, bewitch, enchant
( s.o.)
kilb pl. aklb fingernail,
claw, talon
barqun kallbun and barqu
kullabin lightning without a downpour; a
disappointing, disillusioning matter;
and delusion, illusion
kullab: ( faak) blank
cartridges (Syr.; mil.)
kallb gripping, captivating,
fascinating; attractive, engaging, winning;
tempting, enticing; fraudulent, deceitful;
deceptive, delusive, fallacious
kilba engaging manners,
attractiveness, charm
miklab pl. maklib claw,
talon
klib = kallb
II kalbaa (eg.) to clown
kalb pl. kalb2,
kalbia (eg.) clown, buffoon,
harlequin
kalaja i and III to be on s.o.s ( )mind,
trouble, preoccupy, prepossess ( s.o.,
s.o.s mind; said of worries, doubts, etc.);
to pervade, fill ( s.o.; said of a feeling)
( qalbah) to be uppermost in s.o.s
rocked VIII to quiver, tremble, quake,
shake; to twitch (eye, limb, body); to
animate, move, stir, inspire, fill, pervade,
possess ( the heart; said of a feeling)
( gamman) to be filled with
sorrow, with grief (heart)
kalja pl. ka1ajt emotion,
sentiment; scruple, qualm, misgiving
kalj pl. kulj, kuljn bay,
gulf; canal; name of Cairos ancient
city canal which was abandoned and
leveled at the end of the 19th century
the Persian Gulf
kilj misgiving, doubt, scruple,
qualm
iktilja (n. vic.) convulsion, jerk,
twitch; tremor
klija pl. kawlij2 emotion,
sentiment; scruple, qualm; idea
kalkala to shake, convulse, rock ( s.th.);
to rarefy ( s.th., e.g., air; chem.- phys.) II
takalkala to be shaken, be rocked; to come
off, become disjointed, become detached;
to become loose, work loose; to be or
become rarefied (chem.- phys.)
kalkal pl. kalkil2 anklet
kalkl pl. kalkl 2 anklet
takalkul rarefication
mukalkal and mutakalkil
rarefied
kalada u ( kuld) to remain or last
forever, be everlasting; to be immortal,
deathless, undying; to abide forever ( or
in, with); to remain, stay ( or or
at a place) to rest, relax;
to lie down to sleep II to make
eternal or everlasting, perpetuate,
eternalize ( s.th.), make immortal,
immortalize ( s.o.); to make
ineffaceable, unforgettable ( s.th.; a
memory); to remain, stay, abide, linger (
at, in a place); to grow very old, enjoy a
long life, be long-lived IV to eternize,
immortalize, make immortal ( s.o.,
s.th.); to perpetuate ( s.th.); to remain,
 stay, abide, linger ( or at, in a place)
253 to be disposed, incline, lean, tend (
to) V to become eternal or immortal,
perpetuate o.s. j to be or become long,
lasting, perpetual
kuld infinite duration, endless time,
perpetuity, eteruity Paradise, the
hereafter
kuld mole (zool.)
kalad, pl. akld mind, heart, treat ( s.o.) fair and square; to get even,
spirit, temper
kuld infinite duration, endless
time, perpetuity, eternity; eternal life,
immortality; abiding, remaining, staying
takld perpetuation, eternization,
immortalization
klid everlasting, perpetual, eternal;
immortal, deathless, undying;
unforgettable, glorious; pl. kawlid2
mountains the Canary from); to copy, excerpt ( s.th., from);
Islands
muklid disposed, inclined, tending
( to)
kalasa i (kals) to steal ( s.th.); to pilfer,
filch, swipe, purloin ( s.th.) III
(naara) to glance furtively at s.o. VIII to
steal, pilfer, filch, swipe ( s.th.); to get
under false pretenses or by crooked means
( s.th.); to embezzle, misappropriate (
s.th.); to spend secretly ( hours)
( ku) to sneak up on s.o.; riddance; rescue, salvation ( from);
) )to glance furtively at s.o. redemption (Chr.); payment, settlement,
kulsatan by stealth, stealthily,
surreptitiously, furtively
kils mulatto, bastard
iktils pl. -t embezzlement, s.th.); abstract, resume, summary,
misappropriation, defalcation
muktalis embezzler, defalcator
kalaa u ( kul) to be pure, Thomas Aquinas); ( irya)
unmixed, unadulterated; to belong ( to
s.o.); to get, come ( to), arrive ( at); --
( kall) to be or become free, be
freed, be liberated ( from), be cleared,
get rid ( of); to be saved, be rescued,
escape ( from); to be redeemed, be
delivered, attain salvation (Chr.); --
(colloq.) to be finished, be done, be
through, be over; to be all gone II to clear,
purify, refine, purge, rectify ( s.th.); to
clarify ( a situation); to liberate, free,
save, rescue ( s.o., from), rid (. s.o.,
of); to redeem, deliver (Chr.); to prepay
the postage ( on); to pay duty (
on merchandise), clear ( goods);
to settle ( a bill); (colloq.) to finish (
s.th.) ( aqqah) to restore ones
right, secure ones due III to act with
integrity, with sincerity ( toward s.o.),
become quits ( with s.o.) IV to dedicate (
to s.o. s.th.); to be loyal ( to s.o.); to
be devoted, be faithful ( to)
( ubba) to love s.o. dearly;
( li-llhi dnah) to worship God
faithfully and sincerely V to rid o.s. (
of), free o.s. ( from), get rid ( of); to
be freed, be delivered, be saved, be
rescued, escape ( from) VI to act with
reciprocal integrity and sincerity; to be
quits, be even X to extract ( s.th.,
to abstract, take, gather, work out ( s.th.,
as the quintessence, of); to deduce,
infer, derive ( s.th., from); to
discover, make out, find out ( s.th.); to
select, choose ( s.th.) ; to demand
payment of a sum ( )and get it ( from
s.o.) to derive profit from,
profit, benefit from;
(wadan) to exact a promise from s.o.
kal liberation, deliverance,
liquidation (of a bill); receipt; placenta,
afterbirth 254
kula pl. -t excerpt; extract,
essence; quintessence, substance, gist (of
epitome; synopsis ( nihya)
summation (jur.); ( al-
lhtya) the summa theological (of
perfume essence; in short, briefly,
in a word (introducing a summary of the
basic ideas)
kal, pl. kula2 pure,
clear, unmixed, unadulterated; sincere,
faithful, loyal; loyal adherent
kul clearness, purity; sincerity,
candor; frankness
 kall (magr.) tax collector
makla safe place; refuge,
escape, rescue, salvation, deliverance
takl clearing, purification,
refining, rectification; clarification;
liberation, extrication, deliverance, rescue,
salvation; payment, settlement,
liquidation; prepayment of postage (
on); customs clearance, payment of duty (
on merchandise; also
)
muklaa pl. -t receipt
ikl sincere devotion, loyal
attachment, sincere affection; sincerity,
frankness, candor; loyalty, faithfulness,
fidelity, allegiance ( to)
takallu freedom, liberation,
release, extrication, escape ( from)
istikl extraction; excerption;
derivation, deduction; selection; collecting
(of a sum of money)
kli pl. kulla clear; pure,
unmixed, unadulterated; sincere, frank,
candid, true; free, exempt ( from)
k. al-ujra post-free;
k. ar-radd prepaid, reply paid for
(telegram); ( gumrug)
dutyfree; tax-exempt
mukalli liberator; Savior,
Redeemer (Chr.)
) )mukalla (alaihi) postage
paid
mukli devoted; sincere, frank,
candid; loyal; faithful ( to s.o., to s.th.);
purehearted, virtuous, righteous;
(in letters) approx.: yours truly ,
sincerely yours ...
mustakla pl. -t extract,
excerpt
kalaa i (kal) to mix, mingle, commingle,
blend ( s.th. with); to confuse,
confound, mix up ( two things; by a disease)
s.th. with), mistake ( -- s.th. for) II to
mix, mingle, commingle, blend ( s.th.);
to cause confusion III to mix, mingle,
blend, merge, fuse ( with s.th.); to
meddle ( in), interfere ( with); to mix,
associate ( with s.o.); to have to do ( with
s.o.) ( nafsah) to befall, attack
s.o. (pain, etc.); klia f
aqlihi to be or become disordered in
mind VIII to be mixed, mix, mingle, form
a mixture or blend; to consist of a
heterogeneous mixture, be motley,
promiscuous; to associate, be on intimate
terms ( with); to be or become confused,
get all mixed up
kal mixing, blending;
combination; mingling, commingling (
with); confusing, confounding, mistaking,
mix-up, confusion
kil pl. akl component of a
mixture; ingredient; pl. mixture, blend
the four humors of the human
body (blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and
black bile); common people,
populace, rabble, riffraff, mob; kil
mil, kal mal motley, pell-mell,
promiscuously 255
kala mixture, blend, medley
kulta company; mixture
and kalla pl. -t mixer,
mixing machine
kal mixed, blended; motley,
heterogeneous, promiscuous; mixture,
blend ( of); medley, hodgepodge; (pl.
kula2) associate, companion,
comrade
takl pl. -t insanity; delirium
muklaa company, intercourse,
association
iktil (process of) mixing,
blending; mingling, commingling;
confusion; mental disorder; (social)
intercourse, association, dealings ( with)
makl pl. makl2
mixture, blend; alloy
mukalla confused, disordered
mukla stricken, afflicted ( e.g.,
muktali mixed
the mixed courts, see
coeducation
kalaa a (kal) to take off, put off, slip off (
a garment); to doff, take off (
ones tarboosh); to extract, pull ( a kala dissoluteness, dissipation,
tooth); to wrench, dislocate, luxate ( a profligacy, wantonness, licentiousness,
joint); to depose, remove, dismiss, moral depravity; (tun.) recreation in the
discharge ( s.o., from an office); to country, summer vacation
renounce, forgo, give up ( s.th.), kaula fool, dolt, simpleton 256
withdraw ( from); to throw off, cost off (
idrah ones restraint, ones kli: k. al-idr
inhibitions); to refuse ( obedience); unrestrained, ;uninhibited, wanton;
to disown, repudiate ( ones son); to libertine, debauchee, rou, rake
divorce ( ones wife) in return for a makl unrestrained, uninhibited,
compensation to be paid by her; to get wanton; wild, unruly; reckless, heedless,
through, have done ( with s.th.), be irresponsible; crazy, mad
through, have gone through s.th. (, e.g., a
hard day); to impart ( s.th. to); to kalafa u to be the successor ( of s.o.),
confer, bestow ( s.th. upon s.o.), succeed ( s.o.): to follow ( s.o.), come
grant, award ( s.th. to s.o.) after s.o. (): to take the place of s.o. (),
(tiybah) to undress; ( ar) substitute (. for s.o.): to replace ( s.o.,
to dethrone s.o.; ( kilatan) to s.th.): to lag behind s.o. (): to stay
bestow a robe of honor upon s.o.; behind ( after s.o.s departure); to be
( aqqa) to arrogate to o.s. the right detained, be held back, be kept away, stay
of ...; -- kalua u ( kala) to be away ( from) II to appoint as successor (
dissolute, morally depraved II to take s.o.); to leave behind, leave ( , s.o.,
away, remove, displace, dislocate ( s.th.); to have descendants, have offspring
s.th.); to knock out of joint, take or break III to be contradictory, contrary, opposed (
apart ( s.th.); pass. kullia to fall to to): to conflict, clash, be at variance (
pieces, get out of joint III to divorce ( with); to contradict ( s.o., s.th.); to be
ones wife, in return for a compensation to different, differ, diverge ( from), be
be paid by her) V to go to pieces, fall inconsistent, incompatible, not in keeping,
apart, break; to become or be luxated, not to harmonize ( with); to offend (
dislocated (joint); to take a vacation in the against a command, a rule), break, violate,
country (tun.) ( arb) to be disobey ( a command, a rule) IV to leave
addicted to drinking, drink heavily VII to ( offspring, children); to compensate,
be displaced, be dislocated, be removed; requite, recompense ( s.o.; said of
to be divested, be deprived, be stripped ( God): to break, fail to keep ( wadah
of s.th.), forfeit, lose ( s.th.) ones promise), go back on ones word; to
( qalbuh) he was completely taken disappoint ( ar-raja the hopes) V
aback, he was alarmed, startled to stay behind; to lag or fall behind (;)
to stay, stay on, remain; to fail to appear
kal slipping off, taking off (of or show up; to play truant; to be absent; to
clothes); deposition (e.g., of a ruler); stay away ( from), not go ( to), not
dislocation, luxation extraction attend ( s.th.) ( maj) to
of teeth fail to come or arrive;
kul khula, divorce at the instance (auda) not to return VI to disagree, differ,
of the wife, who must pay a compensation be at variance; to differ in opinion, be of a
(Isl. Law) different mind VIII to differ, be different,
vary ( from); to be varied, varying,
kila pl. kila robe of honor variable, various, diverse, dissimilar; to
kal pl. kulaa2 deposed, vary ( between); to disagree, differ in
dismissed, discharged (from an office); opinion, be at variance, argue, quarrel,
repudiated, disowned; wanton, dissolute, dispute ( about); to come or go
dissipated, profligate, morally depraved frequently ( to), frequent, patronize (
kall wild, unruly, wanton, a place), visit frequently ( s.o., s.th.),
come and go ( at); to come, descend (
shameless, impudent
upon s.o.; said of afflictions), befall,
overtake ( s.o.) X to appoint as
successor or vicar ( s.o.)
kalf back, rear, rear part or portion;
successors; kalfu and min kalfu
(adv.) at the back, in the rear; kalfa (prep.)
behind, after, in the rear of he
ran after her: min kalfi behind, in
the rear of; from behind, from the
rear; to the rear, backward, back;
in the wake of s.th.;
in the rear; at the back, in the background
kalf rear, hind, hinder, back
kilf pl. aklf test, nipple,
mammilla
kulf dissimilarity, disparity,
difference, contrast, variance, discrepancy
kalaf pl. aklf substitute;
successor; descendant, offspring, scion
kilfa dissimilarity, disparity,
difference; that which follows s.th. and
replaces it (e.g., second growth of plants,
day and night, etc.)
kalfa pl. kulaf2, every kind
kalif2 vicar, deputy; successor; caliph;
(formerly) senior official of the native
administration in Tunis, assigned to a
(formerly) title of the ruler of Spanish
Morocco
al-minaqa al-kalfya the
Caliphate Zone (formerly, designation of
Spanish Morocco)
kilfa vicarship, deputyship;
succession; caliphate, office or rule of a
caliph: (formerly) administrative
department of a ( Tun.), see above
miklf pl. maklf2 legacy, estate; leftovers; scraps, refuse,
province (Yemen) 257
kilf pl. -t difference, disparity,
dissimilarity; divergence, deviation;
contrast, contrariety, incongruity,
contradiction, conflict; disagreement,
difference of opinion ( or about);
dispute, controversy; kilfa (prep.) beside,
apart from, aside from kilfuh (=
)other, the like, others (than
those mentioned), and the like (after
an enumeration); bi-kilfi beside,
apart 'from, aside from; contrary to, as
opposed to, unlike; kilfan li
contrary to, against, in contradiction to;
unlike that, contrary to that,
on the contrary, on the other hand
kilf controversial, disputed
muklafa pl. -t contrast,
contrariety; contradiction, inconsistency;
contravention, infringement, violation;
misdemeanor (jur.; as distinguished from
and ;)fine (for a misdemeanor)
takalluf staying away,
nonappearance, nonattendance,
nonpresence, absence, truancy (also
;) staying behind, staying on;
stopover (railroad); backwardness
iktilf pl. -t difference,
dissimilarity, disparity; diversity, variety;
variant, variation; difference of opinion,
disagreement; controversy
( raya, dnya) the
subjects of every (= irrespective of their)
religious denomination;
whichever party they may belong to;
all the different fruits, fruits of
maklfa pl. -t camel saddle
mukallaf left, left behind; left
over; pl. heritage, legacy, estate;
scraps, leftovers
muklif divergent, varying,
different; inconsistent, incompatible,
contradictory, contrasting, conflicting;
transgressor (of a command)
mutakallif residual; left over;
retarded, backward, underdeveloped
(mentally, in growth, etc.); pl. -n one left
behind; straggler; pl. heritage,
offal ( atriba) waste material,
overburden, superstratum (in mining);
( miyh) waste water, sewage
muktalif different, varying,
divergent ( from); varied, various,
diverse; having a different opinion,
disagreeing ( or about)
) )muktalaf fhi (alaihi)
controversial, disputed
kalaqa u (kalq) to create, make, originate (
s.th.); to shape, form, mold ( s.th.); --
kaliqa a and kaluqa u to be old, worn,
shabby (garment); -- kaluqa u (
kalqa) to be fit, suitable, suited II to
perfume ( s.th.) IV to wear out ( s.th.),
let ( s.th.) become old and shabby V
pass. of II; to be molded, be shaped ( by
a model or pattern), change ( with a
model); to become angry VIII to invent,
contrive, devise ( s.th.); to fabricate,
concoct, think up ( s.th.); to attribute
falsely ( to s.o. s.th.)
kalq creation; making; origination;
s.th. which is created, a creation;
creatures; people, man, mankind; physical
constitution
kulq, kuluq pl. aklq innate
peculiarity; natural disposition, character,
temper, nature; -- pl. aklq character
(of a person); morals; morality
s al-k. ill nature; sayyi al-k. ill-
natured; sahl al-k. complaisant,
obliging; ayyiq al-k. impatient,
restless; ilm al-a. ethics; moral
science, morals; 258 sumw al-
a. nobility of character; noble
manners, high moral standards;
ura al-a. vice squad
kulq ethic(al), moral
offenses against public morals
kalaq (m. and f.) pl. kulqn,
aklq shabby, threadbare, worn
(garment)
kilqa pl. kilaq creation; innate
peculiarity of character, natural
disposition, nature; constitution;
physiognomy; kilqatan by nature
kilq natural, native, congenital,
innate, inborn, inbred
kalaqa rag, tatter
kalq share (of positive qualities,
of religion) ( kalqa)
disgraceful, ignominious, despicable; a
worthless fellow, a good-for-nothing
kalq pl. kulaq2 fit,
qualified, suitable, appropriate ( for
s.th., to do s.th.); apt ( to do s.th.); in
keeping with (), adequate ( to), worthy
( of) it is (would be) only
fair that we ..., we should ..., we ought
to ...; he is apt to ..., it is only
natural for him that he ...;
( muliman) this is apt to be paicful. it
is only natural that this is painful;
( tuqnian) no more
than a quick glance is apt to convince us
that ...
kalq of firm character, steadfast,
upright
aklaq more adequate, more
appropriate, more natural
kallq Creator, Maker (God)
kalqa the creation, the universe
created by God; nature; natural
disposition, trait, characteristic; creatures,
created beings; pl. kaliq2 creatures,
created beings
aklq moral; ethic(al); ethicist,
moral philosopher ( jurm)
offence against public morals;
( falsafa) moral science, moral
philosophy; ethics
aklqya morality, moral practice
kulqn dealer in old clothes
kliq creative; Creator, Maker
(God)
maklq created; (pl. -t.
maklq2) creature, created being
muktaliq inventor, fabricator (of
untruths)
muktalaq fabricated, trumped up,
invented, fictitious; apocryphal; pl. -t
lies, falsehoods, fabrications, fictions
kalqn pl. kalqn2 caldron,
boiler, kettle
1
kalanj heath, erica (bot.)
2
kulungn (eg.) (rhizome of) galingale
(Polypodium Calaguala Kz.; bot.)
) )kal u (kulw, kal) to be
empty, vacant; -- (kuluw) to be free ( or
from); to be devoid ( of s.th.), lack,
want ( s.th.), be in need ( of); to be
vacant (office); -- ( kalwa) to be alone
( with s.o., also: with or in
s.th.); to isolate o.s., seclude o.s.; to
withdraw, retire ( li-l-mudwala for
deliberation; court, jury); to withdraw for
spiritual communion, in order to take
counsel ( with); to devote o.s., apply kalwa pl. kalawt privacy,
o.s.. give one's attention ( to s.th.); solitude; seclusion, isolation, retirement;
to forsake, desert s.o., leave s.o. in the place of retirement or seclusion, retreat,
lurch; -- to pass ( s.o.), go by s.o. ( ;)to recess; secluded room; hermitage;
pass, elapse, go by, be bygone, past, over religious assembly hall of the Druses;
(time) ( jaww) to have free booth, cabin alone; in
scope. have freedom 259 of action; retirement, in seclusion; k. al-
( jaml) it is not without a certain ammm bathhouse
beauty; ( mublaga) it is kalaw lonely, solitary, secluded,
slightly exaggerated; it is not isolated, outlying; located in the open
quits useless; to be alone with country, rural, rustic, country
o.s.; to commune with o.s., take counsel (bait) country house
with o.s., search ones heart;
mundu ari sanawtin kalat for the kaly pl. akliy2 free (
past ten years II to vacate, evacuate ( from), void, devoid ( of)
s.th.); to leave, leave alone ( s.o.); to carefree, easygoing, happy-go-lucky
release, let go ( s.o., s.th.); to desist, kalya pl. kaly beehive; cell
abstain, refrain ( from), give up ( (biol.) ( al-ayawya l-
s.th.) ( sablah) to let s.o. off, l) protoplasm; from within ...,
let s.o. go, release s.o.; from inside ..., out of ...
to give s.o. a free hand in, let s.o.
have his own way with or in, let s.o. alone miklh nosebag
with; to open the way for s.o. to; takliya vacating, evaluation
kalli anka h. l-muyla desist
from such desires! IV to empty, void, ikl emptying, voiding, draining;
drain, deplete ( s.th. of); to vacate, clearing; vacating, evacuation
leave uninhabited or untenanted ( a i. sablih; his release
place); to evacuate ( a city) takallin relinquishment,
(sablah) to let s.o. off, let s.o. go, release abandonment, surrender, renunciation,
s.o.; to open the way for ...; resignation ( of s.th.)
( arafah) to dismiss, discharge
iktil privacy, solitude
s.o., send s.o. away; to exonerate,
exculpate, clear s.o.; ( samah) klin empty, void; open, vacant (office,
to be all ears for ..., listen intently to ...; position); free, unrestrained, untrammeled,
to let s.o. say whatever unencumbered; free ( from), devoid (
he likes, let s.o. talk freely V to give up, of) in numerous compounds
relinquish, forgo, abandon ( or s.th.), corresponding to Engl. -less or un-, e.g.,
withdraw, resign ( or from); to cede, useless, ( sukkn)
leave, surrender ( s.th. to s.o.); to lay uninhabited, untenanted, unoccupied;
down ( an office) VIII to retire, kl d-dain not bound by, without
withdraw, step aside, be alone ( or obligation to, free ( from);
with) carefree, easygoing, happy-go-lucky; --
(pl. kawlin) 260 past, bygone (time)
kilw free ( from), devoid ( of)
the past centuries;
kulw emptiness, vacuity; freedom f l-ayymi l-kawl in the days past
( from)
kamma u (kamm) to sweep ( a room); -- i
kal and ( with foll. acc. or u (kamm, kumm) to exude a rotten,
genit.) except, save, with the exception of foul smell; to rot, putrefy, decay
kal emptiness, vacuity; empty kumm pl. akmm coop, chicken
space, void, vacancy, vacuum; open coop, brooder; poultry pen
country or under the
kamma putrid smell, stench
open sky, outdoors, in the open air;
bait al-k. toilet, water closet
 kmm stinking, rotten, putrid, foul-
smelling; km look up alphabetically
mukimm stinking, rotten, putrid,
foul-smelling
kamija a (kamaj) to spoil, rot,
decay
kamada u ( kumd) to go out, die
(fire); to abate, subside, let up, calm
down, cease, die down IV to extinguish,
put out ( fire); to calm, appease, placate,
soothe, lull, still, quiet ( s.th.); to
suppress, quell ( s.th.); to subdue, soften,
deaden, dull ( s.th.); to stifle, smother,
kill ( s.th.; fig.)
kumd extinction; decline,
degeneration, deterioration; quietness,
stillness, tranquility, calm; immobility,
motionlessness
ikmd extinction, putting out;
calming, soothing, placation,
appeasement, lulling, stilling; subduing,
softening, dulling; settlement;
suppression, quelling (of a riot)
kmid dying; abating, subsiding;
calm, tranquil, still, quiet
kamara u (kamr) and II to cover, hide,
conceal ( .th.); to leaven, raise (
dough); to ferment ( s.th.), cause
fermentation ( in) III to permeate,
pervade ( s.th.), mix, blend ( with); to
possess, seize, overcome ( s.o., e.g., an
idea, a feeling) IV to leaven, raise (
dough); to ferment ( s.th.), cause
fermentation ( in); to harbor, entertain (
s.th.); to bear a grudge, feel resentment (
against s.o.) V to ferment, be in a state of
fermentation; to rise (dough); to veil the
head and face (woman) VI to conspire,
plot, collude, scheme, intrigue (
against) VIII to ferment, be in a state of
fermentation; to rise (dough); to become
ripe, ripen (also fig.: an idea in s.o.s
mind)
kamr m. and f., pl. kumr
wine; pl. alcoholic beverages, liquor
kamra wine
kamr golden brown, reddish
brown, bronze-colored (actually, wine-
colored)
kamrya pl. -t wine poem,
bacchanalian verse
/fimar pl. akmira, kumur
veil covering head and face of a woman
kumr aftereffect of intoxication,
hang-over
kamr leavened (dough); ripe,
mature, mellow; leaven; leavened bread
kamra pl. kamir2 leaven;
ferment; barm, yeast; enzyme (chem.);
(fig.) starter, nucleus, basis (from which
s.th. greater develops)
kammr wine merchant, keeper of
a wineshop
kammra wineshop, tavern
kimmr winebibber, drunkard,
tippler, sot
takmr leavening, raising (of
dough); fermenting, fermentation
iktimr (process of) fermentation
makmr drunk, intoxicated,
inebriated
muktamir fermenting, fermented;
alcoholic 261
II to quintuple, make fivefold, multiply
by five ( s.th.); to make pentagonal (
s.th.); to divide into five parts ( s.th.)
kums pl. akms one fifth
araba akmsah f
asdsih and ( li-
asdsin) to rack ones brain in search of a
way out; to be at ones wits end; to
scheme, intrigue
kamsa (f. kams) five
kamsata aara (f.
kamsa arata) fifteen
kamsn fifty d al-
k. Whitsuntide, Pentecost; aad
al-k. Whitsunday; ayym al-
kamsn the period of about 50 days
between Easter and Whitsuntide;
and khamsin, a hot southerly wind
in Egypt
d kamsn 50th anniversary
 kams and yaum al-k.
Thursday k. al-jasad Corpus
Christi Day (Chr.); k. al-fi,
k. al-asrr, and k. kmil unknown, obscure,
al-ahd Maundy Thursday (Chr.)
kamms pl. kammisa
(magr.) sharecropper receiving one fifth
of the crop as wages
kums fivefold, quintuple;
consisting of five consonants (gram.)
( zawy) pentagonal, five-cornered
kumaisa (mor. Pronounced
kmsa) ornament in the shape of a hand
(worn by women and children as a
talisman against the evil eye)
al-kmis the fifth
mukammas pentagonal, five-
cornered; pentagon; fivefold, quintuple; O
pentameter
kamaa i u (kam) and II to scratch (
e.g., the face, the skin, with the nails)
kam pl. kum scratch,
scratch mark, scar
kuma pl. -t scratch, scar 2
kamaa u and kamia a to be empty,
hungry (stomach)
kams k. al-ban, display effeminate manners, become or be
k. al-a with an empty effeminate
stomach, hungry
akma al-qadam pl. akmi
hollow of the sale (of the foot)
from head to toe
kamaa a (kam, kum) to limp,
walk with a limp
kamala u ( kuml) to be unknown,
obscure, undistinguished; to be weak,
languid
kami and kamla nap, the
rough, hairy surface of a fabric; fibers
kamil languid, sluggish, dull,
listless
kuml obscurity; weakness
lassitude, languor, lethargy; indolence,
sluggishness, inactivity; apathy,
indifference; sleepiness, drowsiness
kamla pl. kamil2 place
with luxuriant tree growth; thicket, brush,
scrub
undistinguished, unimportant, minor;
weak, languid, sluggish
mukmal velvet-like fabric, velvet
mukmal velvety ( jild)
deerskin, buckskin
II to guess, conjecture, surmise; to make
conjectures ( as to); to assess, appraise,
estimate ( s.th.) 262
takmn appraisal, assessment,
estimation; takmnan and
approximately, roughly
mukammin appraiser, assessor
1
kanna i ( kann) to speak nasally,
nasalize; to twang, speak through the nose
kunna nasal twang
kann twanging, nasal twang
akann2, f. kanna2 twanging,
speaking through the nose
kunn (= kumm) pl. aknn coop.
chicken coop, brooder
kanita a to be soft, effeminate V to
kanit oft, effeminate
2
kunt pl. kint, kanat
hermaphrodite
kunta effeminacy
takannut effeminacy
mukannat bisexual; effeminate;
powerless, impotent, weak
kanjar pl. kanjir2 dagger
kankana to nasalize, speak, nasally; to
twang, speak through the nose
kandaqa to dig a ditch or trench ( ;)to
take up positions, prepare for battle
kandaq pl. kandiq2 ditch; trench
kunzuwnya megalomania
kanzab Satan, Devil
 kinzr pl. kanzir2 swine, pig, hog; kannq choking, throttling, strangling
( barr) wild hoar; scrofula, maknaq neck, throat to grab
scrofulosis (med.) s.o. by the throat, bear down on s.o.; to
kinzra sow have power over s.o.
kanzr scrofulous kinq strangling cord; neck, throat
( ayyaqa) to tighten the grip
al-kanns epithet of the Devil (properly
speaking, he who withdraw, when the around s.o.s throat, tread on s.o.s neck,
oppress s.o., beset s.o. grievously;
name of God is mentioned)
to grab s.o. by the throat
aknas f. kans2, pl.
kuns pug-nosed kinq and kinqa quarrel,
fight, row
kinr fern (bot.)
iktinq suffocation, asphyxiation;
kinnau pl. kann2 piglet constriction; asphyxia (med.)
kinir pl. kanir2 little finger kniq choking, strangling;
)( to give s.th. top- suffocating, asphyxiating, stifling,
rating because of its excellence, put s.th. smothering; throttling, throttle (in
above everything else compounds; tech.); (pl. kawniq2)
kanaa a ( kun) to yield, surrender, choke coil, reactor (radio); gorge, ravine,
bow, stoop ( or to s.o.). humble o.s., canyon asphyxiating gas;
cringe ( or before s.o.) k. ad-dib wolfsbane,
monkshood, aconite (bot.)
kan submissive, servile, meek,
humble; treacherous, perfidious, disloyal maknq strangled; suffocated,
stifled, smothered; suppressed, choking
kun submissiveness, meekness, (voice, laughter, etc.); constricted;
servility strangulated; throttled
kanaf (eg.) twanging, nasal twang muktaniq crammed, jammed, crowded,
kanfara to snuffle, snort chock-full ( with)
kunfus and kunfus2 pl. ( and ( kan u, kaniya a (
kanfis2 dung beetle, scarab kanan) to use obscene language IV to hit
hard, afflict grievously, wear down, ruin,
kanaqa u (kanq) to choke ( s.o.); to destroy, crush ( s.o., s.th.; said of fate)
suffocate, stifle, smother, strangle,
throttle, choke to death ( s.o.); to throttle kanan obscene language; s.th.
down (techn.; s.th.); to slow down, cut, indecent or obscene; prostitution;
check, suppress ( s.th.) III to quarrel, fornication
have a fight ( with s.o.) VI to quarrel, kawja pl. -t sir, Mr. (title and form of
dispute, have a fight ( with s.o.) VII address, esp., for Christians and
pass. of I; VIII to he throttled, be Westerners, used with or without the
suppressed; to be tight, constricted name of the person so addressed)
(throat); to be strangled, be choked to
death kuwn, kiwn pl. akwina,
akwn2 table k. az-zna
kanq strangling, strangulation; throttling, dressing table
suppression k. al-anwar dim-
out kga (eg.) teacher, schoolmaster

kanqat (kunqat) al-yad wrist II (eg.) to rot, decay, spoil

kunq suffocation; angina (med.); kunq kauk (coll.; n. un. )peach (eg.);
and knq quinsy, diphtheria 263 plum (syr.)
(med.); pl. kawniq2 and kauka pl. kuwak skylight,
kawnq2 do. windowlike opening; wicket (of a canal
 lock, of a gate); (eg.) alley connecting two
streets
kda pl. -t, kuwad helmet
1 ) )kra ( kuwr) to low, moo
(cattle); -- kawira a ( kawar) and
kra u to decline in force or vigor; to
grow weak, spiritless, languid, to
languish, flag; to dwindle, give out
(strength)
kaur pl. akwr, krn s.o., s.th.; for s.o., for s.th.; that) II
inlet, bay
kawar weakness, fatigue,
enervation, languor, lassitude
kuwr lowing, mooing
kawwr weak, languid,
strengthless
2 fearful, timid, timorous; coward, poltroon
kr pl. kawrina parson, curate,
priest; see also under
krus choir (of a church)
kauzaqa to impale ( s.o.); to comer,
drive into a comer, get into a bad fix (
s.o.)
see
waraq kauaq wrapping paper;
blotting paper
1
k (coll.; n. un. )palm leaves
ka (eg.) plaitwork of palm
leaves (resembling that of Panama hats;
used as a tarboosh lining)
kiwwa art of palm-leaf plaiting
264
2
kawa and see
3
see
1
) )k u (kau, kiy) to
wade ( into water); to plunge, dive, rush
( into s.th.), tackle courageously (
s.th.), embark boldly ( on); to penetrate (
or into), become absorbed, engrossed
( or in); to go into a subject (), take
up ( subject), deal ( with)
( maraka) to rush into battle;
( gimra l-arb) to enter the war
kaw, plunge, rush (into);
entering, entry (into, e.g., into war, into
negotiations); penetration; search (
into), examination, discussion, treatment (
of a subject)
maka pl. -t, makwi2
ford
2
see
) )kfa (1st pers. perf. kiftu) a (kauf,
makata, kfata) to be frightened,
scared; to be afraid ( or . of), dread (
or s.o. or s.th.); to fear ( or
and IV to frighten, scare, alarm, fill with
fear ( s.o.) V = I
kauf fear, dread ( of);
kaufan for fear ( of), fearing ( for)
kfa fear, dread ( of)
kawwf, kawf fainthearted,
akwaf2 more timorous; more
dreadful, more to be feared
makfa fear, dread
(makfatan) for fear that ..., afraid that ...
makwif2 (pl. zu )fears,
apprehensions, anxieties; horrors, dangers,
perils
takwf and ikfa
intimidation, bullying, cowing,
frightening, scaring
takawwuf fear, dread
kif pl. kuwwaf fearful,
timid, timorous; scared, frightened,
alarmed ( by); afraid ( of); anxious (
about), apprehensive ( for)
makf feared, dreaded;
dangerous, perilous
mukf fear-inspiring, frightful,
dreadful, terrible, horrible
look up alphabetically
II to grant, accord, give, concede ( to
s.o. s.th., also ; esp., the right, the
power to do s.th.), bestow, confer (
upon s.o. s.th., also ) , vest, endow (
s.o. with s.th., also. )
kl pl. akwl, kul,
kula (maternal) uncle; -- (pl. kln)
mole, birthmark (on the face);

O patch, beauty spot
kla pl. -t (maternal) aunt
kawal chattels, property, esp., that
consisting in livestock and slaves;
servants; (eg.) dancer; effeminate person,
sissy
kaul supervisor, overseer (of a
plantation); gardener
kula relationship of the
maternal uncle
mukawwal authorized ( to)
look up alphabetically
1
) )kana u (kaun, kiyna) to be
disloyal, faithless, false, treacherous,
perfidious, act disloyally, treacherously,
perfidiously ( toward s.o.); to betray (
s.o.); to cheat, dupe, gull, hoodwink (
s.o.), impose ( upon), deceive (
ones wife); to fool, deceive, mislead 265
( s.o.; said, e.g., of the memory); to
forsake, let down, desert ( s.o.); to fail (
s.o.; e.g., the voice, and the like); to fail to
keep ( e.g., a promise), break (
ahdan a contract) II to regard as or call
faithless, false, disloyal, treacherous,
dishonest, unreliable ( s.o.); to distrust,
mistrust ( s.o.) V to impair, harm, hurt,
prejudice ( s.th.) VIII to dupe, gull,
cheat, deceive, double-cross, betray ( s.o.)
X istakwana to distrust, mistrust (
s.o.)
kiyna faithlessness, falseness,
disloyalty, treachery, perfidy; breach of
faith, betrayal; treason; deception, fooling
k. al-amna breach of faith; disappointed
( um) high treason; ) )kra i to choose, make ones choice;
breach of promise
kan faithless, false, disloyal,
traitorous, treacherous, perfidious;
unreliable, tricky, deceptive
kawwn unreliable, faithless,
disloyal, treacherous, perfidious; traitor
kin pl. kuwwn, pick ( s.o., s.th.) VIII to choose, make
kawana disloyal, faithless, false,
unreliable, traitorous, treacherous,
perfidious; traitor
2 ... (jiwrih) approx.: the Lord has
and look up alphabetically
3
look up alphabetically
1
kaw i ( kaw, kawan) to be
empty, be hungry; -- kawiya a (
kaw) to be empty, bare, dreary, desolate,
waste
kaw and kawan
emptinessv(of the stomach), hunger
kwin empty, vacant; dreary, waste,
desolate ( urih)
completely devastated; k. l-
wif (= ) with an empty pouch,
empty-handed, without a catch
III to join ( s.o.), join the company of (),
accompany ( s.o.)
kuwaiy little brother
kuwa brotherliness, fraternity (=
ukwa)
mukwin brotherly, fraternal
kiyr (coll.; n. un. )cucumber
k. anbar (eg.) drumstick tree, purging
cassia (Cassia fistula; bot.); k.
qaa (eg.) gherkins, pickles
) )kba i ( kaiba) to fail, miscarry,
be without success, be unsuccessful; to be
frustrated, be dashed, be disappointed
(hopes); to go wrong II and IV to cause to
fail; to thwart, frustrate, fail, defeat (
s.th.); to disappoint, dash ( mlah
s.o.s hopes) V = I
kaiba failure, miscarriage, defeat,
frustration; fizzle, flop; disappointment
walad k., f. bint k. (eg.) a
good-for-nothing, a neer-do-well
kib failing; abortive, unsuccessful;
to prefer ( s.th. to) II to make or let (
s.o.) choose ( between, from), give (
s.o.) the alternative, option or choice (
between, in); to prefer ( s.th. to)
III to vie, compete ( with s.o.); to make or
let ( s.o.) choose, give ( s.o.) the choice,
option or alternative V to choose, select,
ones choice; to choose, select, elect, pick
( s.o., s.th.), fix upon s.o. or s.th. (
;)to prefer ( s.th. to)
taken ... unto Himself X to seek or request
what is good or best ( )for o.s. ( from
s.o.); to consult an oracle, cast lots
to ask God for proper guidance in
kair pl. kiyr, akyr good;
excellent, outstanding, superior,
admirable; better; best; - (pl.
kuyr) good thing, blessing; wealth,
property; -- good, benefit, interest,
advantage; welfare; charity the
best of all people; the choice or option ( in), volunteering,
beat people, the pick of the human race;
he ill better than you; it is
better for you; the very best;
( mm) the commonweal, general
welfare; welfare state; selection, selected writings, anthology;
for the benefit of; li-k. anfusihim
for their own good; charitable
deeds; ab al-k. and see
good morning! ( dakarah)
to retain a good impression. of s.o.; to
speak well of s.o.
kair charitable, beneficent,
benevolent, philanthropic
(jamya) charitable organization
kairya charity, charitableness,
benevolence, beneficence
kayyir generous, liberal,
openhanded, munificent; charitable,
beneficent, benevolent; benign, gracious,
kind
kaira pl. -t good deed, good
thing; pl. resources, treasures (e.g.,
of the earth, of a country), boons,
blessings
kra and kiyara the best, choice,
prime, flower, pick, elite
kr gillyflower (bot.)
akyar 2, f. kr, kr pl.
akyir2 better, superior
kiyr choice; option, exercise of
the power of choice (Isl. Law); refusal,
right of withdrawal (Isl. Law); the best,
choice, prime, flower, pick, elite; see also
alphabetically
kiyr optional, facultative;
voluntary
iktiyr choice; election (also pol.;
pl. -t); selection; preference ( to);
option; free will (philos.); iktiyran
of ones own accord, spontaneously,
voluntarily
iktiyr voluntary, facultative,
elective (studies)
mukayyar having the choice or
option
muktr free to choose, having the
muktran (adv.) voluntarily,
spontaneously, of ones own accord;
choice, select, exquisite; chosen,
preferred, favorite; a favorite;
(pl. maktr2) village chief, mayor of
a village (yr., Leb., Ir.)
) )ksa i ( kais, kayasn) to
break ( an agreement, a promise)
kai sackcloth, sacking, canvas
kai place of sackcloth; (pl. -t,
kiya) sack; straw mattress, pallet;
Bedouin tent
see
) )ka i (kai) and II to sew, stitch (
s.th.)
kai pl. kuy, aky,
kn thread; twine cord; pack-
thread, string; fiber k. amal a
spark of hope, a thread of hope
kai threadlike; fibrous
kiy needle
kiya swing; needlework,
tailoring, dressmaking sewing
machine
kayy pl. -n tailor
kayya pl. -t dressmaker; seam-
stress
mikya needle
ki tailor 267
1
) )kl to imagine, fancy, think,
believe, suppose ( that); to consider,
deem, think ( s.o. to be , s.th. to
be ...), regard ( s.o. as, s.th. as) II to
make ( s.o.) believe ( that), suggest (
to s.o., s.th.), give s.o. ( )the
impression that (( )( makyil2) indication, sign, symptom,
(kuyyila) he imagined, fancied, thought characteristic; pl. visions, mental
that it seemed, it appeared to him that ; images, imagery
( kayyalat; being takyl playacting fann
understood) as the heart dictates, i.e., as at-t. dramatic art
chance will have it, at random,
unhesitatingly IV to be dubious, doubtful, takayyul pl. -t imagination,
uncertain, intricate V to imagine, fancy ( phantasy; delusion, hallucination, fancy,
s.th.); to present itself, reveal itself ( to whim, fantastic notion
s.o.s mind), become the object of takayyul fantastic, fanciful,
imagination. appear (= II kuyyila; to imaginary
s.o.) ( kaira) to suspect good
qualities in s.o., have an inkling of s.o.s iktiyl pride; arrogance,
good qualities, think well of s.o., have haughtiness
good opinion of s.o. VI to pretend ( to mukayyil imagination, phantasy
s.o. s.th., that ...), act ( toward s.o., as
if); to feel self-important, be conceited; to mukl dubious, doubtful, uncertain,
behave in pompous manner, swagger, intricate, tangled, confused; confusing,
strut about; to conceive eccentric ideas, bewildering
get all kinds of fantastic notions, have muktl conceited, haughty,
bee in ones bonnet; to appear dimly, in arrogant
shadowy outlines; to appear, show ( 2
II to gallop (on horseback)
on), hover ( about; e.g., smile about
s.o.s lips) flit ( across, e.g., shadow kail (coll.) pl. kuyl horses;
across s.o.s face, etc.) VIII to feel self- horsepower, H.P. horse racing,
important, be conceited; to behave in horse race
pompous manner, swagger, strut about kayyl pl. , -n horseman, rider
kayl pl. akyil disembodied kayyl cavalry (Ir.; Eg. 1939)
spirit, ghost, specter; imagination;
phantom, apparition; phantasm, fantasy, sary kayyl cavalry
chimera, vision; shadow, trace, dim squadron (Eg. 1939) 268
reflection k. aakk slightest 2
see
doubt; k. a-ar scarecrow; 1
k. a-ill shadow play II to pitch ones tent, to camp; to settle
down; to stay, linger, rest, lie down, lie (
kayl pl. -t ghost, spirit, on, or at place); (fig.) to reign
specter; phantom; phantasm, fantasy, (e.g., calm, silence, peace, etc.; or at,
chimera in), settle ( over) V to pitch ones tent;
kayl imaginary, unreal; ideal, to camp
ideational, conceptual; utopian aim pl. -t, iym,
2
akyal more conceited, haughtier, iyam tent; tarpaulin; arbor, bower;
prouder pavilion
akyal pl. kl, akyil2 green ayym tentmaker
woodpecker muayyam pl. -t camping ground,
2
kuyal (f.) conceit, camp, encampment
conceitedness, haughtiness, pride; 2
m natural disposition, nature, temper,
al-kuyal haughtily, proudly character; inclination, bent, tendency
kaill conceit, conceitedness, ( eg.) to fool s.o.s pulse, sound s.o.
snobbery, arrogance, haughtiness out
3
makl conceit, conceitedness, look up alphabetically
snobbery, arrogance, haughtiness; (pl. ayya pl. -t noose

daaba a (dab, dab, dub) to
persist, persevere, be indefatigable,
untiring, tireless ( or in s.th.); to go
in for s.th. (), apply o.s., devote o.s. (
to), practice eagerly ( s.th.)
dab pl. adub habit
dab, daab and dub
persistence, perseverance, tirelessness,
indefatigability, assiduity, eagerness
daib and dib addicted,
devoted, persistent, assiduous, eager,
indefatigable, untiring, tireless ( in)
dab untiring, tireless,
indefatigable, persevering, persistent
adab2 more persistent, more
assiduous
dda governess, dry nurse, nurse
dg pl. -t brand (made on cattle, etc.)
dl name of the letter
dliy dahlia(s) (bot.)
dm checkers lauat ad-d. s.th.); to put in good style, formulate,
checkerboard
see ( s.th.)
( Fr. dentelle) dantilla lace
dnaq, dniq pl. dawniq2 an ancient
coin. = 1/4 dirham; small coin; a square
measure (Eg.; = 4 sahm = 29.17 m2)
dannmark Denmark
danmark Danish
ad-dnb the Danube
dya pl. -t wet nrse; midwife
dabba i (dabb, dabb) to creep, crawl
(reptile); to proceed, advance, or move
slowly; to go on all fours; to enter (
s.th.), come ( into); to steal, creep (
into s.o.s heart; of a feeling, e.g.,
doubt); to spread ( over, in, through),
fill, pervade, invade ( s.th.) ; to gain
ground; to gain ascendancy ( in s.o.; of
a condition, an idea, a sensation); to
stream in, ruah in (of sensations, upon
s.o.) ( d. al-ayh) to gain
vitality II to sharpen, point, taper ( s.th.)
dubb pl. adbb, dibaba
bear ( agar) Little Bear, Ursa
Minor (astron.); ( akbar) Great
Bear, Ursa Major (astron.) 269
dubb ursine
dabba sand hill, mound
dabb creeping, crawling;
infiltration; influx, inflow, flow (e.g., of
sensations, of life, of vigor); reptile
dabbb creeping, crawling, repent,
reptant
dabbba pl. -t tank, armored car
midabb:
(maabbih) from the lower Nile to its
mouth
dbba pl. dawbb2 animal,
beast; riding animal (horse, mule, donkey)
duwaibba tiny animal, animalcule;
insect
mudabbab pointed, tapered
II to embellish, decorate, adorn, ornament (
compose, write down, put down in writing
dbj pl. dabbj2 silk
brocade
dbja (n. un. of )brocade;
introductory verses or lines, proem,
preamble; face, visage; style, elegance of
style; renown, repute, standing, prestige
tadbj embellishment, adornment,
ornamentation; composition, writing (of a
book)
mudabbajt embellishments of
speech, fine figures of speech
dabdaba to tread, tap
dabdaba sound of footsteps,
footfall, pitapat; pattering or clattering
noise; snapping, flapping noise
dabdba pl. dabdb2 point,
tip, tapered end
1
dabara u ( dubr) to turn ones back;
to elapse, pass, go by (time) II to make
arrangements, make plans ( for),
prepare, plan, organize, design, frame,
devise, concert, arrange, get up, bring
about ( s.th.); to hatch ( a plot, etc.); to
contrive, work up ( a ruse); to direct,
conduct, manage, run, engineer, steer,
marshal, regulate ( s.th.), be in charge (
of); to manage well, economize ( s.th.)
( kiatan) to devise a plan;
to conduct the course of business,
be in charge IV to turn ones back ( or
on s.o.); to flee, run away; to escape,
dodge; to slip away V to be prepared,
planned, organized, managed; to reflect,
ponder ( or on); to consider, weigh,
contemplate ( or s.th.); to treat or
handle with care, with circumspection (
s.th.) VI to face in opposite directions,
stand back to back; to be contrary,
opposite, opposed; to be inconsistent,
incompatible X to turn the back ( on s.o.)
dubr, dubur pl. adbr rump 2
backside, buttocks, posteriors; rear part,
Rear, hindpart; back; last part, end, tail
behind, at the back, in the rear; from
behind, from the rear; wall
duburah to turn ones back; to flee, run
away
dabar trailing behind, belated,
late
dabra turn (of fate)
dabr west wind
dabbr pl. -t dabbr2 hornet;
wasp
tadbr pl. -t planning,
organization; direction, management,
disposal, regulation; economy,
economization; -- (pl. tadbr2)
measure, move, step t. al- dabaka u (dabk) to stamp the feet; to dance
manzil housekeeping, household
management; ( manzil) do.;
and which the dancers, lined up with looked
(ittakada,qma) to take the necessary
measures
idbr flight, retreat
tadabbur reflection, meditation (
on), thinking ( about); consideration,
contemplation ( of)
taddbur disparity, dissimilarity,
contrast
dbir past, bygone (time); the
ultimate, utmost, extremity. end; root
( dbira -ai) to eradicate,
root out s.th., suppress s.th. radically;
( amsi) sometime in the past;
( ka-amsi d-dbiri) to vanish
into thin air, disappear without leaving a
trace (actually: like yesterday gone by)
mudabbir manager, director; ruler,
disposer; leader; ringleader
schemer, intriguer, intrigant
mudbir: mudbiran wa-
muqbilan from the rear and from in front
2
dubra (= ) packthread, string,
twine, cord, rope j thread
1
dibs sirup, molasses, treacle, esp. of
grapes
dabbs pl. dabbs2 pin; safety pin
safety pin
daba junk, rubbish, trash; -- dab
rubblestone, rubble; crushed rock (used as
substratum in macadamizing)
dabaga a i u (dabg) to tan ( a hide)
dibga tanning, tanners trade
dabbg tanner
madbaga pl. madbig 2
tannery
dabiqa a (dabaq) to stick, adhere ( to); to
cleave, cling ( to) II to catch with
birdlime ( a bird)
dibq birdlime
dabiq sticky, gluey, limy
the dabka (see below)
dabka (syr.) a group dance in
arms or holding hands, stamp out the
rhythm and sing
dibla pl. dibal ring
diblm and diblma pl. -t diploma
diblms diplomatic; diplomat
diblmsya diplomacy
 datara u ( dutr) to fall into oblivion,
be forgotten, become obsolete, antiquated,
extinct; to be blotted out, wiped out,
effaced, obliterated (track by the wind) II
to cover, envelop ( s.o.); to destroy,
annihilate ( s.th.) V to wrap o.s. ( in),
cover o.s. ( with) VII to be or become
wiped out, blotted out, effaced,
obliterated; to be old; to be forgotten, have
fallen into oblivion, be obsolete VIII
iddatara to wrap o.s. ( in), cover o.s. (
with)
ditr pl. dutur blanket, cover
madtr past, bygone, ancient
(time)
dajja i (dajj, dajj) to walk slowly II
to arm s.o. to the teeth
dujj (syr.) thrush (zool.)
dujja intense darkness, pitch-
darkness
dajj (coll.) chickens; fowl (as a
generic designation)
dajja (n. un.) hen; chicken
d. al-aba guinea fowl
mudajjaj bi-s-sil heavily
armed, bristling with arms 271
dajira a (dajar) to be embarrassed, be at a
loss
dajr pl. dayjr2 gloom,
darkness, dark
daijri dark, gloomy
dajala u to deceive, dupe, cheat, take in (
s.o.); to be a swindler, a charlatan, a
quack II to coat, smear ( s.th.); to gild (
s.th.); to deceive, dupe, cheat, take in (
s.o.), impose ( on)
dajl deceit, trickery, humbug,
swindle
dajjl pl. -n, dajjila down, collapse; catastrophe
swindler, cheat, imposter; quack,
charlatan (fem. ;)Antichrist
tadjl imposture, humbug;
charlatanry, quackery
2 roll, roll along; to roll down
dijla the Tigris river
dajana u (dajn, dujn) to be dusky,
murky, gloomy (day); -- (dujn) to
remain, stay; to get used, become
accustomed, become habituated; to
become tame, be domesticated II to tame;
to domesticate ( an animal)
( li-kidmati f.) to put s.th. or s.o. to use
for s.o., make s.th. or s.o. of service to s.o.
III to flatter, cajole, coax, wheedle, try to
win or entice by gentle courtesy ( s.o.) IV
to be murky, gloomy, overcast (day); to be
dark (night)
dujna, dujunna darkness,
gloominess, gloom
adjan2 dark
djin tame, tamed, domesticated
(animal); dark, gloomy
(ayawnt) domestic animals
dawjin2 poultry
) )daj u to be dark, gloomy, dusky; to
overshadow, cover, veil, shroud, blanket (
s.th.), spread ( over) III to play the
hypocrite, JlOIl'l as a friend ( of s.o.); to
cajole, flatter ( s.o.)
dujan gloom, darkness, duskiness
dayj l-lail dark of night
mudjh hypocrisy; flattery,
adulation, sycophancy
djin dark, gloomy
II tadadaa to waddle
dada and dad dumpy,
squat, stocky
daara a (dar, )to drive away, chase
away ( s.o.); to dislodge, remove ( s.o.);
to defeat ( an army) VIII to be driven
away, be routed, be repelled, be thrown
back; to be defeated (army); to go under,
go to ruin, succumb, break down, collapse
indir banishment, rejection;
(pl. -t) defeat (mil.); ruin, fall, break-
ind. al-k. end of the world
madr routed, repelled;
expelled, cast out; ostracized, banished
daraja to roll ( s.th.) II tadaraja to
dis pl. dawis whitlow, felon (med.)
 daasa a (das) to insert, thrust in, shove )) dukila f aqlihi (f jismih) to
in, foist in, smuggle in VII to interfere, suffer from a mental (physical)
meddle; to mix disturbance II to make or let enter, bring
in, let in ( s.o., s.th.); to enter, insert,
daa a to be invalid, void, untenable
include ( s.th., or in) III to come
(argument); to disprove, refute, invalidate
over s.o. (), befall, seize ( s.o.; e.g.,
( an argument) II and IV to disprove,
doubt, suspicion, despair) IV to make or
refute, invalidate ( an argument)
let enter, bring in, let in, admit, lead in,
da refutation, disproof show in ( s.o.); to move, take, haul (
du: invalidity, shakiness, or s.th. into); to incorporate, include,
weakness, refutability (of an argument or embody, insert ( or s.th. in); to
a claim) cause to set in, bring about, produce, set
off, trigger ( s.th. in); to introduce (
mi: ( daw) an s.th., e.g., an innovation, an improvement,
invalid, unjustified claim 273 in or on s.th.) ( madrasa)
) )da u (daw) to spread out, flatten, to send s.o. to school; to
level, unroll bring about a change in ...;
( udkilat) the matter was subjected
O midan pl. madin roller, to modifications V to meddle ( in),
steamroller interfere ( in, with); to interpose,
iddakara, see intervene ( in); to invade ( s.th.),
intrude, obtrude ( on), disturb ( s.th.);
dukas dolphin
to interlock, mesh, gear VI to meddle (
dikala u ( dukl) to enter (, less in, e.g., in s.o.s affairs), butt in (
frequently , also , s.th.), go, step, on a conversation); to interfere (
walk, move, come, get ( into); to in, with), interpose, intervene ( in); to
penetrate, pierce ( s.th.); to take interlock, mesh, gear; to be superimposed;
possession of s.o. (), befall, seize ( s.o.; to intergrade, shade, blend ( or
e.g., doubt); to take up ( a post), start one into the other); to come over
at a job; to enter s.o.s ( )room or s.o. (), befall, strike, seize ( s.o.; e.g.,
house, drop in on s.o. (), come to see doubt. grief)
s.o. ( ;)to call on s.o. ( ;)to
dakl income; revenues, receipts,
consummate the marriage, cohabit, sleep
returns, takings (as opposed to karj);
(", or with a woman); to come (
interference, intervention; doubt,
over s.o.; e.g., joy); (gram.) to be added (
misgiving income tax;
to); to supervene, enter as a new
( ayyu daklin) and or
factor, aspect, element, etc. ( upon
( dakla) he should not meddle in ..., he
s.th.), be newly introduced ( into s.th.);
has nothing to do with ..., it is none of his
to make ones own, acquire ( s.th.); to
business
join, enter ( or e.g., a religious
community); to participate, take part ( dakal disturbance, derangement,
in); to set in, begin (time, event); to be disorder, imbalance, or defect of the mind;
included ( in; imna), fall, come ( defect, infirmity
, under), belong, pertain ( dikla intrinsic nature, essence;
to), be within s.th. (, inner self, innermost, heart, soul (of a
;)pass.: dukila to be sickly, diseased, person); secret intention rjaa
abnormal ( tadlun) the dilatah to commune with o.s., search
matter has undergone modification; ones soul
( kidma) to take up ones post, start
at a job, report for work; dukla: lailat ad-d.
(madrasa) to enter school; wedding night
(mn) to enter the harbor, put in; dukkala a variety of warbler 273
to come to the point;
 dak1 inner, inward, internal; inner belonging, pertaining ( to), falling (
self, heart, core; -- (pl. dukal2) under), included ( in); inner, inward,
extraneous; foreign, alien; exotic; inside, interior, internal; inside, interior
foreigner, alien, stranger; not genuine, (of s.th.); dkila (prep.) within, inside, in;
false, spurious; newly added ( to); dkilan inside (adv.) from
novice; (new) convert; guest; protg, within; from the inside
charge, ward ( kalima),
dkila pl. dawkil2 interior, inside,
(laf) foreign word or expression; (syr.- inmost, hidden part; the Dakhla
pal.) ( daklak) please, if you please oasis (in central Egypt)
dakla pl. dakil2 inner self, dkil inner, inward; internal; interior,
inmost being, intrinsic nature, essence; inside; domestic, home, inland (as
heart, soul inwardly, inside, opposed to krij external, foreign;
in his heart; our inmost being; pol.); indigenous, native; private;
the underlying nature of things, belonging to the house; dkilyan
the factors at the bottom of things; inside (adv.) boarding
d. unih his private affairs, (of a students (as opposed to day
country, etc.) its internal affairs students); ( arb) civil war;
dukl entry, entranoe, admission; ( madrasa) boarding school;
entering, ingress; beginning, setting in; underwear; inland
penetration; intrusion, invasion; first navigation
coition in marriage (Isl. Law) dkilya interior the interior
d. al-arb entry into war
of the country, the inland;
duklya octroi, city toll ministry of the interior;
minister of the interior
madkal pl. madkil2 entrance;
hallway, vestibule, anteroom; entrance madkl sickly, diseased, abnormal;
hall, lobby, foyer; mouth (of a port, of a (mentally) disordered; of weak character,
canal); O anode (el.); introduction (to a spineless; (pl. madkl2) revenue,
field of learning); behavior, conduct receipts, takings, returns
( sayyrt) driveway;
dakmasa (, dakmasa) to fool (
introduction to the study of s.o.) about ones real intentions, pull the
law; usn al-m. good manners, wool over s.o.s ( )eyes; to cheat; to be
good conduct sly, crafty, artful
mudkala interference, dakmasa deception, fooling, trickery;
intervention; participation, interest ( in) cunning, craft, slyness 274
idkl leading in, showing in, dakina a to be smoky; to taste or smell of
bringing in, taking in, hauling in; smoke; -- dakina a u to smoke, emit
involvement, implication; insertion, smoke (fire) II to fumigate, fume ( s.th.);
interpolation, incorporation, inclusion; to smoke, cure with smoke ( foodstuffs);
introduction (e.g., of a constitution; of an to smoke ( a cigarette, tobacco, a pipe)
improvement, on an apparatus, or the IV to smoke, emit smoke (tire) V to be
like) smoked, be cured with smoke; to be
tadakkul entry, entrance; invasion; fumigated
interference ( with, in), intervention; dukn pearl millet, dukhn
intrusion, obtrusion adam at-
t. noninterference, nonintervention (pol.) dakan smoke, fume, vapor
tadkul interference, intervention; dukn (dukkn) pl. adkina
interlock, meshing, gearing; smoke, fume, vapor; tobacco
superimposition; intergradations; dukna smoke color; a kind of
permeation, pervasion; O interference incense (Calamus aromatious)
(phy.)
 O dakna cigarette
dakkin (eg., tun.) tobacconist
madkana pl. madkin2
chimney, smokestack, funnel
tadkn fumigation; smoking (e.g.,
of fish); (tobacco) smoking
dkina pl. dawkin2
chimney, smokestack, funnel
mudakkin smoker
look up alphabetically
daidan habit, practice
III to pamper, spoil ( a child)
darra i u (darr) to flow copiously; to
stream, flow, well; to accrue ( to s.o.;
profit, wealth); to be abundant, plentiful
IV to cause to flow; to bestow lavishly,
heap ( s.th. upon s.o.), shower,
overwhelm ( with s.th. s.o.); to yield (
a profit, to s.o.) X to stream, flow;
to be abundant; to cause or try to bring
about the abundant flow of ( ;)to cause
s.th. ( )to yield in abundance; to be out
for s.th. (), seek to gain ( a profit), try
to make ( a living)
darr milk; achievement,
accomplishment li-llhi darruh
(literally: his achievement is due to God)
how capable, how good, how excellent he
is!
durr (coll.) pearls
durra (n. un.) pl. -t, durar
pearl; -- a variety of parrot (Psittacus
A1exandri L.)
durr glittering, twinkling, brilliant
(star)
dirra, darra pl. dirar teat; udder
midrr showering abundant rain
(sky, cloud); spouting, pouring forth,
welling out
drr flowing copiously; productive,
rich, lucrative; profitable
mudirr: ( baul) diuretic(al), darbasa to bolt ( a door)
pl. diuretics; ( araq)
sudorific
daraa (dar) to reject ( s.th.); to avert,
ward off ( s.th., e.g., kaaran a
danger, from) VI iddraa to contend (
for)
dar repulsion, prevention,
averting; warding off, parrying
dara pl. -t target
darbazn railing, parapet, banisters,
balustrade
Durrs (It. Durazzo, seaport in W
Albania)
durrq (syr.) peach
drm dramatic
dariba a (darab, durba) to be
accustomed, be used ( to), be practiced,
trained, skilled ( in) II to habituate,
accustom ( s.o.) s.th., or or
to); to practice, drill ( s.o., or
in); to school, train, coach, tutor ( s.o.,
or in) V to be accustomed, be used (
or to); to be or become 275
practiced, skilled, trained, drilled,
schooled ( or in); to train (athlet.)
darb pl. durb narrow
mountain pass; path, trail, track; road;
alley, lane d. at-tabbna the
Milky Way
durba habituation, habitude, habit;
familiarity (with s.th.), experience; skill,
practice
darba court of first instance (Tun.)
tadrb habituation, accustoming;
practice; drill; schooling, training,
coaching, tutoring
(askar) military training
mudarrib pl. -n instructor, drill
instructor; trainer, coach (atthlet.); tamer
(of wild animals)
mudarrab experienced; practiced,
skilled; trained; schooled
darbazn and darbazn railing,
parapet, banisters, balustrade
dirbs pl. darbs2 bolt,
doorbolt
 darabukka (eg.), dirbakka (syr.) pl. t durj pl. adrj drawer (of a
darabukka, a conical, one-headed hand table, desk, etc.); desk (e.g., for pupils in
drum, open at the small end school)
darbaka banging or rattling noise, daraj pl. adrj way, route,
din, uproar, turmoil course; flight of steps, stairs, staircase
rajaa adrjah (also )
daraja u ( durj) to go, walk, move,
to retrace one's steps, go back the way one
proceed, advance (slowly); to approach
came; to go back, turn back; 276
gradually, step by step ( s.th.); to follow
( adrja r-riy) to go the ways of
a course (), proceed along the lines of (
the winds, i.e., to pass unnoticed, without
), proceed in such and such a manner (
leaving a trace; to end in smoke, come to
;)to go away, leave, depart; to outgrow
( a nest, a habitation); to be past, nothing, be futile, be in vain
bygone, over (time); to have passed away, daraja pl. -at step, stair; flight of
be extinct; to circulate, be in circulation, steps, stairs, staircase; degree, step, tone
be current, have currency; to grow up (of a scale; mus.); degree (math., geogr.;
(child); -- (darj) to roll up, roll together ( of temperature); grade, fate; degree, order,
s.th.); to wrap, wind, twist ( s.th. rank; club (also, e.g., in trains, of a
around); -- darija a to rise or advance step decoration); phase state, stage (of a
by step daraja l-urfu al development); mark, grade (in school)
it has become the general practice to ... II d. al-arra (degree of)
to make ( s.o.) rise or advance by steps, temperature; ( uly) the
promote ( s.o.) by degrees; to move or maximal temperatures;
bring ( s.th.) gradually closer ( to); to (sufl) the minimal temperatures;
approximate ( s.th. to); to roll up, fold d. a-l degree of longitude
up ( s.th.); to circulate, put into (geogr.); ( ) )ilmya,
circulation ( s.th.), give currency ( to jmiya) academic degree; d.
s.th.), make ( s.th.) the general practice; al-'aql level of intelligence, IQ;
to divide into degrees, steps or grades, report card (in school); ( )
graduate, grade, gradate ( s.th.); to insert, ( l) first-rate, first-class;
include, enter ( s.th. in) III to go, keep of superior quality, high-grade, high-
up ( with, e.g., with the time, with a class; ( li-darajati) to the extent
fashion) IV to insert, include, incorporate, that ... ; to such an extent that ...; to much
embody ( s.th. in); to enter, register ( that ...
s.th., e.g., in a list), book ( s.th.) V
durrj pl. darrj2 francolin
to progress by steps, advance gradually; to (zool.); see also alphabetically
proceed step by step ( to); to make
progress ( in); to graduate, grade, be tadruj2, tadruja pheasant
graded, graduated, gradated VII to be darrja pl. -at bicycle
inserted, entered, incorporated, embodied, motorcycle
included ( in); to be classified ( in,
under) X to make ( s.o.) advance or madraj pl. madrij2 way that
rise gradually, promote ( s.o.) by degrees; one follows or pursues; course, route;
to lead ( s.o.) gradually ( to), bring ( road, path; starting point, outset, rise,
s.o.) around to ( ;)to bait, allure ( growth, birth, dawn, beginning(s); tarmac,
s.o.); to entice, tempt, lure into destruction runway (of an airfield); (as also mudarraj)
( s.o.) amphitheater; (amphitheatered)
auditorium or lecture room; grandstand,
darj entry, entering, registering, bleachers since its beginnings;
registration, recording; a rolled or folded naatih the place where he
paper; roll, scroll in the grew up; ( m. ir-ruqy) to
book; d. il-kalm in the course travel the road of progress
of the talk

tadrj graduation; classification,
categorization; gradation jabal ad-d. the Jebel ed Druz, the
gradually, by and by, by mountainous homeland of the Druses in S
degrees, by steps, step by step, more and
more
tadrj gradual, gradatory,
progressive; tadrjyan gradually,
by and by, by steps, by degrees, in stages
idrj insertion, interpolation,
incorporation; entry, registration,
recording ( in a list)
tadarruj gradual advance or
progress; gradation, graduation
gradually, by and by; t. blotted out, effaced, obliterated,
irtiqihi his gradual rise
istidrj capability of gradually
winning s.o. over, persuasiveness, art of
persuasion
darrj current, prevalent,
widespread, popular, common, in vogue,
circulating, in circulation
(kalm) and ( luga) the popular
language, colloquial language
mudarraj graded, graduated; -- (pl.
-t) open staircase, open-air stairs, fliers,
stoop; grandstand, bleachers;
amphitheater; (amphitheatered)
auditorium or lecture room
mudrai inserted, interpolated,
incorporated; entered, registered;
contained, included ( , in), comprised (
, by)
darida a (darad) to become toothless, lose
ones teeth
adrad2 toothless
durd sediment, dregs, lees
dardabs ugly old woman. hag
dardara roar, rush (of water); idle talk,
prattle, chatter
dardr elm (bot.)
durdr eddy, whirlpool, vortex
dardaa idle talk, prattle, chatter 277
1
daraza u to sew, stitch
darz pl. durz seam, hem;
suture
2
durz pl. durz Druse
Syria
darasa u (dars) to wipe out, blot out,
obliterate, efface, extinguish ( s.th.); to
thresh ( grain); to learn, study ( s.th.,
under s.o.), ( ilm) to study
under (a teacher, a professor); -- u (
durs) to be effaced, obliterated, blotted
out, extinguished II to teach; to instruct (
s.o., in s.th.); III to study ( together
with s.o.) VI to study ( s.th.) carefully
together VII to become or he wiped out,
extinguished
dars effacement, obliteration,
extinction; -- (pl. durs) study,
studies; lesson, chapter (of a textbook);
class, class hour, period; lecture; lesson
(taught by experience, etc.)
(alq) to lecture on ... ; ( a)
to give lessons; ( manzilya)
homework (of a pupil or student)
dirs threshing (of grain)
dirasa pl. -t studies; study
( liya) collegiate studies;
(tnawya) attendance of a secondary
school, secondary education, high-school
education; ( mutawassia)
secondary education, high-school
education (Syr.)
dirs of or pertaining to study or
studies; scholastic, school; instructional,
educational, teaching, tuitional
tuition fees; ( sana)
academic year; scholastic year, school
year
dars dried clover
umml ad-darsa (eg.)
railroad section gang, gandy dancers
darrs pl. -n (eager) student
O darrsa flail; threshing
machineO ( ada)
combine
dirws mastiff
madrasa pl. madris2
madrasah (a religious hoarding school
associated with a mosque); school
 ( ibtidya) the lower grades of a darfl dolphin
secondary school, approx. = junior high 1
daraqa (leather) shield
school; ( awwalya) elementary
school, grade school; O daraq thyroid gland
(tnawya) secondary school, high school; daraq shield-shaped; thyroid
( tijrya) commercial college (gudda) thyroid gland
or school; ( arbya) military 2
academy; ( dilya) boarding look up alphabetically
school; ( ) )liya, uly) 1
II to last, continue, keep up (rains) III to
college; school of reach, get, catch, overtake, outdistance,
industrial arts, school of applied art and outrun ( s.o., s.th.), catch up, come up
handicraft; ( kubr) college; ( , with); to keep up, continue without
the old school (= interruption ( s.th.) IV to attain, reach (
intellectual or artistic movement) s.th.), arrive ( at); to get, catch, overtake
madras scholastic, school ( s.o., s.th.), catch up, come up ( ,
with); to come suddenly, unexpectedly (
tadrs teaching, instruction, tuition upon s.o.), overtake ( s.o.; death); to
haiat at-t. teaching staff; obtain ( s.th.); to grasp, comprehend (
faculty, professoriate (of an academic s.th.); to perceive, discern, notice ( s.th.);
institution) to realize, understand ( s.th.), become
dris pl. dawris2 effaced, aware, become conscious ( of s.th.); to
obliterated; old, dilapidated, crumbling mature, ripen (e.g., a fruit); to attain
tajaddada drisuh to rise from puberty, reach sexual maturity (boy) V
ones ashes ( ams, magb) the
sun prepared to set VI to reach and seize
mudarris pl. -n teacher, one another; to continue without
instructor; lecturer ( musid) interruption, go on incessantly; to face,
assistant professor meet, obviate, take steps to prevent (
II to arm; to armor, equip with armor ( s.th.); to put in order, set right, correct (
s.th.) V and VIII iddaraa to arm o.s., take s.th.), make amends ( for), provide
up arms, put on armor compensation or indemnity ( for a loss,
or the like) X to correct, rectify, emend (
dir m. and f., pl. dur,
s.th.); to set right, put in order, straighten
adru, adr coat of mail, hauberk;
out ( s.th.); to make good, repair, redress
(suit of) plate armor; armor plate; armor;
( a damage, a mistake, etc.), make up (
armature; (pl. adr) chemise 278
for); to supplement, supply ( that which
darra pl. -t armored cruiser is missing); to anticipate, forestall, obviate
durra pl. darr2 loose ( an event)
outer garment with sleeves, slit in front darak attainment, achievement,
dri armored, armor-clad, ironclad accomplishment; overtaking, catching up;
police; (pl. adrk) bottom, lowest
dria pl. dawr2 armored level
cruiser
darak policeman
mudarra armored; armadillo
(zool.) ( qwa) tank corps; daraka lowest level; pl. t
( sayyra) armored car; descending steps (as opposed to ;cf.
(muh) armored infantry (mil.) darajt al-ayh
wa-d. al-maut)
mudarraa pl. -t armored cruiser
darrk much-accomplishing,
darf side, flank, wing; protection efficient, successful
darfa pl. diraf leaf (of a double door madrik2 mental faculties, mental
or window) powers, intelligence, intellectual
 capacities, perception, discernment
the five senses
dirkan (adv.) constantly,
incessantly, without interruption
idrk reaching, attainment,
achievement, accomplishment; realization,
perception, discernment, awareness,
consciousness ( faqd al-i.
unconsciousness); comprehension,
understanding, grasp; reason, intelligence;
sexual maturity, puberty; age of maturity
of sinn al-i. age of discretion
(Isl. Law)
tadarruk gradual decline
istidrk redress, reparation;
correction, emendation, rectification 279
mudrik rational, reasonable,
endowed with reason, intelligent;
(sexually) mature, pubescent, at the age of
puberty
mudrakt realizations;
cognitions; fixed notions, established
concepts
2 informed, knowing better ( s.o., s.th.),
( Engl.) derrick, derrick crane
darima a to fall out (teeth) II to clip, trim (
nails)
darina a (daran) to be dirty, filthy IV do.
V to suffer from tuberculosis
duraihimt (dimin. with a
derogatory sense; approx.:) pennies
dirwa pl. -t (eg.) protecting screen or
wall; parapet
dirws mastiff
darw pl. darw2 dervish
1
dar ( dirya) to know ( or s.th.
or of s.th.); to be aware, be cognizant (
or of); to understand, comprehend ( or
s.th.) ... all of a sudden
there was ... III to flatter, treat with
flattery or gentle courtesy, cajole, coax (
s.o.); to deceive, fool, mislead ( s.o.); to
dissemble; to conceal, hide, mask,
disguise ( s.th.) IV to let ( s.o.) know (
s.th. or about s.th.), inform, notify, advise
( s.o. of) ... (adrka), also
do you realize what ... is? you
dont even know what ... means! VI to
hide, conceal o.s.
dirya knowledge, cognizance,
acquaintance
adr more knowledgeable, better
better acquainted ( with)
l-adr a skeptic
mudrh sociability, affability,
companionableness

darn pl. adrn dirt, filth; drin knowing, aware, cognizant (

tubercles; tuberculosis ( riaw)
pulmonary tuberculosis
darana (n. un.) pl. -t tubercle;
small tumor, outgrowth, excrescence,
tuberculc, nodule
daran tubercular, tuberculous
tadarrun tuberculosis
(riaw) and t. ar-ria pulmonary
tuberculosis
tadarrun tuberculous
mutadarrin affected with
tubercles, tuberculated
midrh pl. madrih2 spokesman
dirham pl. darhim2 dirhem,
drachma (Ir. = coin of 50 ;)a weight
(Eg. = 1/12 = ca. 3.12 g);
money, cash
of s.th.)
2
midran, midra (= mirdan),
midrh pl. madrin pole (esp.
one for punting boats)
diryq (= )theriaca; antidote
( It. dozzina) dazzna dozen
dassa u (dass) to put, get, slip, shove,
thrust, insert ( s.th. into); to bury (
s.th. in the ground); to instill, infuse (
s.th. in); to administer surreptitiously
( as-samma poison, to s.o.); to foist (
s.th. into); to smuggle ( s.th. into,
s.o. among); to interpolate ( s.th.); to
intrigue, scheme, plot ( , against s.o.)
to engage in secret
machinations, intrigue scheme II to put in,
get in, slip in, shove in, thrust in, insert (
s.th.); to hide, conceal ( s.th.) V to
engage (secretly, in); to be hidden (
 in) VII to slip ( between or among, disembir, disambir December
into), creep, steal, sneak ( among,
II to introduce, bring in ( s.th.) V to be
into), 280 infiltrate ( s.th.); to ingratiate hidden, concealed; to penetrate ( into)
o.s., insinuate o.s. ( or to s.o., into
s.o.s confidence); to be hidden ( Fr. douche) du shower, douche
dassa pl. dasis intrigue, da and a kind of porridge made
machination, scheme, plot of crushed wheat and butter
dass ad-d. machinations, intrigues, dat junk, trash, rubbish, refuse
scheming, plotting ( against); plot,
conspiracy II to hand over, present ( s.th.); to
consecrate, dedicate, inaugurate ( s.th.)
dasss pl. -n intriguant,
intriguer, schemer, plotter, conspirator; tadn consecration, dedication,
sand snake (Eryx jaculus) inauguration consecration of
1
the church
dast pl. dust place of honor, seat
of honor, seat of office; council V to belch, burp, eruct
d. al-ukm (a rulers) throne daa see
2
dist pl. dust kettle, boiler, caldron da to rebuff, turn down (contemptuously,
made of copper (eg., syr.) II the poor, an orphan)
3
dasta dozen; pack, packet, package daaba a ( duba) to joke, jest, make
2
dustr pl. dastr statute; fun ( with s.o.) III to play, toy ( with
regulations; by-laws; (basic) constitutional s.th., with s.o.); to joke, jest, make fun (
law; constitution (pol.); -- (colloq.) dastr with s.o.); to give ( s.o.) a good-natured
permission slap or smack ( ;)to flirt ( with a
woman) ; to dally, philander, play around
dustr constitutional ( with a woman); to play ( about s.o.;
constitutional form of government e.g., waves); to stroke gently, caress,
dustrya constitutionality fondle ( s.th.); to beguile, tempt, delude (
adam ad-d. unconstitutionality s.o.; said of hopes); to play ( a musical
instrument) to play on the
dasara u (dasr) to push, shove, push off ( piano VI to make fun, have fun together,
s.th.) have a good time
O dsir propeller, airscrew dib joking, jocose, playful, jolly,
daskara pl. daskir2 village gay, funny 281
dasam fatness (of meat); fat, grease duba pl. -t joking, jesting, fun-
dasim fat; fatty, greasy, grimy, making, fun; joke, jest
grubby; rich, abundant, substantial; meaty, dab jocose, playful, jolly, gay
pithy, full of thoughts (e.g., reading mudaba pl. -t play, fun-
material) making, fun; joke, jest; pleasantry;
adsam2, f. dasm2, pl. dalliance, flirtation, philandery
dusm very fat; fatty, greasy, grimy, dib joking, jocose, playful, jolly,
grubby; -- richer, more substantial, pithier gay, funny
dasma fattiness, greasiness, mudib joking, jesting
griminess, grubbiness
dibil frog spawn, frogs eggs
dusma fatness; richness,
substantiality mudabal indisposed, out of sorts;
round, ball-shaped
dassm plug, stopper
adaj2, f. daj2, pl. duj black-
daisam amaranth (bot.) eyed; deep-black and large (eye)
 daira a (daar) to be immoral s.o.; properly: to invoke God against s.o.),
call down evil, invoke evil ( upon s.o.);
daar immorality, indecency
to propagate, propagandize ( s.th.), make
dair unchaste, lewd, licentious, propaganda, make publicity ( for); to
dissolute, obscene, bawdy, immoral, demand, require ( s.th.), call for ( ;)to
indecent call forth, bring about, cause, provoke,
dara, dira indecency, occasion ( s.th.), give rise ( to)
immorality, licentiousness, debauchery ( duya) to be summoned, be called
bait ad-d. brothel into session (parliament);
duiya il amli a-sil to be called
dir pl. dur unchaste, up for military service, be called to the
lewd, licentious, dissolute, obscene, colors; ... (yud) a man
bawdy, indecent, immoral called ..., a man by the name of ...;
daasa a (das) to tread underfoot, ( li l-umr) he wished him a
trample down, crush ( s.th.); to knock long life III to challenge ( s.o.); to pick a
down, run over ( s.o.; automobile) VII quarrel ( with); to proceed judicially (
pass. of I against), prosecute ( s.o.) VI to challenge
each other, call each 282 other forth or
daaka a (dak) to rub ( s.th.); to scrub, out, summon each other; to evoke one
scour ( s.th.); to scrub on a washboard ( another (thoughts, reminiscences,
laundry); to crush, squash, mash ( sentiments); to be dilapidated, be tumble-
s.th.); to crumple ( paper) down, threaten to fall (walls); to sink,
daama a (dam) and II to support, hold up subside, cave in; to fall down, sink to the
( s.th.); to prop, shore up, stay, buttress, ground (person); to collapse, break down,
underpin ( s.th.); to cement, consolidate, decline, degenerate (fig., of a cultural
strengthen ( s.th.) VIII iddaama to phenomenon); to dock together, rally VIII
be supported; to rest, be based ( on) idda to allege, claim, maintain (
s.th., that); to lay claim ( to s.th.),
dama pl. diam support, prop
demand, claim ( s.th.); to make undue
dima pl. -t, daim2 claims ( to s.th.), arrogate (to o.s.),
support, prop, stay, shore; pier; buttress; assume unduly or presumptuously (
pillar (esp. fig., e.g., pillars of s.th.); to effect, feign, simulate, pretend,
authority) purport ( s.th.); to testify (in court); to
tadm support, strengthening, accuse ( or s.o. of), charge ( or
reinforcement, consolidation, s.o. with), blame ( or s.o. for),
underpinning hold s.th. ( or )against s.o. ( )X to
call or send ( for s.o.), summon ( s.o.); to
)and ( da u ( du) to call ( cite, summon for examination or trial (
s.o.); to summon ( or s.o.), call or send s.o.; court, police); to recall ( s.o., e.g., a
for s.o. ( or ;)to call up ( s.o., diplomatic envoy); to call, appoint ( s.o.,
for); to call upon s.o. (), appeal to s.o. () e.g., a professor to a chair); to invoke (
for s.th. or to do s.th. ( ), invite, urge ( s.o.); to invite, urge ( s.o. to do s.th.),
s.o. to do s.th.); to invite, ask to suggest ( to s.o. s.th. or to do s.th.),
come ( s.o. to; e.g., to a banquet); to call upon s.o. ( )to do s.th. (), appeal (
move, induce, prompt ( s.o. to do to s.o. for s.th. or to do s.th.); to call
s.th.), prevail ( on s.o. to do s.th.); for (), require, demand, necessitate,
to call ( s.o. by a name), name ( make necessary or requisite ( s.th.)
s.o. so and so), pass.: duiya to be
called, be named; to invoke ( God = to dawa call; appeal; bidding,
pray to); to wish ( s.o.) well, bless ( demand, request; call, convocation,
s.o.; properly: to invoke God in favor of summons ( to), calling up, summoning;
s.o.), invoke a blessing ( )upon s.o. (), (official) summons, citation; invitation;
pray ( for s.th., on behalf of s.o.), claim, demand, plea; missionary activity,
implore ( for s.o. s.th.); to curse ( missionary work (also nar ad-
 d.), propaganda; -- (pl. daawt)
invocation, imploration, supplication,
prayer; good wish good
wishes; ( arr) imprecation,
curse; host
daw pl. daw,
dawin allegation, pretension; claim;
lawsuit, case, action, legal proceedings
(Isl. Law) on the pretext that ...
2
day pl. adiy adopted
son; bastard; braggart, bigmouth, show-
off; pretender; swindler, impostor
du pl. adiya call;
invocation of God, supplication, prayer;
request, plea; good wish ( for s.o.);
imprecation, course ( against s.o.)
ad more conducive, more
stimulating, of greater incentive ( to),
causing or provoking to a greater extent (
s.th.)
dawa, diwa pl. -t propaganda
(pol.); publicity ( for)
daw, diw propagandistic
diya propaganda (pol.)
di propagandistic
madh determining factor,
decisive motive or incentive, cause,
occasion
tadin imminent collapse,
impending breakdown; mutual
summoning tad l-man
association of ideas
iddi pl. -t claim; arrogation,
undue assumption, presumption;
allegation; pretension, pretense;
accusation, charge; the prosecution
(in a court of justice)
istid summons, summoning;
recall, calling back; official summons,
citation
din pl. duh one who invites,
inviter; propagandist; host; motive,
reason, cause ( diya) it is not
necessary, there is no need, there is no
cause ( for)
diya one who calls for s.th. (), invites
to s.th. ( ;)propagandist (with foll. genit.
or : of s.th.), herald; 283 (pl.
dawin) motive, reason, cause, occasion;
pl. requirements, exigencies
warmonger; li-dawin
iya for reasons of health;
it gives me great pleasure ...
madw one invited, guest; called,
named, by the name of
mutadin evoking one another,
one leading to the other (reminiscences,
thoughts); frail. shaky (constitution);
dilapidated, tumble-down; ready to fall,
threatened with collapse; declining, in a
stage of decline, on the downgrade
mudain one who makes an
allegation or pretension, alleger,
pretender; claimer, claimant; plaintiff;
prosecutor (jur.); arrogant, presumptuous,
bumptious ( umm) the
public prosecutor; ( mm) do.
(Mor.)
mudaan claimed; the
defendant (jur.); pl. mudaayt
claims, pretensions
mustadin applicant, petitioner
dagdaga to tickle ( s.o.); to crush; to
chew, munch ( s.th.)
1
dagara a (dagr, dagr) to attack (
s.o.). fall upon s.o. ()
dagr attack, assault
dagr attack, assault
2
dugr (eg., syr.) direct, straight; straight
ahead
IV adgaat id-duny it became
dark, twilight fell
daga darkness, dusk, twilight
daga darkness, dusk
dagia a (daga) to be chock-full, on tile
point of bursting
dgia pl. dawgi knee-pan,
kneecap, patella
dagal pl. adgl, digl place with
luxuriant tree growth; thicket, bush,
jungle; -- defectiveness, faultiness,
corruption
 dagil covered with dense
undergrowth (place); impenetrable;
corrupted
mudgil covered with dense
undergrowth (place); false, perfidious,
insidious (in character)
IV and VIII iddagama to put (
s.th. into), insert, incorporate, embody (
s.th. in); (gram.) to contract ( one
letter into another), assimilate ( s.th.
to) VII to be incorporated, embodied,
merged, amalgamated; to be assimilated,
contracted
daffa i ( daff) to flap the wings (bird)
II to hurry, rush
daff pl. duff side; lateral
surface
duff, daff pl. duff tambourine
daffa side; leaf (of a double door or
window); cover (of a book), the two
covers of a book; rudder, helm or
mudr ad-d. steersman,
helmsman; to take the
helm, make o.s. the leader; yad ad-
d. tiller; ( eg.) all together,
one and all, all without exception
diffya (eg.) loose woolen cloak
dafia a and dafua u to be warm; to
feel warm II and IV to warm, heat (
s.th.) V, VIII iddafaa and X to warm
o.s.
dif warmth, warmness, heat
dafi and daf warm
dafn2, f. daf warm
dif heating
dafa warmth, warmness, heat
daffya pl. -t stove 284
midfa and midfaa pl.
madfi2 stove, heating stove
tadfia heating, generation of heat
daftar pl. daftir 2 booklet; notebook,
copybook; daybook, journal; ledger
(com.); roster, register, official register
( isb) account book; bank-
book, passbook; d. al-isbt
letter file, letter book, folder, portfolio;
publication setting forth the
terms of a purchase, the conditions of a
lease, the stipulations of a contract, or the
like; subscription booklet;
d. a-undq cashbook (com.);
cadastre, land register; d.
al-yaumya diary, journal; mask
ad-d. bookkeeping
daftarkna archives, public
records office (Eg.)
d. al-amlk al-aqrya land-registry
office (Tun.)
diftriy diphtheria
dafara to push, push back ( s.o.); dafira a
(dafar) to stink
dafar stench
dafir stinking, fetid
dafasa to hide (A s.th.); to push
dafaa a (daf) to push; to push away,
shove away, push back, drive back, repel,
remove, dislodge, drive away ( s.o.,
s.th. from); ( jniban) to push,
shove, or elbow, s.o. aside; to rid (
o.s., of s.th.), get rid of s.th.; to get the
better ( of s.o., of s.th.), conquer,
master control ( s.o., s.th.); to fight (
s.th. with); to reject, repudiate ( s.th.);
to rebut, refute, disprove ( s.th.); to
propel, drive ( s.th.); to move, cause,
urge, impel, egg on, goad ( or s.o.,
or to do s.th.), induce, incite, force,
compel, oblige ( or s.o., or to),
make s.o. ( or )do s.th. ( or ;)to
band over, present, turn over ( or
s.th. to s.o.); to pay ( tamanan a price,
or to s.o.) ( kuh) to
wend ones way to III to resist, withstand
( s.o., .s.th.). offer resistance ( to); to
contradict, oppose ( s.o., so as to make
him abstain from s.th.), dissuade ( s.o.,
from); to suppress ( s.th.); to defend (
s.o., s.th.), uphold ( s.th.); to be
entrusted with the defense ( of s.th., of
s.o., also jur.) V to dash forward; to dart
off, rush off; to pour forth, flow, stream,
gush forth (water); to spring up, make
itself felt (an idea, a social tendency, and
the like) VI to shove or push one another;
to push or shove one another away or
aside; to push off, shove off ( from); to
issue in intermittent bursts, gush forth a-uhr marking of exact noon by cannon
intermittently; to burst forth, rush out, shot
sally ( from); to be propelled, be driven
midfa gun-, cannon-, artillery-
forward; to storm forward VII to dart off,
(in compounds); artilleryman, gunner,
rush off; to proceed rashly, blindly, cannoneer
without forethought; to be too impetuous,
be too hotheaded; to plunge headlong ( midfaya artillery
into s.th.); to rush, dart. make ( at s.th.), dif protection; defense ( of
pounce ( on s.th.); to rush off, hurry off, s.th., of s.o., also jur.) ka ad-d.
go quickly ( to; with foll. imperf.: to do line of defense; halfbacks (soccer);
s.th.); to give o.s. ( to s.o.); to burst forth, majlis ad-d. defense council;
gush out, pour forth, spurt, spout, flow, ministry of defense, war ministry;
run ( from; water); to let o.s. be carried ( waan) national defense;
away or be overcome ( by s.th., e.g., ( mudd) anti-aircraft
ahawtih by ones bodily defense; legitimate self-defense
appetites, by ones feelings,
by worldly things); to proceed, set dif defensive, protective
out, begin (with foll. imperf.: to do s.th.) mudfaa defense ( of s.th.)
X to try to ward off or stave off ( s.th.,
by) indif pl. -t rush(ing), plunging,
plunge ( into); outburst, outbreak
daf pushing back, shoving aside; eruption; lan, dash, impetuosity,
repulsion. driving away, driving off; rashness, hotheadedness, fire, exuberance,
dispelling; parrying, warding off, staving effusiveness; self-abandon;
off; repulse, rejection. repudiation; indifan spontaneously
rebuttal; handing over, turning in;
payment 285 indifa (n. vic.) sudden outburst,
outbreak (e.g., of wailing)
dafa (n. vic.) pl. dafat shove,
push, thrust; impetus, impact, momentum, dfi repellent, expellant; driving,
forceful impulse, drive; ejaculation; pushing, giving impetus, incentive,
payment; deposit; disbursement; pl. issues impellent, propelling, propulsive, etc.;
(stock market) repeller; payer, e.g., the tax-
payers; (pl. dawfi2) incentive,
dafa pl. dufut, dafat that impulse, impetus, spur, motive; ( with
which issues at anyone time, a burst, a foll. genit.) motivated by ..., by reason
gush, a spurt, and the like; time, instance of ..., on the strength of
( dufatan) all at one time, all at
once, in one stroke, in one fell swoop; madft payments
this time; six times; mudfi defender ( of s.o., of
( mutafwita) at different times s.th.)
daff propelling, impelling, giving dafaqa u i (dafq) to pour out, pour forth (
impetus; O piston (techn.) s.th.); -- u (dafq, dufq) to be shed; to
midfa pl. madfi2 gun, flow, well out, spout, gush forth; to
cannon O ( badat al- overflow (0 with s.th.) V to pour forth,
marm) long-range guns; spout forth, gush forth; to rush in; to break
(ra) machine gun; O forth, break out, burst out; to go off (shot);
(akma) heavy artillery; O to plunge blindly ( into s.th.); to
( mudda) or rush ( against); to crowd ( into) VII
(muqwima) antiaircraft guns; O =V
( tult, mudd) three- dafq pouring out, effusion
barreled anti-aircraft gun (mil.);
dufqa pl. dufuqt, dufaqt, dufqt =
m. hwun mortar; arb m.
dufa ( dufqatan) =
 d. ar-r gusts; exact, strict, meticulous, painstaking,
gush of water proceed with utmost accuracy or care (
dafq bursting forth, darting out, in s.th.); to scrutinize, examine closely,
rushing out determine exactly ( s.th.); to do ( s.th.)
carefully, with precision! ( bata)
tadaffuq outpour, outflow, issue, to investigate carefully; ( naara)
effluence, efflux, effusion; influx, run, to watch attentively or carefully,
rush, inrush, inpour; outbreak, outburst; scrutinize, examine closely ( s.th.);
impulsiveness; exuberance, effusiveness ( mulaa) to observe closely III
dfiq pl. dawfiq2 bursting to deal scrupulously ( with s.o.) IV to
forth, breaking out, erupting; gushing, make fine, make thin ( s.th.) VII to be
torrential crushed, brayed, pounded; to be broken
( unquh) he broke his neck X to
mutadaffiq impulsive; exuberant, be or become thin or fine
effusive 286
daqq crushing, bruising, braying,
difl oleander (Nerium oleander L.; bot.) pounding; pulverization, trituration;
dafana i (dafn) to bury, inter, inhume ( grinding (down); beat(ing), throb(bing);
s.o.); to hide, conceal, keep secret ( s.th.) bang(ing), knock(ing), rap(ping);
tattoo(ing) d. al-jaras peal,
dafn burial, interment, inhumation ringing, sound of a bell; d. al-
dafn pl. dufan2 buried, anak chatter, prattle
intend; hidden, secret diqq fine, thin; little, small, tiny,
2
dafna pl. dafin hidden minute; delicate, fragile, frail
treasure, treasure-trove (ajar) shrubbery, brush, scrub;
umma d-d. hectic fever
madfan, madfana pl.
madfin 2 burying place, burial ground, daqqa (n. vic.) pl. -t bang, knock,
cemetery rap; beat, throb; stroke, striking (of a
clock); hammer, hammering sound;
see
thumping, thump d. al-qalb
daqqa i ( diqqa) to be thin, fine, fragile, heartbeats; d. al-jaras peal, or
frail; to be little, small, tiny, minute; to be ring, of a bell; telephone call, ring
subtle, delicate; to be insignificant,
diqqa thinness; fineness; smallness,
unimportant, trifling, inconsiderable; to be
tininess, minuteness; triviality, pettiness,
too fine, too subtle ( for perception); --
paltriness; subtlety, subtleness, finesse;
u (daqq) to crush, bruise, bray ( s.th.); to
critical or precarious state, delicate
grind, pulverize, powder ( s.th.); to
situation; accuracy, exactness, exactitude,
pound ( s.th., e.g., meat); to strike
precision exactly, accurately,
(clock); to beat, throb (heart); to hammer,
precisely, minutely, painstakingly,
throb (engine); to knock, rap, bang (
meticulously, sharply; acuteness
al-bba on the door); to bump (
of feeling, sensitivity, sensitiveness,
rasah bi-l-i ones head against the
sensibility
wall); to drive ( a nail); to ram in, drive
in (constr. eng.); to beat, strum, play ( duqqa pl. duqaq fine dust;
a musical instrument); to type ( on a powder
typewriter); -- to sound, resound, ring out duqq crushed, brayed, or
(said of musical instruments) pulverized, substance; powder; dour of
(jarasa) to ring the bell; lupine
( j. al-kaar) to sound the alarm;
to call s.o. up, give s.o. a ring; daqq pl. diqaq, adiqqa
( jarasu) the bell rang; fine, thin; delicate, frail, fragile; little,
the clock struck II to triturate, pulverize, small, tiny, puny, minute; subtle; 287
reduce to powder (oil s.th.); to he precise, paltry, petty, trifling, trivial; precise,
 accurate, exact; painstaking, scrupulous,
meticulous; inexorable, relentless, strict,
rigorous; delicate (situation), critical,
trying, serious, precarious; -- flour, meal
keeping strict account, strict,
relentless, inexorable; sensitive;
d. a-an finely worked, of
delicate workmanship; d. an-
naar clear-sighted, penetrating,
discerning, sensitive; ab d.
butterfly; ( a) the genitals
daqqa pl. daqiq2 particle;
nicety; intricacy; detail, particular; minute
(time unit) the niceties,
intricacies, or secret implications of things
daqqq grinder, crusher; flour
merchant; frequently or constantly
beating, striking, etc.; player of an
instrument repeater (watch)
daqqqa knocker, rapper (of a
door)
adaqq2 finer; more delicate;
smaller, tinier; more accurate, preciser;
stricter
midaqq beetle; pounder, pestle;
(eg.) trail, footpath
midaqqa pl. madqq2 pounder, dikttrya dictatorship
pestle; beetle; clapper. tongue (of a bell)
tadqq accuracy, precision,
exactness, exactitude exactly,
precisely, accurately, minutely
mudaqqiq exact, accurate
(scholar), thorough (investigator),
painstaking, meticulous, strict, relentless
mudaqqiq precise, exact (data)
2 2
dqira pl. dawqir elay vessel ( It. decreto) dikrt pl. decree
(tun.); -- stipend for underprivileged
students (tun.)
daqm (eg.) rubblestone, crushed rock;
brickbats, gravel
daqia a (daqa) to grovel, cringe; to be
miserable, wretched, humble, abject; to
live in poverty IV do.; to make miserable (
s.o.; poverty)
iddiq mass poverty
mudqi miserable, wretched;
degrading, abasing (poverty)
daqal mast (of a ship); mainmast; (coll.; n.
un. )a brand of dates of good quality
(magr.)
1
dakka u (dakk) to make flat, level or even,
to smooth, level, ram, stamp, tamp (
earth, the ground, a road); to press down,
weigh down; to beat down; to devastate,
demolish, destroy, ruin ( s.th.) II to mix,
mingle ( s.th.) VII to be crushed; to be
leveled
dakk pl. dukk level ground; --
devastation, demolition, destruction
dakka pl. -t rubblestone, crushed
rock; hallast
dikka pl. dikak bench
dukkn pl. dakkn2 bench;
store, shop
dukknj storekeeper,
shopkeeper, retailer
midakk pl. -t ramrod; O tamper rammer
2
II to provide ( trousers) with a waist-
band (dikka or tikka)
dikka (= tikka) waistband (in the
upper seam of trousers)
dikttr dictatorial
duktr pl. daktira doctor
doctor of laws, LL.D.;
(ibb) doctor of medicine, M.D.
duktrh doctorate, doctorship,
doctors degree, title of doctor
( fakrya) honorary doctorate 288
see
1
adkan2, f. dakn2 pl. dukn
blackish, dark (color)
dkin dark, dark-colored
dark green; yellowish, of a
dingy yellow, mud-colored
2
see 1
dalla a ( dala) to show, demonstrate,
point out ( to s.o. s.th.); to lead,
guide, direct, conduct ( or s.o. to),
show s.o. ( )the way ( or to); to
show, indicate, mark ( s.th.); to point (
 to s.th.), evince, indicate, denote,
imply, bespeak, suggest ( s.th.), be
indicative, be suggestive ( of); to
furnish evidence ( for s.th.), prove (
s.th.); -- (1st pers. perf. dalaltu) i (
dall) to be coquettish, flirt, dally (of a
woman; with s.o.) II to prove (
s.th.), furnish the proof ( for), confirm,
corroborate ( s.th. with); to sell or
put up at auction, auction off ( s.th.); to
pamper, coddle, spoil ( s.o.); to fondle,
caress, pet ( a child) IV to make free, take
liberties ( with s.o.); to pride o.s. (
on), be conceited ( of) V to be
coquettish, flirt, dally (of a woman;
with s.o.); to be coy, behave affectedly; to
take liberties ( with s.o.); to pamper,
coddle ( s.o.) X to ask to be shown (
s.th.); to seek information, inform o.s. (
about); to obtain information; to be
informed ( about); to be guided ( by),
act or proceed in accordance with ( ;)to
conclude, gather, infer ( s.th., or
from), draw conclusions ( or from,
with regard to), judge ( s.th., or
by)
dall proper, dignified conduct;
coquetry, flirtation
dalla pl. dill pot with long
curved spout and handle used for making
coffee (among Syrian nomads and in some
parts of Saudi Arabia)
dall coquetry, coquettishness;
pampering, coddling, spoiling
dall pl. adilla, dall2,
adill2 (the latter of persons) indication (
of); sign, token; symptom; proof,
evidence ( of); guide; tourist guide,
cicerone; pilot (of a ship, of an airplane);
guidebook, guide manual, handbook;
directory, telephone directory; railroad
guide, timetable; guide rail (tech.); roller
path (in steel construction)
to furnish the proof for, demonstrate,
prove s.th.; ( arf) circumstantial
evidence; cogent proof,
conclusive evidence
dalll auctioneer; broker, jobber,
middleman, agent, commission merchant;
hawker
dalla pl. -t pointing; guidance;
leading, leadership; indication ( of);
sign, token; sense, meaning
dilla auction, public sale;
business of a broker or middleman;
brokerage commission; trade of a dealer,
jobber or agent
dallla middlewoman, woman
broker
adall2 proving more cogently (
s.th.), more indicative or suggestive (
of) ( dallin) the surest
evidence of, the best proof of
tadll reasoning, argumentation,
demonstration; proving ( of),
furnishing of proof or evidence ( for);
corroboration, substantiation,
confirmation; pampering, oeddling,
spoiling; fondling, petting, caressing; pet
form (of a name) pet name;
a pet form of ...
tadallul coquetry, coquettishness;
pampering, coddling, spoiling 289
istidll reasoning, argumentation,
demonstration; conclusion, inference,
deduction; proof, evidence ( of)
dlla familiarity, chumminess; liberty (that
one takes with s.o.); audacity. boldness
madll proven; (pl. -t) meaning,
sense m. al-kalimt lexical
meanings
mudallal pampered, spoiled (child)
mudill presumptuous, arrogant
( bi-nafsih) conceited, self-important
1
dulb plane tree, sycamore (bot.)
2
pl. look up alphabetically
Nile Delta, Lower Egypt
IV to set out at nightfall
dal pl. dulu moisture-laden cloud
daldala to set into a swinging motion,
dangle II tadaldala to hang loosely,
dangle
duldul and duldl porcupine
(zool.)
 II to swindle, cheat; to counterfeit, forge,
falsify ( s.th.) III to deceive, defraud (
s.o.), impose ( on)
tadls deceit, fraud; swindle
tadls fraudulent
mudallas forged, counterfeit
counterfeit money; forged deep-black
keys
dalaa a (dal) with lisnah: to stick
out ones tongue; to loll, let the tongue
hang out II to pamper, spoil ( a child); to
caress, fondle, pet ( s.o.) IV
(eg.) a nauseating, disgusting thing VII to
stick out, be stuck out, hang out, loll
(tongue); to dart out, lick out, leap out.
dare up (dame), break out (fire); to be
pampered, spoiled (child)
dal: ism ad-d. pet name
dall (coll.; n. un. )watermelon
(magr.)
dilgan clay
dalafa i (dalf, dulf, dalafn) to about); to offer, present ( to s.o.
walk with short steps. toddle; to go or
walk slowly, saunter, stroll ( to); to
advance (Jo toward); to approach step by
step ( s.o. or s.th.); to penetrate, reach (
as far as); to grope ( for, of the
hand); to leak, drip, trickle (water)
O dlif pl. dawlif2 ricochet V to hang down, be suspended, dangle (
(mil.)
dulfn pl. dalfn2 dolphin to threaten to fall down, be ready to fall
dalaqa u to spill, pour out ( a liquid) VII
to be spilled (liquid)
dalaka u (dalk) to rub ( s.th.); to stroke (
s.th.), pass the hand ( over s.th.); to
knead ( the dough); -- u ( dulk)
to set, go down (sun) II to rub ( s.th.,
s.o.), embrocate ( s.th.); to knead; to
massage ( s.o.)
dalk rubbing; grazing, brushing,
touching, touch
dalk liniment
dulk, d. a-ams sunset mutadallin pendent, suspended,
tadlk embrocation; massage
mudallika pl. -t masseuse
II to rob s.o. ( )of his senses, drive ( s.o.)
crazy (love) V to go out of ones mind, go
crazy (with love) ( ubbih)
she has fallen in love with him
mudallah madly in love 290
IV idlahamma to be dark, gloomy; to be
dalham dark, gloomy; deep-black
idlihmm a deep black
mudlahimm dark, gloomy; deep-
black
II to let hang, dangle ( s.th.); to hang,
suspend ( s.th.); to lower ( s.th.); to
drop, let down, let fall down ( s.th.) IV =
II; to cast down ( glances, on s.o.); to
let ones glance ( bi-anrih) sweep
down; to express, utter, voice ( s.th.,
e.g., bi-rayih ones opinion); to
deliver, make ( a statement; pol.); to
adduce, present, advance, offer ( bi-
ijjatin an argument); to inform, notify,
advise ( s.o. of), let ( s.o.) know (
s.th.); to grant, give ( an interview
to s.o.); to slander, defame: asperse (
s.o.) ( dalwah, dil) or
to make ones
contribution (together with others), add
ones touch, put in ones two bits worth
from); to be lowered, be let down; to be or
become low; to sink, descend
dalw usually f., pl. adlin,
dil, adl leather bucket; bucket,
pail; Aquarius (astron.)
dallya pendant
idl delivery (of a statement);
utterance, statement; presentation;
granting
dliya pl. dawlin waterwheel
(for irrigation); trellis, espalier on which
grapevines are trained; varix, varicose
vein
hanging, dangling; projecting,
overhanging, ready to fall down
look up alphabetically
1
dam pl. dim blood; homicide
cases (jur.) d. al-akawain
dragons blood (a dark-red, resinous
substance derived from the dragon tree,
Dracaena draco)
dam blood- (in compounds),
sanguine
damaw blood- (in compounds),
sanguine; sanguinary, bloody
2
damma u (damm) to coat, smear, besmear (
s.th. with); to paint, daub, color, dye,
tinge, tint ( s.th. with) II to rub,
embrocate, anoint ( s.th. with)
damm ointment, unguent, salve,
liniment, embrocation; paint; pigment,
dye, dyestuff; rouge
dimm ointment, unguent, salve,
liniment, embrocation; paint; pigment,
dye, dyestuff; rouge
damm pl. dimm ugly;
deformed, misshapen d. al-
kilqa ugly to look at, of repulsive
appearance
damma ugliness; ugly
appearance; abominableness, monstrosity
ad-dammm Dammam (seaport in
E Saudi Arabia, on the Persian Gulf)
damuta u ( damta) to be gentle, mild 2
(character) II to soften, mellow ( s.th.)
damit pl. dimt: (see above)
gentle, mild-tempered
damta mildness, gentleness,
tenderness (of character)
damaja u ( dumj to enter ( s.th.), go 5
or come into (), be inserted,
incorporated ( in) II to write shorthand
IV to twist tightly, twine firmly ( s.th.);
to enter, insert, include, incorporate,
embody ( s.th. in); to 291 introduce,
interpolate, intercalate ( s.th. in); to
annex ( s.th. to) VII to be inserted, be
incorporated ( in); to be annexed ( to);
to merge ( with), be swallowed up, be
absorbed ( by); to be fused, fuse,
amalgamate
tadmj shorthand, stenography
idmj insertion, incorporation,
interpolation; inclusion ( in);
assimilation
indimj incorporation, insertion (
in); amalgamation, merger, merging (
with); absorption ( by); annexation (
to); fusion; assimilation
mudmaj firm, compact
mundamij firm, compact, tight
damajna (also )pl. -t demijohn,
carboy
damdama to mutter, grumble, growl, snarl
damdama pl. -t growl, snarl;
rumbling noise, rumble
1
damara u to perish, he ruined, he
destroyed II to annihilate, destroy, ruin,
demolish, wreck ( s.th.) V to he
destroyed, demolished, ruined, wrecked
VII to he destroyed, be annihilated
damr ruin, destruction
tadmr annihilation, destruction,
demolition
indimr utter defeat, rout,
destruction, annihilation
mudammira pl. -t destroyer
(naut.)
dammr (eg.) a coarse calico-like fabric
dammr (eg.) made of dammr
3
damra (eg.) flood season of the Nile
4
l dmar (= ) nobody, no
one, not a living soul
tadmur2, usually pronounced tudmur,
Palmyra (ancient city in Syria, now a
small village)
tadmur, usually pronounced tudmur,
someone, somebody; nobody, no
one, not a living soul
damasa u to hide, conceal, disguise (
s.th.); to bury ( s.o. in the
ground) II do.
dims (eg.) cinders, ashes
damsa darkness
adms (pl.) hovels, shanties, huts
 damms pl. damms2
cave, cavern
daims, dms, daims pl.
dayms2 dungeon; vault
dmis pitch-dark; dark, gloomy,
dusky
fl mudammas stewed beans
dimaq2, dimiq2 Damascus (capital of
Syria)
mudamaq damascened,
damasked; (syr.) having adopted a
sophisticated style of living (imitating that
of Damascus), urbanized
damaa a to water (eye) IV to cause to
weep, evoke tears, make (the eyes) water
dam pl. dum tears
dama (n. un.) tear, teardrop; (eg.)
dima gravy
dam: ( qunbula) teargas
bomb
dama and dam pl.
dam, dami2 readily inclined to
weep, frequently weeping, tearful,
lachrymose (woman) 292
dam and damm watering,
watery, tearful (eyes)
madma pl. madmi
lachrymal canal
1
damaga a to refute, invalidate ( a
falsehood, an error, a false accusation); to
triumph ( over falsehood; said of truth)
dimg pl. admiga brain
dimuqr democratic; democrat
dimuqrya democracy;
democratic attitude or conviction
dimaqs raw silk
dimaqs silken, silky
madmk and mudmak firm, tight,
taut
damala u (daml, damaln) to
fertilize, manure, dung ( the soil); --
damila a (damal) to heal, heal up, scar
over, cicatrize (wound) VII to heal, heal
up, scar overt cicatrize (wound); to fester,
suppurate (sore)
dummal (n. un. )pl. dammil
2
, damml2 abscess, boil, sore,
tumor, ulcer; furuncle; bubo, plague boil;
inveterate evil
n dummal bubonic
plague
dumluj pl. damlij2, bracelet, bangle
1
damana u (damn) to fertilize, manure,
dung ( the soil) IV to give o.s. up, devote
o.s., apply o.s. ( or to), go in for (
or ;)to be addicted ( e.g., to liquor)
dimn (coll.; n. un. )pl. diman
fertilizer, manure, dung
dimna pl. diman vestiges or
remnants of a dwelling, ruins
damn fertilizer, manure, dung
idmn addiction; excess; mania;
dipsomania i. al-muskirt
alcoholism

dmiga cogent argument; mudmin addicted, given up (

( ahda) irrefutable testimony e.g., to wine); an addict ( of)
2
2 dumn see
damaga u (damg) to stamp, provide or
mark with a stamp ( s.th.); to hallmark ( damanhr2 Damanhur (city in N Egypt)
gold and silver articles); to brand ( an see 1
animal)
1
damiya a to bleed II and IV to cause to
damg stamping d. bleed
al-magt hallmarking of gold and silver
articles dmin bleeding, bloody, gory
damga stamp; hallmark (on gold mudamman, f. bloody; blood-
and silver articles) waraq d. red
stamped paper 2
dumya pl. duman statue, statuette;
madmg stamped, bearing a stamp image, effigy; dummy; doll
 dimy2 Damietta (city in N Egypt)
danna u (dann, dann) to buzz, hum
(insect); to drone
dann and dann buzz(ing),
hum(ming), droning, drone
dann pl. dinn earthen wine jug
293
danaa a and danua u ( duna, =
dana) to be low, mean, base, vile,
contemptible, despicable
dan pl. adniy2, adn danwa) to be near, be close; to come or
low, base, mean, vile, despicable,
contemptible; inferior, second-rate, of
poor quality
adna2 lower, viler, meaner; more
inferior, of poorer quality
dana lowness, baseness,
meanness, vileness; inferiority
,( Fr. dentelle) dantilla lace, lacework
dinjil (eg.) pl. danjil2 axle, axle-tree
( Turk. dondurma) dandurma ice cream
dandia common people, people of no
consequence
dandana to buzz, hum; to drone; to hum
softly, croon (a song); to murmur
dind (eg.) turkey
pl. look up alphabetically
danisa a (danas) to be soiled, sullied,
defiled, polluted II to stain, soil, dirty,
befoul, sully, pollute, contaminate (
s.th.); to dishonor, disgrace ( s.th.); to
desecrate ( s.th.) V pass. of II
danas pl. adns uncleanness,
dirt, filth, squalor; stain, blemish, fault
danis pl. adns, dunas2 abase o.s., humble o.s. VI to come near
unclean, soiled, sullied, foul, polluted,
defiled, stained
tadns pollution, defilement,
soiling, sullying, contamination;
dishonoring, disgracing; desecration,
profanation
danifa a (danaf) to be seriously ill IV do.
danif pl. adnf seriouly ill
danaf long illness; O cachexia,
marasmus (med.)
mudnif, mudnaf emaciated,
haggard, weak
look up alphabetically
dunqula Dongola (town in N Sudan, on
the Nile)
danmark2 Denmark
( and ( dan u ( dunw,
go near s.o. or s.th. ( or or ),
approach ( s.o., s.th.); to come
close, get close ( to), approximate
( s.th.); to draw near, be
imminent (time, event); to bring
s.o. close to ...; -- daniya a ( danan,
danaya) to be low, lowly; to be or
become mean, base, vile, despicable,
contemptible II to bring close ( s.th.,
s.o., to), bring, take or move ( s.th.,
s.o.) near (), approximate ( s.th.,
to); to apply o.s. ( to s.th.), busy o.s. (
with s.th.), delve ( into);
(nafsah) to lower o.s., abase o.s., humble
o.s. III to approach ( s.o., s.th.), come
or get near s.o. or s.th. ( ), come or get
close ( to); to approximate ( s.th.); to
measure up ( to) ( yudn)
an unequaled thing IV to be near, be
close; to approach ( or or s.o. or
s.th.), come, go or draw near s.o. or s.th. (
), come close, get close (
to); to bring close ( s.o., s.th., to),
bring, take or move ( s.o., s.th.) near (
), approximate ( s.th., to); to lower,
drop ( s.th., e.g., the veil) V to approach
gradually ( s.th. or s.o.); to be debased,
sink low, sink, decline; to lower o.s.,
each other, get close to each other,
approach one another; to 294 be close
together; to approach, approximate (
s.th.) VIII iddan to be near, be close,
come or draw near, approach X to wish to
be nearer or closer, try to come nearer or
closer; to seek to fetch or bring closer (
s.th., to, to o.s.), reach out ( for s.th.),
wish ( for s.th.)
 dunw advent, approach; proximity, dahr pl. duhr, adhur time; long
nearness, imminence (of an event) time, age, epoch; lifetime; eternity; fate,
destiny bant ad-d. blows of
dany pl. adniy near, close;
fate, trials, afflictions, misfortune;
low, lowly; mean, base, vile, despicable,
and vicissitudes of fate.
contemptible, inferior, infamous, depraved
changes of fortune; adversities, adverse
dany pl. -t, dany a base circumstances; dahra d-
quality or habit; s.th. disgraceful, infamy, dhirn for all eternity, foever and ever;
vile action il kir d-d. do.; ...
adn, f. duny pl. m. (ad-dahra kullah) never in all ones life
adnin, adnn pl. f. dunan nearer, dahr an adherent of the dahrya,
closer; situated lower down, nether; lower, a materialistic, atheistic doctrine in Islam;
inferior; lowlier; smaller, of less atheist, freethinker
significance; more appropriate, better
duhr very old, far advanced in
suited, more suitable ( arq)
years
the Near East; ( magrib)
Algeria; ( abli al-ward) dahasa a (= )to trample underfoot,
very near or close, imminent; trample down, crush ( s.th.), tread ( on
the closest relatives; s.th.); to run over ( s.o.)
(aqh) from one end to the other; dahia a and pass. duhia to be
wholly, entirely, completely, altogether; astonished, amazed, surprised ( or at);
( add) the minimum; to wonder, marvel ( at); to be baffled,
hereinafter, below (in writings, startled, puzzled, perplexed, taken aback (
documents, etc.) e.g., or by) II and IV to astonish, amaze,
(muwaqqin) those signed below, the surprise, baffle, puzzle, perplex, startle (
undersigned; ( with foll. genit.) not s.o.) VII = dahia 295 daha
the least, not a single, not one
perplexity, surprise, consternation, alarm,
duny (f. of adn) world; earth; dismay
this world (as opposed to ;)life in this
dahi astonished, amazed,
world. worldly existence; worldly.
surprised; baffled, puzzled, nonplused,
temporal things or possessions; earthly
perplexed, startled, disconcerted, alarmed,
things or concerns life in this
upset; dazed, stunned
world; umm ad-d. Cairo;
aqma d-d. wa-aqadah approx.: daha astonishment, amazement,
to kick up a dust, make a stir, move surprise, wonder; perplexity,
heaven and earth consternation, bafflement, bewilderment,
dismay, alarm
dunyaw, dunyw worldly,
mundane, secular; earthly, temporal, indih astonishment,
transitory, transient amazement; perplexity, consternation,
bafflement, bewilderment
danwa nearness, closeness,
proximity, propinquity; lowness, mudhi astonishing, amazing,
lowliness; meanness, baseness, vileness surprising, marvelous; pl. -t amazing
things, marvels, wonders
danya lowness, lowliness;
meanness, baseness, vileness madh and mundahi
astonished, amazed, surprised; perplexed,
tadannin sinking, decline; low baffled, puzzled, nonplused, startled;
level, nadir (fig.) ( aklq) overwhelmed
the low level of morality, the moral
1
decline dahaq stocks (to hold the feet of an
offender by way of punishment)
dnin low; near, close
diq full (cup), brimful
mutadnin close together
2
dihqn, pl. dahqina, duhn pl. adhn, duhn,
dahqn2 man of importance, one who
plays an important role, leading
personality; grandee (in ancient Persia)
d. as-siysa the political
leaders
dahaka a (dahk) to crush; to mash (
s.th.)
II tadahlaza to stroll about, walk about (in
a hall)
dihlz pl. dahlz 2 anteroom, dahna pomade 296
vestibule, lobby, foyer; corridor, hall-way
ibn ad-d. pl. cream, cold cream, salve, ointment,
foundling
dihl Delhi
dahama a (dahm) and dahima a (daham)
to come or descend ( upon s.o.) suddenly;
to surprise, take unawares, take by
surprise ( s.o.), come unexpectedly ( to
s.o.); to enter suddenly, raid, invade (
s.th.) II to blacken ( s.th.) III to befall,
seize, grip, attack ( s.o.), come over s.o. (
;e.g., sickness, despair); to surprise, take
unawares, catch red-handed ( s.o.); to
attack suddenly ( s.o.), fall upon s.o. (),
invade, raid ( e.g., a house); to overtake (
s.o.; fate), catch up with ( )IX to be black
duhma blackness
adham2, f. dahm 2, pl. the lowest level
duhm black, deep-black
(dahiya) disaster, catastrophe
ad-dahm 2 the masses, the
common people, the populace, also
mudhama police raid; house
search
mudhamm very dark, pitch-dark
dahana u (dahn) to oil ( s.th., s.o.,
with); to anoint ( s.th., s.o., with); to
grease, smear ( s.th., s.o., with); to
rub, embrocate ( s.th., s.o., with); to
paint, daub ( s.th.); to varnish ( s.th.) II
do. III to treat with gentleness ( s.o.); to
cajole, flatter ( s.o.), fawn ( on s.o.); to
cheat, dupe, gull, take in, outsmart ( s.o.)
V pass. of I
dahn oiling, greasing; painting,
daubing
-t, dihn oil (edible, lubricating, for
the skin); fat, grease
duhn oily, oil, oleic, oleo- (in
compounds); fatty, greasy
duhnyt fats, oils; fatty
substances
dahn desert
dahhn house painter, painter
dihn pl. -t, adhina cosmetic
unguent; consecrated oil, anointing oil;
paint, varnish; hypocrisy, dissimulation,
deceit; -- (without pl.) painting, daubing;
whitewashing ( wara)
paintshop
mudhana flattery, adulation,
sycophancy, fawning; hypocrisy,
dissimulation; deceit, trickery
mudhin flatterer, adulator,
sycophant; hypocrite
mudhin oily; fatty, greasy
dahwara to hurl down ( s.th.); to tear
down, topple, overthrow ( s.th.) II
tadahwara pass. of I; to fall, tumble; to
slump, sink; to be dragged down, sink to
tadahwur fall, downfall; decline,
slump
dahiya a ( dah) to be clever, smart,
cunning, artful, wily; -- dah a to befall,
overtake, hit, strike ( s.o.), come over s.o.
( ;misfortune) II = dah VI to pretend to
be smart or cunning
dah smartness, slyness,
shrewdness, subtlety, cunning, craft
adh smarter, shrewder; craftier,
wilier; more skillful, subtler, more
resourceful; worse, more calamitous
dhin pl. duhh smart, sly,
shrewd, subtle, cunning, wily, artful;
resourceful person
dhiya smart fellow, old fox, sly
dog
 dhiya pl. dawhin calamity,
disaster, catastrophe ( dahy)
and ( dahm) disaster,
catastrophe; ( fal-yadhab) let
him go to hell!
) )d pl. adw disease, malady
d. at-talab alopecia, loss of the
hair; O d. ar-raq St. Vituss
dance; O d. al-fl elephantiasis;
d. al-minaqa shingles, herpes
zoster (med.)
see
II to wear out, wear off ( s.th.)
dbara packthread, string, twine, cord,
rope; thread
dbait a rhymed poem consisting of four
hemistichs
VII to spread
dau branching trees, branches
daua tall tree with many
branches; family tree, genealogical table
da top (childs toy)
) )dka u (dauk) to conquer, subjugate (
a. country); to resign o.s., humble o.s.;
to be or become dizzy, have a feeling of
dizziness; to feel ill, be sick, feel nausea II
to conquer, subjugate ( a people); to
make submissive, subdue, humble,
humiliate, degrade ( s.o.); to make ( s.o.)
dizzy; to molest, bother, trouble ( s.o.); to
daze, stun ( s.o.) ( rasah) to
make s.o.s head go round, make s.o.
dizzy
dauka vertigo, dizziness; coma;
nausea
dik dizzy
tadwk subjugation, conquest
1
II to be or become worm-eaten
dd (coll.; n. un. )pl. ddn
worm; maggot; larva; caterpillar
and d. al-qazz silkworm;
d. al-qar, ( qar) ascarids;
d. al-qirmiz cochineal;
d. al-mi cheese maggots;
tapeworm
dd wormlike, worm-shaped,
vermiform.
madd, mudawwid wormy, worm-
eaten
2
midwad =
) )dra u (daur, dawarn)to turn,
revolve, rotate, move in a circle (
, around s.th. or s.o.), circle (
s.th. or s.o.); to begin to turn or
rotate; to circulate; to go round, spread,
be current, make the rounds (of
rumors, etc.); to run, be in operation
(of a machine or engine); to start
running, start up (engine); to walk or
go about, run around; to roam, rove,
move about, wander about, gad about;
to make the rounds ( among
people), turn successively ( to
several people); to turn, turn ones
face, wheel around; to veer, shift,
change its direction; to change, take a
different turn, become different; to turn
( against s.o.); to have to do, deal (
or with), treat ( or of),
refer ( or to), bear ( or
on), concern ( or s.th.); to take
place, be going on, be in progress, be
under way; to be discussed, be talked
about ( among); to circulate, pass
around ( s.th.); to lead, guide or
&how around ( s.o.); to let roam, let
wander ( bi-naarih,
bi-ainaihi ones eyes, ones glance,
over) dur! about face! (command;
mil.); ( rasuh) to be or
become dizzy, giddy;
(fura) to trim sail, adapt o.s. to the
situation; ( ra l-arb)
war broke out;
the battles that raged yesterday;
( bi-nafsih) it passed through his
mind; ( alsun) to be much-
discussed, be on everyones lips;
( afwh, asalt
al-aqlmi to be current in both the
spoken and written language, be in
general use, be generally accepted
(e.g., words);
(bildan, aydan) he had bean around
in the world and had seen a lot;
(colloq.) ( blah) to pay
attention ( to), be careful (
 with); calamity antiquities); post office; d.
overtook them II to turn in a circle, al-baq the eternal abode, the hereafter;
spin, whirl, rotate, revolve ( s.th.); ( bqiya) do.; to
to turn, turn around ( s.th.); to pass away, die; ( bai)
invert, reverse ( s.th.); to make Casablanca (seaport in W Morocco); the
round, to round ( s.th.); to circulate, White House (in Washington);
pass around ( s.th.); to set going, set commercial house, business house;
in motion, start ( s.th.); to wind ( a d. al-arb war zone, enemy territory
watch, a clock); to look, search ( (Isl. Law: non-Muslim countries);
for s.th.) ( rasah) to turn seat of the chief executive of a
s.o.s head, persuade s.o., bring s.o. country; d. as-sada
round III to go or walk around ( with Constantinople; d. as-salana
s.o.); to try to bring ( s.o.) round; to Constantinople (designation before World
ensnare, inveigle ( s.o.); to try to War I); d. as-salm paradise,
ensnare ( s.o.); to try to deceive ( heaven; epithet of Baghdad; Dar es
s.o.); to cheat, trick ( or s.o. out Salaam (seaport and capital of Tanganyika
of s.th.); to get away, escape, dodge, Territory); cinemas, movie
duck out IV to turn, revolve, rotate, houses; d. a-ura police station;
spin, whirl ( , s.th.); to turn around, or arsenal;
turn ( s.th., ones head (n) cinnamon; d. a-arb and
toward); to direct ( or s.th. to, d. as-sikka mint (building);
toward), aim ( or s.th. at); to ( irqya) Iraq; name of a
circulate, pass around ( s.th.); to set college in Cairo; d. al-fan (as
in operation, set going, set in motion ( opposed to see above) the
a machine, an apparatus); to start, temporal world, this world; d. al-
start up ( al-muarrik the qa court of justice, tribunal; d.
motor); to play, play back ( e.g., al-kutub public library; d. al-lahw
tapes); to act upon s.th. (), amusement centers; night clubs;
drive ( s.th.); to get under way ( a theater, playhouse; d. al-mulk
job, a project); to take up ( s.th.); to (royal) residence; ( mirya)
initiate ( s.th.); to divert, turn away ( Egypt; d. al-hijra Medina;
, s.o., s.th. from); to direct, d. al-aitm orphanage, orphans
conduct, steer, manage, head, run ( home
s.th.), be in charge ( of); to revolve in dra pl. -t halo (of the moon);
ones mind, think over, ponder ( s.th., circle; O (el.) circuit; O villa
that) ( bi-wajhih) to
turn around to s.o., look back at s.o.; dr domestic, native
( rasah) to turn s.o.s head, dr domestic (animal);
persuade s.o., bring s.o. round; ( ufr) and house sparrow
to bring 298
conversation around to a topic, broach daur pl. adwr round (of a
or discuss a subject V to be or become patrol; in sports); role, part (played by s.o.
round; to be circular X do.; to circle, or s.th.); film role, stage role; periodic
rotate, revolve, spin, turn; to turn ( change, rotation, alternation; crop
to), face ( s.o.); to turn around; to rotation; period; (ones) turn; phase, stage,
turn ones head, look back; to circle ( step, degree, station; epoch, age. era; fit,
s.th.), walk around s.th. (~) attack, paroxysm (of a disease); floor,
story; musical composition; number,
dr f., pl. dr, diyr, single performance (within a program)
diyrt, diyara house; building, ( wa-tasalsul) vicious circle,
structure, edifice; habitation, dwelling, circulus vitiosus; ( nih) final
abode; residence, home; seat, side, round, finals (athlet.); d. al-
locality; area, region; land, country (esp. iniqd session, term (parl.);
pl. see below museum (of (awwal) or d. al-bula leading
role, starring role; or peddler, hawker;
(laiba) to play a part or role; (jahz afr) rotary drilling rig; d.
(ar) ground floor, first floor; it a-ams sunflower
was his turn; it is his turn; (( dayyr monastic, friar, monk
I for one; (I) for my part, ((
he in turn, (he) for his part; dairn monastic, friar, monk
alternately, by turns dawwra whirlpool, eddy, vortex;
daura pl. -t turn, revolution, compass, pair of dividers (syr.) O
gyration, rotation; circulation; cycle; d. al-haw weather vane
circuit; round, patrol; procession (Chr.); diyr domestic; native
round trip; tour (in general, of an artist or
performer); detour; period (O also el.); dawarn turn(ing), rotation,
session (of parliament); course (of revolution, gyration; circulation, circling,
instruction) (ir., syr.) circuiting; round trip, tour
(damawya) blood circulation; adwar2 (elative):
(jawwya) air circulation; ( ) (alsun) more talked about, more
d. ijtiyz (tajwuz) ar-rutba officers frequently expressed or discussed
training course (mil., Syr.);
(zirya) crop rotation; madr pl. -t orbit; circling,
(tarya) legislative period; d. circuiting, circuit, revolution; axis; pivot;
al-falak revolution of celestial bodies; (fig.) that upon which s.th. turns or
( iltiffya) flanking maneuver (mil.); depends, the central, cardinal, or crucial
( mlya) 299 financial period, factor, the pivot; center; subject, topic,
fiscal year; d. al-miyh lavatory theme (of a conversation, of negotiations);
(with running water), toilet, water closet scope, range, extent, sphere; tropic
(geogr.); O steering wheel
daur patrolling, patrol- (in m. as-saran Tropic of Cancer,
compounds); periodic, occurring at m. al-jady Tropic of Capricorn;
regular stated times, recurring, it (i.e., the dispute, or the like) was
intermittent; circulatory, cyclic, etc., see about ..., it hinged on ...; ( m.
and series (athlet.) is-sana) throughout the year, all year
(jahz) the circulatory system round
daurya pl. -t patrol, round; tadwr recitation of the Koran at
patrol, reconnaissance squad medium speed (between tartl and adr; a
reconnaissance squads, patrols technical term of tajwd)
dwirya = daurya mudwara pl. -t cheating,
dair pl. adyr, adyira, humbug, trickery; outwitting; attempted
duyra monastery, convent, cloister evasion or circumvention, shift, dodge;
persuasion, inveigling, ensnaring
dair monastic, ministerial,
cloistral idra turning; turning around or
over, reverting, reversion, inversion;
dra region, area, land, homeland starting, setting in operation; operation;
(bedouin) drive (techn.); direction, management;
duwr, dawr vertigo, dizziness, administration; administrative agency,
giddiness; seasickness department, office, bureau i.
al-amn the police; ( urfya)
dawwr rapidly or constantly military administration; s al-i.
turning, whirling, spinning, rotating, mismanagement, maladministmtion;
circling, circulating; revolving, rotary, Majlis al-i. board of directors,
rotatory; whirlpool, eddy, vortex; administrative board, committee of
itinerant, ambulant, roving; (eg.) farm management; markaz al-i.
building, farm revolving door; administration center, headquarters
 idr administrative,
departmental; administrative officer;
manager (athlet.); idriyan through
administrative channels, administratively,
officially
istidra roundness, rotundity,
circularity
dir turning, revolving, spinning;
circulating; current (e.g., expression),
common; ambulant, itinerant; in progress,
300 under way j working, in operation;
running (machine, engine); round
dira pl. dawir2 circle (also
math.); ring; circumference, perimeter,
periphery; sphere, scope, range, compass,
extent, circuit; field, domain (fig.); official
agency, department (esp. Ir., Syr., Leb.);
office, bureau; department of a court of
justice (Eg., Tun.); farm, country estate
(eg.); misfortune, calamity, affliction
... within the framework of ...;
al akli nifi d. semicircular;
nuqat ad-d. essential factor,
pivot, crucial point, crux; O
(kahrabya) electric circuit; O
short circuit (el.);
encyclopedia; government
circles, ) ) dawwsa pedal
(rasmya, siysya, askarya) official
(political, military) circles or quarters
(journ.); jurisdiction (of an
official agency, esp., of a court of justice);
( sanya) civil list; dusinriy, dysentery
(istinfya) appellate court (Eg.; jur.);
( intikbya) electoral district;
to suffer adversities 1
dir circular, ring-shaped,
annular
mudawwar round, circular
mudr head, chief, director;
administrator; manager; intendant,
superintendent; rector (of a university);
mudir, chief officer of a mudiria, approx.
= governor (Eg.); (pl. mudar2)
administrative officer at the head of a
county (Syr., Leb., Ir., Saudi Ar.)
m. al-jauq bandleader, conductor of
an orchestra
mudra directress; administratress
mudrya direction;
administration; management; -- (pl. -t)
mudiria, province (Eg.); approx.: main
department of a ministry (Ir.)
mstadr round; circular
( mutamar al-midat al-m.)
roundtable conference
dauraq pl. dawriq2 (eg.) bulging
vessel with a long, slender neck, carafe
dauzana to tune (a musical instrument);
O to tune in (radio)
dzn and dauzana tuning
(of a musical instrument); O tuning
(radio)
( It. dozzina) dzna dozen
) )dsa u (daus, diys) to tread,
step ( on); to tread ( s.th.); to tread
down, trample down, trample underfoot,
crush ( s.th.); to thresh (grain); to treat
with disdain, humiliate ( s.o.); to run over
( s.o.; automobile) VII pass. of I
daus treading, trampling, tread,
step
dsa dense forest, jungle, thicket
mads shoe, sandal
mads, muds trodden,
trampled down; crushed; run over
( Fr. dossier) dosy, ds pl. -t
dossier, file
( eg.) dawa to irritate ( s.o.) or drive s.o.
crazy by noise
daua (eg.) din, noise, clamor, uproar,
hubbub, hullabaloo
2
(Fr. douche) d pl. -t shower, douche
( It. dote) da dowry
II to imprint a mark, to brand
dg pl. -t brand (on cattle) 301
) )dfa u (dauf) to mix, mingle (
s.th. with); to add, admix ( s.th. to)
dq duke
dqa duchess
 dq ducal
dqya dukedom, duchy
II to chatter, prattle
dauka din, row, hubbub, turnult,
confusion
1
) )dla u" ( daula) to change
periodically, take turns, alternate, rotate;
to change, turn (time, fortune)
the time of absolutism is over,
belongs to the past; fortune has
turned in his favor ( against him) III to
alternate, rotate ( s.o., s.th.); to cause
to succeed by turns or to follow one
another ( al-ayyma the days; God); to
alternate ( between); to confer, talk (
with s.o., about), discuss ( with s.o.
s.th.) IV to give ascendancy, afford
superiority, give the upper hand ( to
s.o. over); to make victorious, let triumph
( s.o. over), grant victory ( to s.o.
over); to replace ( or s.th. with),
exchange, substitute ( or for s.th.
s.th.) udla li- tadwul alternation, rotation;
ban 1-abbs min ban umayyata the rule
passed from the Ommaiads to the
Abbasides VI to alternate, take turns (
with or in s.th., e.g., in some work); to
hand each other s.th. (), pass s.th. ()
alternately between themselves; to handle
alternately ( different things), take now
this, now that; to exchange ( ar-ray
views); to make frequent use ( of s.th.);
to confer, have a discussion, take counsel,
deliberate; to parley, negotiate; to
circulate, be in circulation, be current,
have currency tadwalathu l- cabinet, cupboard
aid it passed from hand to hand, it made
the rounds, it circulated;
(alsun) it passed from mouth to mouth, it
was the talk of the town, it was on
everybodys lips
daula pl. duwal alternation,
rotation, change; change of time, turn of
fortune; dynasty; state, country; power,
empire title of the Prime
Minister; daulat r. al-.
His Excellency, the Prime Minister;
fakmat ad-d. title of the President of
the Republic (Syr., Leb.);
(alya) name of the ancient Ottoman
Empire; ( ) )kubr, um)
the big powers; ( muntadaba)
mandatory power
( dam., pronounced dle =
rakwa) metal vessel with long curved
handle used for making coffee
daul state (adj.); duwal
international
duwalya internationality;
internationalism; the International
duwailt petty states, small
countries
dawlaika alternately, by turns;
successively, one by one, one after the
other ( wa-hkad) and so
forth, and so on
tadwl internationalization
mudwala pl. -t parley,
negotiation; deliberation, consultation;
discussion; mudwalatan alternately, one
after the other, one at a time
circulation, currency; circulation of
money alternately, by turns, one
by one
mutadwal current, circulating,
in circulation; valid; common, in common
use, prevailing ( kalm) the
colloquial language 302
2
dawlin see
dlb pl. dawlb2 wheel; tire;
gearing, gears, wheels, mechanism,
machine, machinery; closet, looker,
wardrobe
dlr pl. -t dollar
2
) )dma u (daum, dawm) to last,
continue, go on; to persevere, persist
m dma as long as; (the more so)
since, inasmuch as, as, because; while he
is ..., when he is ... ; ( ayyan) as
long as he is alive; ( dumtu) so
long as (or while) I am with you II to
move in a circle, turn, spin, revolve,
rotate, gyrate, circle; to turn, revolve, spin,
twirl ( s.th.) III to persevere, persist (
in), apply o.s. diligently and steadily (
to), pursue with diligence and
perseverance ( s.th.); to continue IV to
cause to last or continue, perpetuate, make
 lasting, make permanent ( s.th.) X to
make ( s.th.) last or continue; to
continue, go on ( with s.th.)
daum continuance, permanence,
duration; dauman constantly, at all
times, ever, always; -- doom palm (bot.)
dma pl. diyam, duym compartment
continuous rain
dawm duration, continuance,
permanence, perpetuity; uninterrupted
succession; endurance, perseverance;
abiding, stay (of s.o., at a place);
dawman and permanently,
perpetually, at all times, ever, always
working
hours, office hours (Ir., Syr.)
daimma =
duwwma top (childs toy);
whirlpool, eddy, vortex
mudwama perseverance,
endurance, persistence; continuance,
duration; continuation
dim lasting, enduring; endless,
eternal, perpetual, everlasting; perennial;
continued, continuous, continual,
incessant, unceasing, constant; permanent,
standing, established; durable
d. at-taqaddum in a state of constant
progress and growth
diman always ( abadan) the way to that, there is ... , before
always and ever
dim =
mudm wine
mustadm constant, continuous,
continual, incessant, uninterrupted
2
dmn rudder, helm
dmnj steersman, helmsman
1
II to record, write down, set down, put
down in writing ( s.th.); to enter, list,
register, book ( s.th.); to collect (
poems) ( aran) to stipulate a
condition V to be recorded, be written
down, be put down in writing
dwn pl. dawwn2 account (naarin) regardless of, irrespective of;
books of the treasury (in the older Islamic
administration); divan, collection of
poems written by one author;
governmental office, administrative
office; chancellery, office, bureau,
secretariat; council or state, cabinet;
council, consultative assembly, board of
advisers, executive committee;
government; court or justice, tribunal;
hall; davenport, divan; (railway)
lugat ad-d.
official jargon, officialese;
inquisitional court; the Inquisition
dwn administrative,
administrational, official; an Ottoman
style of cursive (used by the secretaries of
the State Chancellery for treaties,
diplomas, firmans, etc.)
tadwn recording, writing down;
entry, listing. booking; registering,
registration 303
mudawwana pl. -t record, note;
entry: body of laws; pl. writings,
literature (on a given subject)
2
dn low, lowly; bad, poor, inferior;
meager, inadequate
(malah) he snubbed him
dna (prep.) below, beneath, under
(in rank, value, etc.); this side of, short of;
before; without more than; with the
exclusion of, leaving ... aside,
disregarding ...; and not by any means, but
not ( with foll. nominative) on
accomplishing that one must ,
( kar al-qatad) before one can do
that, one must strip the tragacanth of its
leaves, i.e., accomplish the impossible;
( dni) without; with the
exclusion of, excluding; and
without (+ foll. gerund in Engl.);
dnaka (with foll. acc.) here you are!
take ...! watch out ( for)! beware ( of)!
he is below him, he doesnt
measure up to him;
(ahammyatan) to be of less importance
than ...; itmun dnah kullu
itmin a sin to end all sins;
( sinn, askarya) those below the
age for military service;
with no benefit at all;
completely useless;
(tak an yasadna) she is afraid they will
 be happier than she is; ad-dglyn (Eg. spelling) the
(kutub, gairih) those books and no Gaullists 304
others; daidabn, daidubn pl. -t,
(mutaajjib, falika, ilmika) I admire daydiba guard, sentry: sentinel
your virtue, but not your knowledge, or, I ships pilot
admire your virtue more than your
knowledge; see
(kamma, tadammur, akw) he stopped see
their mouths to keep them from muttering
and complaining; ds diss (Ampelodesma tenax; bot.)
(gunu, yatamiluh) if the branch is not see
strong enough to carry him;
it was he, not they, who reached the disembir, disambir December
goal; ( aat bi-wajhih) dk pl. dka, duyk, adyk
she averted her face so that he could not cock, rooster d. al-kaba
see her; to prevent s.th.; turkey, turkey cock; ( rm) do.;
( aia, amr) the infrared wazn ad-d. bantam weight
rays; ( maujt) ultra-
as-sul ad-dk whooping
short waves (radio)
cough
dnum a square measure (Ir. = about 2500
=
m2; Pal. = roughly, 900 m2)
1 ( Fr. dcor) pl. -t dcor, stage decoration
daw and II to sound, resound, ring out;
to drone; to echo, reverberate III to treat ( daims, dms, daims pl.
a patient, a disease) VI to treat o.s. (with dayms2 dungeon, vault
a medicine); to be cured see
dawan pl. adw sickness, dmq demotic (writing)
illness, disease, malady
dimuqr democratic;
dawy sound, noise, ring, clang, democrat
roar, thunder, drone; echo, reverberation
, dimuqrya pl. -t
dawh ( dawya) pl. democracy; democratic attitude or
duwy, diwy, dawayt inkwell conviction
daw pl. adwiya remedy, 1
) )dna i to borrow, take up a loan; to
medicament, medication, medicine, drug be a debtor, be indebted; to owe ( s.o.
dawd'i medicinal, medicative, s.th., also, e.g., ( ukr) d. lah
curative bi--ukr to owe s.o. ones thanks; s.th.,
e.g., bi-l-ayh ones life, to s.th.
see
or s.o.); to be indebted ( to s.o. for); to
diw treatment, therapy (med.) be subject, subject o.s., bow, yield, ( to
mudwh treatment, therapy s.o. or s.th.), be under s.o.s ( )power,
(med.) owe allegiance ( to s.o.), obey ( s.o.); to
grant a loan, lend money ( to s.o.); to
tadwin cure subject, subjugate ( s.o.): to requite, repay
2
( Fr. douille) dy socket (of a light bulb) ( s.o.): to condemn ( s.o.), pass judgment
( on s.o.) III to have a debt ( with s.o.),
diyalg (Eg. spelling) pl. -t dialogue be indebted ( to s.o.): to be the creditor (
and see of s.o.), have a money claim ( on s.o.)
( bi-mablag kamsat q.)
dayyt ( )cuckold; procurer, pimp;
he had a claim of five piasters on him IV
a variety of warbler (zool.) to lend money ( to s.o.): to sell on credit (
see to s.o.); to convict, find guilty,
 pronounce guilty ( s.o.) V to be indebted,
have debts; to subject o.s. ( to) VI
( dain) to contract a mutual loan,
borrow money from each other X to make
or incur debts, take up a loan
dain pl. duyn debt; pecuniary
obligation, liability: obligation (Isl. Law);
claim (Isl. Law), financial claim on
credit; rabb ad-d. creditor;
d. al-arb war debts: religious
bonded, or funded, debt;
(mumtz) preferred, or privileged, debt;
( muwalad) consolidated debt;
( mulaq) debt not bound to the
physical person of the debtor, but
outliving him (Isl. Law);
(mustagriq) claims against an estate which
exceed or equal the assets (Isl. Law)
dainna judgment; Last Judgment
ad-dayyn the Judge (attribute of
God)
madna pl. madin2,
mudun town, city; Medina (city in W dnmt dynamite
Saudi Arabia); see
idna verdict of guilty: conviction
adara l-ukmu bi- see
idnatih he was convicted
istidna incurrence of debts
din creditor
madyn indebted, in debt:
obligated, under obligation 305
madynya indebtedness
obligation
madn owing; indebted, obligated,
under obligation; debtor ( ukr) as intensifier after interrogative pronouns
owing gratitude, much obliged;
to be indebted to s.o., stand in s.o.s debt
mudn moneylender, creditor
mudn convicted, found guilty;
guilty; judged, condemned
2
) )dna i to profess ( a religion, a
conviction. etc.) to profess
Islam; ( bi-dtih) to adhere to accusative in the construct state: master,
ones customs V to profess ( a religion)
dn pl. adyn religion, creed,
faith, belief yaum ad-d. the Day
of Judgment
dn religious; spiritual ir-
religious; O science of religion
dayyin religious, pious, godly,
devout
diyna pl. -t religion;
communion, confession, denomination,
sect founder of a religion
dayyn pious, godly, devout,
tadayyun piety, godliness,
devoutness, religiousness, religiosity
mutadayyin pious, godly, devout,
religious
mutadayyina religious community
pl. dannr2 dinar, a monetary unit
(Ir., Jord.); pl. money
dnr diamonds (of a deck of
cards)
dnm dynamo, generator
O dainam pl. daynim2 dynamo,
generator
pl. and see 1
( demonstr. pron.) pl. uli this one, this;
bi-d by this, by this means, thereby;
li-d therefore; ka-d so, thus, in this
manner; so and so, so and so much;
h-ka-d so, thus, in this manner; serves
(roughly corresponding in English to such
phrase as: ... on earth, ... then, or the like):
what on earth? why then? why in
heavens name? huwa d, f.
hiya d that one; look at that one; why,
that is ..., now if that isnt ...!;
hanad behold, it is I, here I am, pl.
h nanu uli; -- used as an
owner, or possessor of, with nominative
(q.v.), as genitive; -- dka, f.
tka, tka, pl. ulika this, this
one; ( id) then, at that time; in those
days; -- dlika f. tilka, pl.
 ulika that, that one; bi-dlika by pectoris (med.); O ( fudya)
that, by that means, in that manner; li- do.
dlika therefore; bada dlika after dabb slaughtering, killing,
that, upon that, thereafter, thereupon; murdering; slaughterer, butcher
maa dlika yet, still, 306 nevertheless,
for all that; ( anna) that is (to say), dab slaughtered
namely, to wit; ( li-anna) and that daba pl. dabi2 slaughter
is because ..., for the one reason that ...; animal; sacrificial victim, blood sacrifice;
( bi-anna) this is due to the fact sacrifice, immolation; offering, oblation
that ...; ka-dlika so, thus, in that
manner; equally, likewise, in the lame madba pl. madbi2
manner; -- dlikum f. tilkum, pl. slaughterhouse; altar (Chr.)
ulikum that one; -- hd f. madbaa massacre, slaughter,
hdih, hd, pl. hulI, dual m. carnage, butchery
hdni, f. htni this, this one,
see ( alphabetically) dabdaba to set into a swinging motion,
swing, dangle ( s.th.) II tadabdaba to
X to be wolflike, be fierce or cruel like a swing, pendulate; to oscillate (el.); to be
wolf deflected (magnetic needle); to vibrate; to
dib pl. dib, dubn dieb fluctuate; to waver, vacillate, hesitate
(Canis anthus), jackal; wolf dabdaba pl. -t pendulous motion,
mara ad-d. al-amar name of a pendulation; oscillation (el.); vibration
noncontiguous skin disease
tadabdaba pendulous motion,
duba pl. dawib2 lock, pendulation, swinging; oscillation (el.);
strand (of hair); tuft, wisp deflection (of a magnetic needle)
and see O mudabdib oscillator (el.)
see mudabdab fluctuating, variable;
dl name of the letter vacillating, wavering, hesitant, unsteady
dabba u to drive away, chase away ( mutadabdib: ( tayyr)
s.o., s.th.); to defend ( s.o., s.th.) oscillating current (el.)
dubb (coll.; n. un. )pl. dabala, dabula u (dabl, dubl) to be
adibba, dibbn flies, fly wilted, to wilt, wither; to fade; to become
gadfly, horsefly dry, dry up; to waste away; to become
dull, lose its luster (eye)
dubba pl. -t (n. un. of )fly;
tip (of the sword, or the like) dabl mother-of-pearl, nacre
dubbna, dibbna fly; sight, bead dubla wick
(on a firearm) dbil pl. dubul wilted, withered;
midabba fly whisk, fly swatter dry, dried up; faded (color); languid, dull,
lackluster, languishing (glance); feeble,
dabaa a (dab) to kill (by slitting the weak, tired 307
throat); to slaughter, butcher; to massacre;
to murder, slay; to sacrifice, offer up, dal pl. adl, dul
immolate ( an animal) II to kill, resentment, rancor, hatred;
slaughter, butcher, massacre, murder revengefulness, vindictiveness; blood
revenge
dab slaughtering, slaughter
dakara a to keep, preserve, store away,
dib sacrificial victim, blood put away ( s.th.); to save, lay by ( s.th.)
sacrifice VIII iddakara to keep, preserve, store
diba, duba angina (med.); away, put away ( s.th.); to store,
diphtheria ( adrya) angina accumulate, gather, hoard, amass ( s.th.);

to lay by ( s.th.); to save ( s.th., also
strength, trouble, etc.)
(ubban) to harbor love for;
(juhdan) he spares no effort
dukr pl. adkr s.th. stored
away, put by, hoarded, or accumulated;
stores, supplies; treasure
dakra pl. dakir2 treasure;
stores, supplies; provisions, food;
ammunition (mil.); (holy) relic
iddikr storage; hoarding,
amassing, accumulation; storing,
gathering; saving
mudakkir pl. -n assistant gunner,
ammunition passer (mil., Syr.)
mudakkar pl. -t supply
muddakira pl. -t (Syr.) storage
battery, battery
1
dura see
2
darra u (darr) to strew, scatter, spread (
s.th.); to sprinkle ( on s.th. s.th.)
( ar-ramda f ainaih) to do s.th.)
throw dust in s.o.s eyes; -- u ( durr)
to rise, come up, rise resplendent over the
horizon (sun) ( qarnuh) it began
to show, it emerged
darr strewing, scattering, sprinkling;
(coll.) tiny particles, atoms, specks, motes
darra (n. un.) pl. -t atom; tiny
particle; speck, mote mitql d.
the weight of a dust particle, a tiny
amount; a little bit; miqdr d. a
tiny amount, a jot, an iota;
(akk) the least doubt
darr atomic ( qunbula) ( balad) = ca. .80 m,
atomic bomb; ( na) and see 800 above
( qa) atomic energy
darr powder
darr powdery, powdered,
pulverized
( darra pl. darir2 fragrant
powder, cosmetic scented powder
durr of or pertaining to the
offspring or progeny
durrya pl. -t, darry exceed ( an age) X to let flow, shed (
progeny, descendants, children, offspring
3
yadaru see ()
dariba a (darab) to be sharp,
cutting
darab diarrhea (med.)
darib pl. durb sharp, cutting
( jur) a malignant, incurable
wound
durr pl. darr2 Spanish fly,
blister beetle (zool.)
daraa a (dar) to measure ( s.th.); to
take the measure or measurements ( of
s.th.); to cover ( a distance); to cross,
travel ( a country), travel through ( ;)to
intercede, intervene, mediate, put in a
word ( for s.o., on behalf of s.o., with
s.o. else) V to use, employ, apply (
bi-dara or bi-wasla a means, an
expedient); to use as a pretext, as an
excuse ( s.th.); to use as a means (
s.th., to an end) VII to proceed,
advance; to intervene
dar power, ability, capability ( to
and
(daran) not to be up to s.th., be unable to
do or accomplish s.th.; to be unable to
stand or bear s.th., be fed up with, be tired
of, feel uneasy about, be oppressed by 308
dir f. and m., pl. adru,
durn arm; forearm; connecting rod;
cubit, in Syria = .68 m in Egypt:
( balad) = .58 m,
(istanbl) = .665 m, ( hindza)
= .656 m, ( mimr) = ca. .
75 m, ( murabba) = .
5625 m; in Iraq: ( alab) =
ca. .68 m, ( bagdd) or
dar stepping lively, walking
briskly; rapid, quick; torrential; rapidly
spreading, sweeping (death); devastating;
intercessor
dara pl. dari2 medium,
means, expedient; pretext, excuse
darafa i (darf, darf, durf,
darafan) to flow, well forth (tears);
to shed ( tears; said of the eye) II to
tears)
 daraqa i u (darq) to drop excrement
(bird) IV do.
darq droppings, excrement (of a
bird)
( and ( dar u (darw) to disperse,
scatter ( s.th.); to carry off, blow away (
dust; said of the wind); to winnow, fan (
grain); -- dar i (dary) do. II do. IV
= I; to throw down, throw off ( s.o.,
s.th.) ( dama) the eye chin; -- daqn f., pl. duqn beard,
shed tears V to be winnowed, be fanned;
to climb ( on), scale ( s.th.); to seek
shade or shelter ( in, at, under); to take
refuge ( with), flee ( to) X to take
refuge ( with), place o.s. under s.o.s ()
protection, flee ( to s.o.)
dura durra, a variety of sorghum
( eg.) Indian corn, maize (Zea
mays L.); ( afr) do. (syr.); to put on an act for s.o.;
( eg.) a variety of millet
(Andropogon Sorghum Brot. var. Schwein
furtianus Kcke.); ( bai) dakara u (dikr, tadkr) to
millet (syr.)
daran protection, shelter
durwa, dirwa pl. duran
summit; top; peak; culmination, climax,
acme, apex
midran and midrh pl. s.th. to s.o.)
madrin winnow, winnowing fork
daara a (dar) to frighten, scare, alarm,
terrify ( s.o.); pass. duira to be
frightened ( by), get alarmed ( at); --
daira a (daar) to be terrified, alarmed,
dismayed IV to frighten, scare, alarm,
terrify ( s.o.) V and VII to be frightened,
become alarmed
dur fright, terror, alarm, panic
daar fright, alarm, dismay,
consternation
duf lethal, deadly, immediately killing
(poison) ( maut) a sudden,
immediate death
daaqa a (daq) to frighten ( s.o.) by
screaming
daana a (daan) and IV to submit, yield,
give in ( to s.o.), obey ( s.o., an order,
etc.); to concede voluntarily, grant
willingly ( to s.o. s.th.)
idn submissiveness, pliability,
compliance, obedience
mudin submissive, pliable,
tractable, obedient
midan pliable, tractable, docile,
obedient, obliging, compliant
dafar pungent smell, stench
daqan, diqan pl. adqn, duqn
whiskers d. a-aik; worm-
wood, absinthe; karr li-
adqnihim they prostrated themselves;
309 ( gariqa f
l-amal) to be up to ones neck in work, be
swamped by work (properly: to drown in
work); ( aika) pl.
(eg., syr.) to fool s.o., make fun of s.o.,
lead s.o. around by the nose ( with s.th.);
to
laugh in s.o.s face
remember, bear in mind ( s.th.), think (
of); to keep in mind ( s.th.); to recall,
recollect ( s.th.); -- (dikr) to speek, talk (
of, about); to name, mention, cite, quote
( s.th.); to state, designate, indicate (
s.th.); to give ( e.g., foots, data); to point,
refer ( to s.th.); to report, relate, tell (
taqaddumun
yudkaru notable progress;
(yudkaru) inconsiderable, not worth
mentioning; ( ) )kair) to
have pleasant memories of s.o., hold s.o.
in fond remembrance; to speak well of
s.o.; ( arr) to have unpleasant
memories of s.o.; to speak ill of s.o. II to
remind ( s.o. of s.th.), point out ( to
s.o. s.th.), call s.o.s ( )attention ( to); to
make ( a word) masculine (gram.) III to
parley, negotiate, confer, have a talk, take
counsel ( with s.o.); to memorize, commit
to memory, learn, study ( ones
assignment, ones lesson)
(dursah) to study ones lessons, do
ones homework IV to remind ( s.o. of
s.th.), call ( s.th.) to s.o.s ( )mind V to
remember, bear in mind ( s.th.), think (
of s.th.) VI to remind each other ( of),
revive each others memory of ( ;)to
confer (together), have a talk, take counsel
VIII iddakara = V; X to remember,
recall, keep in mind, know by heart ( pass, laissez-passer; passport;
s.th.) ( Syr.) identity card (=
dikr recollection, remembrance, Eg.); t. al-intikb
reminiscence, memory, commemoration; ballot
reputation, repute, renown; naming, tadkarj, tadkar ticket
stating, mention(ing), quoting, citation; seller, ticket clerk; (streetcar) conductor
report, account, narration, narrative;
tadkr reminding (of s.o., of
invocation of God, mention of the Lords
s.th:). reminder, memento; fecundation,
name; (in Sufism) incessant repetition of
pollination (of female blossoms; in
certain words or formulas in praise of
pomiculture)
God, often accompanied by music and
dancing ( with foll. genit.) mudkara pl. -t negotiation,
apropos of, speaking of ...; consultation. conference; deliberation (of
speaking of that, incidentally, in that a court; Syr.); learning, memorizing,
connection; the Koran; memorization; study
abovementioned, afore- tadakkur memory, remembrance,
mentioned; of blessed recollection
memory, deceased, late;
(ada) to celebrate, praise, commend s.o. istidkr memorizing,
or s.th., speak in glowing terms of s.o. or memorization, committing to memory
s.th.; ( dikr min) he dkira memory
still remembered ..., he could still recall ...
madkr mentioned; said, above-
dakar pl. dukr, mentioned; celebrated
dukra, dukrn male; (pl. ) lam yakun aian m. it was of no
penis importance, it was nothing
dukra reputation, repute, renown mudakkar masculine (gram.)
dikr pl. dikrayt mudakkira pl. -t reminder;
remembrance, recollection, memory; pl. note; remark.; notebook; memorandum,
reminiscences, memoirs memorial, aide-mmoire, (diplomatic)
dakr steel note; ordinance, decree; treatise, paper,
report (of a learned society, = Fr.
tadkr, tidkr remembrance; mmoires); pl. reminiscences, memoirs
reminder, memento; memory, m. al-ittihm bill of
commemoration; souvenir, keepsake; indictment (jur.); m. al-jalb
memorial day t. writ of habeas corpus;
jam al-qiddsn All Saints Day (Chr.) (ifhya) verbal note (dipl.)
tadkr, tidkr serving to ( and ( dak u (dukw, dakan,
remind, helping the memory; memorial, dak) to blaze, flare up (fire); to
commemorative exude a strong odor; -- dakiya (
tadkira reminder; memento dak) to be sharp-witted, intelligent II
and IV to cause to blaze, fan ( the fire);
tadkira, mostly pronounced
to kindle ( s.th.) II to immolate an
tadkara, pl. tadkir2 message, note;
animal X = dak
slip, paper, permit, pus; card; ticket;
admission ticket postcard; dak acumen, mental, acuteness,
t. itbt a-akya intelligence, brightness; -- duk2 the sun
identity card; t. dahb daky pl. adkiy2
wa-iyb round-trip ticket; intelligent, sharp-witted, clever, bright;
(eg.) platform ticket; redolent, fragrant; tasty, savory, delicious
subscription ticket; ( ibbya)
medical prescription; permit,
 dalla i (dall, dull, dalla, dilla,
madalla) to be low, lowly, humble,
despised, contemptible II to lower, debase,
degrade, humiliate, humble ( , s.o.,
s.th.); to subject, break, subdue, conquer (
s.o.); to overcome, surmount (
difficulties, obstacles) IV to lower,
debase, degrade, humiliate, humble ( ,
s.o., s.th.); to subject, break, subdue,
conquer ( , s.o. s.th.) V to lower o.s,
humble o.s., cringe ( or before s.o.);
to be humble, obsequious X to think (
s.o.) low or despicable; to think little (
of), disesteem ( s.o.); to deride, flout,
disparage, run down ( s.o.)
dull lowness, lowliness,
insignificance; ignominy, disgrace, shame,
degradation, humiliation; humility,
humbleness, meekness, submissiveness
dilla lowness, baseness, vileness,
depravity; submissivness, obsequiousness
dall pl. adill2, adilla low, purpose (allocation of funds);
lowly; despised, despicable, contemptible;
docile, tractable, pliable; humble,
submissive, abject, servile; obsequious,
cowering, cringing dall pl. dulul
docile, tractable, gentie (animal); female
riding camel
madalla humbleness, meekness,
submissiveness; humiliation
tadll derogation, degradation,
bemeaning; overcoming, conquering,
surmounting (of difficulties, of an
obstacle, and the like)
idll degradation, debasement,
humiliation
tadallul self-abasement 311
duldul pl. daldil2 lowest, nethermost
part of s.th.; train, hem (of a garment)
the mob, the riffraff
adlaf2, f. dalf, pl. dulf having a
small and finely chiseled nose
dalq tip, point; tip of the tongue
al-urf ad-dulq,
and ( dulaqiya) the
liquids r, l, n (phon.)
dalq, daliq, dalq eloquent, glib,
facile (tongue)
dalqa eloquence, glibness (of the
tongue)
etc., see
damma u (damm, madamma) to blame,
find blameworthy, dispraise, criticize (
s.o.), find fault ( with s.o.) II to rebuke,
censure sharply ( s.o.)
damm censure, dispraise, derogation,
disparagement
dimma pl dimam protection,
care, custody; covenant of protection,
compact; responsibility, answerableness;
financial obligation, liability, debt;
inviolability, security of life and property;
safeguard, guarantee, security; conscience
honestly? really? seriously?
and upon my word, truly;
, in s.o.s debt, indebted to s.o.;
his debt; under s.o.s
protection; at s.o.s disposal; for the
benefit of s.o. or s.th., for s.o. or some
she is financially dependent on him, he
has to support her; ahl ad-d. the
free non-Muslim subjects living in
Muslim, countries who, in return for
paying the capital tax, enjoyed protection
and safety; of pure conscience,
upright, honest; ( barraa) to relieve
ones conscience, meet ones obligation
dimm a zimmi, a free non-Muslim
subject living in a Muslim country (see
dimma: )
dimm pl. adimma right, claim,
title; protection, custody; security of life
and property f d. al-lail
under cover of darkness
damm censured; blameworthy,
objectionable, reprehensible; ugly, unfair,
nasty
damima pl. damim2 blame,
censure
madamma pl. -t blame, censure
madmm censured; blameworthy,
objectionable, reprehensible
V to grumble, complain ( or about)
dimr sacred possession, cherished
goods; honor
 tadammur pl. -t grumbling, (lit.: like yesterday gone by); ( bi-
complaint, grievance bahihi) to take the glamor away from
s.th.; ( bi-nafsih) to kill s.o. (joy,
damiya a ( dam) to be in the throes
terror, etc.); ( bi-kaylih) to let
of death
ones imagination wander ( to);
dam last remnant; last breath of ( madhabah) to embrace s.o.s
life ( ayh) last breath of madhab (see below); to follow s.o.s
life teaching, make s.o.s belief ones own,
IV to do wrong, commit a sin, a crime, an embrace s.o.s ideas; to adopt s.o.s
offense; to be guilty, be culpable X to find policy, proceed exactly like s.o.;
or declare ( s.o.) guilty of a sin, of a ( kulla madhabin) to do everything
crime, of an offense conceivable, leave no stone unturned, go
to greatest lengths II to gild ( s.th.) IV to
danb pl. dunb offense, sin, cause to go away, make disappear,
crime, misdeed remove, eliminate ( s.th.); to take away (
danab pl. adnb tail; end; s.th., from s.o.)
adherent (pol.), follower, henchman II tamadhaba (deriv. of
danab caudal, tail- (in madhab) to follow, adopt, embrace ( a
compounds); append aged, appendant, teaching, a religion, etc.)
dependent dahab (m. and f.) gold; gold piece,
dunaib petiole, leafstalk (bot.) gold coin O ( abya) platinum
mudannab comet dahab golden, of gold; precious,
excellent, apposite (e.g., advice, saying,
mudnib culpable, guilty; sinner; etc.) golden word, maxim,
evildoer, delinquent, criminal 312 epigram
dahaba a ( dahb, madhab) to dahabya pl. -t dahabeah, a long
go ( to); to betake o.s., travel ( to); to light-draft houseboat, used on the Nile
go away, leave, depart; to disappear,
vanish, decline, dwindle; to perish, die, be dahb going; passing, passage,
destroyed; with : to carry s.th. off, take falling away, decrease, dwindling, loss,
s.th. away, abduct, steal s.th., sweep s.th. disappearance; leave, departure; trip,
or s.o. away, annihilate, destroy s.th. or journey; outward-bound trip or journey
s.o.; to lead or conduct s.o. to, (as opposed to iyb return trip;
take s.o. along to; to think, believe ( railroad); opinion, view ( that)
s.th.), hold the view, be of the opinion ( ( iyban) there and back; back and
that); to escape ( s.o.; fig.), slip ( forth, up and down;
s.o.s mind), to lose sight of the tadkarat d. wa-iyb round-trip ticket
fact that ..., forget that ... ; to ignore, skip, duhb going coming
omit ( s.th.); (with imperf.) to prepare and going; coming and
to ..., be about to ... to go back going, in a state of fluctuation, having its
and forth, walk up and down; ups and downs
( abada) to go beyond ... (fig.);
( nazatih) what follows along madhab pl. madhib2 going,
these lines; ( ! yudhabu) the idea leave, departure; way out, escape (
of it! you cant mean it! ( sudan) from); manner followed, adopted
to be futile, be in vain, be of no avail; procedure or policy, road entered upon;
( adrja r-riy) to go the ways opinion, view, belief; ideology; teaching,
of the winds, i.e., to pass unnoticed, doctrine; movement, orientation, trend
without leaving a trace; to end in smoke, (also pol.); school; mazhab, orthodox rite
come to nothing, be futile, be in vain; of fiqh (Isl. Law); religious creed, faith,
( ka-amsi d-dbir) to vanish into denomination O ( ayh) his
thin air, disappear without leaving a trace philosophy of life, his weltanschauung;
 ( mdd) the materialistic muter of, endowed or provided with,
ideology, the materialistic approach to embodying or comprising s.th. d
life; to go very far, be very aql endowed with brains, bright,
extensive intelligent; rich, wealthy; d
ia healthy; d an important,
madhab denominational,
significant; d l-qurb relative,
confessional; sectarian
kin(sman); ( zar) uncultivated
madhabya sectarianism 313 (land); min d qablu than before;
dhib: d. al-laun faded, of ones own accord,
colorless, discolored spontaneously; dawhu his relatives,
his kin, his folk; daw l-
madhb bih and m. mawadda wa-l-marifa friends end
al-aql out of ones mind, demented acquaintances; daw -ubuht
mudahhab gilded dubious persons, people of ill repute;
daw -an important, influential
dahala a (dahl, duhl) to forget, people; the competent people (or
overlook, omit, neglect, fail to heed ( authorities), those concerned with the
s.th.); -- dahlia a ( duhl) to be matter; ul l-amr rulers, leaders;
perplexed, alarmed, dismayed, startled, ul l-hall wa-l-aqd
surprised, baffled; to be astonished, be influential people, those in power
amazed; to frighten, scare, take alarm,
flinch; to be absent-minded, be distracted; dt pl. dawt being, essence, nature;
to be or become distracted ( from), self; person, personality; the same, the
forget, overlook, fail to heed, neglect ( selfsame; -self; people of rank,
s.th.) IV to baffle, startle, nonplus ( s.o.); people of distinction, notables; dtan
to distract ( s.o. from), make ( s.o.) personally d. al-bain
forget ( s.th.) VII = dahila disagreement, dissension, disunion,
discord, enmity; friendship; d.
duhl perplexity, consternation, al-janb pleurisy (med.); d. ar-ria
bafflement, daze, stupor; confusion, pneumonia; d. a-adr disease of
bewilderment, dismay, alarm, fright; the chest, pectoral ailment; d. al-
surprise; amazement, astonishment; yad wealth, affluence; d. aidn
absentmindedness, distraction, our possessions; dta l-yamn to
distractedness ( from) the right, dta -imli to the
diJAil negligent, forgetful, left, dta l-yasri do.;
oblivious, distracted, absent-minded; dta marratin once, one time, f
dazed, in a stupor dti marratin do.; dta yaumin one
day, f dti yaumin do.;
madhl perplexed, startled,
f dti gadin sometime in the future,
alarmed, dismayed, dazed, confused,
before long; ... f dti ... (with foll.
baffled, bewildered; distracted,
genit.) as to , concerning ..., with
absentminded
reference to , re; bi-d-dt none
mudhil startling, baffling, amazing other than ..., ... of all things, ... of all 314
mundahil alarmed, dismayed, people; personally, in person; I, of
perplexed, startled, baffled; distracted, all people, ..., none other than I ...;
absent-minded in London, of all places;
(sada) essential happiness, happiness
dihn pl. adhn mind; intellect proper; dt nafsih, d.
dihn mental, intellectual anfusihim his sejf, their selves, his (their)
very nature; ( he) himself;
dihnya mentality the same thing; the
d, genit. d, acc. d, f. dt, pl. m. same things; ( sana) the same
daw, ul, pl. f. dawt (with year; by himself (itself); in itself; as
foll. genit.) possessor, owner, holder or such; for his (its) own sake; in
 itself; f addi d. do.; self-
existent, independent, self-contained,
isolated; ( tiqa) self-confidence;
ubb ad-d. and
maabbat ad-d. self-love, selfishness,
egoism; self-confidence, drive away, chase away; to remove (
self-reliance; self-evident, self-
explanatory; munqi dtah
self-contradictory; ibn dawt
descended from a good family, highborn
dt own, proper; self-produced,
self-created, spontaneous; personal; self-
acting, automatic; subjective (philos.); (pl.
-n) subjectivist (philos.); dtyan of
o.s., by o.s.; personally, in person
( ukm) autonomy
dtya personality; subjectivism
(philos.); identity (of a person)
identification (of a person)
l-dtya impersonality
dawt high-class, exclusive, luxurious
1
see
1 s.th.), go through s.th. ( )IV to have (
)) )dba u (daub), (daub, )to
dissolve; to melt; to melt away; to liquefy,
deliquesce; to dwindle away, vanish; to
pine away, waste away (
asratan wa-asan with grief and sorrow)
( hayan) to die of shame;
( afruh) to strive in vain for,
make futile efforts in order to II to
dissolve, melt, liquefy ( s.th.) IV to
dissolve (also, e.g., tablets in water),
liquefy ( s.th.); to melt ( s.th.); to smelt
( metal); to consume, spend, exhaust,
use up, sap ( s.th.) ( juhdah)
to exhaust s.o.s energy;
(urata mukkih) to rack ones brain
with
daub dissolution; solution (also, as
a liquid)
dawabn dissolution, melting,
deliquescence, liquefaction
))d. at-talj (at-tulj) snowbreak,
thaw; qbil li-d-d. meltable,
soluble, dissoluble
tadwb dissolution, solution,
melting, liquefaction
idba dissolution, solution,
melting, liquefaction
dib dissolved; melted, molten;
salable, dissoluble
and see
) )dda u (daud, diyd) to scatter,
s.o., s.th. from); to defend, protect (
s.o., s.th.) ( an-nauma an
ainih) to drive or keep the sleep from his
eyes
daud defense, protection ( of
s.th.)
diyd defense, protection ( of
s.th.)
midwd pl. madwid manger,
crib, feeding trough
did pl. dda defender,
protector
) )dqa u (dauq, dawq,
madq) to taste, sample ( food, etc.); to
try, try out, teat ( s.th.); to get a taste 315
( of s.th.), experience, undergo, suffer (
s.o.) taste or sample ( s.th.), give ( s.o.
s.th.) to taste V to taste ( s.th.) slowly,
repeatedly, thoroughly; to get a taste ( of
s.th.); to sense, perceive ( s.th.); to enjoy
thoroughly, savor, relish ( s.th.); to
derive pleasure ( from)
dauq pl. adwq gustatory
sense; taste ( for; also, e.g., literary
taste); perceptivity, responsiveness (
for); sensitivity, sensitiveness; savoir-
vivre, suavity, urbanity, tact; liking,
inclination; taste, flavor (of food, etc.)
good taste
dauq of taste, gustative, gustatory
dawq taste
dawwq epicure, connoisseur,
gourmet, bon vivant
madq taste
diqa sense of taste
daw i and dawiya a to wither, wilt, fad.;
to be withered, be dry IV to cause to wilt,
to dry
dwin withered, faded, drooping
see
 ) )da i ( duy) to spread, get
about, circulate, be spread, be
disseminated, be or become widespread;
to leak out, become public, become
generally known IV to spread. spread out,
disseminate, propagate ( or s.th.); to
make known, announce, make public,
publicize, publish ( or s.th.); to
promulgate ( or s.th.); to show,
manifest, display ( or s.th.), give
evidence ( or of); to reveal, disclose,
divulge ( or s.th.); to emit ( electric
waves); to broadcast, transmit ( s.th.,
to the public; radio) ( talfaza) tamassaka bi-adylih to cling to s.o.s
to telecast ( s.th.)
duy widespreadness,
commonness; spreading, spread,
dispersion, diffusion; circulation (of news)
midy pl. mady2 telltale,
talebearer, tattler, blabber,: indiscret
person; radio station, broadcasting station;
broadcasting; microphone; O radio set
ida spreading, dissemination,
propagation; announcement,
proclamation; publication; revelation,
disclosure; playback (of a tape; as
opposed to recording); broadcasting,
radio; (pl. -t) (radio) broadcast,
transmission i. al-akbir a rent, and the like); to rectify, put in
newscast, news (radio); order, set right ( s.th.)
(talfazya) television broadcast, telecast;
( l-silkya) and
radio broadcast; broadcasting, radio;
police radio; majallat al- garage
i. radio magazine
di widespread, common,
general; circulating, in circulation; widely
known d. a-t famous, noted, ( = look up alphabetically)
renowned, widely known
mud spreader, disseminator,
propagator, proclaimer; broadcasting,
transmitting (used attributively); (radio)
transmitter; radio announcer
muda pl. -t woman announcer rdr radar
(radio)
II to furnish ( s.th., esp. a book) with an
appendix, add a supplement ( to); to
provide ( s.th.) at the end ( with) IV to
trample underfoot, degrade, debase (
s.th.)
dail pl. duyl, adyl the
lowest or rearmost part of s.th., lower end;
tail; hem, border (of a garment); train (of a
skirt); lappet, coat tail; bottom, foot, end
(of a page); appendage, appendicle;
add.nda, supplement, appendix (of a
book); retinue, 316 attendants, suite;
dependent; result, consequence
immediately thereafter: innocent,
blameless, upright, honest;
ahrat ad-d. innocence, moral integrity,
probity, uprightness, honesty;
long, lengthy, extensive:
coat tails, hold on to s.o.;
(jarra, alaihi) to wipe out s.th., bring
about the doom of s.th., let s.th. sink into
oblivion: to resort to s.th.
r name of the letter
ria pl. rin, rit lung
riaw pulmonary, pulmonic,
pneumonic, of or pertaining to the lung,
lung (used attributively)
raaba a (rab) to mend, repair, patch up (
ruba patch (for mending a rent)
mirab pl. marib2 repair shop,
( Fr. rapport) report
ratinaj resin
rud soft, tender; rud and ( fath)
delicate young girl
rid pl. ard person of
approximately the same age,
contemporary
radikl radical
rdiy radio
radiylj radiology
radiym radium
radioactive
 raraa: ( bi-ainaih) to roll ones ras-ml capitalistic; (pl. -n)
eyes capitalist
raasa a ( risa) to be at the head, ras-mlya capitalism
be the chairman, be in charge ( of s.th.);
ras pl. ruas one at the
to preside ( over s.th.); to had, lead, head, or in charge, of; head; chieftain;
direct, manage, run ( s.th.); -- leader; chief, boss; rais; director; head-
rausa u to be the chief, the leader II to
master, principal, chairman; governor;
appoint as chief or head, make the director president; manager, superintendent;
or leader, entrust with the direction,
conductor (mus.); superior (as
management or chairmanship ( s.o.) V = distinguished from subordinate);
raasa VIII to become or be the chief, (mil.) captain (Ir. 1922. Leb.; formerly
head, leader, or director
also Syr. And Eg.); ( awwal)
ras m. and f., pl. rus, military rank between captain and major
arus head (also as a enumerative of (= Fr. capitaine 1ire classe; Ir. 1922, Syr.
cattle); chief, chieftain, head, leader; 1952) archbishop;
upper part, upper end; tip; top, summit, r. al-baladya chief of a municipality,
peak; vertex, apex; extremity, end; mayor; editor-in-chief;
promontory, headland, cape (geogr.); r. arkn al-arb chief of
main part; beginning: rasan directly, general staff; r. at-tarft
straightway; immediately sui chief of protocol, master of ceremonies
generis, in a class by itself, independent, (of the king; formerly Ir.);
self-contained, e.g., ( ilm) a archdeacon; r. uraf (mil.)
science in itself; ( both) alike, one master sergeant (Ir., Syr.); r.
like the other, equally, without distinction: al-aqsm technical director general (of the
( with foll. genit.) at the head of; at State Railways; Eg.); r. an-
the end of; at the beginning of, before, nuwwb president of parliament, speaker
prior to; ( wa-l-ain) very of the (lower) house;
gladly; juts as you wish! at your service! r. haiat arkn al-arb chief of general
al r. il-ahd in public, staff; r. al-wuzar and
for all the world to see; prime minister, premier
rasan al aqbin upside down, topsy- rasa manageress; directress;
turvy, e.g.,
mother superior
(qalabah) to turn s.th. completely upside
down, upset s.th. from the bottom up; ras main, chief, principal,
( qadam) or leading ( daur) leading role,
( akmai l-qadam) from head to toe; leading part; ( sabab) principal
to pay attention to s.th.; cause, main reason; main
the principal evil, the root of all evil; street; cardinal virtues
Ras Tanura (cape. E Saudi (Chr.); ( maqla) editorial,
Arabia, oil center); r. tm clove of leading article, leader
garlic: r. al-jisr bridgehead; rayyis (= )mate (naval rank;
( miya) hothead, hotspur, firebrand; Eg.) ( mumtz) a naval rank
r. as-sana New Year; (approx. = petty officer 3rd class; Eg.
r. al-amd capital (of a column or 1939)
pilaster); letter-head;
pl. capital (fin.): risa, riysa (also )
masqa, masqi ar-r. birthplace, home leadership, leading position; management,
town; sam ar-r. zenith direction; chairmanship; presidency,
(astron.); ( balad) the capital city; presidentship; supervision,
tiptoes superintendency prime
ministry, premiership;
ras head (adj.), cephalic; main, presidential palace, seat of the chief
chief, principal; perpendicular, vertical executive of a country
 taraus direction, management; to think that it would be in s.o.s
chairmanship interest to ...; ( rayah) to share
s.o.s. opinion; pass.: ( ruiya) it
rawis2 cliffs lining river bode
was decided that ...; it was felt
(wadis)
proper to do III it was thought to be the
mars subordinate; (pl. -n) a right thing to do ill to act ostentatiously,
subordinate, a subaltern make a show before people, attitudinize;
raafa a and raufa u ( rafa, to do eyeservice; to behave hypocritically,
rafa) to show mercy ( on s.o.), have act the hypocrite, (dis)simulate, dissemble
pity ( with s.o.), be kind, gracious, ( toward s.o.) IV ar to show,
merciful ( to s.o.) V do. demonstrate ( to s.o. s.th.) y
tur (in interrogative sentences) whats
rafa and rafa morcy, your opinion? would you say ...? I
compassion, pity: kindliness graciousness wonder ..., I wonder when ...,
raf merciful, compassionate; wonder if ..., would you say
kind, benevolent; gracious that ...? ( a-tarh) I wonder if
she has come, would you say she has
araf kindlier, more gracious ( come? would you say I should
toward) 318 go back? V to deem, think, believe VI to
rfiy raffia, raftia palm present o.s. to or come into s.o.s ( )view,
1 show o.s. ( to s.o.); to appear, seem ( to
raama a (ram) to repair, mend ( s.th.)
s.o.); to appear right, seem appropriate (
2
raima a ( rimn) to love tenderly ( to s.o.), be thought proper ( by s.o.); to
s.th.), be very fond ( of); to treat see one another; to look at o.s. (in a
tenderly, fondle, cares ( s.th.) mirror); to act the hypocrite; to fake,
rim pl. arm white antelope, feign, simulate ( s.th.) VIII to consider,
addax contemplate ( s.th.); to be of the opinion
( that), decide ( that)
ram loving, tender (mother to (rayan) to have an opinion;
her children) (rayah) to share s.o.s opinion
rmallh Ramallah (town in W Jordan, ray pl. r opinion, view;
N of Jerusalem) idea, notion, concept, conception; advice,
rmiya ramie, a strong, lustrous bast suggestion, proposal; (Isl. Law) subjective
fiber; China jute (bot.) opinion, decision hued on ones individual
judgment (not on Koran and Sunna)
rwand rhubarb and in my opinion;
1
ra yar (ray, ruya) to see; to I am of this opinion; he is of
behold, descry, perceive, notice, observe, the opinion that ...; ( ukida) it
discern ( s.th.); to look ( at s.th. as), was put to the vote, (the matter) was voted
regard ( s.th. as), consider, deem, upon; he was not what they
think ( s.th. to be ...); to judge; to be of had expected; he had no say
the opinion ( that), believe, think ( in the matter; ( mm) public
that); to express ones opinion; to feel ( opinion; pl. sensible,
that); to deem appropriate, think proper ( judicious; man of good sense and
s.th.), decide ( on s.th., to do s.th.); to judgment; well-informed, knowledgeable
consider, contemplate a-raaita tell person, one in the know;
me! what do you think? tabdul al-r, exchange of views;
(raya l-ain) to see with ones own eyes; ulba ar-r. obstinate, stubborn,
( ruy) to have a dream; opinionated; qism ar-r. committee
( ajaba) to be amazed at s.th.; of experts, council on legal and economio
expect some benefit from s.th.; matters (attached to the ministries; Eg.)
( min wjibih) to regard as rya pl. -t banner, flag 319
ones duty, deem incumbent upon o.s.;
 ruya seeing, looking, viewing;
inspection, examination
ruya pl. ruan vision; dream
sifr ar-r. the pocalypse (Chr.)
maran sight, view; vision;
apparition before s.o.s
eyes; ( wa-masmain) ladies
before the eyes and ears of; with full
knowledge of
mirh pl. marin,
mary looking glass, mirror; reflection,
reflected image
mirya pl. -t looking glass
mirror
ri and riy eyeservice;
hypocrisy, dissimulation; dissemblance;
simulation ( of s.th.)
, murh eyeservice; rebec, a stringed instrument of the rabs
hypocrisy, dissimulation, dissemblance;
simulation ( of s.th.)
rin viewer, onlooker, spectator,
observer
O riya pl. -t view finder (of a
camera)
mary seen; visible; the
visible things, the visible world
murin pl. murun
hypocrite
2
and see
3
ry an Egyptian variety of salmon
4
see 2
rabba u (rabb, ribba) to be master,
be lord, have possession ( of), control
( s.o., s.th.), have command or
authority ( over); -- u (rabb) and II to
raise, bring up ( a child) II to deify,
idolize ( s.o., s.th.)
rabb pl. arbb lord; master;
owner, proprietor (Isl. Law); (with foil.
genit.) one possessed of, endowed with,
having to do with, etc.; the Lord (=
God) ( bar) a naval rank
(approx. = seaman; Eg.); father
of the family, paterfamilias;
a. as-suln the rulers; the
capitalists; the scension
(Chr.); a. al-mat
pensioners; those previously
convicted; artists
rabba pl. -t mistress; lady
r. al-manzil the lady of the house;
r. al-bait landlady; r.
irih his muse; r. al-ijl the
rubb pl. ribb, rubb rob,
thickened juice (of fruit): mash, pulp
rubba (with fol. indet. genit.) many
a, e.g., ( rajulin) many a man,
( marratin) many a time
rubbam sometimes; perhaps,
maybe, possibly
rabba, ribba a kind of skin eruption
affecting the head and face
rabib, rabba rebab or
resembling the fiddle, with one to three
strings (in Eg. usually two-stringed)
rabb pl. -t aribb foster
son, stepson; foster father; confederate,
ally
rabba pl. rabib2 foster
daughter, stepdaughter; foster mother;
(woman) ally
rubbya divinity, deity, godship
rubbn pl. -ya, rabbina
captain, skipper; a naval rank, approx. =
captain, ( tnin) approx. =
commander (Eg. 1939)
rabbn divine; pertaining to God
divine things;
(alh) the Lords Prayer (Chr.)
( eg.) mirabba (= murabban)
jam, preserved fruit 320
rbb stepfather
rbba stepmother
rabaa a to hold in esteem, esteem highly (
s.o.); If '! 4J to consider s.o. above s.th.,
above doing s.th., have too high an
oplnion of s.o. as to suspect him of
(doing) s.th. or as to expect him to do
s.th.; ( bi.-nafsii) to deem o.s.
above s.th., be too proud for, stand aloof
from
 raba pl. rabya guard rabaa (rab, rubd) to lie down; to lie,
rabata i (rabt) to pat, caress, stroke ( s.o.)
II do. ( kaddihi) to pat s.o.s
cheek; ( katifihi) to pat s.o. on
the shoulder; to be self-satisfied,
self-complacent, smug
rabia a (rib, raba) to gain ( from
s.th. s.th.), profit ( from); to win (sports,
games) ( tijratuhum) fold
their business was unprofitable II and IV
to make ( s.o.) gain, allow s.o. ( )a profit
rib pl. arb gain, profit;
benefit; interest (on money); pl. proceeds,
returns, revenues; O dividends
simple interest, ( murakkab)
compound interest
rabb pl. rabb2 monkey
arba2 more profitable, more
lucrative
murba (Isl. Law) resale with
specification of gain, resale with an
advance
rbi profiteer, gainer, winner;
beneficiary; lucrative, gainful, profitable
(business)
murbi lucrative, gainful,
profitable
V to become clouded, become overcast
(sky); to turn ashen, take on a glowering
expression (face, with anger) IX to
become ashen, assume a glowering
expression (face)
murbadd clouded; gloomy, morose
(face)
rabaa u (rab) to wait, look, watch, be
on the lookout ( for) V to lurk, lie in
wait ( for s.o.), waylay, ambush ( s.o.);
to lay an ambush, move into an ambush;
to take up positions (mil.); to expect (
s.th.), wait ( for s.th.) seam, weld (techn.)
(furata) to wait (or look) for an
opportunity; ( amra) to wait for
s.th. to befall s.o. or to happen to s.o., e.g.,
; to wait; for s.o. to meet
with disaster
tarabbu probationary term (adm.)
mutarabbi candidate, aspirant
rest (animals; with the chest to the
ground); to lurk ( for s.o.)
raba pl. arb outskirts,
suburb; place where animals lie down to
rest
marba pl. marbi2 place
where animals lie down to rest; sheep pen,
rabaa u i (rab) to bind, tie up, make fast,
moor ( s.th.); to tie, fasten, attach, hitch (
s.th. to); to connect ( s.th. with);
to fix, appoint, determine ( s.th.); to
value, rate, assess ( s.th.); to add,
append, affix ( s.th. to); to insert (
s.th. in); to combine, unite ( s.th.,
s.th. with); to ligate ( s.th.), apply a
tourniquet ( to); to bandage, dress ( a
wound); to bridle, check ( s.th.); to
brake ( a train); to suspend ( a cleric;
Chr.) ( lisnah) to silence s.o.;
( qalbih) to fortify s.o., give
s.o. patience (said of God);
(jaah) to keep ones self-control,
remain calm, be undismayed; 321
to practice highway robbery III to
be lined up, posted, stationed (troops); to
line up, take up positions; to be moored
(ship); to move into fighting positions
( qayatih) to defend the
cause of, fight for VIII to bind o.s.,
commit o.s. engage o.s.; to be bound (
by, also, e.g., by an obligation), be tied (
to); to be linked, be connected ( with); to
depend ( on); to unite, join forces
rab binding, tying; fastening,
joining, attaching, connecting; fixation,
determination (of an amount, of a
number); valuation, assessment
financial allocation; ahl al-
all wa-r. infIuentiBJ people, those in
power; makn ar-r. (welded)
raba (tun.) section, quarter (of a
city), suburb
raba pl. -t, rib ribbon,
band, bandage; bundle; parcel, package
r. ar-raqaba necktie; r.
as-sq garter; money purse
 rib pl. -t, rubu, ar- rab pl. rub, rib,
bia ribbon, band; ligature, ligament; arb, arba home, residence,
bandage; dressing (of a wound); bond, quarters; pl. region, area territory,
fetter, shackle; -- suspension (of a cleric; lands; ( group of) people
Chr.); (pl. -t, rubu) inn for travelers, Rub al Khali (desert region in S
caravansary; hospice (for Sufis or the Arabia)
poor) r. al-ajriba garter; rib: umm r-rib quartan
r. al-jazma shoestring; r. (fever)
ar-raqaba necktie
rub pl. arb quarter, fourth
rib, rib al-fat Rabat part; roubouh, a dry measure 322 (Eg. =
(capital of Morocco) . = l); (syr.) 25-piaster piece
rib al-ja composure, self- r. sanaw quarterly, trimestral
control, calmness, intrepidity rub quarterly, trimestral
2
marbi, marba pl. marbi raba: r. al-qiwm and
place where aniimals are tied up r. al-qma (m. and f.) or medium
mirba pl. marbi2 hawser, height, medium sized
mooring cable; rope; O terminal (el.)
ruba robhah, a dry measure (Eg.;
irtib connectedness, connection, = . = l)
link; contact, 1iaison; tie ( to);
rabb athlete (boxer, wrestler,
obligation, engagement, commitment;
weight lifter, etc.)
bearing ( on), connection (( with),
relation ( to); unity; league, rab spring, springtime, vernal
confederation bidn irt, not season; name of the third and fourth
binding, without obligation (com.); months of the Muslim year ( r.
liaison officer al-awwali Rabia I, and r. at-tn
Rabia Il); quarter, fourth part
rbi al-ja composed, calm,
unruffled, undismayed, fearless arbaa (f. arba) four
dawt al-arba the
rbia pl. rawbi2 band;
quadrupeds
bond, tie; connection, link; confederation,
union, league r. a-adqa arbaata aara (f.
bonds of friendship; arbaa aarata) fourteen
(Islmya) the Moslem League arban forty; a
marb bound; connected; ceremony held on the 40th day after s.o.s
fastened, tied, moored ( to); fixed, death d al-a. Ascension Day
appointed; fixed salary; estimate (of the (Chr.)
budget) rub consisting or four,
murbi posted, stationed; quadripartite, fourfold, quadruple;
garrisoned (troops); Marabout quadrangular; tetragonal; (gram.)
( jai) the Territorial Army (Eg.) consisting of four radical letters,
quadriliteral; quartet; (pl. -t) quatrain
murtabi connected, linked ( (poet.) ( mutamar) four-
with); bound, committed ( by); power conference;
depending, conditional ( on) quadrilateral; r. l-arjul
rabaa a to gallop (horse); -- to sit; to quadruped(al), four-footed;
squat; to stay, live II to quadruple, muarrik r. l-miwr four-cycle
multiply by four, increase fourfold ( engine
s.th.); to square ( a number) V to sit or al-arba, al-arbi,
sit down cross-legged; to sit
yaum al-a. Wednesday
(ar) to mount the throne, sit on the
throne
 yarb pl. yarb jerboa confusion; embarrassment; upset (of the
(Jaculus jaculus; zool.)
marba pl. marbi meadow
tarb lunar quarter; -- (pl.
tarb2) quadrangle; square, plaza
(surrounded by houses) involved; bewildered, disconcerted,
quadrature or the circle
tarba pl. tarb2 square, rabil plump, fleshy, fat (person)
quadrangle; square, plaza; square panel;
tile, floor tile
tarb quadratic, square
ar-rbi the fourth; fourthly,
in the fourth place
rbi (due to erroneous pointing) =
q.v.
marb of medium height,
medium-sized
murabba fourfold, quadruple;
quadragular; tetragonal; square, quadratic;
quadrangle; square; (pl. -t) quadrangular
piece; quartet ( mitr) square
meter; quadrilateral (math.)
murabbaa pl. -t section, district,
area
murbi partner in an agricultural
enterprise (sharing one quarter of the
gains or losses)
jalasa mutarabbian to sit
crosslegs
rbig pleasant, comfortable
ribq lasso, lariat
ribqa, rabqa pl. ribaq,
ribq, arbq noose
rabaka u (rabk) to muddle, entangle,
complicate ( s.th.); to confuse, throw
into confusion ( s.o., s.th.); -- rabika a
(rabak) to be in an involved, confused
situation VIII to be confused; to become
involved ( in)
rabak involved, confused situation
rabik: confused; in trouble, beset
by difficulties
irtibk pl. -t entanglement,
involvement; snarl, tangle, muddle, mess;
stomach) 323
murabbik confusing, bewildering,
disconcerting
murtabik; confused, complicated,
embarrassed; involved ( in)
rabl, rabal fleshy
rabla pl. rabalt (mass of) flesh (of
the body)
rabl fleshy, corpulent, fat
rabla corpulence
see
) )rab u ( rab, rubw) to
increase; to grow; to grow up; to exceed, (
a number, also ), be more than ((
more than a hundred II to
make or let grow; to raise, rear, bring up (
s.o.); to educate; to teach, instruct ( a
child); to breed, raise ( e.g., poultry,
cattle); to develop ( e.g., a method) III to
practice usury IV to make grow, augment,
increase ( s.th.); to exceed ( a
number, an age, a measure) V to be
brought up, be educated; to be bred, be
raised
rabw dyspnea, asthma
rubwa (rabwa, ribwa) pl.
ruban hill
ribwa pl. -t ten thousand, myriad
riban interest; usurious interest;
usury
ribaw usurious
rab surplus, excess; superiority (
over s.o.); favor
tarbiya education, upbringing;
teaching, instruction; pedagogy; breeding,
raising (of animals) sayyi at-t.
ill-bred; ill-bred, uncivil, ill-
mannered; ilm at-t. pedagogy,
pedagogics; baby care;
( badanya) physical education,
physical training; t. al-
ayawn cattle farming, stockbreeding;
t. ad-dajj chicken farming,
 poultry husbandry; t. as-samak
pisciculture; t. an-nabtt plant officers (Syr.; mil.)
cultivation
tarbaw, tarbiyaw steplike elevation serving as a seat;
pedagogic, pedagogical
rbiya pl. rawbin hill
murabbin pl. murabbn
educator; pedagogue; breeder (of
livestock)
murabbiya pl. -t tutoress,
governess; dry nurse, nursemaid
murabban raised, brought up;
educated; well-bred, well-mannered; jam,
preserved fruit; pl. murabbayt
preserves
murbin usurer
mutarabbin well-bred, well-
mannered
( Fr. reportage) pl. -t reportage, report
aratt2, f. ratt2, pl. rutt afflicted up, regulated, etc.; (pl. -t) salary, pay,
with a speech defect
II to array, arrange, dispose ( s.th. in a
regular sequence or order); to decorate,
dress (iii a show window); to settle,
determine, regulate ( s.th.); to put into
proper order, put together ( words); to
prepare, set aside, earmark ( s.th.); to fix,
appoint ( a salary for s.o.); to make (
s.th.) result or accrue ( from), derive (
s.th. from), make ( s.th.) the result
or consequence of ( )V to fall in line;
to be arranged, organized or set up (along
the lines of); to be set aside, be assigned;
to be subordinate ( to s.th.), be the
result or consequence ( of), result,
follow, derive, spring ( from), be
caused ( by) ( bi-dimmatih)
to become the debtor of s.o. 324
rutba pl. rutab degree, grade,
level; rank, standing, station; class,
quality; (mil.) rank; clerical rank, order (of
the Christian ministry); religious
ceremony (Chr.) ritual (of the
Roman Catholic Church)
ratba monotony
ratb monotonous
rutab2 noncommissioned
martaba pl. martib2 step; a
mattress; grade, degree, rank, class
( l) first (mortgage)
tartb pl. -t order, arrangement,
array; sequence, succession; make-up,
setup; layout (of a complex, e.g., of
houses); organization; preparation,
arrangement, provision, measure, step; rite
of administering a sacrament (Chr.)
one by one, in proper succession;
disorderly, in confusion
tartb ordinal ( adad)
ordinal number .
rtib monotonous; (pl.
rawtib2 salary, pay, emolument; pl.
certain supererogatory exercises of
devotion
murattab arranged; organized, set
emolument
rataja u (ratj) to look, bar, bolt ( the
door); -- ratija a (rataj) to be tonguetied,
be speechless, falter IV pass.
(urtija) words failed him, he was
speechless, he didn't know what to say, he
was at a loss
ritj pl. rutuj, ratij2
gate, gateway I eli)1 p mukam ar-r.
firmly bolted (gate)
rataa a (rat, rut, rit) to
pasture, graze; to gormandize, carouse,
feast; to revel, indulge freely ( in) IV to
pasture, put out to graze ( cattle)
marta pl. marti2 rich
grazing land, pasture; fertile ground (
for; fig.); breeding ground, hotbed (of
vice, of evil, etc.)
rataqa u i (ratq) to mend, repair, patch up,
sew up ( s.th.)
ratq pl. rutq patching,
mending, repair; dam (of a stocking)
rataka u i, (ratk, ratak, ratakn) to
run with abort steps, trot
martak litharge (chem.)
 ratila a (ratal) to be regular, well-ordered,
neat, tidy II to phrase elegantly ( al-
kalma ones words); to psalmodize,
recite in a singsong; to sing, chant (
spiritual songs, hymns; Chr.)
ratl pl. artl railroad train
( l) motorized convoy (mil.)
rutail2 harvestman
(Phalangium), daddy longlegs; tarantula
tartl slow recitation of the Koran
(a technical term of tajwd); psalmodizing,
psalmody, singsong recitation; singing,
chanting (of hymns, etc.; Chr.); -- (pl.
tartl2) hymn; religious song (Chr.)
tartla pl. tartl2 hymn
murattal church singer; choirboy,
chorister (Chr.); singer, chanter
ratama i (ratm) to utter, say ( bi-
kalima a word; only with neg.)
ratam (coll.; n. un. )retem (Retama
raetam Webb., Genista raetam Forsk.;
bot.)
ratma and ratma pl.
ratim2, ritm thread wound around
ones finger as a reminder 325
) )rat u and II ratt to mend, darn (
e.g., stockings)
( Fr. retouche) rit retouch
ratnaj (= )resin mukk cerebral concussion (med.)
( It. retina) ratna pl. ratin2 IV to postpone, adjourn, defer, put off (
incandescent mantle
ratta i ( ratta, rutta) to
be ragged, tattered, shabby. worn
(garment)
ratt pl. ritt old, shabby, worn,
threadbare r. al-haia of shabby
appearance
ritta old, outmoded things, worn
clothes
ratt old, .habby, worn, threadbare
ratta shabbiness, raggedness
rutta shabbiness, raggedness
)and ( rat u (ratw) to bewail,
lament, celebrate in an elegy, in a funeral
oration ( a deceased person); -- rat i
(raty, rit, martiya, marth)
to bewail, lament, bemoan ( a deceased
person); to elegize, celebrate in an elegy,
in a funeral oration ( a deceased person);
to mourn ( for, over), deplore ( s.o. or
s.th.); to pity ( s.o.), feel sorry ( for)
to elegize s.o. (a deceased
person), bewail and celebrate him in an
elegy; ( yurt) a deplorable,
regrettable thing
raty bewailing, bemoaning,
lamentation
rit bewailing, bemoaning,
lamentation; regret; elegiac poetry
ratya pl. ratayt arthritis, gout
martiya and mart pl.
martin elegy, dirge, epicedium; pl.
funeral orations
raja u (rajj) to convulse, shake, rock (
s.th.); pass. rujja to be shaken, tremble,
shake, quake VIII to be convulsed, shake,
tremble, quake
rajj shaking, rocking, convulsion
rajja convulsion; shook,
concussion
rajjj trembling, quaking,
shaking, rocking
irtijj shock, concussion;
trembling, tremor O irt. al-
s.th.)
irj postponement, deferment,
adjournment
rajaba u and rajiba a (rajab) to be afraid
( or of), be awed ( or by)
rajab Rajab, the seventh month of
the Muslim year
rajaa a i u ( ruj, rujn) to
incline (scale of a balance); to weigh
more, be of greater weight; to
preponderate, predominate; to surpass,
excel ( s.o.); to be very likely ( that),
it appeared to him most likely
that ...; -- to weigh ( s.th. in the hand)
II to make ( s.th.) outweigh ( s.th.
else), give preponderance ( to s.th.,

over); to think ( s.th.) weightier; to
prefer ( s.th. to), give ( s.th.)
preference ( to), favor ( s.th.
more than); to think likely or probable (
s.th., that) V to carry greater weight, be
weightier, preponderate; to swing back
and forth, pendulate; to rock; to seesaw,
tester VIII to swing back and forth,
pendulate; to rook; to seesaw, tester
raja forbearance, indulgence,
leniency; composure, equanimity
rujn preponderance,
predominance ( over), ascendancy,
superiority 326
2
arja superior in weight,
preponderant; having more in its favor,
more acceptable; preferable; more likely,
more probable it is most likely
that ...; probably ...; probably, in
all probability
arjaya preponderance,
predominance, prevalence
urja pl. arj2 seesaw; to be due, belong by right ( to); to fall
swing; cradle
rji) superior in weight,
preponderant; having more in its favor,
more acceptable; preferable; probable,
likely
marja pl. marj2 restitution of s.th. from s.o.; to demand,
seesaw; swing
murajja preponderant,
predominant; probable, likely
rajraja and II tarajraja to tremble,
quiver; to sway
rajrj agitated; trembling,
tremulous; swaying; quivering; the
sea
1
VIII to compose or declaim poems in the
meter rajaz; to thunder, roar, surge (sea)
rujz, rijz punishment (inflicted by
God); dirt, filth
rajaz name of a poetical meter
arjz verses in the meter rajaz;
little (work) song
urjza pl. arjz2 poem in
the meter rajaz
2
look up alphabetically
rajisa a (rajs) and rajusa u ( rajsa)
to be dirty, filthy; to commit a shameful
act, do s.th. disgraceful or dirty
rijs pl. arjs dirt, filth; dirty
thing or act, atrocity
rajas pl. arjs dirt, filth
rajis dirty, filthy
rajsa dirt, squalor
rajjs roaring, surging (sea);
thundering
rajaa i ( ruj) to come back, come
again, return; to recur; to resort, turn (
to); to recommence, begin again, resume (
s.th.); to fall back ( on), go back,
revert ( to); to look up ( s.th. in a
book), consult ( a book); to go back, be
traceable ( to), be attributable ( to
the fact that ...), derive, stem, spring (
from); to reduce s.th. to (its
elements, or the like); to depend ( on);
under s.o.s ( )jurisdiction, be s.o.s ()
bailiwick; to desist, refrain ( from); to
withdraw (, also e.g., what one has
said), revoke, countermand, repeal, cancel
( or e.g., a decision); to turn against
s.o. ( ( to claim
claim ( s.th., from s.o.); to entail,
involve ( s.th., a consequence); to have a
good effect ( on), be successful (
with) ( aqbih) pl.
( aqbihim) to retrace one's steps,
go back the way one came;
(ia) to regain ones health;
( awbih) to come to one's senses;
to watch o.s., examine o.s.;
this is due to the fact that ...;
( sabab) the reason is to be
found in ...; he recalled,
remembered ...; ( kalmih) to
go back on ones word II to cause to come
back or return; to return, give back; to
send back; to turn away ( s.o. from);
to sing or chant in a vibrant, quavering
tone; to echo, reverberate ( s.th.)
( adh) to return the echo of s.th.,
echo s.th. III to return, come back (
to); to revert 327
 ruj return; reverting, coming
back ( to); recourse ( to); traceability
( to); revocation, withdrawal, retraction
( of s.th.); resignation, surrender ( of
s.th.); reclamation; recall; restitution,
return by return mail to shiver, shudder; -- to agitate, convulse,
raj excrement
marji pl. marji return;
authority to which one turns or appeals;
place of refuge, retreat; recourse resort;
authority, responsible agency; source (esp.
scientific), authoritative reference work;
resource; source to which s.th. goes back
or to which s.th. can be attributed; starting
point, origin; recourse (jur.)
m. An-naar jurisdiction, competence;
he is the one to turn to;
I am thereby referring to ;
this was due to , was disquieting talk, false rumor
attributable to ; ( m. ul- rajila a to go on foot, walk II to comb (
fal) the merit is due to them
marjiya authority
murjaa reiteration, repetition;
inspection, study, examination;
consultation (of a reference work);
request; application, petition (esp. to an
authority); application for advice or
instruction, etc., consultation (of s.o.);
checking, verification, re-examination;
auditing, audit (also ;)
revision, correction (of a manuscript)
irj return, restitution;
refundment; attribution ( to); reduction
( to)
tarju withdrawal, retreat;
recession, retrogadation
irtij return to an older form or
order, reactionism, reaction
irtij reactionary 328
istirj reclamation; recovery,
retrieval; retraction, withdrawal,
revocation
rji returning, reverting, etc.; due,
attributable ( to); rightfully belonging (
to s.o.); subject ( to s.th.); depending (
on) ( umm) relapsing
fever
murji checker, verifier,
examiner; reviser m. al-isb
auditor, comptroller
rajafa a (rajf, rajfn) to be
convulsed, be shaken; to tremble, quake;
shake ( s.o.) IV to make ( s.o.) tremble or
shudder; to convulse, shake, rock ( s.th.);
to spread lies, false rumors; also with ,
e.g., ( bi-ftirt) to spread
calumnies VIII to tremble, quake; to
shudder
rajfa (n. vic.) trepidation, tremor;
shudder, shiver
rajjf trembling, quaking; shaken,
convulsed
irjf pl. arjf untrue,
the hair); to let down ( the hair), let it
hang long V = I; to dismount ( or if
from; rider); to assume masculine
manners, behave like a man
to walk all the way VIII to
improvise, extemporize, deliver offhand (
a speech) X to become a man, reach the
age of manhood, grow up; to act like a
man, display masculine manners or
qualities
rijl f., pl. ari"l foot; leg
rijl pl. arjl swarm (esp. of
locusts); -- common purslane (Portulaca
oleracea L.; bot.)
rajil going on foot, pedestrian,
walking
rajul pl. rijl man; pl.
rijlt great, important men, leading
personalities, men of distinction
r. ad-daula statesmen; r.
as-sanad informants, sources of
information
rijl mens, for men (e.g.,
apparel)
rajla masculinity, virility,
manhood
rajlya masculinity, virility,
manhood
 mirjal pl. marjil2 cooking
kettle, caldron; boiler
irtijl improvisation,
extemporization, extemporary speech
irtijl extemporary, improvised,
impromptu, offhand, unprepared
rjil pl. rajl, rajjla, expectation, anticipation; urgent request
rujjl, rujln going on foot,
walking; pedestrian
murtajal improvised,
extemporaneous, extemporary,
impromptu, offhand
1
raiama u (raim) to stone ( a.o.); to curse,
damn, abuse, revile ( s.o.)
(gaib) to talk about s.th. of which one
knows nothing; to guess, surmise, make
conjectures; to predict the future II
do.
rajm stoning; (pl. rujam)
missile ( gaib) conjecture,
guesswork; prophecy
rujum shooting stars, meteorites
rajma pl. rujam, rijm
tombstone
rajm stoned; cursed, damned; see
also alphabetically
2
look up alphabetically
marjna basket 329
) )raj u ( raj, rajh, II to welcome ( s.o., also s.th., e.g.,
marjh) to hope; to hope for s.th. (;)
to .xpeat, anticipate ( s.th.), look forward
( to); to wish ( for s.th., s.o. s.th.,
e.g., success); to ask ( for s.th., or
s.o., to do s.th.), request ( s.th.,
from s.o., that he ...)
(il) to plead with s.o., implore s.o.;
( adama l-mukadata) I hearted; carefree; ( rab)
must ask your indulgence V to hope (
for); to expect, anticipate ( s.th., s.o.),
look forward ( to); to request ( s.o.); to
ask ( s.o.) VIII to hope ( for); to
expect, anticipate ( s.th., s.o.), look
forward ( to); to dread ( s.o.)
rajan and raj pl. arj ( at, aa) to be welcome;
side, direction; region; -- pl. arj
vastness (of a land), expanses; whole
vicinity or area about its
interior, e.g., ( gurfa) all
about the room, all over the
country, throughout the country;
( a. ur-radha) the entire
auditorium resounded with applause;
and vast in extent, vast-
dimensioned
raj hope ( and genit.; of);
in the hope of, hoping for;
raj al-ilm for your information (on
memos, records, etc.);
Cape of Good Hope
rajh hope, expectation,
anticipation
rajya s.th. hoped for; hope
marjh hope
rjin hoping, full of hope
marjw hoped for, expected;
requested ( min falika)
approx.; I hope you will be kind enough to
...; ( murtu) please notice
that , attention is called to the fact that
rajiya a to become silent; to remain
silent; pass. ( rujiya) to be tongue-
tied, be unable to utter a sound
( Fr. rgime) rijm diet
raiba a (raab) and rauba u (rub,
raba) to be wide, spacious, roomy
news), bid welcome ( to s.o.); to receive
graciously, make welcome ( s.o.) V to
welcome ( s.o.), bid welcome ( to)
rab wide, spacious, roomy;
unconfined r. a-adr
generous, magnanimous; broad-minded,
open-minded, liberal; frank, candid, open-
generosity, magnanimity; open-
mindedness, broad-mindedness, liberality;
frankness, candor; generous,
openhanded, liberal; do.
rub vastness, wideness,
spaciousness unconfinedness
( saatan) to met with a friendly
reception
 raab vastness, wideness,
spaciousness, unconfinedness
r. a-adr magnanimity, generosity;
lightheartedness
raba, raaba pl. -t public square
(surrounded by buildings); (pl. raabt
and rib) vastness, expanse
and r. al-fa vastness of
outer space
rab = rab
raba wideness, vastness,
spaciousness, unconfinedness
r. a-adr magnanimity, generosity
maraban bika welcome!
tarb welcome, greeting
( qbalah) to receive s.o. with
open arms
tarb welcoming, welcome,
greeting 330
raraa: ( kalm) to
equivocate, speak ambiguously, beat
around the bush
rara and rar wide,
broad, flat; carefree, pleasant (life)
raaa a (ra) to rinse, wash
mir pl. mar2
lavatory, toilet
raq exquisite wine; nectar
1
raala a ( ral) to set out; to depart,
leave; to move away, emigrate; to start (
from a place) ( yuqm)
a man constantly on the go, a dynamic
man II to make ( s.o.) leave, induce or
urge ( s.o.) to depart; to evacuate (
s.o. to), resettle, relocate ( s.o. in); to
deport ( s.o. to); to allow ( s.o.) to
emigrate; to give ( s.o.) travel clearance;
to carry (passengers e. g., a ship); to
transfer ( s.th.); to transport, convey,
forward ( s.th.); to dispatch, send out (
s.th.); to carry over, post ( an item;
bookkeeping); to carry forward ( the
balance; bank) V to wander, roam,
migrate, lead a nomadic life; to be
evacuated VIII to set out, leave, depart; to
move away, emigrate
(il ramati rabbih) to pass away, die
ral pl. ril camel saddle;
saddlebags; baggage, luggage; pl.
stopping place, stop, stopover
(adda) to set out, break camp;
alq rilah to stop ( in, at)
rila travel, journey; trip, tour;
travelogue
rula destination, place for which
one is bound
ral departure, setting out;
emigration; exodus; demise
ral pl. rial roving,
roaming, peregrinating, wandering,
migratory nomadic; -- (pl. rala)
great traveler, explorer; nomad
migratory birds; ( )
( urbn) the nomadic Bedouins
rala great traveler, explorer;
globetrotter
marala pl. maril2 a
days journey; leg of a journey; way
station; stage, phase
(yazdu) it exceeds it by far;
(aytih) throughout her life, in every
stage of her life
tarl departure, setting out
ayt at-t. nomadic life
tarl emigration, exodus;
effectuation of (s.o.s) departure;
deportation; evacuation; resettlement;
transfer; moving; transport, transportation;
posting (of accounts); carrying forward
(fin.); dispatch t. umml
assignment (or detailing) of workmen
irtil departure, setting out;
emigration, exodus; demise
ril pl. rual departing
leaving, parting; traveling; (pl. -n)
deceased, late, the deceased
raila pl. rawil2 female
riding camel( adda) to saddle
ones camel, start out on a journey
muraal pl. -t carry-over
balance carried forward (fin.)
2
rl Rachel
raima a ( rama, marama) to
have mercy ( upon s.o.), have compassion
 ( for s.o.) ; to spare, let off ( s.o.); to be
merciful II to say to s.o.:
raimaka llh may God have mercy upon
you; to ask God to have mercy ( upon
s.o.), plead for Gods mercy ( for what
has happened) V = II; VI to show human
understanding for one another, love and
respect one another X to ask ( s.o.) to
have mercy 331
raim, rim f., pl. arm
uterus; womb; relationship, kinship
daw l-a. relatives on the maternal
side
rama pity, compassion; human
understanding, sympathy, kindness; mercy
to be at s.o.s mercy; r. qiydat as-sayyrt driving
to leave s.th. or s.o. to s.o.s
mercy; pall
ram pl. ruam and
rum merciful, compassionate
ar-ramn the Merciful (i.e.,
God)
marama pl. marim2 pity,
compassion, sympathy; mercy
tarm: ( maut) pl.
tarm2 intercessory prayer for the
dead (Chr.)
istirm plea for mercy
marm deceased, late, e.g.,
the late M.
raan f., pl. ar, ruy, (al baiih) to sit on the eggs (hen) II to
arya quern, hand mill ajar
ar-r. millotone; ) ) ( a word); to tile with marble ( the
drat r. l-arb the war (fighting) broke
out; the war (fighting) was going on
raaw rotating, rotatory
ray pl. -n grinder
raa u to mix with water, dilute ( wine)
ra (n. un. )light shower
rukk roc, name of a fabulous giant
bird; (pl. rikaka) rook, castle (chess)
rakk soft (ground); comfortable,
pleasant, easy (life)
rakua (ruk) to be cheap, inexpensive; (
raka) to be supple, tender, soft II
to permit, allow ( s.o. or s.th.); to
authorize, license ( s.o., or to do
s.th.); to empower ( s.o.); to reduce the
price ( of s.th.) IV to reduce the price (
of s.th.) V to be willing to please, meet on
fair term. ( s.o. in), show o.s. ready to
compromise ( with s.o. in s.th.); to
make concessions ( or in s.th.); to
permit o.s. liberties, take liberties ( in)
X to find cheap, regard as inexpensive (
s.th.); to request s.o.s ( )permission
rak supple, tender, soft
ruk cheapness, inexpensiveness
ruka pl. ruka permission;
concession, license, franchise; admission;
authorization; leave; permit
permit, operators license
rak supple, tender, soft, cheap,
inexpensive, low-priced; base, mean, low;
trash, trumpery
tark pl. -t, tark2
granting of permission; permission;
authorization; mandate; concession;
license; price reduction, price cut
murtaki low-priced,
inexpensive, cheap kullu
murtakain wa-glin every conceivable
effort, everything (in ones power)
rakuma u ( rakma) and rakama u to
be soft, mellow, gentle, pleasant (voice);
) ) rakamat baiah
soften, mellow ( the voice); to apocopate
floor)
rakam (coll.; n. un. )Egyptian
vulture (Neophron percnopterus; zool.)
rukm marble
rukma pl. -t marble slab
rakm soft, mellow, pleasant,
melodious (voice); O note lowered by a
semitone, flat (mus.) 332
tarkm shortening, apocopation, esp. of a
name in the vocative by elision of the final
consonant (gram.)
( and ( rakuwa u and rakiya a
( rakwa, rak) to be or become
loose, slack, relaxed; to slacken, slump,
 sag, relax; -- rak u ( rak): decline ( s.th., e.g., the fulfillment of a
( aiuh) to live in easy
circumstances, live in opulence IV to
loosen, slacken ( s.th.); to relax ( s.th.);
to let go ( s.th.); to lower, drop, let down
( s.th.) VI to slacken, sag, droop, become
limp; to show little energy or zeal, let up,
become lax, be remiss ( in s.th.); to go
down, slump (prices); to lag, become dull
or listless (stock market); to diminish,
flag, wane, ebb, decrease; to desist (
from); to be lowered, drop, fall (curtain);
to be delayed, be retarded VIII to slacken,
slump, sag, droop, become limp, flaccid,
flabby; to become loose, work loose; to
soften, become soft; to relax, become
relaxed, unbend; to abate, let up; to
languish, nag, lose force or vigor X = VIII
rakw, rikw loose, slack; limp,
flabby, flaccid; indolent, languid; soft;
supple
rak ease, comfort, happiness;
prosperity; abundance, opulence (of
living); welfare; fairness, lowness (of
prices)
ruk gentle breeze
rakwa softness; flaccidity,
limpness; laxity r. al-d (naara) to look at s.th. again and again;
weakness of character
raky feeble, weakened, languid;
relaxed, at ease; cozy, comfortable
tarkin, limpness; slackness;
languor, lassitude; abatement, mitigation,
letup; relaxation; loosening, looseness
irtik loosening, slackening; house, a place; rarely ;)to return, recur;
looseness, slackness; laxity; abatement
mitigation, letup; ease, relaxedness;
relaxation; limpness; languor, lassitude
istirk = irtik
rkin sagging, drooping
mutarkin limp, flaccid, flabby;
drooping; languid; negligent, indolent,
slack
radda u (radd) to send back; to bring back,
take back ( s.o., s.th. to); to return (
s.th. to its place). put back, lay back (
s.th. in its place); to throw back,
repel, drive back, drive away ( s.o.); to
resist, oppose ( s.o.); to turn down, refuse,
wish); to ward off, parry, repel (
hujman an attack); to reject (
tuhmatan a suspicion); to hand back, give
back, return, restore ( s.th., to s.o.); to
return ( as-salma the greeting); to
reply ( to s.o.), answer ( s.o.); to
reflect ( light); to throw back, echo (
the voice); to refute, disprove ( s.th.);
to hold back, keep, restrain ( s.o. from
s.th.); to dissuade ( s.o. from), prevail
upon s.o. ( )not to do s.th. ( ;)to trace
back, attribute ( s.th. to an origin); to
bring, yield ( s.th. to s.o.); to
reappoint, reinstate ( s.o. as, e.g.,
kiman as governor) to close
the door; ( jawban) to answer;
this wont help you at all;
( yuraddu) irrefutable;
(aqibaih) pl. ( aqbihim)
to drive s.o. back to where he came from;
( ainah) he averted his eyes
from it II to keep away, avert, prevent,
stave off ( s.th.); to repel, throw back (
s.o., s.th.); to repeat (constantly,
frequently); to break forth, burst ( into,
e.g., into singing), strike up, intone, let
ring out ( a tune, or the like)
(ad) to return the echo;
333 ( arafah) to let ones
eyes wander between, look first at one,
then at the other V to be thrown back, be
reflected (voice, echo); to ring out
(shouts); to shift repeatedly (wind); to
come and go ( at s.o.s house; rarely
), frequent, visit frequently ( s.o.s
to hesitate, be reluctant ( in s.th., to do
s.th.); to waver, become uncertain,
become doubtful in s.th. or as to s.th.)
( alsina) to be frequently
diocussed (question) VIII to withdraw,
retreat, fall back; to move backward,
retrogress; to go back, return, revert (
to); to fall back ( on); to go away,
absent o.s.; to desist, refrain ( from),
renounce, give up, abandon, quit, leave (or
s.th.); to forsake, desert (or ones faith,
ones principles, etc.), apostatize, fall off (
from) ( aqbaihi), pl.
( aqbihim) to withdraw,
turn back X to reclaim, demand back, call
in ( s.th.), demand the return ( of s.th.);
to bring back, lead back ( s.o. to); to
get back ( s.th.); to retrieve, recover,
regain ( s.th.); to withdraw (e.g.,
yadah ones hand; also fig., e.g.,
istiqlatah ones resignation); to
withdraw, take out ( money, from an
account, from a bank)
(anfsahu) to catch ones breath
radd pl. rudd return;
restoration, restitution; refund,
reimbursement; repayment, requital;
repulsion; warding off, parrying; denial,
refusal; rejection; reply, answer; reflection
(e.g., of light); refutation; attribution (
to) al-fil reaction; malicious
rehabilitation; ( raddan) in reply
to ...; see akada
radda ugliness; reverberation, echo;
bran
ridda apostasy ( or from
Islam)
aradd2 more useful, more profitable
( to s.o.)
maradd fact to which s.th. is
attributable, underlying factor or reason;
averting, rejection, repulsion; responsory
(Chr.) ( maradda) irresistible; radasa i u (rads) to crush (. s.th.); to
( maradduh) it is attributable to ...,
one must ascribe it to
(maradda, baratuh) it can only be
attributed to his efficiency;
(maraddi lisnihi) to be constantly on
s.o.s lips, be a standing phrase with s.o.
tardd frequent repetition;
frequentation
tardd repetition, reiteration
taraddud frequent coming and
going, frequentation; frequency (el.);
hesitation, irresolution, indecision,
wavering; reluctance
irtidd retreat, withdrawal;
retrogression; renunciation, desertion;
apostasy ( from Islam) seat ( s.o.) behind one (on an animal); to
ka-rtiddi -arf in the twinkling of
an eye, in a jiffy
istirdd reclamation, claim of
restitution, vindication (Isl. Law);
recovery, retrieval; retraction, withdrawal;
refundment, reimbursement; withdrawal,
taking out (of money, from an account)
mardd yield, return(s)
murtadd turncoat, renegade,
apostate
1
radaa a (rad) to support, prop, shore up
( a wall)
rid pl. ard support; help,
helper
2
radua u ( rada) to be bad V to
become bad, be spoiled
rad pl. ardiy2 bad; mean,
base, vile; evil, wicked; vicious, 334
r. as-suma of ill
repute
arda2 worse; more wicked
rada badness; wickedness;
viciousness, maliciousness
irdabb (now commonly pronounced
ardabb) pl. ardib2 ardeb, a dry
measure (Eg.; = 1981)
irdabba cesspool
rada long period of time
radaan min ad-dahr for a long time
roll smooth, level by rolling ( ground)
radaa a (rad) to keep, prevent ( s.o.
from) VIII to be kept, be prevented (
from)
rdi deterring; (pl. rawdi)
deterrent; impediment, obstacle, handicap;
restriction, limitation, curb, check;
inhibition (psych.)
radga, radaga mud, mire, slush
radafa u (radf) and radifa a to come next,
come immediately after s.o. or s.th. ( ),
follow, succeed ( s.o., s.th.) III to ride
behind s.o. ( on the same animal); to be
the substitute ( of s.o.), replace ( s.o.,
s.th.); to be synonymous ( with) IV to
make ( s.th.) be followed ( by s.th.
else); to complement, complete ( s.th.
with or by) VI to follow one another,
come in succession; to pile up in layers,
 become stratified; to form a single line; to
flock, throng ( to); to be synonymous
ridf pl. ardf rear man
(riding on the same animal); one who or
that which is subsequent, follows, comes
next; posteriors, backside, rump;
haunches, croup (of an animal); dual:
ar-ridfn day and night
ridf croup, rump (of an animal)
radf rear man, one following next
in line; redif, reserve (in the army of the
former Turkish Empire)
radfa fem. of
tarduf succession; synonymity
murdif synonym (of a word);
synonymous, consignificant ( with);
corresponding in meaning, analogous
mutardif synonymous; was a drizzle, it drizzled
synonyms
radama i u (radm) to fill up with earth ( radila a and radula u ( radla) to be
pit, pond) II to repair, fix, mend IV not to
leave ( s.o.), cling ( to s.o.; said of
disease) V to be mended, be repaired; to
repair, mend ( s.th.); to be worn, show
signs of wear
radm filling up (of swamps, ponds,
etc.); rubble, debris; dam
radm worn, shabby, threadbare
(garment)
radana i (radn) to spin; to purr (cat); to
grumble ( at)
rudn pl. ardn sleeve
rudain spear (originally epithet
for one of superior quality)
2
mirdan pl. mardin spindle
( Fr. redingote) redengt frock coat,
Prince Albert
radha hall; large room, sitting room,
parlor; lobby; entrance hall, vestibule
reception hall, drawing room, 1
parlor r. al-muart 2
lecture room
radiya a ( radan) to perish, be
destroyed II to bring to the ground ( s.o.),
bring about the fan of ( )IV to bring to the
ground ( s.o.), bring about the fall of (;)
to destroy, ruin ( s.o.); to fell 335 ( s.o.);
to kill ( s.o.) ( qatlan) to fell
s.o. with a deadly blow V to fall, tumble;
to decline, fall off, come down, go from
bad to worse; to deteriorate, become
worse; to clothe o.s. ( with), put on ( a
garment) VIII to put on ( a garment or
headgear); to wear ( a garment, a
headgear), be clothed, be clad ( in)
( malbisah) to put on ones
clothes, dress, get dressed
radan ruin, destruction
rid pl. ardiya loose outer
garment, cloak, robe; (ladys) dress,
gown; attire, costume al-
mas evening gown
mutaraddin dressed
radda u: ( sam) and IV there
radd drizzle
low, base. vile. despicable. Contemptible;
-- radala u (radl) to reject, cast off,
discard, repudiate, disown ( s.o., s.th.);
to despise, disdain, scorn ( s.o. s.th.);
to disapprove ( of) IV to reject, cast
off, discard, repudiate, disown ( s.o.,
s.th.) X to regard as low or despicable (,
s.o., s.th.)
radl rejection; repudiation; (pl.
rudl, ardl) low, base, mean,
vile, despicable, contemptible
radl pl. rudal low, base,
mean, vile, despicable, contemptible,
depraved
radla lowness, baseness,
meanness, vileness, depravity
radla pl. radil vice;
depravity
mardl depraved, despicable,
mean, base, vile, evil, wicked
ruzz (= )aruzz) rice
razza u (razz) to insert, drive in ( s.th.) II
to burnish, polish ( s.th.) IV to telephone
razza pl. -t staple, U bolt; ring
screw; joint pin
O irzz telephone
 razaa a ( raz) to deprive ( or murtazaq means of subsistence,
s.o. of s.th.); pass. ruzia to incur or
suffer loss; to lose ( s.th.); to be afflicted
( by)
ruz pl. arz heavy loss, rizma pl. rizam bundle; bale, pack;
serious damage; disaster, calamity
raza and razya pl.
razy heavy loss, serious damage;
disaster, calamity
razaba u (razb) to keep, stick, cling (
to)
mirzabba pl. marzib2 iron rod
mirzb pl. marzb2
waterspout, gargoyle; (roof) gutter
razaa a ( ruz, ruz, raz)
to succumb, collapse, sink to the ground
(under a burden); to descend, hover (e.g.,
silence) III to suffer
marzig muddy, boggy, miry
razaqa u to provide with the means of
subsistence ( s.o.; said of God); to bestow
( upon s.o. s.th., material or spiritual
possessions; said of God), endow ( s.o.
with); to bless ( s.o. with, esp.
with a child); -- pass. ruziqa to be
endowed ( with); to live VIII to make a
living, gain ones livelihood; to live ( on
or by s.th.) X to seek ones livelihood; to
ask for the means of subsistence
rizq pl. arzq livelihood,
means of living, subsistence; daily bread,
nourishment, sustenance; boon, blessing
336 (of God); property, possessions,
wealth, fortune; income; pay, wages
dry rations, emergency rations
(mil.)
ar-rziq the Maintainer, the
Provider (one of the 99 attributes of God)
istirzq independent livelihood, self-
support
marzq blessed (by God), fortunate,
prosperous, successful
murtaziq hired, hireling, mercenary,
kept
murtaziqa kept persons, hangers-on;
mercenaries
livelihood, living
razama i u (razm) to bundle, bale, pack,
wrap up ( s.th.)
parcel, package; ream (of paper)
razuna u ( razna) to be grave,
serious, sedate, staid, calm, composed,
self-possessed V to display grave or
sedate manners, show o.s. calm,
composed, self-possessed
razn grave, serious, sedate, staid;
composed, calm, self-possessed
razana gravity, sedateness,
staidness; composure, self-possession,
poise
ruznma see
pl. see
rass covered with verdigris
rasaba u ( rusb) to sink to the
bottom, settle, subside (esp., in water); to
fail, dunk (in an examination) II to cause
to settle ( s.th., in a liquid), deposit ( a
sediment); to precipitate ( s.th.; chem.) V
to settle, subside, be deposited; to
precipitate (chem.)
rusb sediment, deposit; lees,
dregs, settlings; precipitate (chem.);
failure (in an examination)
tarsb sedimentation;
precipitation (chem.)
rsib pl. rawsib2
sediment, deposit; dregs, lees, settlings;
precipitate (chem.); residue
rustmya to tidy, arrange well, put in
order ( s.th.)
rastaqa to tidy, arrange well, put in order
( s.th.)
( It. arrosto) rost roast meat
( Fr. restaurant) restorn restaurant
marsa (= )pl. marsi2
theater, playhouse; stage; party, social
gathering
marsa social, party (used
attributively); formal (dress)
 rasaka u ( rusk) to be firmly ( s.o.) to send ( s.th.), have s.o. ()
established, be deeply rooted ( in s.th.); send ( s.th.); to be relaxed, at ease, free
to be firm, solid, stable; to be conversant, from restraint; to be long and flowing
be thoroughly familiar ( with s.th.), be (hair); to be friendly, affable, intimate,
well versed, be at home ( in s.th., in a chummy ( with s.o.); to act naturally,
field); to seep in; to permeate ( a fabric); without affectation; to let o.s. go; to
to become fast (color or dyes in a fabric) enlarge ( f l-kalm in discourse,
II and IV to make ( s.th.) take root(s), i.e., to talk at length); to abandon o.s., give
establish ( s.th.); to implant ( s.th.); to o.s. up ( to s.th., also or ;)to persist
secure, make fast, fix firmly, ground ( ( in s.th.), keep up ( s.th.)
s.th.) ( dihnih) to rasl easy, gentle, leisurely (pace,
impress or inculcate s.th. upon s.o. gait); loose, slack, relaxed; long and
arsaka more firmly established, flowing (hair)
more deeply rooted ( qadaman) risl moderation ! slowly!
do. gently! take it easy!
rsiq, firmly established, deep- rasl pl. rusal2 messenger;
rooted; grounded, firmly fixed, stable; runner (mil.)
conversant ( with s.th.), thoroughly
versed, completely at home ( in a field) rasl pl. rusul messenger;
emissary; envoy, delegate; apostle (Chr.);
risrs (eg.) glue, adhesive, specif., one or the Messenger of God
for pasting leather, made of a yellow (i.e., Mohammed)
powder 337
rasl apostolic, papal (Chr.)
rusg pl. arsg, arsug wrist ( baraka) apostolic
rasafa u i to go in shackles; to be bound; benediction; ( sudda) the Holy
to be moored (ship) See; apostolic delegate
rasila a (rasal) to be long and flowing risla pl. -t, rasl2
(hair) III to correspond, carry on a consignment, shipment; mail item;
correspondence, exchange letters ( with (written) communication, (written) report;
s.o.); to contact ( s.o.), get in touch ( with missive; letter, note; epistle; dispatch;
s.o.) IV to send out, dispatch ( or message; treatise; radio message; (pl. -t)
s.o., s.th. , also , to); to send off, send mission, calling, vocation
away ( or , .s.o., s.th. , also , to); to (barqya) telegram; ( garmya)
send, forward, ship ( or s.th. , also love letter; ( musajjala)
, to); to send, transmit (radio); to release, registered letter
let go ( s.th.); to set free ( s.th.); to rusailt:
discharge ( s.th.); to pour forth, vent ( (kabara) he didnt take the matter
s.th.), give vent ( to); to utter ( words); seriously
to shed ( tears); to let ( the hair) hang
down, let it fall ( on) O mirsl: m. nr, pl. -t
(alabih) to send for s.o.; searchlight
(al-kalma irslan) to speak without mursala exchange of letters,
restraint, talk freely; correspondence; note, message, letter,
(nafsah) to yield to ones natural communication; orderly (mil.)
impulse, do the natural thing;
( sajyatih) to make s.o. feel at home; irsl sending, forwarding,
( nafsah) to feel at shipping, dispatch
home, let o.s. go V to proceed leisurely, irslya pl. -t consignment; mail
take ones time ( in s.th.); to hang down, item; shipment; transport; (mil.)
be long and flowing (hair) VI to keep up a expedition; mission
correspondence, exchange letters; to send
to one another, exchange ( s.th.) X to ask tarassul art of letter writing
 istirsl ease, naturalness, rusmt) a drawing; sketch; graph;
relaxedness; abandon; elaboration, picture; photograph; illustration; pattern
expatiation (e.g., on a fabric); -- (pl. )trace,
mursil pl. -n correspondent, impression) designation, mark;
inscription, legend; record, notes;
reporter (of a newspaper)
(arb) war correspondent; (official) document, (legal) instrument;
(k) 338 special correspondent; writing; design; prescription, regulation;
( riy) sports reporter ceremony, form, formality; rate, fee, tax,
due bi-rasmi intended for, care of
mursil sender (of a letter); consignor; (c/o), for; akd ar-r. taking of a
O transmitter (radio) picture; ( bayn) illustrative
O mursala pl. -t transmitter (radio) figure, diagram (in a book);
admission fee; ( dukl) import
mursal sent, forwarded; dispatched; duty, tariff; ( ams) photograph;
delegated; transmitted (radio); long and layout, ground plan (arch.);
flowing (hair); (pl. -n) millionary detail drawing; ( qalb)
(Chr.); incompletely transmitted (of a cardiogram; ( qaidya)
Prophetic tradition resting on a chain of registration fees; r. al-intj
authorities that goes no further back excise tax; ( qaim) ad valorem
than the 2nd generation after the duty; ( hazal) caricature, cartoon
Prophet) recipient,
addressee (of a letter); consignee; official, formal, conventional;
( kalm) prose ceremonial; official, officeholder, public
servant; ramyan officially;
mursalya mission rasmyt formalities; ceremonies,
mustarsil loose, flowing (hair); ceremonial, ritual; rules, regulations
friendly, affable; intimate, chummy; officials; official
devoted, given up ( or to s.th.) dress; court dress; uniforms;
ibh r. and semi-official;
rasama u (rasm) to draw, trace ( s.th.); nifu r. do.; gairu r.
to sketch ( s.th.); to describe ( e.g., a unofficial
circle); to paint ( s.th.); to record, put
down in writing ( s.th.); to enter, mark, rassm pl. -t draftsman; painter,
indicate ( s.th.); to sketch, outline ( artist
s.th.; fig.); to describe, depict, portray, risma, rasma ordination,
picture ( s.th.); to make, work out, consecration (of a priest; Chr.)
conceive ( kiatan a plan); to
prescribe ( or to s.o. s.th.), lay down rausam pl. rawsim2 O
as a rule ( or for s.o. s.th.); to ordain clich (Syr.)
( a priest; Chr.) to make marsam studio (of an artist)
the sign of the cross, cross o.s. (Chr.) II to
marsim2 ceremonies,
enter, mark, indicate ( s.th., in); to
ceremonial, ritual; etiquette, protocol
appoint to a public office ( s.o.; tun.) V
(dipl.); customs; principles; regulations
to follow ( s.th., esp. s.o.s footsteps, an
mudr idrat al-m. and
example, etc.); to be appointed to a public
chief of protocol (dipl.);
office (tun.) VIII to come out, find visible
coronation ceremonies;
expression; to be traced, engraved,
court etiquette
inscribed, written; to impress itself, leave
an impression ( on); to be ordained, be tarassum design, planning
introduced into the office of the ministry irtism pl. -t (visible)
(priest; Chr.); to make the sign of the expression, manifestation (e.g., of a
cross (Chr.) feeling, of an emotion on s.o.s face)
rasm drawing (e.g., as a subject in
school); -- (pl. rusm,
 marsm drawn, traced, sketched; raa light drizzle
painted; recorded in writing, written; ra spattered liquid; drizzle,
designed, planned; decreed, ordered; --
dribble (esp. fig.)
(pl. marsm2) decree; act, edict;
regulation, ordinance ( regarding); ra pl. -t water hose;
ceremonies, ceremonial, ritual; etiquette; machine gun ( midfa) machine
regulations ( bi-qnn) gun; ( musaddas) pl.
enactment, statute, ordinance (Eg.); submachine gun, Tommy gun
( tar) and ( itir; raa pl. -t perfume spray,
Pal., Syr.) do.; mudr al-m. atomizer; O watering can; shower, douche
chief of protocol (dipl.) (Mor.)
rasml pl. rasml2 = O miraa watering can
capital (fin.)
raaa a (ra) to sweat, perspire; to leak,
rasana pl. arson, arsn, be leaky (vessel); to filter, strain, percolate
arnsina halter ( a liquid) II to raise, rear, bring up ( a
) )ras u (rasw) to be firm, stable, child); to train, prepare ( s.o.); to
steady; to anchor ( off a coast), cast nominate, put up as a candidate (. s.o.,
anchor, land, dock; to ride at anchor ( for, e.g., for an office), (with nafsah)
off a coast, in a harbor); to disembark, to be a candidate, apply ( for an offioe.
land ( s.o.; ship); to come or go etc.); to filter ( s.th.) V to be reared, be
eventually ( to), land ( with) brought up; to be suited, qualified, trained
( mazd) it was knocked down to ( for s.th.); to be nominated as a
him (at an auction); candidate, be a nominee ( for s.th.); to
(munqaa) the commission or contract catch a cold
went to him (after an invitation to submit ra secretion (of a fluid);
tenders) IV to make fast, fix firmly ( perspiration, sweating; leaking, leakiness;
s.th.); to anchor, place at anchor ( a ship) filtering, filtration, percolation; oozing,
marsan pl. marsin trickling; cold, catarrh 340
anchorage Mersa Matrh rua transudate, transudation
(village in NW Egypt, on Mediterranean (med.)
coast)
tar training, preparation;
mirsh pl. marsin anchor nomination (as a candidate, for election);
rsin pl. rawsin fixed, (= ) candidacy, candidature;
stationary, immovable, firm, steady, election; concession
stable, firmly established; anchored, at tarau infiltration (med.)
anchor; pl. rsiyt, rawsin
towering, unshakable mountains irti infiltration (med.)
)= see above) to anchor murai pl. -t filter; percolator;
filtering installation; purification plant
raa u (ra) to spatter, splash, spurt ( a
liquid); to spray ( a liquid); to sprinkle ( muraa pl. -n candidate,
s.th., with, on); to splatter, nominee; having a cold
spatter, bespatter ( s.th., with water, mutarai pl. -n candidate,
etc.); to water ( s.th.) nominee
ra sprinkling; watering; raada u (rud) to be on the right way,
splattering, spattering; spraying; buckshot follow the right course, be well guided,
malaat ar-r. wa-l- not go astray (esp., in religious matters);
kans street-cleaning department; to have the true faith, be a true believer; to
arabat ar-r. watering cart, sprinkler; become sensible, become mature, grow
to fire in bursts (mil.) up; to come of age II to lead the right way,
guide well ( s.o.) IV to lead the right
way, guide well ( s.o.); to load, guide,
direct ( s.o. to s.th.), show ( s.o.) the
way ( to; fig.); to lead s.o. ( )to the
discovery that () , suggest to s.o. the
idea of, make s.o. realize that; to calls.o.s
( )attention ( to s.th.), point out ( to
s.o. s.th.); to teach ( s.o. to do s.th.),
instruct, (direct, guide ( s.o. in); to
inform ( s.o. about), acquaint s.o. ()
with the facts of ( ;)to advise, counsel (
s.o. to do s.th.); to inform ( against
s.o.); to come of age X to ask ( or s.o.)
to show the right way, ask s.o. for
guidance or directions; to ask ( s.o.) for
instructions or information; to consult (
s.o.), ask s.o.s ( )advice, seek guidance (
from s.o.); to be guided ( by)
rud integrity of (ones) actions,
proper, sensible conduct; reason, good
sense, senses; consciousness; maturity (of
the mind) sinn ar-r. majority,
full legal age; ( rudah) to come
of age; to come to ones rafa (n. un.) pl. -t gulp, sip (of a drink)
senses, calm, down, sober up; to
go out of ones mind; to drive
s.o. mad (pain)
raad integrity of conduct,
straightforwardness, forthrightness
rad integrity of conduct; reason,
good sense, senses; maturity; garden
peppergrass (Lepidium sativum L.; bot.)
rad rightly guided, following the
right way; having the true faith;
reasonable, rational, intelligent,
discriminating, discerning; mature; (pl.
ruad) of full legal age, major;
Rosetta (city in N Egypt)
marid2 where the right way
leads to; salvation
tard a declaring (s.o.) of age
(jur.)
ird guidance; a conducting,
showing the way ( to); guiding hand;
care; spiritual guidance; instruction;
direction; directive; information; advising,
advice; pl. )directives, directions,
instructions, advice on his
instructions, following his direction;
wizrat al-i. al-qaum
Ministry of National Guidance (Eg.)
ir ird didactic poetry
rid following the right way,
rightly guided, having the true faith;
sensible, reasonable; of full legal age,
major ( kulaf) the
orthodox caliphs (i.e., Ab Bakr, Umar,
Utmn, Al)
murid pl. -n leader; guide to the
right way; adviser; spiritual guide;
informer; instructor; (ship) pilot; tourist
guide; Grand Master, Master (e.g., of the
Moslem Brotherhood)
murida woman guide 341
ruru pl. rar2 belt
rar tender (e.g., meat)
raafa i u (raf) and raifa a (raa), V
and VIII to suck, sip ( s.th.); to drink (
s.th.); to drink up, drain ( a vessel)
raaqa u (raq) to throw ( at s.o.
s.th.), pelt, strike, hurt ( s.o. with s.th.); to
insert, fasten. fix ( s.th. in); -- rauqa
u ( raqa) to he shapely, of graceful
stature; to he elegant, graceful, lissome VI
to pelt one another, hurt one another
raq elegant, graceful (exterior,
style); svelte, slender, slim; lissome
raqa elegance, grace,
gracefulness; shapeliness graceful, slender
build; nimbleness, agility
raama u (ram) to mark, designate
( s.th.); to make the sign of the cross; to
seal ( s.th.) to make the
sign of the cross over; to make
the sign of the cross (Chr.)
ram pl. rum,
rumt sign of the cross (Chr.);
anointment (Copt.-Chr.)
rama ornamental halter
decorated with silver pendants, or the like;
camel halter
rin tip, baksheesh
) )ra u (raw) to bribe ( s.o.) VIII to
accept as bribe, he corrupt, he venal
 raw bribery, corruption rad: r. al-jaww
riwa, ruwa, rawa pl. rian, meteorologist
ruan, (eg.) raw bribe; bribery, rad pl. arida stock on
corruption, dishonesty hand (of merchandise, of supplies);
avaible funds; balance (com.; also =
ri rope, well rope
remainder of a sum to be paid later);
irti venality, corruptibility; capital (fin.) uncovered
bribery, corruption check, check without sufficient covering
raa u (ra) to fit tightly together, funds
press together, compress ( s.th.); to ram, marad pl. marid 2
force ( s.th. into the ground); to pile up, observatory ( jaww)
stack up ( s.th.); to join together, line up, meteorological station, weather station
align, arrange .ide by side ( s.th.) II to fit
O marad telescope
tightly together, press together, compress (
s.th.); to ram home ( s.th.); to coat or mird observation post, look-
cover with lead ( s.th.) VI to be pressed out; ambush to lie in wait;
together, be packed together; to press and to lie in
together, crowd together; to be or become ambush for s.o., waylay s.o.
compact rid registering; (pl.
ra lead; bullets qalam r. rud) watcher, watchdog, spy O
pencil cash register; O ( mzn)
self-registering balance
raa (n. un.) pellet; bullet
rida: ( falakya)
ra lead, (made) of lead;
telescope
leady; leaden, lead-colored, dull gray
ra compressed, closely mablag mard security,
packed, jammed together; compact cover (fin.)
II to inlay, set, stud ( s.th., with gems
O tar agglutination
or gold); to adorn, decorate, ornament (
raada u (rad) to keep ones eyes ( s.th. with)
on); to lie in wait ( for); to observe (
s.th.). watch ( s.th. or over s.th.), control raafa u (raf) to pave, lay with stone (
( s.th.); to conjure ( demon) s.th.); -- raufa u ( rafa) to be
to observe the stars, practice firmly joined II to lay with flagstones,
astronomy II to provide, set aside, pave ( s.th.)
earmark ( funds); to prepare, keep ready raf paving (of roads)
( s.th.); to balance ( the account;
raf firmly joined, firm, solid,
com.) IV to keep ready ( s.th.); to
compact; -- (pl. arifa) pavement;
provide, set aside, earmark ( s.th., esp.
sidewalk; quay; wharf, pier; mole, jetty;
funds, for); to procure, get ( s.th.) V
platform; (pl. ruaf) colleague
to observe the stars, practice
r. al-maaa (railway)
astronomy
platform; ( li-
rad, raad pl. ard amli l-afr f l-bar) offshore drilling
observation r. al-aflk platform (for oil drilling);
stargazing, astronomy; awid ar-r. quayage, pierage, wharfage
(jawwya) meteorological observation;
rafa pl. -t woman colleague
weather report
( garr) a phrase of courtesy
radakna observatory used by one newspaper when referring to
another; approx.: our honorable friends
raad pl. ard spy, watcher,
watchdog; lookout, observation post; rafa firmness compactness
ambush; talisman 342
 marf paved ( with)
rauna u ( rana) to be firm,
strong; to be sedate, calm, composed
ran firm, unshakable; sedate,
calm, composed
rana sedateness, composure,
calmness, equanimity
raa u (ra) to crush ( s.th.); to bruise
( a part of the body)
ra pl. ru bruise,
contusion
ra crushed; bruised
rub spittle, saliva
raaka a i (rak) to break, smash, shatter
( s.th.); to crack ( a kernel); -- raaka a
(rak) to give ( s.o.) a small, paltry
present; -- (ruk) to yield, bow, give in,
subordinate o.s., submit ( to s.o., to s.th.)
VIII ( luknatan) to speak Arabic
with a foreign accent
rak, raka a small, paltry
gift
raka a small, paltry gift; tip,
baksheesh
ruk submission, surrender;
yielding, compliance; sympathetic
understanding ( of)
mirk nutcracker
raraa to break into coarse pieces,
pound, crush ( s.th.)
rar pebbles, gravel 343
raia a and raaa i a (ra,
ra) to suck ( tadya ummih at its
mothers breast) II and IV to nurse at the
breast, suckle, breast-feed ( a baby)
ra pl: rua2, content; pleasant, agreeable
rai2 suckling, infant, baby; foster
brother
O raa pl. -t nursing bottle
ri foster relationship
ri pl. rua sucking;
suckling, infant, baby; infant (adj.)
muri and muria pl.
mari2 wet nurse; foster mother
abbreviation of see
see rian
raiya a ( rian, riwn,
marh) to be satisfied, be content (
or with); to consent, agree (
or to); to approve ( or of),
accept, sanction ( or s.th.); to
accept the fact, resign o.s. to the fact (
that); to be pleased ( or with); to
wish, desire ( s.th., for s.o.)
( li-nafsih) to permit o.s. s.th.;
( madalla) he had no desire to
humiliate her; ( au ab) whether
he likes it or not; ( Isl. eulogy)
may God be pleased with him;
( iyb) to be content to return
without booty, be happy to have saved
ones skin n to satisfy, gratify, please (
s.o.); to compensate ( s.o.) III to seek to
satisfy, try to please ( s.o.); to propitiate,
conciliate, win ( s.o.), gain the good will
of ( )IV to satisfy, gratify, please ( s.o.)
V to seek to satisfy, try to please ( s.o.);
to seek to propitiate ( s.o.); to conciliate.
appease ( s.o.) VI to come to terms VIII
to be satisfied, content, pleased ( with);
to consent, agree ( to s.th.); to approve (
of s.th.), sanction ( s.th.) X to seek to
satisfy, try to conciliate, treat in a
conciliatory manner ( s.o.); to conciliate,
appease ( s.o.); to show o.s. obliging,
make o.s. popular, ingratiate o.s., try to
gain good will or favor
rian contentment,
contentedness, satisfaction; agreement,
consent, assent, acceptance, approval;
pleasure, delight; good will, favor
readily, gladly; easy to
please, easily reconciled
ray pl. ariy2 satisfied,
(bi-nafs) gladly
riwn consent, assent,
agreement, acceptance, approval,
sanction; good will, favor; pleasure,
delight
marh a means affording
satisfaction or gratification; satisfaction,
pleasure
 tariya satisfaction, gratification; raama u (ram) to involve, implicate,
compensation drag ( s.o. into s.th. unpleasant) VIII to
ri contentment, contentedness, tumble, fall, plunge ( into); to stick fast,
satisfaction; agreement, consent, assent, be stuck; to be involved, be entangled (
in s.th.); to run aground, strand (ship); to
acceptance, approval, sanction;
bump, hit, crash ( against)
propitiation, conciliation
bi-l-murh by fair means, O maram breakwater, mole, jetty
amicably raana u ( rana, rina) to speak
unintelligible language, talk gibberish,
ir satisfaction, gratification;
jabber
fulfillment (of a claim, of a desire)
ab al-i. hard to please, fastidious rana, rina lingo, gibberish
tarin mutual consent rujain lingo, gibberish
istir conciliatory attitude, ra rabble, mob, riffraff, scum, ragtag;
conciliatoriness; propitiation, conciliation rowdies, hooligans
istir conciliatory raaba a (rub) to be alarmed, terrified;
to be afraid, be scared II and IV to
rin pl. ruh satisfied,
frighten, scare, terrify ( s.o.) VIII to
content; agreeing, consenting; willing,
become frightened, become alarmed, be
ready; pleasant, agreeable (life)
afraid
murin satisfactory; satisfying;
rub fright, alarm, dismay
pleasant, pleasing, gratifying, sufficient
344 irb frightening, intimidation
raiba a and rauba u ( ruba, rib dreadful, horrifying, terrible
raba) to be moist, damp, humid; to be marb frightened, terrified,
wet II to moisten ( s.th.); to cool,
appalled, afraid
refresh; to soothe, soften, calm ( al-
qalba the heart); to become succulent, murib frightening, terrifying,
mellow, ripen (dates) IV to moisten ( terrible, horrible, dreadful
s.th.); to become succulent, mellow, ripen raada a u (rad) to thunder; to appall (
(dates) V to be moistened; to be cooled, s.o. with) IV to make ( s.o.) tremble;
be refreshed; to be soothed, be softened, pass. urida to shudder, shiver, tremble (
be calmed with, e.g., with fear) VIII to tremble
rab moist, damp, humid; wet; rad pl. rud thunder
fresh, cool; juicy, succulent, tender (plant)
rada, rida tremor; shudder;
ruab (coll.; n. un. )pl. shiver
arb, rib fresh, ripe dates
rad (coll.; n. un. )electric ray
rab pl. rib moist, damp, (zool.)
humid; fresh, cool; juicy, succulent, tender
(plant) ridd pl. radd2
cowardly; coward
rba moisture, dampness,
humidity; wetness raraa to come into the prime of life
(youth) II tararaa to grow, develop,
rib moist, damp, humid; wet flourish, thrive
muraibat refreshments, soft rara, rur pl. rari2 in
drinks full bloom
ral pl. arl rotl, a weight (in Eg. = rar ayyb (eg.) a variety
449.28 g; in Syr. = 3.202 kg, in Beirut and of fleabane (Pulicaria arabica Coss.,
Aleppo = 2.566 kg) Pulicarla inuloides D.C.; bot.)
 raaa a (ra) and raia a (raa) to
tremble, shake IV to make ( s.o.) tremble;
to make ( s.o.) shiver VIII = raaa
ria tremor r. al-
umm feverish shiver
irti tremor, trembling
V and VIII to writhe, wind, coil 345
raafa u a and raifa a: ( anfah)
to have a nosebleed
ruf and raf nosebleed
rif tip of the nose
rula wreath
ral pl. ril squadron of
armored, motorized, or cavalry troops
(Syr., Ir.; mil.)
rum gladers
raamss Ramses (name of Eg. kings)
or muhadatan by a treaty or an
agreement, etc.); to take into consideration
( s.th.), allow ( for s.th.) in to
supervise, watch, control ( s.th.), keep an
eye ( on); to maintain, keep up, preserve
( s.th.); to observe, bear in mind, heed,
respect ( s.th.), comply ( with, e.g.,
with regulations); to take into
consideration, take into account ( s.th.),
allow, make allowance ( for s.th.); to
show deference, regard or respect ( for
s.o.); to make provision, see to it ( that)
( kirah) to defer to s.o.,
respect s.o.s feelings or wishes IV
araituh sam I listened to him;
arin samaka listen to me!
( naarah) to follow s.th.
attentively with ones eyes VIII to graze,
pasture (cattle) X to attract ( naarah
s.o.s eyes, intibhah s.o.s
attention); to observe ( s.th.)

raana u ( runa) to be lightheaded, ray care, keeping, custody,

frivolous; -- raana u (ran): guardianship; protection; observance (
raanathu -amsu to have a sunstroke of), adherence ( to, e.g., to agreements)
God be with you!
ran sunstroke; -- (pl. rin)
mountain peak raya pl. ray herd, flock;
parish (Chr.); subjects, citizens; a subject,
aran2 lightheaded, frivolous, a citizen
flippant, rash, heedless, careless; stupid,
silly; thoughtless; unsteady, fickle, raaw, raw and
volatile ra pastoral, bucolic
parish church (Chr.); pastoral
runa pl. -t levity, frivolity, letter (Chr.)
flippancy; thoughtlessness
mar pl. marin grassland,
) )ra u (raw, rawa, ruwa, grazing land; pasture
raw, ruw) and IX iraw
to desist ( or from sin, from error), riya keeping, custody, charge,
repent, see the light care; attention, consideration, regard;
(gayyih) to repent, turn over a new leaf patronage, auspices, sponsorship,
protectorate under the auspices
raw, ruw repentance, of, sponsored by; markaz
amendment, conversion r. al-ifl health center for children (Eg.);
raaw and see ar mumalat
ad-duwal al-aktar riyatan most-favored
ra a (ray, riya, nation clause 346
maran) to graze; to tend ( a flock of
animals); -- (ray, riya) to guard, murh consideration, regard,
protect, take under ones wing ( s.o.); to deference, respect; compliance (with),
care ( for), take care ( of); to watch observance (e.g., of regulations, of duties,
( over); to male a point ( of s.th.), make etc.) ( muratan) in deference
it ones business; to observe, bear in mind, to, out of regard for, for the lab of; in
heed, respect ( s.th.); to adhere ( to), observance of; out of
comply ( with), abide (e.g., ahdan deference to them, out of regard for their
 feelings, wishes, etc.; taking
this into account, bearing this in mind
rin pl. ruh, ruyn,
ru, ri shepherd, herdsman;
guardian, keeper, protector; patron,
sponsor; pastor (Chr.)
mar observed, complied with
ragiba a ( ragba, ragab) to
desire, wish, want, crave, covet ( s.th.);
to ask ( or s.o., for s.th., to do
s.th.), request ( s.th.; or s.o., to
do s.th.); to prefer ( s.th. to, also
s.th. to), like s.th. (, also )better
than (, also ;)to dislike, detest,
loathe ( s.th.), have a distaste ( for);
to wish ( s.o. s.th.)
(yurgabu) undesirable II to make ( s.o.)
desirous ( of), awaken a desire, a wish (
in s.o. for); to interest ( s.o. in s.th.),
excite s.o.s ( )interest in ( ;)to awaken
an aversion ( in s.o. to s.th.) IV = II
ragab: ragaban wa-
rahaban torn between greed and fear
ragba pl. ragabt wish, desire,
longing, appetite ( for)
ragba pl. ragib2 object of
desire, desideratum; wish, desire
targb awakening of a desire or
longing ( for); incitement to
covetousness; invitation, attraction
rgib pl. desiring, desirous
li-kiri rgibin (sale) to the
highest bidder
margb: coveted,
sought after, in demand; desired,
desirable; undesirable;
( ak) persona grata,
persona non grate (dipl.);
undesirable, unwanted, objectionable,
loathsome
muraggibt attractions, lures,
advantages
ragaa a (rugt) to suck ( at the mothers
teats; said of animals)
ragt unweaned young female
animal
raguda u ( ragda) and ragida (rugd)
to be pleasant, comfortable, carefree (life)
ragd easy, carefree, pleasant,
agreeable (life) ( ai) a life of
plenty and opulence
ragd easy, carefree, pleasant,
agreeable (life) ( ai) a life of
plenty and opulence
ragad comfort, opulenoe, affluence
(of living)
ragda comfort, opulence,
affluence (of living)
1
ragraga to live in opulence and luxury
2
ragraga (= gargara) to gargle
urga pl. t, arg (eg.)
windlass, winch; capstan
ragf pl. argifa, rugfn,
ruguf loaf of bread; roll, bun (syr.)
IV to foroe, compel, coerce ( s.o. to
do s.th.)
ragma (prep.) despite, in spite of
although, though; ragman an in
spite of, despite; ( anfih) and
just to spite him, in
defiance of him, against, his will;
bi-r-rami min and and
despite, in spite of; in
347 spite of all this; and
against s.o.s will; against ones own
will, reluctantly, without wanting it;
al ragmin minn without my
wanting it; in spite of the fact
that, although; ... l ill
ragman only reluctantly, only with great
effort
ragm dust and sand
rugm mucus
rugm windpipe, trachea (anat.)
margama pl. margim2
compulsion, coercion, force; aversion,
unwillingness, reluctance, dislike, distaste
irgm compulsion ( to)
rgim reluctant, unwilling
( anfuh) (as a l clause) reluctantly,
grudgingly
look up alphabetically

) )rag u (ragw) to foam, froth II and
IV do. ( azbada) to fume with
rage
ragwa, rugwa pl. ragwin
foam, froth, spume; lather; dross, slag
ragw foamy, frothy
ragg windbag (fig., of a person);
garrulous; chatterbox, prattler
rugw foam, froth, spume
:( tgiya) he has rifd pl. rufd, arfd
absolutely nothing, he is devoid of all
resources, prop.: he has neither a bleating
(sheep) nor a braying (camel)
raffa i (raff, raff) to gleam, shimmer,
glisten, glitter; -- u i (raff) to quiver,
twitch; to flicker; to flap the wings (bird);
to flutter; to wave, stream; to flash, flare
for a moment; to appear suddenly; -- u I to
be anxious to please ( s.o.). serve ( s.o.)
diligently it flashed rafrafa to flap the wings (bird); to flutter
through his mind, it occurred to him all of
a sudden
raff flight, covey (of birds)
raff pl. ruff, riff shelf;
rack; ledge to shelve
s.th., put s.th. aside
rafff radiant, flashing, sparkling,
glistening
rafaa a (raf) to mend, repair, patch (
clothing), sew up, fine-draw ( a rent),
darn ( socks); to drag ( a boat) on shore
raff darner, fine-drawer
rif (marital) harmony, love
( bann) live in harmony and raff (= raffs) steam launch,
beget sons! (felicitation to newlyweds)
marfa pl. marfi2 landing rafaa i u (raf) to leave, abandon (
place wharf, quay; port, harbor
1
rafata i u (raft) to break, smash, crush (
s.th.); to reject, turn down, decline (
s.th.); to dismiss, discharge ( s.o. from
service)
raft dismissal, discharge (from
service)
ruft mortal remains, body (of a
person)
2
raftya transit duty; clearance certificate,
clearance papers (com.)
rafata i u to behave in an obscene manner
rafat obscenity
rafa Rafah (town in S Gaza sector)
rafada i (rafd) to support, aid, help ( s.o.);
to support, uphold, carry ( s.th.) IV to
support, aid, help ( s.o.) X to ask ( s.o.)
for support, appeal ( to s.o.) for help
present, gift; support
rifda dressing, bandage (over a
wound); saddlecloth, pad 348
rfid pl. rawfid2 tributary
stream; ar-rfidn (Euphrates and
Tigris = ) Mesopotamia, Iraq
rfida pl. rawfid2 support,
prop; rafter
(flag, wings, or the like); to blow (wind);
to blindfold ( the eyes)
rafrf pl. rafrif 2 cushion,
pad; eyeshade, visor (of a cap); fender (of
an automobile)
rafrf pl. rafrf2 eye
bandage
rafasa i u (rafs) to kick ( s.o.)
rafsa (n. vic.) kick
raffs steam launch, steamboat;
motor tug; O propeller
raf shovel, spade
steamboat
s.th.); to discard, dismiss ( s.th.); to
reject, turn down, decline, refuse to accept
( s.th.) IV to finish, conclude, terminate
V to he bigoted, fanatic IX to scatter,
disperse, break up; to disappear, cease
(e.g., pain); to drip (sweat)
raf dismissal; rejection, refusal,
nonacceptance
raf abandoned; rejected,
dismissed
taraffu bigotry, fanaticism
 rfia pl. rawfi2 raise, lift;, elevate; to celebrate carnival III
turncoats, renegades, dissenters, defectors; to act as defence counsel ( of s.o.),
troops having deserted their leader; defend ( s.o., in court), plead s.o.s ()
Rafidites, a Shiitio sect cause; to summon, hale ( s.o. to court)
rfi pl. arf apostate, V to be or deem o.s. above s.th. (), be
too proud ( for s.th.), look down (
renegade, turncoat; Rafidite; disloyal,
upon) to raise or bear ones
rebellious; bigoted, fanatical
heed high VI to hale one another before
rafaa a (raf) to lift, lift up, raise aloft, the judge ( ;) to take ones case
heave up, hoist up ( s.th.); to raise ( before the judge ( ;) to plead (in
s.th., e.g., ones head, also fig.: e.g., the court) VIII to rise, lift; to go up, ascend; to
intellectual level, a price); to raise in become higher; to grow, increase, rise; to
esteem ( s.th.); to make high or higher ( ring out (tone, voice, tune); to go away,
s.th.); to elevate ( s.th.); to heighten, pass away, be eliminated, disappear (
exalt, enhance ( s.th.); to raise, promote ( from) ( autuh) to gain
s.o. to the rank of); to fly, let up (, prestige
e.g., a kite); to hoist, run up ( alaman
raf lifting, hoisting (also, of a
or ryatan a flag); to take off, doff, tip
flag); elevation; raise, raising, stepping up
( qubbaatah ones hat); to place,
(of prices, of temperatures, etc.); setting
fasten or attach ( s.th.) high above; to
up; erection; abolition; lift, (e.g., of a
erect, set up ( s.th.); to raise (
ban); remedy, elimination, removal;
autah ones voice); to remove, take
remission (of a tax); submission, filing
away ( or s.th. from); to abolish,
(e.g., of a report); pronunciation of the
eliminate (s.th.); to lift ( s.th., e.g., a
final consonant with u (gram.)
ban), put an end ( to s.th.); to remedy (
weight lifting (athlet.)
a mistake); to free, relieve ( s.o. of
s.th.); to put s.th. ( )before s.o. (), rifa height, elevation (e.g., of a
submit ( s.th., e.g., a petition, to), file ( structure); high rank or standing
a report, and the like, with a proper ( formerly:) title of the Egyptian
authority); to present, dedicate ( s.th. Prime Minister, rifat ras
to s.o.); to offer up ( sacrifices; Chr.); to al-wuzar His Excellency the Prime
make, deliver ( a report); to start, Minister
initiate ( qayata legal action); to
rif Shrovetide (Chr.)
ascribe ( a Prophetic tradition to an
authority or source); (gram.) to pronounce raf high, high-ranking; lofty,
the final consonant with u; to put ( a exalted, sublime; loud (voice, sound);
word) in the nominative or indicative, thin, fine, delicate; exquisite, refined,
respectively; pass. rufia it appeared, subtle; artistic r. a-an
came in sight, became visible ( before approx.: exalted; formerly, in Tunisia, title
s.o.); rufia anhu he regained of the members of the Beys family;
consciousness to put s.th. ( maqm) title conferred upon
before or above s.th. else; bearers of the order al-qilda,
(rafaa) to pay attention to s.th.; established by Fud I in 1936;
(min anih) to enhance the importance of ))= the fine arts;
s.th.; to speak of s.th. in glowing terms; high end low (= all)
( maknatih) to upgrade s.th.; arfa higher; loftier, more exalted;
( yadaih) to desist, refrain from liner; more relined, subtler
s.th.; ( daw) to sue s.o.,
lodge a complaint against s.o. ( in a rafa pl. rafi2 legal case
court); ( qayatan) or brought before the competent authorities;
to bring legal action against s.o., go a document submitted to a proper
with s.o. to court; to appeal, authority
349 make an appeal ( to a court) II to
 marfa Shrovetide (Chr.); carnival, with s.o.) III to be a companion, a
pl. marfi2 do. comrade ( of s.o.); to keep ( s.o.)
mirfaa pl. marfi2 hoisting company; to be on intimate terms, be hand
gear, crane in glove, be friends, associate closely (
with s.o.); to accompany ( s.o.; also
tarf pl. -t promotion (of an mus.); to escort ( s.o., s.th.) IV to be of
official); salary raise ( to the amount of) use, be useful ( to s.o.), avail, serve, help
murfaa pl. -t speech for the ( s.o.); to accompany ( s.th. with);: to
defense (in court); proceedings at law attach, enclose, add, append ( to s.th.
yaum al-m. date fixed for the trial s.th.) V to show o.s. kind, display a gentle,
(of a case in court); ( Eg.) and friendly attitude ( toward s.o., also ),
majallat al-m. (Tun.) code of be nice ( to s.o., also ;)to do gently (
procedure s.th.), proceed gently ( in)
(sairih) to walk slowly, stroll, saunter VI
taraffu arrogance, haughtiness, to travel together VIII to profit, benefit,
snobbery ( toward s.th.), disdain, gain ( from or by), make use, avail o.s.,
contempt ( of s.th.) take advantage ( of), utilize ( s .h.); to
irtif rise (e.g., of prices); lean ones elbows, rest ones arms ( on
elevation; increase; height, altitude (e.g., s.th.)
of a mountain, an saI l- rifq friendliness, kindness,
bar above sea level, etc.) ... gentleness jamyat
at an altitude of ... ar-r. bi-l-ayawn Society for the
rfi bearer hoisting gear, Prevention of Cruelty to Animals
lifting apparatus, hoist; windlass, winch; rifqa, rufqa pl. rifq, rifaq,
crane; pump; ( miakka) suction rufaq, arfq group, troop, body (of
pump people); company accompanied by,
rfia pl. rawfi hoisting in the company of
gear, lifting apparatus, hoist; crane; rafq pl. rufaq2, rifq
hoisting installation (mining) O companion, attendant; escort; buddy,
( hawya) ejector; O r. friend; comrade (in Marxist terminology);
algm mine sweeper associate, partner; accomplice; kind (
marf traceable in ascending to), mild, gentle, tender r. al-
order of traditionaries to Mohammed madrasa classmate, schoolmate
(Prophetic tradition); (gram.) in the rafqa pl. -t woman companion;
nominative or indicative, respectively girl friend; sweetheart; mistress, par
muraffa: ( anuh) = amour
( see raf) 350 mirfaq, marfiq elbow; -- mirfaq
murfi plaintiff pl. marfiq2 anything conducive to
personal ease and comfort, convenience;
mutaraffi haughty, arrogant, appurtenance (of an apartment, of a house;
snobbish such as kitchen, bathroom, stable, etc.);
murtafi rising, ascending; high, attainment of civilization, civilizational
elevated; resounding, ringing institution; pl. attainments of
( sikkat al-add) elevated railway civilization; conveniences; public utilities;
installations; facilities
murtafa height, altitude; elevated
(qiym) concern for their welfare;
place; O terrace; pl. -t heights,
m. al-ayh conveniences, anything
elevations, hills
conducive to personal ease and comfort;
rafaqa u (rifq) and rafiqa a (rafaq) to be ( mma) the public utilities;
kind, friendly, nice ( to s.o., also and refining facilities (oil industry)
), treat gently ( s.o.,), be courteous (
 murfaqa accompaniment; escort;
company, association
irtifq utilization, use; usefulness,
serviceableness; easement (jur.)
murfiq pl. -n companion,
attendant; escort; accompanist; adjutant,
aide (Ir.)
murfaq bihi attached, enclosed;
pl. enclosures (in a letter, or the
like)
murtafaq that on which one leans
or rests; support; toilet, latrine
rafala u (rafl) to trail a garment; to strut,
swagger
rifl train (of a garment)
rafuha u ( rafh, rafha,
rafhya) to be comfortable, pleasant,
luxurious (life) II to make ( life) pleasant
and comfortable; to afford ( s.o.) a
pleasant, luxurious life; to be a source 351
of ease and comfort, make things easy (
for s.o.), let (, s.o.) live in
comfort; to relax ( s.o.), provide
recreation ( for); to ease soften,
mitigate ( for s.o. s.th.); to cheer up (
s.o.), raise the spirits of ( ;)to soothe
( the soul) to relax, find
recreation ( from work); to
find recreation
rifh and rafh well-being,
welfare; personal ease and comfort; good
living, luxury, comforts of life
rafha, rafhya trade;
comfortable, luxurious life; luxury;
comfort, comfortableness, coziness;
complete relaxation and ease
tarfh creation of ease and luxury;
habituation to luxury; providing of
comfort and relaxation; recreation;
(mental) relaxation t. al-ai
good living, comfortable life;
qism at-t. recreation department
) )raf u (rafw) to darn, mend ( s.th.)
raqqa i ( riqqa) to be or become thin,
delicate, fine; to be tender, soft; to be
pure, clear, limpid (water); to soften,
relent ( toward s.o.), have pity, feel
compassion, have sympathy ( for)
( qalbuh) he took pity on him II to
make thin. thin out ( s.th.); to refine,
make fine, soft or tender, render delicate (
s.th.); to polish, smooth, make elegant (
ones speech); to flatten, roll out ( esp.
metal) IV to make thin, line or tender,
render delicate, refine ( s.th.); to soften (
the heart) V to soften, relent ( toward
s.o.). have pity, have sympathy ( for),
sympathize ( with) X to be thin, fine,
delicate; to soften ( s.th.); to enslave,
make a slave ( s.o.)
raqq pl. ruqq turtle
riqq quality or condition of being a
slave, slavery, bondage
raqq, riqq parchment; riqq (eg.)
tambourine
riqqa thinness; slenderness,
slimness; fineness, delicateness, delicacy;
gentleness, mildness; amiability,
graciousness, friendliness r.
al-iya friendliness, courteousness,
amiability; sensitivity, delicacy
of feeling, tact; r. a-ab
kindness, gentleness, mild temper,
friendliness; gentleness, mild
temper
ruqq flat loaf of bread; O waffles
raqq pl. ariqq2, riqq
slave, slaves (sing. and coll.); flat loaf of
bread (mid); thin; slender, slim; line,
delicate; soft. tender, gentle; sensitive,
tactful, discreet, prudent slave
poor, needy;
))r. al-iya (al-aw) friendly,
courteous, civil, amiable;
sensitive; r. a-ab kind, gentle,
mild-tempered, friendly;
gentlehearted
raqqa lamina, flake
araqq2 thinner; slimmer; more
delicate
mirqq rolling pin
marqq thin, flaky pastry
raqaa a to cease to flow (tears)
raqaba u ( ruqb, raqba) to
observe, watch, regard attentively (
s.th.); to supervise, control ( s.th.); to
wait ( for), await ( s.th.); -- ( marqab and marqaba lofty
ruqb) to watch ( over s.th.), guard ( observation post, lookout; watchtower; O
s.th.); to take into consideration, heed, observatory
observe, respect ( s.th.); to fear ( God); mirqab telescope
to be on ones guard, watch out, be careful
( illan wa-l murqaba observation;
dimmatan) to treat s.o. ruthlessly ill to supervision; surveillance; inspection;
watch, observe, regard attentively ( s.o., control; censorship (of the Press); mail
s.th.), keep an eye ( on); to make censorship; superintendency,
out, detect ( s.th.); to control 352 ( controllership; zone of inspection
s.th., e.g., the traffic, the press, s.o.s taraqqub expectation, anticipation
doings, etc.), supervise ( some work),
have an eye ( on, e.g., on s.o.s irtiqb expectation, anticipation
dealings); to fear ( God) ( lit.: murqib pl. -n observer;
to fear God with regard to s.o.) to treat s.o. overseer, supervisor, inspector; controller,
well for fear of God V to expect, control officer; censor; sergeant major,
anticipate, await ( s.th.), look forward to quartermaster sergeant (Eg. 1939)
(), wait, look, look out ( for); to m. talm a military rank (approx.:
regard ( s.th.), look ( at s.th.); to lie in master sergeant; Eg. 1939); m.
wait ( for) VIII to expect, anticipate ( tayn a military rank (approx.:
s.th.) quartermaster sergeant; Eg. 1939);
riqba observation; control; ( madan) title of a high local official
attention; caution, wariness; vigilance, (Mor., Tun.); linesman
watchfulness (soccer)
raqaba pl. -t, riqb neck; -- raqada u (raqd, ruqd, ruqd) to
(pl. )slave; (sl. Law) person O sleep, be asleep; to go to bed; to lie down
r. jisr bridgehead; ulb ar-r. to rest; to lie; to rest; to abate, subside, let
stubborn, obstinate, obstreperous; up, calm down (e.g., a storm); to be down,
do.; responsibility for it be flagging; to be dull, listless (market)
rests on their shoulders; ( bai) to sit on the eggs (hen)
akada bauhum bi-r. bain to II to put ( s.o.) to sleep; to make ( s.o.)
follow in close succession lie down; to put ( s.o.) to bed; to lay
down, stretch out ( s.o.) IV to put to sleep
ruqb anticipation, expectation ( s.o.); to put to bed ( a child)
raqb pl. ruqab2 vigilant, raqda sleep; manner of lying, lying
watchful; guardian, keeper, warden; position
watcher, observer, lookout; spy; overseer,
supervisor, inspector; controller, control ruqd sleep; recumbency,
officer; postal censor; sergeant (Syr., mil.) recumbent position
( awwal) approx.: staff sergeant ruqd sleep; recumbency,
(Syr., mil.) recumbent position; sleeping, sleep (pl. of
ruqb donation with the proviso the active participle)
that it shall either revert to the donor after rqd pl. rawqd2 large jug
the donees death or become the property
of the donee upon death of the donor (Isl. marqad pl. marqid2 bed;
Law) couch; resting place; mausoleum

raqba supervision, control; tarqd (eg.) layerage (hort.)

censorship (of the press) t. al-bai hatching of the eggs 353

raqba and rqba (eg.) nest tarqd (tarqd) layer (hort.)

egg rqid pl. ruqqad, ruqd
sleeping, asleep; lying, reclining,
 recumbent; resting; quiet, dull, listless
(market)
muraqqid somniferous, lulling; pl.
soporifics
raqraqa to mix. dilute ( wine with
water) II taraqraqa to overflow (
with tears; eyes), be bathed ( in
tears); to glitter, glisten, sparkle: to stir
gently, breathe (wind)
raqrq bathed (in tears), moist,
misty (eyes); glittering, glistening; radiant,
brilliant, resplendent
raqriq not deep, shallow (water)
raqaa u to variegate, make multicolored
( s.th.) II do.; to adorn, embellish,
decorate ( s.th.)
2
arqa variegated, multicolored,
colorful
O mirq pl. marq2 tarq patching
brush (of the painter)
raqa u (raq) to dance; to prance (horse;
to a tune) ( faraan) to
dance with joy II to make ( s.o.) dance;
to set ( s.th.) in a swinging motion; to
make ( the heart) tremble
(prop.: to make the throats tremble) to
provoke loud laughter III to dance ( with
a girl) IV = II; VI to move; to dance; to
prance; to tremble (heart)
raq dancing, dance ( s.th.) 354
muallim ar-r. dancing instructor
raqa (n. vic.) pl. raqat dance
raqq (professional) dancer;
pendulum (phys.; also of a timepiece)
female dancer; dancing girl,
danseuse; ballerina
marqa, pl. marqi2
dance hall, ballroom; dance, ball
rqi dancer; dance, dancing
(used attributively) ( afla)
dance, ball; dance music;
( laila) dancing party
rqia pl. -t female dancer; O
kneecap, patella
murqia (female) dancing
partner
II to speckle, spot ( s.th.)
arqa2 speckled, spotted; leopard
raqaa a (raq) to patch ( a garment); --
raqua u ( raqa) to be stupid II =
raqaa
ruqa pl. ruqa, riq
patch; piece of cloth; piece of land, terrain
or ground; area; lot, plot of land; ground
(of a flag); chessboard; slip of paper, piece
of paper; note, brief message; ticket;
coupon; bond, security; a cursive style of
calligraphy
raq stupid, silly, foolish;
impudent, impartment, shameless; (pl.
arqia) firmament
raqa stupidity, foolishness folly
marqaa and marqaya
tatters, rags
t. al-
qarnya transplantation of the cornea
(mid.)
muraqqat fragments
raqama u (raqm) to write ( s.th.);
to point, provide with points ( a text); to
brand ( a hone); to imprint ( a trace, a
mark); to mark ( s.th.); to stripe ( a
fabric); to number ( s.th.) II to point,
provide with points ( a text); to stripe,
streak ( s.th.); to rule ( s.th.); to number
raqm pl. arqm numeral;
number, No. ( hindya) the
numerals of the Arabs; r. al-
qiys or ( qiys) record (athlet.),
( sajjala) to set a record
(athlet.)
raqm inscription tablet; letter,
message
mirqam pl. marqim2 drawing
pencil, crayon; (painters) brush
tarqm pointing; numbering,
numeration
marqm pl. marqm2 striped
blanket
II taraqwaa (syr.) to toss, fling o.s.
about
 raqiya a (raqy, ruqy) to ascend ( or
s.th. or to s.th.); to climb, mount, scale (
s.th.); to rise (in rank), advance, he
promoted; to date back, go hack ( to a
bygone era); to lead s.o. up; to
further, promote, encourage s.th.; - raqa i
( ruqya) to use magic or incantations (
on s.o., against s.th.) II to cause to
ascend; to promote ( s.o.); to raise,
further, promote, advance ( s.th.) V to
ascend, rise, advance, progress VIII to
ascend, rise; to ascend ( s.th.; also. e.g.,
al-ara the throne), climb ( s.th.,
on s.th., also al-araba into the
carriage); to advance, he promoted (
il manib to an office); to rise,
increase ( to the number of); to
advance, rise, show an upward trend,
develop upward; to date hack. go hack (
to a given time)
ruqy rise, progress, upward
development; promotion,
encouragement, furtherance of s.th.
ruqya pl. ruqan spell, charm,
magic; incantation
raqq magician, sorcerer
arq higher, superior; more
advanced, more progressed
marqh pl. marqin stairs,
staircase; O elevator, lift
tarqiya raising; -- (pl. -t)
promotion (in rank); elevation; promotion,
furtherance, encouragement,
advancement; extension, development,
improvement
taraqqin pl. taraqqiyt ascension;
ascent; advance, advancement; progress,
rise, progressive development
irtiq climbing, mounting;
ascension; ascent; progress, rise,
progressive development irt.
al-ar accession to the throne
rqin ascending, rising; high, high-
ranking; superior, high-grade, high-class,
of high standard; educated. refined;
advanced ( abaqa) the upper ( markaba l-kaal) to make a
class
rqin pl. ruqh magician,
sorcerer
murtaqin high, superior, advanced
(esp. intellectually)
murtaqan ascent, rise
1
rakka i (rakk, rikka, rakka) to
be weak, feeble; to be poor, meager,
scanty; -- u (rakk): ( f
unuqih) to saddle s.o. with the
responsibility for s.th., thrust s.th. upon
s.o.
rikka weakness feebleness
rakk pl. rikk, rakaka
weak, feeble; thin; colorless, pallid (e.g.,
style); scanty, meager, poor, pitiful
rukk weak, feeble
rakka weakness, feebleness;
lowliness; inadequacy, poorness;
colorlessness, pallor (e.g., of style) 355
2
rukka distaff ibb ar-r. (eg.)
popular treatment of illnesses by means of
charms and incantations, practiced by
women
rakiba a ( rukb) to ride ( an
animal); to mount ( an animal); to go,
travel ( in a carriage, in an automobile,
on a train, on board a ship, etc.), ride ( in
a vehicle, on a bicycle); to get, climb (
into a carriage, on a bicycle, etc.), board (
a train, an airplane, a ship, etc.); to
pursue ( s.o.), be after s.o. ( with s.th.);
to engage ( in), embark ( on); to
commit, perpetrate ( a sin, a crime); to
master ( s.th.) ( bar) to
travel by sea; ( ayh) to master
life; ( kaar) to embark on a
risky undertaking;
(kuylah l-arbya) to get on ones high
horse; ( danaba r-r) to
speed along like the wind;
(rasah) to act at ones disoretion; to act
rashly, follow a whim;
(sayyra) to go by car, travel in an
automobile; ( aa) to commit
excesses, go too far; ( ayyra)
to fly, go by plane; ( matna
l-unf) to commit acts of violence;
foolish mistake, commit a folly; to embark
on a reckless course, do irresponsible
things; ( mayata l-ikfq)
to back the wrong horse, be on the losing
side, fail; ( ahwl) to defy the rukbn retinue, escort
horrors; ( haw) to fly, travel by ( dikruh) approx.: his fame has
air; ( hawhu) to follow ones spread far and wide 356
whim II to make ( s.o.) ride; to put, place, markab pl. mark2 ship,
fasten, mount ( s.th. on); to fit, boat, vessel ( bukr)
mount, insert, set ( s.th. in. e.g., a steamship, steamer; ( arb)
precious stone in a ring); to build in ( a
warship, man-of-war; ( daur)
machine part); to assemble ( e.g., the patrol boat; ( ir) sailing
parts of an apparatus); to set up ( a
vessel, sailboat; m. a-aid
machine); to install ( s.th.; techn.), lay ( fishing smack, trawler; m. an-
an electric line, and the like); to assemble, naql freighter, transport
put together, fit together ( s.th.); to
make, prepare ( s.th. out of several markaba pl. -t vehicle; carriage,
components or ingredients); to construct, cab
build ( e.g., a technical apparatus) IV to markib pl. markibya
make ( s.o.) ride or mount boatman; ferryman
( rasah wa-hawhu) to let s.o. have
his head, let s.o. do as he pleases V to be tarkb pl. -t, tarkb2
composed, be made up, consist ( of) VI fitting in, insertion, setting; building in;
to be superimposed one upon another VIII fastening, mounting; assembling,
to commit, perpetrate ( a sin, a crime); to assembly; final assembly; installation
pursue, practice ( s.th. (e.g., of a telephone extension);
(aaan) to overdo s.th., go too far composition; making, preparation (out of
several components or ingredients);
rakb riders, horsemen, cavalcade; construction, building (techn.); structure;
caravan; traveling party; retinue, escort; constitution, build, physique; -- (pl.
procession, troop (of people) tarkb2) phrase, idiom; construction
rukba pl. rukab, -t knee (gram.)
ab r-rukab dengue, breakbone tarkb constructive,
fever (med.) constructional
rikb pl. rukub stirrup; (pl. irtikb perpetration (of a sin or
-t, rukub, rakib2) riding crime)
Camel, riding animal, mount rkib riding, on horseback,
alla rikbuh bi-arin he has mounted; riding, traveling (in a vehicle);
arrived on our soil; he is his (pl. rukkb, rukbn) rider,
loyal follower, he doge his footsteps; horseman; (pl. rukkb) passenger,
do.; to cling to s.o.s heels, be occupant (of a conveyance) r.
blindly subservient to s.o. darrja cyclist
rakb mount, riding animal markb pl. markb2
2
rakba pl. rakib mount, riding animal, mount; (eg., syr.) red-
female riding camel leather shoes ab m. (eg.)
shoebill (Balaeniceps rex; zool.)
rukb (horseback, camelback,
etc.) riding; traveling (in a vehicle, by sea, murakkabt components,
by air, etc.); mounting (of a bicycle, of a constituents, elements, ingredients (esp.
horse, etc.), boarding (of a train, of a ship, chem.)
etc.) r. al-bar navigation; murakkab mounted, fastened,
r. al-haw flying, aviation fixed ( on); fitted, inserted, set ( in);
rakkb one who rides frequently, built-in; assembled; made up, composed,
(professional) horseman or rider, jockey consisting ( of); compound. composite;
complex; bound, not free; -- (pl. -t)
composition; a compound (chem.); a
 composite; a complex (psychol.);
medication, medicament ( rib) (ayawya) vital centers;
compound interest; ( kmiy) idra main office, central office,
chemical compound; m. naq
inferiority complex
murtakib perpetrator (of a crime)
rakada u ( rukd) to be motionless,
still, stagnant
rukd suspension, standstill,
stagnation; sluggishness; stillness,
tranquility
rkid stagnant; sluggish
rakaza u i (rakz) to plant or ram in the
ground, set up ( s.th., e.g., a pole); to fix,
embed firmly ( s.th.) II to plant or ram in
the ground, set up, ( s.th., e.g., a pole); to
position, emplace ( s.th.); to fix, embed
firmly ( s.th.); to cause to take root,
naturalize ( s.th.); to concentrate ( s.th.,
also ones thoughts, on) V to
concentrate; tarakkaz ready! (starters
command; athlet.) VIII to be implanted; to
settle permanently, stay ( at a place); to
lean, support ones weight ( or on);
to he fastened, be mounted ( on); to be
based, rest ( on); to concentrate (
on); to gravitate ( to)
rikz sound, tone
rakza pause, rest, break
rikz pl. arkiza, rikzn
precious minerals, buried treasures of the
earth
rakza pl. rakiz2 treasure;
support, brace, shore, stanchion; pillar,
pier; post, pile; shoring
markaz pl. markiz2
foothold; stand, station; place where s.o. is
posted or stationed; post; (police, etc.) 357
station; office, branch office (com.);
locality where s.th. takes place, scene,
site, seat; position (mil.); headquarters;
main office, central office; central
exchange (telephone); center (of a circle
and fig.); focus; markaz, an administrative
district (subdivision of a mudrya, Eg.);
position, situation, office, post; (social,
financial, official, etc.) status, standing;
power, position (of a country); situation
( ass) starting point, basis;
police station;
m. al-
headquarters; m. ad-d the seat
of the disease O m. al-ida
broadcasting station; main
office, headquarters; m. ar-
riysa central command post;
m. riysat al-jai Supreme
Command of the Army (Eg.);
m. riyat a-ifl health center for
children (Eg.); m. as-
sikka al-addya railroad junction;
m. a-ura police station;
(niyb) parliamentary seat, mandate; O
power station
markaz central; district (used
attributively); O centrifugal;
decentralized (administration)
markazya centralism; centrality,
central position or situation;
decentralization
tarkz setting up; installation;
implantation, establishment,
naturalization; concentration
jahz at-t. stabilizer (tech.)
tarkuz concentricity
irtikz support
murakkaz concentrated,
centralized; O condensed
mutarkiz concentric
VIII to suffer a setback, be thrown back;
to decline, degenerate, be degenerate; to
become stunted, atrophy
rakaa u (rak) to race, rush, run; to run
away; to gallop (intrans., said of a horse,
and trans. a horse) III to race ( s.o.), run
a race ( with) VI to compete in a race; to
run fast
rakk runner, racer
rak fast-running, swift
rakaa a ( ruk) to bend the body,
bow (esp. in prayer); to kneel down, drop
to ones knees II and IV to make ( s.o.)
kneel down
raka pl. rakat a bending of the
torso from an upright position, followed
 by two prostrations (in Muslim prayer
ritual)
rki pl. rukka bowing to the
ground
rakala u (rakl) to kick ( s.o., s.th.)
rakla (n. vic.) kick
fJ rakama u (rakm) to pile up, heap up,
accumulate, amass ( s.th.) VI to
accumulate, be heaped up; to pile up,
gather (clouds) VIII = VI
rakam pile, heap
rukm pile, heap; lump; cumulus
clouds
O markam pl. markim2
storage battery
tarkum accumulation
rakana u ( rukn) and rakina a to
lean, support ones weight ( on); to
quiet down, become or be calm, to trust (
in), rely ( on); to be dependent, have
to rely ( on) to remain
calm IV to trust ( s.o.), rely ( on),
place ones confidence ( in); to resort (
to) ( yurkanu) 358 reliable,
dependable. trustworthy VIII to lean,
recline, support one's weight ( or
on)
rukn pl. arkn support, prop;
corner; nook; basis, basic element, first
principle; pl. staff (mil.); basic
elements, chief elements a.
al-arb general staff (mil.); a.
al-jai do.; chief of
general staff; of strong build,
sturdy
rukn: ( arba) corner mutaf r-r. eye clinic
kick (soccer)
rakn firm, steady, confident,
imperturbable; grave, calm, sedate
rukn reliance, confidence, trust
mirkan pl. markin2 washtub
murkana (tun.) betrothal,
engagement
arkn reliance, confidence, trust
rakwa pl. rakawt (syr.) small coffee pot
of copper. having a long handle
ramma u i (ramm, maramma) to repair,
overhaul ( s.th.); -- i (ramm, rimma)
to decay; to rot II to decay; to rot V to be
repaired, undergo repair
ramm repair
ramm: r. al-asnn caries
(med.)
rimma cadaver
bi-rummatih whole, complete,
entire all Syria
ramm decayed, rotten;
ramim2 decaying bones
rumm decayed, rotten
maramma pl. -t repair; shipyard
(Tun.)
tarmm pl. -t repair, overhauling,
restoration
ramal pl. arm~ log raft
ramaa a (ram) to pierce, transfix (with
a lance; s.o.); to gallop (horse)
rum pl. rim, arm
lance, pike; spear, javelin; pole
ramy ar-r. javelin throwing (athlet.)
ramm pl. lancer; uhlan
as-simk ar-rmi Arcturus
(astron.)
ramida a (ramad) to have sore eyes; to be
inflamed (eye) II to burn to ashes,
incinerate ( s.th.) V to burn to ashes,
become ashes
ramad ophthalmia, inflammation of
the eyes; eye disease ( ubaib)
trachoma, granular conjunctivitis;
ramad and
ophthalmologist, oculist
ramid sore-eyed
armad2 sore-eyed
ramd pl. armida ashes
arbi ar-r. or yaum
ar-r. or d ar-r. Ash Wednesday
(Chr.); ( lit.: to blow into cold
ashes, i.e.) to engage in futile
undertakings, set out on a wild-goose
chase
 ramd ashen, ash-colored, ash-
gray
tarmd cremation, incineration
ramaza u i (ramz) to make a sign, to wink,
nod, motion; to point ( to), indicate (
s.th.); to symbolize, represent or express
symbolically ( s.th.); to designate (
or s.th. with a distinguishing mark)
ramz pl. rmz sign, nod, wink,
motion; hint; allusion, intimation;
allegory; riddle; symbol. symbolic figure,
emblem, character; secret sign, code sign
359
ramz symbolic(al}; in code, in
cipher
ramzyt cipher, code
rmz pl. rawmz2 widow V = IV
specimen, sample; O facsimile
ramasa i u (rams) to bury ( s.o.); to
cover, efface, wipe out ( tracks) VIII
to be immersed in water
rams pl. rums, arms
grave, tomb
rms grave, tomb
ramaa i u to take with the fingertips (
s.th.); to wink, blink
rama inflammation of the
eyelids, conjunctivitis
rama blink, wink
rim pl. rum eyelashes
rama white secretion (of the eye)
VIII to be consumed by grief and sorrow
rama parchedness, scorchedness
(esp. of the ground due to excessive heat)
ram2 sun-baked ground
approx.: to jump out 1
of the frying pan into the fire
raman2 Ramadan, the ninth
month of the Muslim calendar
ramaqa u (ramq) to regard ( s.o.,
s.th.), glance, look ( at) II to stare,
gaze ( at); to perform ( work)
perfunctorily and negligently, botch ( a
job); to keep ( s.o.) barely alive V to wait
( for an opportunity, and the like)
ramaq pl. armq (last) spark
of life, breath of life sadda
ramaqah to keep s.o. or o.s. barely alive,
eke out a living, manage to keep body and
soul together; to provide s.o. with a bare
existence; to allay s.o.s hunger;
al kiri ramaqin at the point of
death; on the verge of exhaustion, on
ones last legs
marmq regarded, looked at;
noted, of note; remarkable, notable,
significant, important; lofty, proud
armak2, f. ramk 2 ashen, ash-gray
ramak pl. -t, rimk,
armk mare
II to sprinkle with sand ( s.th., so as to
blot it) IV to become a widower or a
raml pl. riml sand
ilm ar-r. or arb ar-r.
geomancy (divination by means of figures
or lines in the sand)
raml sandy, sabulous; sand- (in
compounds) sandglass,
hourglass
ramal name of a poetical meter
ramml geomancer
armal2 pl. armil2 widower
armala pl. armil2,
armila widow
marmala sandbox
tarammul widow(er)hood
1
rummn (coll.; n. un. )pomegranate;
knob, pommel; (pl. -t),
(yadawya) hand grenade
2
and look up alphabetically
ram i (ramy, rimya) to throw, cast
( s.th.); to fling, hurl ( s.th.); to
toss away, throw down ( s.th.); to
throw aside, toss aside, discard, lay aside (
s.th.); to shoot, fire; to pelt, hit,
bombard ( s.o. with) shoot, fire ( at
s.o. with); to charge ( s.o. with), accuse
( s.o. of), blame) 360 reproach ( s.o.
for); to aim, drive, be aimed ( at), have
in view, purpose, intend ( s.th.), be out
for ( ;)with to sow dissension among
 or between ( alaq) he fired ranna i ( rann) to cry, wail, lament; to
a shot at him; ( gaib) to practice resound; to echo; to ring
divination VI to pelt one another; to throw ranna pl. -t scream; sound;
o.s. to the ground, prostrate o.s., fall to the reverberation, echo
ground; to throw o.s., fling o.s. ( on);
to plunge, rush, throw o.s. ( into s.th.); rann lament, wailing; sound;
to be vast, extend far into the distance; to reverberation, echo; resonance; ring
come, get (information, report, news; rannn and mirnn ringing,
to s.o.) ( qadamaihi) to resounding; resonant; reverberating,
throw o.s. at s.o.s foot; echoing
(diraih) to throw o.s. into s.o.s arms;
( ahduh) a fooling that O rannna tuning fork (mus.)
he had known long, long ago, a fooling and look up alphabetically
which lay far behind him; we
have received word that ... VIII to throw II to make dizzy, make stagger, send
o.s. ( on, e.g., on the bed, on or to the reeling ( s.o.); to sway ( s.th.)
ground); to fling o.s., fall ( upon s.o.), ( afah) to work up s.o.s feelings,
throw o.s., plunge ( into s.th.); to have send s.o. into a frenzy V to stagger, reel,
fallen down and lie prostrate; to lie, totter, sway; to shake, rock
sprawl ( on) to fall to (atfuh) to get into ones stride, become
the ground, tumble ecstatic, be carried away; to be beside o.s.

ramy (act or process of) throwing, marnaa prow (of a ship)

flinging, shooting, etc. r. al- randaa to scan (verse)
arba javelin throwing, r. al-
II to cloud, muddy ( water); to blur, dim
qur discus throwing (athlet.);
( the eyes; said of sleep); to halt, stop,
idm ramyan bi-r-ra
stop over, stay; to look, glance ( toward
execution before a firing squad
or at s.th.) ( naara) to keep
ramya (n. vic.) throw, toss, fling; looking at, stare at
shot rubba ramyatin
ranq turbid, clouded (water)
min gairi rmin many a shot is without a
(skilled) marksman (proverbially, of raunaq glamor, splendor, beauty
unexpected or undeserved success) 361
ramya pl. ramy game II and V to sing ( a song); to intone ( a
animal (being shot at or already killed) song); to recite in a singsong voice, chant
( s.th.)
marman pl. marmin aim,
end, purpose; goal (athlet.); range (of a tarnma pl. tarnim2 hymn,
gun); reach, extent goal- anthem; song; a kind of chanting
keeper; m. an-naar range of recitation; little story recited in a singsong
vision, field of vision voice; little song
tarmin vastness, expanse ) )ran u to gaze, look ( at s.th.)
vast expanse, vastness II and IV to please delight ( s.o.)
rmin pl. rumh throwing; rahaba a (rahab, ruhb, rahba) to he
thrower, hurler; marksman; rifleman (Syr., frightened, be afraid; to fear, dread ( s.o.)
mil.) Sagittarius (astron.); see II to frighten, scare,
sahm ar-r. Sagitta (astron.); alarm, intimidate ( s.o.) IV = II; to
flame thrower terrorize ( s.o.) V to threaten ( s.o.); to
mutarmin wide, extensive become a monk, enter monastic life (Chr.)
vast, huge rahba fear, fright, alarm, terror;
2
look up alphabetically awe
 rahb, ruhb fear
rahbb great fear, fright, terror
rahb dreadful, awful, fearful,
terrible; solemn, grave
tarhb intimidation
irhb intimidation, frightening;
threatening; terror, terrorism (pol.);
sabotage
approach ( an age); to approach the age
of sexual maturity; to be adolescent IV to
bring down ( upon s.o. s.th.), make (
s.o.) undergo or suffer ( s.th.); to
oppress, burden, overburden ( s.o.,
with s.th.), lie heavily, bear down ( on
s.o.) ( jadban) to tug at s.o.
violently or too violently
murhaqa puberty

irhb terrorist(ic); sabotage irhq pressure, oppression;

(used attributively); (pl. -n) terrorist suppression; heavy load (e.g., of work)

tarahhub monasticism, monastic murhiq adolescent

life (Chr.) murhiq oppressive (burden, heat)
rhib pl. ruhbn monk rahila a to be flabby, soft; to be
(Chr.) bloated, fat (flesh, body) V do.
rhiba pl. -t nun (Chr.) rhil flaccid, flabby, soft, 362
marhb terrible, dreadful tarahhul obesity, fatness

II tarahbana to become a monk, mutarahhil flaccid, flabby, soft;

enter monastic life (Chr.) bloated, fat
rahbana and rahbnya rihma pl. riham, rihm drizzle,
monasticism; monastic order, lasting fine rain
congregation (Chr.) marham pl. marhim2 salve,
rahj, rahaj dust ointment; cream, cold cream; pomade
rahaa a to gobble, gulp greedily rahana a (rahn) to pawn, deposit as
security ( s.th., or with s.o.); to
rah, raha pl. arh, mortgage ( real estate) III to bet, lay a
arhu, arhi2, arh2 group wager ( with s.o., on, that ... ) IV to
(of people), band, troop deposit in pledge, give as a security, pawn
rah pl. rih leather loin- ( s.th.) VIII to receive or take in pledge,
cloth as a security ( s.th. from s.o.); to
pawn, deposit in pledge ( s.th.); to make
rahufa u ( rahfa) to be thin; to be ( s.th.) subject ( to), make ( s.th.)
sharp (sword); -- rahafa a (rahf) and IV to conditional ( on); pass.: urtuhina to be
make thin ( s.th.); to make sharp, subject ( to) ( nafsah) to
sharpen ( s.th., esp. fig.) pledge o.s. or dedicate o.s. to the cause of
(udn) to prick up ones ears ( so as to X to demand as a security ( from s.o.
catch the words of s.o.), ) ) s.th.)
(sam) to listen closely to
rahn pawning, mortgaging,
rahif thin pledging; -- (pl. ruhn,
rahf thin; slender, slim; ruhnt, rihn) pawn, pledge;
sharpened, sharp security ( for s.th.); hostage; mortgage.
hypothec; depending on,
irhf sharpening
conditional on, subject to; -- rahna (prep.)
murhaf thin, fine; sharpened, pending; depending on, conditional on;
sharp m. al-. delicate, subject to, liable to maall r.
sensitive pawnshop; rahna iratih at
rahiqa a (rahaq) to come over s.o. or s.th. s.o.s beck and call; r.
( ), overtake ( s.o., s.th.) III to saiaratih under s.o.s power or
dominion; this depends on that;
 al-masala r. ihtimmih ( It. roba vecchia) rbabkiy:
the problem is being given every attention junk dealer 363
by him; dia s-sijna raubaa sleepwalking, somnambulism
rahna t-taqq he was taken into custody
pending investigation taraubu sleepwalking,
somnambulism
rahnya mortgage (deed)
rbel ruble
rahn pawned, mortgaged,
pledged, given as security; held in pledge; rbya pl. -t rupee
security ( for); responsible ( for); rtniy Ruthenia
subject ( to); (prep.) subject to,
depending on ( rahnah) to be ) )rta u (raut) to drop dung
under obligation to s.o.; to be dependent raut (coll.; n. un. )pl. arwt
on s.o. dung, dropping (of horse, camel, and the
rahna pl. rahin2 pawn, like)
pledge, security; hostage; mortgage, 1
) )rja u ( rawj) to be spread,
hypothec circulate, be current; to find a good
rihn bet, wager; competition, market, sell well, be in demand
contest (merchandise); to be or become brisk,
pick up (market); to be at band, be
murhana pl. -t bet, wager available ( for s.o.) II to spread (
rhin pledger, mortgagor; fixed, rumors, news, etc.), circulate, put into
established, certain; lasting, permanent; circulation ( s.th.; currency, rumors,
current; present, actual news, etc.); to push the sale ( of s.th.),
present circumstances; the open a market ( for an article); to sell,
present condition; the status quo bring on the market ( an article); to
promote, further ( s.th.); to make
marhn pawned, pledged,
propaganda ( for), propagate ( s.th.)
mortgaged, given as security; subject (
to) ( bi-auqtih) there rawj circulation; marketability,
is a time for everything salability; sales
murtahan mortgagee, pledgee; arwaj2 more widespread, more
pawnbroker common; better selling
2
) )rah u (rahw) to amble tarwj spreading, propagation,
circulation; sale, distribution (of an article
rahw quiet, calm, peaceful,
of commerce); promotion, furtherance
tranquil; stillness, calm, peace, tranquility;
(pl. rih) crane (zool.) rij circulating, current; universal,
widespread, common; salable, marketable,
rahwn ambler (horse); pal-frey
in demand, selling well (merchandise);
2
ar-ruh the city of Urfa (Gr. Edessa) brisk (business market)
2
rahwana and II tarahwana to amble ( Fr.) r rouge
(horse)
)and ( ra u ( raw) to go
see away, leave, go; (with foll. imperf.) to
1 begin, set out to do II rawwaa to fan
) )rba u (raub) to curdle (milk) II
(air); to refresh, animate, revive ( the
and IV to (cause to) curdle ( milk)
heart, the spirits); -- rayyaa to give (
raub curdled milk, curds s.o.) rest, make ( s.o.) relax, make ( s.o.)
rib curdled (milk) comfortable, provide rest and recreation (
2
for s.o.); to rest ( e.g., ones eyes)
( Fr. robe) rb pl. arwb dressing to find recreation, relax,
gown amuse o.s. III to go in the evening ( to
s.o.); to alternate, vary ( between two of mind; alcoholic
things) IV arwaa to stink, smell beverages, spirits
bad; -- ara to give ( s.o.) rest, let (
rau refreshment
s.th.) rest; to deliver, release ( s.o.
from); to put ( s.o.) at ease, soothe ( the raua pl. -t journey or errand in
heart, or the like); to relieve, free ( s.o., the evening
of), ease ( for s.o. s.th.); to do ( ra rest, repose; recreation; ease,
s.o.) a good turn, gladden ( s.o. with), leisure; vacation; comfort; (pl. -t,
make ( s.o.) happy ( by) r) palm of the hand, hand
(nafsah) to find recreation from, relax leisurely, gently, slowly, at ones ease;
from V to fan o.s. ( bi-l-mirwaa unhurriedly, leisurely; easily, with
with the fan) VI to fluctuate, alternate, ease; bait ar-r. water closet,
vary ( between; esp. with two figures toilet; luxury;
following); to intervene, lie ( between muiddt ar-r. conveniences;
two events) VIII to find rest ( from); to fatrat ar-r. pause, rest, break, recess;
rest, relax, find recreation; to be satisfied, r. al-ulqm Turkish delight;
be pleased ( with s.th.), agree, consent ( r. al-yad palm of the hand; r.
to s.th.); to like ( or s.th.), be al-qadam sole of the foot
happy, be glad ( or about s.th.)
to be happy to be of service, like ra smell, odor
doing favors X to inhale air, rya spirituality; mentality,
breathe; to smell, sniff ( s.th.); to be mental attitude, frame of mind
refreshed ( by or with s.th.); -- to
be calm; to become calm; to find rest; to raw departure; going, leaving;
take a rest, have a break; to be refreshed ( return, return trip (as opposed to ;)
by or with s.th.); to rest, relax ( rest, repose ( gudwih)
from); to be delivered, be saved ( from), (lit.: in his coming and going, i.e.) in
be relieved ( of); to calm down, relax; to everything he did
rely ( on); to be happy, be glad ( rayy pl. -t (eg.) large irrigation
about), be pleased ( with) canal, main canal (in the Egyptian
r wine irrigation system)

r f. (occasionally m.) pl. arwa2 more calming, more

riy, arw, ary wind; fart; soothing
smell, odor ab r. weather vane; arya generous, liberal,
scarecrow; sakanat ruh to openhanded
expire, become obsolete, fall into
aryaya generosity, liberality,
oblivion; habbat ruh 364 he
munificence
was in clover, he was in lucks way;
to go with the wind, vanish rain (coll.) sweet basil
(Ocimum basilicum; bot.); (pl.
rayyi windy
rayn2) aromatic plants
m. and f., pl. arw breath of qalam ar-r. or ( rain) a
life, soul; spirit (in all senses); gun barrel highly decorative style of Arabic
r. al.quds (qudus), also calligraphy
the Holy Ghost; ( ra)
rn spiritual, immaterial;
spiritless, insipid, inane;
divine, sacred, holy; (pl. -n) clergyman,
likable, amiable, charming; dull,
minister (Chr.)
boring, unpleasant (person);
long-suffering, patient; rnya spirituality;
(iran) danger (on warning signs) transfiguration
r spirituous; spiritual; pl. -t
spiritual things state (or frame)
 mar place visited in the
evening; -- mur, also mar pasture;
daytime pasture
mirwaa pl. marwi2 fan; 2
ventilator; O propeller
(k) palm-leaf fan; m. al-kai
punkah, a canvas-covered frame
suspended from the ceiling for fanning a
room
O mirw fan; ventilator (mor.)
miry causing flatulence (food)
tarw fanning; ventilation,
airing; refreshment; diversion, amusement
(also )
tarwa: t. nafs walk, place); to intend ( s.th., to do s.th.); to
stroll
alt at-tarw prayer
performed during the nights of Ramadan
tary (eg.) installation; fitting in,
insertion
irtiy satisfaction, gratification;
pleasure; joy, delight 365
istirw airing, ventilation; air
intake; respiration ( adr)
pneumothorax (med.)
istira rest, repose, relaxation,
recreation; - (pl.- at) intermission, recess,
pause, root, break; public resthouse (for
travelers; Eg.)
ri: ( gdin) going back
and forth, walking up and down
ri pl. rawi2 odor,
smell; fragrance, perfume; pl.
perfumes; flavorings (e.g., those used in
baking)
mur restful, reposeful; calming,
soothing; cozy; comfortable; flatulent
( kurs) armchair; club chair,
easy chair
mur see above under mar
murt resting, relaxing; relaxed,
calm, serene; reassured, satisfied, content;
pleased, delighted at ease,
relaxed, serene, tranquil; of
peaceful mind, undisturbed by scruples
mustar resting, relaxing;
relaxed, calm, reassured
mustar water closet, toilet
) )rda u (raud) to walk about, move
about, prowl; to look, search ( for s.th.)
in to seek to win ( s.o. for s.th.), try to
entice or tempt ( s.o. to do s.th.); to
approach, accost ( s.o.); to seek to
alienate or lure away ( s.o. from); to
attempt to seduce ( a woman)
to seek to tempt s.o. IV to want (
s.th., to do s.th.), wish. have a mind, be
willing ( to do s.th.); to want to have (
s.th.), desire, covet ( s.th.), strive ( for
s.th.); to be headed. be bound ( for a
aim ( or with s.th. at), purpose,
have in view ( by s.o. s.th.); to drive (
at s.th., with s.th.); to be out ( or
for), be bent ( or on); to mean (
s.o., s.th., by); to have s.o. ( )in mind
with s.th. (), aim at s.o. ( )with s.th. (;)
to have (good or evil) designs ( )on s.o. (
), intend or plan to do s.th. ( )with s.o. (
;)to be on the point ( or of doing
s.th.), be about ( or to do s.th.); to
urge, induce, prompt ( s.o. to do s.th.)
by this he meant that ...; he
understood it to mean that ...;
(kairan) to wish s.o. well; to
seek to induce s.o. to (do s.th.);
on his way to the capital;
(nafsah) he tried to bring himself to do it
VIII to repair, betake o.s. ( to a place); to
explore ( s.th.)
raud exploration
riyda exploration
ruwaidan slowly, gently, leisurely
gradually, slowly, by and by;
ruwaidaka take it easy! slowly!
mirwad pl. marwid2 pencil,
little stick (originally for applying kohl to
the eyelids)
irda will, volition; wish; desire;
(pl. -t) irade, decree (of a ruler); will
power (asaba) at will
ird intentional, willial,
voluntary
 irtiyd visit (to a place); (take a) walk, promenade; to do physical
exploration exercise, go in for sports VI to haggle,
bargain (with one another, over a price)
rid pl. ruwwd visitor; scout,
VIII to practice, exercise o.s.; to train o.s.,
reconnoiterer; boy scout; explorer; leader;
school o.s. ( on or by means of); to (take
major (mil.; U.A.R.); precept, guiding
a) walk, promenade X to be or become
principle. rule (of conduct)
glad, happy, cheerful
murid pl. -n novice (of a Sufi
raua pl. rau, -t,
order); aspirant; adherent, follower,
riy, rdn garden; meadow
disciple
( pl. )kindergarten,
murd wanted, desired, intended; nursery school
design, purpose, intention 366
ar-riy Riyadh (capital of
2
see Saudi Arabia)
ruds Rhodes (chief island of the riya pl. -t practice, exercise;
Dodecanese) physical exercise, gymnastics; sport; walk,
rdsiya Rhodesia promenade; relaxation, rest; spiritual
exercise; religious exercises,
) )rza u (rauz) to weigh ( devotions (Chr.); mathematics
s.th.); to examine ( s.th.); to consider r. nafsh walking, promenading;
s.th.) ( bata) pure mathematics;
rznma almanac ( tabqya) applied mathematics;
1
( aqlya) exercise of wits,
II (from )to point, sharpen ( intellectual games
s.th.); to taper ( s.th.); to supply with a
heading or title ( essay, book) riy sportive, sports (adj.); (pl.
-n) sportsman; mathematic(al)
tarwsa head, heading, title, sports news; ( mursil)
caption sports reporter; sports
2
mirws race track riyyt mathematics
2
marws race horses tarw sports
3
ar-rs the Russians ) )ra u (rau) to frighten, scare, alarm
rs Russian ( s.o.); to startle, surprise ( s.o.); to
awaken s.o.s ( )admiration, appeal ( to
ar-rsya the Russian language
s.o.), please, delight, thrill ( s.o.)
rsiy Russia ( ill majuka) your arrival
(ba) Byelorussia has been a complete surprise to me II and
( It. arrosto) rost, IV to frighten, scare, alarm, awe ( s.o.) V
(lam) fried meat; rout and VIII to be frightened, be alarmed (
at, by)
rauan pl. rawin2
skylight, scuttle rau fright, alarm, dismay, fear; --
r heart, mind, soul ( haddi)
) )ra u (rau, and ( sakkin) take it easy! relax!
riya) to tame, domesticate ( an )( to persuade s.o., make
animal); to break in, train ( an animal); s.o. believe, talk s.o. into believing (
to train, coach ( s.o.); to pacify, placate ( that), inspire ( s.th.); it
s.o.) to practice ( s.th.), occurred to him, it came to his mind
exercise o.s. ( in) II = I; to tame,
regulate ( e.g., a river) III to seek to rawa beauty 367
make tractable, try to bring round ( s.o.) raua fright, alarm, fear; awe;
V to practice, exercise o.s.; -- astonishment, surprise; perplexity; charm,
tarayyaa (denominative of )to beauty, magnificence, splendor
 arwa2 more wonderful, more
marvelous; more charming, more
delightful; more magnificent; more
obvious, clearer
irtiy alarm, dismay, shock
splendid, admirable, wonderful,
marvelous, glorious, magnificent;
charming, delightful; awesome, imposing,
impressive, thrilling; clear as daylight
f r. in-nahr in broad daylight;
f r. abbih in the prime of
his years; plain truth
ria pl. rawi an
imposing thing r. al-fan
masterpieces of art
murawwi terrible, dreadful,
frightening
murawwa frightened, terrified,
alarmed
mur dreadful, terrible, horrible
mut frightened, terrified,
alarmed
) )rga u (raug, rawagn) to turn
off, swerve; to dodge, evade ( s.o.),
get out of the way of ( ;)furtively to
turn away; to go away ( to), depart,
leave ( for) III to deal in an
underhanded, fraudulent manner ( with
s.o.), double-cross ( s.o.); to dodge,
engage in low trickery, play fast and
loose; to light with unfair means ( s.o.)
rawg dodge, shift, artifice, sly
trick
rawwg sly, wily, insidious, crafty
ruwaiga dodge, shift, artifice, sly
trick
arwag2 more cunning, more
insidious
rawagn turning off; swerving;
dodging, evasion
murwaga sly, underhanded
dealings; humbug, trickery; artifice,
cunning; pl. -t distortions, prevarications,
lies; tricks, wiles
) )rqa u ( rauq) to be clear, be
pore (liquid); to surpass, excel ( s.o.,
s.th.), prove superior ( to); to please,
delight, ( or s.o., also f ainih
s.o.), give s.o. pleasure, appeal to s.o. (
)II to clarify, purify, filter ( a
liquid) ( damah) to refresh s.o.
(drink); to pacify, placate s.o., cool s.o.
off; to make a clearance sale
IV to pour out ( a liquid); to shed, spill (
s.o.); to make ( a liquid) flow
( ma wajhih) to eacri1ice ones
honor, lose all respect, lose face V to have
breakfast
rq pl. -t layer, stratum
rauq pl. arwq portico; horn
rauqa beautiful, pretty, handsome
(of persons; for both gender, sing. and pl.)
riwq, ruwq pl. arwiqa tent;
curtain, screen; flap of the tent for
protection against the wind (used by
Syrian Bedouins); sun roof of mate over a
bazaar (syr.); portico; open gallery,
colonnade, loggia; porch, veranda (syr.);
pavilion of an exposition; living quarters,
dormitories and workrooms of the
students of Al Azhar University in Cairo,
divided according to provinces and
nationalities to pitch ones
tent, take up quarters, settle down
riwq stoic(al); (pl. -n) a stoic;
friar; ar-riwqya Stoicism 368
rwq filter
tarwq filtration, clarification,
purification
tarwqa (syr.) breakfast
irqa pouring out; shedding,
spilling bloodshed
riq clear, pure
ml ar-rk (eg.) public property,
community property
1
II to slaver, slobber, drool
ruwl slaver, slobber
2
(Fr. rle) rl role
1
) )rma u (raum, marm) to
desire, wish, want, covet ( s.th.), crave (
for); to wish ( s.o. s.th.); to look (
for) ( yurmu) as well as one
could possibly wish, in excellent order
 rmallh Ramallah (town in W
Jordan, N of Jerusalem)
raum wish, desire
marm pl. -t wish, desire, craving,
longing; aspiration
2
ar-rm the Romaeans, the
Byzantines; Byzantium; pl. al-
arwm (the adherents of) the Greek
Orthodox Church bar ar-r. the
Mediterranean
rm pl. arwm Romaean,
Byzantine; Greek Orthodox (Church)
( dk) turkey (eg.); motion picture, film
(gibna) a brand of cheese (eg.)
rm and rma Rome
rmiya Rome
ar-rumn the Romano; the
Romanic peoples
rmn Roman; Romanian;
Romanic
rmniy Romania
( Engl.) rmtism rheumatism
riwand, rwad rhubarb
see
1
rawiya a ( ray, riyy) to drink ones
fill, quench ones thirst; to be irrigated; --
raw i to bring ( or s.o.) water, give (
s.o.) to drink; -- raw i ( riwya) to
tell, relate ( s.th. to s.o.), report (
s.th.), give an account of ( ;)to pass on,
transmit ( s.th. on the strength of an
authoritative source), quote ( from a
source) II to quench s.o.s ( )thirst; to
water, irrigate ( s.th.) IV to give ( s.o.)
to drink, quench s.o.s ( )thirst; to water (
flowers, etc.); to moisten. wet ( s.th.)
V to draw, obtain ( s.th. from); to
ponder ( s.th.), reflect ( on) VIII to
quench ones thirst; to be supplied with
water for drink, be given to drink; to be
watered, be irrigated; to draw (on a
source, i.e., to obtain information from it)
riyy quenching (of thirst); -- riyy,
rayy watering, irrigation; moistening,
wetting
rayyan aroma, fragrance
rawy thirst-quenching
rawy final letter, rhyming letter
(in Arabic verse); rhyme
monotonous (song)
raw fresh (water)
ruw prettiness, comeliness
pleasing appearance
rawya deliberation, reflection,
consideration deliberately, on
purpose, offhand, casually
riwya pl. -t tale, narrative;
report, account; story; novel; play, drama;
(muzina) tragedy;
(masraya) play, stage play;
motion 369 picture, film;
(muika) comedy; ( ginya)
opera; ( qiaya, qaaya)
novel; ( tamtlya) play, drama;
sound film; ( hazlya)
comedy
riw novelist; dramatist,
playwright; author, writer
rayyn2, f. rayy, pl. riw
sated with drink; well-watered, well-
irrigated; luxuriant, lush, verdant; full,
plump (face); succulent, juicy, fresh,
pretty; see also alphabetically
tarwiya deliberation, reflection,
consideration
irw irrigational; irrigated
tarawwin deliberation, reflection,
consideration
rwin pl. rwiyn, ruwh and
rwiya pl. rawy transmitter
(esp. of ancient Arabic poetry); relater;
narrator, storyteller
marwyt tales, stories, reports
2
see
3
see
1
see
2
riyya = ria (see )
3
see
 riyl pl. -t riyal, a silver coin: in Eg. = 20 raitam (conj.) as long as, while;
qir g (piasters); in Ir. = 200 fals; when; until
Maria Theresa dollar , , , , , , , see
Riyan (town and airport in S Hadhramaut,
on Gulf of Aden) ( G.) raik Reich
) )rba i (raib) to disquiet, alarm, fill rayyis (= ras) mate (Eg. Naval
with suspicion or misgivings ( s.o.,
rank) ( mumtz) a naval rank
about s.th.); to give pause (. to s.o.), make (approx.: petty officer 3rd class; Eg. 1939)
( s.o.) 8top and think ( that), make (
s.o.) uneasy; to cast a suspicion ( on s.o.), riysa (= risa) see
show ( s.o.) in a suspicious light; to riys presidential
doubt, question, suspect ( s.th.) IV to
disquiet, alarm, startle, fill with suspicion ) )ra i (rai) to provide with
or misgivings ( s.o.) V to have doubts or feathers, feather ( s.th.); to feather ones
misgivings ( about), be suspicious ( nest, become wealthy II to provide with
or of) VIII to be suspicious, smell a rat; feathers, feather ( s.th.); to fledge, grow
to suspect, doubt, question ( or s.o., feathers (bird) V to fledge (bird); to
s.th.), have doubts or misgivings ( or become wealthy
about), wavervdoubtfully ( between) X r (coll.; n. un. )pl. riy,
to be invdoubt, be skeptical ( about), be ary feathers; feathering, plumage;
suspicious,vhave misgivings, entertain clothes, attire, exterior; bristles (e.g., of a
doubts brush)
raib doubt; suspicion; uncertainty ra (n. un.) pl. -t feather; quill;
( bil) no doubt, undoubtedly, writing pen (also ;) brush (of a
doubtless; ( raib) there is no painter); plectrum; lancet; (eg.) reed (of
doubt about it; r. al-mann certain wind instruments, e.g., of the oboe;
unpredictable turn of fortune, threatening mus.) wazn ar-r. featherweight
fate; misfortune (athlet.)
rba pl. riyab doubt, suspicion, r feather (adj.), feathery,
misgiving feathered, plumed, pinnate
irtiyb doubt, suspicion, distrust, riy household effects; furniture;
misgiving equipment
murb arousing suspicion, see
suspicious
) )ra i (rai, ruy, riy,
murtb doubting, doubtful, rayan to increase, grow, flourish,
skeptical; doubter, skeptic; ( or ( thrive II to increase, augment ( s.th.)
doubted, questionable, doubtful; suspect,
suspicious ( amrih) rai pl. ruy yield; returns,
suspicious, suspect, under suspicion proceeds, income (accruing from an
estate), interest; profit share royalty;
mustarb doubtful, in doubt ( prime, choicest part r. a-
about); suspicious abb the prime of youth
) )mustarb (fhi) suspect, rain prime, choicest part
suspicious f r. i-abb in the prime of
) )rta i (rait) to hesitate, delay, tarry youth; f r. in-nahr in broad
V to hesitate, tarry, be tardy; to give ( or daylight
s.th.) long and thorough consideration; ar mara productive land
to stop; to stay, linger ( at a place); to be
patient, bide ones time, temporize, wait tr (eg.) cadastre; (also
)land survey
 2
ria: f r. in-nahr , f. see
in broad daylight (see also ) 3
look up alphabetically
rf pl. aryf fertile, cultivated land;
country (as opposed to city), countryside,
rural or Lower Egypt;
seashore. seacoast; Er Rif (hilly coastal
region of NE Morocco)
rf rural, rustic, peasant (adj.),
country (used attributively); peasant,
farmer; provincial, yokel, bumpkin; z name of the letter
inhabitant of Er Rif (in Morocco) zq quicksilver, mercury
) )rqa i ( raiq) to shine, glisten, zibaq quicksilver, mercury
glow, burn; to flow out, pour forth IV to
pour out, shed, splll (see also ) zj vitriol

rq and rqa pl. aryq zgra Zagora, a brand of Egyptian

saliva, spittle before break-fast,
on an empty stomach; and zaara a (zar, zar) to roar, bellow
(rqah) (lit.: to swallow ones saliva, i.e.)
to catch ones breath, rest a while, take a
short break; to hold back, restrain o.s. (of
s.o. in a rage); ( ballaah rqah) zg pl. zgn crow
to allow s.o. a break, let s.o. catch his
breath; ( aj) to make the saliva
flow, i.e., to make the mouth water,
stimulate the appetite; ( yajiffu) 1
be is untiring (in speaking), he talks
incessantly
rayyiq: r. i-abb in
the full bloom of youth
2
) )rla i and II to slobber, slaver, drool
maryala (string) apron
maryl bib
2
look up alphabetically
1
) )rma i (raim) to go away, move,
budge; to leave ( a place)
(maknah) not to budge, not to
move from the spot II to stay, remain (
at the place); (eg.) to bluff ( s.o.)
rm (eg.) froth, foam
tarym (eg.) swaggering, bluffing,
swindle
2
rm (= )addax, white antelope
1
) )rna i to take possession ( or of
s.th.), seize, overcome ( or s.o.,
said of passion); to descend or come upon
s.th. ( ;)to reign, prevail ( in, e.g.,
silence in a room)
cotton
zar roaring, roar, bellowing
zaa a ( zi) to clamor, be vociferous
maut zuam a sudden or violent
death
zun darnel (Lolium temulentum; bot.)
2
( syr., eg.) beech tamar z.
beechnuts
zna pl. -t spear; pole ( )
al-watb (al-qafz) bi-z-z. pole
vaulting (athlet.)
zwq quicksilver, mercury
zy name of the letter
zubb pl. azbb penis
zabb (coll.; n. un. )dried grapes,
raisins; (eg.) a strong colorless liquor
made of raisins, milky white when diluted
with water
azabb2, f. zabb2, pl. zubb
hairy, hirsute, shaggy
zabada a to chum ( milk) II to foam,
froth, cream (milk) IV to froth, become
foamy, foam (also, with rage)
zabad pl. azbd foam, froth;
dross z. al-bar meerschaum
zubda (fresh) butter (as opposed to
samn); cream; -- (pl. zubad)
choicest part, prime, cream, flower, elite;
 extract, quintessence; essence, substance;
gist, main point
zabdya pl. zabdy bowl
zabd civet sinnr az-
z. civet cat
zabd and ( laban)
curdled milk (eg.)
mizbad, mizbada pl.
mazbid2 churn
zabara u i to scold ( s.o.)
zubr penis
zubra pl. zubar piece of iron
zabr (Book of) Psalms, Psalter
zibrij ornament, ornamentation,
decoration, embellishment
zabarjad chrysolite (min.)
zabaa i (zab) to quack (duck)
zaba (eg.) mud, mire
zuba (eg.) bunch of dates
2
zaubaa pl. zawbi storm,
hurricane
zabaqa u i (zabq) to tear out, pluck out (
hair) VII to slip in
II to dung, manure
zibl, zibla dung, manure
zabbl street sweeper; garbage
collector
zubla refuse, rubbish, garbage,
sweepings
mazbala, mazbula pl.
mazbil2 dunghill; garbage can
zabn kicking (camel); hot, fierce, cruel
(battle); stupid, foolish; fool; -- (pl.
zabin2) customer, client, buyer; guest (of
a hotel, end the like) patron,
regular customer
zubn undergarment (nejd, ir.)
zibna clientele, patronage,
custom
zubn pedipalpus or claw of a
scorpion, of a crayfish (usually dual:
)
zabniya myrmidons; engels who
thrust the damned into Hell
zubya pl. zuban elevated place above
the waterline balaga s-sailu
z-zub the matter reached a climax, things
came to a head
zatta (syr.) to throw
zajja (1st pers. perf. zajajtu) u (zajj) to
throw, hurl ( s.th.); to push, shove, urge,
drive ( or s.o. or s.th.); to press,
squeeze, force, cram ( or s.o. or
s.th., into) ( zujja, sijn)
he was thrown into prison II to pencil (
al-jibain the eyebrows); to
glaze, coat with glass ( s.th.); to enamel (
s.th.)
zujj pl. zijj ferrule;
arrowhead; spearhead
azajj2, f. zajj, pl. zujj
having beautifully arched eyebrows
zujj glass (as substance)
zujja (u. un.) pl. -t piece of
glass; (glass) bottle, flask; (drinking)
glass, tumbler
zujj glass (adj.), glassy,
vitreous
zajjj glazier
muzajjaj glazed, enameled;
and enameled ware
zajara u (zajr) to drive back, drive away;
to hold back, restrain, prevent ( s.o.
from); to rebuke, scold, upbraid ( s.o.)
VII and VIII izdajara pass. of I
zajr forcible prevention;
suppression (of customs, abuses, crimes);
rebuke, reprimand
zajr reformatory, penitentiary
(adj.) ( mahad) reformatory,
reform school
mazjar: qaada
minhu mazjara l-kalb to sit at a fitting
distance from s.o.
zjir handicap, impediment,
obstacle
zjira pl. zawjir2 check,
curb; restriction, limitation
 zajala u (zajl) to let go, release ( a
carrier pigeon) 373
zajal pl. azjl popular Arabic
poem in strophic form; soft humming
sound produced by the jinn at night
zajjl reciter of azjal (see above)
amm az-zjil carrier zalaqa to roll, slide ( s.th.) II
pigeon, homing pigeon
) )zaj u to drive, urge on ( s.th.,
s.o.); to squeeze, press, force, cram (
s.th., s.o., into) II to shove, push (
s.th., s.o.); to drive, urge on ( s.th.,
s.o.); to jostle, crowd, cram, jam (
s.th., s.o., into); to take or bring
(forcibly) ( s.o., s.th. into); to make
( time) pass; to pass, spend ( time) IV
to shove, push ( s.th., s.o.); to drive,
urge on ( s.th., s.o.); to jostle, crowd,
cram, jam ( s.th., s.o., into); to take
or bring (forcibly) ( s.o., s.th. into);
to make pass, while away ( time); to
extend ( s.th. to s.o.; greetings,
compliments, thanks); to bestow ( s.th.
on s.o.; e.g., praise) (e.g., people)
(dihn) to suggest (the idea or assumption)
that ...
muzjan little, scanty, paltry,
trivial, insignificant
zaara a i ( zar, zur) to rivalry (
groan, moan
zar, groan, moan(s)
zur, groan, moan(s); dysentery
(med.)
zazaa ( zazaa) to move (
s.th., from its place); to tear, rip ( s.th.
off) II tazazaa to budge, move( away
from)
zaafa a (zaf) to crawl, creep on the
ground; to crawl about; to advance
(army); to march, be on the march (
against or toward)
zaf advance, march (of an army);
(pl. zuf) soldiery, army
creeping, crawling
zafa pl. -t reptile; implement
for leveling the ground, leveler; ski
zif creeping, crawling; pl.
zawif2 reptiles
zaala a (zal, zul) to move away,
withdraw, retire ( from a place) II to
remove ( s.o., s.th.) V = I
zual2 the planet Saturn
tazalaqa to glide, slide, slip, skid
zalaqa: maidn az-z.
skating rink
tazaluq skating; sikiing
zalw from Zale (Lebanon), made
in Zale (e.g., arrack)
zaama a (zam) to push, shove, hustle,
jostle, crowd, press, beset ( s.o.) III to
push, shove, hustle, jostle, crowd, press,
beset ( s.o.); to compete, vie ( with s.o.)
VI to press together, crowd together,
mill .bout; to be closely packed lei in); to
compete with one another VIII
izdaama to be crowded, teem, swarm (
with); to jostle, crowd together, mill about
zama crush, jam; crowd, throng
zim crush, jam; crowd, throng
muzama pl. -t competition;
yaqbalu)
unrivaled, matchless without competition
tazum (mutual) competition
izdim crowd, crush, jam; over-
crowdedness
muzim pl. -n competitor; rival
muzima (female) rival
muzdaim overcrowded, packed,
jammed; teeming, swarming, crowded,
crammed ( with); -- muzdaam crowd,
crush, jam 374
zakka pl. -t downpour, heavy shower
zakara a (zakr, zukr) to swell, rise
(e.g., river); to be overfull, brimful ( of);
to boast ( of s.th.), vaunt ( s.th.) V to
swell; to rise; to abound ( in), be full (
of)
zkir and zakkr full,
brimful, filled to overflowing; abounding
 in water (seas); excessive, profuse; s.th.) VIII izdarada to swallow (
exuberant (feeling) s.th.)
zakrafa to adorn, embellish, decorate, zarda sweet dish made of rice and
ornament ( s.th.) II tazakrafa to adorn honey
o.s.; to be embellished, ornamented
zard pl. zard chain mail, coat
zukruf pl. zakrif of mail zebra
decoration, ornament, embellishment; zarada chain link
makeup, getup (e.g., of a book); vain,
trifling finery ( lafya) zardya pliers
flowers of speech, rhetorical flourishes; mazrad throat, gullet
z. ad-duny the vanities of this
world zarzara to chirp
zakrafa pl. -t decoration (also zurzur and zurzr pl.
stage decoration); ornamentation zarzr2 starling (zool.)
zukruf ornamental, decorative zurzr gray with white spots
(horse)
muzakrif interior decorator; --
muzakraf embellished, ornamented zaraa a (zar) to sow ( s.th.); to spread,
( al-ka al-kf) floriated scatter ( s.th.); to plant, raise, grow (
Kufic writing plants); to till, cultivate ( al-ara
land); to lay ( lugman mine) VII pass.
zakama a (zakm) to throat back ( s.o.); -- of I; VIII izdaraa to sow
zakima a (zakam) to stink
sowing; (pl. zur) seed;
zakim stinking young standing crop, green crop;
azkam2 stinking plantation; field(s) ( ar)
agriculture and stock farming
zakma plectrum
zira agriculture; tilling, tillage;
zakama stench cultivation (of land); growing, raising (of
zarra u to button, button up ( s.th.); to crops); farming horticulture
screw, contort ( ainah ones eye) II 375
to button, button up ( s.th.) zir agricultural, agrarian,
zirr pl. azrr, zurr farm- (in compounds) ( ar)
button; push button; knob, pommel; bud arable land; field path, dirt
(of a plant); tassel (of the tarboosh, etc.) road
zariba a to flow (water) II to pen, corral ( zara that whicb is sown or
livestock) planted; crop
zurbya, zirbya pl. zarby zarr pl. , -n peasant, farmer;
carpet, rug planter
zarba pl. zarib2 zareba, mazra (arable) land
cattle pen, corral, stockade, fold; (cattle)
mazraa pl. mazri field
barn; (North Af.) hut made of branches
under cultivation; farm; plantation;
zrb pl. zawrib2 a long, country estate
narrow lane mazran farmer
mizrb pl. mazrb2 spout
muzraa temporary
2
zarbl pl. zarbl and sharecropping contract (sl. Law)
zarbn pl. zarbn a kind of shoe zri pl. zurr seedsman,
zarada u (zard) to choke ( s.o.). strangle ( sower; peasant; farmer; planter
s.o.s neck); to gulp, swallow, devour ( mazr cultivated, planted
 mazra pl. -t young standing
crop, green crop
muzri pl. -n peasant, farmer;
agronomist
zarfa pl. -t body, group, cluster (of
people) see
zarfa, zurfa pl. zarf,
zurf, zarif2 giraffe
2
zaraqa u i (= )to drop excrement
(bird); -- zaraqa u (zarq) to hit, pierce (
s.o. with); to jab, bore ( into s.o. or
s.th.); to throw, hurl ( s.th.)
zarq: z. al-ibar injections,
injectings
mizrq pl. mazriq2 javelin
2
zariqa a (zaraq) and IX to be blue
zaraq blue, blueness, blue color; O
glaucoma (med.)
zurqa blue, blueness, blue color; O
cyanosis
azraq2, f. zarq2, pl.
zurq blue; dark-colored; the blue
sky, the blue
izriqq blueness, blue
d al-izriqq cyanosis
2
look up alphabetically
zarqn a bright red
zarkaa to embellish with brocade
embroidery; to adorn, embellish, decorate,
ornament ( s.th.)
zarka brocade, gold and silver
embroidery
muzarka embellished with
brocade embroidery, brocaded;
embroidered ( with silver and gold
thread); embroidered; embellished,
decorated, ornamented
(qalam) ornamental writing
zirnk, zarnik arsenic
zar i ( zirya) to rebuke, scold,
upbraid ( s.o.), find fault ( with
s.o. because of s.th.); to revile, disparage (
or J- s.0.), detract ( or from) IV to
derogate, detract ( from s.o. or s.th.),
belittle, ridicule ( s.o. or s.th.) V = I;
VIII izdar to slight ( or s.o.,
s.th.), make light, think little ( or
of), defy ( or e.g., danger) X = VIII
zary bad, poor, miserable,
despicable, contemptible
zirya contempt, disdain;
revilement, disparagement
izr contempt, disregard
izdir contempt, disdain, scorn
muzran despicable, contemptible
zabara to deceive, cheat ( s.o.)
zaab pl. zab2 a woolen
fabric; woolen garment with a low
neckline, worn esp. by the fellahin (eg.)
376
zatar =
zaaja a and IV to disturb ( s.o.); to
trouble, inconvenience, molest, pester,
harass ( s.o.); to disquiet, alarm make
uneasy, upset (. s.o.); to stir up ( s.o. or
from a place), rouse ( or s.o.
from a state. e.g., from sleep, etc.), drive (
or s.o. from) VII to be stirred up,
be roused; to be alarmed ( by or at), feel
uneasy ( about s.th.)
zaaj uneasiness, unrest
izj disturbance
inzij inconvenience, trouble,
discomfort; disturbance, confusion
muzaj annoying, troublesome,
irksome, inconvenient, unpleasant;
harrying; disquieting; unsettling; pl.
troubles, discomforts
zair thin-haired
azar 2, f. zar thin-haired;
tailless
azar pl. zarn (leb., pal.)
highwayman, brigand; crook, scoundrel
zara maliciousness, meanness
zrr pl. zarr2 ill-
tempered, peevish, testy, irascible;
azarole, Neapolitan medlar (Crataegus
azarolus; bot.)
zazaa to shake violently, convulse,
rock ( s.th.); to shake, upset ( e.g., a
 resolve, a belief, etc.) II tazazaa to be
convulsed; to work loose, wobble, be
loose; to shake, rock, totter
unshakable
r zaza and
(zazan) violent gale, hurricane
zazaa pl. convulsion,
shock, concussion
zaz lean, skinny, lanky,
spindling
muzaza convulsed, shocked;
upset, disorganized; tottering, shaky,
wobbly, unsteady, precarious
mutazazi unsteady, shaky,
wobbly, precarious; tottering, rocking;
fickle, uncertain, changeable
zaaa (za) to drive away
zaafa a (zaf) to kill instantly ( s.o.) IV
do.
samm zif a rapidly killing,
deadly poison
zafarn saffron
zaaqa a (zaq) to cry, yell, shriek,
scream
zaq clamor, shouting, crying,
screaming, yelling
zaqa pl. zaaqt cry, outcry, yell,
scream, shriek
zaq clamor, shouting, crying,
screaming, yelling
zaila a (zaal) to be bored, be fed up (
with s.th.), be tired ( of); to be annoyed,
angry II to annoy, vex ( s.o.) IV to
trouble, annoy ( s.o.)
zaal displeasure, annoyance,
irritation, vexation
zail annoyed, angry, vexed, put
out
zaln2 annoyed, angry, vexed,
put out
zla annoyance, anger,
irritation) vexation
zaama u (zam) to maintain, allege,
claim, pretend ( that), declare ( to
s.o. that); to believe; to take ( s.o. for or
to be ...), regard ( s.o. as); to
claim for o.s. ( s.th.) V to set o.s. up as
leader; to 377 be the leader ( of), lead,
command ( a body of soldier, or the
like); to pretend to be the leader, pose as
leader, be bossy
zam allegation, claim as
they claim, III they say
zam, pl. zuam2 leader;
ringleader; colonel (Ir. 1922); brigadier
general (mil.; formerly syr.); guarantor (
of)
zama leadership; leading
position in politics
mazim2 allegation; claims,
pretensions; assumptions, conjectures
mazm pretended, claimed;
alleged, so-called
zinifa pl. zanif2, horde, pack,
mob, rabble, rifraff; low hue, mean;
pl. fins (of fish); flippers (of whale,
seal, and the like)
zagab down, lid, fuzz
zagib downy, fluffy, fuzzy,
covered with fuzz
azgab2 downy, fluffy, fuzzy,
covered with fuzz
zagbar nap (of a fabric) he
took all of it
zagada a to nudge, poke ( s.o.)
zagara a (eg.) to eye ( or s.th., s.o.),
lear ( or at)
zagrada ( zagrada) to utter shrill,
long-drawn and trilling sounds (as a
manifestation of joy by Arab women)
zagrd2 shrill, trilling cries of
joy (of women)
zagraa =
zagr2 =
zagzaga to hide, conceal ( s.th.); (eg.)
to tickle ( s.o.)
zugua (eg.) hiccup
zagala a (zag,) to pour out ( s.th.); to
counterfeit ( e.g., coins), adulterate,
debase ( s.th.)
 zagal counterfeit money
mazgal pl. mazgil2
loophole, embrasure
zuglala to dazzIe ( an-naar the
eyes)
zugll pl. zagll2 baby,
infant; zagll (eg.) squab, young pigeon
st
zaffa (1 pers. perf. zafaftu) i (zaff,
zuff) to hurry; -- u (zaff, ziff) to
conduct in solemn procession ( the
bride, or to the bridegroom); pass.
zuffat il to be married off to, be
given in marriage to; to conduct in solemn
procession to her new home ( the bride,
also said of the bridegroom); to inform (
s.o., of s.th.), tell ( s.th. to s.o.)
( bur) to bring glad zaqzaqa ( zaqzaqa) to peep, chirp,
tidings to
zaffa procession (of people),
wedding procession; -- one time;
zaffatan once (= marratan)
ziff wedding, wedding ceremony
lailat az-z. wedding night
zaff ostrich; fleet, swift (camel)
zaff sough(ing) (of the wind)
mizaffa bridal sedan
II to smear with pitch, to pitch; to asphalt
( a road)
zift pitch; asphalt
(qarn) (lit., pitch and tar) unpleasant,
annoying, awkward; damned (bad luck)!
O mizfata pl. mazfit2
asphalting machine
tazft asphalting
2
zafara i (zafr, zafr) to sigh
deeply, heave deep sighs; to pant, groan,
moan; 378 to blow off, exhaust, puff out (
air, breath)
zafra pl. zafart sigh, moan
zafr exhaling, exhalation,
expiration; sighing, moaning, moans; see
also alphabetically
2
II to soil with grease begrime ( s.th.)
zafar grease, greasy food
talt az-z. Mardi Gras, Shrove
Tuesday (Chr.)
zafir greasy; grimy; unclean, dirty,
filthy; stinking, rancid, rank
zafzafa soughing, whistling (of the wind)
zafana i to dance, gambol
zafr zephyr cloth
zaqqa u (zaqq) to feed ( its young ones;
of a bird)
ziqq pl. azqq, ziqq,
zuqqn skin (as a receptacle)
zuqq m. and f., pl. aziqqa
lane, alley; strait, corridor (geogr.)
cheep; to feed ( its young ones; of a
bird); to dandle, rock in ones arms ( a
child)
zaqzq pewit, lapwing
az-zaqzq2 Zagazig (city in N
Egypt)
1
zuqla and zuqlya (eg.) club, cudgel,
truncheon
2
zaqla pl. zaqil2 narrow road, path,
trail
zaqama u (zaqm) to swallow gulp, gobble (
food) IV to make ( s.o.) swallow or
gulp down ( s.th.) VIII izdaqama =
I
zaqqm zaqqum, an infernal tree
with exceedingly bitter fruit, mentioned in
the Koran
) )zaq u to cry, crow, peep, cheep
zuq crowing (of a rooster)
zakaba u ( zukb) to fill up, fill (
s.th.)
zakba pl. zakib2 (eg.)
sack, bag, gunny sack
zukra pl. zukar small (wine)skin; -- a
wind instrument resembling the oboe
(tun.)
pass. zukima to catch a cold
zukm (common) cold, catarrh
zakma (common) cold, catarrh
 zakna flair; intuition
( and ( zak u ( zak) to thrive; zullyt proteins ( mawdd2)
to grow, increase; to be pure in heart, be
just, righteous, good; to be fit, suitable (
for s.o.), befit ( s.o.); --zakiya a to grow,
increase II to increase, augment, make
grow ( s.th.); to purify, chasten ( s.th.);
to justify, vindicate ( s.o.), vouch for, or
bear witness to, s.o.s ( )integrity, declare
( s.o.) honest, upright or just, attest the
honorable record of s.o. ( ;)to attest the
truth, validity or credibility of s.th. ( ;)to
command, praise ( s.o.); to recommend
IV to cause to grow; to grow ( s.th.) V to
be purified, be chastened
zaky pl. azkiy2 pure; 2
chaste; guiltless, blameless, sinless; also =
daky, e.g., )
zak growth; (moral) purity,
integrity, honesty, righteousness
( ( zakh pl. zakan, to quake (earth)
zakawt purity; justness, integrity,
honesty; justification, vindication; alms-
379 giving, alms, charity; alms tax (Isl.
Law) z. al-fir obligatory
donation of foodstuffs required at the end
of Ramadan, the month of fasting
azk purer; more befitting, more
appropriate; better
tazkiya purification, chastening;
pronouncement of s.o.s integrity or
credibility; attentation of (a witness)
honorable record (Isl. Law)
zalla (1st pers. perf. zalaltu) i (zall) and zalla
(1st pers. perf. zaliltu) a ( zalal) to slip;
to make a mistake, commit an error, a slip;
to slide off s.o. (), fail to affect s.o. (;
said of evil) IV to cause ( s.o.) to slip; to
make ( s.o.) stumble or trip
zall a kind of reed (syr.)
zalla slip, lapse z. lisn
slip of the tongue
zalal slip, slipping; lapse; mistake,
error, oversight
zull cold water z. al-
bai white of egg, albumen
zull albuminous;
proteins
zalbiya pl. -t a kind of doughnut
cooked in oil and sprinkled with sugar
1
zalaja a ( zulj) and zalija a to slip; to
slide along, glide along V do.
( talj) to skate VII = V
zalj slippery
zalj slippery
mizlaj pl. mazlij2 skate
mizlj pl. mazlj2 (sliding)
bolt (on a door)
zulaij faence, ornamental tile
zulaij faience, ornamental tile
zalzala to shake, rook, convulse,
cause to tremble ( s.th., s.o.); pass.
zulzila also: to waver, stumble II tazalzala
zalzala pl. zalzil earthquake
zalzl, zilzl concussion, shock,
convulsion; earthquake
zalaa u to swallow, gulp down, gobble (
s.th.) II to strip, undress ( s.o.) V to
undress, strip
zul nakedness, nudity
zala (coll.; n. un. ( )eg.) gravel,
pebbles; road metal, ballast
zala pl. zila (eg.) a kind of tall clay
jar
zalm pl. zalm2 gullet, throat
zalafa u (zalf, zalaf, zalf) to
approach ( s.o. or s.th.), advance (
toward), go near II to exaggerate, blow up
( a report, in) IV to bring near, bring
close ( s.o., s.th.) V to flatter ( s.o.),
fawn ( upon s.o.), curry favor, ingratiate
o.s. ( with s.o., also )VIII
izdalafa to flatter
zalaf servile flattery, sycophancy,
toadyism, bootlicking
zulfa and zulf servile flattery,
sycophancy, toadyism, bootlicking
mutazallif sycophant, toady,
bootlicker
 zaliqa a (zalaq) and zalaqa u (zalq) to
glide, slide; to slip II to make slippery (
s.th.); to slip, glide ( s.th. into) IV to
cause ( s.o.) to slip ( bi-
baarih) to look at s.o. sternly or
disapprovingly V and VII to glide, slide;
to skid, slither, slide ( into s.th.), to slip;
to ski; to skate ( talj) 380 to
ski; to skate VII to slip from s.o.s ()
hand, from s.th. ()
zaliq slippery
zalqa (n. vic.) slip, skid, slideslip
zalqa slipperiness
zallqa pl. -t sleigh, sledge, sled;
toboggan; toboggan chute, sledding
course; gutter, eaves trough
mazlaq pl. mazliq2 slippery
spot; slide, chute; esp. pl. treacherous,
perilous ground, pitfalls, dangers, perils
mazlaqn (dual) (loading) ramp;
gradient, ramp, driveway, access road
mizlaq skate; a pair of skates
O ( ajalt) roller skate
mizlaqa pl. mazliq2 sleigh,
sledge, sled; toboggan
inzilq slipping, sliding,
skidding; skiing; skating
munzaliq: sliding door instrument resembling the oboe
1
zalam pl. azlm arrow without head
and feathers, used in divination
2
zullma, zallma pl. zallim2 trunk izmr2 Izmir, Smyrna (seaport in W
(of an elephant)
zamma u (zamm) to tie up, fasten, tighten (
s.th.); to truss up ( s.th.) ( bi-
anfih) to turn up ones nose, be
supercilious II to bridle ( a camel), put
the bridle ( on a camel)
zimm pl. azimma camel
halter, nose rope of the camel; rein, bridle;
halter; day hook; register; ground, land
under his supervision, under his
direction, z. al-amr reins of
power, to hold the reins
of power in ones hand, be in control of
power, wield power; tawall zamaa to escape, slip away
z. al-ukm to seize the reins of power,
assume power
V to be prim, sedate, staid
tazammut primness gravity,
sedateness
mutazammit grave, stern, staid,
sedate (character); prim; narrow-minded
J'!-j zam;ara (;j~j zam;ara) to .oold, to
storm, rage, rave
zamjara ( zamjara) to scold; to
storm, rage, rave
1
zamara i u (zamr, zamr) to blow,
play (a wind instrument) II do.
zamr blowing, playing (of a wind
instrument)
zamr pl. zumr a wind
instrument resembling the shoe; horn (of
an automobile; syr.)
zumra pl. zumar troop; group
(of people); blood group
zammr player (on a wind
instrument), piper
zammra, zummra pl.
zammr2 (eg.) a wood-wind instrument
consisting of two pipes, related to the
clarinet; siren z. al-indr
warning siren
mizmr single-pipe wood-wind
mazmr pl. mazmr2
psalm
2
Turkey)
zumurrud emerald
zumurrud emerald(-colored)
zamzama to rumble, roll (thunder); to
murmur
zamzam copious, abundant (esp.
water); Zemzem, name of a well in Mecca
zamzamya water flasak,
canteen; O thermos bottle
zamzama pl. zamzim2 roll
of thunder; roar of a lion 381
II end IV to determine ( on), decide,
resolve, be determined ( to do s.th.)
 muzmi determined, rseolved; --
muzma and decided; imminent;
forthcoming, prospective zamhara to become red, flushed, blood-
... al-mutamar al-m. aqduh f the
conference which is to be held on (with
following date)
1
III to keep ( s.o.) company, be s.o.s ()
companion, be a colleague or associate (
of s.o. in s.th.); to accompany ( s.o.) VI
to be comrades, be close companions
zumla party, company (of people)
zaml pl. zumal2
companion, crony, associate, comrade;
colleague; accomplice
zamila pl. -t (woman)
companion; (woman) colleague; sister
ship
zamla comradeship;
colleagueship; fellowship
(dirsya) scholarship, stipend (ir.)
2
izml pl. azml2 chisel
zamina a ( zamna) to be chronically
ill IV to stay long, remain ( at a place);
to last long; to be chronic (disease)
zaman pl. azmn time; period,
stretch of time; duration; zamanan for
some time
zamana period or time
zamin, zamn pl. zamn
chronically ill
zamn pl. azmina time; 1
duration; fortune, late, destiny
for some time (past), for quite a while;
always, ever; ahl z. his
contemporaries
zaman temporal, time (adj.);
worldly, earthly; passing, transient,
transitory; secular mines with zanika a (zanak) to turn rancid
time fuse; ( qunbula) time bomb
zamn temporal, time; worldly,
earthly; passing, transient, transitory;
secular
zamanya and zamnya drill; -- zand, zind (pl. zund) ulna
period or time, given time
zamna chronic illness
muzmin lasting, enduring, long,
lived; old, deep-seated, inveterate; chronic
shot IV izmaharra do.
zamharr bitter cold, severe frost
zanna u (zann) to buzz, drone (insect)
zann buzz(ing), drone
zanaa to be limited, be restricted, be
confined, be curbed, be suppressed II to
restrict, keep within bounds, beset, harry,
drive in a corner ( s.o.)
II tazanbara to display proud, haughty
manners ( toward s.o.)
zunbr pl. zanbr2 hornet
zanbarak, zunburuk, zunburak pl.
(metal) spring; spiral spring; cock (of a
rifle, etc.)
zanbaq (coll.; n. un. )pl. zanbiq2
lily; iris (bot.)
zanbalik =
zanbl, zinbl pl. zanbl2 basket
made of palm leaves
zintr dysentery
zanj, zinj (coll.) pl. zunj Negro(es)
zanj, zinj Negro (adj. and n.)
zanjabr Zanzibar (island and seaport of
E African coast) 382
zanjabl ginger
zanjara to flip, snap (with the fingers)
2
zinjr verdigris
zunjufr, zinjafr cinnabar
zinjr pl. zanjr2 chain
double-entry bookkeeping
zanik rancid, rank
zand m. and f., pl. zind, zund
stick of a fire drill, a primitive device for
kindling fire; by extension, the whole fire
(anat.); forearm
zind pl. aznida fire steel; cock,
hammer (of a rifle, etc.) ajar
az-zind flint
 II tazandaqa to be a freethinker, an
atheist
zandaqa atheism
zindq pl. zandiqa zendik, s.th.); jndifference ( to, esp. to worldly
unbeliever, freethinker, atheist
II: ( bi-ainih) to glare at s.o. asceticism
zunnr and zunnra pl.
2
zannr belt, girdle; sash; band or
rope worn around the waist; cross stripe,
traverse band
zinzna pl. -t prison cell (eg.)
zanzalakt China tree (Melia azedarach;
bot.)
zinrya dysentery
zanaqa i (rang) to tighten, constrict (
s.th.); to hobble ( an animal) II to keep
on short rations, scrimp ( s.o.), be
stingy, tight-fisted ( toward)
zanaqa (magr. zanga) pl. zinaq
narrow street, lane, alley, dead-end street
zinq neckband, collar
zink zinc
zanmarda virago, termagant
zanm low, despised, ignoble, mean;
bastard; stranger, outsider
zan i ( , zinan, zin) to commit
adultery, fornicate, whore
zinan adultery; fornication
zin adultery; fornication
znin pl.; zunh fornicator,
adulterer
zniya pl. zawnin2 whore,
harlot; adulteress
zahada a, zahida a and zahuda u (zuhd) to
abstain ( from, also ,), renounce,
abandon, foresake ( s.th., also ),
withdraw ( from), refuse to have
anything to do with ( (
(duny) to renounce pleasure in
worldly things, become an ascetic, lead a
pious, ascetic life II to induce ( s.o.) to
withdraw or abstain ( from); to spoil
s.o.s ( )pleasure in (), arouse a dislike (
in s.o. for) V to practice asceticism,
withdraw from the world X to deem little,
insignificant, trifling, small
zuhd (voluntary) renunciation ( of
things); abstemiousness, abstinence;
asceticism ( duny)
zahd little, low, moderate (esp.
price), insignificant, peltry, trifling. small;
a little, a small amount ( of)
zahda smallness, lowness,
moderateness
tazahhud asceticism, life of
retirement devoted to the service of God
zhid pl. zuhhd abstemious,
abstinent, continent, self-denying; ascetic
383
zahara a ( zuhr) to shine, give light,
be radiant IV to glow, gleam, glare, shine;
to blossom, be in bloom (plant, flower)
VIII izdahara to shine brightly, be
radiant; to blossom, be in bloom; to
flourish, prosper, thrive
zahr, (coll.; n. un. )pl. zuhr,
azhur, azhr, azhir2,
azhr2 flowers; blossoms; --cast iron
(also ( z. at-tlt
pansy; primrose;
al-asal honeysuckle; z. al-lulu
daisy; orange-flower water
zahra (n. un.) pl. t flower,
blossom; splendor, beauty
zuhra brilliancy, light, brightness;
beauty bluing
az-zuhara the planet Venus
zuharzi syphilis
venereal diseases
zuhrya pl. -t flower vase
zahhr, florist
zahrw gay, merry, cheerful
(person)
azhar2 shining, luminous, radiant,
brilliant; bright; -- (elative) more radiant
sun and moon; and
Al Azhar Mosque and
University in Cairo
 azhar of or pertaining to Al
Azhar; (pl. -n) Azhar student
mizhar pl. mazhir2 ancient
Arabic variety of the lute; (now
pronounced mazhar) a kind of tambourine
(eg.)
mazharya flowerpot
tazhr bloom, florescence
izhr florescence
izdihr flourishing, florescence,
bloom, heyday
zhir shining, luminous, radiant,
brilliant; bright
muzhir blooming, in bloom;
shining, luminous, bright
zahafa a ( zuhf): to favorable and a pejorative sense)
be on the verge of death VIII
do.
zahaqa a (zahq, zuhq) to die, pass
away, run out, come to nothing;
(nafsuh) and ( ruh) to give
up the ghost, die; to weary, become tired (
of s.th.), be disgusted ( with s.th.) IV
to bring about the ruin or downfall of s.th.
( ;)to destroy, annihilate ( s.th.); ((
to be disgusting, be revolting
zuhq dying, passing, bound to
vanish
zuhm offensive smell
zahm malodorous, fetid
zuhma offensive smell
zuhma offensive smell
) )zah u (zahw) to blossom, flower, be
in bloom; to grow, thrive; to shine
brightly, be radiant, glow, gleam; to give
o.s. airs, be haughty, conceited; to pride
o.s. ( upon, both in a favorable and a
pejorative sense); pass. zuhiya to be
proud, conceited ( of), pride o.s. ( on),
boast ( of), vaunt ( s.th.) IV to
blossom, flower, be in bloom; to grow,
thrive; to give o.s. airs, be conceited, be
boastful VIII izdah and pass.
uzduhiya to be self-satisfied, complacent,
conceited, proud; izdah to shine ( at, in
s.th.), have ( an accomplishment) to
show; to boast ( of s.th.), vaunt ( s.th.)
zahw and zuhuw bloom,
florescence; splendor; beauty; pride;
haughtiness, arrogance; vanity, a vain or
futile thing or things; fun, play,
amusement 384
zahy brilliant, splendid,
magnificent, gorgeous, sumptuous
zah radiance, brilliancy,
splendor
zuh number, amount; zuha
roughly, about, some (with foll. figure)
azh more flourishing; prouder,
more conceited
izdih bloom, florescence,
flourishing; heyday; shining; glittering,
splendor, radiance; pride (both in a
zhin shining, brilliant, radiant,
resplendent; glowing; splendid, gorgeous,
magnificent, gaudy, beautiful
mazhw proud ( of); haughty,
supercilious, vainglorious; cocky,
overbearing
see
2
II to pair, couple ( or s.th. with),
join in pairs or couples ( s.th.); to
double, geminate ( s.th.); to employ
parallelism (rhet.); to marry off, give in
marriage ( a girl to s.o.) III to
form a pair or couple; to use in parallel
construction, join in a pair ( two words,
rhet.); to marry, join in wedlock, unite in
matrimony ( -- s.o. with) V to get
married ( , with), marry (, ,
s.o.) VI to intermarry; to pair, come
together forming a pair, be in pairs, be
double VIII izdawaja to pair, he in
pairs, be double, appear twice
zauja pl. azwj one of a pair;
husband; wife; mate, partner; couple, pair
(also, e.g., of shoes); dual couple
zauja pl. -t wife
zja marriage, wedding
zauj in pairs, paired; double;
marital, matrimonial, conjugal; doubles
(tennis)
 zj marital, matrimonial,
conjugal, connubial
zaujya pl. -t matrimony,
marriage
zawj marriage ( with);
wedding; matrimony, wedlock
wahdat az-z. monogamy
mizwj frequently marrying
tazwj marrying off (of a woman,
to)
zawj doubling, duplication;
parallelism (rhet.)
muzwaja pairing, coupling,
close union (of two things)
tazawwuj marriage
tazwuj intermarriage
izdiwj pairedness doubleness; O
coupling (el.) ( arb) ahdat az-z. false testimony
double taxation
mutazawwij married
muzdawij double, twofold, two-
(e.g., of a railroad: two-track)
2
look up alphabetically
) )za u = ( ( za i ziyra pl. -t visit; call (social, of
II to supply with provisions ( s.o.),
provision ( , s.o. with); to provide,
supply, equip ( s.o., s.th. with); to
endow ( s.o. with); to enrich ( s.th.
with) IV to supply with provisions ( s.o.)
V to be supplied (with provisions); to take
along provisions (on a journey); to learn (
from s.o.); to provide o.s., supply o.s
equip o.s. ( with)
zd pl. azwd, azwida
provisions, supplies, stores
zawd provisions
zuwwda provisions
mizwad pl. mazwid2, guest
mazid2 provision bag, haversack 385
mazda provision bag, haversack
tazwd supply, purveyance ( of).
provision, equipment ( with); manning
(of ships)
pl. see z. a-aid fishing boat;
muzawwid pl. -n contractor,
supplier, furnisher, purveyor, victualer,
caterer
muzawwad provided, supplied,
furnished ( with); equipped ( with);
armed ( with guns) ; conneoted ( with),
attended, accompanied ( by)
) )zra u (zaur, ziyra) to visit (
s.o.), call ( on s.o.), pay a visit ( to); to
afflict ( s.o.) II to forge, falsify,
counterfeit ( s.th.); to fake, simulate VI to
exchange visits IX to turn aside, turn
away, dissociate o.s. ( from); to be
averse ( to s.th.); to turn s.o.
away, alienate s.o. ( from) X to desire
s.o.s ( )visit
zaur upper part of the chest; throat
sore throat
zr lie, untruth; falsehood
zr force by force, forcibly
zawar inclination, obliqueness,
slant; crookedness; falseness; perfidy,
insidiousness; squint
zaura (n. vic.) pl. -t visit, call
a doctor)
azwar2, f. zaur2, pl. zr
inclined, slanting, oblique; crooked,
curved; squint-eyed, cross-eyed
mazr pl. -t place which one
visits; shrine, sanctuary
tazwr forgery, falsification
( sanadt) falsification of
documents
izwirr turning away;
averseness, aversion, dislike, distaste
zir pl. -n, zuwwr, f.
zira pl. -t, zuwwar visitor, caller,
mazr visited
muzawwar forged, false,
counterfeit; obtained by swindle, faked
zauraq pl. zawriq2 boat, rowboat,
skiff ( bukhr) steam launch;
 z. an-najh lifeboat; O
torpedo boat
1
) )zga u (zaug, zawagn) to
turn aside, depart, deviate ( from),
swerve; to deviate from truth, to swindle;
see also VI to turn aside, swerve
2
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zf, zf hyssop (bot.)
1
II to adorn, embellish, ornament,
decorate ( s.th.); to picture, visualize (
a story, in ones imagination)
zawq embellishment, adornment,
ornamentation; decoration; finery, attire;
face painting, make-up, cosmetics
muzawwaq adorned, embellished,
ornamented, decorated; florid, flowery
(speech); dressed up, meretricious, showy,
gaudy
2 application (to); assiduous study; practice
look up alphabetically
)and )zla (1st pers. perf. zultu) u (
zawl) to go away, withdraw ( or
from), abandon, leave ( or s.o. or
s.th.); to disappear, vanish; to abate, calm
down, die down, come to an end; to go
down, set; -- (1st pers. perf. ziltu) a (zail)
to cease (with negations only) of :
( gaab) his wrath abated;
to cease to exist; -- of : with ) )zma u (eg.) to growl, snarl (dog) II
neg. ( yazal), to mumble, mutter
equivalent to Engl. still, yet:
(afaluh) I have not ceased to do it, I
(am) still do(ing) it; he is still 1
standing, he has not ceased to be
or to remain in, he is still in;
he is still in need of it, he still needs it;
( dikrin) he still s.th., e.g., the eyebrows), to remove (
remembers him II zawwala to remove,
eliminate ( s.th.), -- zayyala to
separate, break up, disperse, scatter (
s.th.) III zwala to pursue ( s.th.),
devote o.s. apply o.s. ( to); -- zyala
to separate, part ( from), leave, quit,
abandon ( s.o., s.th.); to separate
( s.th.) to move out of the
house, leave the house IV to cause to
cease or stop, make disappear or vanish (
s.th.), to remove, eliminate ( s.th.), put
an end ( to s.th.), do away ( with s.th.),
make a clean sweep ( of s.th.) VI
tazyala to be disjointed, incoherent; to
pass away, cease, stop
zaul pl. azwl person, body,
figure, nightly apparition, specter, ghost,
phantom, spirit
zawl end, passage, extinction,
disappearance, vanishing, cessation;
setting (of the sun); noon
ephemeral, evanescent, fleeting,
in the afternoon; around noon, by
noon; ka az-z. meridian
zawl: atfour
oclock in the afternoon, at four p.m.
zlya pl. zawl (ir., saud.)
knotted rug
mizwala pl. mazwil2
sundial
muzwala pursuit (of s.th.),
(of some work, of a profession)
izla removal, elimination
zil transitory, passing,
evanescent, fleeting, ephemeral, short-
lived
zljiy zoology
zlj zoologic(al)
zm pl. azwm juice, sap
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2
ziwn, zuwn = ( q.v.)
zaw i to contract, wrinkle, knit (
s.th.); to hide, conceal ( s.th.)
( ainaihi) he knitted his eye-brows,
he frowned (in anger, and the like) II and
V to withdraw into a corner, go into
seclusion, retire VII do., to keep to o.s.,
live in seclusion or retirement
( jildih) to crawl inside o.s. (out of
shame, and the like)
inziw retirement, seclusion,
isolation
zwiya pl. zawy corner,
nook; angle (math.); a small mosque,
prayer room; (North Afr.) small cupolaed
 mosque erected over the tomb of a zaitn olivaceous, olive-colored,
Muslim saint, with teaching facilities and olive-green; (pl. -n) student of the Great
a hospice attached to it, usually the Mosque of Tunis
establishment of a religious order zaitnya, aad az-az.
( dda) acute angle, Palm Sunday (Cop.-Chr.)
external angle, mutasw az-
z. equiangular, ( munfarija) mazyata oil can, oiler
obtuse angle, right angle, muzayyat oiled
ajar az-z. cornerstone; 1
( muktalifa) from different angles zj leveling line (used by masons);
(i.e., aspects) ephemeris, astronomical almanac
2
munzawin seclusive, secluding; zja and zj see
retired, secluded, outlying, remote, out-of- ) )za i (zai, zuy, zayan) to
the-way, obscure go away, depart, leave IV to remove, drive
II zayy to dress, clothe, costume ( away, banish ( s.th.), do away with (;)
s.o. in) V tazayy to dress, put to take away ( s.th.); to pull away, throw
on a dress or costume; to dress up, back ( a curtain, a veil, etc., from
smarten o.s. up, to be dressed, be clad ( s.th.) to reveal, disclose s.th.;
in), wear ( th.) 387 ( timtl) to unveil a
monument VII to go away, depart, leave;
ziyy pl. azy clothing, dress, to be pulled away, be thrown back
apparel, attire; O uniform; outward (curtain)
appearance, make-up; costume; style of
dress, manner of dressing; fashion; zh pl. azy (straight) line
exterior, guise, form, shape zayy pl. -t religious procession
fashionable, modish, stylish
iza removal, abolition
zbaq (= zibaq) quicksilver, unveiling (of a monument)
mercury
) )zda i ( ziyda) to become greater,
II to oil, lubricate, grease ( a become more, grow, increase, be
machine, and the like); to add oil ( to compounded, multiply; to be greater, be
some food) more, amount to more ( or than),
zait pl. zuyt oil (edible, fuel, exceed ( or s.th., an amount, by),
motor oil, etc.) ( rr) linseed go beyond an amount or number ( ;)to
oil; ( ulw) sweet oil, oil free of augment, increase, compound ( s.th.),
hydrogen sulfide; z. al-t cod- make ( s.th.) grow or increase; to step
liver oil; z. al-kirwa castor oil; up, raise ( s.th., s.th. to); to add
z. as-samak cod-liver oil; ( s.th. to); to add, make additions (
lubricating oil; fuel to), enlarge ( s.th.); to extend,
oil; z. al-gz kerosene expand, further, advance, promote,
intensify ( or s.th.); to give more (
zait oily, oil (adj.), oil-bearing to s.o. of s.th.) it is no more
or ( ra, laua) oil than ... , it is only .. ; he added (in
painting speech followed by quotation);
zayyt oil dealer, oilman (zid) (prop.: add to it that ...) in addition to
that there is ..., whats more, there is ...;
zaitn (coll.; n. un. )olive tree; furthermore, moreover; ( ilman) to
olive(s) aad az-z. Palm tell s.o. more about it, supply s.o. with
Sunday (Chr.); jabal az-z. more information II to increase, augment,
Mount of Olives (Jerusalem) compound, make grow m to make a
zaitna (n. un.) pl. -t olive tree; higher bid ( than s.o.), outbid ( s.o.; at an
olive the Zaitouna Mosque auction) V to increase; to nee, go up
(large mosque and university in Tunis) (prices); to make additions, add
embellishments of ones own, exaggerate
(in telling s.th.); to be long-winded,
verbose ( ilm,
marifa) to acquire additional knowledge,
increase ones knowledge VI 388 to
outbid one another; to increase gradually,
be growing; to become more intense,
intensify; to become more and more,
exceed more and more ( s.th.) VIII
izdda to grow, be growing, increase, be
compounded, multiply
(bukan) he wept more and more X to
demand more, ask for more, go up with
ones demands; to try to achieve more; to
aim or work at an increase, expansion or
extension ( of); to ask ( s.o.) to give
more of s.th.
az-zaidya a Shiitic group
forming an independent commonwealth
(Yemen)
az-zuyd the Zaidites, adherents
of the Zaidiya sect
ziyda increase, increment,
accretion, growth; surplus, overplus,
excess; increase, augmentation, raising,
stepping up; enhancement, elevation,
intensification; extra pay, allowance (in
addition to the salary); addition;
ziydatan in addition, additionally
( ziydatan) over and above, beyond, in
excess of; regardless of; aside from;
ammalah z. an
taammulihi he loaded him with more
than he could carry;
(ziydatan) moreover, besides; 1
excess of births; ( ) in 2
order to make it even clearer, for further
elucidation
azyad2 more excessive, higher,
greater, bigger
mazd pl. -t auction, public sale
mazd an exceeding ( of s.th.);
excess, superabundance; high degree,
large extent; utmost, maximum; (with foll.
genit.) excessive, extreme, utmost,
highest, greatest, superlative; pass. partic.
of I: increased, etc.; the derivative stems
of the verb (gram.) bi-m. i-
ukr with many, many thanks;
bi-m. il-asaf with the greatest regret;
with extreme satisfaction;
it is unsurpassable, its not to be
outdone
muzyada pl. -t auction, public
sale
tazayyud exaggeration (in
reporting), ones own embellishments or
additions, fables, yarn
tazyud (gradual) increase,
increment, growth
izdiyd increase, growth, rise,
intensification
istizda a striving for more;
pursuit of an increase, expansion or
extension; desire or request for more
( yabqa, li-mustazdin)
there is nothing to be added, nothing more
need be said about it
zid increasing, growing;
excessive, immoderate; exceeding (
s.th.), in excess ( of); additional, extra,
supernumerary more than
necessary, surplus
zida pl. zawid2
appendage, appendix (anat., zool., bot.);
outgrowth (med.) ( miawya)
and ( ddya) vermiform
appendix (anat.)
muzyid pl. -n bidder, outbidder
(at an auction)
mutazyid steadily increasing,
swelling
II (mor.) to close ( a button)
zr pl. azyr, ziyr (eg., magr.)
large, almost conical jar, made of porous
clay, for storing water
3
zr the highest string of stringed
instruments (mus.) 389
zz (coll.; n. un. )pl. zzn
cicada; chrysalis
zaizafn jujube (Zizyphus; bot.);
linden tree
1
) )zga i (zaig, zayagn) to turn
aside; to depart, deviate ( from); to
swerve; to turn away ( from), turn ones
back ( on); to wander, stray, roam
(eyes) IV to cause ( s.th.) to deviate
 ( baarah) he looked past zna pl. -t embellishment,
me, he snubbed me adornment, ornament, decoration; cloth.,
attire, finery; toilette z. al-wajh
zaig and zayagn a turning
make-up; bait az-z. beauty shop;
aside; deviation, departure ( from)
ornamental tress;
( sadd) erring and doing right,
nabtt az-z. ornamental plants;
wrong and right
kuwn az-z. dressing table;
zig deviating, divergent; false, gurfat az-z. dressing room
wrong, distorted, perverted
zayyn beautiful
(nazart) wandering glances
2 ziyn embellishment, adornment,
look up alphabetically
decoration; ornament
) )zfa i (zaif) to be false, be spurious
ziyna barbers or hairdressers
II to counterfeit ( money); to declare (
trade
s.th.) to be false or spurious
tazyn adorning, decoration,
zaif falseness; pride; (pl.
ornamentation; make-believe, sham,
zuyf) false, spurious, forged, counterfeit
pretense
azyaf2 falser, more spurious
muzayyin barber, hairdresser
tazyf falsification, forgery,
muzayyin decorated, ornamented,
counterfeiting
adorned ( with); graced ( with)
zif false; forged, counterfeit,
muzdn decorated, ornamented,
spurious false reports;
counterfeit money adorned ( with); graced ( with)
2
muzayyif forger, counterfeiter look up alphabetically

muzayyaf forged; counterfeit, zink zinc 390

false, spurious; pseudo-

1
II (eg.) to creak, screech
2
zq pl. azyq collar, neckband;
border, hem (of a garment)
) )and II, III, VI see sa shortened form of saufa (q.v.)
1
) )zna i (zain) to decorate, adorn ( stn satin
s.th.) II to adorn, decorate, embellish, sj pl. sjn teak, Indian oak
ornament ( s.th.); to grace ( s.o.,
sjn castanets
s.th.);to shave ( s.o.); ( nafsah)
to make herself up (lady); to paint in sda simple; plain, unicolored, uniform
glowing tones, present in a favorable light, (fabric) ( qahwa) unsweetened
extol ( s.th. to s.o.); to conjure up ( coffee
s.th., before s.o.s eyes), create visions see 2
( of s.th., in s.o.s mind), lead s.o. ()
to believe ( that); to give ( s.o.) the idea saira a to remain, be left
( to do s.th.), suggest ( to s.o. to do sur pl. asr rest, remainder,
s.th.) V to be decorated, be adorned; to remnant, leftover (esp. of food and
dress up, smarten o.s. up, spruce up, preen beverages)
o.s.; to shave, get a shave VIII
izdna to be decorated, be adorned; to be sura rest, remainder, remnant,
graced leftover (esp. of food and beverages);
vestige of youthful vigor
zain beauty; beautiful, nice, pretty
sir remaining; rest, remainder;
(with foll. det. genit.) all

as-ssnyn the Sassanidae, a sm Shem (eldest son of Noah)
dynasty of Persian kings (226-651 A.D.)
sg sago
sk, sack coat, lounge jacket 2
saala a ( sul, masala, weary, tired ( or of s.th.), be bored,
tasl) to ask ( or s.o. s.th. or about
s.th.); to inquire ( of s.o. about); to ask
( or s.o. for s.th.), request, demand,
claim ( or from s.o. s.th.)
saalah illa to implore, adjure s.o. that he
...; to ask s.o. about s.o. else;
( rayah) to ask s.o.s opinion,
consult s.o.; to ask s.o. a
question; ( yusalu) he is responsible,
answerable ( for) III to ask, question,
interrogate ( s.o.); to call ( s.o.) to
account IV ( asalah) to fulfill sabba u (sabb) to insult, abuse, call names,
s.o.s wish, comply with s.o.s request V
tasaala and tasawwala to beg VI to
ask; to ask o.s.; to ask one another;
) )to ask o.s. whether (about); to
inquire ( about)
sul demand, request, wish
sula demand, request, wish
sul pl. asila question ( the bottom ( or of), be to blame (
about); request ( for); inquiry (
about); demand, claim
sal given to asking questions,
inquisitive, curious
sal given to asking questions,
inquisitive, curious
) )masala pl. masil2 VIII = VI
question; issue, problem; matter, affair,
case; request
musala questioning,
interrogation
tasawwu1 begging, beggary
tasul (self-directed) question;
questioning
sil pl. n, sul, saala
questioner; petitioner; beggar
masl responsible, answerable,
accountable ( for)
maslya pl. -t responsibility (
for)
mutasawwil pl. -n beggar
1
sm Semitic; (pl. -n) Semite
al-l-smya anti-Semitism
saima a ( sam, sama) to be
fed up ( or with s.th.); to dislike,
detest, loathe ( doing s.th.), have an 391
aversion ( to doing s.th.) IV to cause or
arouse weariness or boredom ( in s.o.),
weary, bore ( s.o.)
saim weary, tired, bored
sam disgusted, weary, fed up
sama weariness, disgust,
boredam, ennui
revile ( s.o.), rail ( at); to curse ( s.o.); to
blaspheme, curse, swear II to cause,
provoke, arouse, produce, bring about,
effect, occasion ( s.th.), give occasion (
to s.th.) III to exchange insults or abusive
language ( with s.o.) V to be caused, be
produced ( by), be the consequence or
result ( of), follow, arise, spring, result (
from); to be the reason or cause, be at
for), be instrumental ( in); to seek
reason or motives ( for s.th.); to
account, give a reason or explanation (
for), justify, motivate ( s.th.); to use (
s.th.) as a means ( for); to trade, be in
the retail business VI to insult each other,
call one another names, rail at each other
sabb abuse, vituperation, insults,
cursing
sabba period of time, (long) while
sibba: s. al-lam Passion
Week (Chr.)
subba disgrace, shame, dishonor
sabab pl. asbb rope, tent
rope; means for obtaining s.th.; reason,
cause, motive, occasion (with fall. genit.
or : of); means of subsistence; (esp. pl.)
relations (between people) main
reason; a. al-ukm opinion
(jur.); luxury; bi-sababi
because of, on account of, due to, by;
because of that, for that reason,
 therefore; ( sababa) to be the
cause of s.th., be to blame for s.th.;
( yarjiu) the reason is to be found
in ...; ( ara) to musbit lethargic, inactive,
adopt modern civilization;
(asbbah) to join forces with s.o.;
relations between ... are broken
out, they no longer have anything in
common; arah
asbba al-masarra to share s.o.s joy
sababya causality
sabbb abuser, vituperator, reviler
sabbba index finger
sabb pl. sabib2 strand of
hair
masabba pl. -t vilification, abuse,
insult
tasbb mediate causation (Isl.
Law)
sibb abuse, vituperation,
revilement
musbba abuse, vituperation,
revilement
musabbib causer, originator,
author; musabbibt causative
factors
musabbab caused ( by)
(sabab) cause and effect
mutasabbib causer; cause;
retailer, small storekeeper
sab and saba Sheba ( ) sab a good swimmer; swift and
d. aidiya (aydiya) sab they were
scattered to the four winds
sabnak, sabnik spinach
see
sabyis and sibh spahis, Algerian
native cavalry in the French army
1
sabata u to rest; to keep the Sabbath IV
to enter on the Sabbath 392
as-sabt pl. as-sabt
Sabbath, Saturday yaum as-s.
do.; s. an-nr Holy Saturday
(Chr.)
subt lethargy; slumber, sleep
subt lethargic
( mukk) encephalitis lethargica,
sleeping sickness (med.)
motionless
2
sabat pl. -t, asbita basket
3
sibitt dill (Anethum graveolens; bot.)
sibtambir September
sabaj jet (min.)
sabaa a (sab, siba) to swim (,
in); to float (fig.); to spread II to praise,
glorify ( allha, li-llhi God, by
saying subna llh praise the
Lord!); to praise, extol ( s.th.)
(amdih) to sing s.o.s praise, glorify s.o.
saba (n. un.) a swim, swimming
saba pl. subut,
suba beads of the Muslim rosary;
Muslim rosary; supererogatory salat (Isl.
Law)
suba, saba pl. subut,
sabat majesty (of God)
subutu wajhi llh the sublimity, or the
august splendor, or Gods countenance;
( sabat) lofty heights
subna llh exclamation of
surprise, etc. (prop.: praise the Lord! God
be praised!); God is far
above ..., God is beyond
sabb swimmer
smooth-running (lit.: floating; of horses)
siba (art of) swimming
masba pl. masbi2
swimming pool
misbaa pl. masbi2 rosary
tasb pl. -t, tasb2
glorification of God (by exclaiming
)
tasba pl. -t, tasb2
glorification of God; hymn, song of praise
tasbia hymn, song of praise
sbi pl. -n, subb,
suba2 swimmer; bather
lost in thought
 O sbia glider, sailplane, cargo
glider
sbit and sawbi2 liberal, openhanded, generous;
floating ones (epithet for race horses)
musabbia index finger
sabala glorification of God
sabaka u (sabk) to be sound asleep II do.;
to manure, fertilize ( al-ara the
land)
sabak dung, manure, fertilizer
( balad) manure
sabik briny (soil)
sabaka, sabka pl. sibk salt
marsh, salt swamp do.
sibk pl. asbika dung,
manure, fertilizer ( balad)
manure
sabk pl. sabik2 loose
(unspun) cotton
tasbk deep, sound sleep; O coma,
somnolence (med.)
sabara u i (sabr) to examine with a
probe, to probe ( a wound); to measure,
sound ( s.th., e.g., the depth); to fathom,
explore, examine ( s.th.)
to probe the depth of s.th., get to
the bottom of s.th., study s.th. thoroughly
sabr probing (of a wound);
fathoming, exploration, examination
sibr pl. subr probe (med.)
sabra slate; blackboard
misbar pl. masbir2 probe
(med.)
misbr pl. masbr2 probe
(med.)
sibs small wind instrument resembling the
oboe (eg.)
II tasabsaba to be lank (hair); to flow
(tears)
2
sabsaba pl. sabsib desert,
wasteland ( qafr) desert,
wasteland, desolate region
sabua u ( suba, saba) to be wide, widen ( s.th.); to make ( s.th.)
lank (hair)
sabi, sab, saba pl. sib lank
(hair) sab (sabi) al-yadain
s.
al-qma shapely, well-built, of graceful
stature
sib pl. asb grandson; tribe
(of the Israelites)
sabb pl. sabbt shoe
suba bunch, cluster (of fruit)
sb pl. sawb2 arcade,
roofed lane or street; archway
sb and (eg.) sub arcade,
roofed lane or street; archway
II to make sevenfold ( s.th.); to divide
into seven parts ( s.th.)
sab pl. asbu, sub,
suba predatory animal, beast of prey;
lion
sabu pl. siba predatory
animal, beast of prey; lion
saba (f. sab) seven;
sabata aara (f. saba arata)
seventeen
sub, subu pl. asb one-
seventh
sub consisting of seven parts;
seven-lettered, consisting of seven letters
sabn seventy
sabn septuagenarian
at-tajyama as-sabnya
the Septuagint
( Hebr. ebt) as-sabt
Shabuoth, the Feast of Weeks, or
Pentecost, of the Jews
usb pl. asb2 week
Passion Week (Chr.)
usb weekly; weekly,
by the week
usbya weekly feature (radio)
as-sbi the seventh
sabaga u a ( subg) to be long and
wide; to abound, be abundant IV to make
complete; to bestow amply ( upon s.o.,
s.th.), shower ( s.o. with); to lend,
 impart liberally ( to s.th. s.th.); to sabqa: s. al-qalam slip of
attribute, ascribe ( to s.o., qualities) the pen, lapsus calami
to perform the ritual ablution subqa stake (in a race)
properly (Isl. Law)
sabbq anticipatory; precursory;
sbig pl. sawbig2 long and triumphant fast train, express
loose-fitting (garment); full, complete, train; -- (pl. -n) precursor; winner in
perfect; excessive, abundant, ample contest; O race-car driver
sabaqa i u (sabq) to be, come, go, get, or asbaq2 earlier, antecedent;
act, before or ahead of s.o. or s.th. ( ), preceding, previous, prior; former, ex-
precede, antecede ( s.o., s.th., in place ( muqm) the ex-resident
and time), arrive before s.o. ( )at ( ;)to
outstrip, outdistance, leave behind ( asbaqya precedence, priority;
s.o., s.th.); to forestall ( s.th.); to seniority
anticipate (o s.th.); to do 394 or say s.th. ( sibq race (esp. of horses); contest
)spontaneously before one can be ( s. tatbu) 4X100 m
stopped; to turn spontaneously, relay race; race horse;
instinctively, without knowing why ( to )( albat (maidn) as-s. race
s.th.); to surpass, beat ( or s.o.) track; regatta, boat race;
( an faalah) he had already done s. at-tasallu arms race
it before; ( an qbalah) he
had met him before (paraphrasing the musbaqa pl. -t race (esp. of
pluperfect); ( qaulu) we have horses); contest; competition; emulation
previously (already) said that ...; tasbuq emulation; competition
( ukmu) he had been previously
sentenced to ; it happened to me sbiq pl. -n, subbq
before, I experienced before ( that); antecedent, preceding, foregoing,
I have never before ...; previous, prior; former, ex-; retired, ret.;
( as) there has never been one before, sbiqan formerly, previously
(which is) unprecedented; s. ( li-awnih) premature;
s-saifu l-adla (the sword anticipated formerly, at one time, once; as
censure, i.e.) one has to accept the before; as it was customary
accomplished fact, there is (was) nothing before; as usual; ( mablag,
one can (could) do about it, it is (was) arfuh) the payment already effected
already too late; ( lisnuh) to sbiqa precedence, priority;
burst out impulsively (with an utterance) previous case, precedent; previous, earlier
II to cause ( s.th.) to precede or publication of an author; pl.
antecede; to premise ( s.th.); to do or sawbiq2 antecedents; previous
give ( s.th.) prematurely III to try to get convictions ( or)
ahead of s.o. ( ;)to try to defeat or beat ( previously convicted; ( man)
s.o.), seek to get the better of s.o. ( ;)to (one) previously convicted; recidivous
race ( s.o.), run a race ( with s.o.); to criminal
compete, vie ( with s.o.) VI to try to get
sbiqya: s. al-qad
ahead of one another, seek to outdo one
premeditation (jur.)
another. compete, vie; to try to beat one
another ( to ) VIII = VI gair masbq unprecedented
sabaq antecedence; precedence, musabbaqan prematurely, in
priority s. al-isrr advance
premeditation, willfulness (jur.); musbiq pl. -n competitor;
mzat as-s. initiative; see contestant; racer, runner

mvla.tdbiq competitor;
sabaq pl. asbq stake (in a contestant
race)
 sabaka i u (sabk) to found, cast ( metal), as-sbila the passers-by
smelt ( ore); to form, shape, mold (
masbl lowered, down (curtain)
s.o.); to formulate ( s.th.); to polish the
style ( of s.th.) II to found, cast ( look up alphabetically
metal), smelt ( ore); to braise, stew ( ( eg.) sibinsa pl. -t caboose, brake van;
s.th.) VII to be poured into a mold, be cast baggage car (railroad)
sabk founding, outing; cast (also sabah dotage
fig., = arrangement); formulation (of an
expression); shaping, forming (of a aql masbh impaired mind
person) metallurgic (esp. due to old age), feeble-mindedness
industry; ( diqqa) accuracy, sabahlalan indifferently, aimlessly,
precision haphazardly, at random
sabbk smelter, founder sabhila people without work,
sibka founders trade and activity idlers, loafers
sabka pl. sabik2 ingot look up alphabetically
masbak pl. masbik2 foundry look up alphabetically
tasbk stewing, braising (in a ( Fr. sport) sbr sport(s)
covered dish, with scant moisture) sab i (saby, sib) to take prisoner,
II to dedicate to charitable purposes ( capture; to lead into captivity (esp. in
s.th.) IV to let ( s.th.) hang down; to let war); to captivate, fascinate, enchant,
fall, drop ( a curtain, drape, etc. charm, beguile, intrigue ( s.o., s.th.)
over); to close, shut ( the eyes); to shed VIII = I
( tears); to ear, form ears saby capture; captivity
sabal (coll.; n. un. )ears (of saby pl. saby captive,
cereals) prisoner( of war)
sabla manure, dung sabya (female) prisoner
sabala pl. sibl mustache sibdj white lead, ceruse
sabl m. and f., pl. subul, sibdj white lead, ceruse
asbila way, road, path; access; means,
expedient, possibility ( to, for; -- pl. abbreviation of sijill tijr
asbila) public fountain); -- pl. sibln) commercial register
clay pipe bowl, clay pipe (of the buttocks, backside 396
Bedouins) ibn as-s. vagabond, 1
sitta (f. sitt) six; sittata aara
tramp; wayfarer, traveler; for the
(f. sitta arata) sixteen
sake of, for, in behalf of, in the interest of;
or by means of, through, by; sittn sixty
for the cause of God, in behalf sittn sexagenarian
of God and his religion; by way
of, for: e.g., ( tajriba) for a as-stt the sixth
try, tentatively, ( fukha) for 2
sitt pl. -t lady s. al-usn a
fun, to quote s.th. variety of morning-glory (Ipomoea cairica
as an example; see Webb.; bot.); also = belladonna, deadly
he was at his wits end; nightshade (bot.)
( laisa alayya) there is nothing to
keep me from doing that, I am free to do pl. look up alphabetically
that, it is no sin if I do that satara u i (satr) to cover, veil ( s.o.,
sbil: a public, much- s.th.); to hide, conceal ( s.o., s.th.,
frequented road from); to disguise ( s.th. from s.o.); to
 shield, guard, protect ( s.o., s.th.,
against or from); to forgive ( s.o
.s.th.), overlook, condone s.th. ( )done
by s.o. ( )II = I; V to be covered, be
veiled; to cover o.s., hide o.s., be
concealed ( from) VIII to cover o.s.,
hide o.s.; to be veiled, be hidden, be
concealed ( from)
sitr pl. sutr, astr veil;
screen; curtain, drape, window curtain;
covering; cover (also mil.); protection,
shelter, guard, shield; pretext, excuse
sutra pl. sutar jacket; tunic
sutar (eg.) clown, buffoon
sitr pl. sutur veil, screen;
covering; curtain, drape; pretext, excuse
the Iron Curtain (pol.);
( fi) motion-picture screen;
) )barrage (mil.);
to disclose, unveils, s.th. (also a
monument); behind the
scenes, backstage (fig.)
as-sattr the Veiler, the Coverer
(attribute of God)
sitra pl. satir2 veil; 1
screen; curtain, drape, window curtain;
cover, covering
tasattur cover (mil.)
O stir screen, folding screen
mastr hidden, invisible; masked;
chaste; (one) having a blameless record
(Isl. Law); pl. mastr2 hidden,
secret things
mutasattir O anonymous
mustatir hidden, concealed,
latent; understood, implied (pronoun)
II to stack up, store up, stow ( goods); to
arrange
tastf stacking, stowing, storage
sath, sith, satah pl. asth buttocks,
backside
sigra pl. -t, sagir2, (muammar) fried, or grilled, sausage
sagyir2 (Eg. spelling) cigarette
2 2
asja f. saj well- entry ( of s.th.); to note down, record (
shaped, shapely, beautiful
sajadah u ( sujd) to bow down, bow
in worship; to throw o.s. down, prostrate
o.s. ( before); to worship ( God)
sajda pl. sajadt prostration in
prayer aa as-s. Whitsunday
(Chr.)
sujd prostration, adoration,
warship; also pl. of sjid (see below)
sajjd pl. -n worshiper (of God)
sajjda, coll. sajjd pl.
sajjd2 prayer rug; rug, carpet
and title of the leaders of
certain dervish orders in their capacity of
inheritors of the founders prayer rug
masjid pl. masjid2 mosque
( jmi) large mosque, mosque
where the Friday prayer is conducted;
( arm) the Holy Mosque in
Mecca; ( aq) name of a
mosque on Jerusalems Temple Square;
397 the two Mosques (of Mecca
and Medina)
sjid pl. sujjad, sujd
prostrate in adoration, worshiping
sajara u to fire up, heat ( a stove, an
oven, etc.) II to cause to overflow (
water)
musajjar long and flowing (of
hair)
2
look up alphabetically
II to upset ( s.o.)
sajaa a (saj) to coo (pigeon); to speak in
rhymed prose II to speak in rhymed prose
rhymed prose
saja a passage of rhymed prose
composer of rhymed prose
sajf, sijf pl. asjf, sujf
curtain, veil
sijf pl. sujuf curtain, veil
( Turk. sucuk) sujuq sausage
II to register, enter ( s.th.), make an
s.th.), make a note of ( ;)to have ( s.th.)
recorded, put ( s.th.) on record, make a
 deposition or statement for the official i (sajm, sujm, sajamn) to
records; to document, prove by pour forth ( water), shed ( tears) IV to
documentary evidence ( s.th.); to give shed ( tears) VII to flow, stream, well
evidence ( or s.th.); to score ( s.th., forth (water); to be fluent, elegant
e.g., a hit); to put down, write down, (speech); to be harmonious; to harmonize,
book ( s.th. to s.o.s debit); to record be in keeping ( with 398
( s.th., said of an apparatus; also, e.g., insijm fluency; harmony; order
on tape); to capture, catch (
a scene); to set ( a record; athlet.); to munsajim harmonious
register ( a letter); to enter ( s.th.) in the sajana u (sajn) to jail, imprison ( s.o.)
commercial register; to have ( an
invention) patented, secure a patent ( on) sajn detention, imprisonment
to go on record for (doing sijn pl. sujn prison, jail
or being s.th.) III to rival, contend; to
dispute, debate ( with s.o.); to contest ( sajn pl. sujan2,
s.o.s right to s.th.) sajn imprisoned, jailed, captive; prisoner,
(adta) to draw s.o. into a conversation, prison inmate, convict
have a talk with s.o. sajna pl. -t female prisoner
sijill pl. -t scroll; register; list, sajjn jailer, prison guard, warden
index; records, archives
masjn pl. masjn2
( tijr) commercial register;
imprisoned, jailed, captive; prisoner,
( dahab) Golden Book;
prison inmate, convict
visitors book, guest book;
list of visitors (dipl.); or ) )saj u ( sajw, sujw) to be
) or) cadastre, land register; calm, quiet, tranquil (night, sea) II to
( aqr) do. cover with a winding sheet, to shroud (
al-mayyita the deceased) V to cover
tasjl pl. -t entering, entry,
o.s. ( with a garment)
registration; documentation;
authentication; booking; recording; tape- sajya pl. -t, sajy nature,
recording; registering (of mail) natural disposition, temper, character; pl.
( aqr) entry in the land register; characteristics, traits of ones
( t. a-aut) tape recorder own accord, spontaneously
sijl contest, competition with sjin quiet, calm, tranquil; dark
alternate success (night)
(arb) their battle had its ups and downs, musajjan covered with a winding
they fought each other with alternate sheet, shrouded (corpse); laid out (corpse)
success
saa u i (sa, su) to flow
musjala pl. -t contest, down, flow, fun, stream
competition; discussion, talk saat is-sam it rained cats and dogs
musajjil pl. -n registrar; notary ain sa tearful eye
public; (pl. -t) tape recorder
pl. magnetic tape; saaba a (sab) to trail on the ground,
m. al-kullya secretary of the faculty drag along ( s.th.); to withdraw ( s,o.,
s.th., also, e.g., a measure, an order, etc.);
musajjal registered, etc. (see II) to pull out ( troops, from); to take
registered letter; away ( from s.o. s.th.), strip,
(mursalt) registered mail; dispossess, divest ( s.o. of); to draw (
register tons; ( afla) concert of water); to take out, withdraw ( money,
recorded music from an account); to draw ( a bill of
sajama u ( sujm, sijm) to flow, exchange, a lot); to unsheathe, draw ( a
stream, well forth (tears, water); -- sajama sword); to apply, make applicable (
 s.th. to; said of a law or statute) masj raw, sore (like a skin
( amala) to extend the abrasion)
applicability of s.th. to ... VII to drag o.s. saara a (sir) to bewitch, charm,
along, struggle along; to retreat, withdraw,
enchant, infatuate, fascinate ( s.o.,
pull out, fall back ( from); to be drawn s.th.); to wheedle, coax ( s.o.) II = I; V to
out; to be applied ( to; of a law or have a light meal (shortly before
statute)
daybreak)
sab withdrawal (of troops, of saar, sur pl. sur,
measures, of rights, of money from an asr lungs, pulmonary region of the
account, etc.); (pl. suhbt) body
drawing (in a lottery)
sir bewitchment, beguilement,
sab (coll.) clouds enchantment, fascination; -- (pl.
saba (n. un.) pl. suub, asr, sur) sorcery, witchcraft,
saib2 cloud; (pl. -t) umbrella magic; charm (of a woman)
(magr.); sabata during, in the sir magic(al)
course of ) )sabata n- (fns) magic lantern, slide projector
nahr (l-yaum) all day long;
sirn sabata yaumin we have bean saar pl. asr time before
traveling all day; in the daybreak, early morning, dawn
course of four centuries sar last meal before daybreak
suba film on the eye during the month of Ramadan
sab (Syr., Pal.) zipper, slide sar pl. -n sorcerer, magician,
fastener wizard, charmer
maab: m. al-haw sara sorceress, witch
source of the breeze or draft; draft (of air) sara pl. -t culvert; (pl.
insib withdrawal, retreat, ( sahr2) case, crate, chest, box
pulling out, evacuation (esp. mil.); masir2: ( intafakat)
resignation; stretching, extension his lungs became inflated (out of fear or
sib drawer (of a bill of pride)
exchange) sir charming, enchanting; (pl.
al-masb alaihi drawee -n, saara, sur) sorcerer,
(of a bill of exchange) enchanter, magician, wizard, charmer
sut, suut pl. ast s.th. forbidden sira pl. -t, sawir2
or banned; illegal possessions, ill-gotten sorceress, witch
property saaqa a (saq) to crush (
satt Eg. square measure of 0.304 m 2 s.o., s.th.); to pound, bruise, powder,
(= 1/24 sahm); -- sutt penny pulverize ( s.th.); to annihilate, wipe out
( s.th., e.g., an army); to wear out (
saaja a (saj) to scrape off, shave off, clothing); -- saiqa a, sauqa u (suq) to
scratch off, rub off ( s.th.); to graze, be distant, far away, remote II to crush; to
abrade ( the skin), strip off ( s.th.) II to
annihilate, destroy V and VII to be
scrape off, abrade, strip off ( s.th.) 399
crushed, be pounded, be bruised, be
misaj pl. masij2 plane pulverized
(tool)
saq crushing, bruising,
2
misaja pl. masij pulverization; (pl. suhq) worn
planing machine, planer garment, rag
misj pl. masij2 plane suq, suuq distance, remoteness;
(tool) depth, vastness (of an abyss)
 suqan lah away with him! to hell with
him!
saq far away, distant, remote;
deep, bottomless (abyss, depth)
musaqa and siq
tribady, Lesbianism
insiq al-qalb contrition, suktiyn, siktiyn morocco (leather)
penitence, repentance
siq crushing; overwhelming
(majority)
masq ground, grated (bread,
nutmeg, etc.); (pl. masiq2)
powder m. al-fam coal dust
m. al-qalb contrite, penitent,
repentant
saala a (sal) to scrape off, shave off,
peel ( s.th.); to smooth, make smooth (
s.th.); to plane ( s.th.); to file ( s.th.)
sala filings, file dust
silya pl. salin lizard (eg.)
misa1 pl. masil2 tool for
smoothing, plane; file
sil pl. sawil2 littoral,
coast, seashore; (Eg.) river harbor,
anchorage (on the Nile) kafar
as-s. coast guard; ( sila)
shoreless
sil coastal, littoral; (pl.
sawila) coastal inhabitant; Swahili 400
salab salep (dried tuber of various
species of Orchis); a sweet drink made of
salep
saam blackness, black color
suma blackness, black color
sum blackness black color
asam2, f. sam2, pl.
suum black
saana a (san) to crush, pound, bruise,
grind ( s.th.); to smooth by rubbing (
s.th.)
sana and saana pl. saant,
suan (external) appearance, look(s);
facial expression, air, mien
misana pl. masin2
pestle
sia pl. say cerebral
membrane, cortex
si meningeal
( mara al-ilt.) meningitis
mish pl. masin iron
shovel, spade
sakira a (sakar, sakr, sukur, sukr,
sukra, maskar) to laugh, scoff, jeer,
sneer ( or at), mock, ridicule, deride (
or s.o., s.th.), make fun ( or of)
II to subject, make subservient ( s.o.,
s.th., to or for the purpose of); to make
serviceable ( s.th. to), employ, utilize,
turn to profitable account ( s.th. for),
make use ( of, for); to exploit ( s.o.,
s.th., for) V to reduce to servitude,
subjugate ( s.o.); to scoff, jeer, sneer
sukra laughingstock, target of
ridicule; corve, statute labor, forced labor
serfs, bondsmen;
forced labor, slave labor
sukr, sikr laughingstock, target
of ridicule; corve, statute labor, forced
labor
sukrya scorn, derision, mockery,
irony; laughingstock, object of ridicule
maskara pl. -t, maskir2
object of ridicule, laughingstock;
ridiculous, droll, ludicrous; masquerade
taskr subjugation, subjection;
exploitation
musakkir oppressor
sakia a (sakal) to be annoyed ( or
at s.o., at s.th.), be displeased, be angry (
or with s.o.), resent ( or s.th.) IV to
discontent, embitter ( s.o.); to anger,
exasperate, enrage ( s.o.) V = I
sukut, suk, sakat discontent,
annoyance, displeasure, indignation,
anger, irritation, exasperation; wrath,
bitterness, grudge, resentment
maskaa pl. maski2
object of annoyance, of wrath, of anger
maskt loathsome, hated,
odious; (pl. mask) (eg.) idol
 tasaut annoyance, displeasure,
anger, wrath
sakafa u (sukf, sakfa) to be feeble
(wit); to be stupid, foolish
sakufa feeble-mindedness,
dimwittedness; imbecility, idiocy;
nonsense, foolishness, folly
sakf pl. sikf stupid,
fatuous, simple-minded; absurd, silly,
ridiculous, foolish; despicable, inferior;
(pl. sukaf) fool
sakfa feeble-mindedness
dimwittedness; (pl. -t) folly, silly thing to
do, childish prank
sakif silly things 401
sakla pl. sikl lamb
II to make black, blacken with soot,
besmut ( s.th.) ( bi-adrih) to pay, defray, settle, cover ( s.th., esp.
irritate s.o., make s.o. angry V to hate (
s.o.), harbor resentment ( against s.o.),
be angry ( with)
sakam blackness
sukma blackness; hatred,
resentment, ill will
sukam soot, smut
sakma pl. sakim hatred,
resentment, ill will
sakuna u, sakana u and sakina a (
sukna, sakna, sukna) to
be or become hot or warm; to warm (up);
to be feverish II to make hot, to beat,
warm ( s.th.) IV = II
sukn hot, warm
sakna heat, warmth
sukna heat, warmth
O sakkn, s. miyh
boiler, hot-water tank
O sakkna hot-water bottle
s. al-ammm bath heater, geyser
sakknt hot springs
skin pl. sukkn hot, warm
( and ( sak u, sakiya a (
sak) and sakuwa u ( sakwa)
to be liberal. generous ( with s.th.
toward s.o.); to grant, award ( s.th.,
to s.o.), confer, bestow ( s.th., upon
s.o.) V to show o.s. generous, display
liberality; to endeavor to be liberal or
generous VI = V
sak liberality, munificence,
generosity
saky pl. askiy liberal,
openhanded, generous; giving generously
( s.th.), being lavish ( with)
ample funds; ( s. an-
nafs) only too glad to relinquish or give up
s.th.
sakwa generosity
sadda u (sadd) to plug up, close up, stop up
( s.th.); to clog, congest ( s.th.); to bar,
obstruct, block up, barricade ( s.th.,
to s.o. s.th.); to block, blockade (
s.th.); to cork, plug, stopper ( s.th.); to
expenses, a debt, etc.); to fulfill, satisfy,
meet ( a claim, and the like)
(tugratan) to fill a gap, close a breach;
( tulmatan) to fill a gap;
(kallatan) to remedy a shortcoming;
( jatah) to meet s.o.s need,
provide for s.o.; ( ramaqah) to
keep s.o. or o.s. barely alive, eke out an
existence; to provide s.o. with a bare
existences; to allay s.o.s hunger;
(masaddah) to fill s.o.s place, replace
s.o.; to satisfy or fulfill s.o.s
claims; ( fargan) to fill a gap;
to remove or remedy deficiencies;
-- sadda i ( sudd, sadd) to be
sound, right, in proper condition; to hit the
right thing, say or do the right thing; to be
apposite, be to the point II to block, bar,
obstruct ( s.th.); to pay, defray, settle,
cover ( expenses, debts, etc.); to guide (
s.o. to), show ( s.o.) the right way (
to); to direct ( s.th. to), point, level (
s.th. at); to aim ( at); to sight, take
aim by a sight; to focus ( on; phot.); to
draw a bead ( or on s.th.)
(dainan) to pay or settle a debt;
(ajzan) to cover a deficit;
(kuhu) to guide s.o.s stepa IV to hit the
right thing, say or do the right thing; to be
apposite, be to the point V to be guided,
be directed, be shown ( to) VII to be
blocked, be obstructed, be plugged up,
become or be clogged or congested 402
sadd plugging, closing, stopping up;
obstruction, barring, barricading;
blocking; defrayment (of costs), payment,
settlement (of a debt, of expenses);
fulfillment, satisfaction (of a claim, etc.);
-- sadd, sudd pl. sudd, asdd
obstruction, block, obstacle; barrier;
rampart, bank, mound; dike; dam; weir;
barrage, river dam; bar, rail; hurdle
(athlet.); bulwark (fig.) ( l)
the High Dam (near Aswn);
balloon barrage (mil.); blind alley,
dead end
sadda block, barrier; obstruction,
obstacle; barricade; dam
(irynya) embolism (med.)
sudda pl. sudad gate, door;
threshold; seat; couch. divan
( ))raslya) the Holy See
sadad obstruction, clogging (of a
pipe)
sadd payment, defrayment,
settlement, discharge, liquidation; the
proper, right thing to do, the apposite
thing to say; appropriateness, appositeness
(of a remark), lucky hand (in ones
actions) outstanding, due,
unpaid (com.); appropriately,
appositely; s. ar-ray
levelheadedness
sudd obstruction in the nose
sidd pl. asidda plug, stopper,
cork O plug (el.)
sidda plug, stopper, cork; O sight
(of a gun)
sadd hitting the target (arrow,
spear); apposite, pat, pertinent, relevant,
right, correct (answer, view)
asadd2 more apposite, more relevant
tasdd payment, defrayment,
settlement, discharge, liquidation
outstanding, due, unpaid (com.)
sdd obstructive
masdd closed (circuit; el.)
(eg.; sadab) = sadb
sadira a (sadar, sadra) to be
dazzled (eye); to be confused, bewildered,
startled, dazed; to be deluded
sidr (coll.; n. un. )pl. sidar,
-t, sudr a variety of Christs-thorn
(Zizyphus spina Christi; bot.); lotus tree
s. al-muntah the lotus tree in
the Seventh Heaven; to
attain the highest goal, achieve ultimate
results
sidra pl. sadir an Iraqi
headgear, commonly of black velvet;
overseas cap
sdra pl. -t = sidra
sdir reckless ( in s.th.)
II to make sixfold ( s.th.); to multiply by
six ( s.th.); to make hexagonal, make
hexangular ( s.th.)
suds, sudus pl. asds one-
sixth
suds sixfold; consisting of six
parts
as-sdis the sixth
muaaddas hexagonal; hexagon;
hexahedral; hexahedron; (pl. -t) revolver,
sixshooter m. ira Very
pistol
 musaddasa pistol, gun, revolver
sadaf pl. asdf darkness, twilight,
dusk
sudfa pl. sudaf darkness,
twilight, dusk; curtain
sadala u i (sadl) to let ( s.th.)
hang down or fall down; to let down,
drop, lower ( s.th. on); pass. sudila to
hang down ( on) II and IV = I; V to
403 hang down, be lowered, be down VII
to descend ( on)
sidl, sudl pl. sudl, asdl
veil, curtain
VII to dry up (spring)
sadam sorrow, sadness, affliction,
grief
sadm pl. sudum mist, haze;
nebula (astron.)
sadm nebular; nebulous
sidna office of gatekeeper or custodian
(of a shrine, specif. of the Kaaba)
sdin pl. sadana custodian,
gatekeeper of the Kaaba; sexton, sacristan
(Chr.); keeper, curator; pl. crew (of a
machine gun, of a tank, etc.)
( and )II to confer ( a benefit on
s.o.) IV to confer ( or a benefit on
s.o.); to render, perform, do ( s.th.)
( kidma) to render s.o. a
service; ( irdt) to make as concubine ( surriya) X to try to
suggestions to s.o., advise s.o.;
( ukr) to extend ones thanks to s.o.,
thank s.o.; to be beneficial;
( )( nu) to give s.o. (a word of)
advice; ( yadan) to do s.o. a
favor
sadan pl. asdiya warp (of a
fabric); a continuous, prevailing
characteristic or trait, thread (of a story, of
an argument, etc.)
sadh warp (of a fabric); a
continuous, prevailing characteristic or
trait, thread (of a story, of an argument,
etc.)
sudan in vain, futilely, to no end,
uselessly to be in vain, futile,
useless
sadb rue, herb of grace (bot.)
sadab of the rue
sadja simplicity; innocence,
ingenuousness, naivet; homeliness,
plainness; guilelessness
sdaj, sdij pl. suddaj simple;
plain, uncolored, uniform (fabric);
innocent, ingenuous, naive; plain, homely;
artless, guileless, candid, frank
(character); primitive
1
( Pers. sar head) formerly in compounds:
head, chief; sirdr (Eg.) supreme
commander; commanding general;
saraskar general (in the former
Ottoman army); saryawarn
adjutant general
2
sarra u ( surr, tasirra,
masarra) to make happy, gladden, delight,
cheer ( s.o.); pass. surra ( surr) to
be happy, glad, delighted ( or or at),
take pleasure ( or or in) II to make
happy, gladden, delight, cheer ( s.o.) III
to confide a secret ( to s.o.)
(udnih) to whisper in s.o.s ear IV to
make happy, gladden, delight, cheer (
s.o.); to keep secret, hide, conceal,
disguise ( s.th.); to tell confidentially,
confide ( or to s.o. s.th.); to tell
under ones breath, whisper ( or to
s.o. s.th.) ( udnih) to whisper
in s.o.s ear ( s.th.) V tasarr (and
tasarrara) to take ( or a woman)
hide; to hide, be hidden ( from); to take
as concubine ( a woman)
sirr pl. asrr secret; secret
thought; heart, inmost; secrecy; mystery;
sacrament (Chr.); underlying reason (of
s.th.); sirran secretly, privately
( alniyatan) secretly and publicly;
s. al-lail watchword, password;
the secret meaning of the
Koran; secretary; do.;
kalimat as-s. watchword, password;
or to your 404 health!
cheerio! skoal! secretly,
Inwardly, in his heart; ataba
sirrah to trouble, worry, bother, harass
s.o.; ajr sirran to dispense a
sacrament (Chr.); qaddasa
llhu sirrah may God hallow his secret!
(eulogy after the name of a deceased
Muslim saint)
sirr secret; private; confidential;
mysterious, cryptic; sacramental (Chr.)
venereal diseases
sirrya secret; sportiveness
surr pl. asirra umbilical cord
surra pl. -t, surar navel,
umbilicus; center
surr umbilical ( abl) ( afr) insane asylum (eg.)
umbilical cord
surur, sirar umbilical cord
surur line of the palm or forehead
sarr: s. a-ahr last
night of the lunar month
sirr pl. asirra, asrr2 sneak, slip, steal ( into, among); to
line of the palm or forehead; pl. features,
facial expression, air, also a.
al-wajh
surr joy, happiness, delight,
pleasure; glee, gaiety, hilarity, mirth
sarr pl. asirra, surr,
saryr2 bedstead, bed; throne,
elevated seat
sarra pl. sarir2 secret;
secret thought; mind, heart, soul
af as-s. clearness of conscience;
ayyib as-s. guileless
simplehearted
sarr2 happiness prosperity
( arr) in good and bad bevy, covey, swarm
days, for better or for worse
surriya pl. sarry
concubine
masarra pl. -t joy, happiness,
delight, pleasure; glee, gaiety, hilarity,
mirth
2
misarra pl. masrr speaking 2
tube; telephone
tasarrin concubinage
istisrr concubinage
srr gladdening, gratifying, joyous,
glad, cheering, delightful
masrr glad, happy, delighted (
at), pleased ( with)
musirr gratifying, delightful,
pleasant
mustasarr place of concealment
surdiq pl. -t large tent, canopy,
pavilion
sir = ir way, path, road
sary palace
sarya pl. -t palace
1
sariba a (sarab) to flow; to run out, leak
II to send in groups or batches ( s.o.,
s.th., to) V to flow; to run out, flow off,
escape; to sneak away, slink away, steal
away; to stream, penetrate ( into),
infiltrate ( s.th.); to creep ( into); to
creep along, flow along, glide along; to
seep through, leak out ( to, of a report);
to spread, circulate, be passed around
(news) VII to hide, crawl into its lair
(animal)
sirb pl. asrb herd, flock,
bevy, covey, swarm; squadron, group,
wing, formation, flight (of aircraft); heart,
mind ( nahl) swarm of bees;
calm, composed, confident
sarab pl. asrb burrow,
hole, den, lair (of an animal); underground
passage; tunnel, conduit 405
surba pl. surab herd, flock,
sarb mirage, fata morgana;
phantom; sewage
masrab pl. masrib2 course
(taken by s.th.); river bed; drain, sewer
srib conspicuous, visible
sriba pl. sawrib2 reptile
look up alphabetically
sarbala to clothe ( s.o.) with a sirbl
(q.v.); to clothe, dress ( s.o. in or with);
to cover, wrap ( s.th., with) II
tasarbala to put on a sirbl (q.v.); to put
on, wear ( a garment); to be clothed,
 clad, garbed ( in, also fig.); to wrap o.s. (
in); to dress up ( in)
sirbl pl. sarbl2 shirt; coat release;
of mail; garment
mutasarbil: blessed
with youthfulness, evincing youthful
freshness
1
saraja to braid, plait (. the hair) II do.;
to baste, tack ( s.th.); to saddle, ( an
animal) IV do.; to light ( the lamp)
sarj pl. surj; saddle
sirj pl. suruj lamp, light O
s. al-araka traffic light;
s. al-lail firefly, glowworm
sirja saddlery, saddlers trade;
glanders
sarrj saddler
surj saddler
surjya saddlery, saddlers
trade
usrja lie, falsehood
masraja pl. masrij2 lamp;
lampstand
2
look up alphabetically
3
sirjn dung, manure
saraa a ( sur) to move away, go
away, leave; to roam freely; to graze
freely (cattle); to be distracted (mind); --
saria a to proceed freely, at will, without
restraint ( maria) to do as one
likes II to send ( cattle) to pasture; to
send, dispatch ( s.o.); to let go ( s.o.); to
dismiss ( a woman by divorce); to grant
( s.o.) leave, dismiss ( s.o.); to release
from an office, discharge, fire ( s.o.); to
release, set free ( s.o.); to let ( the eyes)
wander; to demobilize, disband ( an
army); to dispel s.o.s ( )worries (also
;) to comb ( the hair)
( arah) to comb ones hair, do
ones hair; ( naarah) to set
ones eyes on ( )VII sirdb pl. sardib2,
(yufakkiru) to be deep in thought, be
absent-minded, allow ones thoughts to
wander
sarh dismissal (of a woman by
divorce); release alaqa
sarah to release s.o., set s.o. free, set
s.o. at liberty; ilq s. his
mulaq as-s. free, at
large
sar and hawker,
peddler
sirn wolf
masra pl. masri2
pasture; stage, theater; scene
theater
masra dramatic, theatrical,
stage (adj.)
masraya pl. -t (stage) play
tasr dismissal; discharge;
release; demobilization; (pl.
tasr2) permission, authorization
tasra pl. -t hairdo, coiffure
sri: grazing freely,
roaming freely; free and unrestrained;
sri al-fikr distracted,
absentminded 406
munsari: name of a
poetic meter m. al-fikr
distracted, absent-minded
srk pl. sawrk2 rocket
sarada u (sard) to pierce, perforate (
s.th.); to carry on, continue ( s.th., e.g., a
conversation); to tell off one after another,
enumerate ( facts, events); to present,
quote, detail, set forth neatly ( s.th.) II to
pierce, perforate ( s.th.)
sard enumeration; mentioning,
quoting; neat, detailed presentation;
recital, presentation, rendition (of an
account, of a narrative, etc.); coherent,
logical
sarda: s. al-maulid
discourse dealing with the birth of the
Prophet (during celebration of
Mohammeds birthday; tun.)
O masrad index (of a book)
sardb2 subterranean vault, cellar;
basement, basement flat
sirdr (formerly Eg.) supreme
commander; commanding general
 look up alphabetically quick-witted; O s. at-taraddud
sardk pl. sardk2 rooster, cock high-frequency (el.); s. az-
(magr.) zawal ephemeral, fleeting, transient;
credulous; ) )s. al-
sardn (coll.; n. un. )sardines alq quick-firing, rapid-fire; s.
sirs and see al-aab fragile; s. at-tanaqqul
(alphabetically) mobile, maneuverable, easily manageable
407
sirsm a cerebral disease
1
asra2 faster, quicker, more rapid
saria a (sara, saran) and m asraa an raaituh
saraa u i to swallow, gulp ( s.th.) V and before long I saw him, it did not take very
VIII do. long before I saw him
saran pl. -t crayfish; cancer siran quickly, in a hurry
(med.); Cancer (astron.)
(bar) lobster isr acceleration, speed-up;
2
hurry
sir =
tasarru hurry, haste; hastiness,
sarua u (sir, sar, sura) rashness precipitance
to be quick, fast, prompt, rapid; to hurry II
to urge ( s.o.) to hurry; to urge on ( an mutasarri quick, fast, prompt,
animal); to speed up, accelerate, expedite ( rapid; hasty, rash, precipitate
s.th.) III to hurry, hasten, rush, run, dash see
( to); to make a beeline ( for); to
IV to exceed all bounds, be
hurry ( in, with), hasten (j to do s.th.),
immoderate, be extravagant ( in, at)
do in a hurry ( s.th.); to rush, plunge
exaggerate, overdo ( s.th.); to waste,
with undue haste ( into) IV to be quick,
squander, dissipate, spend lavishly ( ,
fast, prompt, rapid; to hurry, hasten, rush,
s.th., esp. money)
run, dash ( to); to hurry ( or with.
in), hasten ( or j to do s.th.), do in a saraf and isrf
hurry ( or s.th.); to accelerate, speed intemperance, immoderateness,
up, expedite ( s.th.) V to hurry, hasten, exaggeration; waste, dissipation,
rush, run, dash ( to); to hurry ( or j extravagance, prodigality
with, in), hasten ( or to do s.th.), do in musrif immoderate, intemperate,
a hurry ( or j s.th.); to be hasty, be rash ( excessive; extravagant, wasteful, prodigal
or j in) VI to hurry, hasten, rush, run,
dash ( to) saraqa i (saraq, sariq,
saraqa, sariqa, sarqn) to steal,
sur, sir pl. asr reins pilfer, filch ( or from s.o. s.th.); to
sura speed, velocity, pace; rob ( or s.o. of s.th.) II to accuse
fastness, rapidity, quickness, promptness; of theft, call a thief ( s.o.) III
hurry, haste presence of (naara) or to steal a glance at
mind; credulity s.o., glance furtively at s.o.;
sarna, sirna, surna ma (nauma) to take a short nap VII pass. of I
VIII to steal, filch, pilfer ( s.th. from
(with foll. verb) how quickly ...!; soon,
s.o.); to steal ( into)
before long, presently, in no time
(sama) to eavesdrop; to monitor (radio,
sar pl. surn, sir telephone, etc.); =
fast, quick, prompt, rapid, speedy, to gasp, pant
expeditious, swift, nimble; name of
sariqa stealing, filching, pilfering;
a poetic meter; express train; saran
robbery; (pl. -t) theft, larceny
fast, quickly, rapidly, speedily, promptly
s. at-taattur easy to impress, sarrq thief
easily affected, sensitive;
 sriq pl. -n, saraqa, validity, be effective, be in, or come into,
surrq, f. sriqa pl. sawriq force ( for). have or take effect (
thief on); to apply. be applicable ( to); to
penetrate ( s.th.), enter deeply ( into);
masrqt stolen goods
to pervade ( s.o.s soul, of a feeling)
musariq: m. al-qwa ( surhu) to traverse ones
debilitated, exhausted nightly course; ( mafluh) to
sarqusa2 Zaragoza (city in NE Spain) be valid, be effective, be in force IV to
travel by night; to make ( s.o.) travel by
sirqn dung, manure night V see 2 sarra V
1
( Fr. cirque) sirke circus sary pl. asriya, suryn
2
(Turk. sergi) sark (com.) bill of little creek, brook; see also under 2
exchange payable to the bearer sariya pl. sary (military)
surm pl. asrm anus detachment, flying column, raiding party;
company (mil.) ( kayyla)
sarmad endless duration, eternity cavalry squadron; squadron
sarmad eternal, without of aircraft
beginning or end sarayn spread, diffusion;
sarandb2 Ceylon validity, effectiveness, coming into force
1
sarw (coll.; n. un. )evergreen cypress masran: masr
(Cupressus sempervirens L.; bot.) muammad the point of departure for
2 Mohammeds midnight journey to the
II ( or) to rid s.o. of
seven heavens, i.e., Jerusalem
worries, and the like, dispel s.o.s worries
(also worries); pass. and isr nocturnal journey;
( suriya) to leave s.o. (grief, Mohammeds midnight journey to the
sorrow, fear, and the like); to regain ones seven heavens
composure, reel at peace again (after srin pl. surh traveling by
anger, fear or excitement); his anxiety or night; night reveler, night hawk;
unrest left him; he found relaxation; he contagious (disease); in force, effective,
was cheered up, his spirits were raised VII valid in force, effective,
( = surriya) valid
sary pl. suraw2, sriya a mood or atmosphere
asriy2, sarh high-ranking, high; which prevails in, or pervades, a room
high-minded, noble; distinguished (e.g., an all-pervading
personality, notable; pl. elite, leading gloom); -- (pl. -t, sawrin) column;
class, the upper crust; see 1 shipmast
sarh pl. sarawt hill; 2
and look up alphabetically
back; chief, head; see also sary
3
s. al-qaum the leaden of the suryn Syrians (coll.) members of the
people East Syrian Church
tasriya pl. -t diversion, suryn Syriac, Syrian; a
amusement, pastime member of the East Syrian Church
sirwl, sirwl pl. sarwl2 sarywarn (formerly) adjutant
trousers, pants; drawers; panties 408 general
1
sar i ( suran, sarayn, look up alphabetically
masran) to travel by night; to set out, 1
look up alphabetically
depart by night; to circulate; to flow 2
(electric current); to emanate, go out ( masaba, misaba pl. masib2
from); to spread; to be valid, have stone bench (against a wall); mastaba
 saaa u (sa) to spread out, spread, saaa a (sa, su) to rise; to
unfold, unroll ( s.th.); to level, even, spread (dust, fragrance); to shine, be
plane, flatten, make smooth ( s.th.); to brilliant, be radiant; to be or become
throw to the ground, fell ( s.o.) II to manifest, obvious, plain, clear
spread out, spread, unfold, unroll ( sa brilliance, radiance, glow;
s.th.) ;: to level, even, plane, flatten, make brightness, luminosity
smooth ( s.th.) V to be spread out, be
unfolded; to be leveled, be evened; to lie saa thump, thud, plump
down on ones back VII to be spread out. su brilliance, radiance, glow;
be unfolded; to lie flat on ones back, be brightness, luminosity
supine
asa more brilliant, brighter;
sa pl. su surface (also clearer, more obvious
geom.); plane (geom.); (pl. also
asia, asu) (flat) roof, terrace; si pl. sawi2 radiant,
deck (of a ship); su (eg., syr.) brilliant, shining, luminous, bright;
roof terrace s. al-bar sea manifest, obvious, clear, plain, patent,
level; inclined plane evident (proof)
sa external, outer, outward, saala u (sal) to intoxicate (s.o.) VII to
outside, exterior; flat; superficial; become or be intoxicated
sayt externals, superficialities sal pl. asl, sul
satya flatness; superficiality bucket, pail (of wood or metal)
2
sa flat, spread out, stretched look up alphabetically
out, supine sitm plug, stopper
mis threshing floor ) )sa u (saw, sawa) to rush,
musaa even, level, flat; (pl. pounce, jump ( or upon), assail,
-t) surface ( qadam) flat foot attack ( or s.o.); to burglarize (
1
place), break into a place ()
saara u (sar) and II to rule (
s.th.), draw lines ( on a sheet of paper); saw attack, assault; burglary,
to write, jot down, record ( s.th.); to housebreaking
draw up, compose ( s.th.) 409 sawa pl. saawt attack, assault;
sar, saar pl. sur, influence, authority; presumption,
asur, asr line; row cockiness, pride, power, strength
sr pl. sawr2 cleaver look up alphabetically
usra pl. asr2 fable, saa see
legend, saga, myth; fabulous story, yarn satar (= )wild thyme
usr mythical, legendary, (Thymus serpyllum; bot.)
fabulous saida a and pass. suida (sad,
2
misara pl. masir ruler; sada) to be happy, lucky, fortunate;
underlines, guideline sheet; see also pass. ( suida) to have the good
alphabetically O slide rule fortune of receiving or sharing s.th. III to
help, aid, assist ( s.o., or in, with),
misr trowel give s.o. ( )a hand ( or in); to
masarn (eg.) trowel support, back ( or s.o. in); to
contribute, be conducive ( or to);
tasr writing down, recording to favor, encourage ( or s.th.) IV to
musaar piece of writing, paper, make happy ( s.o); to help ( s.o)
document ) )he had the good fortune to ...
2
and derivatives look up alphabetically
 sad pl. sud good luck, good kindle, light, start ( fire) V to bum,
fortune blaze; to flare up (anger) VII to become
mad, furious VIII to burn, flare, blaze; to
al-haia as-sadya the
Saadist union (formerly a political break out (fighting)
movement in Egypt); as-sadyn sir pl. asr price; rate;
the Saadists, the followers of Saad exchange rate, quotation (stock market)
Zaghll (1856-1927) s. al-kam discount rate, bank
rate; rate of interest;
sud Cyperus (bot.)
rate of interest; s. al-qa
sad pl. suad happy ( discount rate, bank rate; s. al-
about, at); radiant, blissful; lucky, qia price by the piece
auspicious; felicitous s. ad-
sur madness; frenzy; voracity
dikr of blessed memory, the late ...
suur madness frenzy
sada happiness; bliss, felicity;
good fortune, success, prosperity, welfare; sur voracity
title of a pasha; sadat (with foll. sar pl. suur blazing flame,
name) title of high officials (syr., 410 fire; blaze; bell, inferno
Leb.) Your Grace (form of
address to a pasha); title of a misar pl. masir2 poker,
pasha; House of Bliss, ancient fire iron
name of Istanbul misr pl. masr2 poker,
sad Saudi fire iron
( mamlaka) Saudi Arabia tasr pricing, price fixing
2
sadn pl. sadn ape tasra pricing, price fixing
sadna pl. -t nipple, teat lajnat at-t. pricing, price-fixing
doorknob commission
asad2 happier, luckier tasira quotation (stock exchange)
musada pl. -t support, masr mad, crazy
backing, aid, help, assistance; VIII to snuff ( tobacco)
encouragement, promotion
sa snuff
sid pl. sawid2 forearm
( aiman) he is his right hand, misa snuffbox
he is indispensable to him; III to help, aid, support ( s.o.) IV to
itadda siduh to become strong, comply with s.o.s ( )wishes ( for),
powerful; ( fatta) to weaken s.o. humor ( s.o. in), grant ( s.o. s.th.); to
sida pl. sawid2 tributary help, aid, assist ( s.o.)
masd pl. masd2 happy, saaf (coll.; n. un. )pl. -t palm
lucky, fortunate leaves aad as-s. Palm Sunday
(Chr.)
musid helper, help, aide;
assistant (adj. end n.); adjutant isf pl. -t aid, relief, help,
assistance; medical service; first-
masad favored by fortune, aid i. al-ajaza care for the
fortunate, lucky aged; jamyat al-i. approx.:
saara (sar) to kindle, start ( a civil ambulance service; first-
fire, a war); pass. suira to flare up, run aid men, ambulance men; medical
mad II to kindle, start ( a fire, a war); to orderlies, hospital corpsmen;
price ( s.th.), set a price ( on s.th.); to sayyrat al-i. ambulance
quote on the stock market III to bargain, saala a ( sula, sual) to cough
haggle over the price ( with s.o.) IV to
 sula cough
sul cough ( dk) powder)
whooping cough 411
sil pl. silayt female
demon
silh pl. salin female safaa a (saf, suf) to pour out,
demon
ab sun marabou (zool.)
sa a (say) to move quickly, run, speed;
to move across the sky (moon); to head,
be headed ( for), proceed ( to or
toward); to strive ( or for), aspire (
or to); to work ( or for),
endeavor, attempt, make an effort ( or
to get or achieve s.th.); to run after
s.th. (), pursue, chase ( s.th.); to
take stops ( in a matter) to
lead s.o. or s.th. to ... ; meat) ill to cover, mount ( the female);
(f l-ari fasdan) to spread evil, cause
universal harm and damage;
(li-atfih bi-ifih) to bring about ones
own destruction, dig ones own grave;
( karbi -.) to work at the safara i ( sufr) to remove the veil (
ruin of s.th., undermine s.th.; -- sa a (
say, siya) to slander ( s.o.,
or to s.o), discredit ( or s.o
with) VI to run about in confusion
say run, course; the
ceremony of running seven times between
af and Marwa (performed during the
Pilgrimage); effort, endeavor; livestock
siya slander, calumniation
masn pl. masin effort,
endeavor
sin pl. n, suh messenger;
office boy, delivery boy; slanderer,
calumniator postman,
mailman
sagiba (sagab) to hunger ( for), be or
become hungry
sagab hunger, starvation
sagba hunger, starvation
masgaba famine
sgib hungry, starving
IV to descend, link, slip, decline (fig.); to
stoop ( to, fig.) ( naara)
to give s.o. a sharp look VIII to eat,
swallow ( s.th. dry, e.g., a medicinal
saff medicinal powder
isff decline (fig.); triviality
suftaja pl. saftij2 bill of exchange (com.)
spill, shed ( s.th.) ill to whore, fornicate (
with s.o.) VI to whore, fornicate
saf pl. suf foot (of a
mountain); pl. flat, rocky surface
saff shedder of blood, killer,
murderer
sif fornication
safida a and safada i ( sifd) to cover,
mount ( or the female); to cohabit (
with a woman) II to put on a skewer (
to rohabit ( with a woman)
saffd pl. saffd2 skewer,
spit
an wajhih from her face), unveil
o.s.; -- safara i (safr) to shine, glow
(aurora) II to unveil, uncover, disclose (
s.th.); to send on a journey, compel to
leave, send away ( s.o); to dispatch, send
off ( s.th.); to embark, put on board (
passengers) III to travel, maim a trip; to
leave, depart, go on a journey IV to shine,
glow (aurora, s.o.s face, etc.); to disclose,
unveil, uncover ( s.th.); to yield,
achieve, bring ( s.th.); to end ( with,
in), result ( in) VII to rise, disappear
(dust, clouds)
as-sifr the travelers, the
passengers
sifr pl. asfr book (esp. one of
the Scriptures) 412
safar departure; (pl. asfr)
journey, travel, trip, tour
safra pl. safart journey,
travel, trip, tour
safarya pl. -t journey, travel,
trip, tour; departure
sufra pl. sufar dining table
 sufrag (eg.) pl. sufragya
waiter, steward
safr pl. sufar mediator safala u ( sufl, safl) and safila
(between contending parties); ambassador
(dipl.)
sufr uncovering of the face (of a
veiled woman); unveiling
sifra office or function of a
mediator, mediation; embassy (dipl.)
masfir2 (pl.) part of the face not
covered by the veil
sfir unveiled, wearing no veil;
barefaced, conspicuous, obvious; (pl.
safara) scribe
musfir pl. -n traveler;
passenger; visiting stranger; guest
safarjal (coll.; n. un. )pl. quince
(Cydonia; bot.)
safsaa sophistry; pl. sophistries,
casuistic arguments ahl as-s.
the Sophists
safsa sophistic; Sophist
safsafa pl. safsif2 silly talk,
nonsense; poor, inferior stuff
safsf pl. safsif2 silly, saflata to cover with asphalt, to asphalt
inane, trivial; poor, inferior
poor, inferior stuff
safa pl. asft basket; scales (of fish)
safaa a (saf) to scorch, parch, burn (
s.o., s.o.s skin; esp. of a hot wind); to
flap the wings, flutter (bird); to strike, hit (
s.o. with the hand), slap ( s.o.); to lash (
s.th., e.g., of a storm)
saf burned spot
sufa pl. sufa black stain; dark
spot, brown discoloration
asfa, f. saf2 dark-brown
safaqa u (safq) to shut, bang, slam ( the
door)
safaka i (safk) to shed ( blood) VI to
murder each other VII to be shed, flow
(blood)
safk: s. ad-dim blood- safiha a (safah) and safuha u ( safha)
shed
saffk shedder of blood; blood-
shedding
a to be low; to be below s.th. ( ;)--
safala u to turn downward; -- safula u (
safla) and safala u (safl) to be low,
base, despicable V to abase o.s., sink low,
go from bad to worse; to act in a base
manner
sufl lowest part of s.th., bottom
sufl lower, at the bottom; low
sifla: s. an-ns lowly
people, riffraff
safla lowness; lowliness;
baseness, ignominy, despicableness
safla lowest part
asfal2, f. sufl, pl. asfil2
lower; lowest; lower or lowest part,
bottom; asfala (prep.) under,
underneath, below ( ar) the
nether world; raddah
asfala sfiln to reduce s.o. to the lowest
level or status
sfil pl. safala low; lowly;
base, mean, despicable 413
asfalt asphalt
saflaqa sponging
siflq sponger
1
safan coarse hide used for polishing;
emery paper, sandpaper
2
safn ships (coll.); ship; see also
alphabetically
safna pl. sufun, safi2
ship, vessel, boat; Argo (astron.)
( midfaya) gunboat;
and training ship
saffn shipbuilder, shipwright
sifna (art or trade of)
shipbuilding
3
look up alphabetically
safanj, sifanj and isfanj sponge
to be stupid, silly, foolish; to be impudent,
insolent II to call ( s.o., s.th.) stupid or
 foolish; to declare ( s.o.) legally an examination, flunk; suqia f
incompetent; to depreciate, put down as yadih to stand aghast, be at a loss, be
inferior ( s.th.) to make a fool bewildered IV to let fall, drop ( s.o.,
of o.s.; ( wajhah) to expose s.o., s.th.); to make ( s.o.) tumble, cause s.o. (
show s.o. up, make a fool of s.o., bring )to slip; to overthrow, bring down,
s.o. in discredit, disgrace s.o., dishonor topple, fell ( s.o., s.th.); to fail, flunk (
s.o. VI to pretend to be stupid or foolish s.o. in an examination); to shoot down (
an aircraft); to deduct, subtract ( a
safah foolishness, stupidity,
number); to eliminate ( s.th.
silliness; impudence, shamelessness,
from); to have a miscarriage, miscarry; to
insolence
bring about a miscarriage (woman); to
safh pl. sufah2, sifh slink ( its young one; animal)
foolish, stupid, silly; fool; an incompetent ( jinsya) to deprive s.o. of his
(Isl. Law); impudent, shameless, insolent; citizenship; ( aqqah) to
insolent fellow forfeit ones right in s.th., waive ones
safha foolishness, stupidity, claim to s.th.; ( daw) to quash
silliness; impudence, shamelessness, a complaint, nonsuit a case; to withdraw
insolence or drop a complaint; ( ara) to
cause loss of hair; usqia f
saf i (safy) to raise and scatter ( the yadih = saqaa f yadih V to
dust; said of the wind) IV do. learn gradually, pick up information (
sfiy2 dust about s.th. from); to hunt for scraps
to gather information VI to fall
masfan s.th. whirled up; play- down, come down, collapse; to fall
thing, sport (fig.) successively or gradually; to fall out
safn wedge (hair); to come gradually ( to), arrive
one by one ( at); to roll, drip ( off); to
sigra = cigarette
dribble to break down,
( It. scala) saqla scaffold collapse; ( uman) to go to
saqar2 f. hell ruin, disintegrate

suqr2 Socrates saq dew

saqsaqa chirping, cheeping, peeping siq miscarried fetus

(e.g., of sparrows) saq, siq, suq sparks flying from a
saqaa u ( suq, masqa) to fall flint
(also = to be killed in action); to fall saqa pl. asq any worthless
down, drop; to tumble, trip, slip; to fall thing; offal, refuse, rubbish, trash; junk
out (hair); to sink down ( on, to); to hit, s. al-mat waste, scrap(s)
stumble ( upon), come across s.th. (
saqa junk dealer, ragman
;)to find ( s.th.); to get, come ( to
s.o.), reach ( s.o.); to decline, sink, drop saqa pl. saqat fall, tumble,
(standard); to become null and void, be plunge; oversight, slip, error, mistake
abolished, be canceled; to be dropped, be misprints, errata
omitted, drop out; to be missing; to escape suq fall, tumble; crash (of an
( s.o.), slip ( s.o.s memory) airplane); collapse, breakdown, ruin;
))li-yasqu (fal-yasqu) down with decline, downfall, fall; devolution (of a
! to drop s.o. or s.th.; right); slip, lapse s. a-ar
they had had word from him that he ...; loss of hair; rainfall
( rasuh) he was born in ..., his
birthplace was ; saq hail
(uwya) to be dropped from saqqa, (eg.) suqqa door latch
membership; ( ainaih) to drop
in s.o.s estimation; to fail
 masqa, masqi pl. masqi2
place where a falling object lands;
waterfall ( ufq) ground plan,
horizontal section; ( ras) front
elevation, vertical section (arch.);
m. ar-ras birthplace, home
masqa2 Muscat (seaport and
capital of Oman)
isq overthrow; shooting down
(of an aircraft); miscarriage, abortion;
deduction, subtraction; rebate
( jinsya) abrogation of citizenship;
gation of citizenship;
(qmat al-f.) devaluation of the franc
tasqut loss (of hair) siqwa glanders
snowfall
sqi pl. saq fallen; base,
mean, vile; disreputable, notorious
(district); omitted, missing; forgotten
sqia scrap; (pl. -t) fallen
woman, harlot
suqr2 Socotra (island, S of Arabia)
saqaa a (saq) to slap, clap ( s.o.,
s.th.)
musaqqaa (eg.) dish of eggplant
and meat
1
II to provide with a roof or ceiling, roof
over ( s.th.)
saqf pl. suqf, suquf,
asquf roof; ceiling s. al-
alq palate
saqfa pl. saqif roofed
passage; roofed gallery; roofing, shelter
tasqf roofing
masqf roofed, covered ( with)
2
asquf pl. asqifa look up
alphabetically
look up alphabetically
saqlaba to throw down ( s.o.)
saqlab pl. saqliba Slav;
Slavic 415
saqima a (saqam) and saquma u (suqm,
saqm) to be or become sick, ill,
ailing; to become thin, lean, skinny; to be
poor, meager, measly II to make sick (
s.o.) IV = II
suqm pl. asqm illness,
sickness; leanness, thinness, skinniness
saqam pl. asqm illness;
sickness; leanness, thinness, skinniness
saqm illness, sickness; leanness,
thinness, skinniness
saqm pl. siqm, suqam2
sick, ill, ailing; skinny, lean, emaciated;
meager, measly; poor, faulty (language)
masqm seriously suffering;
constantly ailing, sickly
saq i (saqy) to give ( s.o. s.th.) to
drink, make s.o. ( )drink ( s.th.); to
water ( cattle, plants); to irrigate (
s.th.); to dip, scoop, draw (water)
( flda) to temper steel III to give (
s.o. s.th.) to drink; to conclude a lease
contract ( with s.o.; cf. )IV to give (
s.o. s.th.) to drink, make s.o. ( )drink (
s.th.); to water ( cattle, plants); to irrigate
( s.th.) VIII to ask ( s.o.) for a drink; to
draw water ( from); to draw ( s.th.,
e.g., information, knowledge, etc., from),
take, borrow, obtain ( s.th. from) X to
ask ( s.o.) for a drink (also for s.th.);
to pray for rain
saqy watering; irrigation
siq pl. asqiya, asqiyt,
asqin waterskin, milkskin
saqq pl. -n water carrier; --
pelican (zool.)
siqya irrigation, watering; office
of water supplier (spec. the traditional
office of one in charge of providing water
for Mecca pilgrims); watering place;
drinking vessel
misq pl. masqin (eg.)
irrigation canal
musqh sharecropping contract
over the lease of a plantation, limited to
one crop period (Isl. Law)
istisq dropsy
alt al-ist. prayer for rain
istisq dropsical, hydropic
 sqin pl. suqh cupbearer,
Ganymede, saki
sqiya barmaid; -- (pl.
sawqin) rivulet; irrigation ditch,
irrigation canal; water scoop; sakieh,
water wheel
sakka u (sakk) to look, bolt ( the door); to
mint, coin ( money); -- sakka (1st pers.
perf. sakiktu) a ( sakak) and VIII to be
or become deaf
sikka pl. sikak (minting) die;
coin; road; (eg.) sidestreet, lane (narrower
than ri) and reticent; still, quiet, calm, tranquil;
railroad; ( zirya) field quiescent (letter)
path, dirt road; mint 1
sukkn pl. -t rudder
asakk f. sakk2, pl. sukk 2
deaf
maskka pl. -t coin; drain hole
(tun.) ilm al-m. pretend to be drunk
numismatics
sigra pl. sagir2 (Syrian spelling)
cigarette
sakrn saccharin
sakaba u (sakb) to pour out, shed, spill (
s.th.) VII to pour forth, be poured out; be
shed, be spilled
sakb shed, spilled 416
maskab pl. maskib2
melting pot, crucible
maskbya melting pot, crucible
sakbj meat cooked in vinegar
sakata u (sakt, sukt, sukt to
be silent, say nothing; to become silent,
lapse into silence; to be or become quiet,
calm down, subside; to pass over s.th. (IT)
in silence; not to answer ( s.o.); pass.
sukita to have a stroke (med.)
( gaab) his anger abated II to
silence, calm, soothe, pacify ( s.o.
s.th.); to order to be silent, hush up ( s.o.)
IV do.; to conceal, refuse to tell ( s.th.)
sakt silence; taciturnity, reticence
silently, in silence, quietly
sakta silence, quiet; stroke,
apoplexy (med.) ( qalbya) heart
failure
sukt silence; taciturnity,
reticence
sukt silence; taciturnity,
reticence; see also alphabetically
sukt taciturn, reticent
sakt taciturn, reticent
sikkt habitually silent
skit silent, mum; taciturn,
sakara u (sakr) to shut, close, lock, bolt (
s.th.) II do.
sakara a (sakar, sukr) to be drunk; to get
drunk, become intoxicated IV to make
drunk, intoxicate, inebriate ( s.o.) VI to
sukr intoxication, inebriety,
drunkenness
sakar an intoxicant; wine
sakra pl. sakart inebriety,
intoxication, drunkenness s.
al-maut agony of death
sakrn2, f. sakr, pl.
sukr, sakr drunk, intoxicated; a drunk
( na) (colloq.) dead drunk
sikr drunkard, heavy drinker
muskir pl. -t alcoholic beverage,
intoxicating liquor
3
II to sugar, sprinkle with sugar ( s.th.);
to candy, preserve with sugar ( s.th.)
sukkar sugar; pl. sakkir2
sweetmeats, confectionery, candies
fructose, levulose, fruit sugar;
maltose, malt sugar; s.
al-inab dextro-glucose, dextrose, grape
sugar; s. al-qaab saccharose,
sucrose, cane sugar; s. al-laban
lactose, milk sugar; s. an-nabt
sugar candy, rook candy; qaab
as-s. sugar cane; mara as-s.
diabetes
sukkar sugar (adj.), sugary, like
sugar, saccharine; confectionery;
 sweetmeats, candy immediately fallowing); to abate, subside,
(mara al-baul) diabetes remit, cease (anger, pain, and the like); to
sukkarya sugar bowl pass, go away ( from s.o. pain), leave (
s.o., pain); to remain calm, unruffled (
musakkart confectionery, at, in the face of); to be reassured (
sweetmeats, candy by); to rely ( on), trust, have faith
4
pl. look up alphabetically ( in); to feel at home ( in, at); --
5
sakana u (sakan, sukn) to live,
look up alphabetically dwell ( or in), inhabit ( or
( It. sicurt) sikurth insurance s.th.) II to calm ( s.o., s.th.), reassure,
appease, placate ( s.o.), soothe, allay,
( Fr. secrtariat) sekretrya alleviate ( pain, and the like); (gram.) to
secretariat; secretaryship make vowelless ( a consonant, i.e.,
( It scarto) sikart cotton waste pronounce it without a following vowel)
III to live together, share quarters (
( Fr secrtaiea) sekretr secretary
with s.o. in) IV to give or allocate living
( mm) secretary-general
quarters ( to s.o.); to settle, lodge, put up (
sekretrya secretariat 417 s.o. in) VI to live together, share
sukurruja, sukruja pl. sakrj2 quarters
bowl; platter, plate sakan means or time for rest;
sukrz saccharose, sucrose dwelling, abode, habitation; inhabited
area, human habitations; ashes
sukkarn saccharin
sakan ashen, ash-gray
II tasaksaka to behave in a servile
manner f araktih wa
sakantih in all his doings; in every
suksuka wren (?) situation
tasaksuk servility sakina pl. -t residence, home
saksn Saxonian; Saxon sukn calm, tranquility, peace;
saksniy Saxonia silence, quiet; (gram.) vowellessness of a
medial consonant; the graphic symbol of
V to grope about ( a-ulmata in the this vowellessness
dark); to loiter, loaf, hang around; to seriousness, sedateness, gravity
proceed aimlessly, dawdle, potter
( ait t-tasakkuu) to drive sakkn cutler
s.o. out into the dark, leave s.o. to an sukkn pl. -t rudder
uncertain fate
sikkn m. and f. pl. sakkn2
sakkf shoemaker knife
sikfa shoemakers trade, sakna pl. sakin2
shoemaking immanence of God, presence of God;
iskf and iskf pl. devout, God-inspired peace of mind;
askifa shoemaker calm, tranquility, peace
askafa threshold, doorstep; lintel sikkna knife
skif lintel sukn living, dwelling; stay,
sojourn maall as-s. place of
pl. look up alphabetically residence
1
sakana u ( sukn) to be or become sakkn cutler
still, tranquil, peaceful; to calm down,
repose, rest; (gram.) to be vowelless maskan, maskin pl.
(consonant, i.e., have no vowel maskin2 dwelling, abode, habitation;
house; home, residence, domicile
 taskn pacification, escape; to slip, slink, sneak, steal (
tranquilization, placation 418 into); to infiltrate ( s.th., also pol.); to
settling, settlement; allocation of advance singly or in small groups (troops
in the field; mil.); to have pulmonary
living quarters
tuberculosis, be consumptive VIII to pull
skin pl. -n, sakana, f. out or remove gently ( s.th.); to
sawkin2 calm, motionless, still; withdraw gently ( s.th., e.g., kaffah
--vowelless (medial consonant); stagnant, ones hand, from); to unsheathe, draw (
standing (water); O statio (electricity); (pl. the sword); to wrest, snatch ( from
sukkn, sakana) dweller, s.o. s.th.)
inhabitant, resident, occupant; the
sall basket
population inhabitant of
Paradise, deceased person, one of blessed sill, sull consumption, phthisis,
memory; populous; tuberculosis ( tadarrun)
(yuarriku) he doesnt budge, he doesnt tuberculosis; ( riaw)
bend his little linger, he remains pulmonary tuberculosis
immobile, apathetic; ( skinah)
salla pl. sill basket
to rouse, agitate s.o.
s. al-muhmalt wastepaper basket;
maskn populated, inhabited; kurat as-s. basketball
haunted (place); possessed (person)
sall drawn (sword); descendant,
the house is haunted
scion, son
al-maskna the inhabited
salla pl. salil2 (female)
world, the world
descendant
maskn ecumenical (Chr.)
salll basketmaker, basket weaver
musakkin pl. -n pacifier, soother;
sulla pl. -t descendant, scion;
(pl. -t) sedative, tranquilizer
progeny, offspring; family; race; strain,
muskin pl. -n fellow citizen, stock, provenience (of economic plants)
neighbor
sull family (adj.)
3
and pl. look up
masalla pl. -t, masll2 large
alphabetically
needle, pack needle; obelisk
sakanjabn oxymel (pharm.)
tasallul infiltration (pol.); offside
skandinfiy and sikandinwa position (in football, hockey, etc.)
Scandinavia
insill infiltration (pol.)
sikandinf Scandinavian
masll consumptive, affected
( Hebr. sukk): d as-s. with pulmonary tuberculosis
Sukkoth, Feast of Tabernacles (Jud.)
mustalla pl. -t offprint (ir.) 419
sk ski
salaa a (sal) to clarify ( butter)
1
sal imperative of saala
sil pl. aslia clarified butter
2
salla u (sall) to pull out, withdraw, or
sala salad
remove gently ( s.th.); pass. sulla to have
pulmonary tuberculosis, be consumptive sulf Slavic; (pl. -n) Slav
V to steal away, slink away, slip away, salqn red lead, minium
escape; to spread, extend, get ( to),
reach ( s.th.); to slip, slink, sneak, steal see
( into); to betake o.s., go ( to, with salnk2 Salonica (seaport in NE
secret designs); to invade, infiltrate, enter Greece)
( s.th.); to penetrate ( to, as far as) VII
to steal away, slink away, slip away,
 salaba a (salb) to take away, steal, wrest,
snatch ( or from s.o. s.th.), rob,
strip, dispossess, deprive ( or s.o.
of s.th.); to plunder, rifle, loot ( s.o.,
s.th.); to strip of arms and clothing ( a
fallen enemy); to withhold ( from s.o.
s.th.), deny ( to s.o. s.th.); -- saliba a
(salab) to put on or wear mourning, be in
mourning V to be in mourning VIII =
salaba
salb spoliation, plundering,
looting, pillage, robbing; negation
almat as-s. minus sign (math.)
salb negative (also el.); passive
or ( muqwama) bearer, squire
passive resistance
salbya negativism, negative
attitude
salab pl. aslb loot, booty,
plunder, spoils; hide, shanks and belly of a
slaughtered animal; -- ropes, hawsers (eg.)
sillb pl. sulub black clothing,
mourning (worn by women)
sallb robber, plunderer, looter
salb stolen, taken, wrested away
uslb pl. aslb2 method, ( qwt) the armed forces;
way, procedure; course; manner, mode,
fashion; style (esp. literary); stylistic
peculiarity (of an author) do.; ( zujj) wired glass
(kitb) literary style
istilb spoliation, plundering,
looting, pillage, robbing
slib negative (adj.); (pl.
sawlib2) O negative (phot.)
maslb unsuccessful
salaband martingale (of the harness)
salata i u to extract, pull out ( s.th.); to
chop off ( s.th., esp. a part of the body)
VII to steal away, slip away
salg (eg.) =
as-saljiqa the Seljuk
saljam turnip (Brassica rapa; bot.); (eg.)
rape (Brassica napus; bot.)
salaa a (sal) to void excrement; to drop
dung (bird) II to arm ( s.o. with) V to
arm o.s. VI to engage in battle, fight, cross
swords
sal and sul excrements,
dung, droppings
silh pl. aslia arm, weapon;
arms, weapons; service (as a branch of the
armed forces); armor; steel gripper, steel
claw; plowshare s. a-ayarn
air force; s. al-fursn cavalry;
kk as-s. bristling with arms,
armed to the teeth; sallama
silah to lay down ones arms,
surrender
sildr sword-bearer, shield-
sal pl. -n apostle (Chr.)
tasl pl. -t arming, equipping;
armament, rearmament; armoring,
reinforcement (in ferroconcrete
construction)
tasallu armament, rearmament
sibq at-t. arms race
musalli armorer
musalla armed; armored,
reinforced (with steel); = Fr. arm
( ismant) ferroconcrete,
reinforced concrete; ( karsna)
sulafh, silafh pl. salif2
turtle, tortoise
sulafya dawdling,
dilatoriness
salaka a u (salk) to pull off, strip off (
s.th.); to skin, flay ( an animal); to
detach ( s.th. from); to end, terminate,
conclude, bring to a close ( a period of
time); to spend ( a period of time,
doing s.th.) V to peel (skin, from sunburn)
VII to be stripped off, be shed (skin,
slough); to shed, cast off ( the
slough, the skin), strip off, take off (
clothing); to abandon, give up, cut off ( a
trait, a quality); to get detached (
from), come off ( ;)to withdraw,
retire ( from); to pass, end (month)
salk detaching; skinning, flaying;
snakeskin, slough; end of the month
 salk: ( kaab) (barkless)
soft wood, alburnum, sapwood
sallk pl. , -n butcher
salik skinned, flayed; tasteless,
insipid (food)
salka Chinese cinnamon tree
(Cinnamomum cassia; bot.); cinnamon
bark, cassia bark
salkna pl. -t slaughterhouse,
abattoir
maslak pl. maslik2
slaughterhouse, abattoir
mislk snakeskin, slough
munsalak end of the month
salisa a (salas, salsa) to be
tractable, docile, compliant, obedient; to
be smooth, flowing, fluent (style) IV to
make tractable, render obedient, subdue (
, s.o., s.th.); to make easy, smooth,
fluent ( s.th.)
salas incontinence of urine
salis tractable, pliable, docile,
compliant, obedient; flexible, smooth,
fluent (style) s. al-qiyd
tractable, pliable, docile, compliant,
obedient
salsa tractability, pliability,
docility, compliance, obedience (also
s. al-qiyda); smoothness, absolute master ( of), rule, reign, hold
fluency (of style)
aslas2 more tractable, more
pliable, more obedient; more flexible,
smoother, more fluent
salsabl name of a spring in Paradise;
spring, well
salsala to link together, concatenate,
interlink, interlock, connect, unite ( s.th.
with); to chain up, enchain, fetter,
shackle ( s.o.); to pour ( water into)
to trace s.o.s lineage back to
s.o. II tasalsala to flow down, trickle (in a
continuous stream); to drip, dribble, fall in
drops (water); to form a chain or series, be
continuous; to be interlinked, interlocked,
linked together, concatenate
salsal cool fresh water
silsila pl. salsil2 iron chain;
chain (also fig.); series (of essays, articles,
etc.) mountain chain;
s. a-ahr, backbone, vertebral
column; ( faqrya) do.;
fabric of lies; s. an-
nasab lineage, line of ancestors
tasalsul sequence, succession
without interruption, successively,
consecutively, continuously; to
serialize s.th., publish s.th. in serial form
421
musalaal chained; continuous
(numbering) ( raddu filin)
chain reaction (phys.);
(mara) Andromeda (astron.)
mutasalsil continuous
(numbering)
1
II to give ( s.o.) power or mastery (
over), set up as overlord, establish as ruler
( s.o. over); to impose, inflict ( a
penalty on s.o.); to bring to bear, exert (
force, pressure, and the like, on); to
load, charge ( s.th. with electric
current) ( aidiyahum) they
laid violent hands on , dealt high-
handedly with ...; to set the
dogs on s.o. V to overcome, surmount (
s.th.); to overpower, overwhelm (
s.o.); to prevail, gain the upperhand (
over), get the better of ( ;)to be
sway ( over); to control, supervise,
command ( s.th.)
sula pl. -t, sula power,
might, strength; authority; sway,
dominion, influence, sovereign power,
jurisdiction; (pl. -t) official agency,
authority ( abawya) paternal
authority; patriarchy; ( rya)
spiritual power; ( tarya)
legislative power; ( askarya)
military authority; ( qaya)
judicial power; ( tanfdya)
executive power
sala jacket
sal strong, solid, firm; glib;
impudent, sharp, loose, vicious (tongue)
 sala glibness; impudence, lack
of restraint (in ones language); see also
alphabetically
tasallu mastery, sway, dominion;
rule, influence, authority, supremacy (
over); supervision, control
2
salaa and sala salad
III islanaa to be broad, be wide
suli wide
salana to proclaim sultan, establish as
ruler ( s.o.) II tasalana to become
sultan or ruler
salana sultanate
suln m. and f. power, might,
strength; rule, reign, dominion, sway;
authority; mandate, authorization;
legitimation ( for); -- (pl. saln2)
sultan; (absolute) ruler s.
ibrhm red mullet (Mullus barbatus;
zool.); ( anzala llhu)
(lit.; God has revealed no legitimation for
it; with preceding indeterminate noun)
vain, unfounded, baseless, arbitrary
sulna sultana, sultaness
suln of the sultan; sovereign,
imperial, royal imperial
highway
sunya soup bowl, tureen;
large metal bowl
Salia a (sala) to crack, become cracked
VII to split, break open, burst
sal pl. sul crack, fissure, rift
sila pl. sila commodity,
commercial article; sebaceous cyst, wen
salafa u (salaf) to be over, be past, be
bygone; to precede, antecede II to lend,
loan, advance ( to s.o. money) IV to
make ( s.th.) precede; to lend, loan,
advance ( to s.o. money) ) ) sulfd sulfide
(qaul) we have already said, we have
previously stated; as we have
already said V to borrow ( s.th. from);
to contract a loan VIII = V
silf pl. aslf brother-in-law
silfa sister-in-law 422
salaf and pl. aslf
predecessors; forebears, ancestors,
forefathers; advance payment,
prepayment; free loan, noninterest-bearing
loan; salafan in advance, beforehand,
before the worthy ancestors,
the venerable forefathers
salafya pl. -t free loan; (cash)
advance
as-salafya an Islamic reform
movement in Egypt, founded by
Mohammed Abduh (1849-1906)
sulfa pl. sulaf loan; (cash)
advance; inner lining of shoes, inner sole
sulf choicest wine (made of the
juice flowing from unpressed grapes)
sulfa = sulf
sulaf2 predecessors
mislafa harrow
taslf credit, advance
sir at-t. rate of interest; credit
bank
talfa credit, loan
(aqrya) land credit
slif pl. salaf, sullf,
sawlif, preceding, foregoing,
former, previous, bygone, past;
predecessor; slifan formerly,
previously; above (as a reference in
books, etc.) former, or
past, events; s. ad-dikr
aforementioned; s. al-ars
amaranth (bot.); f s. iz-
zamn in former times, in the old days
1
sulft sulfate s. an-
nudir ammonium sulfate
2
O salfata to asphalt ( s.th.)
O musalfat asphalted
salaqa u (salq) to lacerate the skin ( of
s.o.; with a whip); to remove with boiling
water ( s.th.); to boil, cook in boiling
water ( s.th.); to scald ( plants; said of
excessive heat); to hurt ( s.o., bi-
lisnih with ones tongue, i.e., give s.o. a
 tongue-lashing) V to ascend, mount, (h>arr) filament (of a radio tube); O
climb, scale ( s.th.); to climb up (plant) ( mutaakkim) grid (of a radio
tube); (( ( siys)
salq (eg.), silq a variety of chard,
diplomatic corps; s. a-ura the
the leaves of which are prepared as a salad
police; barbed wire; O
or vegetable dish
fuse (el.);
as-sullq Ascension of Christ (talm) the teaching profession, the
salqa vicious tongue, violent teachers; s. al-qa the
language judiciary, the judicature; O
(muqwim) resistor (el.); O
salqa pl. saliq2 dish made (haw) antenna, aerial; )(
of grain cooked with sugar, cinnamon and to be a member of an organization
fennel (syr.); inborn disposition, instinct and the like; to join an organization and
salaqn and salqn red the like, e.g., ( bar)
lead, minium entrance into the navy (as also
)
salq saluki, greyhound, hunting
dog silk by wire, wire (adj.)
salq saluki, greyhound, hunting l-silk wireless; radio,
dog broadcasting (adj. and n.); radiogram;
radio specialist ( ira) radio
tasalluq climbing; ascent message; radio operator
maslq cooked, boiled (meat, silka pl. silak wire; thread;
egg, vegetable) string (also, of a musical instrument)
maslqa pl. maslq2 sulk behavior, comportment,
bouillon, broth demeanor, manners; conduct, deportment,
an-nabtt al-mutasalliqa attitude usn as-s. good
climbing plants, creepers behavior, good manners; or
etiquette
salaka u (salk, sulk) to follow ( a
road), travel ( along a road); to take ( a maslak pl. maslik2 way,
road), enter upon a course or road (; road, path; course of action, policy;
fig.); to behave, comport o.s. ( toward procedure, method
s.o.); to proceed, act; to set foot ( on), (baulya) the urinary passages (anat.);
enter ( a place); -- salaka (salk) to insert m. al-haw the respiratory
( s.th. in), stick ( s.th. into); to passages (anat.); to enter upon a
pass ( thread, through the eye of course (fig.)
a needle), thread a 423 needle maslak professional, vocational,
( silsila) to chain s.o. up II to clean, industrial, trade (adj.)
clear ( s.th., esp. pipelines, canals, etc.);
to unreel, unwind ( yarn); to clarify, slik cleaning, clearing
unravel, disentangle ( amran slik passable, practicable (road);
muaqqadan a complicated affair) IV to entered upon (course); clear, open, not
insert ( s.th. in), stick ( s.th. into); blocked, not obstructed (also anat.); (pl.
to pass ( thread, through the eye -t) one who follows the spiritual path
of a needle), thread a needle (esp. myst.)
silk pl. aslk thread; string maslk passable, practicable
(also, of a musical instrument); line; wire; (road); entered upon (course)
rail (Mor.); -- organization, body;
profession (as a group or career); corps; salima a ( salma, salm)
cadre s. al-ar or to be safe and sound, unharmed,
(ar) ground wire; ( barya) unimpaired, intact, safe, secure; to be
underwater cable; O unobjectionable, blameless faultless; to be
certain, established, clearly proven (fact); abandon o.s. ( or to s.th.); to give o.s.
to be free ( from); to escape ( over ( or to s.th.; to a man, said of a
danger) II to preserve, keep from injury, woman); to lend o.s., be a party ( or to
protect from harm ( s.o.), save ( s.o. s.th.); to succumb ( to)
from); to hand over intact ( s.th., or salm peace
to s.o.); to hand over, turn over, surrender
( , s.o., s.th., or to s.o.); to deliver ( silm m. and f. peace; the religion of
or to s.o. s.th.); to lay down ( Islam ubb as-s. pacifism
arms); to surrender, give o.s. up ( or silm peaceful; pacifist
to); to submit, resign o.s. ( or to); to
greet. Salute ( s.o.); to grant salvation salam forward buying (Isl. Law); a
(God to the Prophet); to admit, concede, variety of acacia
grant ( s.th.); to consent ( to s.th.), sullam pl. sallim2,
approve ( of s.th.), accept, sanction, sallm2 ladder; (flight of) stairs, stair-
condone ( s.th.) case; stair, step, running board; (mus.)
(amrah) to commit ones cause to God, scale; means, instrument, tool (fig.)
resign o.s. to the will of God; ( mutaarrik) escalator
(rah) to give up the ghost;
( nafasah) to breathe ones last, be sullama step, stair
in the throes of death; salm soundness, unimpairedness,
(nafsah) to give o.s. up to the police; intactness, well-being; peace,
( usn, isa) 424 to peacefulness; safety, security; -- (pl. -t)
put o.s. at s.o.s mercy; ( salim) greeting, salutation; salute; military salute;
give him my best regards! remember me national anthem ( mm)
to him! ( sall) God bless general welfare, commonweal;
him and grant him salvation (eulogy after Paradise; an epithet of Baghdad; Dar es
the name of the Prophet Mohammed) III Salaam (seaport and capital of
to keep the peace, make ones peace, Tanganyika); ( the City of Peace
make up ( with s.o.) IV to forsake, leave, =) Baghdad; nahr as-s. the
desert, give up, betray ( s.o.); to let sink, Tigris; ( salmu), peace
drop ( rasah i. rukbataih be with you! (a Muslim salutation);
ones head, to ones knees); to hand over, upon him be peace (used
turn over ( to s.o., or s.o. or s.th.); to parenthetically after the names of angels
leave, abandon ( s.th. to s.o.); to and of pre-Mohammedan prophets);
deliver up, surrender, expose ( s.o. to); exclamation of dismay, esp. after s.th.
to commit o.s. resign o.s. ( to the will of calamitous has happened: good Lord!
God, with ellipsis of or ( ) good heavens! oh dear!
alone:) to declare o.s. committed to the exclamation of amazement or grief about
will of God, become a Muslim, embrace s.th.: there goes (go) ...! what a pity for ...!
Islam ( amrah) to commit how nice is (are) ...! ( ballig)
ones cause to God, resign o.s. to the will give him my kind regards! remember me
of God; ( ) )rah) to give to him! ( and) thats all, and let it be
up the ghost V to get, obtain ( s.th.); to done with that; ... its all over with
receive ( s.th.); to have ( s.th.) handed ...
over or delivered; to take over, assume (
( Turk. selamlk) selmlk
the management of s.th.)
selamlik, reception room, sitting room,
(m. al-ukm) to take (the reins of) power
parlor
VI to become reconciled with one another,
make peace with one another VIII to salma blamelessness
touch, graze ( s.th.); to receive, get, flawlessness; unimpaired state, soundness,
obtain ( s.th.); to take over ( s.th.), take integrity, intactness; well-being, welfare;
possession ( of) X to surrender, safety, security; smooth progress; success
capitulate; to give way, submit, yield, ( ijmya) collective
security; s. ad-dauq good taste;
)( the integrity of the Islamism; status or capacity of a Muslim
country; s. an-nya sincerity,
guilelessness; in good faith,
bona fide; a speedy recovery!
( a greeting of 425 farewell, said by
the person remaining behind) approx.:
good-by! farewell! over, assumption
(amdu) praised be God for your well-
being! (said to the traveler returning from
a journey)
salm pl. sulam2 safe,
secure; free ( from); unimpaired,
undamaged, unhurt, sound, intact,
complete, perfect, whole, integral;
faultless, flawless; well; safe and sound;
safe; healthy; sane; (euphemistically)
seriously injured or damaged, on the verge
of ruin s. al-bunya healthy,
sound in body; benign (disease);
s. al-aql sane; s. an-nya, unblemished, flawless; (also )
s. al-qalb guileless, sincere, good-
natured; ( dauq) good taste
sulm pl. sulmayt
phalanx, digital bone (of the hand or foot)
sulmya pl. -t phalanx, digital
bone (of the hand or foot)
2
aslam safer; freer; sounder;
healthier
sulaimn Solomon an automobile, and the like)
t s. salmon
sulaimn corrosive sublimate,
mercury chloride
taslm handing over, turning over;
presentation; extradition; surrender (of
s.th.); delivery (com.; of mail);
submission, surrender, capitulation;
salutation; greeting; concession,
admission; assent, consent ( to),
acceptance, approval, condonation,
unquestioning recognition ( of)
muslama conciliation,
pacification
islm submission, resignation,
reconciliation (to the will of God); --
the religion of Islam; the era of
Islam; the Muslims
islm Islamic
islmya the idea of Islam,
look up alphabetically
tasallum receipt; taking over,
assumption; reception
istilm receipt; acceptance; taking
acknowledgment of receipt
istislm surrender, capitulation;
submission, resignation, self-surrender
slim safe, secure; free ( from);
unimpaired, unblemished, faultless,
flawless, undamaged, unhurt, intact, safe
and sound, safe; sound, healthy; whole,
perfect, complete, integral; regular (verb)
( jam) sound (= external)
plural (gram.)
musallam unimpaired, intact,
accepted, uncontested, incontestable,
indisputable, incontrovertible
muslim peaceable, peaceful,
peace-loving; mild-tempered, lenient,
gentle
muslim pl. -n Muslim
mustalim recipient; consignee
( Fr. cylindre) silender pl. -t cylinder (of
) )sal u ( sulw, sulwn) and
saliya a ( suly) to get rid of the
memory of ( or ), forget ( or
s.o., s.th.), think no more ( or of) II
to make ( s.o.) forget ( s.o., s.th.); to
comfort, console, solace ( s.o., for the
loss of); to cheer up ( s.o.); to distract.
divert ( s.o.s mind from); to amuse,
entertain ( s.o.); to alleviate, dispel (
worries and the like) IV = II V to delight,
take pleaure ( in), have a good time,
have fun, amuse o.s. ( with); to console
o.s. ( for s.th. 426 with), find comfort
( for s.th. in); to seek distraction or
diversion ( from s.th. in)
salw, sulw solace, consolation,
comfort; fun, amusement, entertainment,
distraction, diversion; pastime
( ai) he leads a comfortable life
salw consolation, solace, comfort
 salw (n. un. )pl.
salw quail (zool.)
sulwn forgetting, oblivion;
consolation, solace, comfort
maslh pl. maslin object of 2
amusement; amusement, entertainment,
fun, distraction, diversion; solace,
consolation, comfort
tasliya consolation, amusement,
distraction, diversion, fun; pastime,
entertainment
musallin amusing, entertaining;
comforting, consoling; comforter,
consoler
slovniy Slovenia
masl (eg.) = samn: cooking butter
( nabt) vegetable butter
silniym selenium
1
ism pl. asm, asmin name;
appellation; reputation, standing, prestige;
(gram.) noun; isman nominally
pen name, nom de plume;
do.; ( tijr) firm name (com.);
ism alam proper name;
(gram.) primary noun (not derived from a
verb form); ism al-jam (gram.)
collective noun (which, though forming
no nomen unitatis, has a broken plural);
ism al-jins al-jam (gram.) samnjn sky-blue, azure, cerulean
generic collective noun (which can form a
nomen unitatis; e.g., rv. /lamam pigoons);
ism al-ira (gram.) 1
demonstrative pronoun; ( gram.)
diminutive; ism al-adad (gram.)
numeral; ism al-man (gram.)
abstract noun; ism al-ain (gram.)
concrete noun; ( gram.) elative;
ism al-fil (gram.) verbal noun,
nomen verbi; ( gram.) nomen
agentis, active participle;
(gram.) nomen patientis, passive
participle; ism al-marra (gram.)
nomen vicis; ( usn) the 99
names of God (Isl.); in s.o.s 2
name, on behalf of s.o.; in the name
of God;
(tuqaddamu -alabt) applications will be
addressed to the chairman of the society
ism in name only, nominal,
titular; nominal (gram.)
(mablag) nominal par; ( jumla)
nominal clause (gram.); ( qma)
nominal value, face value
samma u (samm) to put poison ( into
s.th.); to poison ( s.o., s.th.) II to poison
( s.th.) V to be poisoned, poison o.s.
samm pl. summ, simm
poison, toxin; venom; opening, hole; eye
(of a needle) ( bai) the
white narcotics (such as cocaine, Heroin,
etc.)
samm f., pl. samim2 hot
wind, hot sandstorm, simoom
masmm2, masmmt (pl.)
pores (of the skin)
masmm porous
masmmya porousness, porosity
tasammum poisoning, toxication;
sepsis ( baul) uremia;
( damaw) blood poisoning, toxemia
smm poisonous; toxic, toxicant;
venomous 427
masmm poisoned; poisonous
musimm poisonous; venomous;
toxic, toxicant
simbtaw sympathetic (physiol.)
III to be on the other side of (), be
opposite s.th. (), face s.th. ()
samt pl. sumt way, road;
manner, mode; azimuth (astron.)
s. ar-ras zenith, vertex
(astron.); s. a-ams ecliptic
(astron.); equinoctial colure
(astron.); s. al-qadam nadir
(astron.); solstitial colure
(astron.); nadir (astron.);
to take the road to ...
pl. of , see
samuja to be ugly, disgusting, revolting II
to make ( s.th.) ugly or loath-some
samj pl. simj and samij pl.
samj ugly, disgusting, loathsome,
revolting
 samj pl. simj, samj,
samaj2 ugly, disgusting,
loathsome, revolting
samja ugliness, abominableness,
odiousness
samua u (sam, sam, head proudly, bear ones head proudly
sama) to be generous, magnanimous,
kind, liberal, openhanded; -- samaa a (
sam) to grant from a generous
heart ( s.o. s.th.); to allow, permit (
or s.o. s.th. or to do s.th.); to
authorize, empower ( s.o. to do s.th.)
God forbid! II to act with
kindness III to show o.s. tolerant ( with
s.o., or in), treat kindly, with
indulgence ( or s.o. in the matter of),
forgive ( or s.o. s.th.) VI to be
indulgent, forbearing, tolerant (
toward s.o. in), show good will ( in); to
be not overparticular ( in); to practice
mutual tolerance X to ask s.o.s ()
permission; to ask forgiveness, apologize
sam magnanimity, generosity;
kindness; liberality, munificence
sam pl. sim magnanimous, 1
generous; kind; liberal, openhanded
sam magnanimity, generosity;
kindness; liberality, munificence;
indulgence, forbearance, tolerance,
forgiveness, pardon; permission ( for, to
do s.th.)
sama magnanimity; generosity;
kindness; liberality, munificence;
indulgence, forbearance, tolerance;
His Eminence, His Eminence
the Mufti (title of a mufti)
sam pl. sumah2 night or in the evening; to converse, talk,
generous, magnanimous; kind, forgiving;
liberal, openhanded
al-anfa as-sam the evening, chat; conversation, talk, chat;
true and tolerant (religion. i.e., Islam)
musmaa pardon, forgiveness;
(pl. -t) vacation, holidays
tasmu indulgence, forbearance,
leniency, tolerance
masm bih allowed,
permitted, permissible, admissible
licenses, privileges, prerogatives
mutasmi indulgent, forbearing
( toward), tolerant
simq pl. samiq2 periosteum
(anat.)
1
samada u ( sumd) to raise ones
erect (also with )II to dung, manure,
fertilize ( the soil)
samd pl. asmida dung,
manure, fertilizer ( in)
428 chemical fertilizer; organic
fertilizer
tasmd manuring, fertilizing
smid: s. ar-ras with
head erect
musammidt fertilizers
2
samd (= )semolina (syr.); a kind
of biscuit or rusk, sometimes ring-shaped
and sprinkled with sesame seed (eg.)
sumdr pl. samdr2 dizziness,
vertigo
samd semolina
samura u ( sumra) to be or turn
brown; -- samara u (samr, sumr) to
chat in the evening or at night; to chat,
talk (generally) II to nail, fasten with nails
( s.th. to or on); to drive in ( al-
mismr the nail) III to spend the night or
evening in pleasant conversation, chat at
night or in the evening ( with s.o.); to
converse, talk, chat( with s.o.) V to be or
get nailed down, be fastened with nails: to
stand as if pinned to the ground VI to
spend the night or evening in pleasant
conversation, chat with one another at
chat IX = I samura
saar pl. asmr nightly, or
night, darkness
sumra brownness, brown color
samr (eg.) a variety of rush used
for plaiting mats (Juncus spinocus F., bot.)
( hind ulb) a variety of
bamboo
samr companion in nightly
entertainment, conversation partner;
 entertainer in general, with stories, songs, samaa u (sam) to scold ( s.th.); to
music, amusing improvisations) prepare ( s.th.)
samra woman partner in nightly sim pl. sum string, thread
or evening conversation; woman (of a pearl necklace)
entertainer; woman companion (who sim pl. -t, sumu,
entertains with lively conversation) asmia cloth on which food is served;
asmar2, f. samr2, pl. meal, repast
sumr brown; tawny; pl. samrwt
masma pl. masmi2
brown-skinned women scalding house (where the carcasses of
masmir2 (pl.) evening or nightly slaughtered animals are scalded)
entertainments (conversations, also O misma pl. masmi2 vine
games, vocal recitals, storytelling, etc.) prop
mismr pl. masmr2 nail; samia a (sam, sam, sama,
peg; pin, tack, rivet; corn (on the toes) masma) to hear ( s.o., s.th.; of
al-ka al-mismr or about s.th.; s.th. from s.o.); to
cuneiform writing learn, be told ( of or about s.th. from
s.o.); to listen, pay attention ( or to
musmara nightly or evening
s.th.; to s.o.), hear s.o. ( )out; to learn
chat; conversation, talk, chat
by hearsay ( about s.th.); to overhear (
smir pl. summr companion s.th.); to give ear, lend ones ear ( or
in nightly entertainment; causeur, to s.o., to s.th.) ( yusma)
conversationalist; entertainer unheard-of II to make or let ( s.o.) hear (
sawmir2 (pl.) evenings of s.th.), give ( s.o. s.th.) to hear; to
entertainment, social evenings; evening or recite ( s.th.); to say ( ones lesson); to
nightly entertainments (conversations, dishonor, discredit ( s.o.) IV to make or
also games, vocal recitals, storytelling, let ( s.o.) hear ( s.th.), give ( s.o. s.th.)
etc.) to hear; to let ( s.o.) know ( s.th. or
about s.th.), tell ( s.o. about s.th.) V to
musammar fastened with nails, give ear, listen, lend ones ear ( to
nailed on, nailed down; provided, or s.o., to s.th.); to eavesdrop, listen
studded, with nails; hobnailed (secretly) VI people heard
musmir companion in nightly about him from one another, word about
entertainment, conversation partner him got around, he became known among
2
people VIII to hear, overhear ( s.th.); to
as-smira the Samaritans listen, listen closely, give ear, lend ones
smir Samaritan; (pl. -n, ear ( or or to s.o. or s.th.); to
samara) a Samaritan eavesdrop; to auscultate ( s.o.)
3
pl. look up alphabetically sam hearing, sense of hearing,
audition; ears; (pl. asm) ear
samarqand2 Samarkand (city in Uzbek
earwitness; as-samu
S.S.R.)
wa--a and saman wa
samsara to act as broker or middleman atan I hear and obey! at your service!
samsara brokerage; caravansary very well! in their hearing, for
them to hear; istaraqa s-sama
simsr pl. samsira, to eavesdrop; to monitor, intercept;
samsir2, samsr2 broker, jobber, ( alq) to listen to s.o.;
429 middleman, agent s. al- madda samah to prick up ones ears
ashum stockbroker
sam auditory, auditive, hearing
samsra (ir.) go-between, match- (used attributively); acoustic; acoustical;
maker
 traditional ilm as-samyt ground, serve, together with thyme, as a
acoustics condiment
suma reputation (specif., good ajar summq porphyry
reputation), credit, standing, name II to make thick, thicken ( s.th.)
)( hamd (asan) reputable,
respectable; )( rad samk roof, ceiling
(sayyi) ill-reputed, disreputable sumk thickness
sam hearing, listening, listening samak (coll.; n. un. )pl.
in; auditioning, audition; hearing, simk, asmk fish s.
receiving (e.g., of a verdict); (gram. and ms plaice (zool.)
lex.) generally accepted usage
samaka (n. un.) a fish; the
sam acoustic; acoustical; Fish, Pisces (astron.)
audible; (gram. and lex.) sanctioned by
common usage; derived from tradition, samak fish-like, fishy, piscine,
traditional, unwritten (Isl. Law) fish (adj.)
samyt acoustics (phys.) simk: as-simkn
Arcturus and Spica Virginis (astron.)
sam pl. suma2 hearing, Arcturus (astron.);
listening; hearer, listener; the All- ( azal) Spice Virginis (astron.);
hearing (one of the 99 attributes of God) ( allaqa) to have high-flown
samma pl. -t earphone; aspirations
earpiece; (telephone) receiver; sammk fishmonger; fisherman,
stethoscope; ear trumpet; knocker, rapper fisher
(of a door)
samk thick
masma earshot, hearing distance
in the hearing of, within samka thickness
earshot of; for him to hear, so masmik2 fish stores, sea-food
that he could hear it stores
misma pl. masmi2 ear; O samkara tinsmiths trade, tinsmithing
stethoscope; (telephone) receiver 430
in their hearing, for them to samkar tinsmith, tinner, white-
hear smith

mismaa earpiece; (telephone) samkarya trade or work of a

receiver tinsmith, tinsmithing

smi pl. -n hearer, listener samala u (saml) to gouge, scoop

masm audible, perceptible
m. al-kalima one whose word
carries weight, is paid attention to
mustami pl. -n hearer, listener;
pl. the audience
1
samaqa u ( sumq) to be high, tall,
lofty, tower up
samq very high, towering; tall
and lanky
smiq very high, lofty, towering
2
summq sumac (Rhus; bot.); its highly
acid seeds which, after being dried and
out, tear out ( ainah s.o.s eye); --
samala u ( suml, sumla) to be
worn, tattered, in rags (garment) IV to be
worn, tattered, in rags (garment) VIII to
gouge, scoop out, tear out ( ainah
s.o.s eye)
samal pl. asml worn
garment; tatters, rags; last remainder of a
liquid in a vessel to
drain the cup to the dregs
samina a (siman, samna) to be or
become fat, corpulent, obese, stout,
plump, fleshy, put on weight II and IV to
make fat or plump, fatten ( s.o.)
 samn pl. sumn clarified to vie with one another for glory; to be
butter, cooking butter high, elevated, raised, erect, lofty, tall,
eminent, prominent; to rise high, tower
siman fatness, plumpness,
up; to be above or beyond s.th. or s.o. (
fleshiness, stoutness, corpulence; obesity
), rise above, tower above ( ;)to claim
simna fatness, plumpness, to be higher in rank ( than s.o. else),
fleshiness, stoutness, corpulence; obesity claim to be above s.o. ( ;)to deem o.s.
summn (coll.; n. un. )pl. highly superior
sammin2 quail (zool.) sumw height, altitude;
samn pl. simn fat; exaltedness, loftiness, eminence, highness
corpulent, plump, fleshy, stout, obese His Grace the Duke;
( malak) His Royal Highness;
summn (coll.; n. un. )quail Her Royal Highness;
(zool.) nobility of character
sammn butter merchant sam m. and f., pl. ((
samna: s. ar-rijl calf samwt heaven, sky; firmament
of the leg the highest heaven
sumn (coll.; n. un. sam heavenly, celestial; sky,
sumnh) pl. sumnayt quail blue, azure, cerulean
(zool.) samw heavenly, celestial; sky,
musamman fat 431 blue, azure, cerulean; descended from
heaven; open-air, outdoor, (being) under
( Sp. cemento) cement the open sky; divine, pertaining to God
samanjn and samnjn and religion
sky-blue, azure, cerulean samy high, elevated; exalted,
samandar salamander lofty, sublime, august
samandal salamander asm higher, farther up, above;
more exalted, higher (in rank), more
samhr tall and husky, extremely tall,
eminent, loftier, more sublime
of giant stature ( ;) spear
(originally epithet of a strong, tough smin pl. sumh high, elevated;
spear) exalted, lofty, eminent, sublime, august
( amr) royal decree; the
sima see
High Commissioner
) )sam u ( sumw) to be high,
sammr pl. sammr2 sable
elevated, raised, erect, lofty, tall, eminent,
(Martes zibellina; zool.)
prominent; to rise high, tower up; to be
above or beyond s.th. or s.o. (), rise II to name, call, designate, denominate (
above, tower above ( ;)to be too proud s.o., s.th., or by or with a name),
(or for); to be too high or difficult ( for give a name ( to s.o., to s.th.); to title,
s.o.), be or go beyond the understanding entitle ( or s.th. as or with); to
of s.o. (), exceed s.o.s () nominate, appoint ( s.o. to s.th.); to
understanding; to rise ( to, above or pronounce the name of God by saying
beyond); to be higher ( than); to strive ( samm llha) or
( for), aspire ( to, after) to to invoke God over s.th. by saying
lift, raise, elevate, elevate load up, bring IV to name, call, designate, denominate (
up s.o. or s.th. ( to); to buoy s.o. up, s.o., s.th., or by or with a name),
boost, encourage s.o. III to seek to surpass give a name ( to s.o., to s.th.); to title,
or excel ( s.o.): to vie for superiority or entitle ( s.th., or as or with) V to be
glory ( with s.o.) IV to lift, raise, elevate, called, be named he was
erect, load up, bring up ( s.o., s.th.) VI named Zaid, he called himself Zaid
 ism see 1
samy namesake
tasmiya pl. -t naming,
appellation, designation, name,
denomination; nomenclature; =
basmala (use of the formula (
musamman named, called, by
name of; -- (pl. musammayt)
designation, appellation, name; sense,
meaning (of a word)
(ajalin) for a limited period,
for an indefinite time, sine die, until
further notice
2
sana pl. sinn, sanawt year
( muammadya) Mohammedan
year; leap year;
(masya) year of the Christian era, A.D.;
( hijrya) year of the Muslim era
(after the hegira), A.H.;
(mldya) year of the Christian era, A.D.
sanaw annual, yearly;
sanawyan annually, yearly, in one year,
per year, per annum
musnahatan annually, yearly
2
sina see
3
sanna u (sann) to sharpen, whet, hone,
grind ( s.th.); to mold, shape, form (
s.th.); to prescribe, introduce, enact,
establish ( a law, a custom) to
enact, or pass, a law II to sharpen, whet,
hone, grind ( s.th.); to indent, jag, notch
( s.th.) IV to grow teeth, cut ones teeth,
teethe; to grow old, to age; to be advanced
in years VIII to clean and polish ones
teeth with the ;to take, follow ( a
course or way); to prescribe, introduce,
enact, establish ( a law, a custom)
( sunnata m.) to follow the Sunna
of Mohammed
sann prescription, introduction,
enactment, issuance (of laws)
sinn f., pl. asnn, asinna, sanbdaj grindstone, whetstone; emery
asunn tooth (also, e.g., of a comb; of a
saw blade); jag; cog, sprocket, prong; tusk
(of an elephant, of a boar, etc.); fang (of a
snake, etc.); point, tip (of a nail), nib (of a
pen); (pl. asnn) age (of a person); --
(eg.) coarse flour, seconds s.
ar-rud legal age, majority; s. al-
fl ivory; young; old;
to be advanced in years, be
aged; ( taqaddamat) to grow
older, to age; to be advanced in years
sunna pl. sunan habitual
practice, customary procedure or action,
norm, usage sanctioned by tradition;
or s. an-naby the Sunna of the
Prophet, i.e., his sayings and doings, later
established as legally binding precedents
(in addition to the Law established by the
Koran) ahl as-s. the Sunnites,
the orthodox Muslims; law of
nature
sunn Sunnitic; (pl. -n) Sunnite,
Sunni
sanan customary practice, usage,
habit, rule
sinn pl. asinna spearhead
sann tooth powder
asann2 older, farther advanced in
years
misann pl. -t, masann
whetstone, grindstone; razor strop
masnn prescribed (as Sunna),
sanctioned by law and custom; sharpened,
whetted, honed; tapered; pointed (e.g.,
mustache, features); stinking, fetid (mire)
musannan toothed, serrated,
dentate, denticulate, indented, jagged;
pointed, sharp; sharp-featured
(countenance)
musannana pl. -t cogwheel
musinn pl. masnn2 old, aged,
advanced in years; of legal age, legally
major
see
sinnra pl. sannr2 fishing tackle;
fishhook
sunbq pl. sanbiq2 barge, skiff,
boat
1
sunbuk pl. sanbik2 toe of the hoof;
hoof; awl, punch, borer
2
sunbuk pl. sanbik and
sunbk pl. sanbk2 barge, skiff,
boat
sunbul (coll.; n. un. )pl. -t,
sanbil2 ear, spike (of grain); Virgo
(astron.) ( rm) Celtic lean ( s.th.) III to support, back, assist,
spikenard (Nardus celtica; bot.);
( hind) Indian spikenard
(Nardotachys jatamansi; bot.)
sunbul spiciform, spicat, shaped
like a spike or ear (bot.)
sanbsik, sanbsak (syr., ir.) triangular
meat pie with a wavy bread crust
cent
satimitr pl. -t centimeter
1
sanja pl. sinaj, sanajt weight
(placed as a counterpoise on the scales of
a balance)
2
singa (from Turk. sng) pl. sinag
bayonet (eg.)
3
sinj soot, smut
sinjb gray squirrel; fur of the gray
squirrel
sinjb ash-colored, ashen, gray
sanjaq pl. sanjiq2 standard, flag,
banner; sanjak, administrative district and
subdivision of a vilayet (in the Ottoman
Empire)
sanaa a (sun, sun, sun) to
occur ( to s.o.), come to s.o,s mind (,
idea, thought); to present itself, offer itself
( to s.o., esp. an opportunity); to afford (
s.o s.th.); -- to dissuade ( s.o. from
his opinion), argue or reason ( s.o. out
of his opinion)
sni pl. sawni2 turning its
right side toward the viewer (game or
bird); auspicious, propitious; favorable,
good (opportunity); pl. auspices,
good omens, auspicious signs; ideas,
thoughts
snia opportunity
sink pl. asnk, sunk root, al-b. bill of lading;
origin; alveolus, gingival margin of a
tooth (anat.)
sanak rankness (of oil). fustiness
sanik rank, rancid (oil), fusty
sanka rankness (of oil), fustiness
1
sanada u ( sund) to support o.s., prop
o.s. rest ( on, upon), lean, recline (
upon, against) II to support, stay, prop,
help, aid ( s.o.) IV to make ( s.o.) rest (
on); to make ( s.o.) lean or recline (
against, on); to lean ( s.th. against); to
rest, support, prop ( s.th. on); to base,
found ( s.th. on); (science of Islamic
traditions:) to base a tradition ( )on s.o. (
)as its first authority, i.e., to trace back
the ascription of a tradition. in ascending
order of the traditionaries, to its first
authority so as to corroborate its
credibility; (gram.) to lean a term ()
upon another ( )being the subject of the
sentence, i.e., to predicate it, make it its
predicate; to entrust ( or s.th. to
s.o.). vest ( or s.th. in s.o.); to
attribute, ascribe ( or to s.o. s.th.);
to incriminate, charge ( s.o. with); to
lean ( against, to, on), rest ( on); to be
based, he founded ( on)
(tuhma) to direct ones suspicion on 434
or toward ...; ( usnidat)
suspicion fell on ... VI to support one
another, give mutual support; to support
o.s. lean, rest; to trust, rely VIII to lean,
recline, be recumbent ( against,
on); to rest ones arms, ones weight (
on), support ones weight ( by);
to be based, be founded ( on); to
rely ( on), trust, have confidence (
in); to use as (documentary) basis
(, s.th.), rest ones case on ((
sanad pl. -t, asnd support, prop,
stay, rest, back; backing; (pl. )
ascription (of an Islamic tradition), the
(uninterrupted) chain of authorities on
which a tradition is based
(kaabya) wooden struts, wood bracing;
-- (pl. -t) document, deed, paper, legal
instrument; voucher, record; commercial,
or negotiable, paper, security, bond;
debenture, promissory note, note of hand,
debenture bond s. san
informants,
authorities, sources
sandn, sindn pl. sandn2
anvil
 musnad, masnad pl. masnid2 2
support, prop, stay; rest, back (of an
armchair); cushion, pillow
isnd pl. asnd2 ascription 1
(of an Islamic tradition), the
(uninterrupted) chain of authorities on
which a tradition is based;
(documentary) proof, vouchers, records,
documents
istind leaning ( against or
upon); dependence ( on) singfra Singapore
based on, on the basis of, on the strength
of
musnad pl. masnid2 (science (bot.)
of Islamic traditions:) a tradition the
ascription of which is traceable, in
(uninterrupted) ascending order of the
traditionaries, to its first authority; mesh;
predicate (gram.); subject
(gram.)
mustanid relying, in reliance (
on), trusting ( to)
mustanad reason, cause; motive;
-- (pl. -t) document, paper, deed, legal
instrument; voucher, record; receipt; pl.
(documentary) proof, records, data; legal
evidence (jur.) archives,
office of public records; m.
a-an bills of lading
2
as-sind region extending along the lower
course and delta of the Indus river; the
province of Sind, of West Pakistan, with
the capital city Karachi; the inhabitants of
this region
sandars sandarac (a resin obtained 1
from the sandarac tree, Callitris
quadrivalvis)
sundus silk brocade, sarcenet
sundus (made) of silk brocade or
sarcenet
( = see above) 2
sindiyn (coll.; n. un. )evergreen oak, 1
holm oak (Quercus ilex; bot.)
sindiyn oaken; like oak. oaky 2
( Fr. syndic) sandk syndic, agent of a
corporation
1
sinnaur, pl. sannr2 cat
sinnra pl. sannr2 fishing tackle,
fishhook
as-sanskrtya Sanskrit
san a variety of sant tree (Acacia
nilotica; bot.)
2
sana (eg.) wart
sanr dulcimer (= )
sinr, sanr psalter; dulcimer
sinigl
sinf (coll.; n. un. m) pod, capsule, hull
sanfara emery
sankar pl. sankira tinsmith,
tinsman, tinner, whitesmith
sinaksr synaxarion, martyrologium
(Chr.)
( Turk. sng) snge bayonet (syr.)
sinkn cinchona (bot.)
V to ascend, mount, scale ( s.th.)
( darwat l-mal) to attain to
greatest honors
sanama height, summit, peak
sanm pl. asnima hump (of
the camel)
m at-tasnm the beverage of
the blessed in Paradise
tasannum accession to the throne
musannam convex, vaulted, arched
sinimmr2: jazhu jaz s.
he repaid him as they had repaid S., i.e.,
he requited evil with good
2
sanamra anchovy; salted and smoked
fish
1
V to become stale, spoil (food)
musnahatan annually, yearly
san, s. makk, s. maka (bot.)
senna (tree), senna leaflets (pharm.)
)and ( san u ( san) to gleam,
shine, glisten, be resplendent, radiate; to
flash (lightning) II to facilitate, ease, make
easy ( s.th.) V to be easy, be possible, be
 feasible ( for or to s.o.), be rendered
possible or feasible ( for s.o.), be put in
s.o.s ( )power; to rise, be elevated, be
exalted
and sanan brilliance,
resplendence, splendor, flare, flash,
sparkle
san brilliance, resplendence,
splendor, radiance, flash, flare (of
lightning); exaltedness, sublimity,
majesty, high rank
sany high, sublime, exalted,
splendid more shining, more radiant, more
brilliant
sniya pl. sawnin water
scoop
musannh pl. musannayt
jetty, dam
( Gr. ) sindos synod
sann swallow (zool.)
sanaw annual, yearly; sanawyan
annually. yearly, per year, per annum
IV to speak at great length, talk in detail (
about, of), enlarge, elaborate,
expatiate, dilate ( on)
suhb pl. suhb level country;
steppe region
ishb elaboration, elaborateness,
expatiation, long-windedness, prolixity
elaborately, in detail, at length,
lengthily
mushib, mushab prolix, long-
winded, lengthy, detailed, elaborate
sahida a (sahad) to be sleepless, find no
sleep n to make sleepless, keep awake,
deprive of sleep ( s.o.) V = I
suhd sleeplessness, insomnia
suhud insomniac
suhd sleeplessness, insomnia
shid sleepless, awake 436
sahara a (sahar) to be sleepless, find no
sleep, pass the night awake (also with
;)to stay up at night, spend the night (
in or with some activity); to watch (
over), guard ( s.o.s interests, etc.),
look after (), attend to ( s.o.s
interests, etc.) to attend a
gathering in the evening or at night IV to
make sleepless, keep awake ( s.o.)
sahar sleeplessness, insomnia;
wakefulness, vigil; watchfulness,
vigilance ( over) I
spent a long evening with him
sahra pl. sahart evening; evening
party, evening gathering, evening show or
performance, soiree ( lailya)
do.; )( evening dress, formal
dress
sahrn sleepless, awake,
wakeful; watchful, vigilant
suhr sleeplessness, insomnia;
wakefulness, vigil
sahhr one who is habitually up
and abroad at night, a nighthawk
O ashar spermatic duct (anat.)
mashar pl. mashir2
nightclub
shir sleepless, awake, wakeful;
watchful, vigilant; evening, night,
nocturnal, nightly, taking place by night
( afla) evening party, evening
gathering, evening show or performance,
soire
sahifa a (sahaf) to be very thirsty
suhf violent thirst
sahula u ( suhla) to be smooth,
level, even (ground); to be or become
easy, facile, convenient ( for)
hardly ... II to smooth, level, even (
the ground); to facilitate, make easy, ease
( or for s.o. s.th.); to provide,
furnish, supply ( or s.o. with
facilities); (gram.) to read without hamzah
( a word) ill to be indulgent, mild,
forbearing, obliging ( toward s.o.), show (
s.o.) ones good will
(nafsah) to take liberties IV to purge
(med.); to relieve ( the constipated
bowels, said of a medicine); pass. ushila
to be relieved (said of constipated
bowels), have a bowel movement, have
diarrhea V to be or become easy ( for) VI
to be indulgent, mild, forbearing, obliging,
tolerant ( toward s.o., also ;)to be
 negligent, careless ( in s.th.) X to deem (mubin) to take an active part in,
easy, think to be easy ( s.th.) participate actively in ...;
( wa-nabin) do.
sahl and shil smooth, level, even,
soft (ground); easy, facile, convenient ( suhm graveness; sadness,
for s.o.); simple, plain; fluent, flowing, mourning
facile (style); -- (pl. suhl) level, soft ashum share-, stock- (in
ground; plain handy, easy compounds)
to handle or to use, convenient for use;
s. al-ham easily digestible, mushama participation, taking
light; ( umla) soft currency; part ( in), sharing ( of)
to be easy for s.o., come easy irkat al-m. joint-stock company,
to s.o.; see corporation
O sahla (proof) planer (typ.) shim with earnest mien,
gravefaced
suhail Canopus (astron.)
mushim shareholder,
sahl purgative, laxative, aperient stockholder
(adj. and n.)
suhla easiness, ease, facility,
convenience easily, conveniently ) )sah u (sahw, suhw) to be
inattentive, absent-minded, distracted; to
ashal smoother, evener, leveler; neglect, omit, forget, overlook ( s.th.)
easier; more convenient suhiya alaihi to be lost in
tashl pl. -t facilitation thought
ishl diarrhea sahw inattentiveness, inattention,
inadvertence, absent-mindedness
tashul indulgence, mildness,
distractedness; negligence, neglectfulness,
leniency, forbearance, tolerance;
forgetfulness sahwan inattentively,
carelessness, negligence
distractedly, absent-mindedly, heedlessly,
musahhil purgative, laxative, negligently; inadvertently, by mistake
aperient; (pl. -t) a purgative, a laxative
sahwa a kind of alcove
437
sahwn2 inattentive, heedless,
mushal suffering from diarrhea
distracted, absent-minded, forgetful
mutashil indulgent, mild,
shin inattentive, absent-minded,
lenient, forbearing, tolerant
negligent, forgetful shiyan
mustashal easy, facile lhiyan amusing o.s. in a carefree manner,
sahama u ( suhm) to look grave, have completely at ease 2 ) )sa u (
a grave expression III to cast, or draw, lots sau) to be or become bad, evil, foul,
( with s.o.); to participate, take part ( wicked; to become worse, deteriorate
in), partake ( of s.th.), share ( s.th.) IV (condition); to grieve, sadden, afflict, hurt,
to give a share ( to s.o. in), make s.o. ( vex, torment, trouble, offend, pain, make
)share s.th. () sorry, displease ( s.o.)
(sablan) what an evil way (= what an evil
sahm pl. sihm, ashum, practice) this is! ( annan) to
suhm arrow; dart; -- (pl. ashum) think badly of s.o., have a poor opinion of
portion, share, lot; share (of stock); s.o.; ( liuh) he was under an
sahme, a square measure of 7.293 m2 (Eg.) evil star, was ill-starred, he was unlucky
rocket; founders' or unfortunate; yasun I am sorry
shares, original shares; a. al- II to do badly, spoil, harm ( s.th.); to
qar bonds, government bonds; blame, censure ( s.o. for s.th.); to
al-a. shareholders, stockholders; disapprove ( of s.th. in s.o.), dislike (
the die is cast; s.th. in s.o.) IV to do badly, spoil,
harm ( s.th.); to deal badly ( with s.o.),
act meanly or evilly ( toward s.o.); to do
evil ( to s.o.), wrong ( s.o.); to harm (
s.o.), do harm ( to); to hurt, offend,
insult ( s.o.); to inflict pain ( on s.o.)
( taarrufa) to misbehave,
comport o.s. badly; to go
about ... in an evil manner;
(anna) to think badly of s.o., have a poor
opinion of s.o.; to choose a poor
expression, express o.s. poorly;
to misuse, abuse s.th.;
(mumalatah) to mistreat s.o., treat s.o.
badly; ( fahma) to misunderstand
VIII to go through rugged times, fall on
evil days; to be unpleasantly affected; to
be offended, 438 hurt, annoyed, indignant,
upset, angered, displeased ( about, at,
by); to be dissatisfied, discontent (
with); to take amiss ( s.th.)
s pl. asw evil, ill; iniquity,
injury, offense; calamity, misfortune
s. al-bakt misfortune, bed luck;
s. al-a do.; sawr horseman, cavalryman, sowar;
unfortunately; s. al-kuluq ill
nature, ill-temperedness; bad
conditions; bad situation,
predicament; s. al-idra mal-
administration, mismanagement;
bed behavior, misbehavior,
misconduct; s. a-ann poor
opinion; bad relations; ( ( sa u to travel, rove, roam about
s. al-mumala mistreatment;
abuse, misuse; s. al-fahm square; (open) space; arena; field (fig.)
misunderstanding; s. at-tafhum
mutual misunderstanding, disharmony,
discord; s. al-qad evil intent;
s. an-nya do.; s. al- tribunal, forum;
ham indigestion
saua pl. -t shame, disgrace;
disgraceful act, atrocity; private part,
pudendum; pudenda ( sauatan)
shame on you!
sayyi bad, evil, ill, foul
s. al-a unfortunate; unlucky
person; s. al-kuluq ill-natured;
s. at-tarbiya bad-mannered,
badly brought up; s. as-suma
ill-reputed, disreputable; s. a-
ab ill-natured, ill-tempered;
unlucky, unfortunate; unlucky person;
( aswaa) from bed to worse
sayyia pl. -t sin, offense,
misdeed; bed side, disadvantage (of s.th.)
masa pl. maswi 2 evil
deed, vile action; pl. disadvantages, bad
sides, drawbacks, shortcomings
isa misdeed; offense, affront,
insult; sin, offeence i. ann
poor opinion ( of); i. al-
mumala mistreatment, etc., see IV
above
istiy dissatisfaction, discontent,
indignation, displeasure, annoyance,
vexation
mus displeasing, unpleasant,
offensive; harmful, disadvantageous,
pernicious; insulting
must offended, displeased,
annoyed, vexed, indignant ( about, at,
by); dissatisfied, discontent ( with)
2
see
horsemen, cavalry
( Fr. soutien) stiyn pl. -t brassiere
( Fr. saut) sth sauted
1
look up alphabetically
2
see
sa pl. -t, courtyard, open
s. al-arb theater of war;
courts, tribunals; battle
field, war zone; s. al-qa
athletic field,
sports field; barraa satah to
acquit s.o.
saww pl. -n, traveler, tourist
si pl. -n, suyy,
suww traveler, tourist; itinerant dervish;
anchorite (Chr.)
) )ska u ( sauk) to be or become
doughy, soft, slippery (esp. ground), yield
like mud; to sink ( in the ground,
of the foot) ( ruh) to
become faint, swoon 439
1
II to make black, blacken ( s.th.); to
draft ( a letter, etc.), make a rough draft (
 of s.th.); to cover with writing (
sheets), scribble ( on sheets)
(wajhah) to expose s.o., show s.o. up,
make a fool of s.o., bring s.o. into
disrepute, discredit, disgrace, dishonor s.o.
IX to be or become black
sawd black color, black,
blackness; (pl. aswida) black
clothing, mourning; arable land, tilth;
shape, form; inner part, core; majority;
multitude or the rural the Navy (Eg. 1939)
areas of Iraq; the great mass,
the great majority, the largest part;
the common people, the masses;
s. al-ain eyeball; suburb,
outskirts of the city; s. al-lail the
long, dark night
aswad2, f. saud2, pl. sd
black; dark-colored; -- aswad2 pl.
sdn a black, Negro ((
the Sudan; severest reproaches;
coal-black, jet-black
saud2 black bile (one of the four
humors of ancient medicine); melancholy,
sadness, gloom
suwaid2 black bile (one of the
four humors of ancient medicine);
melancholy, sadness, gloom;
Suweida (capital of the Jebel ed Druz)
s. al-qalb the deepest folds of
the heart, the inmost
saudw melancholic, 3
depressed, dejected
(( ( bild) as-sdn the Sudan
sdn Sudanese; (pl. -n) a
Sudanese
taswd rough draft
musawwada, muswadda draft,
rough copy, rough sketch, notes; day-book
m. a-ab proof sheet, galley emotion) V to scale ( a wall, a cliff, etc.)
proof
2 sr pl. aswr wall; enclosure,
) )sda u ( siyda, sudud, fence, railing
sudad) to be or become master, head,
chief, chieftain, sovereign, lord, overlord (
of or over people, of or over s.th.),
rule, govern (, s.o., s.th.), reign (
over); to prevail (e.g., view), reign (e.g.,
calm); to be predominant, predominate,
have the upperhand ( over) II to make (
s.o.) master, head, chief, chieftain,
sovereign, lord, overlord
sayyid pl. asyd, sda,
sdt master; gentleman; Mister;
Sir; lord, overlord; chief, chieftain; title of
Mohammeds direct descendants
(sayyid, colloq. sd) honorific before the
names of Muslim Saints (esp. magr.);
Mr. So-and-So; ( magr.) do.;
Supreme Commander of
sayyida pl. -t mistress; lady; Mrs.
( aqlatuh) his wife;
Mrs. So-and-So
siyda command, mastery;
domination, rule, dominion; supremacy;
sovereignty; title and form of address of
bishops (Chr.); siydt ... (with foll.
genit.) nowadays, in Egypt, general title of
respect preceding the name, = you,
a respectful address introduced after the
abolition of titles of rank and social class
in Egypt s. al-murn His
Eminence the Metropolitan;
approx.: His Excellency the President
(Eg.); ( daula) sovereign state
sudud, sudad dominion,
domination, rule, reign, power,
sovereignty
sid prevailing (opinion, feeling,
mood, calm, etc.)
look up alphabetically 440
4
look up alphabetically and under 2
saudana to Sudanize (Eg.)
saudana Sudanization (Eg.)
1
II to enclose, fence in, wall in, surround
with a railing or wall ( s.th.) III to leap (
at s.o.), beset, assail, attack, assault (
s.o.); to befall, overcome, grip ( s.o.,
sra pl. suwar chapter of the
Koran, sura
saura vehemence, force, violence;
severity (of cold)
2
siwr, suwr pl. sr, aswira, ) )sa u (sau) to whip, flog, lash,
aswir2, aswira bracelet, scourge ( s.o.)
armlet, bangle; armband; cuff, wristband sau pl. asw, siy
3
look up alphabetically whip, lash, scourge
4
look up alphabetically miswa stick or similar implement
5 used for stirring
sr Syrian; (pl. -n) a Syrian
6 sa pl. -t, s (short) time,
sriy Syria ( janbya)
while; hour; timepiece, clock, watch;
Palestine; ( ugr) do.;
the Hour of Resurrection; as-sata
( kubr) (Greater) Syria
now, at present, by this time, at this
7
srya2 = moment, in this instant; at once, instantly,
(1 )ssa u ( siysa) to dominate, immediately, just ( wa-
govern, rule ( s.o.): to lead, guide, ukr) from hour to hour; until
conduct, direct ( s.o., s.th.); to now; from now on, henceforth;
administer, manage, regulate ( s.th.); -- immediately, presently, instantly,
sawisa yaswasu to be or become worm- at once; from now on,
eaten; to become carious (tooth); to rot, henceforth; he died instantly;
decay (bones) II and V = sawisa s. al-jaib pocket watch;
( ramlya) hourglass;
ss (coll.: n. un. )pl. ssn (amsya) sundial; ibn satih
woodworm, borer; mothworm transitory, ephemeral
ss licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra; sataidin in that hour
bot.) irq s. licorice root;
rubb as-s. licorice rob, thickened st pl. -ya watchmaker
licorice juice suwaia pl. -t little hour, little
siysa pl. -t administration, while
management: p;olicy; siysatan for ) )sga u (saug, masg) to
reasons of expediency (Isl. Law) be easy to swallow, go down pleasantly
( duwalya) diplomacy; (drink, food); to be permissible, be
(amalya) practical policy, Real-politik; permitted, allowed ( to s.o.); to swallow (
O s. at-tawassu policy of s.th.); to permit, allow, accept, tolerate (
expansion s.th.), put up ( with s.th.), swallow,
siys political; diplomatic; -- (pl. stomach s.th. (, fig.) II to make
-n, ssa) politician; diplomat, permissible, permit, allow ( to s.o.
statesman political circles; s.th.), admit ( s.th.); to justify, warrant (
( silk) diplomatic corps; s.th. with); to lease, let ( s.th.) IV to
( ilm al-iqtid) political wash down, swallow easily ( s.th.);
science, political economy (fig.:) to take, swallow, stomach ( s.th.),
stand for s.th. (), put up with s.th. ( )V
tasawwus (dental) caries to lease ( s.th.), take a lease ( of s.th.)
sis pl. ssa, suwws, X to regard as easy to swallow, find
suyys stableman, groom; driver pleasant ( s.th.); to taste, enjoy, relish (
(primarily of animals); manager, leader s.th.); to approve ( of s.th.), admit, grant
2
( s.th.), deem ( s.th.) proper
as-suws Suez (seaport in NE Egypt)
qanl as-s. Suez Canal masg easy access; possibility;
3
permission ( yastai) he
see couldnt put up with ..., couldnt reconcile
susta zipper (eg.) himself to ..., couldnt swallow ...;
( masga, akk) one cannot possibly
sausan, ssan lily of the valley (bot.)
doubt it
 taswg hiring out on lease, leasing to ... VIII to drive, urge on, herd ( cattle)
( qar) Lease Act 442
(pol., Tun.) sauq driving (of a car); draft,
sig easy to swallow; tasty, conscription ( li-l-jundya for
palatable; permissible, permitted, allowed military service); mobilization (of troops,
also of forces, energies, etc.)
musawwig pl. -t justifying factor,
ijzat as-s. driving license
justification, good reason
O sauqya strategy
mustasg easy to swallow; tasty,
palatable sqa f., pl. sq, sqn
shank; thigh; leg (also geom.); side
II to put off ( s.o.); to postpone, draw
(geom.); trunk (of a tree); stem, stalk (of
out, delay, procrastinate ( s.th.)
plants) s. al-amm bugloss
saufa (abbreviated form sa) (Anchusa officinalis; bot.);
particle of future tense, e.g., rabat as-s. garter; Order of
(tar) you will see the Garter; am as-s. shinbone,
masfa pl. -t, maswif2 tibia; mutasw s-sqain
distance, interval, stretch; (mus.) interval isosceles (geom.);
at some distance (arbu) the war was or became violent,
flared up; war broke out;
taswf pl. -t procrastination, ( kaafat) do.; the
postponement, delay, deferment matter became difficult;
taswf dilatory, delaying, (s. il-jidd) to turn ones zeal to, apply o.s.
procrastinating to, exert o.s., make efforts in order to ... ;
( qadam) in full swing, carried
sfis sophistic on most energetically (undertaking,
suyt, sovyt Soviet preparations, etc.); arsala
sqah li-r-r to speed along like the
sufyt, sovyt
wind
soviet (adj.) ( ittid) the
Soviet Union sqa rear guard, arrire-garde
) )sqa u (sauq, siyqa, sq mostly f., pl. aswq
masq) to drive, urge on, herd ( bazaar street; market; O fair
prisoners, cattle); to draft, conscript ( s. al-birr wa-l-isn charity
li-l-jundya for military service); to drive ( bazaar; ( urra) the free market;
an automobile); to pilot ( an airplane); charity bazaar;
to carry along, convey, transport ( s.th.); (kairya) do.; (( aswad) the
to send, dispatch, forward, convey, hand black market; ( mutarak) the
over ( s.th. to s.o.); to utter ( s.th.); Common Market; s. an-naqd
to cite, quote, propound, put forth ( s.th.) money market (stook exchange);
( masqah) to follow the produce markets;
example or path of s.o.; to carry s. uqd al-qun cotton exchange
on the conversation; to sqa subjects; rabble, mob
address s.o.; ( yusqu) you
are the one that is meant II to market, sell sq plebeian, common, vulgar
( merchandise) III to accompany ( s.o.); sawq a kind of mush made of
to go along, agree ( with s.o.) V to trade wheat or barley (also with sugar and
in the market, sell and buy in the market dates)
VI to draw out; to form a sequence, be
successive, be continuous, be coherent; to suwaiq and suwaiqa stem,
harmonize VII to drift; to be driven; to be stalk (of plants)
carried away, be given over suwaiqa small market
to carry s.o. away to ..., drive or urge s.o.
 siyq succession, sequence, to treat s.o. unjustly, wrong s.o.; to
course, thread (of conversation); context humiliate s.o.; -- ( siyma) to ordain,
consecrate (a priest, a bishop, etc.; Chr.) II
siwq pl. -n driver (of animals);
driver, chauffeur; (railroad) engineer to impose, force ( upon s.o. a difficult
task), coerce ( s.o. to s.th. difficult); to
masq trend of things, course, demand of s.o. ( )s.th. ( )beyond his
development, or progress, of s.th.; power; to assess estimate ( the value of
it amounts to ..., comes to , winds up in an object); to mark, provide with a mark (
, is ultimately aimed at ; also see s.th.) ill to bargain, haggle, chaffer over
sqa above course of a price ( with s.o.); to bargain, haggle (
studies; we have come to or with s.o. over) IV to let (
the point where ... cattle) graze freely; to let ( the eye)
taswq marketing, sale (of wander VI to bargain, haggle ( over,
merchandise) for) VID to bargain, haggle, chaffer ( or
over, for)
taswqa (eg.) bargain,
advantageous purchase muswama pl. -t bargaining,
haggling
taswuq coherence, interrelation,
connection, context; harmony sima pl. sawim2 freely
grazing livestock
saiq driving; driving force; -- pl. 2
-n sqa) driver (of animals); chauffeur, look up alphabetically
driver; (aircraft) pilot 3
see 2
musauqar (tun.) = musaukar smir Sumer
) )ska u (sauk) to rub, scrub, scour ( smara Sumatra
s.th.) II to clean and polish, brush, clean (
look up alphabetically
the teeth)
shag Sohag (city in central Egypt, on
siwk pl. sk a small stick
the Nile)
(the tip of which is softened by chewing
or beating) used for cleaning and sawiya a to be equivalent, be equal ( to
polishing the teeth s.th.), equal ( s.th.) II to even, level,
nivellate, flatten, straighten ( s.th.); to
miswk pl. maswk2 =
smooth ( s.th.); to smooth down ( s.th.,
e.g., folds, wrinkles; ones clothes);
saukara to insure ( goods, etc.); to to equalize, make equal ( s.th. to s.th.
register ( a letter) else), put ( s.th.) on the same level (
musaukar insured; registered with s.th.); to put two persons on
(letter) 443 an equal footing, treat two persons as
1
equals, reconcile two persons; to make
II to talk or argue s.o. ( )into s.th. evil or regular, make good ( s.th.); to cook
fateful ( ;)to entice, seduce ( s.o., said properly ( s.th.); to regulate, arrange,
of the Devil) ( nafsuh) he make up, smooth over, settle, put in order
let himself be seduced ( to) ( a dispute, a controversy, etc.)
2
tasawwala (for tasala) to beg to crush s.o.s pride III to be
equivalent, be equal ( to s.th.), equal (
tasawwul begging, beggary s.th.); to be worth ( s.th.); to equalize,
mutasawwil pl. -n beggar make equal ( s.th. to s.th. else), put (
1 s.th.) on the same level ( with); to
) )sma u (saum) to offer for sale ( a
establish equality ( -- between --
commodity); to impose ( upon s.o. a
and); to make them equals,
punishment or task), force ( upon s.o. a
equalize them, put them on the same
difficult task); to demand of s.o. ( )s.th. (
footing; to regulate, arrange, make up,
)beyond his power ( kasfan)
smooth over, settle, put in order ( a
dispute, a controversy, etc.); =
( saww) VI to be equal or
similar; to be balanced, keep the balance
VIII to be even, regular, equal; to be
equivalent ( to); to be on the same level;
to be or become straight, even, level; to
stand upright, erect, straight; to straighten
up; to sit down ( on), mount ( s.th.);
to sit firmly ( on an animal); to be
properly cooked, be well done; to ripen,
mature, be or become ripe
siwan, suwan equality, sameness;
(with foll. genit. or suffix) other than,
except ( addin) equal(ly),
indiscriminate(ly), alike, the same;
faalah al siwhu he
preferred him to everybody else; --
-- only, nothing but
saw equal; equality, sameness;
sawa except ( ladaihi)
444 it is all the same to him, he is
indifferent to everything;
(sawan) equally, indiscriminately,
without distinction; together;
likewise, in like manner, equally, evenly,
indiscriminately, without distinction; all
the same, making no difference; it
doesnt make any difference for ...;
( ) )sawan) regardless whether --
or ..., no matter whether -- or ..., be it
that ... - or ..., -- do.;
the disciples of even, smooth, regular; well done
Socrates, both Athenians and non-
Athenians; ) )
(Muhammaajja) the straight, right path
sawy pl. aswiy straight;
right, correct, proper; unimpaired, intact,
sound; straight-bodied, straight-shaped, of
regular build or growth; even, regular,
well-proportioned, shapely, harmonious;
sawyan in common, jointly, together
sawya pl. sawy equality;
sawyatan together, jointly
siyy (for m. and f.) pl. asw
equal, similar, (a)like they are
alike, are the same; they are
both the same to me
l syam especially, in
particular, mainly
sawsiya (pl.) equal, alike
)( they are equals
taswiya leveling, nivellation;
settlement, arrangement, adjustment (of
controversies, etc.); equalization;
settlement (of a bill)
outstanding, unsettled, unpaid (com.)
muswh equality, equivalence;
equal rights, equality before the law;
settlement, composition (com.)
taswin equality, equivalence,
sameness; equal rights, equality before the
law or likewise, in
like manner, equally, evenly, regularly
istiw straightness; evenness,
levelness; equality, regularity, steadiness
ka al-ist. equator
istiw equatorial, tropical
( minaqa) or
the tropics
muswin equal, equivalent, similar
mutaswin equal, similar, (a)like;
even, equable, equally strong; of equal
weight, equipoised, equiponderant
equidistant; m. z-
zawy equiangular (geom.);
m. s-sqain isosceles (geom.);
equilateral (geom.)
mustawin straight, upright, erect;
(cooking); ripe, mature
mustawan level, niveau, standard
water level;
(ilm) scientific level; m. l-
ayh standard of living; ( with
foll. genit.) on an equal level or footing
with ...
( Fr. la Sude) as-suwd Sweden
suwd Swede; Swedish
as-suws Suez (seaport in NE Egypt)
( )( qant, qanl) Suez Canal
( It. Svizzera) swiser Switzerland
swiser Swiss
1
siya pl. -t curved part of a bow
2
s short form of sayyid, Mr., Sir
(esp. magr.)
3
siyy, see
siym Siam, Thailand
siyn cyanogen 445
) )sba i (saib) to flow, stream, run
(water); to run along, speed along, glide
along, creep along, crawl along; to walk
fast, hurry; (eg.) to leave, give up,
relinquish ( s.th.); (eg.) to neglect (
s.o., s.th.); (eg.) to release, let go, free (
s.o., s.th.) II to leave, give up, relinquish
( s.th.); to neglect ( s.o., s.th.); to
release, let go, free ( s.o., s.th.) VII to
flow, stream, run (water); to pour, flow (
into), enter ( s.th.); to peter out, seep
away, exhaust itself; to speed along, glide
along, run along, crawl or creep (along);
to glide, slip ( between); to walk fast,
hurry; with foll. imperf.: to begin at once
to do s.th.
insiyb, ins. -akl go, go away, leave, depart; to run, operate
stream-lined
sib forlorn, lost, (a)stray; free,
loose, lax, unrestrained
sbriy Siberia
1 be directed, be oriented ( toward s.th.);
II to fence in, hedge in, surround with a
hedge ( s.th.) V pass. of II
siyj pl. -t, aswija, maintain ( sairan a behavior,
asyj; hedge; fencing, fence; enclosure;
(fig.) bulwark, shield (of a country, of a
nation)
2
look up alphabetically
sgr cigar (eg.)
sgra pl. -t, sagyir, (s. it-taassun) to be on the road to
sagir2 cigarette (eg.)
) )sa i (sai, sayan) to flow, (sratan asanatan) to behave well;
run (water); to melt, thaw, dissolve,
become liquid (snow, metal); --(sai,
siya) to travel, journey; to rove, roam
about II to make flow, cause to flow ( a
river, etc.); to melt, dissolve, liquefy,
smelt, fuse ( metal, and the like); to
melt, clarify ( butter) IV to make flow,
cause to flow ( s.th.) VII to spread, pour
forth
siya pl. -t travel; tourism
sayy pl. -n traveler; tourist
si pl. -n, suyy, suww)
traveler; tourist; itinerant dervish;
anchorite (Chr.)
musayyak fluid, liquid; striped
(garment)
1
) )ska i ( saik, sayakn) to
sink into the ground or mud
2
sk pl. asyk spit, skewer; foil,
rapier; iron prong or bolt
see 2
sdra pl. -t (see )an Iraqi
headgear, commonly of black velvet;
overseas cap
) )sra i ( sair,
sairra, masr, masra,
tasyara) to move (on), set out, strike out,
start, get going; to move along; to march;
to travel, journey; to ride (in a vehicle); to
( -- between -- and, of a train); to flow
(electric current); to run, be in operation,
function, work, go (machine); to progress
(e.g., work); to make ( for s.th.), be
headed ( for s.th.), approach ( s.th.),
to circulate, make the rounds, be or
become current (proverb); to follow,
s.th.); to behave, conduct o.s.; to proceed,
act ( or bi-muqta according
to) to lead s.o., lead s.o. away;
to (allow, pursue s.o.;
(jatan wa-dihban) to walk up and
down, go back and forth;
recovery; ( kia) the
course he followed;
( qadamaihi) not to be dead and
forgotten, be still much alive, be a
tangible reality II to set in motion, drive (
s.th.); to make ( s.th., e.g., an
automobile) go; to start, start up, let run (
a machine); to go in ( for a task), run,
carry on, ply, practice ( a trade); to drive
( a car), pilot, steer ( s.th.); to send,
dispatch, send out ( s.o., s.th.); to
circulate, put in circulation ( s.th.); to
stripe ( a garment, etc.) III to keep up, go
along ( with s.o.); to walk at s.o.s ()
side; to pursue ( s.th.); to show o.s.
willing to please ( s.o.), comply ( with musyara adaptation, adjustment
s.o.s wish); to be in agreement, be
sir going, walking, running;
consistent ( with s.th.); to be familiar, walker, wayfarer, wanderer; generally
intimate, be hand in glove, get along ( known, current (proverb); see also
with s.o.); to adapt o.s. ( to ( kidma) transient laborers,
circumstances, events, etc.) IV to set in seasonal laborers (eg.)
motion, drive ( s.th.); to send, dispatch (
s.o., s.th.) musayyar directed, controlled (
by); guided, remote-controlled; not
sair trip, tour, travel, journey, walk,
endowed with free will (philos., as
errand, march, procession; movement, opposed to mukayyar)
motion; departure; course, progress (of an
undertaking); procedure, practice, srs (syr.) glue made of the yellow
conduct, behavior; (way of) life; powder of a pulverized root, used esp. for
observance, pursuance ( of s.th.) pasting leather
( husk as-s.) blameless life; srfm seraphim
( garaih) in pursuance of
his intention sraj sesame oil
sair pl. suyr (leather) belt; ( Fr. cirque) sirk circus
girth; drive belt, transmission belt saisabn sesban (an indigenous
(mutaarrik) conveyor belt, Egyptian shrub whose leaves have a
assembly line purgative 447 effect, Sesbania aegyptiaca
saira gait; course Pers.; bot.)
sra pl. siyar conduct, ss pl. ssyt, says (eg.)
comportment, demeanor, behavior, way of pony; young rat
life; attitude, position, reaction, way of saiara to command, dominate, control (
acting; (in sg. or pl.) biography, history; s.th.); to be master or lord ( over
pl. campaigns; the biography of s.th.), reign, gain power ( over s.th.); to
Mohammed seize ( s.th.), take hold ( of s.th.) II
sayyr traveling frequently, always tasaiara =
on the move, continually moving; saiara rule, dominion,
itinerant, roving, roaming about; domination, command, supremacy, power,
circulating; planet ( suuf) or authority ( over); decisive influence (
daily newspapers, dailies on); control ( over)
sayyra pl. -t automobile, car musaiir ruler, sovereign,
s. al-ujra taxi cab; overlord
(mudarraa) armored car;
(daurya) patrol car; s. al- saif pl. suyf, asyf, asyuf
isf ambulance; ( muaffaa) sword; sabre, foil, rapier s.
armored car; s. an-naql truck, al-islm title of princes of the royal house
lorry; ( automobile) driver, of Yemen
chauffeur sf pl. asyf shore, coast
masr pl. -t path (of rays, etc.) sayyf executioner
masr travel, journey, tour; march musyafa fencing (with saber or
(mil.); departure; distance foil)
masra travel, journey, tour; =
departure; distance
sigra pl. sagir 2 cigarette (syr.)
tasyr dispatch, sending out;
saikurn, saikarn henbane
propulsion, drive (techn.)
(Hyoscyamus niger; bot.)
(nafft) jet propulsion
( It. sicurt) sikurth insurance sn and sn Sinai 448
( ) )ay) fire (life) ( Fr. cinma) cinema, motion-picture
insurance theater dr as.s. motionpicture
skol, saikolj psychologic(al) theaters, movies; ) )silent
1 film; ) )or ) )
) )sla i (sail, sayaln) to flow,
sound film, talkie
stream; to be or become liquid; to melt
( lubuh) his mouth watered snm cinematographic,
for ... II to make flow, cause to stream, cinematic, cinema-, movie- (in
liquefy, melt, dissolve ( s.th.) IV = II compounds); motion-picture actor, film
star motion picture, film,
sail pl. suyl flood,
movie
inundation; torrent, torrential stream
( urm) huge mass, flood, stream; ( Fr. cinmatographe) snimatugrf
( zub) the matter has reached its cinematograph
climax, has come to a head ( Fr. cinmascope) snimaskb
saila stream cinemascope
suyla liquid state, liquidity, ( Gr. ) sindos synod
flow(ing)
sayyl streaming, pouring,
torrential; fluid, liquid; a liquid; stream; a
fluid ( qalam) facile pen, fluent
style
sayyla rivulet; pocket abbreviation of ri street (St.)
sayaln flowing, ftow; running; (coll.; n. un. h) pl. iwh,
deliquescence, liquefaction; gonorrhea iyh sheep; ewe
(med.); see also below ubb pl. abb2 downpour,
masl pl. masyil2 river bed, shower
rivulet dir, tent; storehouse, warehouse,
sil ftuid, liquid; (pl. magazine
sawil2) a liquid, a fluid O darn fountain; a small water-driven
ilm as-s. hydraulics gadget adorned with hells, and the like,
silya fluidity, liquid state of resembling a mobile
aggregation (phys.) rbm cherubim
2 2
sayaln Ceylon; s chassis
3
sln garnet (precious stone) afa root istaala afatah
1
sm (pass.) and VII to be consecrated, be to extirpate, root out, eradicate s.th.,
ordained (Chr.) remove s.th. drastically
2
wa-l siyyam see k and ak pl.
3
awk hammer hammerhead
see next entry (shark)
4
sm ( sm), sm2, sma l pl. ln shawl
pl. siyam mark, sign, characteristic;
mien, expression ( Fr. chalet) lh pl. -t hunting cabin,
5
.hooting lodge; beach cabin, cabana
smiy, smiy natural magic
VI to perceive an evil omen ( or in),
sn name of the letter regard as an evil portent ( or s.th.);
al-aia as-snya S rays to foretell calamity ( or from); to be
superstitious; to he pessimistic X to
 perceive an evil omen ( in), regard as an ( mukallaf) charg daffaires (dipl.);
evil portent ( s.th.); to foretell calamity ( ... (anuh anu l-...)
from) in this matter he fares just as the , he is,
in this respect, in the same situation as
a-am, a-m the northern
the ...; ( anuh) a man whose
region, the North; Syria; Damascus
situation is this, a man who can be
( yamanan) northward and southward
described as ..., a man in this situation;
m Syrian; (pl. -n, ( uwm) anaka or anta wa-anaka
a Syrian please your-self! do as you like!
am Syrian (adj. and n.) ( anaka) do as you please! just as you
wish! ( dan) let me alone!
um calamity, bad luck, tarakah wa-anah to let s.o.
misfortune; evil omen, portent alone; to let s.o. go; not to pay any
( tamla, duny) (dont fill the world attention to s.o.; he is concerned
with evil omen!) approx.: talk of the devil with a matter; thats his affair;
and he will appear! whats the matter with you? what do
aam2, f. um inauspicious, you want? what have you got
ill-omened, ominous, portentous, sinister; to do with this? what business of yours is
calamitous, disastrous; unfortunate, fatal, this? ( amra) what has he got
accursed to do with the matter? what
have I got to do with that? what business
taum pessimism of mine is that? ( ayyu
mam and mam pl. anin) what business of yours is this?
mam2 inauspicious, ill-omened, whats that to you? he has
s.th. to do with this, he has a hand in this;
ominous, sinister; unfortunate, unlucky
( ana) he hasnt anything
( adad) unlucky number
to do with this, he has no part in this;
mutaim pessimist I shall have nothing to do
an pl. un matter, affair, concern, with that, that is none of my business, I
business; circumstances, state of affaire, shant meddle in that;
case; nature, character, quality, 449 kind; (ana) I havent anything to do with it,
situation, condition, state; significance; it's none of my business;
importance, consequence; standing, (kar) I still have a bone to pick with him;
prestige, rank; cranial future; pl. ( li-bai anih) he attended
tears; ana like, as bi-ani to a task; he went to do s.th.;
regarding, with regard or respect to, ( inarafa) he left to do his work;
relating to, pertaining to, concerning, as ( alaat) she made herself
to, about; ( jalla) the Sublime (of up; ahmala anah he neglected
God); Ministry of him; that is his habit;
Social Affairs; he is always that way; ( anah) as
(krijya)foreign affairs; , f. he used to do in ...; ... (anah)
the responsible man, the man in as he used to deal with people who ...;
charge, the man directly concerned with it was his wont, he used to ...;
the matter; ul -. and it is in his (its) nature that ..., he (it)
daw -. the influential people, the tends to ...; it is his business to ...;
competent people; the concerned with the it is not his affair or business to ...;
matter; . al-ayh worldly it is inappropriate for him to ...; it does not
affairs; of great importance; tend to ; is not conducive to ...;
significant, important; high- ( rajuli) there is a man to keep an
ranking; (formerly, Tun.) title of members eye on, this is an important man; there is
of the Beys family; the one s.th. about this
concorned; those concerned;
the important, influential people; O
 man! ( kalqih) God has
created all kinds of things (meaning:
strange things can happen in this world!)
( Fr. chantage) ant blackmail
h shah; king (chess) ( ball)
chestnut tree (bot.); checkmate
(chess)
hn the shahs, pertaining to
the shah; imperial decree of
the Sultan (in Ottoman times)
2
hn pl. awhn shahin, an young men, adolescents, juveniles
Indian falcon (zool.) 450 ) )a u (
aw) to overtake in running, outrace (
s.o.)
aw highest point, summit, peak;
goal, object far-aiming, far-
aspiring; very ambitious;
(awih) to get as far in s.th. as s.o. else,
match s.o. in s.th.;
(ruqy) to undergo tremendous progress;
to carry off the prize, hit the
bulls eye
warma, wirma (also )
charcoal-broiled mutton, out in thin slices
and arranged conically on a vertical
skewer (syr.)
wu (tun.) pl. uww sergeant; ibitt dill (nethum graveolens; bot.)
office boy, handy man; doorman, gate-
keeper
w a military rank, approx.: staff
sergeant (Eg.) a military
rank, approx.: sergeant (Eg.)
y tea
abba i ( abb, abba) to obstinacy
become a youth or young man, to
adolesce, grow up; -- i u ( ibb,
abb) to raise the forelegs as if about to
jump; to rear; to prance (horse); -- i (
ubb) to burn, blaze (fire); to break out
(fire, war); -- u (abb, ubb) to light,
kindle ( fire) ( nrn al- ghost, specter, spirit; nightmare; figure,
arb) war broke out; ( auq) to
be over the initial stages, with neg.: to be
still in its infancy II to rhaplodize about a
beloved woman ( )and ones
relationship to her, celebrate her in verse;
to flirt ( with a woman) V to rhaplodize
about a beloved woman ( )end ones
relationship to her, celebrate her in verse;
to compose love sonnets; to take fire,
blaze up
abb (= bb) youth, young
man
abb alum
abba (= bba) young woman, girl
abba alum
abab fully grown (steer)
abb youth, youthfulness; youths,
rejuvenation
abb youthful, juvenile
ubb outbreak (of a war)
abbba reed flute
abba youth, youthfulness;
the youth (coll.)
bb pl. ubbn, abb,
ababa youthful, juvenile, young;
youth, young man
bba pl. -t, awbb2,
abib2 young woman, girl
mabb lighted, kindled, ignited,
flaming, burning; beautiful
1
abita a (abat) and V to cling, cleave,
hold fast, hang on, attach o.s. adhere (
to)
abat pl. ibtn spider
taabbut tenacity; attachment,
adherence, fidelity; stubbornness,
mutaabbit tenacious; attached,
adherent; stubborn, obstinate
2
ibitt (nethum graveolens; bot.)
aba pl. ub, ab blurred,
indistinct shape; apparition; phantom;
person
1
abara u i (ibr) to measure ( s.th.) with
the span of the hand II do.; to gesticulate,
make gestures, to gesture
ibr pl. abr span of the hand
( fa-ibran) inch by inch; 451
( ar) a foot of ground;
 ( qalladah) to imitate
s.o. or s.th. religiously; to follow s.th.
literally
2
abbr pl. abbr2 trumpet
3 repletion, filling; satisfaction, gratification
abbra and bra (eg.) fog,
mist
abraqa to tear to pieces, to shred (
s.th.)
abraqa pocket money
2
ibib pl. abib slipper lustful
1
abaa to cling, cleave, hold on ( to)
2
ub(2) February (Syr., Ir., Leb., Jord.)
3
abb (syr.) large fish found in the
Euphrates and Tigris rivers
abia a (ab, iba) to satisfy ones
appetite ( or with s.th.), eat ones fill (
or of s.th.); to be or become sated,
satisfied in ones appetite; to be full ( or
of); to be or become fed up, surfeited (
with), be or become sick and tired (
of), have enough ( of) II to sate, satiate,
fill ( s.o., s.th. with); to satisfy,
gratify ( the appetite, ones desires, the
senses); to load, charge ( s.th., with
electricity) IV to sate, satiate, fill ( s.o.
with); to satisfy, gratify ( the appetite,
the senses); to saturate ( s.th., e.g., with
a dye); to load, charge ( s.th., with
electricity); to go in ( for s.th.)
thoroughly; (gram.) to lengthen ( a
vowel) by writing it plane; pass. ubia to
be replete, full ( with, of)
(kalma) to speak in great detail, at great
length about s.th., describe or explain s.th.
elaborately; ( arban) to give
s.o. a sound beating V to be sated,
saturated ( with); to be filled ( with),
be full ( of); to be loaded or charged (
with, el.)
ab sufficiency, satiety, satiation,
saturation, repletion, fullness
ib, iba s.th. that fills or satisfies
the appetite, fill
aba saturation (chem.)
uba fill
abn f. ab, pl.
ab, ib sated, satisfied, full;
rich
ib satiation, saturation,
muabba, muba satiated,
saturated ( with); replete, filled ( with),
full ( of) ( kahrab)
electrically charged
2
abiqa a (abaq) to be lewd, lecherous,
abaq lewdness, lechery,
licentiousness, lust
abiq lewd, lecherous, lustful,
licentious
2
ubuq chibouk
1
abaka i (abk) to interjoin, intertwine,
interlace, interweav., entangle ( s.th.); to
fasten, tighten, attach ( s.th. or to) II
to interjoin, intertwine, interlace,
interweave, entangle, complicate ( or
s.th.); to crochet V to be interjoined,
intertwined, interlaced, interwoven,
entangled; to b. or become complicated,
involved, intricate, confused VI to be
intertwined, interlaced, interwoven,
entangled; to be intermeshed, be
interwoven like a net VIII to be or become
interjoined, interlaced, interwoven, net-
like, reticulate; to be intertwined
(branches), be interlocked (hands); to be
or become entangled, snarled; to get
entangled, involved, ensnared, embroiled,
implicated, mixed up ( in); to com. to
blows or to gripe 452 ( or with s.o.);
to be or become complicated, involved,
intricate, confused (matter); to join, unite,
combine, coalesce, merge, fuse ( with);
to meet (eyes, glances) to
be drawn into a conversation, become
engrossed in a discussion;
(arb) to become involved in a war
abaka pl. abak, ibk,
ubkt net; netting, network;
snare; -- (pl. ibk) O grid (radio)
barbed-wire entanglement,
concertina; ( l-silkya) radio
network
 abak reticulate, reticular, netted, s.o., to s.th.), be like s.o. or s.th. ( ),
net-like; retinal; of framework look (exactly) like s.o. ((
and the like IV to resemble ( s.o.,
abakya retina (anat.)
s.th.), bear a resemblance, be similar (
ubbk pl. abbk2 netting, to s.o., to s.th.), be like s.o. or s.th. ( ;)
network; plaitwork; grid, grill; window; to look (exactly) like s.o. ((
wicket (post office, box office, etc.) and the like V to compare o.s. ( with); to
. al-ar show window, imitate, copy ( s.o., s.th.) VI to resemble
showcase, glass case one another, be similar to one another; to
mibak pl. mabik2 hook; be equal to one another, be identical; to be
clasp, pin; hairpin, bobby pin ambiguous, unclear VIII to resemble one
m. al-waraq paper clip another, be similar to one another; to be in
doubt ( about), doubt ( s.th.); to
tabuk confusion, intricacy, suspect ( or s.o., s.th.); to be
obscurity, abstruseness doubtful, dubious, obscure ( to s.o.)
itibk entanglement, the matter appeared doubtful
involvement ( in); complication; hand- to him
to-hand fight, scuffle, melee ( with), ibh pl. abh resemblance,
clash ( with) similarity, likeness; image, picture;
(adam al-it.) nonintervention in battle analogue; similar, (a)like; -like, quasi-,
muabbak plaited, resembling semi- (with foll. genit.) ibhu
plaitwork; (pl. -t) window (or door) jazratin peninsula; . arb semi-
adorned with plaited latticework military; . al-munarif 453
trapezoid (geom.); . rasm semi-
mutabik entangled, involved, official, officious (dipl.); . a-ill
complicated, intricate penumbra; subcontinent;
mutabak plaitwork; thicket (of . al-muayyan rhomboid (geom.);
branches) abhuh the likes of him, his kind;
2 and the likes of them, and their sort (of
ubuk chibouk
people); ( uzlatin tmma)
3
look up alphabetically all but completely isolated, as good as
IV to take care ( of s.o.), look ( after completely isolated
s.o.), take s.o. ( )in hand abah pl. abh resemblance,
ibl pl. abl lion cub similarity, likeness; image, picture;
analogue; similar, (a)like; brass
abn, ibin pl. abyin2 godfather,
sponsor (Chr.); best man, groomsman subha pl. ubht, ubaht,
(Chr.) ubuht obscurity, vagueness, uncertainty;
doubt; suspicion; specious argument,
abna, ibna pl. -t godmother, sophism; judicial error (Isl. Law)
sponsor (Chr.); bridesmaid (Chr.) daw -ubuht or
ibn pl. abn2 godfather, dubious persons, people of ill repute;
sponsor (Chr.); best man, groomsman suspicious, suspect
(Chr.) abahn brass
ibna godmother, sponsor (Chr.); abh pl. ibh similar ( to),
bridesmaid (Chr.) like, resembling ( s.o., s.th.)
II to make equal or similar ( or ( munarif) trapezoid (geom.);
s.th. to s.th. else); to compare ( s.th. ( rasm) semi-official, officious
with), liken ( s.th. to); pass. ubbiha to (dipl.); ( muayyan) rhomboid
be doubtful, dubious, uncertain, obscure ( (geom.)
to s.o.) III to resemble ( s.o., s.th.), abah2 more similar, more
bear a resemblance, be similar ( to resembling, more like he
 resembles more than anything else, he
is just like
mabih2 similarities, related traits
tabh comparison; allegory,
simile, parable; ascription of human
characteristics to God,
anthropomorphization (of God, theol.)
mubaha pl. -t resemblance,
similarity, likeness
taabbuh imitation ( of)
tabuh resemblance, similarity,
likeness; vagueness, haziness,
indistinctness, obscurity
itibh resemblance, similarity,
likeness; dubiousness, doubtfulness,
obscurity, inscrutability; doubt, misgiving,
suspicion
mabh suspicious, suspect;
dubious, doubtful; notorious; a suspect
mubih similar
att pl. or att dispersed,
separate(d), scattered, dissolved; pl.
diverse, sundry, various, different,
manifold, miscellaneous, all kinds of
or what a difference between the
two of them! how different they are!
attna: , ,
what a difference between
and ...! how different they are! 454
tatt dispersion, scattering,
dissolution; disruption, splitting,
splintering
1
atara i to cut off, tear off, rip off (
s.th.); to tear (up) ( s.th.)
2
itrt citrate, salt of citric acid
atala i to plant, transplant ( a plant)
atla pl. utl, atil2
seedling, set, transplant
matal pl. matil2 (plant)
nursery, arboretum

mutabiht obscure, not atama i u (atm) and III to abuse, revile,

clearly intelligible passages in the Koran
( mutabah) or upon one another
(amrih) suspicious, suspect; a suspect;
suspected of s.th.
( anih) of doubtful make
aban tip, point ( falla) to frequent abuse or vilification; impudent,
weaken s.o.
abh pl. abawt tip, point;
sting, prick
atta i (att, att, att)
to be scattered, be dispersed, be dissolved;
-- atta i to scatter, disperse, break up ( a
crowd, etc., s.th.)
(amlahum) to disperse or break up the
gathering of people, dissolve their unity II
to disperse, scatter, break up ( a crowd,
etc., s.th.) ( amlahum) = hibernate ( at a place)
IV = II V to be scattered, be
dispersed, be dissolved, scatter, disperse,
breakup
att pl. att dispersed,
separate(d), scattered, dissolved; pl.
manifold, variegated, diverse; scattered
fragments, single pieces, sections ( of)
att dispersed, separate(d),
scattered, dissolved
vilify, scold ( s.o.) VI to vilify one
another, abuse one another, heap curses
atm abuse, vilification
attm one who indulges in
insolent, impertinent, abusive
atm abused, reviled, vilified,
insulted
atma pl. atim2 abuse,
vilification, vituperation, insult
mutama vilification,
vituperation
) )at u (atw) to pass the winter, to
winter ( at a place); to hibernate II = I; to
rain V to pass the winter, to winter,
it pl. atiya, uty
winter; rains, rainy season
atw, ataw wintery, hibernal,
winter (adj.)
matan pl. matin winter
residence, winter quarters; winter resort
tin wintery, hibernal
 muattan winter residence, winter
quarters; winter resort
att pl. of att (see )
ajja i (ajj) to break, split, cleave, fracture,
bash in ( s.th., esp. the skull)
ajja pl. ijj head wound
which lays open the skull; skull fracture
ajaba u (ajb) and II to doom to
destruction, to min, destroy ( s.o.); to
condemn morally, criticize sharply (
s.th.) IV to afflict, grieve ( s.o.)
ajb destruction, routing, crushing
ajab sorrow, grief, worry;
distress, affliction
ijb pl. ujub clothes hook
(attached to the wall)
2
mijab pl. majib clothes
hook, clothes rack
ajara u (ajr) to happen, occur; to break
out, develop (unrest) III to quarrel, argue,
dispute ( or with s.o.) VI to quarrel,
fight, dispute (with one another); to
quarrel, argue, fight ( with) VIII do.
al-urf a-ajrya the
sounds j, , (phon.)
ajar (coll.; n. un. )pl. ajr
trees; shrubs, bushes
ajara pl. -t tree; shrub, bush
. an-nasab genealogical tree
ajir woody, wooded, abounding
in trees
2
ajr pl. ujar bad
companion, bad company
ujaira pl. -t shrub, bush
ijr (wooden) bar, bolt
2 2
ajar , f. ajr woody,
wooded, abounding in trees
tajr afforestation
ijr fight, quarrel; dispute,
argument; see also above 455
mujara fight, quarrel; dispute,
argument
muajjar figured with designs of
plants, branched (cloth)
musjir abounding in trees,
wooded
2
ajarn shagreen (leather)
ajua u ( aja) to be courageous,
brave, valiant, hold II to encourage,
embolden, hearten ( s.o. to); to favor,
support, hack, promote, further ( s.o.,
s.th.) V to take heart, pluck up courage; to
show o.s. courageous; to be encouraged
uj, ij pl. ajaa,
ujn courageous, brave, valiant, bold;
hero; Hydra (astron.)
aj pl. m. uja2,
ujn, pl. f. aji2, ij
courageous, brave, valiant, bold,
audacious
saja courage, bravery, valor,
valiance, boldness, audacity
aja2, f. aj2 courageous,
brave, valiant, bold, audacious
aja, ij pl. aji2
(proximal or lint) phalanx of the finger
taj encouragement, heartening,
animation ( to); favoring, furtherance,
promotion, advancement
muajji encourager; promoter,
supporter, advocate, proponent
ajina a to be sad, grieved, distressed,
worried; to coo (pigeon); -- ajana u
(ajn, ujn) to sadden, grieve,
distress, worry ( s.o.) II and IV = ajana
ajan pl. ujn, ajn
worry, anxiety, apprehension; sorrow,
grief, distress, sadness; (pl. ujun) twig,
branch conversation drifts
from one topic to another
( and ( aj u ( ajw) to worry,
trouble, grieve, sadden, distress, fill with
anxiety ( s.o.); -- ajiya a ( ajan)
to be or become worried, troubled,
grieved, sad, distressed, anxious,
apprehensive II to move, touch, grip (
s.o.) IV to grieve, worry, trouble, sadden,
fill with anxiety ( s.o.)
ajin, f. ajiya worried,
troubled, grieved, sad, anxious,
apprehensive
 ajw grief, worry, distress, anxiety, dim, pale (e.g., light); dull, faded (color);
apprehension, sadness; fear; affectedness, wan (smile)
emotion; wailing, plaintive, moving strain aata (= )to beg, ask for
(of a tune, of a song, of an instrument) alms
ajaw worried, troubled, grieved, at pl. beggar
distressed, sad . al-ain sty (med.)
and ajn foreign body in the aada a (ad) to whet, sharpen,
throat which inhibits breathing; practice, train, strengthen ( s.th., also,
affectedness, emotion, being moved, a e.g., the intellect, ones forces); to hone,
touching, pathetic mood; also = ajw strop ( a knife); to beg, ask for alms (
ajy worried, troubled, grieved, s.o.)
distressed, sad; anxious, apprehensive, ad (importunate) beggar
fearful; gripping, heart-rending, touching, . al-ain sty (med.)
moving (vocal part, music)
beggary
muajjin moving, touching,
gripping, pathetic miad, miada whetstone,
hone
aa (1st pers. perf. aatu) u i (u) to
be or become stingy, tight-fisted, II to soot, besmut, blacken with soot (
avaricious, miserly, niggardly; to stint, s.th.)
economize ( or with or in s.th., ur soot
toward s.o.); to be covetous, greedy (
or for); to become short, run out, maar charcoal kiln, pile
decrease, dwindle III to stint, be maar charcoal burner
niggardly, be sparing; to withhold ( from
s.o. s.th.) urr pl. arr2 thrush,
blackbird (zool.)
u stinginess, avarice,
niggardliness; greed, covetousness; muaar sooty
scarcity, paucity, sparsity; ebb aa a (a) to be far away, distant,
a pl. i, aia, remote; to strike ( a match); to strand, be
ai2, pl. f. ai2 stingy, stranded, run aground (ship); to ground on
tight-fisted, niggardly, miserly, avaricious a sandbank II to strand, be stranded, run
( or with, toward): 456 short, aground (ship); to ground on a sandbank;
scarce, meager, sparse; greedy, covetous ( to strand ( a ship)
or) ( ayym) the rainless aa pl. -t stripe, braid (on a
days, the dry season uniform)
mua: . aa pl. -t (syr.) match,
(muata) that is incontestable; lucifer
it is incontestable that ...,
uaia (syr.) match, lucifer
indisputably ...; incontestably,
indisputably i far (away), distant, remote,
outlying, out-of-the-way; stranded
aaba u a ( ub), aba
u ( uba) and pass. uiba to be or auma u ( ama) to be or become
become pale, wan, sallow, emaciated, fat II to grease, lubricate ( s.th.)
lean, haggard; to look ill, sickly am pl. uum,
ub paleness, pallor, wanness, umt fat, suet, grease; axle grease,
sallowness, emaciation lubricant; tallow, sebum; lard; pulp (of
fruit)
ib pl. awib2 pale,
wan, sallow; emaciated, lean, haggard; ama (n. un.) a piece of fat, etc.
(see ( . al-udun earlobe;
 s. al-ar truffle; . awr soot, smut
al-ain eyeball
am fatty, sebaceous, stearic
aim pulpy, mushy, pappy (fruit)
am fat, fatty
O miama pl. maim akaba u a (akb) to flow, stream, run,
grease box (of a wheel)
tam lubrication, greasing,
oiling (of a machine)
lubricating oils, lubricants
taaum fatness, obesity
muaam fat, fatty, greasy
muim pulpy, mushy, pappy
(fruit)
aana a (an) to fill up ( s.th. with);
to load, freight ( so ship with); to ship,
freight, consign ( goods); to 457 load,
charge ( s.th. with, el.); to drive away,
chase away, repel ( s.o.) III to hate (
s.o.); to quarrel, argue, fight ( with s.o.)
IV to fill up ( s.th. with); to load,
freight ( s.th. with) VI to hate one
another; to quarrel, have a feud
an loading, freighting; shipment,
freightage; cargo, lading, load, freight
blsat a-. sill of lading; ( baarah) or
sayyrat . truck, lorry
ana pl. aant cargo, lading,
load, freight; charge (el.)
ina police, police force
an2 grudge, rancor, hatred,
enmity
muana pl. -t grudge, rancor,
hatred, enmity; quarrel, feud, controversy
in loaded, laden, freighted
(esp. ship) O . al-markam
battery charger
ina pl. -t truck, lorry;
baggage car
man loaded, laden, freighted
(esp. ship); charged (el.); pl.
cargo, lading, load, freight
awara to soot, besmut, blacken with
soot ( s.th.)
awar blackbird (zool.)
akka u (akk) to urinate, piss, make water
akk urine, piss
akk urine, piss
mikaka public lavatory
2
pour forth, gush forth
akbaa to scribble, scrawl (in writing)
aktr, pl. aktr large,
flat-bottomed (wooden) barge; punt
akara i ( akr) to snore; to snort; to
neigh, whinny; to bray (donkey)
akaka to rattle, clatter, clank
( eg.) ukka pl. akik
rattle (toy); toy, plaything; skylight
akaa a ( uk) to rise, tower
up; to become high, lofty; to rise, ascend
(star); to appear ( to s.c.); to stare, gaze (
at, of the eye), be fixed ( on, of the
glance); to be glazed (eyes of a dying
person); to start out, leave, depart ( to
see s.o., for a place), travel, journey ( to
s.o., to a place); to pass ( from one
state or condition into another)
to fix
ones eyes, ones glance ( on), look
fixedly ( at s.o.), stare, gaze ( at) II to
represent as a person or individual,
personify ( s.th.); to specify ( s.th.),
identify ( s.o., s.th.); to act, play ( a
part, of the actor); to perform (actor)
( maraan) to diagnose a
disease IV to send off, send out, dispatch (
s.o.) V to appear, be revealed, show o.s. (
to s.o.)
ak pl. ak,
uk individual, person; figure; character
(of a play); someone, somebody
ak personal, private, of ones
own; akyan personally
)( personal statute
akya pl. -t individuality,
personality (also = personage); distinctive
way of life, peculiarity, distinctive
character, personal stamp; identity
( itibrya) legal person
(jur.); identification of a
 person; ahdat t. a-. energetic, vigorous, courageous;
identity card; qalam t. a- to tighten the reins, master the situation;
. bureau of identification 458 to strengthen s.o.s
determination; ( audah) to
akt (comic) actor,
strengthen, support, solster, assist s.o.;
comedian
( be saddled his female riding
tak personification; exact camel =) he started out on the journey;
designation, specification; identification; to start out, depart, leave (
diagnosis; acting, performance (on stage), for); ( watqah) to shackle, fetter
play(ing) (of an actor) s.o.; ( yadah) to adhere, cling to
diagnostic s.th.; ( yadaihi) to clasp s.o.s
diagnostician hands II to strengthen, intensify ( s.th.),
make ( s.th.) strong, hard, harsh, severe;
ki fixed, glazed (glance); (gram.) to intensify, dousle, geminate ( a
pole, stake (eg.) consonant); to exert pressure ( on),
muakki actor, player; press ( upon); to be hard, strict, stern (
representative toward s.o. in); to impress (
upon s.o. s.th.) ( alasih) to
muakkaa pl. -t actress, demand s.th. emphatically or inexorasly;
player; personality ( uddida) he was
muakkit qualities or factors strengthened in his determination III to
lending s.th. its distinctive character, argue, have an argument, an exchange of
peculiarities, characteristics words ( with s.o.) V to be hard, harsh,
strict, severe, stern ( toward); to be or
akaa (eg.) to shout, bark, bellow ( at
become violent, vehement, intense,
s.o.)
strong; to show o.s. stem, harsh, hard,
aklala (eg.) to jingle, tinkle; to clatter, inexorasle, be relentless, remain unmoved,
rattle ( with); to coquet, flirt unrelenting VI to argue with one another
aklla (eg.) jingle, jangle, VIII to be or become hard, harsh,
tinkling rigorous, intense, forceful, severe, strong,
vehement, violent, passionate; to become
adda i ( idda) to be or become harder, harsher, more rigorous, more
firm, fast, solid, hard, strong, vigorous, intense, more forceful, severer, stronger,
rosust, vehement, violent, intense; -- more vehement, more violent, more
adda u i (add) to make firm, hard, passionate; to intensify, increase, grow; to
strong, solidify, harden, srace ( s.th.), become aggravated, more critical; to
strengthen, fortify ( , s.o., s.th.); to become tormenting, excruciating,
tighten, pull taut, draw tight ( s.th., e.g., distressing, unbearable 459 ( for s.o.),
the sow); to fasten, tie, sind ( or take a turn for the worse (disease, with
s.th. on, to), lash ( s.th. on); to saddle s.o.); to be advanced (time of the day); to
( an animal); to put emphasis ( run, race, dash ( siduh) to
al kalimatin on word), emphasize, stress become strong, vigorous
( a word); to pull, drag ( s.o. sy
the coat); to charge, launch an attack ( add: . al-abl tug of war
against, on), assault, attack ( s.o., s.th.); adda (n. vic.) strengthening,
to press ( s.th. or upon s.th.), exert intensification; stress, emphasis; pulling,
pressure ( on); to insist ( on s.th.) dragging, tugging; tightness, tautness;
adda-m and ( la-adda) (with stress, strain; doubling sign over a
foll. vers) how much ...! very often ...; consonant (gram.) .
very much, exceedingly, vehemently, waraq al-lab deck of cards
violently; tremendous
idda strength, forcefulness, power,
was our joy when ; ( azrah) or
vehemence, violence, intensity, severity,
to help, support, encourage,
force, high degree, (pl. adid2)
sack up s.o.; ( azruh) to be
misfortune, calamity, misery, adversity, muaddad doubled (letter; gram.);
distress, hardship, affliction, discomfort emphatic, intense; severe, stern
add pl. aidda riding saddle mutaaddid pl. -n stem zealot,
(of a camel) bigot, proponent of a stern viewpoint
add pl. aidd2, idd adaka a (adk) to break, shatter, smash,
strong, powerful, forceful, vigorous, stem, crush ( s.th.) II do.
severe, rigorous, hard, harsh, violent, dir pl. awdir2 tent; storehouse,
vehement, intense; bad, evil, ominous, warehouse, magazine
calamitous, difficult ( for s.o.); with
foll. subst. frequently corresponding to df pl. awdr (eg.) shadoof,
Engl. very, e.g., very counterpoised sweep for raising irrigation
attentive, very careful ( ar) water
solid or firm ground; . al-bas V to announce ( s.th.) in a boastful,
courageous, stouthearted, bold, audacious, bragging, loud-mouthed manner, to vaunt
brave, valiant; stubborn, ( s.th.); to chatter, prattle
obstinate, unbending, unyielding, (kalm) to enunciate overcarefully, speak
relentless; . al-lahja strongly affectedly; to be agape
worded, vehement in language, sharp in
tone; . al-waa cruel idq pl. adq corner of the
mouth; jawbone )(
adda pl. adid2 aika bi-mili (mila) idqaihi to
misfortune, calamity, misery, adversity, grin from ear to ear
distress, hardship, affliction, discomfort
adaq2, f. adq2 having a
aadd2 stronger, more intense, large mouth, largemouthed
severer, harder, worse used with foll.
indeterminate abstract substantives as muta8addiq pl. -n braggart,
paraphrase of simple elatives, e.g., boaster, bigmouth
(sawdan) blacker, ( gaaban) adana u to be weaned, be on its own feet
more wrathful, angrier; (young animal)
extremely, exceedingly, very much, e.g.,
( ruhum, din pl. awdin2 gazelle
taattuan, ilm) they are extremely eager fawn
for knowledge adaha a to confuse, perplex, baffle ( s.o.)
audd physical maturity, virility madh perplexed, appalled,
to attain full maturity, come of baffled
legal age; to reach its climax
) )ad u (adw) to sing; to chant (
miadd pl. -t corset, stays s.th.); to acquire or have education,
tadd intensification, become or be educated ( in a field)
strengthening; (gram.) intensified to know a little Arabic, have
pronunciation, germination, doubling (of a a smattering of Arabic
consonant); doubling sign over a adw song, chant
consonant; pressure ( on)
din pl. dn educated,
mudda exchange of words, trained (e.g., linguistically)
squabble, argument, quarrel, fight, laila diya soire of vocal music
controversy, conflict
diya songstress, singer
itidd aggravation,
idyq pl. adyiqa sub deacon
intensification, increase; deterioration
(Chr.)
madd tense, tight, taut
adda i u (add, udd) to segregate,
muaddid: aggravating separate, isolate o.s. ( from), be
circumstances
 separated, isolated ( from), be outside
s.th. (), elude ( s.th.); to be alone; to
be irregular, deviate, stand out ( or
from), be an exception ( or to); to
be wanting, lacking; to decrease, dwindle
add irregularity, deviation,
anomaly, exception ( to)
irregularity, deviation, anomaly,
exception ( to); curiosity, eccentricity,
eccentric character
dd pl. udd, awdd2 irrr very bad, very evil, very
isolated, separate(d), detached, alone;
irregular, abnormal, anomalous, unusual,
extraordinary, exceptional, singular,
curious, queer, odd, peculiar, strange,
eccentric; noncanonical (version); pl.
exceptions of deviant (=
inferior) character; . a-ab,
eccentric, extravagant,
crazy; the foreigners, the
strangers
awddt peculiarities,
idiosyncrasies
adaba i u (adb) to out off, sever (
s.th.); to trim, clip, prune, lop ( hedges,
trees); to adept, doctor, modify ( s.th.) II
do.
V to be scattered, be dispersed; to scatter,
disperse
adra pl. adart, udr
particle, bit, tiny piece; fragment, section
tafarraq adara madara, ariba a (urb, marab) to drink (
idara midara they scattered in all
directions
adw fragrance of musk
adan flagrance, scent, aroma
ady fragrant, aromatic
arra (1st pers. perf. arirtu) a, (1st pers.
perf. arurtu) u (arr, irra) to be bad,
evil, wicked, vicious, malicious,
malignant
arr pl. urr evil, ill,
mischief; calamity, disaster; iniquity,
injustice; harm, damage, injury;
wickedness, viciousness, malice; vice, sin;
-- (pl. arr) bad, evil, wicked,
vicious, malicious; evildoer, culprit; --
arr (as elative) worse, more evil
( arra hazmatin) he brought utter
defeat upon them 461
arrn evil, vicious, malicious
irra evil, ill, mischief; calamity,
disaster; iniquity, injustice; harm, damage,
injury; wickedness, viciousness, malice;
vice, sin; vivacity enthusiasm, fire of
youth
arr pl. airr2 bad, evil,
wicked, vicious, malicious
wicked, very vicious, very malicious;
scoundrel; the Evil One (= Satan)
arar (coll.; n. un. )sparks
arar spark (used attributively)
arr (coll.; n. un. )sparks
arra pl. -t spark
amat a-. spark plug; mift
a-. ignition key (automobile)
arr spark (used attributively)
arrr sparkling, scintillating,
emitting sparks
iraabba to stretch ones neck in order
to see s.th. ( or ), crane ones neck for
( or ;)to carry ones head high (out of
vanity); to leer ( at)
urrb pl. -t stocking, sock
irs glue, paste
1
s.th.); to sip ( s.th.)
(ubbih) to drink s.o.s health, toast s.o.;
( dukna) to smoke;
(nakbah) to drink s.o.s health, toast s.o.
II to give ( s.o. s.th.) to drink, make or
let drink ( s.o. s.th.); to drench, soak,
saturate, impregnate ( s.th. with); to
inculcate, imbue ( s.o. with s.th.) III to
drink in s.o.s ( )company, have a drink (
with s.o.) IV to give ( s.o. s.th.) to
drink, make or let drink ( s.o. s.th.); to
drench, soak, saturate, impregnate ( or
s.th. with); to inculcate, imbue ( s.o.
with); pass. uriba to be or become full (
of s.th.), be filled, imbued, infused ( with
s.th.), be dominated, permeated ( by
s.th.) ( yarab) to
attribute s.th. wrongly to s.o. V to soak up,
 absorb, imbibe ( s.th.); to be permeated, orba (eg.), raba (syr.)
imbued, infused ( with s.th.) ; to be soup
full 3
urrb pl. -t stocking, sock
( of), be filled, replete ( with) arbaka to (en)tangle, snarl ( s.th.), to
urb drinking, drink; absorption complicate ( s.th.)
arba drink; sip, draught, swallow; arbn a variety of larch (bot.)
dose, potion (of a medicine); laxative, 1
araj pl. arj loop, ring, eyelet;
purgative, aperient buttonhole; anus
urba drink; sip, draught, swallow; araj anal
dose, potion (of a medicine)
2
look up alphabetically
arb pl. ariba beverage,
drink; wine; fruit juice, fruit syrup, sherbet araa a (ar) to cut in slices, slice, cut
. at-tuff apple juice; cider; up ( s.th.); to cut open, rip open ( s.th.);
. al-burtuql orangeade to bare, expose, make clearly visible or
discernible ( s.th.), to expound ( s.th.);
arrb drunkard, heavy drinker to explain, elucidate, illustrate, make
arb drinkable, potable plain, set forth, describe, depict ( s.th.);
arrba, urraba pl. to comment ( on), interpret ( s.th.), to
arrb2 tassel, tuft, bob . open, lay open ( s.o. adrah s.o.s
heart, to or for the acceptance of)
ar-r (European) holly (Ilex ( kirah) to gladden, delight s.o. II
aquifolium; bot.) to cut in slices, slice, cut up ( s.th.); to
irrb drunkard, heavy drinker dissect, dismember, anatomize ( a
corpse) VII to be opened (heart); to be
marab drink (as opposed to relaxed; to be glad, happy
food); (pl. marib2) drinking place, (adruh) and ( kiruh) to be
water hole, drinking trough, drinking or become glad, happy or delighted,
fountain; restaurant, bar; inclination, taste; rejoice
movement, school (e.g., in philosophy)
ar expounding, presentation,
maraba pl. marib2 explanation, illustration, elucidation,
drinking place, water hole, drinking exposition, setting forth; commentation;
trough, drinking fountain (pl. ( ur) commentary
marabya, murabya and ar explanatory, explicatory,
maraba moucharaby, projecting oriel illustrative
window with a wooden latticework
enclosure; wooden oriel; attic room; 462 ara long, thin slice, rasher
marabya a kind of drinking vessel; vase, ara pl. ari long, thin
pot for flowers slice (e.g., of fruit, etc.), rasher; girth,
taarrub absorption, soaking up, cinch; O (microscope) slide
imbibing O maraa operating room;
rib pl. -n, arb, operating table; autopsy room
urb drinking; drinker; (pl. tar dissection; anatomy;
awrib2) mustache, frequently dual: autopsy, post-mortem examination
ilm at-t. anatomy, O t.
marb pl. -t drink, beverage al.muqbala comparative anatomy
( rya) alcoholic beverage, tarh dissecting, anatomizing,
liquors dissective, dissectional, anatomic(al)
2
orba soup inir relaxedness, relaxation,
joy, delight, glee, gaiety
 ri pl. urr explainer, ( taftuh) nothing escapes
expounder, interpreter, commentator, him, he doesnt miss a thing
expositor
muarrad fugitive, refugee,
muarri anatomist displaced person; neglected, unkempt
1 confused, disconcerted
araka u ( urk) to become a youth.
grow from childhood to maturity mutaarrid pl. -n homeless
person, tramp, vagrant, vagabond;
ark prime of youth, spring of life
adventurer
2
araka a (eg.) to crack, splinter, become
cracked II taardaqa to swallow the wrong way;
to choke (to death)
ark pl. urk (eg.) crack,
II taardama to be jagged, indented
break, fissure, fracture
irdima pl. ardim 2,
arada u ( arrd, urd) to bolt
ardm2 small group, gang, party, troop;
(horse), to run away, flee, take to flight,
little band
take to ones heels, break loose, escape; to
1
roam, rove, wander, stray, go astray; to be arisa a (aras, arsa) to be
distracted (thoughts) ( dihnah) vicious, malicious, mischievous, ill-
to be absent-minded ( fikru) he tempered, unsociable, quarrelsome,
became lost in thought II to frighten away, petulant, peevish VI to be cross, quarrel (
chase away, drive away ( s.o.); to scare ( with)
s.o.), frighten ( s.o.) into a panic IV to
aras =
chase away, drive 463 away ( s.o.) V to
roam, tramp about, lead a vagabond life aris vicious, malicious,
mischievous, ill-tempered, unsociable,
ard pl. urd running away; quarrelsome, petulant, peevish; wild,
straying; astray, deviant, aberrant, strange, ferocious, fierce
peculiar
ars = aris
urd roaming, straying,
wandering . al-fikr absent- arsa wickedness, malice,
mindedness, distractedness viciousness, meanness, baseness, villainy;
ill-temperedness, unsociableness,
ard fugitive, expatriated, querulousness, petulance, peevishness
displaced, expelled; loafer, tramp, vagrant,
2
vagabond irs glue, paste, see
tard expulsion, banishment, ursf pl. arsf2 rib cartilage
eviction; vagrancy, vagabondage arsf epigastric, pertaining to
ayt at-t. the unsettled life, life of the anterior walls of the abdomen
a vagabond
II to take root
taarrud vagrancy, vagabondage
ir pl. ur root
rid pl. urud, urrad, . al-laban whey
awrid2 fugitive, straying, astray;
intimidated, frightened, helpless at a loss; urur pl. arr chaffinch
a fugitive, runaway, deserter; defector; (zool.)
vagrant, tramp, vagabond . arr (eg.) wild duck (zool.)
al-fikr absent-minded, distracted;
. al-luga irregularities of the arr2 soul, self, nature (of a
language, linguistic anomalies; person)
)). an-naar (an-naart) with a araf pl. arif bedsheet
blank stare; gazing into the void
araa i u (ar) to tear ( s.th.); to make
2
rida pl. awarid incicions ( in), scratch, scarify ( s.th.);
peculiarity, anomaly, exception to slit open, rip open ( s.th.); to impose
as a condition, as an obligation ( on track; magnetic tape; fuse;
s.o. s.th.), make conditional ( for s.o. ddat a-. tapeworm
s.th.); to stipulate ( s.th.) II to tear to ara condition on
shreds ( s.th.); to scratch, scarify ( the condition that ...
s.th.); to make incisions ( in) III to fix
mutual conditions.; to make a contract, mara program
conclude an agreement; to bet, wager ( mira pl. mari2 lancet,
with s.o.) V to impose severe oonditiono scalpel
or terms ( amalih) to be
meticulous in ones 464 work, do ones tar scarification, incision
work painstakingly VIII to impose as a muraa agreement,
condition, as an obligation ( on s.o. arrangement
s.th.); to make conditional ( for s.o.
s.th.); to stipulate ( s.th.); pass, uturia itir pl. -t condition,
to be prerequisite, preconditional ( for) provision, proviso; stipulation

ar pl. ur incision (in the arana to consecrate, ordain ( s.o.,

skin); long cut, rip, clash, slit; condition, Chr.) II to be ordained (Chr.)
precondition; provision, proviso, clause; arana =
stipulation (of a contract)
arnya ordination of a priest,
(aran), on the condition
and any ordination of persons by laying
that ..., provided that ...; )(
on of hands (Chr.); simony (Copt.-Chr.)
unconditional; ( au qaidin)
with no strings attached; unconditional araa a (ar, ur) to go (
(obedience, surrender, etc.); into), enter ( s.th.); to begin, start,
proviso of the right of withdrawal (from a commence ( or y with; with foil.
contract, a commercial transaction, an imperf.: to do s.th.); to point a weapon ()
obligation, and the like, Isl. Law) at s.o. ( ;)to untie, unbind, unlace (
s.th.); to fix ( bayonets, on rifles); --
ara pl. ar sign, portent
araa a (ar) to introduce, enact (o
the portents of the Day of
laws), prescribe, give ( to s.o. laws),
Judgment
make laws ( )for s.o. ( ( to
ar conditional devise a plan II to draw a weapon ( )on
(jumla) conditional clause (gram.) s.o. ( ;)to legislate, make laws IV to
arya contract, agreement draw or train a weapon ( )on s.o. ((
( ainaihi) to cast ones eyes
ara pl. ura stroke, line; on , turn ones glance toward ...;
hyphen; dash ( qalamah) to draw ones pen = to
ura police, policemen prepare to write VIII to introduce, enact (
police station; police laws); to prescribe, give ( to s.o.
report laws), make laws ( )for s.o. ()
ur, ura pl. -n policeman, a-ar the Revelation, the
officer canonical law of Islam
aran wa-faran with full right, with
pl. ari, aria good cause, by rights;
band, ribbon, tape; cord, string; leash, they are alike in this 467
line; thong, strap; braid, galloon, chevron,
stripe; ribbon (of an order), medal ribbon, urq rise (of the sun)
service ribbon; (railway) track, line; film arq (eg.) unirrigated land not
strip; film (also ( ;) magnetic) reached by the Nile floods
tape ( muaggar) microfilm;
tape measure; measuring tape; arrq suctorial device; part of a
pl. sound film; sound suction pump
 arquwa (pl. of ) with s.th.) to make s.o. the
Levantines (eg.) associate or partner of God (in His
creation and rule); to set up or
mariq pl. mariq2 place
attribute associates to God. i.e. to be a
of sunrise, east; place of rise; the Orient,
polytheist, an idolator VI to enter into
the East; East and West
partnership ( with s.o.); to participate
m. al-ar wa-magribuh or
together ( in), share with one another (
( magribn) the whole
s.th,) VIII to enter into partnership, to
world; all over the
cooperate ( with s.o.); to participate (
world
with s.o. in), share ( with s.o.,
mariq eastern, easterly, s.th.), collaborate, take part ( in),
oriental; (pl. mariqa) an Oriental; contribute ( to); to subscribe ( to); to
orientalia, oriental studies partake of the Lords Supper,
tarq easternization; communicate (Copt.-Chr.)
development of domestic production (esp. irk polytheism, idolatry
in local industry, with the gradual ahl a-. the polytheists, the
elimination of Europe), drive for idolators
(economic) independence
arak pl. uruk, ark,
ayym at-t. the old name of the three days
irk net, snare, gin; trap
following the day of Immolation (10th of
to lay a trap for s.o., trap s.o.
Zulhijja)
spurious, unsound, phony, false
during the hadj festival
irka, arika partnership;
irq radiance; radiation,
communion (Chr.); (pl. -t) association,
eradiation, emanation; Illuminism
companionship; company, corporation
(mysticism deriving from Neoplatonism)
(com.); commercial enterprise (Isl. Law);
al-irqyn the Illuminists, establishment, firm; insurance
adherents of Illuminism company; ( tijrya) trading
al-istirq oriental studies company, firm; broad- 468
casting corporation; . al-
mariq resplendent, radiant, mushama joint-stock company,
shining corporation; ( sihmya) do.;
mustariq having oriental trust (com.)
manners; (pl. -n) orientalist irk pl. uruk, aruk,
araqraq, arqrq green ark shoelace
woodpecker ark pl. urak2,
arika a (irk, irka, arika) to share ark sharer, participant, partner,
( with s.o s.th.), participate ( with copartner; associate, companion,
s.o. in), be or become partner, participant, confederate, ally; co-owner, coproprietor
associate ( of s.o. in) III to share ( or (Isl. Law); accomplice, accessory (in a
with s.o., s.th.), participate ( or crime) O ( min) silent
with s.o. in), be or become partner, partner (com.)
participant, associate ( or of s.o. in); uraik (eg.) sesame cake
to associate o.s. ( with s.o.), enter into
partnership ( with s.o.), form a ark pl. arik woman
partnership, join, combine ( or with partner, woman participant, etc. (see
s.o. in); to sympathize ( with s.o.) )
( rayah) to share s.o.s opinion IV to
make ( s.o.) a partner, participant, tark: siysat at-t.
associate ( in), give ( s.o.) a share ( policy of alliances
in), have ( s.o.) share ( in); to tie s.th. ( muraka partnership,
)closely to s.th. (), associate ( s.th. copartnership, participation ( in);
 cooperation, collaboration; communion
(Chr.); complicity, accessoriness (jur.)
itirk partnership,
copartnership, coparcenary; participation,
sharing, joining, co-operation,
collaboration ( in); interference ( in);
subscription ( to); jointness, community;
communion (Chr.) ; (pl. -t) subscription
rate; participation fee jointly, in irwl pl. arwl 2 trousers,
concurrence, together ( with);
( ahr) monthly subscription;
monthly fee or contribution
itirk socialist, socialistic; (pl.
-n) a socialist
itirkya socialism
murik pl. -n polytheist
mutarik pl. -n participant;
subscriber
mutarak common, joint,
combined, concurrent, collective, co-
( amn) collective security;
( balg) joint communiqu;
( sq) the Common Market; buy(ing), bargain
community spirit, communality,
solidarity; ( amn)
collective security
arka Circassian; (pl. arkisa) eager to buy; O
a Circassian
arama i (arm) to split, slit, slash ( s.th.)
arm pl. urm cleft, crack,
split, rift, slit, slot; small hay, inlet
aram2, f. arm2 having a he has absolutely nothing;
disfigured nose; harelipped
armaa (eg., syr.) to shred, tear to
shreds ( s.th.)
arma pl. rm rag, iryn pl. aryn2 artery
shred, tatter; whore, slut, prostitute
arnaqa pl. arniq2 cocoon (of the
silk worm); chrysalis (of an insect);
slough (of a snake), snakeskin; -- arniq2
hemp (Cannahis sativa; bot.); hemp seed
ariha a (arah) to be greedy ( or
for food); to eat greedily, gormandize,
gluttonize, be gluttonous
arah gluttony, gourmandism,
ravenousness, voracity; greediness, greed,
covetousness, avidity
arih greedy ( for food),
gluttonous; voracious, ravenous; ravenous
eater, glutton; greedy, covetous, avid
arha gluttony, gourmandism,
ravenousness, voracity; greediness, greed,
covetousness, avidity
arw, irw honey
pants; drawers
see
ar i (iran, ir) to sell, vend (
s.th. for a certain price); to buy, purchase (
s.th.); to bring upon o.s., to ask for (e.g.,
troubles, inconveniences) -- ar i
(iran) to expose ( s.th.) to the sun for
drying II to expose ( s.th.) to the sun for
drying VIII to buy, purchase ( s.th.); to
buy up, acquire, obtain by commercial
transaction ( s.th.); to sell, vend ( s.th.)
X to become worse, worsen, deteriorate
ary (coll.; n. un. )colocynth
iran pl. ariya purchase,
aran an itching skin eruption
ir purchase buy(ing)
(maqdura) or O qwat a-.
purchasing power
arwa purchase buy(ing)
arw: l yamliku
. naqrin he hasnt a red cent to his name,
(yujd) it is of no use at all
O al-umm a-arawya
nettle rash, urticaria (med.)
taallub a-. arteriosclerosis
iryn arterial
(sudda) embolism (med.)
itir purchase buy(ing)
rin pl. urh seller,
salesman, vendor; purchaser, buyer,
customer; -- O lightning rod (also
( a-urh designation of the
Khawrij
 mutarin purchaser, buyer,
customer; seller, vendor
al-mutar Jupiter (astron.)
mutaran pl. mutarayt, i pl. awi2, an
that which is purchased, purchased
goods; purchase, buy(ing), acquisition
saran: to look askance at
s.o.
ain sazr2 an eye looking sentence); to cancel, release ( or a
askance, distrustfully or maligrantly;
( nara) distrustful, suspicious glance
( Fr. chiste) slate (min.)
si' far (away), distant, remote; wide,
large, great (distance); huge, vast,
enormous (difference)
aakn rifled (gunbarrel) enter, post ( an item, an account); to
aliat a-. firearms
muakan rifled (gunbarrel)
1
im seed of the Cassia absus (bot.), used
as eye powder
2
ama, ima toilet, lavatory, privy
in sample, specimen; sampling
( eg.) inag assayer (of precious
metals)
i pl. u fishhook
aara a kind of gazelle
aa i u ( aa) to go to extremes, go
too far, exceed the proper hounds, be
excessive ( in, with); to deviate (
from), digress, stray ( from the
topic) VIII to go to extremes, go too far,
exceed the proper bounds, be excessive (
in, with)
a pl. u bank, shore, aara u, aura u ( ara) to be sly,
coast, seashore, beach, strand cunning, artful, shrewd; to be clever,
. al-arab Shatt-al-Arab, river in SE Iraq
formed by the Tigris and Euphrates rivers;
the region traversed by this river on the
Persian Gulf
aa a variety of pepper
(Capsicum conicum Mey.; bot.) 470
aa that which is excessive or
exceeds the proper bounds, excess; inroad,
encroachment, infringement
aa a variety of pepper
(Capsicum conicum Mey.; bot.)
mui excessive
shore, coast, seacoast, beach, strand
aab u (ab) to out into slices or strips (
s.th.); to strike out, cross out, scratch
out, write off ( or s.th.); to erase,
efface ( or s.th., e.g., a word, a
mortgage); to drop, nonsuit ( daw a
case) II to make an incision, a longitudinal
cut, a slit, a slash ( in s.th.); to strike
out, cross out, scratch out, write off (
or s.th.); to erase, efface ( or s.th.,
e.g., a word, a sentence); to cancel,
release, ( or a mortgage); to book,
finish off, terminate, wind up ( s.th.)
ab cut, slash; incision, scratch;
crossing out, striking out, writing off;
erasure, effacement; annulment,
cancellation
ab pl. ub tall,
strapping, sturdy, husky
tab: posting of an
account (to the ledger);
curfew
aaa (a) to roam, rove, stray
aa pl. aat escapade
aara (ar) to halve, divide into two
(equal) parts, bisect, cut through ( s.th.);
to out off, sever ( s.th.); --
(baaruh) u ( ur) to be squint-
eyed; -- aara u ( ur,
ura, ara) to withdraw,
separate, disassociate o.s. ( from); - -
smart, bright, skillful, adroit II to halve,
divide into two (equal) parts, to bisect, out
through ( s.th.) III to halve, share by
halves, share equally ( with s.o., s.th.),
go halves ( with s.o.); to participate, take
part ( in s.th.), share ( s.th.)
( rah, faraah) to share
s.o.s views, s.o.s joy V to manifest
slyness, cleverness, smartness, adroitness,
skill VII to divide, split ( into, intrans.)
 ar partition, division, separation, beams, radiate, beam V to emit rays or
halving, bisecting; -- (pl. ur, beams, radiate, beam, eradiate
aur) a half, moiety; hemistich; portion, u rays, beams; spokes
share, lot; direction; ara in the direction
of ..., toward to move toward a distracted, confused,
s.o., walk up to s.o.; ( wall bewildered, perplexed ( )
anrah) to direct ones glances toward his mind became confused,
s.o.; ( wajhah) to turn ones bewildered or perplexed
face toward s.th. u (coll.; n. un. )pl. aia
ira side, half rays, beams; spokes; horizontal wooden
crosspieces (on a door or window)
ara slyness cunningness ( banafsajya) the ultraviolet
shrewdness, adroitness, skill, cleverness, rays; the infra-red rays;
smartness X-ray photograph,
ara sandwich; schnitzel, steak roentgenogram; O radioactivity
muara participation, sharing i pl. -t radiation, eradiation
inir fission, splitting, i radiative, radiational O
cleavage, division, separation ( na) radioactive
ir pl. ur sly, cunning, taau radiation, eradiation
shrewd; scoundrel, villain; clever, smart, ( arr) radiation of heat;
bright, adroit, skillful ( ams) solar radiation
iranj, aranj chess mui radiating, radiant; emitting
lauat a-. chessboard rays, radiative; O radioactive
aafa u (af) to rinse (under flowing O muia radiator
water), clean with water, wash ( s.th.) aaba a (ab) to gather, assemble, rally
ufa piece, chunk, lump; (pl, ( people, s.th.); to disperse, scatter (
utaf) flint (of a gunlook. eg.) people, s.th.) II to form branches, to
branch; to branch (out), ramify, divide
ifa splinter, chip, sliver 471
into branches or subdivisions ( s.th.) V
1
aana u (an) to fasten, attach, tie, bind to branch (out), ramify; to b. subdivided,
( s.th. with a rope) form subdivisions; to diverge, move in
2
and see ( alphabetically) different directions, part company,
separate, split, break up, become
aafa u (af) to castrate disunited, disorganized, disrupted; to
aaf pl. if discomfort, branch off ( from); to result ( from)
hardship, difficulty; ruggedness of life VIII to branch out, ramify; to branch off
( . il-ai) to lead a life ab pl. ub people, folk;
of hardships nation; tribe; race
aif hard, harsh, rough, rugged, ab national, peoples; popular,
austere (life, character) folksy, folk- (in compounds)
aiya a (aan) to be splintered, be (jabha) popular front;
shattered, splinter, shiver V do. peoples democracy (in Marxist
terminology)
aya pl. ay, ay
splinter, sliver, chip; shinbone; bone abya popularity
aa i (a, i) to disperse, ub adherent of the , see
scatter, diffuse, spread; to beam, radiate, below
flash up IV to emit, spread, diffuse ( a-ubya a movement within
s.th.); to eradiate ( s.th.); to emit rays or the early Islamic commonwealth of
 nations which refused to recognize the struggle back to ones feet, pick up,
privileged position of the Arabs recover
ib pl. ib mountain path, ait matted, disheveled, unkempt
mountain trail; gorge, ravine, canyon; (hair); having matted, unkempt hair
gulf, abyss; reef look up alphabetically
iba reef aara u ( ur) to know ( s.th.,
uba pl. uab, ib that), have knowledge, be cognizant (
branch, bough, limb, ramification; shoot, of); to come to know, realize, notice (
twig, sprig, spray; prong, tine; (sub-) s.th., that); to perceive, feel, sense (
division, section, department, branch, cell; s.th., that), be conscious, be aware ( of
field of study, discipline (e.g., at a s.th.); -- (ir) to make or compose poetry,
university); part, portion; (pl. uab) poetize, versify ... (ill bi-),
bronchus bronchitis (med.) ... (ill wa-) and ...
472 ... before be even realized it,
uab bronchial there was all of a sudden ... ; then, all of a
sudden, there was ..., it happened that
ab disrupted, disorganized, IV to let ( s.o.) know ( or s.th., of or
disunited, scattered, dispersed about s.th.), notify, inform ( or s.o.
abn2 Shaban, name of the of or about), give notice or information (
eighth month of the Mohammedan year to s.o., or of or about), impart ( to
s.o., or s.th.) X to fee), sense, notice,
aab2 name of a legendary miser, perceive, realize ( , s.th.), be
hence, said of s.o. extremely niggardly: conscious, be aware ( of): to be filled (
greedier than Aab with a feeling)
aab extremely miserly, ar, aar (coll.; n. un. )pl. ,
avaricious, or greedy; (pl. -n) skinflint, ur, ir hair; bristles; fur,
miter, niggard ( ama) pelt
insatiable greed
ara (n. un.) pl. -t a hair ...
taaub ramification, branching, ( qadra .) not by a hairs breadth
branching off; disruption, split(ting),
disunion ar, aar hairy, hirsute, hair
(adj.)
inib ramification, branching,
branching off; disruption, split(ting), arya pl. -t wire grille, wire
disunion netting, lattice work; O (without pl.)
capillarity . a-abbk
mutaaib ramified, branching; (latticed) window shade, jalousie
manifold, diverse; many-sided, versatile (
m. al-janabt) irya vermicelli

abada to practice jugglery, legerdemain, arn hairy, hirsute, shaggy

sleight of band, or magic ir knowledge laita
abada jugglery, legerdemain, ir I wish I knew ...! would that I
sleight of band, magic knew ...! -- (pl. ar) poetry; poem

aitqa a (aat) to be or become ir poetic(al)

disheveled, unkempt, matted (hair) II to ar pl. ar scrub
dishevel, ruffle ( the hair) V to become country 473
disheveled, ruffled (hair); to disintegrate,
a-ir Sirius, Dog Star
fall apart, decay (of buildings)
(astrron.)
aat: lamma aatah to
ir pl. uur, aira
straighten out the muddled affairs of s.o.,
password, watchword; slogan; motto,
help s.o. to get back on his feet; to
device; mark, token, sign; signal; ir knowing (by instinctive
distinguishing mark or feature, perception), endowed with deeper insight,
characteristic, emblem, badge with intuition; (pl. uar2) poet
I ir (tijr) trade mark irya pl. -t poetry; poetical
ar (coll.) barley; (n. un. ) work, poetization; poetical talent; poet-
barleycorn ( lulu) pearl ship
barley; . al-jafn sty (med.)
awir attacks, diatribes,
O ara bead (of a gun sight, invectives, calumnies, defamations
mil.; Syr.)
mar split, cracked; mad,
uairt damawya blood crazy, idiotic
capillaries (biol.) muirn hairy, hirsute, shaggy
arya vermicelli
aaa to mix with water, dilute ( a
ur knowledge, cognizance; beverage); to shine, beam, radiate, glitter
consciousness, awareness; perception,
muaa half drunk, tipsy,
discernment; perceptive faculty; fuddled
sensation; sentiment; feeling;
perceptiveness, sensitivity, sensibility; aaa a to scorch, sear, singe
mood ( gairi urin) afa pl. if summit, top,
without his being aware of it; peak
to lose consciousness;
unconscious, insensible; ( nafs) aala a (al), II and IV to light,
self-consciousness; do.; kindle, ignite, inflame, set on fire ( s.th.),
diqqat a-. sensitivity, sensibility; set fire ( to s.th.); to set ablaze, fan (
( mutarak) community s.th.) VIII to catch fire, start burning,
spirit, communality, solidarity; ignite, bum, flame, blaze, flare up, break
unreeling, insensitive out (fire) ( gaaban) to be
flaming with rage; ( aiban)
ur conscious; emotional his hair was, or turned, white
unconscious, subconscious
ula pl. ual fire, blaze,
ar (pl.) goats flame; torch
ara pl. air2 religious maal, maala pl.
ceremony, rite, cultic practice; pl. also: mail2 torch
places of worship, cultic shrines
mil torch 474
aar hairy, hirsute, long-haired,
shaggy mail pl. mailya
torch bearer; hangman, executioner
urr poetaster, versifier,
rhymester il lighting, kindling, ignition,
setting on fire, fanning
uwaiir poetaster, venifier,
rhymester itil ignition, inflammation,
combustion, burning
maar pl. mair2 cultic
shrine for ceremonies of the hadj; sensory mutail burning, ablaze, on fire
organ; pl. senses, feelings, sensations anna pl. ann2 palm branch
( arm) the hadj station of )( aad (d) al-. Palm
Muzdalifa east of Mecca Sunday (Chr.)
ir pl. -t notification, aw2 (used attributively with
information ( of, about), notice gra, arb, amla, and the like)
large-scale, devastating everything (over a
wide area)
 awada to practice jugglery, legerdemain,
sleight of band, or magic arts
awada pl. -t jugglery,
legerdemain, sleight of hand; magic,
magic arts; humbug, swindle, tricks
muawid juggler, conjurer,
magician, practitioner of legerdemain;
swindler, trickster (f. )
agaba, agiba a (agb, agab) to disturb
the peace, make trouble, stir up riots,
cause an uproar, riot; to provoke discord,
dissension, or controversy (among
)III to make trouble, disturb the peace; to
rebel ( against), mutiny
agab, agb unrest, trouble,
disturbance, discord, dissension; riot,
commotion, uproar, strife, tumult; brawl,
fight, broil, fracas; row, wrangle,
contention, quarrel, controversy
aggb troublemaker, agitator,
subverter
agb causing much noise and
unrest, riotous, turbulent, troublous
magib2 troubles, disorders,
disturbances
mugaba pl. -t disorder,
disturbance, trouble, riot, uproar; rebellion
( against); discord, dissension, row,
wrangle, quarrel, controversy
magib pl. -n troublemaker,
agitator, subverter, rioter, mischief-maker
agara II ( ugr) to be devoid of
fortifications, be unprotected (country); to
be free, vacant, unoccupied, open (seat,
position)
ugr vacancy (of a position)
gir empty and unprotected (of a
country); free, vacant, unoccupied, open
(seat, position); awgir2 vacancies
agafa a (agf) (to hit, or affect, the
pericardium, i.e.) to infatuate, enamor, fill
with ardent passion ( s.o.); pass.
))ugifa bih (ubban) to love s.o. or
s.th. passionately, be madly in love with
s.o., be infatuated with or enamored of
s.o., be extremely fond of s.th. VII
= ugifa bih
agaf pericardium; passionate
love, passion, sensual desire; infatuation,
enamoredness, amorousness; ardent zeal,
craze, love, passion
agif madly in love, infatuated (
with), enamored ( of), fascinated ( by)
igf pericardium
agf obsessed with fervent
affection ( for); madly in love, infatuated
( with), enamored ( of)
magf passionately fond ( of),
madly in love, infatuated ( with),
enamored ( of), fascinated ( by)
agala a (agl, ugl) to occupy, busy (
s.o. with); to preoccupy ( s.o.), keep (
s.o.) busy, give ( s.o.) trouble; 475 to
distract, divert, alienate ( s.o. from
s.th.).; to occupy, fill, hold, have ( office,
seat, position); to take up, fill ( s.th.),
engage, engross ( the attention); to
engage, tie down ( forces of the
opponent); -- pass. ugila to occupy o.s.,
busy o.s. be busy ( with), be engaged in;
to be taken up, occupied ( by, e.g.,
ground by buildings); to be
distracted by s.th. from to
occupy o.s., busy o.s. with, work at, attend
to; to disquiet, discomfit, make
uneasy, trouble, disturb; ( waqt)
to devote tim, to II to busy, occupy ( s.o.),
engage, engross ( s.th.); to employ (
s.o.), provide employment ( for s.o.); to
put ( s.o.) to work, make ( a machine)
work, put in operation, make run, start (
a machine); to make, produce,
manufacture, fabricate ( s.th.); to invest (
money) III to hold in play, keep
occupied, divert ( s.o.); to distract ( s.o.)
IV to occupy, busy, employ ( s.o.); to
occupy, hold, fill, have ( an office, a
position); to fill, take up ( s.th.), engage,
engross ( the attention); to cover ( a
space with a building or buildings),
occupy, take up, fill ( a space with); to
take, take up, require ( time); to engage,
tie down ( forces of the opponent); to
distract, divert, alienate, entice away (
from) to disquiet, discomfit,
make uneasy, trouble, disturb, preoccupy
VI to occupy o.s., busy o.s. be occupied or
busy, be preoccupied ( with), be
engaged ( in), attend, devote o.s. ( to
s.th.); to pretend to be busy VII to occupy
o.s., busy o.s. be occupied or busy, be
preoccupied ( with); to be concerned (
about) VIII to busy o.s. occupy o.s. be
occupied or busy ( or with), be
engaged ( or in), attend, devote o.s. (
or to s.th.); to work; to study (Jo
under or with); to work, run, operate, be in
operation, be in motion (machine, and the
like) ( qalbuh) to be uneasy, at); syntactical regimen, government (of a
apprehensive, worried; to be
distracted by s.th. from
ugl occupancy, filling, taking up;
detention, prevention, distraction (
from); -- (pl. itigl, ugl) activity; object of concern or worry; pl.
occupation, activity; work, job; business,
concern that which ie
uppermost in ones mind, chief or
foremost concern; s.th. which preoccupies
s.o.s mind or distracts s.o. ( from);
( qqa) hard labor; greatest worry
(mma) or ( ummya) public magl busy, occupied ( with);
works; ( yadaw) handwork;
manual labor; . yad (colloq., used
appositionally) handmade;
preoccupied ( with), concerned (
about); busy, occupied with;
to be too busy or preoccupied (
with) to be able to attend to s.th.;
ilzam uglaka mind your own
business!
aggl very busy; hard-working,
industrious, diligent, laborious, active;
being in operation, running (of a
machine); (pl. -n) worker, workman,
laborer
aggl pl. ( syr.) worker,
workman, laborer, (lowly) employee
gl mainsheet (of a sailing
vessel)
magal pl. magil2
workshop; workhouse
pl. magil2 occupation, 1
avocation, activity, business, concern,
work, job; effort, exertion; diversion,
distraction, preoccupation, disturbance
tagl employment, occupation;
providing of employment, provision of
work; hiring (of s.o., as a worker);
opening, starting, putting into operation;
476 production, manufacture, making;
investment (of money)
inigl (state of) being busy or
occupied; occupation, activity;
overcharge, overwork; apprehension,
concern, anxiety
itigl (state of) being busy or
occupied; work, occupation ( or with,
word by another; gram.)
gil pl. awgil that which
preoccupies s.o., engrosses s.o.s
attention, takes up s.o.s time; occupation,
distractions, preoccupations
be found distraction from it in
; ( alfi gilin) he had a
thousand other things to think of than ...;
( akbara gilin) it was his
distracted, diverted ( from); occupied,
taken (seat, space); busy, occupied
(telephone line, and the like); worked on,
processed anxious,
apprehensive, concerned, worried;
( dahabya, fiya)
gold and silver work
maglya anxiety,
apprehension, concern
muaggal employee, worker
mutagil busy, occupied ( or
with); in operation, running (of a
machine)
afa pl. ifh, afawt lip;
rim, edge ( uly) upper lip,
( sufl) lower lip; .
a1-arnab harelip; bint . word
and see
see
afif2, afyif2 lips
2
affa i ( uff, aff,
afaf) to be thin, flimsy; to be transparent,
diaphanous, translucid, pellucid; to let (
s.th.) shimmer through, reveal, disclose,
betray ( s.th.) VIII to drink up, drain,
empty ( s.th.); to eat up, devour ( s.th.)
 X to look ( through s.th., e.g.. through a
piece of fabric in order to ascertain its
quality); to have a glimpse ( of s.th.),
hope ( for s.th.); to try to see ( through
s.th.), seek to penetrate ( s.th.); to
perceive, discern, make out ( s.th.); to
shimmer ( through s.th.), show (
through s.th.); to manifest itself, become
tangible, perceptible, noticeable
aff, iff pl. uff diaphanous
fabric, gauze
afaf transparency, translucence,
diaphaneity
aff thin, flimsy, translucent,
transparent, diaphanous
uff transparancy, translucence,
diaphaneity
uffa the rest in the glass
afff thin, flimsy, translucent,
transparent, diaphanous
afffya transparency,
translucence, diaphaneity
ift pl. uft (eg.) pincers, tweezers
aftara to pout, sulk
aftra thick lip
see
see
1
afr pl. afr palpebral margin from
which the eyelashes grow, (outer) edge of
the eyelid; edge, rim, border, fringe
ifra cipher, code
afafa to dry, dry out, parch, drain (
s.th.)
la/ala to suck, suck up, absorb; to empty,
drain; to sip
affa pl. -t siphon O
. al-gubr vacuum cleaner
afaa a (af) to double ( s.th.); to
attach, add, subjoin ( to s.th. s.th.),
enclose ( in s.th. s.th.); to give the
(right of) pre-emption ( to s.o. on s.th.),
grant ( s.o.) the lint refusal ( of s.th.); --
( afa) to mediate, use ones good
offices, put in a good word, intercede,
intervene, plead ( or for or on behalf
of s.o., with s.o. else) V to mediate, use
ones good offices, put in a good word,
intercede, intervene, plead ( or for
or on behalf of s.o. with s.o. else)
af pl. af, if either
part of a pair; even number
af diplopia, double vision of a
single object
af even (of a number)
ufa (right of) pre-emption
af pl. ufa2 mediator,
intercessor, advocate; patron saint (Chr.);
holder of the right of pre-emption,
preemptor
afa mediation, intercession,
advocacy

ufr pl. afr palpebral margin fi mediator, intercessor,

from which the eyelashes grow, 477
(outer) edge of the eyelid; edge, rim,
border. fringe; -- labium (anat.)
afra pl. afart, ifr large
knife; blade (of a sword, of a knife); razor
blade; (pl. )brink, edge, verge
on the brink of the abyas
afr palpebral margin from which
the eyelashes grow; (outer) edge of the
eyelids; edge, rim, border, fringe
mifar pl. mafir2 flew,
chap; trunk, snout, proboscis
2
( Fr. chiffre) cipher, code
ifr ciphered, coded, in code
advocate; holder of the right of pre-
emption, pre-emptor
a-fi founder of one of the
four orthodox Islamic schools of theology;
Shafiitic; (pl. -n, awfi)
adherent of the Shafiitic school, Shafiite
maf accompanied ( by),
attended, combined ( with)
IV to pity, commiserate ( s.o.), feel
pity ( for), sympathize ( with); to be
concerned ( that, about) worry (
that, about), fear ( that, for,
s.o., s.th.), be apprehensive, feel anxiety (
about, as a result of); to shun, shirk
 ( s.th.), beware ( of), be on ones
guard ( against)
afaq evening glow, twilight, dusk
( janb) aurora australis;
( aml) aurora borealis;
( qub) polar light; Twilight
of the Gods
afaqa compassion,
commiseration, pity, sympathy,
kind(li)ness, tenderness, affectionateness,
solicitude, loving care pitiless,
merciless
afq compassionate,
sympathetic, affectionate, tender,
solicitous, kind(ly)
afq compassionate, sympathetic,
affectionate, tender, solicitous, kind(ly)
ifq compassion, pity, sympathy;
tenderness, affectionateness; care,
solicitude; concern, worry, anxiety,
apprehension 478
fin proud
III to speak (mouth to mouth) ( to s.o.)
pl. see 2
afah lip-, labio- (in compounds),
labial; oral; orals (= oral
examination); afahyan orally
the labials b, f, m, w (phon.)
ifhan orally
ifh oral; the orals (=
oral examination); ifhyan orally
mufahatan orally
IV to be very close ( to s.th.), be on the
verge, on the brink of s.th. ((
( ffat al-yas) he brought
him to the brink of despair
afan pl. af edge, rim,
border, brink, verge
afaw lip-, labio- (in
compounds), labial; oral; afawyan
orally the labials b, f, m, w
(phon.)
mufin moribund, doomed to death
af i ( if) to cure ( s.o. of a
disease), heal ( s.o. of a disease, a
wound), make ( s.o.) well, restore ( s.o.)
to health; -- pass. ufya to be healed, be
cured, be restored to health, recover,
convalesce, recuperate; to heal, heal up
(wound) ( ) )gullatah) to
quench ones thirst, gratify ones desire,
satisfy ones thirst for revenge;
( gaiah) to vent ones anger on s.o.,
take it out on s.o. V and VIII to be cured,
be healed, be restored to health ( by); to
take revenge, avenge o.s., satisfy ones
thirst for revenge, vent ones anger, take it
out ( on) X to seek a cure
if cure, healing, restoration,
recovery, recuperation, convalescence;
satisfaction, gratification; (pl. afiyah,
afin) remedy, medicament,
medication, medicine curable
` sif healing, curative,
medicative
mafan pl. mafn2 hospital
taaffin gratification of ones thirst
for revenge, satisfaction
istif seeking of a cure; cure,
(course of) treatment
fin healing, curative, medicative,
salutary; satisfactory, clear, unquivocal (of
an answer)
mustaf pl.
mustatayt hospital; field hospital;
sanitorium insane
asylum, mental hospital
aqqa u (aqq) to split, cleave, part, tear,
rend, rip ( s.th.); to break ( s.th.); to
plow, till, break up ( the ground); to
furrow, traverse, cross ( s.th.); to pass
go, travel ( through a region); to break
(dawn); -- ( uqq) to break forth,
shoot up, sprout (plant), break through,
erupt (tooth); -- (aqq, maaqqa) to
be heavy, oppressive, burden some
unbearable ( for s.o.); to grieve, trouble
( s.o.); to molest, harass inconvenience
( s.o.), be troublesome, cumbersome (
for s.o.); to visit ( s.o.). call (
upon s.o.) ( jaibah) to tear the
front of the garment as a sign of mourning
(woman); to cut, or open, a way
for o.s.; to break the silence;
) )to build a street (a road);
to force ones way, plow ahead;
 to open up, or enter upon, a new aqq a half, moiety; (pl.
path 479 aiqqa, aiqq) full brother, brother
(fig.); ( a) to part from the on the paternal and maternal side;
(attributively) brother-, sister-; -- anemone
community, break with the community;
( a -a) to rebel, revolt, ( qur) the brother country;
( duwal) the sister states (esp.
renounce allegiance; ( a l-
with reference to Arab countries)
qaum) to sow discord among people;
( gubrahum) he did not reach their aqqa pl. -t, aqiq2 full
mark; ( yuaqqu gubaruh) he sister, sister on the paternal and maternal
is unsurpassable, he is incomparable, there side; hemicrania, migraine
is no one like him II to split ( s.th.); to . an-numn red anemones (bot.)
tear open, rip open, slit open ( s.th.) V to
aaqq2 more troublesome, more
be split, be cleft; to split, crack, bunt; to be tiresome, more difficult, harder
cracked VII to be split, be cleft; to split,
crack, burst; to split off, separate, maaqqa pl. -t, maqq2
segregate, secede, break away, withdraw ( trouble, toil, labor, difficulty, hardship
from), break ( with), renounce ( iqq disunity, dissension, discord
s.th.); to become a schismatic (Chr.); to
break (dawn) ( ahum) iniqq separation, segregation,
they fell out (with one another); dissociation, spilt; schism (Chr.);
( marratuh) he exploded (with dissension, discord, disunion
anger), he blew his top VIII to derive ( itiqiq derivation, etymology (of
word from) a word)
aqq pl. uqq fissure, crack, qq troublesome, tiresome,
chink, crevice, rift, cleft, crevasse, chasm, wearisome, cumbersome, tiresome,
split, rent, tear, rip, gap, slit, slot; half, tedious, fatiguing, arduous, onerous,
moiety; -- fission, splitting, cracking, difficult, hard hard labor
cleavage . ad-darra atomic
fission muqq schismatic (Chr.)

iqq half, side, part, portion; mutaqq pl. -t derivative (gram.)

trouble, difficulty, hardship IV to send far away, remove to a distant
. al-muraa opposition party; ... place ( s.o.)
( ill bi-iqqi l-anfus),
uqduf pl. aqdif2 a kind of sedan
only with great effort, with great
480
difficulty, barely
aqira a (aqar) and aqura u (
aqqa rift, tear, rip, fissure, crack,
uqra) to be of fair complexion, be light
split, crevice
skinned; to be blond, fair-haired
iqqa pl. iqaq, iqq a
aqar fair-complexionedness;
half, moiety; piece; splinter; trouble, toil,
blondness
labor, difficulty, hardship; difficult
journey; destination of a journey; distance uqra fair-complexionedness;
blondness; redness
iqqa, aqqa pl. iqaq
apartment, flat, split-level apartment; aqar2, f. aqr2, pl. uqr
compertmeut (in a train) fair-complexioned, light skinned; blond,
fair-haired; reddish
uqqa pl. uqaq trouble, toil,
labor, difficulty, hardship; difficult saqraqa to be gay, cheerful, be
journey; destination of a journey; distance exhilarated, amuse o.s.
bud a-uqqa (and a-iqqa) aqaqa to twitter, peep, chirp; to babble
large or wide distance; b. a-iqqa ( s.th.); to peep, break (dawn)
(and a-iqqa) far away, distant, remote to chat, chatter about s.th.
 aqaqa pl. -t twitter(ing),
peopling), chirp(ing); (silly) prattle; pl.
aqiq2 rigmarole, rambling talk
( silly) prattle; s. an- min dni akk without doubt,
nahr daybreak, peep of dawn
iqiqa pl. aqiq2 faucal
bag of the camel
aqaf (coll.; n. un. ( )pot)sherds
uqfa (pot)sherds
1
qil shekel
2
ql plumbline, plummet
aqlaba to turn things upside down, upset
things II taaqlaba to be upset, be toppled;
to turn a somersault
aqlaba pl. -t somersault
( and ( aq u ( aqw) to
make ( s.o.) unhappy, miserable,
wretched, distress ( s.o.); -- aqiya a (
aq, saqwa, aqwa) to be credit; to borrow
unhappy, miserable, wretched, distressed;
to have trouble ( with, in s.th.) IV to
make ( s.o.) unhappy, miserable,
wretched, distress ( s.o.)
aq and saqan misfortune,
distress, misery, wretchedness, pain,
suffering; hardship, trouble, toil, drudgery
aqy pl. aqiy2 unhappy,
unlucky, miserable, wretched, distressed;
damned; wretch, villain, culprit, criminal,
scoundrel, rogue; nasty, naughty,
mischievous
aqwa misfortune, distress, misery
saqwa misfortune, distress,
misery; mischief, nastiness, naughtiness
1
akka u (akk) to pierce, transfix ( s.o.
with); to impale, spit ( s.th. on); to
prick, stab ( s.th.); to doubt ( or s.o.,
s.th.); to distrust, suspect, question ( or
s.o., s.th.), entertain doubts, have
misgivings ( or about s.o., about
s.th.); to be skeptical II to make ( s.o.)
doubt ( s.th.), fill ( s.o.) with doubt,
misgivings, skepticism, suspicion (
about) V to doubt ( or s.o., s.th.), have
doubts ( or about); to be skeptical,
have misgivings
akk pl. ukk doubt,
uncertainty, suspicion, misgiving
(bi-l), ( akka), wa-l akka,
doubtless, undoubtedly, indubitably,
certainly, positively;
(sabla) doubtless, indubitable, beyond
any doubt; ( yataarraqu,
akku) do.
akka stab, thrust, jab (with the
point of a weapon)
taakkuk doubt; skepticism
kk doubting, in doubt, skeptical
or armed to the
teeth, bristling with arms
makk fhi doubtful, dubious,
uncertain; ( amrih)
suspect(ed) 481
2
akkaka (eg.) to sell on credit; to buy on
ukuk (eg.) on credit
3
( Fr. chque) pl. check
1
akara u (ukr, ukrn) to thank (
or s.o., or or for s.th.), be
thankful, grateful ( or to s.o., or or
for s.th.); to praise, laud, extol ( or
s.o.) ( yukaru) worthy of
thanks, deserving acknowledgment,
meritorious, praiseworthy V to thank (
s.o. for s.th.), be thankful, grateful ( to
s.o. for s.th.)
ukr pl. ukr thankfulness,
gratefulness, gratitude; thanks,
acknowledgment; praise, laudation
ukran lak I thank you! thanks!
to express many thanks to s.o.
ukr of thanks, thanking
ukrn thankfulness,
gratefulness, gratitude; thanks,
acknowledgment; praise, laudation
akr very thankful
kir thankful, grateful
makr worthy of thanks,
deserving acknowledgment, meritorious,
praiseworthy
2
ikra pl. akir2 (eg.) sack,
gunny sack
3
look up alphabetically appearance, figure, form, shape, build;
4 form of perception, perceptual form (as
look up alphabetically
opposed to matter or content; philos.); 482
akusa u ( aksa) and akisa a type, out, pattern; mode, manner; sort,
(akas) to be malicious, spiteful, kind, specimen; vowelization,
querulous, quarrelsome, peevish, petulant, voweling; formally, in form
ill-tempered, morose, surly, sullen, sulky, they and the like of them
grumpy, unfriendly III to pick a quarrel, to
quarrel ( with s.o.) VI to quarrel (with akl formal; pl. formalities
one another), be querulous, quarrelsome, O aklya formalism
petulant; to be incongruous
ikl coquetry, coquettishness
akis pl. uks malicious, akila coquettish woman, coquette,
spiteful, querulous, quarrelsome, peevish,
flirt
petulant, ill-tempered, morose, surly,
sullen, sulky, grumpy, unfriendly ukl quarrelsome, peevish
aksa malice, spite, ikal pl. -t, ukul fetter,
querulousness, peevishness, petulance, ill- hobble (for shackling the feet of a riding
temperedneess, moroseness, surliness, animal)
sullenness, sulkiness, grumpiness, takl pl. -t forming, formation,
unfriendliness; rudeness shaping, molding, fashioning, creation,
mukasa pl. -t quarrel, organization, building up; order of march
controversy, dispute, wrangle; plot, (mil.); pl. formations;
conspiracy; moroseness, surliness, organizations
grumpiness; petulance, nagging, takla assortment, selection,
querulousness variety; formation
takus incongruity, absurdity mukala similarity,
and look up alphabetically resemblance, likeness
akala u (akl) to hobble ( an ikl dubiosity, ambiguity,
animal with the ikl, q.v.); to vowel, obscurity, vagueness
point, provide with vowel points ( a takul similarity, resemblance
text); to be dubious, ambiguous,
equivocal, vague, obscure, intricate, kila way, manner, mode; (pl.
difficult II = I; to shape, fashion, form, awkil2) flank, side, groin
create, mold, organize, build up ( s.th.); in the manner of, of the kind of, like,
to diversify, vary, variegate ( s.th.), of their kind, like them;
bring variety ( into s.th.) III to be similar to be of the same kind, of the same
( to s.o., to s.th.), resemble ( s.o., strain as s.th.
s.th.), be like s.o. or s.th. ( )IV to be muakkal different, diverse,
dubious, ambiguous, equivocal, vague, manifold, miscellaneous, variegated;
obscure, intricate, difficult ( for s.o.) V vowel(iz)ed
to be formed, fashioned, shaped, molded,
created, organized, built up, take form, mukil turbid, murky (liquid);
take shape; to be variegated, shaded, dubious, ambiguous, equivocal, obscure,
graded, form various gradation; to vague, hazy; difficult, intricate, involved,
materialize, appear in visible form ( to problematic; problem, unsolved question,
s.o.) ( bi-aklih) to take on the issue; difficulty
shape of s.o., assume the form of s.th. X to mukila pl. -t, makil2
regard as dubious ( s.th.); = IV problem, unsolved question, issue;
akl pl. akl, ukl difficulty
similarity, resemblance, likeness; outward
 akama u (akm) to bridle ( an animal); ikriy chicory
to bribe ( s.o.); to silence, gag, muzzle
uklta (eg.), iklta (syr.), chocolate
(s.o.)
and see ( alphabetically)
akma pl. akim2,
ukum, akm bit, curb, snaffle, alla a (all, alal) to dry up, wither,
bridoon; (pl. )O brake (of a wheel); become crippled, stunted; to be paralyzed,
unruliness, unyieldingness obstinacy; be lame; -- alla u to paralyze ( s.th.)
contempt, disdain, scorn ( arakatah) to overwhelm s.o.,
stubborn, obstinate, unyielding; ring s.o. down IV to cause ( the hand)
quwwat a-. energy; qawy a- to wither; to paralyze ( s.th.); to
. energetic, vigorous, active neutralize, bring to a stand-still ( s.th.)
VII to be paralyzed, be lamed
III to resemble ( s.th.), he like
s.th. () alla destination (of a journey)
) )ak u ( akw, illa pl. ilal hank, skein (of
akw, akh, ikya, yarn); coil, spool; party, group
akya) to complain ( or of, about, alal paralysill, pelsy, paralyzation
or to s.o., or of or about s.th.), (also fig.) . al-afl,
make a complaint; to raise or lodge a ( ifl) infantile paralysis,
complaint ( or of, about or against poliomyelitis; ( ihtizz)
s.o., or with s.o.); to suffer ( from paralysis agitans, Parkinsons disease
s.th.) V = I; VI to complain to one another
( of, about s.th.) VIII = I alll pl. -t cataract, waterfall,
rapids
akwa complaint, grievance; (pl.
akawt, ik) small skin (for aall2, f. all2 withered,
water or milk) stunted (hand); paralyzed, lame; a
paralytic
akw pl. akw
complaint; accusation; suffering, mall paralyzed, lame
grievance alab dandyish, foppish; dandy,
akh complaint; accusation; fop; (pal.) nice, handsome, beautiful
suffering, grievance 1
II to kick
ikya complaint; accusation; 2
alta pl. -t, ilat mattress
suffering, grievance
alaa a (al) to take off ( tiybah
akya complaint; accusation; ones clothes); to shed the cloth (),
suffering, grievance renounce the ministry (monk, prieat) II to
akk given to complaining, undress, disrobe, strip ( s.o.); to roh,
querulous plunder ( s.o.)
mikh pl. mikwt, mala pl. mali, (syr.,
makin niche (for a lamp); lamp, pendent nejd.) long, sowing cloak of wool or
lamp 483 camels hair, also one with gold
kin complainant, plaintiff embroidery
= kk as-s. tal robbing, plundering,
( ( makw complained of, robbery
accused, charged; an accused, defendant mualla dressing room (in a
mutakin complainant, plaintiff public bath)
mutaka alaihi complained alala to dribble, trickle
of, accused, charged; an accused, ilfa (razor) blade
defendant
1
alaqa u (alq) to split lengthwise ( al-imm the pronunciation of u
s.th.) with a trace of i, as rdda for rudda, and
vice versa, qla for qla (gram.)
bale (e.g., of hay)
2 mma sense of smell, olfaction
aulaq person with a sweet tooth
look up alphabetically mamm musk
1 ) )imaazza = to contract, get
look up alphabetically
contracted, shrink; to shrink back, recoil (
2
look up alphabetically from), shudder ( at), abhor, detest (
( Engl.) ilin pl. -t shilling s.th.), feel disgust ( for), be nauseated (
by)
ilw pl. al corpse (esp. one in a
state of decay); severed member (of the imizz shudder; disgust,
body); part torn off, fragment; remnant; aversion, repugnance
stump of a limb mumaizz disgusted, nauseated,
( Turk. ilek) ilek (eg.) strawberries revolted ( by)

amma (1st pers. perf. amimtu) a and (1st ( Fr.) ambany champagne
pers. perf. amamtu) u (amm, amm) amita a ( amt, amta) to
to smell, sniff ( s.th.); to snulf ( s.th.); rejoice at the misfortune of s.o. (), gloat
to emanate, exude ( from) over s.o.s ( )mishaps, savor s.o.s ()
( ))hawa) to get a breath of fresh bad luck II to disappoint ( s.o.) IV to
air, take a walk; -- amma (1st pers. perf. cause s.o. ( )to take malicious pleasure in
amimtu) a ( amam) to behave the mishaps of another ()
proudly or haughtily, be proud, haughty,
supercilious II to give ( s.o. s.th.) to amt malicious joy,
smell, 484 let ( s.o.) smell ( s.th.) IV Schadenfreude
II V to savor the smell of s.th. (), sniff ( aamta malicious joy,
s.th.) to nose about for news Schadenfreude, malice
VIII to smell, sniff ( s.th.); to gather, mit pl. ummt, pl. f.
understand ( s.th. from), read (
awmit2 enjoying anothers misfortune,
s.th. into) malicious, gloating
amm smelling; sense of smell, amaka a (samk, umk) to be
olfaction Egyptian popular high, tall, lofty, tower up, loom
holiday on the Monday following the (mountain, building); to disdain (
Greek Coptic Easter at the end of March, s.th.), turn up ones nose ( at s.th.)
in April or in early May ( ) )bi-anfih, anfah) to be
amma pinch (of snuff); smell, arrogant, haughty, proud, supercilious VI
odor; slight trace of s.th., whiff to be high, tall, lofty, tower up, loom; to
be boastful, put on airs; to be proud,
amm olfactory
haughty, supercilious
amam pride, haughtiness,
tamuk pride, haughtiness,
superciliousness
arrogance
ammm pl. -n (tobacco) snuffer
mik pl. ummak,
ammm (coll.; n. un. )musk- awmik2 high, tall, lofty, towering;
melon, cantaloupe proud, haughty, supercilious
aamm 2, f. amm2, pl. . al-anf proud, haughty, supercilious,
umm having a sensitive, or good, nose; arrogant
supercilious, haughty; proud (in a mutamik high, tall, lofty,
complimentary sense); highborn; most towering; proud, haughty, supercilious;
honorable towering in lofty heights
 mumakirr lofty, towering (of
buildings)
II to gather up, lift, roll up, tuck up,
turn up ( a garment); to prepare, get
ready to embark upon s.th.,
buckle down to s.th.; to bare
the upper arm (by rolling up the sleeve),
get to work; ( s. al-jidd) to
buckle dawn to a job, rally all ones
forces, put ones shoulder to the wheel V
to set to work briskly 485
amar fennel (bot.)
umra, amra fennel
amr fennel
muammir busily at work in (an
activity)
2
umrk pl. amrk stalk with s.th.) ( fatla) to slip away,
date cluster; date-palm panicle, branch
stripped of its leaves; little stick;
detonator, primer cap
see
amasa u ( ums, ims) to ( li-talm al-araya) floor
be headstrong, balky, restive (of a horse);
-- amasa i u and amisa a (amas) to be
sunny (day) II to expose ( s.th.) to the
sun, lay ( s.th.) out in the sun to dry; to
perform the office of deacon (Chr.) IV to
be sunny (day) V to bask, sun o.s., lie or
sit in the sun
ams f., pl. ums sun
samt a-. ecliptic (astron.);
sunrise; arbat a-
. sunstroke, heat prostration;
abbd a-. sunflower; sunset
ams sun- (in compounds), solar
( gram.) the sun letters impermeable (of a garment); -- (pl. -t)
(which assimilate the l of the article);
( ra) photograph, photo;
phtoography
amsya pl. -t (colloq.
ams) sunshade, parasol; umbrella;
curtain, screen; stop (of a wind
instrument) . a-ubbk candlestick, candelabrum
window curtain, drape; O . a- look up alphabetically 486
ayyr parachute
ams pl. umus headstrong,
balky, restive (horse)
amms pl. ammisa
deacon of the lower rank of the ministry,
nowadays, with unconsecrated persons
frequently performing this office,
corresponding to the sexton or sacristan
(Chr.); acolyte and liturgical cantor of
Oriental Christian rites (clerics and
laymen)
amis sunny (day)
mumis sunny (day)
amama to sniff ( s.th.)
amia a (ama) to become gray, haired,
turn gray
ama2, f. am 2, pl.
um, gray-haired
II to rub, or smear, with wax, to wax (
abscond, make off, decamp
am, ama (coll.; n. un. )pl.
um wax; (wax) candles
sealing wax; . al-katm do.;
wax
ama, amaa (n. un.) (wax)
candle O . a-arra spark
plug
am, ama waxy, waxen,
ceraceous, cero- (in compounds), made of
wax
amm chandler, maker or seller
of candles
amma clothes rack, clothes
peg, hat rack
muamma waterproof,
waterproof material; impregnated linen;
waterproof cover or coating; oilcloth, wax
cloth; linoleum ( li-s-
saqf) bituminous roof covering, roofing
felt, tar paper; ( miaf) raincoat
amaddn pl. -t, amid2,
1
amila a (amal) and amala u (aml,
uml) to contain, comprise,
comprehend, enclose ( s.th.); to imply,
implicate, include ( s.th.); to touch,

affect, fill, overcome, pervade ( s.o.,
s.th., of feelings, emotions); to prevail, be
general, universal
(bi-inyatih) to bestow ones care on
s.o., take s.o. under ones wing V
to wrap o.s. in the amla (q.v.) VIII
= V; to wrap o.s. ( in s.th.); to
contain, comprise, comprehend, enclose,
enfold, imply, implicate, include (
s.th.) ( sawdu) it was
completely black
aml uniting, gathering,
concentration; unity. union
jam a-. reunion, reunification;
reunion; unity, union; look up alphabetically
mazzaqa amlah to break up, dismember,
dismantle, parcel s.th.; to partition s.th.,
divide s.th. up
amla pl. amalt cloak; turban
ummu amlata the world, the
temporal joys
amil2 (pl.) good qualities;
character, nature
amal more comprehensive; more
general, more universal
mil comprehensive, exhaustive;
general, universal, complete, total
maml contained, comprised,
included, implied ( bi-
riyatih) enjoying the protection or
patronage of s.o.; the
inherent functions of an office
mutamal comprising, containing,
including ( s.th.)
mutamal cottage (for rent)
mutamalt contents
2 anana rustling (of paper); cracking,
aml, iml north; north wind; iml
left hand; left side; left; the left
(pol.); imla north of ;
imlan to the left; northward, to the north
( arq) northeast; 1
(garb) northwest; kaukab a- 2
. polar star; ( yad) the left hand
amal, iml northern, northerly,
north; situated on the left; the
leftist parties (pol.) ( afaq) anua u (ana, anaa) to be ugly,
aurora borealis, northern lights
3
umll pl. amll2 small amount,
small quantity; -- (eg.) amll brisk, vivid,
agile, lively, nimble
4
look up alphabetically
amandar white beet, chard
amandra buoy
1
anna u (ann): ( gratan) to make
a raid, an invasion; to make an attack,
launch an attack ( against, on) IV = I
ann pl. unn (water)skin
mianna basket without handles
anaa a ( ann, anan) to hate
anab pl. anb mustache
intiyn pl. antn2 loose trousers
resembling pantalets, worn by women
anija a (anaj) to contract, shrink; to
suffer from convulsions V = I; to twitch
taannuj contraction, shriveling,
shrinking (of the skin); convulsive
contraction (of a muscle), twitch, jerk,
convulsion, spasm, fit, cramp
( ra) clonic spasm;
(kuzz) tonic spasm
taannuj spastic, spasmodic,
cramplike, paroxysmal, convulsive 487
unkba pl. ankb2 large rock,
boulder
II to blame, censure, revile, slander, abuse
( s.o.)
anr disgrace, ignominy
anriq2 = arniq2
crackling
inina pl. anin2 nature,
disposition; habit, custom, practice
unaia knot; noose, loop
ana pl. una suitcase; satchel;
bag, traveling bag . al-yad
handbag
abominable, repugnant, repulsive,
atrocious, hideous, horrid, horrible,
disgraceful; -- anaa a (an) to dishonor,
 disgrace ( or s.o.) II to calumniate, ahida a ( uhd) to witness (
slander, revile, defame ( s.o.); to s.th.), be witness ( of s.th.); to
pillory, expose, condemn, denounce ( experience personally ( s.th.), see with
s.o., s.th.) ones own eyes ( s.o. in a situation); to be
present ( at), attend ( a celebration); to
an ugly, abominable, repugnant,
be present at the public appearance of s.o.
repulsive, disgusting, atrocious, hideous,
( ;)to see ( s.th.); -- ( ahda) to
horrid, horrible, disgraceful, ignominious
testify, bear witness; to attest, confirm,
una ugliness, hideousness, certify ( s.th., that), testify, give
horridness, repulsiveness testimony, give evidence ( against s.o.,
an ugly, abominable, repugnant, to or about s.th., in s.o.s favor); to sign
repulsive, disgusting, atrocious, hideous, as a witness, to witness (J. a document);
horrid, horrible, disgraceful, ignominious 488 to acknowledge, adjudge ( to s.o.,
s.th.) to swear by God; to
ana ugliness, hideousness, notarize ill to see (with ones own eyes),
horridness, repulsiveness view, inspect, watch, observe, witness (
ana2, f. an2 ugly, s.th.) IV to call ( upon s.o.) as a witness (
abominable, repugnant, repulsive, for s.th.); pass. uhida to be martyred,
disgusting, atrocious, hideous, horrid, die as a martyr X to call ( or upon s.o.)
horrible, disgraceful, ignominious or cite ( or s.o.) as witness ( against
or for, in); to cite, quote ( s.th.); to
ungba pl. angb2 attest (e.g., the meaning
spicate protuberance; thorn, spike of a word by a verse); pass. ustuhida to
II ( dna) to please the ears, to be martyred, die as a martyr
delight (of a voice) ahd, uhd pl. ihd honey;
sanf pl. unf earring honeycomb
anaqa u (anq) to hang ( s.th., s.o. on ahda carbuncle
the gallows) ahd pl. uhad2 witness;
anq hanging martyr, one killed in battle with the
infidels; one killed in action
anaq rope
ahda (woman) martyr
minaqa pl. maniq2
gallows, gibbet; scaffold, place of ahda pl. -t testimony, witness,
execution (by hanging); manaqa gallows, evidence, deposition; statement;
gibbet certificate, certification, testimonial,
affidavit; attestation, attest; credentials,
manq hanged
identification; (Muslim) creed (= doftrinal
unqub bcassine, snipe (zool.) formula); martyrdom, . al-
ankala (eg.) to trip ( s.o.) up; to hook up itbt evidence for the prosecution;
( . usn as-sair)
ankal pl. ankil2 clothes certificate of good conduct;
peg; hook . kulw a-araf an il-amal
anhaqa to bray (donkey) certificate of discharge (from a position);
( tnawya) secondary
ahab gray color, gray school diploma; . zr false
uhba gray color, gray testimony; indirect
testimony (Isl. Law); .
ihb pl. uhub, uhbn
al-limya (Eg.) diploma of higher
flame, blaze, fire; shooting star, luminous
learning (highest diploma awarded by Al
meteor; star
Azhar University); ( liya)
ahab2, f. ahb2, pl. diploma; . an-nafy evidence for
uhb gray; epithet of Aleppo (Syria) the defense; birth certificate
 mahad pl. mahid2 place of ahara a (ahr) to make well-known,
assembly, assembly, meeting; place where famous, renowned, notorious ( s.o.,
a martyr or hero died; religious shrine s.th.); to spread, make known, divulge,
venerated by the people, esp. the tomb of proclaim, announce ( s.th.); to draw,
a saint; funeral cortege; profession; view, unsheathe ( a weapon); pass. uhira to
aspect, spectacle, sight, scenery; place or be or become well-known, famed, famous,
object of interest; scene (e.g., of a crime, renowned, notorious ( by or for s.th.
of nature); act, number (as part of a respectively, by or under a name)
program, e.g., in vaudeville), scene (in ( arb) to declare war on s.o.;
theater, as part of a play); aspect ( bunduqya) to level a gun (
( gin) song scene, vocal recital; at s.o.) II to make well-known, famous,
m. al-ayh aspects of life renowned, notorious ( s.o., s.th.); to
spread, make known, divulge, proclaim,
muhada seeing, viewing,
announce ( s.th.); to defame, slander,
witnessing, inspection; (pl. -t) view,
revile publicly, pillory, condemn,
sight, spectacle; apparition, vision
denounce ( s.o.) III to engage or hire (
ihd pl. -t written certification s.o.) on a monthly basis, rent ( s.th.) by
istihd citation. quotation; the month IV to make known, proclaim,
death of a martyr; death of a hero, heroic announce, spread, divulge ( s.th.); to
death; martyrdom unsheathe, draw ( a weapon); to sell at
auction, also ( mazda)
hid pl. uhd, uhhad ( mazda baii .) to auction
present; -- (pl. uhd, ahd) s.th. off, put s.th. up at auction VIII to be
witness ( for); notary public; -- pl. or become well-known, famed, famous,
awhid2) (piece of) evidence ( renowned, notorious ( by or for s.th.
for); attestation; quotation serving as respectively, by or under a name); to be
textual evidence; testimony; an oblong, known ( of s.o., a trait, and the like); to
upright tombstone . al-itbt be widespread, common
witness for the prosecution; .
as-sam earwitness; s. al-ain, ahr pl. ahur, uhr new
. iyn, ( iyn) eyewitness; moon; month . al-asal
. an-nafy witness for the honeymoon
defense; in public, for ahr monthly, mensal;
everyone to see ahryan monthly, per month, by the
hida pl. awhid2 an month monthly
oblong, upright tombstone; index finger; subscription; monthly fee or contribution;
true copy, copy of a letter, duplicate; nifu ahryin fortnightly,
the Earth semimonthly, appearing biweekly

mahd taking place in the ahrya monthly salary

presence of spectators or witnesses;
happening before a large audience, well-
attended; memorable (day, event)
( jurm) in the act, red-handed,
flagrante delicto ( yaum) the
Day of Resurrection; red-letter day,
festive public holiday 489
muhid pl. -n spectator,
onlooker, observer
muhad visible, perceptible; pl.
things seen, sights; visible things
uhra repute, reputation, renown,
fame, famousness, celebrity; notoriety;
surname (Syr., Leb.)
(lamya) world-wide renown, worldwide
fame
ahr widely known, well-known,
famous, renowned, celebrated ( by a
name); notorious, ill-reputed
ahar2 better known, more widely
known
muhara pl. -t monthly salary;
pl. monthly payments, monthly
 allowances; muharatan monthly, per
month, by the month
ihr announcement,
proclamation, declaration; public sales,
auction; publicity, advertising
i. al-ifls notice of bankruptcy,
declaration of insolvency
itihr repute, reputation,
renown, fame, famousness, celebrity;
notoriety
mahr pl. mahr2 well- covetous, fill with desire, allure, entice (
known, widely known, renowned, famous,
celebrated; notorious, ill-reputed; wide-
spread, common; a famous, celebrated
personality, a celebrity; accepted,
established, canonical (textual variant,
version of the Koran)
according to the general belief, as it is
(was) generally understood
muahhar well-known, widely
known, renowned, famous, celebrated;
notorious, ill-reputed
ahaqa a i ( ahq) to bray (donkey);
-- ahaqa a i and ahiqa a ( ahq,
uhq, tahq) to inhale; to sigh
deeply; to sob, gulp; to moan, groan IV
( bi-l-buk) to burst into tears,
break out into loud weeping
ahqa moan(ing), groan(ing);
gulping 490
ahq braying, brays (of a
donkey); sobbing, sobs; sighing, sighs;
inhalation, breathing in
hiq pl. awhiq2 high, desirable; appetizing, inviting, tasty
lofty, towering (building, mountain)
( ulw) tremendous height
awhiq2 heights
II to accelerate, speed up, expedite (
s.th.); to remove quickly, hurry off ( s.o.)
ahil nimble, swift, quick
uhla bluish-black color of the
eyes
ahal, f. ahl2 having
bluish-black eyes
ahm, pl. ihm perspicacious,
sagacious, astute, clever, bold, audacious;
energetic; noble, gallant, decent;
gentleman
ahma perspicacity, sagacity,
astuteness, cleverness; audacity, boldness,
gallantry, noble-mindedness; energy,
vigor, verve; decency, respectability
pl. look up alphabetically
)and )ah u and ahiya a (
ahwa) to desire, wish, covet, crave (
s.th.), long ( for s.th.) II to make
s.o.); to arouse greed, desire, appetite ( in
s.o., for s.th.); to whet the appetite, be
appetizing (food) V and VIII to be
covetous, greedy, to long ( for s.th.),
crave, desire, wish ( s.th.), ffeel appetite
( for s.th.) ( yutah) an
undesirable thing
ahwa pl. ahawt greed, craving,
desire, ardent wish, longing, yearning,
eagerness, passion, carnal appetite, lust;
appetite
ahw sensual, sensuous, lustful,
instinctual, uninhibited
ahwn, f. ahw, pl.
ahw covetous, greedy; lewd,
lecherous, lascivious, libidinous,
dissolute, debauched
ahwn covetous, greedy; lewd,
lecherous, lascivious, libidinous,
dissolute, debauched; sensual, sensuous,
lustful, instinctual, uninhibited
ahy pleasant, agreeable,
ahya appetite or
( yaftau) stimulating the
appetite, appetizing; qillat
a-. li--am want of appetite
taahhin greed, avidity, cupidity,
craving, desire
itih greed, craving, desire, dent
wish, longing, yearning. eagerness,
passion, carnal appetite, lust; appetite
muahhin stimulating the appetite,
appetizing; appetizers, relishes,
hors doeuvres
mutahin covetous, greedy, avid,
craving, desirous, lustful
 mutahan desirable; desired, s.th.); to state, indicate ( s.th.)
welcome, agreeable, pleasant; (pl. ( yuru, bann) that which is
mutahayt) that which is coveted, object pointed at with the finger tips, i.e., s.th.
of desire very remarkable, s.th. outstanding;
( bi-arfin) he did not bat an eye VI
(coll.; n. un. h) pl. iwh,
to take counsel, deliberate, consult (
iyh sheep; ewe
with s.o. about) X to ask for advice (
uwl, iwl pl. -t (large) sack s.o.), take counsel ( with s.o.), consult (
1
) )ba u (aub, iyb) to mix, s.o.)
blend ( s.th. with); to adulterate, ra pl. -t sign, token,
vitiate, contaminate, spoil, corrupt, distinguishing mark, badge; guile,
pollute, tarnish, sully, stain, spot ( s.th.); outward appearance sign of
to mix, blend, intermix ( with) the cross
blameless, flawless, unblemished,
r consultation, deliberation,
immaculate
taking counsel; counsel; advice
aub mixture; tarnishing, sullying, majlis -r and
roiling, rendering turbid; impairment, m. . d-daula state council
blemish, flaw; hot wind 491
r consultative, advisory
iba pl. awib dirt,
miwr pl. mawr2
stains, spot, flaw, blemish, defect, fault;
suspicion, reason for suspicion, suspicious errand; O stroke, (of an internal-
fact combustion engine; techn.)
muarrik tun l-m. two-cycle
mab mixed; adulterated, engine; ( rub l-m.)
vitiated troubled with four-cycle engine
worries
mawara, mara pl. -t
2
look up alphabetically consultation, deliberation, conference;
aubaq pl. awbiq2 rolling pin counsel, advice, suggestion

aubak: pl. awbik2 rolling pin muwara pl. -t consultation,

1
deliberation, conference
II (eg.) to grill, broil, roast ( s.th.)
2
ira pl. -t sign, motion, nod,
(coll.; n. un. )fir, sapin wink, wave; gesture; signal; indication;
3
a kite (zool.) allusion, hint, intimation; symbolic
4
expression; (silent) reminder; advice,
see counsel, suggestion; instruction, order,
II to make a sign, beckon, signal, wink, command ( barqya) telegram,
blink ( to s.o.); to point out ( s.th.), wire, dispatch, cable(gram);
point ( at) III to ask s.o.s ( )advice, telegram, wire; i. al-kaar air-
seek s.o.s ( )advice, consult ( s.o.); to raid warning, alert; sign of the
consult, take counsel ( with s.o.), cross (Chr.); i. abt al-
waqt (radio) time signal; ( l-
( nafsah) to take counsel with
silkya) radio message;
o.s., reflect, bethink o.s. IV to make a
maaat al-i. signal post; ism
sign, beckon, signal, wink, blink ( or
al-i. demonstrative pronoun;
to s.o.), motion ( or s.o., to do
wadat al-i. signal corps units (mil.);
s.th.); to ask, invite, urge ( s.o.); to
( rahna) at s.o.s beck and call, at
point, allude ( to), hint ( at), indicate,
s.o.s disposal
point out ( or s.th.), call s.o.s ()
attention to ( ;)to advice ( s.o. of ir (mil.) signalman, member of
s.th., s.o. to do s.th.), suggest ( the signal corps (Eg. 1939)
to s.o. s.th., to s.o. to do s.th.),
command, order or s.o. to do
 iarg (mil.) signalman, member aw confusion, muddle, (state
of the signal corps (Eg.) of) disorder, disturbance, derangement
(e.g., of the mind)
tawur joint consultation,
deliberation ( with) aw pl. awya a
maker of iyas (see above)
istira pl. -t a seeking of
advice, consultation; guidance, advice taw confusion, confounding,
(one receives) 492 muddling; disturbance, derangement;
istir consultative, advisory ailment
muawwa muddled, jumbled,
muwar adviser, counselor,
consultant befuddled, confused; disturbed, deranged
(e.g., of a sensorial function); ailing, ill
mur indicative ( of); adviser, m. al-fikr bewildered, confused,
counselor, consultant; field marshal (Eg.; baffled
1933); Fleet Admiral (Eg. 1939) 2
pl. look up alphabetically
al-mur ilaihi the 3
aforementioned, the aforesaid, the said look up alphabetically
ubarak (eg.) small pastry stuffed
mustar adviser, counselor,
consultant, councilor; chancellor; approx.: with meat and served with milk rice
justice (title; Eg.) au pl. aw to a goal; state, phase;
counselor of embassy; m. round, game, half, course (in sports and
al-mufawwaya counselor of legation games); goal, aim )(
dr al-mustarya office ( ) )taqaddum, ruqiy) and
of the chancellor, chancellery ( maidn r-ruqy) to make
good progress or headway, advance in
1
aurab flycatcher (zool.) great strides, do.;
2
rba (eg.), raba (syr.) and soup ( yafquh) he surpasses him by far

( Engl.) ort short, short feature (motion uw flame; fire, fervor, ardor, passion
pictures) 2
II to polish ( s.th.); to adorn, deck out (
a woman) V to look out expectantly,
longingly ( for), look forward ( to),
awas2, f. aus2, pl. s, expect, anticipate ( s.th.)
awis2 proud; bold, audacious,
daring, venturesome . al- auf harrow
arb war heroes a-f name of an administrative
1
II to muddle, confuse, confound, jumble district of Lebanon
( s.th.), disturb ( or s.th.), aufa (colloq.) sight, spectacle,
complicate ( s.th.) V to be confused, view
confounded, muddled, jumbled, deranged,
fn oats
disturbed; to feel indisposed, be ill
) )qa u (auq) to please
muslin; white cloth
delight ( s.o.), give joy ( to s.o.); to fill (
a white cloth; a-a s.o.) with longing, craving, desire, 493
and ( bai) (motion picture) arouse longing, craving, desire ( in s.o.) II
screen to fill ( s.o.) with longing, craving, desire,
iya, ya pl. aw a arouse longing, craving, desire ( in s.o.)
kind of headgear, cap, skullcap V and VIII to long, yearn ( or for),
crave, covet, desire ardently ( or s.th.)
Maria Theresa dollar (Nejd)
auq pl. awq longing,
a tuft of hair, lock; crest (of yearning, craving, desire, wish
birds)
 ayyiq longing, yearning, craving,
desirous, covetous; brilliant, gorgeous,
splendid
tawq arousing of desire, of aukarn poison hemlock (Conium
longing; fascination, thrilling, awakening
of excitement, of eagerness
taawwuq longing, yearning,
desire, inclination, craving, eagerness
itiyq longing, yearning, desire,
inclination, craving, eagerness
iq arousing longing, stimulating
desire; brilliant, gorgeous, splendid,
beautiful
muawwiq arousing desire or
longing; thrilling, exciting, fascinating,
absorbing, stimulating, stirring, attractive,
interesting; -- muawwaq filled with
longing ( for), desirous, covetous (
of)
mutq longing, yearning,
craving, desirous, covetous
( ) )auk) to sting, prick, hurt, injure,
pierce ( s.o. with a thorn, a needle, and
the like) II to be thorny; to stud (. s.th.)
with thorns or spikes; to sting, prick, hurt,
injure, pierce ( s.o. with a thorn, with a
needle) IV to sting, prick, hurt, injure
auk (coll.; n. un. )pl. pl.
awk thorns, spikes, pricks, prickles,
spines; fishbone; forks on
tenterhooks, on pins and needles
auka (n. un.) thorn, spike, prick,
prickle, spine, sting, point; tine, prong;
spur (of a rooster); fork; fishbone; furor of
fighting, bravura, bravery, valor, verve,
dash, lan; might, power
auk thorny, spiky, prickly,
spiny; spinal ( n) fruit of malformed II to disfigure, deform, deface,
the Indian fig (Opuntia ficus-indica Haw.;
bot.); ( abl) spinal cord; the face); to revile, slander, defame (
( umm, mukkya) s.o.); to jam ( a broadcast)
cerebrospinal meningitis (med.);
( amd) vertebral column,
backbone; spine; ( nuk) I
spinal cord
awik thorny, spiky, prickly, spiny
ik thorny, spiky, prickly, spiny;
delicate, ticklish, critical, difficult
( silk) pl. barbed wire
maculatum; bot.)
1
) )la u (aul) to rise, be raised,
elevated; to raise, lift ( or s.th.); to
carry ( or s.th.)
(namatuh) he went away, departed; he
died, be is dead II to become sparse,
scarce, short in supply III to attack, assail
( s.o.) IV to raise, lift ( s.th.); to carry (
s.th.)
awil nimble, adroit, swift, quick,
expeditious (at work)
awwl pl. -t awwl2,
Shawwal, name of the tenth month
of the Muslim year
mal carrying, carriage,
conveyance, transportation (of loads);
porterage, carrying charges
2
pl. look up alphabetically
3
look up alphabetically
aulaq person with a sweet tooth
aulam darnel (Lolium temulentum; bot.);
a variety of vetch 494
1
see
2
uma stick, cudgel
II to garnmer, store ( s.th., esp. grain)
na pl. -t, uwan (eg.)
storehouse, granary, shed, barn
awandar white beet, chard
1
awiha a (awah) and ha u (
auh) to be or become ugly, misshapen,
deformed, defaced, disfigured, distorted,
distort, mar, mutilate ( s.o., s.th., esp.
( wajah l-) to distort the truth;
to disgrace ones profession V =
awh ugliness, misshapenness,
malformation, deformity, disfigurement,
distortion, perversion
 awah2, f. auh2, pl. h ai pl. ay2 thing;
misshapen, malformed, ugly, disfigured, something; (with neg.) nothing
deformed, disfeatured, defaced; distorted, ... some
perverted a little, a certain (amount of), a
tawh deformation, considerable ...; ( na) some
disfigurement, defacement, mutilation; activity; ( qalaq) some
defamation; crippledness uneasiness, some anxiety;
(jahd) without any effort at all;
taawwuh ugliness,
( kar) this and that are two
misshapenness, malformation, deformity,
entirely different things (or matters);
disfigurement, distortion, perversion
there is s.th. wrong, there is a fly
ih misshapen, malformed, ugly, in the ointment; ba . to a
disfigured, deformed, disfeatured, certain extent, a little, somewhat; ,
defaced; distorted, perverted in negative sentences: not in any way;
muawwah disfigured, defaced, in no 495 way, by no means, not at all, not
deformed; mutilated, maimed; misshapen, in the least; very,
malformed, ugly; distorted, perverted extremely, e.g.,
m. al-arb disabled (inactive (basa) very simple; the most;
service); disabled veteran ( abahu aiin) very much
2
like ...; or ( fa-aian)
look up alphabetically bit by bit, one after the other, by and by,
3
( n. un.) see gradually; a nothing, nil, nonentity;
nothing (in sport scoring); the
pl. of see nothing; nothing (as object); ...
aw i ( ayy) to broil, grill, rout ( ( gair -ai l-yasr) only
meat) very little; it is nothing, it is of no
consequence; this has
iw broiled, or grilled, meat, and
absolutely nothing to do with that
the like . sujuq grilled
sausage ai objective, factual
awy broiled, grilled, rosted l-aiya nonexistence,
nothingness, nihility, nullity
awh pl. awan scalp
uyyai a little thing, trifle
awya gridiron, grill
uwayya (colloq.) a little, a bit,
miwh pl. mawin gridiron,
somewhat
grill
1 maa volition, will; wish, desire
see
God willing
2
see 2
) )ba i (aib, aiba,
) )a a ( maa) to want; to wish ( mab) to become white-haired, gray-
s.th., that) ( in) God haired; to turn white or gray (hair); to
willing; it is to be hoped; I (we) hope so; grow old, to age; to make white-haired; to
whatever (howsoever, how long bleach ( s.th.) II to make ( s.o.) white-
soever) God intend (used to express an haired, cause s.o.s ( )hair to turn white
indefinite quantity, amount, number, or (grief) IV = II
period of time); various, sundry, all kinds
aib grayness of the hair, gray or
of, God knows what; also, exclamation of
white hair; old age
surprise: amazing! thats right! good!
bravo! forever and ever, for all aiba a variety of Artemisia
time and time to come; (Artemisia arborescens L.; bot.)
(laffaqa, talfqu) to fabricate the moot
outrageous lies
 ayab2, f. aib2, pl. b ( pl. of majesty) title of a ruler 496
white, gray (hair); white-haired, gray- among the inhabitants of Nejd;
haired (person); old, aged; old man majlis a-. senate
mab grayness of the hair, gray aika pl. -t an old, or elderly,
or white hair; old age woman, a matron
ib white, gray (hair); white- iyka position, or dignity, of a
haired, gray-haired (person); old, aged; sheik
old man aikka old age, senility
2
look up alphabetically aikk senile, characteristic of
t pl. uytt chintz. Printed calico old age
(eg.) mayaka pl. -t, mayik2
1
II (tun.) to dry, blot ( s.th.) IV to turn office, or dignity, of a sheik; sheikdom (in
away, avert ( the eyes, ones face, general, specif., anyone of the semi-
from) independent territories on the Persian
Gulf); an administrative subdivision
ayy blotting paper
(Tun.); professoriate (e.g., of Al Azhar)
2
an oriental variety of wormwood
) )da i ( aid) to erect, set up,
(bot.)
construct, build ( an edifice, and the like)
) )ka i ( ayak, uyka, II = I; IV = I; or ( bi-dikrih) to
aikka) to age, grow old; to attain celebrate, praise, commend s.o. or s.th.,
a venerable age speak in glowing terms of s.o. or s.th.
aik, pl. uyk, ayk, d plaster (of a wall); plaster of
mayaka, mayik2, Paris; mortar
maik2 an elderly, venerable gentleman;
tayd erection, setting up,
old man; elder; chief, chieftain, sheik,
construction, building (of an edifice)
patriarch, head (of a tribe); title of the
ruler of anyone of the sheikdoms along ida praise, commendation,
the Persian Gulf; title of native scholars extolment ( of)
trained in the traditional sciences such as muayyad high, lofty, imposing (of
clerical dignitaries, members of a religious a structure)
order, profesors of spiritual institutions of
higher learning, etc.; master; master of an rz2 Shiraz (city in SW Iran)
order (Sufism); senator (parl.) raj sesame oil
( aruzz asmar), ( abya)
(eg.) popular names for certain rice ra a refreshment (made of fruit juice)
dishes; . al-bar sea calf (zool.); zofrniy schizophrenia
. al-balad chief of a village, 1
village mayor; . as-sajjda title foil, rapier; jalousie, Venetian blind
of the leaders of certain dervish orders in muallim a-. fencing
their capacity of inheritors of the instructor; labat a-. fencing,
founders prayer rug; . al-islm swordplay
sheikh ul-Islam, formerly, esp. in 2
a bottle of the narghile; narghile,
medieval Egypt, title of the Grand Mufti, hookah
the spiritual head of Islam, later being
) )a i ( ai) to burn (esp. food) II
bestowed more and more exclusively
to burn slightly, singe, scorch, sear (
upon the Mufti of Constantinople in the
s.th.) IV = II; V = I; X
Ottoman Empire; title of the chief mufti in
(gaaban) to be or become fuming with
Tunisia; inspector of police
rage, flare up, fly off the handle
(Magr.); professoriate,
or faculty, of the Great Mosque in Tunis; II taaiana to behave like a devil
 ain pl. ayn2 Shaitan,
Satan, devil, fiend
ain satanic, devilish,
fiendish; demonic, demoniac, hellish,
infernal
aiana devilry, villainy, dirty
trick
) )a i ( ai, uy) to spread, O iya collectivism (pol.)
be divulged, become known, become
public (news); to spread (out), diffuse (
over); to fill, pervade, dominate ( s.o.,
s.th.; of a feeling); to be generally
attributable, be generally applicable to
s.th.; to spread, divulge, publicize,
circulate s.th.; make s.th. known, bring
s.th. to public notice II to see ( s.o.) off,
escort, accompany ( s.o.); to bid farewell
( to s.o.); to pay ( the deceased) the last
honors; to send ( , s.o., s.th.); to adhere (
to a faction) uyyiat il-
janzatu the deceased was escorted to his
final resting place, the funeral took place
III to follow ( s.o. in), adapt o.s. (
to s.o. in); to conform, fall in ( with
s.o. in); to side ( , with s.o., with
s.th. in), take sides ( , for s.o., for
s.th. in) IV to spread, divulge, publish,
publicize, make known, bring to public
notice, circulate ( or s.th.) V to side (
with s.o., with s.th. in), take sides (
for s.o., for s.th. in), join ( s.o., s.th., a
faction), make common cause, hold (
with s.o.); to become a Shiite; to pretend
to be a Shiite VI to come to an agreement
( in, about) 497
a pl. iya followers, see
adherents, disciples, faction, party, sect;
the faction of Ali, the Shiah, the
Shiites (that branch of the Muslims who
recognize Ali, the Prophets son-in-law, as
his rightful successor), pl. ay
adherents, followers, partisans
Shiitic, (pl. -n) Shiite
iy community (of property)
(jur.)
uy publicity, spread, circulation
(of news) in common, jointly,
in joint possession
uy communistic, communist;
(pl. -n) a communist
uyya communism
tay: al-janza
funeral, burial
muyaa partisanship, partiality
ia spreading, publication,
circulation (of news); rumor; news,
information
taayyu partisanship, partiality,
bias ( for)
i widespread, (well-)known,
public; general, universal; common, joint
it is rumored that ...;
widely known, widespread, common;
in general use, commonly used,
generally accepted; ( milk) joint
property
ia pl. -t, awi rumor
muyi partial, adherent, partisan
mu widespread; (well-)known,
public; general, universal; common, joint;
joint (or collective) ownership, joint
tenancy (Isl. Law); public property, public
domain
mutaayyi partial; partisan
mut partner, co-partner, co-
owner
II to cut up, chop or slice ( fruit)
ayf (pl.) cuts, slices
fn chiffon (fabric)
1
( Fr.) k chic
ayak2 very chic
2
( Fr. cheque) k, k pl. -t check
traveler's check
( It. cicoria) kriy chicory
klta (syr.) chocolate
1
) )la , to carry, convey,
transport ( s.th.); to raise, elevate, lift (
s.th.)
aila pl. -t load, burden
 iyla carrying, carriage, abbreviation of afa page (of a
conveyance, transportation (of loads); book)
porterage, carrying charges abbreviation of undq al-
ayyl pl. -n, ayyla porter, bard post-office box, p. o. b.
carrier ub (coll.; n. un. )pl. ibn,
ayyla suspender bn nit
mal carrying, carriage, see 2
conveyance, transportation (of loads); see
porterage, carrying charges
2 j thin sheet iron; bread tin, baking tin
pl. look up alphabetically ( mualla) corrugated iron
ailm darnel (Lalium temulentum; bot.); y i = y ib
a variety of vetch
name of the letter
lmn (coll.; n. un. )steel
girders (ir.) in order, right, proper, sound, regular,
standard; a rank in army and police
l Chile (intermediate between captain and major);
) )ma i to look out ( for), be a naval rank intermediate between
on the lookout, watch; to expect ( s.th.), lieutenant and lieutenant commander (Eg.)
hope ( for) ( umla) standard currency;
( gir) standard piaster
ma pl. iyam nature, temper,
disposition, character; habit, custom, ( Turk. sakol aas) military
practice 498 rank intermediate between captain and
major (Eg.)
ma pl. -t, m mole, nevus,
birthmark ( It. sala) la pl. -t hall, large room
mya pl. aym (eg.) ln salon, parlor, reception room
vortex, whirlpool, eddy arabat . parlor car, club car
mama pl. mam, see amla
mayim2 placenta a a i ( ay) to twitter, chirp (of a
1
) )na i ( ain) to disfigure, bird)
disfeature, mar, .dishonor, disgrace ( abba u (abb) to pour, pour forth, cast,
s.o., s.th.) ( sumatah) to empty, fill ( s.th. into); to impose,
detract from s.o.s good reputation II = I ( balan) a trial upon s.o.
ain disfigurement, marring, to commit an assault; -- i (abb) to be
dishonoring, disgracing; disgrace, shame poured out, pour forth, shed, flow (
into); to befall ( s.o.), come upon s.o. (
in dishonorable, scandalous,
) -- (st pers. perf. abibtu) a (
disgraceful
abba) to love ardently ( s.o.) V to
muayyin dishonorable, pour forth, shed, flow; to drip, outflow (
scandalous, disgraceful with), be bathed ( in); to dissolve, melt,
1
n name of the letter deliquesce ( araqan) to be
wet with perspiration, break into a sweat
look up alphabetically VII to be poured out, pour forth, flow,
pl. of , see shed, effuse, gush out; to be intent, be
bent ( or on), be out for ( or ;)
to apply o.s. ( or to s.th.), study,
endeavor ( or to be or do s.th.); to
be aimed, directed, oriented ( at), bear
upon ( (
 abb pouring; casting, founding
(of metal); cut; flow gush; outpour,
effusion; ardently in love, enamored
abb pl. abb declivity;
slope, incline, hillside
abb poured out, shed, spilled;
blood; sweat, perspiration
abba ardent love, fervent
longing
ubba rest, remainder, remnant
he does it mornings and evenings, he does
it all the time, incessantly;
(aqqu) truth has come to light;
he no longer did (so); it
no longer existed VIII to have a morning
draught; to light ( s.th., e.g., a lamp); to
use for lighting ( s.th.) X to begin the
day
ub pl. ab dawn;
daybreak; morning; (ellipt. for
alt a-.) morning prayer (at dawn)

maabb pl. -t, mabb2 uba early morning; breakfast,

outlet, escape, drain; mouth (of a river, morning meal
and the like); drainpipe; funnel ab morning; aban in
mabb lead (metal); pl. the morning aba masa
cast-metal goods, foundry in the morning and in the evening,
products mornings and evenings; ab
1
al-yaum this morning; ,
abaa a ( ub) to grow (tooth, ( bi-l-kair) good morning!
nail), sprout (plant); -- abaa a to turn ( (im) do.
to, toward)
2
ab morning (adj.)
bi Sabian; Mandaean, see the
following ub and abn2, f.
ab pretty, comely, handsome,
a-bia the Sabians, beautiful, graceful
designation of two different sects, 1) the
Mandaeans, a Judeo-Christian Gnostic, ab pl. ib pretty,
baptist sect in Mesopotomia (Christians of comely, handsome, beautiful, graceful
St. John), used in this sense in the Koran. uba beauty, gracefulness,
2) The Sabians of Harran, a pagan sect grace
extant as late as the 11th century A. D.
aba morning
abaa a (ab) to offer a morning
ab morning draught; beautiful
draught ( to s.o.); -- abua u (
as the early day, radiant, bright
aba) to be beautiful, graceful,
handsome, comely, pretty; to beam, be mib pl. mab2 lamp;
radiant (face) II to offer a morning light, luminary (also fig.); head-light (of
draught ( to s.o.); to come in the morning an automobile)
( to s.o.); to which a good morning ( incandescent light, light bulb;
or to s.o.) III he attends to (kaf) searchlight;
it mornings and evenings, he is constantly, (kahrab) electric light, light bulb;
incessantly occupied with it IV to enter ( yadaw) electric flashlight
upon morning; to wake up, be awake, be ib morning
in ones senses; to be or become clear; to
become, be, or happen in the morning; to istib illumination, lighting
get ( into a situation), reach a state, illuminating gas
come to a point where ...; to become, muba morning
grow, turn; to be ( abu) it
became morning; to have a abara i (abr) to bind, tie, fetter, shackle
good morning, begin the day happily; ( s.o.); to be patient, be forbearing, have
( tubi) porting word at patience, take patience, persevere; to bear
night: may you he well tomorrow calmly, patiently, stoutly, endure (
morning! ( ams) s.th.); to refrain, abstain, desist ( from),
renounce ( s.th.); to hold ones own (
against s.o.), withstand ( s.o.) II to ask (
s.o.) to be patient; to admonish ( s.o.) to
be patient; to console, comfort, solace (
the heart); to make ( s.th.) durable; to
conserve ( s.th.); to preserve, can (
s.th.) ( banah; eg.) to have a or at); to insert ones finger ( into
snack III to vie in patience ( with s.o.); to
bear stoutly V to be patient, be for-
bearing, have or take patience, persevere
VIII = V
abr fettering, shackling; patience,
forbearance; composure, equanimity,
steadfastness, firmness; self-control, self-
command, self-possession; perseverance,
endurance, hardiness qatalah
abran to kill s.o. in captivity;
(abra) I cannot bear it! this is
unbearable! qillat a-.
impatience; impatient; . al-qadam)
qalla abruh to be impatient; to lose
patience; lam
yabqa f qausi abr minza (there is no
arrow left for the bow of my patience, i.e.)
my patience is at an end
abir, abr aloe (bot.)
abra severe cold
abra heap, pile; ubratan
summarily, on the whole, in the lump
abbr (very) patient, enduring,
perseverant, steadfast
ubr Indian fig (Opuntia ficus-
indica; bot.)
ubbair Indian fig (Opuntia ficus-
indica; bot.)
abr pl. ubur (very)
patient, enduring, perseverant, steadfast
abra and abrra severe cold
tabira (eg.) light meal in the
forenoon, a snack
mubara long-suffering,
longanimity, endurance, perseverance,
patience, forbearance
itibr patience, forbearance,
endurance, perseverance
bir patient, long-suffering,
enduring, perseverant, steadfast
muabbart conserves, canned
goods
2
abbara to ballast ( a ship)
bra ballast of a ship
abaa a (ab) to point with the finger (
the hen, so as to ascertain whether she is
going to lay an egg)
iba pl. abi2 finger; toe
(also i. al.qadam); a linear
measure (Eg.; = 3.125 cm)
French fried potatoes;
lipstick; s. as-sujuq
frankfurters; bamat al-a.
fingerprint; do.;
he has a hand in this matter
ub (eg.) finger; toe (also
ub pl. ab finger; toe
muabba gridiron, grill 501
abaga u i a (abg, ibag) to dye,
stain ( s.th., e.g., a fabric), color, tint,
tinge, paint, daub ( s.th.); to give s.th. (
)the air, touch, or appearance ( of
s.th.); to dip, immerse ( s.th., in
water); to baptize ( s.o.)
(ibgatan ukr) to transform, change s.o.
VIII to be dyed, be or become colored or
tinted; to be baptized, receive baptism
ibg pl. abg color, dye,
dyestuff; pigment; (coat of) paint, varnish;
make-up, grease paint, face paint
ibga color, dye, dyestuff;
pigment; tincture (med.); coloring, tinge,
tint, shade, hue, nuance, touch, air; nature,
character; (coat of) paint, varnish;
baptism; religion . al-afyn
tincture of opium, laudanum; .
al-yd tincture of iodine;
(maallya) local touch, local color;
( akrajah) to change, disfigure
s.o. or s.th.
O ibgyt chromosomes
ibg pl. abiga color, dye,
dyestuff; spice, condiment, seasoning,
sauce
abbg dyer
 ibga dyers trade, art of dyeing
or staining
mabaga dyehouse, dye works
big dyer; baptist abya pl. aby girl; young
(yann) John the Baptist
mabg dyed, stained, colored,
tinted; having a touch or air ( of);
influenced ( by); imbued ( with)
II to soap, rub with soap ( s.th.)
abn soap ajar
a-. soapstone, steatite
bna (n. un.) a cake of soap
bn soapy, soap-like,
saponaceous, made of soap
abbn soap boiler
mabana soap works
) )ab u (abw, ubw, prove true, turn out to be true; to hold
iban, ab) to be a child, be
childish; -- (ubw, abwa) to bend,
incline ( to), feel sensual desire ( for);
to strive ( for), aspire ( to); -- abiya
a ( ab, iban) to behave like a
child, act in a childish manner II to
rejuvenate, render youthful again V to
behave like a child, act in a childish
manner; to incline to youthful pleasures;
to rejuvenesce, undergo rejuvenation,
regain youth, become young again; to
woo, court ( a woman); to tempt, entice,
captivate, charm ( s.o., the heart) VI to
behave like a child X = VI
aban pl. abawt, certify, confirm, attest ( the authenticity
ab east wind
iban childhood, boyhood,
youth; youthfulness; inclination,
propensity, bent, longing, desire
ab childhood, boyhood, youth;
youthfulness
abwa youthful passion; amorous
disposition; sensual desire; childish
manners
ubw youthful passion; amorous
disposition; sensual desire; childish
manners
ubwa childhood, boyhood,
youth; youthfulness
aby pl. ibya, abya,
ibyn, ubyn, abiya boy, youth,
lad
girl 502
ibyn boyish, childlike;
childish, puerile; childrens
bin youthful, juvenile
thoughtless, rash
see
aa i ( ia, a) to be
healthy; to be all right, be in order; to
recover, recuperate ( from); to heal (of
a wound); to be sound, strong, vigorous,
firm, right, correct, faultless, unimpaired,
unblemished; to be firm, unshakable
(resolution); to be admissible, permissible;
to be true, authentic, certain, sure; to
good. go ( for), apply ( to), b. true (
of); to result or follow definitely (
from); to be a fact, turn out ( for); to
become a fact; to be successful, work out
well ( for s.o.); to fall to s.o. or to s.o.s
share ( ( or
(azmuh) he was firmly resolved to ...,
his mind was made up to ...;
it may serve as a basis; it
is rightly said of him ...; to
appear right, adequate, reasonable II to
restore, to health, cure, heal ( s.o.); to
correct, emend, rectify ( s.th.); to
prepare, a critical edition ( of a text); to
legalize, authenticate ( a document),
of a document), sign ( a document); to
impose ones signature, undersign (magr.)
V to undergo correction, emendation,
rectification, be corrected, emended,
rectified X to regain health; to recover,
recuperate ( from)
ia health; hygiene;
faultlessness, rightness, soundness,
correctness; truth, genuineness, verity,
veracity, credibility, authenticity; validity;
legal validity, legality
( ummya) Ministry of Public
Health (Eg.)
wholesome, salubrious, healthy,
healthful (diet, and the like); sanitary;
hygienic ( majar) escort; association, intercourse; friends,
quarantine companions, associates, comrades; (eg.)
nosegay, bunch of flowers: ubata
pl. i, i,
accompanied by; with
ai2 healthy, well, sound, healthful;
(ubata) herein enclosed
complete, integral, perfect; whole, entire,
undivided; right, correct, proper; true, a-aba the Companions of
veritable, actual, real; authentic, genuine, the Prophet Mohammed
truthful, reliable, credible, believable; ab a Companion of the
valid, legally valid, legal, lawful, rightful; Prophet Mohammed
strong (gram.; of a consonant, a verb)
( jam) sound plural (ending in muaba accompanying,
-n or -t; gram); ( adad) company, escort
whole number, integer (math.); ... iib accompanying,
(annah) he was (he is) , he was (he is), company, escort; association
it is true,
ib pl. ab,
aa2 sounder, healthier; more uub, aba, ubn,
correct, more proper or associate, companion, comrade, friend;
more properly speaking adherent, follower; the other (of two);
a, i chapter of the Holy (with foll. genit.) man, owner, possessor,
Scriptures (Chr.) holder, master, lord, commander,
representative, author or originator of ;
maa pl. -t sanatorium; health
entrusted with; addicted or given to;
retreat, sanitarium
y i = y ib .
maaa that which promotes or al-amr ruler, master, overlord, sovereign;
is conducive to health; sanatorium shipowner; . al-
jalla His Majesty; the noun to
ta correction, rectification;
emendation, critical revision which a circumstantial phrase (l) refers;
. ad-daula (formerly) title of
muai O vernier (of a range the Prime Minister (Eg.); .
finder) ( asfalah) the as-sajjda title of the leaders of certain
undersigned dervish orders in their capacity of owners
aiba a ( uba, of the founders prayer rug; .
aba, iba) to be or become a as-sada title of a pasha; .
companion, an associate, a comrade, a as-sama title of a mufti, approx. His
friend ( of s.o.), make or become friends, Eminence; . as-sumw
be friends ( with s.o.); to associate, have al-malak His Royal Highness;
social intercourse ( with s.o.); to a. a-an those concerned; the important,
accompany, escort ( s.o.); to be closely influential people; a. a-
associated ( with s.o.) III = I; to keep ( ubuht dubious persons, people of ill
s.o.) company IV to send along, delegate repute; ( formerly) Keeper of
as companion or escort ( or for s.o. the Seal (of the Bey of Tunisia);
s.o. else or s.th.) VI to 503 have social . al-izza title of a bey;
intercourse, associate ( with); to become . al-aama His Majesty; .
friends, be friends ( with) VIII to al-mal title of a cabinet minister;
accompany, escort ( s.o.); to take ( s.o.) . al-amal employer; .
as companion or escort, have o.s. escorted al-giba title of the Coptic Patriarch;
or accompanied ( by s.o.): to take along ( title of Islamic theologians
s.th., a companion) X to take a and sheiks, such as Rector and Professors
companion or escort, take along of Al Azhar University; . al-fikra
father to the thought, the originator of an
uba friendship, companionship, idea; ( . al-maqam)
comradeship; accompanying, company,
 formerly, title bestowed on bearers of the ifya woman journalist
order established by Fuad I in 1936
maaf, muaf pl.
2
iba pl. -t, awib , maif2 volume; book; copy of the Koran
awibt fem. of woman ()
companion. etc. . al-jalla tahf misplacement of the
Her Majesty; . as- diacritical marks; misspelling, slip of the
sumw al-malak Her Royal Highness; pen; (grammatical) mistake;
. al-ima title of a lady of misrepresentation, distortion
high social standing
aal raucous voice
uwaiib friend (diminutive of
1
) an pl. un bowl, dish; plate;
dish, meal, food; yard, courtyard; surface,
uwaiiba pl. -t girl friend plane; disk; (pl. aina) phonograph
(diminutive of ) record, disc (tun.) courtyard,
mab accompanied ( by); patio; ashtray; ( .
attended ( with); associated ( with); il-kadd) on the (surface of the) cheek
provided ( with) man ground, brayed,
aar2 f. ar2 desertlike; of the pounded, crushed, grated
color of desert sand; desolate, bleak 2
anh sardine
2
ar pl. arin,
( and ( a u (aw) and
ar, arawt desert, steppe
aiya a ( aan) to be or become
504 clear, bright, cloudless, serene (day, sky);
arw desert, desolate, waste -- ( aw, uuw) to regain
( arin) desert areas consciousness, come to; to recover (
ara pl. ar2 case, from intoxication), sober up; to wake up,
chest, crate, box awake ( from sleep); to become alert (
to s.th.), become aware ( of s.th.) II
II to misplace the diacritical marks; to to wake up, awaken, rouse ( s.o.) IV to be
misread, mispronounce, misspell ( a or become clear, bright, cloudless, serene
word); to misrepresent, distort, twist ( a (day, sky); to wake up, awaken, rouse (
report, etc.) V to be misread or misspelled s.o.)
(word)
aw cloudlessness, brightness
afa pl. if bowl, dish, serenity (of the weather); clarity, alertness
platter of the mind, consciousness; bright, serene,
uaifa saucer cloudless, sunny (weather)

afa pl. uuf, awa awakening, recovery of

aif2 leaf (in a book or notebook),
page; newspaper, paper, daily, journal;
epidermis; surface; exterior
( bai) honorable name, honor
uuf newspaper-, news-, press-
(in compounds), journalistic; (pl. -n)
newspaperman, journalist
(mutamar) press conference
ifa journalism, news
business; the press
consciousness; state of consciousness
in bright, serene, cloudless,
clear (weather); -- (pl. -n, uh)
awake, wakeful, watchful, alert, vigilant;
conscious; sober
akiba a (akab) to shout, cry, yell,
clamor, roar, bellow; to scold ( s.o.,
s.th.); to rage, roar, be loud VIII to raise a
din, roar simultaneously, be tumultuous,
resound in utter confusion, rage

af journalistic; journalist, akab shouting, roar(ing),

newspaperman, newsman bellowing, yelling, clamor, din, hubbub;
cry, outcry, yell; raging
 akib crying, yelling, noisy,
clamoring, vociferous, roaring, raging
akkb clamorous, boisterous,
roaring, bellowing, raging
itikb noise, din, clamor,
hubbub, uproar, tumult, turmoil, roar,
raging
kib loud, noisy, clamorous,
boisterous, vociferous, tumultuous,
roaring, 505 raging ( qwa)
power of the voice
muakab noise, din, hubbub,
tumult, raging, roar(ing)
akr (coll.; n. un. )pl. ukr,
ukra, akart rocks, solid
rock, boulders, rock formations; pl.
rock (geol.)
akra boulder, rock adia rusty, rust-covered; dirty,
qubbat a-. the Dome of the Rock, the
Mosque of Omar (in Jerusalem)
akr rocky, stony adaa a (ad, ud) to chant,
akir rocky, stony
adda u (add) to turn away, alienate,
discourage, divert, deter, restrain, reject,
send away ( s.o. from); to dissuade (
s.o. from his desire); to repel, parry,
ward off ( s.th., e.g., an attack); to
hinder, prevent ( s.o. from); to
impede, hamper, stop, bring to a standstill
( s.o.); to resist, oppose ( s.o.)
( naara) it does not offend the eye, it
is nice to look at; -- i u (add, udd)
to turn away ( from), turn ones back (
on s.o., on s.th.); to stay away, remain
aloof ( from s.th.) II to suppurate,
maturate, fester IV do. V to face, confront
( s.o.)
add averting, turning away;
checking, stopping; repulsion, rejection;
hindering, impeding, obstruction,
prevention; resistance, aversion,
reluctance
adad nearness, proximity;
intention, purpose, design, aim; respect,
regard, relation, concern, subject, matter;
topic (of a discussion); adada (prep.)
opposite, in front of and
opposite, in front of; concerning,
regarding, re, with respect to;
in this respect, with regard to this, with
relation to this, on this occasion, in this
connection; he is currently
busy with s.th., he is at present occupied
with a matter; ( narji)
we return to what is our present concern
or to what we are just discussing
add pus, matter
add suppurative, purulent,
festering
adia a ( ada) and adua u
(ada) to become or be rusty, rust,
oxidize II = I; to make ( s.th.) rusty,
cause ( s.th.) to rust, corrode ( s.th.)
adaa rust; oxidation; smut, rust
(plant disease)
ada rustiness
mean, shabby
mada rusty, rust-covered
sing; to play ( a song, a tune)
ada banner
adat (musical) strains
O di note raised a semitone, a
sharp (mus.)
adara a i ( udr) to go out,
step out ( or of, from within); to
proceed, emanate, arise, originate, stem (
or from), have its origin ( or
in); to come out, be issued, be
promulgated (order, ordinance, law); to
appear, be published (book); to leave, go
out (mail); to go ( to); to happen, occur,
come to pass; pass. udira to have a chest
complaint ( jidd) to set about
seriously, get to work earnestly;
to act on ones own volition II to
send, send off, dispatch, forward ( s.th.);
to export ( s.th.); to publish, bring out (
a book); to preface ( a book); to
introduce, commence ( a book with)
506 III to seize, impound, confiscate (
s.th.); to urge, press, oppress (s.o.), throw
obstacles in s.o.s ( )way IV to send, send
out, dispatch ( s.th.); to export ( s.th.);
to issue ( s.th., e.g., banknotes, bonds),
make out ( s.th., e.g., a passport); to
publish, bring out ( s.th., e.g., a book); to udra vest, waistcoat; camisole,
give, issue ( an order); to pronounce, (under)waist, bodice
pass ( a legal sentence); to utter, express udair and pl. -t vest,
( an opinion, a view) V to be sent, be waistcoat; bodice
dispatched; to preside ( over), head ( a
group); to have a front seat ( at a social idr vest, waistcoat;
gathering); to resist, oppose ( s.o.), throw (under-)waist, bodice
obstacles in s.o.s ( )way, stand in s.o.s ( adra, idra precedence;
)way X to bring about, obtain ( s.th., presidency, chairmanship; first place, pre-
esp. ukman a legal judgment or eminence; grand vizierate, office,
sentence); to issue (marsman an chancellery, or position, of the Grand
ordinance) Vizier (Mor.)
adr pl. udr chest, breast, udr coming out, appearance,
bust; bosom, heart; front part, front; part, publication (e.g., of a book), issuance
portion; first hemistich; leader, (e.g., of an ordinance)
commander; beginning, start, outset,
commencement, inception; early period, madar pl. madir starting
beginnings, dawn (fig.) one point, point of origin; origin, source (fig.);
who occupies the highest position in the (gram.) infinitive, verbal noun; absolute
house, who plays first fiddle in the house; or internal object
( rab) generosity, magnanimity; tadr sending (off), dispatch,
open-mindedness, broadmindedness, forwarding; exportation, export; preface,
liberality, frankness, candor; foreword (of a book); issuance
early period of Islam, early Islam;
title of the Grand Vizier in the mudara seizure, confiscation
Ottoman Empire; grand vizier (Mor.); idr exportation, export; issue,
. al-makn the foremost part of a issuance, bringing out, edition,
room; . an-nahr daybreak, publication; making out, issuance
beginning of the marif al-i. bank of issue
day; robin (zool.); istidr issue, making out;
bant a-. worries, anxieties, issuance 507
apprehensions; front door;
dir going out, emanating,
chest complaint; bottom of the heart,
originating; issued, come out, published,
secret thoughts; rab a-.
etc.; exportation, export; yield;
generous, magnanimous; open-minded,
export goods, exports
broad-minded, liberal; free of misgivings,
unhesitating; do.; madr affected with a pectoral
ayyiq a-. annoyed, angry ( at); ailment, phthisical, consumptive,
disgruntled, depressed; tubercular
munqabi a-. dejected, low-spirited, madar export merchant, exporter
crestfallen; maknat a-. first
place, precedence, priority; = adaa a (ad) to split, cleave, part,
( zamn) quite a sunder ( s.th.); to crack, break ( an
stretch of time, for some time; in object), cause ( an object) to crack; to
the foreground; ( sakkama) to break ( through obstacles), conquer,
irritate s.o., make s.o. angry; overcome, surmount ( obstacles,
inaraa adruh to be gladdened, be difficulties) ( aqq) to come
pleased, be cheered, be happy, rejoice out openly with the truth; ( amr)
to execute an order, comply with an order;
adr pectoral, chest (used pass. sudia to have or get a headache II
attributively) ( nazla) to cause a headache ( to s.o.); to molest,
bronchitis harass, trouble ( kirah s.o.); pas.
uddia to have or get a headache V to get
 split, let cleft, come apart, burst, break, mudafa pl. -t encounter,
crack; to go to pieces; to reel, waver, be meeting; chance, haphazard, coincidence,
shaken; to separate ( from), part ( unexpected concurrence; mudafatan by
with) VII to get split, get cleft, come chance, by coincidence, accidentally
apart, break, crack; to be rudely mudif corresponding ( to),
interrupted; to break, dawn (morning) concurrent ( with a date of another
ad pl. ud crevice, chronological system), coincident (
fissure, crack, break, rift, cleft with), falling ( on a given date)
ud headache adaqa u (adq, idq) to speak the truth,
be sincere; to tell ( s.o.) the truth (
mad having a crack, cracked,
about); to prove to be true, turn out to be
broken
correct, come true; to be right; to fit
udg pl. adg temple (anat.); exactly ( s.o. or s.th.), apply ( to),
earlock, lovelock (also quat hold true ( of) 508 or ( f
a-.) wadih or wadah) to keep, or fulfill,
udg temporal (anat.) ones promise; ( naata) to
advice s.o. sincerely; ( ubba) to
adafa i u (adf, udf) to turn love s.o. sincerely, truly II to deem (
away ( from), avoid, shun ( s.o., s.o. s.th.) credible, accept ( s.th.) as true,
s.th.); -- i (adf) to turn ( s.o.) away ( give credence ( to s.o., to s.th.),
from), discourage, restrain, deter ( s.o. believe, trust ( s.o., s.th.); to consider
from); to happen by chance III to find ( or pronounce ( s.th.) to be true, right,
s.o., s.th.), meet ( s.o., with s.th.); to correct or credible; to believe ( in); to
meet unexpectedly, by chance ( s.o.), give ones consent, to consent, assent,
light ( on), come across s.o. or s.th. ( agree ( to s.th.), approve ( of s.th.),
), run into s.o. or s.th. ( ), encounter ( grant, license, sanction, certify, confirm,
, s.o., s.th.); to coincide, be coincident, substantiate, attest, ratify, authenticate,
concur ( with s.th.); to fall ( on a given legalize, verify ( s.th.)
date); to happen by chance, come to pass ( (yuaddaqu) incredible, unbelievable,
that) to meet with unreliable, untrustworthy;
approval; ( maallah) to come addiq au kaddib (as an affirmative
in handily, be convenient, be opportune V parenthesis) believe it or not III to treat (
to turn away ( from), avoid, shun ( s.o.) &s a friend; to maintain ones
s.o., s.th.) VI to happen by chance, come friendship ( with s.o.); to be or become
to pass friends ( with s.o.), befriend ( s.o.); to
adaf (coll.; n. un. )pl. give ones consent, to consent, assent,
adf pearl oyster, sea shell, conch agree ( to s.th.), approve ( of),
. al-udun external ear, auricle, pinna grant, license, sanction, certify, confirm,
substantiate ( s.th.); to legalize,
adaf, mara a- authenticate ( a signature, etc.) IV to
adafya a noncontagious skin disease, fix a (bridal) dower ( for a woman) V to
psoriasis (med.) give alms ( to s.o.); to give as alms,
adaf sea-shell, shell (adj.); donate ( to s.o., s.th.)
nacreous, mother-of-pearl (adj.) idq truth, trueness, truthfulness;
udfa pl. udaf chance, sincerity, candor; veracity, correctness (of
haphazard, coincidence, unexpected an allegation); efficiency; idqan
concurrence; udfatan by chance, by truly, really, in truth
coincidence, accidentally or adaqa pl. -t alms, charitable
by chance, by coincidence, gift; almsgiving, charity, voluntary
accidentally; as chance will have it, contribution of alms, freewill offering;
haphazardly legally prescribed alms tax (Isl. Law)
 . al-fir almsgivings at the end adama i (adm) to bump, strike, knock,
of Ramadan (Isl. Law) dash, bounce, bang, run ( against), hit
(a upon); to run ( into s.o., e.g., an
adq, sidq pl. uduq,
automobile, etc.); to collide, clash (
adiqa (bridal) dower; -- (pl. )
with, e.g., train with car) ill to bump,
marriage contrast (tun.)
strike, knock, dash, bounce, bang, run (
adqa pl. 41 friendohip againat s.o. or s.th.); to resist, oppose (
adq pl. adiq2, s.o., s.th.), battle ( against); to
udaq2, udqn friend; friendly, encounter (hostilely), clash; pass.
connected by bonds of friendship dima to be severely afflicted ( by) VI
to collide (e.g., trains), encounter
adq veracious, truthful, honest, (armies); to clash, conflict (e.g., different
sincere opinions) VIII to collide, clash ( or
iddq strictly veracious, honest, with); to bump, strike, run ( against), hit
righteous, upright; epithet of the ( s.th., e.g., a mine); to take offense (
first Caliph, Ab Bakr at, e.g., at mistakes), take exception (
to); to fail ( due to), be thwarted ( by);
adaq2 truer, sincerer = VI
( a. burhnin) the most reliable,
or best, proof for ...; the most adma pl. adamt push, thrust,
loyal, or best, friend jolt, shook, blow, stroke; upset,
commotion, (psychic) shock; obstacle,
midq confirmation, difficulty
corroboration, substantiation; touchstone,
criterion idm collision, clash; breakdown,
collapse ( wijdn) mental
tadq belief, faith ( in); breakdown
consent, assent, agreement ( to),
approval, sanctioning, licensing, mudama, pl. -t collision,
certification, confirmation, attestation, clash, impact
ratification, verification, authentication, tadum collision, clash; bounce,
legalization ( of s.th.) impact ( on); upset, commotion,
surat at-t. credulity; (psychic) shock buffer
credulous mudaqa consent, (railroad)
assent, agreement ( to), concurrence (
in); approval, sanctioning, iidm collision, clash; bounce,
certification, confirmation, attestation, impact ( on); upset, commotion,
ratification ( of s.th.); legalization, (psychic) shock
authentication ( of a document) adiya II (adan) to be very thirsty IV to
taduq legalization, echo, resound, reverberate V to occupy
authentication ( of a document) o.s. ( or with); to turn, apply o.s. ( or
to s.th.); to undertake ( or s.th.),
diq true, truthful, veracious, embark ( or upon); to oppose, resist,
sincere, candid; reliable; accurate, true, counteract, antagonize ( s.o.), throw
genuine, faithful, authentic obstacles in s.o.s ( )way, be in s.o.s ()
muaddiqa certificate, way
certification, attestation , adan pl. ad echo,
muaddaq credible, believable, reverberation
reliable, trustworthy tadiya hand clapping
incredible; ( rasmyan)
legalized, officially certified 509 arra i (arr, arr) to chirp,
stridulate (cricket); to creak (door); to
look up alphabetically squeak, screech; to grate, scratch; to
gnash, chatter (teeth); to lace, cord, tie up,
 truss up, bind ( s.th.); to shove, put (
money into a purse); to prick up ( or
ones ears) IV to persist ( in), insist (
on); to make up ones mind, resolve,
determine, decide ( to do s.th.); to
prick up ( or ones ears)
urra pl. urar (money) bag,
purse; bundle, packet, parcel or
. al-aramain the urra for uncontaminated; clear; distinct, plain,
Mecca and Medina, the traditional funds
sent by the different Islamic countries
(nowadays, e.g., by Egypt and Tunisia)
with the hadj caravan to be distributed
among the poor of Mecca and Medina;
the Trustee of the urra (who is
responsible for its delivery);
cash remittance
arr chirping, stridulation (of
crickets); squeaking, screeching
arrr or . al-lail openheartedly
cricket (zool.)
arra coins wrapped in a purse
irr penitence, perseverance (
in), insistences ( on) permission, (official) permit, license
sabq al-i. premeditation, willfulness (jur.)
muirr persistent, insistent;
determined, resolute
a-irb Serbia; the Serbs
irb Serbian
arua u ( ara, s.o.) for help
ura) to be or become pure,
unadulterated, uncontaminated, clear; --
araa a (ar) to make clear, clarify,
explicate, 510 explain ( s.th.) II to
explain, explicate, clarify, make clear (
s.th.); to declare, state, announce ( s.th.),
make a statement ( about); to speak out
frankly, openly, be clear, be explicit (,
about), let ( s.th.) be known; to
allow, permit, grant ( to s.o. s.th.); to
license ( s.th.), give a permit, grant a
license ( for) III to speak frankly,
openly; to speak out frankly or openly, be
clear, be explicit ( about), avow (
s.th.), let ( s.th.) be known; to declare (
to s.o. that) IV to make clear, clarify,
explicate, explain ( s.th.) VI to become
clear, evident, manifest, come to light VII
to become evident, manifest, clear
ar pl. ur castle, palace, lofty
edifice, imposing structure
ur pure, unadulterated,
uncontaminated, clear; distinct, plain,
obvious, evident, patent, manifest,
unambiguous, unequivocal
ar pl. ura2,
ari2 pure, unadulterated,
obvious, evident, patent, manifest,
unambiguous, unequivocal; open, frank,
sincere, candid; free, openhearted
ara clearness clarity,
distinctness, plainness; unambiguousness;
openness, frankness, candor, sincerity,
openheartedness; aratan clearly,
plainly, distinctly, patently,
unequivocally, unambiguously; openly,
frankly, bluntly, straightforward, honestly,
ara2 purer, clearer; sincerer
tar pl. -t, tar2
(public) statement, declaration;
araka u ( urk, ark) to
cry, yell, scream, shriek, shout; to cry for
help; to call ( s.o.); to call out, shout (
to s.o.); to yell, bellow, roar ( or
at s.o.) ( arkatan) to cry out,
let out a cry X to cry for help; to call ( to
arka pl. -t cry, outcry, yell,
scream; call for help
urk crying, yelling; clamor,
screaming, screams
ark crying, yelling; clamor,
screaming, screams
arrk crier, screamer, bawler;
peacock
rk pl. awrk2
rocket; siren (magr.) O
intercontinental ballistic missile
ICBM
qunbula rkya rocket
bomb, guided missile
rik gaudy, flashy (color);
glaring (color, light); crude, gross, coarse;
noisy, loud; crier, caller
 ard severe cold (spell) mar thrown to the ground,
arrad drifting clouds, cirrus felled; epileptic; demented, insane, mad,
crazy
urraid drifting clouds, cirrus
muri wrestler; fighter
arara to let out a piercing cry,
arafa i (arf) to turn; to turn away,
scream shrilly
avert ( s.o., s.th. from); to dissuade,
r arar violent, cold alienate, keep away ( s.o. from); to
wind, icy gale divert, distract ( s.o. from); to turn,
urur pl. arr2 a direct ( s.th., e.g., ones eyes, ones
variety of cockroach (Blatta aegyptiaca; attention, to s.th.); to grant leave, dismiss,
zool.); cricket (zool.) send away ( s.o.); to give s.o. ( )the
brush-olf; to spend, expend ( money
urr pl. arr2 for); to defray the cost ( of s.th.), pay (
cricket (zool.); cockroach (syr.) for s.th.); to pay out, disburse (
arr cricket (zool.) money to); to issue, give out ( s.th., e.g.,
tickets), make out ( s.th., e.g., a permit);
ir way, path, road to spend, devote ( or or time,
araa a (ar, ir, mara) to effort on); to pass, spend ( time at
throw down, fell, bring to the ground ( s.th., doing s.th.); to change money ( ;)to
s.o.); -- pass. uria to be epileptic, have inflect ( a word) ( naar)
an epileptic fit; to be or go mad 511 III to to avert ones glance from, disregard s.th.,
wrestle (also as a sport), fight ( with s.o.) pay no attention to s.th., leave s.th. out of
VI to wrestle with one another VII to be consideration; -- i ( arf) to creak,
or go mad VIII = VI grate II to cause to flow off, draw off (
water); to drain ( land); to dispatch,
ar epilepsy
expedite, wind up, liquidate ( business);
ur rein to change money ( ;)to market, retail,
ar pl. ar thrown to distribute, sell ( merchandise), dispose (
the ground, felled; epileptic; demented, of merchandise); to circulate ( s.th.);
insane, mad, crazy; (with foll. genit.) to give a free hand ( to s.o. in s.th.), let
succumbing to s.th., fallen victim to s.th., ( s.o.) dispose freely ( over, in), grant
to be killed (in battle); the right of disposal ( to s.o. over or in
. a-arb addicted to the bottle; s.th.); to inflect ( a word), conjugate ( a
. al-kar overcome by sleep verb), decline ( a noun) V to act
independently; to dispose freely, have the
mara pl. mari2 battle- right of disposal ( over); to move freely,
ground; ruin, destruction, perdition, death; act without restriction ( in), administer
fatal accident; vital part of the body (the (freely) ( s.th.); to behave, act, conduct
injury of which can cause death) o.s., comport o.s. ; to exercise sacerdotal
mir pl. mar2 leaf functions (Copt.-Chr.); to be inflected
of a door; hemistich door (gram.); to be derived
panel; ( miraihi) ( taarrufan kaifyan) to proceed
the door is wide open arbitrarily in or at VII to turn away; to go
away, depart ( from), leave ( s.th.); to
ir wrestling, wrestling match; give up, abandon, relinquish, quit ( s.o.,
fight, struggle s.th.); to flow off, drain; to pass on,
muraa wrestling, wrestling change over, turn ones attention ( to
match; fight, struggle s.th.); to proceed ( to some activity or to
do s.th.); to apply o.s., devote o.s. ( to
iir fight, struggle, conflict,
s.th.); to be spent, be expended (money);
controversy
to be issued, be made out (e.g.. ticket); to
be fully, i.e., triptotically, inflected
 to withdraw by o.s., isolate
o.s.; to set about to do s.th.,
proceed to do s.th. 512
arf averting, turning away;
expenditure, expense; spending, use,
application (e.g., of time, of effort, etc.);
issuance, issue, making out; disbursement;
money changing; barter (Isl. Law);
drainage; inflection (gram.); (pl.
urf) adversities, misfortunes (also
urf ad-dahr)
maaat a-. (el.) power station;
drainage station, pumping
station; i'r a-. exchange
rate; ilm a-. morphology
(gram.); indeclinable
(gram.); ( bi-. in-naar)
regardless of, irrespective of,
notwithstanding, to say nothing of
irf pure, unadulterated,
unmixed; mere, sheer, absolute
arfyt payments,
disbursements
arf squeak(ing), creak(ing),
squeal(ing)
arrf money changer; cashier,
teller, treasurer; paymaster; banker
arrafa (woman) cashier
( woman) ticket agent
airaf pl. ayrif2 money
changer; cashier, teller, treasurer
airaf pl. ayrifa money
changer; cashier, teller, treasurer
arfa pl. arif2 reedmat
hut
marif pl. marif 2 triptotical (gram.); the money
drainage canal, drainage ditch, drain;
bank; pay office, tellers window (at a
bank)
tarf drawing off (of water),
drainage; sale, retail, disposal,
distribution; change, alteration; inflection,
declension, conjugation t.
ad-dahr the vicissitudes of fate;
settlement, windup, or management,
of affairs
taarruf pl. -t free disposal (
over), right of disposal; usufruct;
administration; action, way of acting,
demeanor, behavior, conduct; outflow,
efflux, effluence, output (in terms of the
capacity of a pump), discharge,
throughput, quantity of water flowing
through; pl. measures,
dispositions, regulations
(munjaz) regulation effective immediately
(Isl. Law); usn at-t.
discretion; mulaq at-t.
having unrestricted right of disposal,
invested with full power; freely;
at s.o.s disposal;
to put s.th. at s.o.s disposition;
t. az-zaman the vicissitudes
of time
inirf going away, leave,
departure; avertedness, aversion ( to);
abstention ( from). renunciation ( of)
devoted, dedicated ( to s.th.);
money spent, expenditure; pl. -t,
marf2 expenses, expenditures, costs
and postage;
m. al-jaib pocket money;
postage free, franked;
( waf) to cover the cocte, defray
the expense; ( kidma)
dismissed, discharged
mutaarrif approx.: provincial
governor (Ir.; administering anyone of the
14 liw, q.v.); former title of a Turkish
administrative officer in Arab countries
mutaarrifa jurisdiction of a
mutaarrif (q.v.), approx.: province;
dignity, government, authority, etc., of a
mutaarrif
munarif fully inflected, i.e.,
spent, expenditures
munarif departure, leave,
going away ( munarafa)
513 indispensable, inevitable;
munarafahum at their departure, when
they left; ( m. in-nahr) at
the parting of day, at days end
1
aruma u ( arma) to be sharp; to
be stern, hard, harsh, severe; -- rama i
(arm, urm) to cut, cut off, sever (
s.th.); to leave, forsake ( s.o.), separate (
from s.o.), part ( with s.o.) II to cut, cut
 off, cut through, sever, separate ( s.th.) V uba difficulty
to decrease, wane, dwindle; to elapse, go obstinacy, stubbornness, recalcitrance,
by, pass; to be past, be bygone, be over refractoriness
(time) VII to elapse, go by, pass; to be maib2 difficulties
past. be bygone, be over (time)
atar wild thyme (Thymus serpyllum;
arm severance, separation bot.)
irma pl. iram herd of aida a ( ud) to rise, go up; to
camels lift, climb, ascend, slope upward; to
arma sharpness, keenness; mount, scale, ascend, climb ( s.th.),
harshness, sternness, severity, rigor, climb up ( on s.th.); to take off
unfriendliness (airplane); to make s.o. ascend,
lead s.o. up to II to ascend, mount; to
arma horse bridle
go upstream; to travel to Upper Egypt; to
murama estrangement, break, send up ( s.o.); to cause ( s.th.) to rise or
antagonism, hostility ascend; to heave
rim sharp, harsh, hard, severe, (from ones breast), utter ( sigh,
stem wails, and the like); to cause (s.th.) to
munarim elapsed, past, bygone evaporate, vaporize, volatilize ( s.th.); to
(period of time) sublimate ( s.th.; chem.)
2
(zafart) to heave deep sighs IV to make (
urm = s.o.) ascend or advance; to ascend ( to
3
arma pl. uram (eg.) shoe elevated terrain); to go upstream; to travel
up, travel V to evaporate, vaporize VI to
urmy pl. -t, arm rise, lift, ascend 514
(syr.) shoe made of red or yellow leather;
shoes ud height, altitude
see ada pl. aadt rise, incline;
slope, declivity
rin and riya pl. awrin
mast, pole . l-alam flagpole ud rising, lifting, ascending;
take-off (of an airplane); ascent; boom;
maaba, miaba pl. maib2 advance ( toward) . ar-
outdoor stone bench (built into the side of rabb and d a-. Ascension
a house), maaba Day (Chr.)
mal fool ad steep hill
auba u ( uba) to be hard, ad pl. ud highland,
difficult ( for); to be embarrassing, upland, plateau; and .
shocking, unpleasant ( for, to) II to mir Upper Egypt on a
make hard, make difficult ( for s.o. common basis, on common ground, on
s.th.); to present as difficult ( to s.o. equal footing, without distinction,
s.th.) V to become difficult; to make ( indiscriminately; congenial,
s.th.) hard or difficult VI to be difficult (of like-minded, kindred in spirit, agreed
a person); to be hard to please X to find or
consider difficult ( s.th.) ad pl. ayida Upper
Egyptian
ab pl. ib hard, difficult;
pl. difficulties hard to bear, uad2 (deep) sigh
oppressive; . al-ir hard to tanaffasa -uad to sigh
please, fastidious; obstinate, (deeply), heave a (deep) sigh
stubborn, self-opinionated, recalcitrant, maad pl. maid2 point
headstrong; ( umla) hard of ascent
currency
 miad pl. maid2
elevator, lift; O anode
miada elevator, lift
id pl. awid 2 rising, grovel X to deem ( s.o., s.th.) small,
ascending (also, e.g., of vapors)
fa-idan and beyond that, and more;
-- from -- on, from --upward;
( min al-na) from now on,
henceforth
mutaid rising, ascending
(also, e.g., of vapors)
ara a (aar) to be awry (face; with
pride) II ( kaddah) to put on a
contemptuous mien
s.th.); to belittle, deride, ridicule, debase,
bemean ( s.o., s.th.); to form a
diminutive ( of a noun) VI to prove o.s.
contemptible, be servile, fawn, cringe,
little or paltry; to make light ( of s.o.,
of s.th.), undervalue ( s.o., s.th.); to
think little ( of s.o., of s.th.)
( nafsah) to feel inferior
igar smallness, littleness,
scantiness, paltriness, paucity,
insignificance; youthfulness, juvenility
(also . as-sinn) 515 igra:
( . abawaihi) he is the
youngest of his parents children

aaqa a ( iqa) to strike s.o. () agr pl. igr,

down with lightning, destroy, hit, slay ( ugar2 small, little; paltry, scanty,
s.o.; of lightning); to stun, stupefy, make insignificant; tiny, minute; young,
unconscious ( s.o.); -- aiqa a and pass. juvenile, minor; a minor, one under age
iiqa (aaq, aqa) to be . s-sinn young; . an-
thunderstruck; to lose consciousness nafs mean-spirited, base, servile,
( maknih) to stop dead in Toadying, cringing, groveling
one's tracks, stand as if thunderstruck IV . al-muwaafn small officials,
to strike down, slay, destroy ( s.o.; of subaltern officials; ( d) Little
lightning); to stun, stupefy, make Bairam, i.e., the feast of fast breaking on
unconscious ( s.o.) VII to be struck by the 1st of Shawwal; kullu .
lightning wa-kabra every detail
aaq thunder, peal of thunder agra pl. agir2 venial
aiq thunderstruck, dumfounded sin (Isl. Law); minor mistake; pl.
trivialities, trifles
iqa pl. awiq 2 bolt of
lightning, thunderbolt agra littleness, paltriness,
scantiness, paucity; lowliness, servility,
maq struck by lightning; humility, humbleness
thunderstruck, stupefied, dumfounded;
crushed, destroyed agar f. ugr pl. m.
agir2 smaller, littler; younger
alaka loitering, loafing a. a-arrain the lesser of two evils,
ulk pl. alk2 utterly Asia Minor;
destitute; have-not, pauper, poor wretch; (duwal) the small countries;
beggar; tramp, vagabond, loafer (sriy) Palestine; the
minimum
agura u (igar, agra)
and agira a (agar) to be or become tagr diminution, lessening,
small, little, scanty; to diminish, decrease, decrease, reduction ism at-t.
wane, dwindle; to be young; to be lowly, diminutive (gram.)
submissive, servile, humble; -- agara u igr disdain, contempt,
(agr) to be younger ( than disregard
s.o. by) ( bi-sanatin) tagur servility, toadying,
he was only one year younger than I cringing, groveling
II to make small(er) or little(r), lessen,
minimize, reduce, diminish, decrease (
 gir low, lowly, despised,
contemptible, humiliated, meek, dejected;
submissive, servile; subject ( to s.o.)
muaggar reduced, decreased,
diminished ( ra) on a
reduced or small scale, in miniature;
( film) microfilm
)and )ag u ( agw, sugw)
to incline, bend, lean ( to, toward); --
agiya a (agan, ugy) to incline,
bend, lean ( to, toward); to listen ( to)
IV to listen, pay attention, lend ones ear (
or to s.th., to s.o.). heed ( or s.th.)
agw and agan inclination,
disposition, tendency, affection,
attachment, good will
isg attention, attentiveness
gin inclined, disposed, attentive;
listener, hearer
attentive; listener, hearer
1
see
2
affa u (aff) to set up in a row or
line, line up, align, array, arrange, order (
s.th.); to eat, compose ( type, typ.); to
range, class, classify ( s.o. among); to
cut ( s.th.) in strips II to set up in a row
or line, line up, align, array, arrange, order
( s.th.); to comb ( the hair) straight VI
to line up, take position in a row or line,
stand in a row or line, be lined up, be
aligned, be strung in a line VIII - VI; to
fall in, stand in formation (of a military
detachment) to sheet (of metal), leaf (of wood), slab, flag
line the rood, form a lane (e.g., troops,
police, etc.)
aff aligning or arranging in a line
or row; -- (pl. uff) row, line, file,
rank, queue; row, or tier, of seats; grade,
form (in school), class course, section,
division, group . ad-dam,
blood group; typesetting
machine, ( also pl. sheet, leaf; flagstone, stone slab
) non-commissioned officer;
intaama uffan to line up in rows
or files
uffa pl. ufaf (stone)
molding; ledge 516
afff and type- armor clad, ironclad, metal-covered
setter, compositor
maaff pl. maaff2 position
(of an army); battle line; row, line, file;
composing stick (typ.)
(with foll. genit.) to class s.o. with, put
s.o. on the same level with
afaa a (af) to broaden, widen, flatten,
beat into a leaf, foliate, plate ( s.th.); to
pardon, forgive ( s.o., s.th.) II to
broaden, widen, flatten,
beat into a leaf, foliate ( s.th.); to roll
out ( s.th.); to plate, overlay, or cover,
with metal plates ( s.th.); to armor (
s.th.); to equip, furnish, cover ( s.th.
with) ill to shake hands ( with s.o.); to
greet (.s.o.); to touch ( s.th.) lightly or
gently, graze ( s.th.), brush, glide (
over s.th.), pass, blow ( over s.th., of the
wind, breath, etc.) ( samah)
to reach s.o.s ear V to leaf, thumb ( a
book, etc.); to examine, scrutinize, regard,
study ( s.th.) VI to shake hands X to ask
s.o.s ( )forgiveness ( for), apologize (
to s.o. for)
af pardon, forgiveness; (pl.
if) side, surface )(
to turn away from s.o. or s.th., pass
over s.o. or s.th., ignore, snub, slight,
disregard s.o. or s.th., desist from s.th.
afa pl. afat outside, exterior;
plane, surface; page; leaf, sheet; phase
af broad side or surface; sheet
iron; tin, tinplate; tin plates, tin sheets
afa pl. afi2 plate,
(of stone), ledger stone (on a tomb); tin
plate, tin sheet; can, jerry can
. al-mir door panel; O
. al-miqwal phonograph records,
gramophone discs
afh forgiving, reedy to forgive
uff pl. -t, aff plate,
taf plating
taaffu examination,
scrutinization, scrutiny, study
muaffa, shaped into plates or
thin layers, plated, foliated; armored,
 ( kaab) plywood;
(sayyra) armored car
muaffaa pl. -t armored car,
armored reconnaissance car (mil.)
afda i (afd) to bind, fetter, shackle (
s.o.) II and IV = I
afad pl. afd bond, tie,
fetter
ifd bond, tie, fetter
. al-yadain manacle, handcuff
1
afara i ( afr) to whistle (bird,
person); to hiss (snake); to chirp,
stridulate (cricket); to seream (siren) II = I
afr whistling, whistle, etc. (see
above); high, thin tone (e.g., of a flute)
sibilants; -- see also below
and alphabetically
affra pl. -t whistle; siren
. al-amn all-clear siren;
. al-indr warning siren
2 second month of the Mohammedan year
II to dye yellow, make yellow, to yellow
( s.th.) IX to turn yellow, to
yellow; to pale, become pale
( wajhuh) he grew pale, he turned
white
ufr brass; money
afar jaundice
ufra yellow color, yellowness,
yellow; pallor, paleness (of the face) 517
afar yellow color, s.th. yellow;
pallor, paleness . al-baia
egg yolk
affr pl. brass founder
afar2, f. afr2, pl. afaqa i (afq) to slap, smack ( s.o.,
ufr yellow; pale, pallid, wan
( aka) forced, or embarrassed,
laugh; ( nus) brass
afr bile, gall
( eg.) golden oriole (zool.)
ufrya golden oriole (zool.)
afrw bilious; choleric
( umm) yellow fever;
( aka) bitter, or sardonic,
laugh (= Fr. rire jaune)
ifirr yellowing, yellow; pallor,
paleness (of the face)
mufarr yellow-colored; pale,
pallid, wan
3
afira a (afar, ufr) to be empty,
be devoid, vacant ( of)
( afirat yaduh) to have lost s.th. II
to empty, void, vacate, evacuate, free (
s.th.) IV = II
afr, ifr, ufr, afir, ufur pl.
afr empty, void, devoid, ( of), free (
from) ifr al-yadain empty-
handed
ifr zero, naught; nothing
afar empty, void
mufir empty-handed
m. al-yad with an empty hand;
without any possessions at all,
completely destitute
4
afar pl. afr Safar, name of the
1
afaf (coll.; n. un. )a variety of
willow (Salix Safsaf F.; bot.)
2
afaf even, level; waste, desolate,
barren, empty wasteland,
desolate area; to devastate
s.th., lay s.th. waste
afaa a (af) to cuff, buffet, slap lightly
( s.o.); to slap s.o.s ( )face, box s.o.s ()
ears; to violate ( a rule) VI to slap one
another
afa (n. vic.) slap, cuff, smack;
blow
aff pl. -n a kind of buffoon
s.th.); to aet into motion ( s.th.); to flap,
clap; to shut, slam, bang ( a door); --
afuqa u ( afqa) to be thick, heavy,
close in texture (cloth) II to flap, clap,
smack; to clap ones hands (also ),
applaud ( s.o.); to flap ( the wings)
afqa pl. afaqt handclasp (in
concluding a deal); conclusion of a
contract (Isl. Law); deal, bargain,
transaction poor deal, bad
bargain; favorable deal, good
bargain; afqatan widatan all
 at once, wholly, entirely, altogether; VIII; to deem ( s.th.) clear or pure
( a), to conclude a bargain, to realize all ones assets; to
effect a transaction; )( confiscate s.o.s property
to lose the game, return empty-handed; afw clearness, clarity, limpidity,
do. untroubledness, cloudlessness, serenity,
ifq pl. ufuq dermis purity, sheerness; happiness, felicity,
underskin; peritoneum pleasure, delight; clear, limpid;
untroubled, undisturbed, serene, pure,
afq pl. ifq thick, heavy,
sheer
close in texture (cloth) . al-
wajh impudent, insolent, brazen afwa the best, or choicest, part,
prime, cream, flower, elite, quintessence
afqa impudence, insolence,
brazenness afan (coll.: n. un. afh pl.
afawt) stone(s), rock(s)
tafq hand clapping; applause,
acclaim applause afwn stones, rocks
afkis2 Sfax (aeaport in Tunisia) 518 ifwa sincere friend, best friend,
1 bosom friend
afana i to stand with one foot ()
slightly raised; to pore, brood, ponder, af clearness, clarity, limpidity,
reflect, muse untroubledness, cloudlessness, serenity,
purity, sheerness; happiness, felicity,
afan pl. afn scrotum
serenity, gaiety, cheerfulness; sincerity,
2
afn (Juniperus Sabina; bot.) candor, honesty pleasant
) )af u (afw, ufw, af) to be time, delightful hours
or become clear, unpolluted, limpid, afy clear, limpid, untroubled,
cloudless, untroubled, serene, undisturbed, undisturbed, serene, cloudless, pure,
pure; to apply o.s. to s.th. with clear sheer; (pl. afiy2) sincere friend,
intent, devote o.s. wholeheartedly to, be best friend, bosom friend
completely given to, be solely
afya pl. alafya leaders
preoccupied with, be exclusively ready for
share of the loot; lions share of the booty
(heart, mind) II to make clear, limpid,
pure, clarify, clear, purify ( s.th.); to mafan refinery
settle, straighten out ( masalatan a mifan sieve
question, a problem); to remove the water,
pour off the water ( from s.th., e.g., in mifh pl. mafin strainer,
cooking; also ;) to rid of colander, filter; strainer cloth; sieve;
moisture, dry out ( s.th.); to clarify, refinery, purification plant
purify, rectify ( s.th., by removing coffee filter, percolator
s.th.); to filter, strain ( s.th.); to settle, tafiya pl. -t clarification,
pay, liquidate ( s.th.); to realize ( clearance, purification (also fig.); filtering,
assets) III to be sincere ( toward s.o), deal filtration; elimination (also in sports);
honestly ( with s.o.) IV = III ( or ): to settlement, straightening out, adjustment;
be no longer in a position (to ), posses no clearing (com.); liquidation (com.);
longer, forfeit; to cease composing poetry clearance sale t. al-isbt
(poet) to have s.o. in mind settlement of accounts;
for s.th., choose, select, or single out s.o. official receiver, receiver in equity
for s.th.. grant s.o. s.th. in preference to
others, bestow upon s.o. s.th. ( mufh cordiality, concord,
which others do not have) VI to be sincere harmony; good will, sincere attitude or
toward one another, be honest with one disposition 519
another, be of pure intent toward one tafin peaceful settlement,
another VIII to choose, select ( s.o.) X = compromise ( between)
 iif selection (also biol.)
istif:
sequestration of property
fin clear, limpid; sheer, pure,
straight, unmixed, undiluted,
unadulterated; untroubled, undisturbed;
serene; pure; net . an-nya
sincere, candid, openhearted;
net tonnage; net profit
muaffin official receiver,
receiver in equity; clarifier, clarifying
agent
muaffan purified, pure, clear,
limpid, cloudless
muafan chosen, selected;
epithet of Mohammed
afr sapphire
( It. scala) aqla pl. aqil2
scaffold; gangway, gangplank
III to approach ( s.o.), go or come near (
s.o.); to be neighbor ( with s.o.), be
adjacent ( to s.th.), adjoin ( s.th.)
O muqaba affinity
1
aqr pl. uqr, aqur saker,
falcon, hawk
2
aqr stone axe
aqaa a (aq, uq) to crow
(rooster); pass. uqia to be covered with
hoarfrost (ground) II to be icy, ice-cold,
frozen
uq pl. aq area, region,
country, district, locality, land
( mutajammida, janbya) aluba u ( alba) and aliba a to
the Antarctic
aqa frost, severe cold
saq frost; ice; hoarfrost
asqa2 more eloquent
miqa pl. maqi
eloquent; loud-voiced, having a stentorian
voice
1
aqala u (aql, iql) to smooth,
polish, burnish, cut ( s.th.); to refine (
style, taste, and the like) VII to become
smooth
aqala u polishing, burnishing
mental training
aql polished, burnished; smooth,
shiny, glossy
aqql polisher. smoother
aiqal pl. -t maqil2
polisher, smoother
miqala pl. maqil2
burnisher (tool)
maql polished, burnished; cut
(glass, and the like); acute, refined (wit)
2
look up alphabetically
aqlab pl. aqliba Slav
iqillya Sicily
2
akka u (akk) to beat, strike; to shut,
lock ( the door) his ears
were tingling or ringing;
(samah) to strike s.o.s ear (noise); to
roar in s.o.s ears VIII to knock together,
shake, tremble, (knees), chatter (teeth)
2
akk pl. ukk, ikk,
aukk (instrunlent of) contract (Isl. Law);
legal instrument, document, deed; check,
cheque
1
see
2
alla i ( all) to ring, clink, clank,
clatter, rattle
ill pl. all, ill a
variety of venomous adder, viper
all rattle, clatter, clash (e.g., of
weapons), jingling (of coins) 521
1
be or become hard, firm, solid, stiff, or
rigid, solidify, harden, set, stiffen II to
make hard, firm, solid, stiff, or rigid,
harden, solidify, stiffen, indurate ( s.o.,
s.th.); to support, prop, shore up (A s.th.);
to harden ( the heart) V = I; to show o.s.
hard or severe
ulb hard, firm, solid, stiff, rigid;
steel; -- (pl. alub, alb)
spinal column, backbone; loins; -- text,
body (of a book, and the like)
. ar-ray obstinate, stubborn,
headstrong, opinionated; . ar-
raqaba do.; . al-d of robust
 physique, strongly built, husky, sturdy; alaa u a ( al,
stubborn, resistant, unbending, unyielding, ul, malaa) and alua u (
relentless; ( ibn ulbih) and al, aya) to be good, right,
he is his own son, his offspring; proper, in order, righteous, pious, godly;
( mustakraja to be well, thrive; to be usable, useful,
min ulbi l-ayh) a drama taken from practicable, serviceable, fitting, suitable,
real life; at heart, in his innermost or appropriate ( for), lend itself ( to),
suit, match ( s.th.), fit ( s.th. or s.o.),
ulba: . al-4ain sclera
apply ( to s.o. or s.th.); to be admissible,
(anat.)
permissible ( in, at, with); to be valid.
alb hard, firm, solid, stiff, rigid hold true ( for) II to put in order, settle,
alba hardness, callousness; adjust, restore, restitute ( s.th.), make
hardening, induration; firmness, solidity, amends, compensate ( for); to mend,
stiffness, rigidity; stubbornness, obstinacy, improve, ameliorate, fix, repair ( s.th.)
unyieldingness; intolerance . III to make peace, become reconciled,
al-d sternness, severity, hardness, make up, reach a compromise or
obstinacy, stubbornness, inflexibility, settlement ( with s.o.); to foster peace (
relentlessness between), reconcile ( people) IV to put
in order, settle, adjust ( or s.th.),
taallub hardness, callousness, overhaul, restore, restitute, rebuild,
hardening t. a-arbn reconstruct; to make amends, compensate
arteriosclerosis ( or 521 for); to mend, improve,
mutaallib unyielding, ameliorate, fix, repair ( or s.th.); to
inflexible, relentless, hard make suitable or fitting, adjust, modify (
2
s.th.); to reform ( or s.th.); to remove,
alaba i (alb) to crucify ( s.o.) II = I; to remedy ( or s.th.); to make arable or
make the sign of the cross ( over); to cultivable, reclaim, cultivate, till, ( land);
cross o.s.; to cross, fold ( ones arms) to further, promote, encourage ( s.o.),
ulb crucifixion make ( s.o.) thrive or prosper, bring good
luck ( to s.o.); to make peace (
alb pl. ulbn, ulub
between), bring together ( people),
cross ( janb) the
bring about an agreement ( between),
Southern Cross (astron.); the
conciliate ( people) VI to make peace,
Red Cross; swastika;
make up, become reconciled with one
and sign of the cross
another VII to be put in order, be righted,
(Chr.); d a-. peony
be corrected, be improved, be ameliorated
(Paeonis; bot.)
VIII = VI; to agree ( on), accept, adopt
alb: the ( s.th.) X to deem ( s.th.) good, proper,
crusades; the crusaders suitable, fitting, usable, useful,
albt (representation of the) practicable, or serviceable; to make
crucifixion, crucifix arable, cultivable, reclaim ( land)

muallab crossing, interjunction ul peace, (re)conciliation,

(of roads)
aluta u ( ulta) to be glossy, be
smooth and shining IV to draw, unsheathe
( as-saifa the sword); pass. ulita to
be drawn (sword)
1
ullaj (coll.; n. un. )pl. -t cocoon,
chrysalis of the silkworm
2
look up alphabetically
settlement, composition, compromise;
peace (pol.), peacemaking, conclusion of
peace ( Syr.) justice of the
peace; do.;
qaawyat a-. jurisdiction of the
ul of peace, peace (adj.);
arbitrative, arbitrational, arbitration (in
compounds) ( lajna)
arbitration committee
 al goodness, properness, il pl. -t restoration,
rightness; usability, practicability, restitution, redressing, reparation;
usefulness; righteousness, probity, piety, improvement, amelioration, betterment,
godliness mending, correction; reconstruction;
reconditioning, repair; renovation,
alya suitability, fitness,
refurbishing; adjustment, settling,
appropriateness, aptness; efficiency;
remedying, removal, elimination;
usability, practicability, usefulness, use,
restoration of 522 order, establishment of
worth; serviceability, proper or working
peace, happiness and order; reformation,
condition (e.g., of a machine);
reform; reclamation, cultivation (of land);
competence; validity. applicability; (pl.
(re)conciliation, settlement, compromise,
-t) full or mandatory power. power of
attorney, also ( tmma) peacemaking ( between)
competent authorities; il reformatory,
mulaq a-. plenipotentiary reformational, reform- (in compounds);
(dipl.) reformer, reformist
(mahad) reformatory, house of correction
alya = alya
ala2 better, more proper, more ilya revisionism,
correct; more pious, godlier; fitter, more reformism; (pl. -t) reformatory, house of
suitable correction

malaa pl. mali2 talu (re)conciliation

matter, affair; requirement. exigency; that iil pl. -t agreement,
which is beneficial, helpful, or promoting; convention, practice, usage; (colloquial,
advantage, benefit, interest, good, welfare; linguistic) usage; technical term, terminus
office, authority, department, technicus
governmental agency, administration iil conventional; technical
(chiefly Eg.) (of a term)
(mirya) Administration of Egyptian
Antiquities; m. al-umma the istil reclamation, cultivation
welfare of the people; postal li good, right, proper, sound;
administration; administrative thorough, substantial, downright, out-and-
agency for the territories outside the out, solid; virtuous, pious, devout, godly;
cultivated area (Eg.); usable, useful, practicable, serviceable,
(ukmya) the governmental agencies; fitting, suitable, appropriate ( for); (pl.
m. a-ia health office; awli) advantage, benefit,
( mma) public welfare, interest, good, welfare
commonweal; in s.o.s (salaf) the worthy ancestors, the venerable
interest; ( mafsada) in forefathers; ( sair) passable,
good and bad times, for better or for practicable (road); ( amal) fit
worse; in s.o.s favor, for the for action, ready for use, serviceable,
benefit of s.o., to s.o.s advantage, on practicable; valid ( for), applicable ( to);
behalf of s.o., in s.o.s interest; ( mm) public welfare,
to serve s.o.s interests commonweal; ( with foll. genit.) in
mala administrational, favor of, for the benefit of, to the
official, governmental advantage of, in the interest of s.o. or s.th.;
do.; it was in his
tal restoration, restitution, interest; ( akya) personal
mending, fixing, overhauling, repair, interests
improvement, amelioration
a-lit the good works, the
mulaa peace, conciliation; good deeds
compromise; composition, settlement
muli peacemaker, conciliator
 muli peacemaker, conciliator; taalluf vainglory, bragging,
reformer, reformist; salt boasting, conceit, arrogance, pomposity,
muala and self-importance
generally accepted, universally followed, mutaallif vainglorious,
commonly established, conventional, bragging, boastful, showing off, pompous,
customary; (pl. -t technical term, blustering, swagering
terminus techniques II to perform the salat ( see below),
alada ( alda, ulda) to be pray, worship to lead people
or become hard, firm, solid, compact in prayer; to pray for; (of God) to
(ground) IV = I bless s.o.: ( sallam) God
bless him and grant him salvation! (eulogy
ald pl. ald hard, firm,
after the name of the Prophet Mohammed)
solid, dry, barren, arid (ground); rigid,
lifeless, inert alh pl. alawt
salat, the official Islamic prayer ritual;
ulda hardness, firmness,
intercession, intercessory prayer,
solidity (of the ground)
benediction; blessing, grace (of God)
( It. salsa) ala pl. -t and sauce ( rabbnyra) the Lords
mayonnaise prayer; a prayer performed
alala to ring, clink, clank; to clatter, during the nights of Ramadan;
rattle, II taalala do. vesper prayer (Chr.)

alala clank(ing), clatter(ing), muallin prayer, worshiper

clash, rattle muallan place of prayer, oratory
alsl dry clay, argillaceous aln salon, parlor, reception room
earth
all i (aly) to roast, broil, fry ( s.th.);
muala = shallow, shoal, flat -- aliya a (alan, uly, il) to burn
alia a (ala) to be bald (intr.; or in); to be exposed to the
blaze of ( or )II to warm, heat (
ala baldness s.th. with or on) IV = II ( s.th. on or
ula, alaa bald pate, bald head with); to make ( s.o.) burn ( in. esp.
in the fire) ( gaira) to
ala2, al2, pl. ul, make s.o. undergo the most excruciating
uln bald(-headed) pangs of jealousy; to set s.th. on
abbreviation of the eulogy following the fire; to fire at s.o. or s.th. (mil.) V to warm
name of the Prophet Mohammed: o.s., seek warmth ( at, by, by the
( all, allam) God bless him and fire) VIII = V( yual bi-
grant him salvation! nrih) invincible, a great hero
alifa a (alaf) to boast, brag, bluster, mualan fireplace
swagger V = I amma (1st pers. perf. amimtu) a (amm,
alaf vainglory, bragging, amam) to be or become deaf; --
boasting, conceit, arrogance, pomposity, amma (1st pers. perf. amamtu) u (amm)
self-importance 523 to close, plug, cork, stopper ( s.th., e.g.,
a bottle) II to deafen ( s.o.); to make up
alif pl. ulaf2
ones mind ( to do s.o.); to make up
vainglorious, bragging, boastful, showing
ones mind ( to do s.th.), determine (
off, pompous, blustering, swagering;
upon, to do s.th.), resolve, be
braggart, boaster, show-off, swaggerer,
determined ( to do s.th.), decide (
fourflusher
on, to do s.th.); to persist ( in); to
deoign ( s.th.); to plan ( s.th.), design (
s.th. for) IV to be or become deaf; to
 deafen ( s.o.), make (. s.o.) deaf ( , to
s.th.) VI to give a deaf ear ( to)
imma plug, cork, stopper
deafness to be deaf
to s.th.
imm pl. -t plug, cork, stopper;
valve, tube (radio) ) )s.
al-amn (al-amn) safety valve; O
rectifier tube; to let s.th. ( , or or to, into, toward), to turn,
take its course, give free rein to s.th. (also
to a feeling)
O ammma embolism (med.)
amm innermost, heart; core,
essence, marrow, pith; true, sincere,
genuine ( . il-qalb) from
the bottom of the heart, wholeheartedly,
most sincerely; ... amid, in;
to affect s.o. to the very core,
touch s.o. most deeply
cordial, hearty
aamm2, f. amm2, pl.
umm, ummn deaf; hard and solid,
massive (rock); the deaf one, epithet
of the month of Rajab ( fil)
triliteral verb with identical second and
third radical, verbum mediae geminatae
(gram.); ( alak) stone-deaf;
( jadr) irrational or surd root (math.),
willing tool
tamm determination ( for, to
do s.th.), resolution, decision; resolute 524
action; tenacious pursuit (of a plan);
planning, projecting; design, designing
(e.g., of a dress); (pl. t, tamm2)
plan; design; sketch
designed by so-and so
muammim determined ( to do
s.th.) fashion creator,
designer
amata u (amt, umt) to be
silent, be taciturn, hold ones tongue, hush
up, be or become quiet or still II to silence
( s.o.) IV = II
amt silence silently,
quietly
umt silence; pl. of act.
participle
amt silent, taciturn
mit pl. umt silent
silent film
muammat uniform (color);
plain, unpatterned, blank (wall); uniform
in texture, made of a single material;
massive, solid, not hollow, compact
imk pl. amika auditory meatus
amada u (amd) to betake o.s., repair, go
apply o.s. ( or or to s.th.); -- (
umd) to defy, hrave, withstand (
f wajhih or s.o., s.th.), to stand up (
or against s.o. or s.th.), resist,
oppose ( or s.o. or s.th.); to hold
out ( or against); -- i to close,
plug, cork, stopper ( s.th., e.g., a bottle)
II to betake o.s., repair, go ( to s.o., to,
toward), to close, plug, cork, stopper (
s.th., e.g., a bottle), to save, lay by
(money) III to come to blows, fight ( with
s.o.)
amad lord; eternal, everlasting
(epithet of God)
amadn eternal, everlasting
imda (ir.) headcloth (worn by
men)
amama to persist ( in)
aumaa pl. awmi2 monks
cell, hermitage; silo (for grain storage);
(mor.) minaret
II to gum ( s.th.); to paste, glue ( s.th.)
IV to exude gum (tree)
samg pl. umg gum, resin
mucilage; ( arab)
gum arabic; s. al-lakk shellac;
( marin) rubber, caoutchouc;
( hind) do.; ajar a-.
rubber trees
amg gummy, gummiferous,
gumlike, mucilaginous
tamg gumming; resinification
1
amala u (aml) to be firm, be hard, hold
ones ground, stand firm, hold out, last,
endure
aml rigidity, stiffness,
( jf) rigor mortis
 2
amla pl. awmil2, fabricate, design ( s.th.); to work, treat,
mla pl. awml2 nut (of process ( s.th.) to do s.o.
a bolt), rivet a favor; do.; to do
imlk pl. amlk2 earwax, s.th. to s.o.; to do s.o. a
cerumen dirty trick II to industrialize ( s.th.) ill to
cooperate, go along ( with); to flatter,
IV to deal ( s.o.) a fatal blow, to hit ( , cajole ( s.o.); to bribe ( s.o. with) V to
s.o., s.th.) fatally ram fa- pretend, feign, stimulate, fake, sham,
am to shoot and hit, shoot dead on the affect ( s.th.); to speak or write in an
spot artificial, affected, stilted, or mannered
ann basket way; to use means for enhancing her
beauty (woman) VIII to order,
inna odor emanating from the commission ( s.th.); to create ( s.th.)
armpit synthetically; to produce, manufacture,
unn odor emanating from the make, fabricate ( s.th.); to pretend, feign,
armpit fake, assume falsely ( s.th.); to invent (
s.th.); to make ( s.th. into), take, use (
innra pl. annr2 hook, s.th. for); to commit, bind ( s.o. to) X
fishhook 525 to have ( s.o.) make ( s.th.)
anbr pl. anbr2 (water) an, an production,
faucet, tap manufacture, fabrication, making, design,
look up alphabetically make, workmanship . al-yad
handwork; bad a-an of
antm pl. -t centime (1/100 franc)
wonderful workmanship
1
anj pl. unj cymbal (mus.)
an artificial, synthetic
2
inja = 1
un benefit, favor
3
anajt castanets
ana work, workmanship,
anjaqya see making, manufacture, fabrication; art;
indd pl. andd leader, notable; technical skill, artistic skill; work, craft,
brave, valiant trade, business, occupation, vocation,
profession artisan,
undq, andq pl. andq2 craftsman; expert, specialist
crate, box; chest; trunk, suitcase; case,
cabinet; money box; till, coffer; pay an: . al-yad skillful,
office, treasurers office; any public skilled, dexterous, deft
institution where funds are deposited and ina pl. -t, ani2 art,
disbursed for a special purpose (e.g., sick skill; occupation, vocation, calling,
fund, health insurance, etc.) business, profession; handicraft; trade,
post-office box; mailbox; craft; industry; pl. branches of industry,
. an-naqd ad-duwal industries honorable,
International Monetary Fund; respectable trade; the
savings bank; ( eg.) hunchback; artisans, craftsmen; rajul a-.
treasurer; daftar industrialist; ( iraf)
a-. cashbook artisans and tradesmen
andal sandalwood; sandals; (pl. ani artificial, synthetic,
andil2) (freight) barge; lighter, barge imitation; workmanlike, handicraft, trade
look up alphabetically (adj.); industrial; artisan, craftsman
1
anaa a (an, un, an) to do, in artificial, synthetic,
make ( s.th.); to arrange, stage, put on ( imitation; workmanlike, handicraft, trade
s.th.); to produce, build, manufacture, (adj.); industrial ( sirr)
 industrial secret; ( fann) applied compilation, composition, writing; (pl.
arts, artistic handicraft 526 tanf2) literary work
an action, acting, doing; act, tanfa assortment, selection
deed; fact; good deed, benefit, favor; muannif author, writer
charge, protg; creature, willing tool;
meal, repast, banquet muannaf pl. -t literary work
ana pl. ani2 action, anfara to rub with sandpaper, to
deed; good deed, good turn, benefit, favor; sandpaper, to emery (s.th.)
charge, protg; creature, willing tool anfar and anfara emery
2
mana pl. mani factory, anam pl. anm idol, image
plant, mill, works; establishment, firm;
also: large structures, installations, inw pl. inwn, an one of
man-made works )( two, twin brother
manufacturers, industrialists anaubar stone pine (Pinus pinea; bot.)
manaya wages, pay abb a-. pine nut, pinon
tan industrialization anaubar pine (adj.). piny,
pine-like; pineal ( gudda)
taannu hypocrisy, dissimulation, pineal gland
dissemblement; affectedness affectation,
mannerism ah pst! hush! quiet!
iin production, making IX and XI ihbba to be or become
reddish, red-brown
iin artificial, synthetic,
imitation ahab2, f. ahhb2, pl.
uhb reddish; wine
ni pl. unn maker,
producer, manufacturer, creator; artisan, ahada a (ahd) to scorch, parch, burn (
craftsman; worker, workman, laborer; s.o., s.th., esp. of the sun)
servant ahd beat
product, produce; pl. ahd scorching beat, blaze
(industrial) products, produce, articles,
manufactured goods uhd scorching heat, blaze

mutaanni subtilizing, ahara a (ahr) to melt, fuse, smelt (

overrefining; affected, stilted, mannered s.th.) III to become related by marriage (
or to s.o.) IV to become related by
muana artificial, synthetic; marriage ( or to s.o.) VI to be related
affected, simulated, imitated, sham, by marriage VII to melt, fuse; to melt
bogus, phony ( mift) away, vanish, break (intr.) 527
duplicate key, masterkey ihr relationship by marriage; --
2
an Sana (capital of Yemen) (pl. ahr) husband of ones
daughter, son-in-law; husband of ones
II to sort, assort, classify, categorize ( sister, brother-in-law
s.th.); to compile, compose, write ( a
book) ahr molten, in fusion
anf, inf pl. anf, mahir2 (pl.) smelting furnaces;
unf kind, sort, specimen; article (com.); blast furnaces
genus, species, class, category; sex; in O mihar pl. -t fuse (el.)
kind (as oppose to: in cash)
muhara relationship by
tanf classification. marriage; O affinity
Categorization, sorting, assorting;
 inihr melting process O
silk al-ins. al-wq fuse (el.)
ihrj, ahrj ahrj2 cistern;
large (water) container, tank
ahala a i ( ahil) to whinny, neigh
(horse)
ahl whinny(ing), neighing
ahwa pl. ahawt, ih back (of a
horse)
aub direction, quarter; that
which is right, proper, or correct; auba
(prep.) in the direction of, toward, to
( adabin) or
or ( fajjin) from all
sides, from all directions, from all
quarters, from everywhere;
every place, everywhere, all over, in
all quarters
ayyib rain cloud

ahyn2, also ihyaun2 Zion ba pl. -t harvest (tun.)

ahyn, ihyaun Zionistic, awb that which is right, proper,

Zionist or correct; right, proper, or correct;
rightness, correctness, properness; reason,
ahynya, ihyaunya Zionism intellect, mind, consciousness;
1
) )ba u (aub, aibba) to awban rightly, justly he
hit ( s.th., the target); to be right, hold is right; ( aqq) to
true, be to the point, hit the mark, be act in exactly the right manner, pursue the
pertinent, be apposite (opinion) right course; )( to regain
( am aqlaa) by all means, under all ones reason, get back to ones senses,
circumstances II to direct, fix ( s.th., become reasonable again;
also, e.g., the glance on, to), aim, point, to lose ones mind; to
train ( s.th. at or on); to agree ( with lose consciousness;
s.o.), concur ( with s.o., in s.th.), unconscious, senseless 528
consent, assent ( to s.th.), approve ( of awab2 more pertinent, more
s.th.), sanction ( s.th.) IV to hit ( a apropos, more apposite, more proper,
target); to attain, reach, achieve ( s.th., more correct
e.g., end, purpose); to reach out ( for
s.th., of the hand); to get, obtain, win, gain awabya advisability,
( e.g., a fortune), acquire ( s.th. e.g. a expediency
certain amount of knowledge); to have, tawb aiming; turning, pointing;
eat ( a snack); to take ( a meal); to (pl. -t) correction, rectification
befall ( s.o.), fall ( upon s.o.), happen (
to s.o.); to allot ( to s.o. s.th.), bestow ( isba pl. -t hit; goal, score (in
upon s.o. s.th.), make ( s.th.) fall to sports); injury, wound; state or process of
s.o.s ( )lot; to cause losses ( to s.o.); to being afflicted (by a disease), (attack of)
be right, be in the right; to do the right illness, sickness; accident i.
thing, hit the mark; to do right, properly ( al-amal industrial accident;
s.th., expressed by a verbal noun); to say maall al-i. scene of the accident
the right word; pass uba to be istiwb approval
stricken, attacked, afflicted ( by a ib pertinent, apropos, apposite,
disease, and the like); to be killed right, correct; suited, appropriate
( ibt) to score, make goals (in
sports); ( amalih) to do right, mub pertinent, apropos,
act properly; to incur multiple apposite, right, correct; suited, appropriate
wounds; ( bi-kasratin) to muba pl. -t, maib2
suffer a loss; ( ibatan) to misfortune, calamity, disaster
be hard hit, be grievously afflioted X
istauaba to approve ( of s.th.), mub stricken, befallen,
sanction ( s.th.) attacked, afflicted ( by); injured,
wounded, sick, ill; wounded person,
casualty; victim of an accident;
 misfortune, calamity, disaster
grievous misfortune, mournful event,
death
2
( Turk. soba) be stove (syr.)
) )ta u a (ut) to ring, sound,
make a noise or sound; to raise ones
voice, about II = I; to vote, cast ballots (at
an election)
aut pl. awt sound (also
phon.); voice; tone, strain; melody, tune;
noise; fame, renown; vote; pl.
interjections (gram.) bud a-
. fame, celebrity; raj a-.
echo, reverberation; ilm al-a.
phonetics; qwat a-. volume,
intensity (radio); audibly;
aloud; ( wi) softly,
in a low voice, under ones breath
aut sonant, sound- (in
compounds), vocal, sonic, acoustic;
resounding, resonant, sonorous; phonetic
autyt phonetics
uwt crying, shouting, clamor
t (good) repute, standing,
prestige; fame, renown; celebrity,
famousness bud as.-. fame,
celebrity; famous, celebrated,
well-known
sayyit loud-voiced, having a
stentorian voice; O loud-speaker (Syr.)
O miwt microphone
tawt voting, vote, casting of
ballots, polling (election)
it sound- (in compounds) O
sound film
muawwit voter; entitled to vote,
franchised
look up alphabetically
II to dry ( s.th.)
soda ( kwiya) caustic soda,
sodium hydroxide; ( nitrt)
sodium nitrate
( Lat. sodium) sodium
II to form, shape, mold, fashion, create (
s.th.); to paint, draw, sketch ( s.o.,
s.th.); to illustrate (with drawings or
pictures, s.th.); to make a picture (
of s.o., of s.th.); to photograph ( s.o.,
s.th.); to represent, portray ( s.th., fig.)
( uwwira) it appeared to him,
seemed to him 529 V = pass. of II; to
imagine, fancy, conceive ( s.th.); to think
( s.o., s.th.) to be s.o. or s.th. ( ;)to
seem, appear, look ( to s.o.)
( aqlu) unimaginable, inconceivable,
unthinkable
r horn, bugle; see also below
ra pl. uwar form, shape;
pictorial representation, illustration;
image, likeness, picture; figure, statue;
replica; copy, carbon copy, duplicate;
manner, mode; ratan formally
total picture, overall picture;
( mutaarrika) motion picture, film;
, motion-picture theater,
cinema; ( amsya) photograph;
( ibqa l-al) true copy;
exact replica (fig.); undistorted picture;
( mukabbara) enlargement,
blowup (phot.); in human
shape; ( jalya) obviously,
evidently; perceptibly,
tangibly, palpably; ( ka)
especially, particularly;
(mma) generally, in general;
(mukabbara) increasingly, on a larger
scale, to an increasing degree;
noticeably, markedly;
( kmiyya) chemically, by
chemical means; in case
that ..., if; ( muaggara) on
a reduced scale, in miniature

muawwa withered, dried (herb, r, war formal; superficial;

etc.) false, sham, deceptive, fallacious;
artificial, fictitious, seeming, fancied,
1
) )ka u = ska u imaginary
2
IV to listen, lend ones ear ( or to tawr drawing, sketching;
s.o., to s.th.) representation, portrayal, depiction;
name of the letter illustration; painting; photography, also
 ( ams); take (in motion sga forming, shaping, molding,
picture taking) camera fashioning, creating; -- (pl. iyag)
shape, form; external form; wording, text,
tawra pl. tawr2
version (e.g., of a letter, of a treaty);
pictorial representation, image, picture,
formula (in general, also math., chem.);
illustration
jewelry, gold and silver articles; (gram.)
taawwur pl. -t imagination form the active (gram.);
(also philos.), fancy, fantacy, idea; the passive (gram.); in a
conception, concept (philos.) decided form, in no uncertain terms
taawwur existing in iyga composing, drafting,
imagination only, imaginary, fancied, wording, forming, formulation,
fictitious O ( madhab) fashioning, molding, shaping;
idealism (as a philosophical school) goldsmithery, goldsmithing
muawwir pl. -t former, shaper, mag jewelry, jewels, gold and
fashioner, creator; painter; photographer; silver articles
cameraman (motion pictures); draftsman,
ig pl. uyyg, ga,
commercial artist, illustrator
uwwg goldsmith, jeweler
the Creator of the Universe;
( kahrab, qalb) magt gold and silver
electrocardiograph jewelry, goldsmithery, jewelry
2
muawwira camera look up alphabetically
muawwar illustrated; -- (pl. -t) f pl. awf wool
photographers studio; motion-picture
f of wool, woolen; Islamic
studio m. al-jugrfiy
mystic, Sufi
atlas
2 fiya Sufi way of life;
r2 Tyre (town in S Lebanon) Sufism (Islamic mysticism)
1
pl. n chicken, chick fn tinder, touchwood, punk
(syr.)
2 fna tinder, touchwood, punk
au (eg.) to peep, cheep, squeak
awwf wool merchant
VII to turn on ones heel; to obey, yield,
give in, submit ( to s.o. to s.th.) at-taawwuf Sufism (Islamic
mysticism), the Sufi way of life;
pl. awu, aw, mysticism
n saa, a cubic measure of
varying magnitude tit for tat; al-mutaawwifa the Sufis,
( radda, ain) or to pay members of Sufi communities, mystics
s.o. back fiy Sofia (capital of Bulgaria)
twofold, bring double retaliation on s.o. 1
) )la u (aul, aula,
a salon, parlor, reception room iyl) to spring, jump, leap ( on),
1 attack, assault ( s.o.) II to pan, wash
) )ga u (aug, iyga) to form, out ( grain, gold) III to vie, compete (
shape, mold, fashion, create ( s.th.); to with s.o.)
formulate ( s.th.); to coin ( a word); to
fabricate, invent, make up ( a lie) aula pl. -t attack, assault; force,
( dahab, fia) to work in gold tyranny, despotism, arbitrariness
and silver, practice the art of goldsmithing 2
( Turk. sol) approx.: sergeant major,
aug forming, shaping, molding, technical sergeant (Eg.)
fashioning, creating 530 approx.: master sergeant;
approx.: quartermaster sergeant (mil.)
 aulajn pl. awllija staff with
a curved end; polo mallet; scepter, mace
) )ma u (aum, iym) to
abstain ( from s.th.); to abstain from
food, drink, and sexual intercourse; to fast
aum abstention, abstinence,
abstemiousness; fasting, fast; fasting
during the month of Ramadan, one of the
five principal duties of the Muslim
the Great Fast = Lent (Chr.);
d . al-gufrn Yom ) )a i (ai, iy) to cry,
Kippur, Day of Atonement (Jud.)
iym fasting, fast
iym Lenten fare
im pl. -n, uwwam,
uyyam, iym fasting (adj.); faster,
one who fasts
a-oml Somaliland
omal Somali (adj. and n.)
aumaa see
) )na I (aun, iyna) to
preserve, conserve, keep, retain, maintain,
sustain, uphold ( s.th.); to maintain (
e.g., a machine, an automobile); to
protect, guard, safeguard, keep, save (
s.o., s.th. from); to defend ( s.o.,
s.th. against) V to uphold ones honor, live
chastely, virtuously (woman); to shut o.s.
off; seclude o.s. protect o.s.
aun, preservation, conservation,
guarding, keeping; susten(ta)tion,
upholding; maintenance, upkeep, care;
531 protection, safeguard(ing), securing,
defense; chastity, respectability
honorary title or ladies of high
social standing
iwn, uwn pl. awina
cupboard, case
awwan (coll.; n. un. )flint;
granite
awwn: ( adawt) his fantasy (of a story)
flint implements
iyna = aun . as-samak fisher, fisherman;
malak a-. guardian angel (Chr.)
in preserver, sustainer,
maintainer, keeper, guardian, protector;
protective
man well-protected, well-kept,
guarded, sheltered; chaste, virtuous
(woman); also an epithet for women
wa pl. uwan stone landmark, trail
mark
aw i (uwy) and awiya a (awan) and
II to dry up, wither, wilt; -- aw to peep,
cheep, squeak, chirp, screech
see
yell, shout; to scream, screech; to crow; to
utter, let out ( aiatan a cry); to call
out ( to s.o.), shout, bellow, bawl ( or
at s.o.) II to cry out (loud), roar,
bellow, bawl VI to shout at one another,
call out to one another; to clamor, raise a
din
ai crying, clamor
aia (n. vic.) pl. -t cry, outcry,
shout . al-arb battle cry,
war cry; ( arsala) to utter cries;
to utter a cry; within
shouting distance;
(aiatan) to die unheard (call)
iy crying, clamor, cry, outcry;
cry of a bird
ayy crier, loud-mouthed
person; noisy, clamorous, vociferous,
crying
tayu crying, clamor, roar,
bellow(ing)
1
) )da i (aid) to catch (in a trap),
trap ( game); to hunt ( game); to hunt
down ( game); to catch ( fish) V to
hunt for prey; to hunt down (s.th.); to
catch ( s.th.); VIII = I
( akir) to fish in troubled waters
aid hunting, hunt; angling, fishing
(also . as-samak); game,
venison, prey, quarry ( .
kaylih) dreamed up by him, a product of
ayyd pl. -t hunter; fisher
kingfisher (zool.)
aid Sidon (city in Lebanon)
 miyada pl. mayid2 trap,
snare; net; hunting or fishing implement
mayada pl. mayid2
fishery, fishing grounds (also )
2
d name or the letter
aidalya apothecarys trade; pharmacy,
pharmacology
aidal pl. aydila
pharmacist, druggist, apothecary
aidaln pharmacist, druggist,
apothecary
aidalya pl. -t pharmacy;
drugstore
aidalyt drugs, pharmaceutics
) )ra i (air, airra,
mar) to become ( s.th.); (with foll.
imperf.) to begin, commence, start to ...,
come to ..., get to ..., get into a situation
where ..., get to the point where ...; to set
in, occur, happen, come to pass, 532 take
place; to fall to s.o.s ( )lot, befall (
s.o.); to betake o.s., come, get ( or
to); to arrive ( at); to end, wind up (
with), result ( in); to lead,
bring s.o. or s.th. to; ( yuru) one
proceeds to ..., one will eventually..., one
will wind up with ... II to induce ( s.o.) to
become ( s.th.), make ( s.o. into s.th.,
out of s.o. s.th.)
r crack (of the door); small salted
fish
airra (act or process of)
becoming, development; end, outcome,
upshot, result
mar development, progress
(e.g., of work); -- (pl. mayir2)
place at which one arrives; end, outcome,
upshot, issue, result; fate, destiny, lot; life;
see also under self- the Arabic language
determination (pol.); m. kull
ayyin the way of all flesh
tayr cession, transfer (jur.)
iya pl. ayin spur of the VI = I
rooster
see
) )fa i (aif) to be summery; to
spend the summer, estivate ( or in)
( zamnu am at) at all
times, under all circumstances II, V, VIII
=I
aif pl. ayf summer
aif summery, estival, summer
(adj.) daylight-saving time
maf pl. mayif2
summer residence, summer resort; rest
center, holiday camp
itiyf summering, summer
vacationing
ifa summer(time)
muf summer resort; (pl. -n)
vacationist, summer visitor
a-n China; the Chinese
China
Chinese (adj. and n.); porcelain,
china
nya (syr. nya, leb. ainya)
pl. awn a large, round metal plate
with raised brim, esp. one made of copper,
used as baking tin, serving tray and table
top; turntable, ( mutaarrika);
pl. chinaware, porcelain vessels
wn pl. -t, awwn2 (large)
tent, pavilion, marquce
d name of the letter ;a sound
peculiar to Arabic, hence: ahl a-
. the Arabic-speaking peoples, the Arabs;
do.; the Arabic-
speaking countries; lugat a-.
aula u ( ala, ala) to be
small, tiny, little, scanty, meager, slight,
sparse, feeble, faint, thin; to diminish,
dwindle, wane, decline, shrink, decrease
ala ( ila) smallness,
littleness, tininess; minuteness, scantiness,
meagerness, slightness, sparsity, paucity,
feebleness, faintness, thinness; waning,
 dwindling, diminution, decrease; book, record, register ( s.th.); to measure
shrinking, shrinkage; small number off exactly, measure out ( s.th.), take
exactly the right amount, the right
ala = alah
proportion ( of) VII to be detained, be
al pl. il, ual2 held back, be held up; to be regulated, be
small, tiny, minute, little, scanty, slight, kept in order, be disciplined; to be
meager, sparse, feeble, faint, thin determined, be established, etc. (pass. of
taul = ala abaa)

ma checkers ab capture, apprehension,

an sheep (coll.)
an, n mutton (meat) check(ing); control; seizure, impoundage,
in sheep
abba i (abb) to take hold ( of s.th.);
to keep under lock, put in safekeeping,
guard carefully ( s.th.) II = I; to bolt (
the door) IV to be foggy (day)
abb pl. abb, aubb,
ubbn lizard
abb (eg.) front teeth
abba pl. -t, ibb door bookkeeping;
bolt, latch; wooden lock
adb fog, mist
abara u to gather, collect, assemble
abra, ubra and ibra
pl. abir2 file, dossier
ubr file, dossier
abaa a (ab) to blacken ( s.th., said
of fire); to snort (horse)
abaa u (ab) to grab, grasp, seize,
catch, apprehend, arrest, detain ( s.o.,
s.th.), take hold ( of s.o., of s.th.); to
keep, hold, retain ( s.th.); to tackle
resolutely, master, overcome ( s.th.),
cope (a with s.th.); to have ( s.th.) under
control, have command ( over s.th.); to
restrain, hold back, keep down, subdue,
check, curb, control ( s.o., s.th.); to
seize, distrain, impound, confiscate (a
s.th.); to do ( s.th.) accurately, precisely,
meticulously, or well; to render precise,
define precisely ( s.th.); to regulate,
adjust ( s.th., e.g., techn.); to determine
precisely ( kalimatan the spelling and
pronunciation of a word), vowel(ize) ( a
word); to observe strictly, keep exactly (a
time); to regulate, settle, put or keep in
order ( s.th.); to correct (a s.th.); to enter,
arrest(ing), detention; restraint,
suppression, subdual, curb(ing),
distraint, confiscation; accuracy,
correctness, exactitude, precision;
vowelization; correction, amendment,
settlement; regulation, adjustment of an
apparatus (techn.); (pl. ub)
protocol, minutes, procs-verbal; entering,
entry, record, registry; aban
accurately, exactly, precisely, punctually
= aban; . al-
ar cadastral survey;
. a-ahwa
abstemiousness, continence;
( aqrya) cadastral survey;
self-control, self-command;
jahz a-. control apparatus,
controlling device;
( rin) unvowel(iz)ed
abya police station; police
mabaa pl. mabi2
protocol, minutes, procs-verbal
inib discipline
lajnat al-in disciplinary board
bi controlling device, control,
governor, regulator (techn.); prepositor
534 entrusted with discipline (in Eg.
schools); (pl. ubb) officer; (pl.
awbi2) general rule, canon,
(moral) precept or order senior
officer; subaltern officer;
. a-aff pl.
noncommissioned officer;
bi a-aut volume control (radio);
aff . pl.
noncommissioned officer;
( gair) completely unrestrained, out of
all control
bia police; (pl.
awbi2) curbing force, order
 mab accurate, exact, correct,
right, precise
ab, abu f. pl. ib, abu uj late riser, slugabed,
hyena
VIII to take under ones arm
ibn armpit
ajja i (ajj, ajj) to be noisy,
boisterous; to clamor, about, raise a hue
and cry IV = I
ajja cry, yell, outcry; clamor,
noise, din, row, hubbub, tumult
ajj cry, yell, outcry; clamor,
noise, din, row, hubbub, tumult
ajj roaring, bellowing,
screaming, crying
ajjj violently roaring,
bellowing, screaming, crying, boisterous,
uproarious
ajira a (ajar) to be angry, annoyed,
irritated, exasperated ( or at, about);
to be dissatisfied, discontent, displeased (
or with); to sorrow, be worried,
uneasy ( or about), be disquieted,
grieved, troubled ( or by, over) IV to
anger, vex, irritate, trouble, torment (
s.o.), disquiet, discomfit, aggrieve ( s.o.)
V=I
ajar annoyance, irritation,
vexation, anger; dissatisfaction;
discontent, displeasure; sorrow, worry,
grief
ajir annoyed, irritated, angry,
vexed; morose, sullen; dissatisfied,
discontent, displeased, uneasy, restless;
worried, grieved, troubled
mujir annoying, irritating,
exasperating, irksome, tedious
mutaajjir = ajir
ajaa a (aj, uj) to lie on laughter
ones side, lie down; to lie, recline, be
prostrate; to sleep III to lie, have sexual
intercourse ( with a woman) VII = I
VIII ( and ajaa) = I laughingstock
aja (n. vic.) lying position,
lying, recumbency; slumber
ujaa, uja late riser, slugabed,
sluggard, lazybones; lazy, sluggish, inert
sluggard, lazybones; lazy, sluggish, inert
aj one sharing the bed;
bedfellow; comrade, companion
maja pl. maji couch,
bed he lay down (to sleep);
aqaa majaah or
or ( majaah) to
deprive s.o. of sleep
muji bedfellow
muaji couch, bed
aaa to vibrate, dicker (mirage); to
shatter, break, crush II to vibrate, flicker
(mirage)
a shallow, shoal, flat
(water)
aika a (ak, ik, aik) to
laugh ( or at, about, over); to jeer,
scoff, jibe ( or or at s.o., at s.th.),
deride, ridicule, mock, scorn ( or or
s.o., s.th.) ( bi-mili
535 idqaihi) or ( mila) to
grin from ear to ear;
(durrin munaadin) (to laugh by
showing stringed pearls, i.e., the teeth), to
show a toothy smile; to grin from ear to
ear; ( daqanid; pl. )
(eg. syr.) to fool s.o., make a fool of s.o.,
pull s.o.s leg, make fun of s.o., lead s.o.
around by the nose ( with s.th.), put on
an act for s.o.; ( daqanih) to
laugh in s.o.,s face II to make ( s.o.) laugh
III to joke, jest, banter ( with s.o.) IV and
X to make ( s.o.) laugh ( about)
( takl) (that which makes a
woman who has lost her child laugh =)
irresistibly comical VI to laugh
ak, ik, aik laugh(ing);
aka (n. vic.) pl. -t laugh
uka object of ridicule,
auk frequently, or constantly,
laughing; laugher
 ak frequently, or constantly, al-a. the Day of Immolation, i.e., the 10th
laughing; laugher; joker, jester, wag, of Zulhijja
buffoon uya pl. ahy2
2
uka pl. ahik object slaughter animal, blood sacrifice,
of ridicule, laughingstock; lark, spree, immolation
hoax, practical joke taiya sacrificing, immolation;
aak2 more ridiculous, more (pl. -t) sacrifice
laughable, more ludicrous, funnier, more
in: sunlit
comical
iya pl. awin
maaka object of ridicule,
surroundings, vicinity, outskirts; suburb
laughingstock
muaan place where one has
ik pl. awik2 breakfast 536
laughing . as-sinn cheerful,
gay, sunny akka u (akk) to spurt, spout, squirt (
water)
muik ridiculous, laughable,
ludicrous, droll, funny, comical; miakka pl. -t squirt, spray(er);
comedian, buffoon, jester pump ( jaba) suction
( qia tamtlya) comedy pump; ) )fire engine;
suction pump
al shallow, shoal, flat; a shallow, a
shoal akuma u ( akma) to be or become
big, large, bulky, heavy, gross,
)and ( a u (aw, uuw) to voluminous II to inflate, blow up ( s.th.)
become visible, appear; -- aiya a ( V to swell, become inflated; to expand,
alan) to become visible, appear; to distend
be struck by the suns rays II to sacrifice,
offer up, immolate ( s.th.) to akm pl. ikm big, large, sizable,
sacrifice o.s.; to sacrifice great (also of a name, of prestige); bulky,
life and property (properly: the soul and gross; heavy, voluminous, huge, vast,
that which is precious) IV to be, become; ample, colossal; stout, corpulent, plump,
with foll. imperf.: to begin, start, buxom; magnificent, splendid, gorgeous,
commence, or set about to (do s.th.); to luxurious, pompous
come to ..., get to ..., get to the point (midfaya) heavy artillery
where ..., get into a situation where ... akma bigness, largeness,
awa pl. aawt forenoon; greatness; bulkiness, grossness; heaviness;
morning volume, voluminosity; stoutness,
plumpness, corpulence, obesity; pomp,
uan (m. and f.) forenoon splendor
( asyatin wa-uh) over
night, from one day to the next, all of a takm inflating
sudden taakkum inflation; swelling,
aya forenoon; -- (pl. expansion, dilation, distention; (monetary)
ay) slaughter animal, blood sacrifice, inflation, also (( ( naqd)
immolation; victim or distention of the spleen (med.)
(ayatah) to fall victim to, become a muakkim pl. -t amplifier
victim of s.th. or s.o. m. a-aut loud-speaker
aan (coll.; n. un. ah) III to be contrary, opposed, contrasting,
slaughter animal, blood sacrifice, antagonistic, inverse; to act, set o.s. (
immolation d al-a. the against), antagonize ( s.o.), contravene,
Feast of Immolation, or Greater Bairam, violate ( s.th.), be opposed ( to), be
on the 10th of Zulhijja; yaum contradictory ( to s.th.), act contrary to
 s.o. or s.th. ( )VI to be opposed to each
other, be contradictory, contradict one
another
idd pl. add an opposite, a
contrary, contrast; word with two opposite
meanings; adversary, opponent; antitoxin,
antidote, anti- (in compounds); idda
(prep.) against to do or lesser of the two evils
think the opposite, take an opposite stand
iddiya contrariness,
oppositeness, opposition; enmity,
hostility, animosity
mudda contrast, opposite,
contradiction
tadd contrast, opposite,
contradiction
mudd opposed, opposite,
contrary, counter-, contra-, anti- (in
compounds); pl. antidotes
( abal) contraceptives; and
( aarya) insecticides; (tubu) necessity knows no laws
( li-l-fasd) antiseptics
mutadd contrary, opposite
arra u (arr) to harm, impair, prejudice,
damage, hurt, injure ( s.o., s.th.), do
harm, be harmful, noxious or injurious (
to s.o., to s.th.) II to damage, harm,
prejudice III = I; IV = ( or ;)to
force, compel, coerce, oblige ( s.o.
to); to do violence ( to s.o.), bring
pressure to bear ( on); to add a second
wife to one'. household V to be damaged,
harmed, impaired, prejudiced, hurt, or
injured; to suffer damage or loss; to
complain ( of, about) VII to be
damaged, harmed, impaired, prejudiced,
hurt, or injured; to suffer damage or loss
VIII to force, compel, coerce, oblige (
s.o., to); -- pass. uurra to be forced,
compelled, obliged ( to); to be in an
emergency or predicament, be hard
pressed; to be in need ( of s.th.) need,
want ( s.th.)
urr, arr damage, harm,
impairment, prejudice, detriment, injury,
hurt; loss, disadvantage
irr, urr addition of a second wife
to ones household 537
arra pl. -t, arir2 wife
other than the first of a plural marriage;
udder
arar pl. arr harm,
damage, detriment; loss, disadvantage
what does it matter? whats the
harm of it? akaff a- the
arr distress, adversity
( sarr) in good and bad
days, for better or for worse
arr blind
arra pl. -t necessity, stress,
constraint, need; distress, plight,
emergency, want, austerity; arratan
necessarily necessarily;
in case of need, if need. be, when
necessary; ( quw) in case
of dire necessity, if worst comes to worst;
arr necessary, imperative,
requisite, indispensable, inevitable; pl.
arryt necessaries, necessities
to be necessary;
. al-ayh necessities of
life; exigencies,
requirements of the situation
maarra pl. -t, marr2
harm, damage, detriment, loss,
disadvantage for)
itirr compulsion, coercion;
necessity, exigency, requirement; plight,
predicament, emergency in
case of emergency
iirr coercive, compulsory,
inevitable, necessary, obligatory
rr harmful, injurious,
detrimental, noxious, disadvantageous
muirr harmful, injurious,
detrimental, noxious, disadvantageous (
to, for)
muarr forced, compelled,
obliged ( to); poor, destitute; wanting (
s.th.), in need ( of s.th.)
araba i (arb) to boat, strike, hit
( s.o., s.th., with; with s.th. on;
s.o. on); to shoot, fire ( at s.o., at
s.th.), shell, bombard ( s.o., s.th.); to (ar) to throw s.o. or s.th. to the ground;
play ( a musical instrument); to ( kayl) to be in the clouds,
make music; to type (on a typewriter); to be unrealistic; to want the impossible;
sting (scorpion); to separate, part ( ( bi-rasih al
people); to impose ( on s.o. s.th.); adrih) to let ones head sink to the chest;
to turn away from, leave, forsake, ( bi-sahmin mubin) to
abandon, avoid, or shun s.o. or s.th.; -- take an active part in;
(arb, arabn) to pulsate, (wa-nabin) to participate in, share s.th.;
palpitate, throb, boat (vein, heart); to ache ( bi-irq) do.;
(violently), hurt (wound, tooth); to move, ( urda l-.) not to give a hoot for
stir; to rove, roam about, travel ( in, s.th.; to disdain, despise, reject s.th.; to
through), loiter, stroll (in streets); to cruise throw s.th. overboard, jettison s.th.;
(ship); to migrate (bird); to incline ( to a ( naarih) to turn ones glance to;
color), shade ( into a color); -- ( ( bi-wajhih ibih) to
irb) to cover, mount ( the camel mare) boomerang, fall back on the originator;
( ajalan) to fix a date for ( kalima) to efface, strike, or
s.o.; ( aruzza) to hull rice; erase, a word; ( afan) to
( ar) to travel; turn away s.o. or s.th.; to disregard, ignore
(bya) to paint or daub s.th.; to s.o. or s.th., pay no attention to, pass over
knock on the door; ( jaras) to s.o. or s.th.; to take futile
ring the bell; ( aqnan) to steps; to beat the air;
administer a syringe, give an injection; (sabata ayyamin) he decided to stay
( kaan) to draw a line; seven days; ( ayym) fate
( li-asdsin) and separated me from him,
to brood, rack ones brain in drew us apart II to mix, blend (
order to find a way out; to be at ones s.th. with); to sow dissension, cause
wits end; to intrigue, scheme; to build air trouble ( among); to quilt ( a fabric)
castles; to daydream; III to contend, vie, fight ( with s.o.); to
(kaimatan) to pitch a tent; speculate IV to turn away ( from),
(raqma, qiysya) to break a record; leave, abandon, forsake, desert, avoid,
( salm) to give a military salute; shun ( s.o., s.th.); to remain, stay, abide
to impose a tax ( on s.o.); ( in) ( jaan) to be
( anbah) to take root, prepared for s.th., make up ones mind to
prevail (at a place); to take s.th. upon o.s.;
settle down, take up permanent residence (afan) to desist, abstain from;
in a place; ( ban) to make ( amal) to stop work, to strike;
brick; ( adadan f kara) ( am) to go, on a hunger strike
to multiply a number 538 by another; VI to come to blows, brawl, fight, strike
unuqah) to behead, decapitate one another; to be divided, differ, conflict,
s.o., have s.o.s head cut off; clash, be contradictory (opinions, and the
(qllabah) to imitate s.th.; like) VIII to clash, surge, lap (waves); to
(kaffan) to slap s.o.s face; be set, or get, into a state of unrest,
(matalan) to apply a proverb to; turmoil, excitement, commotion, tumult,
( matalan) to give s.o. an example, agitation, be or become agitated, troubled;
point out a model for s.o.; to to be in a lively stir, move about, bustle,
give an example; to quote as an example ( hustle, romp; to sway, reel, waver; to be
or s.th. for); to or become disturbed, unsettled,
impart words of wisdom, point out disorganized, disarranged, disordered,
morals; to mint money; confused, entangled, upset, restless,
( mauidan) to agree on time or place uneasy, or anxious; to tremble, shake
of a meeting, make an appointment;
( ) ) umra, afra) to arb beating, striking, hitting,
shade into red (into yellow); rapping; shooting, shelling, gunning,
bombing, bombardment; multiplication; tarub opposition,
coining, formation; minting (of money); -- contradiction, inconsistency, discrepancy,
(pl. urb) kind, sort, specimen, incompatibility, conflict, clash (of
species, variety; last foot of the second opinions, and the like)
hemistich; (pl. arb) similar, like idirb pl. -t disturbance,
and ( money) mint; disorder, disarray; confusion, muddle,
. ar-raml geomancy;
perturbation; disorganization, disruption,
shooting, tiring, shelling, gunning, upset, derangement; trouble, commotion,
bombardment; to unrest, riot (also pol.); restlessness,
level a weapon, bold a weapon ready to restiveness ( aabya)
fire; he and the likes of him nervous disorders
arba (n. vic.) pl. arabt blow, awrib2 pl. of rib
knock, punch; thrust, push, jolt, shock; besting, striking, etc. the
stroke, lash; shot; plague, affliction, trial, arteries; ( air) migratory birds
tribulation, punishment .
a-ams sunstroke, heatstroke; marb appointed, agreed
(qiya) fatal blow, deathblow ( for); upon, fixed, determined (time, date,
. jaz penalty kick (in soccer) place); multiplicand (math.)
539 multiplier (math.)
irb copulation (of a female muarraba quilt, comforter
animal) murib pl. -n speculator
arb beaten, struck, smitten, bit; mutarib conflicting,
similar, like one of the irreconcilable, incompatible, divided
caliber of Sheik So-and-So (opinions, and the like); contradictory,
arba pl. arib2 discrepant, inconsistent
imposition, impost; levy, tax, duty; muarib disturbed, disordered,
character, nature . ad-dakl disarrayed, unsettled; confused, muddled,
income tax; . kasb perturbed; upset, disrupted, disorganized,
al-amal wage tax; . al- deranged; uneasy, restive, agitated,
malh admission tax, entertainment tax excited, anxious; weak, insufficiently
marib pl. madrib2 supported (tradition)
camp site; camp; place, spot, locality; mutarab playground (fig.)
way, path; large tent, marquee
( ) )m. al-maal) to be see arb
proverbial, be exemplary, be unique, be araja u (arj) to spot, stain, befleck,
cited as an example; m. aruzz smear ( s.th. with blood) II = I V to
rice-hulling facilities redden, be or become red
mirab pl. marib2 muaraj: m. al-
large tent, marquee, pavilion; bat, mallet; yadain with bloodstained hands; (caught)
racket (tennis, etc.); whisk, beater (e.g., red-handed, in the act
for eggs); swatter, flyswatter; piano
ar pl. dari2, aria
mirb bat, mallet, racket (ball grave, tomb; mausoleum
games, tennis)
arasa i (ars) to bite firmly or fiercely
muraba pl. -t speculation ( s.th.); -- darisa a (daras) to be dull (
(stock exchange); silent partnership (Isl. the teeth from acid food and drink)
Law), limited partnership, partnership in
commendam irs pl. ars,
urs molar tooth . al-aql
irb pl. -t strike wisdom tooth 540
 arb ars fierce,
murderous war
tars2: t. al-ar II to set ( a dog on game); to provoke
elevations, undulations of the ground;
t. al-wajh wrinkles of the face
ara i (ar, ar, ur) to hound, hunting dog
break wind
ar (n. un )wind, fart
ur wind, fart
araa a, arua u ( ara) and
ara a (ara) to be humble,
submissive ( toward s.o.), humiliate
o.s., abase o.s. ( before); to implore,
beg, beseech, entreat ( s.o.) III to be
similar, be equal ( to s.o., to s.th.), be
like s.o. or s.th. ( ), resemble ( s.o.,
s.th.) V and VIII to humiliate o.s., abase
o.s. ( before); to implore, beg, beseech,
entreat ( s.o.)
ar pl. ur, ir senility, dotage
udder, teat ( zar)
agriculture and stock farming
ir like, alike, similar
ara submissiveness,
humbleness; imploring, begging, entreaty,
supplication
muraa likeness, similarity,
resemblance
taarru imploring, begging,
entreaty, supplication
ri frail (of a person)
muri like, alike, similar;
(gram.) imperfect
argam pl. argim2 lion
irgm pl. argima lion nervous debility;
arama a (aram) to catch fire, be on
fire, burn, flare, blaze; to break out, flare
up (war) II to kindle, light ( fire)
to set s.th. on fire, set fire to s.th.
IV = II; V to burn, flare, flame, be ablaze
(also of emotions, of passion) VIII = I
irm burning, blaze, flare; fire,
conflagration
iirm burning, flare, blaze;
fire, conflagration
muarim burning, flaming, on
fire
( s.o.) to a fight ( with)
irw pl. arin, ir
arwa greed, voracity
rin voracious, ferocious, savage,
rapacious; (pl. awrin) beast of
prey, predatory animal
aaa to tear down, demolish, raze,
ruin, undermine, weaken ( s.th.) II
taaaa to decline, decay, become
dilapidated, perish; to become weak or
weaker, wane; to dissolve, fall apart
(organization)
aaa demolition, razing;
sapping, undermining; debility, frailty,
feebleness . al-kibar
mutaai dilapidated,
decayed; weakened, debilitated; weak,
frail, feeble; submissive, humble
aufa u (uf) to be or become
weak, weakly, feeble, frail, delicate,
debilitated, impotent, languid, flabby, or
slack; to become weaker, wane, decrease,
diminish, abate, be attenuated; to be too
weak ( for s.th.) IV to weaken,
enfeeble, debilitate ( or , s.o., s.th.) X
to deem ( s.o.) weak; to behave
arrogantly ( toward s.o.) 541
uf, af weakness, feebleness,
frailty; weakening, enfeeblement,
debilitation weakness of
will; ( aab) neurasthenia,
. at-tansul
sexual impotence
af pl. m. uaf2,
if, aafa, pl. f. aif2
weak, feeble; frail, weakly, delicate,
debilitated, impotent, languid, flabby,
slack; deficient (as a school-report mark)
weak-willed; .
al-aql dim-witted, feeble-minded;
. al-qalb weak-spirited,
pusillanimous, meek, faint-hearted,
despondent, cowardly; my own
 insignificant self, I (as an expression of
modesty)
if weakening, enfeeblement,
debilitation; impairment
mustaaf deemed weak;
weak; oppressed, miserable
2
II to double, redouble ( s.th.); to
multiply, compound ( s.th.) III do. ( or
s.th.) VI to be doubled, be compounded,
be multiplied
pl. if pl. af double,
that which is twice as much; a multiple,
that which is several times as much, (after
numerals) -fold; fold of a garment; pl.
interstice, space miatu ifih a
hundred times as much, the hundredfold
of it; taltatu afih thrice as
much, the threefold of it; a.
afih many times as much, e.g.
) mablagu inig compressibility
murattabah afa a.) this amount was
many times as much as his salary;
afan muafatan many times,
a hundred-fold
taf2 contents, text (of a
piece of writing); folds; space between the
lines; (as an expletive after (
within it, therein contained
muafa doubling,
compounding, multiplying; pl. -t
complications (of a disease)
tauf doubling, multiplying
muaaf twofold, double;
multiplied, compounded, increased many
times
muaf twofold, double;
multiplied, compounded, increased many
times; see also if
aa, ia see
agata a (agt) to confuse, muddle, mix
up ( a story)
lIiM pl. agt bunch,
bouquet; mixture, muddle, jumble, maze
confused dreams; afara i (afr) to braid, plait ( hair),
( ibla) to make a thing worse
agaa a (ag) to press, squeeze ( ,
s.o., s.th.); to compress ( air); to exert
pressure ( on); to oppress, suppress (
s.o., s.th.), beer down heavily (
upon) VII to be pressed, be squeezed, be
compressed
ag pressure; emphasis, stress;
oppression, suppression; voltage, tension
(el.) ( jaww) atmospheric
pressure; . ad-dam and
( damaw) blood pressure;
. al-haw air pressure;
( . ar-ray al-mm) under the
pressure of public opinion
aga (n. vic.) pressure
O ugya (wind) pressure
g nightmare
O madgi2:
(hawya) compressors
tagu compression (phys.; as
opposed to takalkul) 542
gi: compressor
madg: ( haw)
compressed air
agina a (agan) to bear a grudge,
harbor (secret) hatred ( against), recent
( s.o.) VI to harbor a grudge against
one another
ign pl. agn rancor,
spite, grudge, malice, malevolence, ill
will, (secret) hatred
agin malicious, malevolent,
rancorous, spiteful, resentful
agna pl. agin2 rancor,
spite, grudge, malice, malevolence, ill-
will, (secret) hatred
iffa crowd, throng, jam (of people)
iffa, affa pl. iff bank,
share; coast
afaf poverty, destitution
ifdi, afda pl. afdi2 frog O
( baar) frogman (mil.)
interweave, interlace, intertwine ( s.th.);
to twine ( a rope) II = I; III to help,
assist, aid ( s.o.) VI to help one another (
to do s.th.); to be tightly interwoven,
 be tied up, be closely connected ( with);
to be connected (evidence)
afr pl. ufr (saddle) girth
afr pl. ufur (saddle) girth
afra pl. afir2 plait;
braid, tress, pigtail; plaitwork, wicker-
work; galloon, lace; strand, hank, skein;
plexus (anat.)
) )daf u (afw) to be abundant,
copious; to flow over IV to allot
generouely ( s.th. to); to grant, award
( s.th. to); to let s.o. or s.th. ()
have ( s.th.); to fill ( s.th. with); to
wrap, envelope ( s.th., with), spread
( s.th. over)
afwa: . al-ai an or acquainted, be conversant ( with); to
easy, comfortable life
fin abundant, copious, ample;
detailed, elaborate, extensive
alla i ( all, alla) to lose be conversant ( with)
ones way, go astray; to stray ( or
from the way); to err ( sayuh)
his effort was in vain II to mislead, lead
astray, misguide ( s.o.); to delude,
deceive ( s.o.) to delude o.s. IV
= II; to make ( s.o.) lose his way ( ;)to
let ( )s.th. get lost
ull error
all a straying from the right
path or from truth; error O
color blindness, dichromatism
alla error
ulla pl. all2 error
maalla occasion, or possibility,
of going astray
tall misleading, misguidance,
delusion, deception
ill misleading, misguidance,
delusion, deception
ll pl. awll straying,
roaming, wandering; astray, lost;
erroneous, false
lla goal of persistent search,
object of a long-cherished wish
do.
muallil misleading, misguiding,
deceptive, delusive, fallacious
muill misleading, misguiding,
deceptive, delusive, fallacious
alaa a (al) with : to aide with s.o.,
make common cause with s.o.; -- alua u
( ala) to be otrong, sturdy, 543
robust; -- ala a (ala) to be crooked,
bent, curved, to curve II to crook, bend,
curve ( s.th.) V to be jammed, crammed
( with); to be versed, skilled, proficient,
knowledgeable ( in), be conversant, be
thoroughly familiar or acquainted (
with), be at home ( in a field of
knowledge) VIII to be versed, skilled,
proficient ( in), be thoroughly familiar
assume, take over, take upon o.s. ( s.th.,
a task, financial expenses, a job, and the
like) X to be versed, skilled, proficient (
in), be thoroughly familiar or acquainted,
al affection, attachment
he sympathized with him, he is on his
aide
il, il pl. ul,
al, alu rib; cutlet, chop; side (of
a triangle); the chest, the breast
. al-birml barrel stave;
mutasw l-a. equilateral (geom.);
he had s.th. to do with
the matter, he had a hand in it, he played a
role in the affair
al strong, sturdy;
knowledgeable, experienced, skilled
ala strength, sturdiness,
robustness (of the body)
mualla ribbed; polygonal; (pl.
-t polygon corrugated iron
mutaalli versed, skilled,
proficient ( in), thoroughly familiar,
conversant ( with); expert ( in)
( Turk. dolma) olma stuffed food
(e.g., eggplants stuffed with meat and
rice)
amma u (amm) to bring together, join,
draw together, contract ( s.th.); to add
(up), sum up ( s.th.); to gather, collect,
reap, harvest ( s.th.); to unite, bring
 together ( persons); to embrace, hug (
s.o.); to join, subjoin, annex ( s.th.
to), add, attach ( , s.o., s.th. to), unite
( , s.o. , s.th. with); to combine
(within o.s. different things); to close,
compress ( the lips); to grasp, grip, grab,
seize ( s.o., s.th.); to get ( s.o.) into a
predicament (said of fate); to pronounce
with the vowel u ( a consonant; gram.)
to close the ranks; bandage, band, ligature; carrying on of
(adrih) to press s.o. to ones bosom,
embrace s.o.; ( zaujatah) he
embraced his wife VI to unite, rally, join
forces VII to close, draw or crowd
together, be closely packed; to be joined,
united, or combined ( with), unite, join
forces ( with); to be added, be annexed
( to); to associate, affiliate ( with); to
enter, join ( an organization, and the
like); to comprise, include, encompass,
embrace, contain ( s.th.)
amm addition, subjunction;
gathering, collecting, rallying, joining,
uniting, amalgamation, fusion; admission,
enrollment; the vowel u (gram.)
amma the vowel point for u; (pl.
-t) embrace, hug
amma pl. amim2 s.o. V to become lean, emaciated VII to
addition, supplement; increase, raise (of
salary)
tamm: together with,
jointly with
inimm annexation ( to),
joining ( of), union, association,
affiliation ( with); entry, enrollment (
into an organization, and the like),
accession ( to)
mamm closed, tight,
compressed (mouth)
munamm: close order
(mil.)
O munamma accessory,
attachment (techn.) 544
imill to disappear, vanish, dwindle,
fade away, molt away; to decrease,
become less
imill disappearance,
vanishing, evanescence; fading
mumaill vanishing,
evanescent, fading; damped (oscillations,
waves; phys.)
amaka u (amk) and II to oil, anoint,
rub, perfume ( , s.o., s.th. with)
amada u i (amd, imd) and II to
dress, bandage ( s.th., esp. a wound)
imd bandaging (of a wound);
several love affairs (of a woman)
imda dressing (of a wound),
bandage
muammid (ir.) male nurse
muammida o compress; (ir.)
nurse
amara, amura u (umr,
umr) to be or become lean, emaciated,
skinny, thin, slim, slander; to contract,
shrink II to emaciate, make lean, thin, or
slender ( s.th.) IV = II; to secrete,
conceal, hide, keep secret ( s.th.
in ones heart), keep ( s.th.) to o.s. (
;)to harbor, entertain ( a feeling
toward, against) ( arra) to
boar s.o. a grudge, harbor ill will against
dry up, wither, wilt, shrivel
umr emaciation; leanness,
skinniness, thinness, slenderness, slimness
umr emaciation; loanness,
skinniness, thinness, slenderness,
slimness; atrophy (med.)
imr: ( ain) bad debt
(i.e., a debt deemed uncollectible)
amr pl. amir2 heart;
mind; innermost; conscience;
(independent or suffixed) personal
pronoun (gram.)
compunctions, contrition, repentance;
ayy a-. conscientious,
scrupulous; murt a-. of
peaceful mind; unscrupulous
mimr pl. mamr2 race
course, race track; arena; field of activity,
field, domain
imr concealment (of a
thought), mental reservation; ellipsis
(rhet.)
 mir loan, skinny, thin; slander,
slim, svelte
mumar secret, hidden, covert;
(independent or suffixed) personal
pronoun, also ( ism; gram.)
amina a ( amn) to be or
become responsible or liable, be guaranty,
give security or guaranty, vouch ( or
for), warrant, ensure, safeguard, guarantee
( to s.o. s.th.); to insure ( s.th.
against) to be absolutely
certain of s.th. II to have ( s.th.) insured (
against); to insert, include, enclose (
s.th. in s.th. else) V to comprise,
include, comprehend, imply, embrace,
contain ( s.th.) VI to be jointly liable,
have joint responsibility ( for s.th.); to be
solidary, be in accord, stick together
imn inside, interior; imna
(prep.) in, within, inside of, among;
imnan (adv.) inclusively, implicitly,
tacitly tacitly comprised,
implicit; min imni (with foll.
genit.) included in, implied in, belonging
to, falling under; among them;
( mubaratan) directly and
indirectly
imn included, implied; hidden,
implicit, tacit 545
amn responsibility, guaranty,
warrant, surety, security, liability,
assurance, saveguard; insurance
( jam) collective security;
( mutarak) do.; of
limited liability, Ltd.; irkat anw, inw children
a-. insurance company
amn pl. uman 2 emaciated, gaunt, enervated, or worn out;
responsible, answerable, liable ( for);
warrantor, bail(sman), bondsma, surety,
guarantor ( for)
amna guaranty, surety,
warrant(y), collateral, security, bail
aman2 offering better guaranty
tamun mutuality, reciprocity;
joint liability; solidarity
irkat at-t. commercial company of joint
liability
min responsible, answerable,
liable; warrantor, bail(sman), bondsman,
surety, guarantor
mamn guaranteed, ensured,
warranted; insured (object); (pl.
mamn) content, purport, meaning (of a
letter, and the like)
registered (letter); ( dain)
bonded, or funded, debt (fin.)
muamman included, implied
mutamin mutual, reciprocal;
solidary, united in solidarity
anna (1st pers. perf. anintu) a and
anna (1st pers. perf. anantu) i (ann) to
keep back ( s.th.), be sparing or stingy (
toward s.o. with), withhold (
from s.o. s.th.), (be)grudge ( s.o.
s.th.) ( bi-maaqqatin) to
shun no effort for the sake of
ann: ( annan) in order to
spare s.th., in due consideration of
ann niggardly, avaricious,
stingy; sparing, thrifty, economical,
scanty, meager, poor, insufficient
anuka u (ank, anka) to
be straitened, cramped, confined
(circumstances); to be weak, be exhausted
ank poverty, distress, straits
( ail) a hard, wretched life
manik2 straits, hardships
munik weak, exhausted
aniya a (anan) to become or be lean,
to pine away, be consumed (with grief) IV
to emaciate, debilitate, weaken, enervate (.
s.o.); to exhaust, wear out ( s.o.); to
undermine, sap ( the health); to consume
( s.o.; of anxiety, and the like)
anin, lean, emaciated, gaunt,
languished, wasted, worn out, enervated;
exhausted; consumed with grief, careworn
anan weakness feebleness,
debility, exhaustion, emaciation; grief
munan lean, emaciated, gaunt,
languished, wasted, worn out, enervated;
exhausted; pining away, wasting away
 ahada a (ah) to suppress, oppress, treat illumination = dim-out;
unjustly, persecute ( s.o.) VIII = I mib al-i. incandescent lamp
iihd pl. -t suppression, mu shining, luminous, bright
repression, oppression, maltreatment, d name of the letter
persecution, enslavement
) )ra u (aur) to harm, injure,
muahid oppressor, tyrant, damage, prejudice ( s.o., s.th.), inflict
persecutor damage ( upon); to suffer violent
ahr pl. uhr summit, top (of a hunger, starve to death V to writhe with
mountain) pain; to writhe, wince, be convulsed (
with pain. with hunger)
III to be similar, alike, or corresponding;
to resemble ( s.o. s.th.), be like s.o. or aur violent hunger
s.th. ( ), correspond ( to s.o., to au noise, din, uproar
s.th.); to compare ( , s.th. with;
-- two things); to imitate ( s.o., s.th.) auan noise, din, uproar
ahn O menopause, climacteric ) )a u (au) to spread, diffuse,
546 emanate (fragrance); to be fragrant,
exhmale fragrance V = I
ay similar, (a)like,
corresponding, analogous look up alphabetically
muhh similarity, aw i to resort, have recourse ( to); --
resemblance, likeness, correspondence, awiya a to be lean, thin, spare, slight,
analogy; comparison ( with) scrawny IV to weaken, debilitate (,
s.o. s.th.), to harm, injure, damage,
muh similar, (a)like, prejudice ( s.o., s.th.) VII to join,
corresponding, analogous follow ( s.o.), attach o.s. ( to s.o.), to
) )a u (au) to gleam, rally, flock ( around, ) around
beam, radiate, shine II to light ( s.th., a or under s.o.s banner)
lamp), to illumine, illuminate ( s.th., win thin, lean, spare, slight,
e.g., a house) IV = I; to shed light, out scrawny
light ( upon, over); to light, illumine, ) )ra i (air) to harm, injure,
illuminate ( s.th.); to enlighten ( s.th., damage, prejudice ( , s.o., s.th.), inflict
the mind) V = I; X to be illumined, be lit, damage ( , upon)
to seek light, to seek (to obtain)
enlightenment or insight ( by, through, air harm, damage, injury,
in, with), to let o.s. be enlightened or prejudice; wrong, iniquity, offense
guided ( by) qisma z unjust division
au pl. light; brightness, ) )a i (ai, ay) to get lost,
glow . a-ams sunlight, be lost ( for s.o.), to lose itself,
sunshine; . al-qamar disappear; to perish II and IV to ruin, let
moonlight; searchlight; perish, thwart, frustrate, mar, destroy (
. an-nahr daylight; ( with s.o., s.th.); to lose. forfeit ( s.th.), be
foll. genit.) in the light of, under the deprived ( of s.th.); to waste, squander,
circumstances of, as seen from ...; sped uselessly ( s.th.); to neglect, omit (
according to s.th.); to miss, let go by ( s.th.), let slip (
au luminary, light- (in s.th., e.g., an opportunity)
compounds) ( sana) light-year (aqqah) to forfeit ones right;
a-aifa ayyati l-labana
iy light, brightness, glow (invar.) approx.: you have let the
ia lighting, illumination opportunity go by, you milled your
( muqayyada) restricted chance; ( awbah) to lose
 ones mind; ( fura) to make miyf hospltable; hospltable
s.o. miss an opportunity; ( waqt) host
to waste time mufa hostel, guesthouse, inn
ai loss 547 mayafa guest room; guesthouse
aia pl. iy landed estate, ifa addition, apposition;
country estate, domain; small village, subjunction, annexation, appending,
hamlet attachment, augmentation,
ay loss; ruin, destruction, supplementation; assignment, allocation;
perdition . al-waqt loss of ascription, attribution ( to); genitive
time construction (gram.) ( ajal)
limitation (of a legal transaction; Isl.
y na what a loss!
Law); in comparison with, in
miy prodigal, squandering, relation to; with respect to, regarding ...;
wasteful; squanderer, wastrel, spend-thrift with regard to, in consideration of; in
tay waste, squandering, addition to, beside;
dissipation; neglect, omission moreover, furthermore, besides

ia waste, squandering, if additional, supplementary,

dissipation; neglect, omission auxiliary, contributory, extra; secondary,
i. al-waqt waste of time subsidiary, tributary, accessory,
incidental, side-, by- (in compounds);
i pl. uyya, iy relative (philos.)
(getting) lost; poor, wretched, miserable
ifya relativity (philos.)
maa ruin, destruction,
perdition, lost; -- mua, ( li-l- muf host
waqt) waste of time, loss of time mufa hostess; air hostess,
muayyi prodigal, squandering, stewardess
wasteful muf added, subjoined,
) )fa i ( iyfa) to stop or adjoined, apposed; construct state (gram.)
stay as a guest II to take in as a guest, the second, or governed,
receive hospltably, entertain ( s.o.) IV = noun of a genitive construction (gram.);
II; to add, subjoin, annex, attach ( moreover, furthermore,
s.th. to); to admix ( s.th. to); to besides
connect, bring in relation ( s.th. with); ) )qa i (aiq) to be or
to ascribe, attribute, assign ( s.th. to become narrow, straitened, cramped,
s.o.) ( isman) to annex a confined; to become too narrow, too
noun (the first member of a genitive confined ( for); to be anguished, uneasy,
construction) to another (the second depressed, dejected ( because of, by, at,
member; gram.); ( aif) about); to become or be tired, weary ( of
whats more ..., moreover..., furthermore s.o., of s.th.) ( aru) to be
, VII to be added, be annexed, be at a loss, be at ones wits end;
subjoined, be attached ( to) X to invite (aytu) life depressed him, 548 he had a
s.o, ( )to be ones guest bad time, he was bad off;
aif pl. uyf, ayf, (subulu) to be at a loss, be at the end of
fn guest; visitor ones tether, be at ones wits end;
( daran) not to be up to s.th.. be
iyfa hospltable reception, unable to do or accomplish s.th.; not to be
entertainment as guest, accommodation; able to stand or bear s.th., be fed up with,
hospltality you are my be tired of, feel uneasy about, be
guest oppressed by; do.;
(adruh) to be annoyed, angry;
( yaduh) to be incapable of; to be too
poor to II to make narrow or narrower,
narrow (down), straiten, cramp, tighten,
confine, constrain, restrain, restrict,
contract ( s.th.); to pull tight ( s.th.,
e.g., a dress); to harass, oppress, beset,
besiege, beleaguer ( s.o.); to keep (
s.o.) short ( in s.th.) to
tighten the blockade; to
restrain o.s., take restrictions upon o.s. III
to vex, annoy, anger ( s.o.); to harass,
oppress, beset ( s.o.); to trouble, bother,
inconvenience, disturb, hinder, hamper,
impede, affect gravely ( s.o., s.th.),
bear down heavily ( upon); to cause
trouble ( to s.o.) VI to be or become
narrow, to narrow; to become annoyed,
become irritated; to be angry ( at, about)
q narrowness; tightness,
closeness; confinement, restriction,
limitation, constraint; shortage, scarcity;
oppression, anguish; dejectedness,
depression, distress; lack, want, paucity,
poverty; care, worry, anxiety; anger,
annoyance, irritation, exasperation;
weariness, ennui . dt al-
yad poverty, destitution; . al-
maqm crampedness lack of space;
do.; small range, limited extent,
narrow scope; . al-yad poverty, look up alphabetically
destitution
ayyiq narrow; tight; cramped;
short, scarce; confined, limited, restricted
. al-kalq illiberal, name of the letter
ungenerous; impatient, annoyed;
. a-adr vexed, annoyed ( over,
at, by), angry ( at, with); upset,
depressed, downcast, dejected;
. al-aql narrow-minded, hidebound,
dull-witted; small-range; of
narrow scope, limited in extent; confined,
limited, restricted
aiqa, qa straitened
circumstances, poverty; anguish
2
ayaq narrower, tighter
maq pl. mayiq2, see
strait(s); defile, (mountain) pass;
narrow(s), stricture
tayq narrowing, tightening;
restriction, limitation; oppression
tightening of the blockade;
( tightening of the rope =) strangling,
suppression
muyaqa pl. -t affliction,
distress, grievance, embarrassment;
obstruction, impediment. disturbance,
harassment, molestation; depressing state;
anger, annoyance, vexation, irritation;
inconvenience, difficulty, trouble,
nuisance
iqa pl. awiq2
predicament, straits, difficulty; critical
situation, crisis . al-ai
straitened circumstances;
(mlya) financial straits
muyiq troublesome, irksome,
wearisome, disturbing, annoying;
nuisance (person)
mutayiq annoyed, vexed,
irritated, exasperated, hungry; hard
pressed
1
) )ma i (aim) to wrong, harm (
s.o.), inflict damage ( upon s.o.); to treat
unjustly ( s.o.) X = I
aim pl. uym wrong,
inequity, injustice; harm, damage,
detriment, injury
abbreviation of qr
ba pl. -t ball
br pl. awbr2 battalion; (eg.)
line, file, single file (of soldiers, of
persons walking one behind the other);
queue the fifth column
biya pl. awbin fortress, fort;
round fortress tower; (eg.) rook, castle
(chess)
jin pl. awjin2 frying pan; (eg.)
shallow earthen pot
pl. -t kiosk, booth, cabin, stall
za fresh, tender, new
za fresh, new
1
and see
2 physician, doctor ( baiar)
s and ws pl.
awws2 peacock
aaa to incline, bend, tilt, bow (
rasah ones head; also used without
) ( ar) medical examiner (jur.);
muai with bowed head
muaa: m. ar-ras abba female doctor, doctress
with bowed head
1
q pl. -t, qn arch (arch.); (pl.
-t) layer, stratum
2
qa pl. -t window
3
qya pl. awq white cotton
skullcap (often worn under the tarboosh:
in Eg. = ;)fatigue cap (of the Eg.
Territorial Army)
see
( It. tavola) wula table abka (n. un.) (article of cooked)
labat a-wila backgammon, tricktrack;
table tennis
abba u i (abb, ibb, tubb) to treat
medically ( s.o., s.th.), give medical
treatment ( to s.o., to s.th.); to seek to
remedy, tackle ( s.th.) II to treat
medically ( s.o., s.th.), give medical
treatment ( to s.o., to s.th.) V to
receive, or undergo, medical treatment,
submit to medical treatment; to practice
medicine, engage in the medical field X to
seek medical advice ( from s.o.), consult (
a doctor)
ibb medical treatment: medicine,
medical science . al-asnn
dentistry, dental science; 2
(baiar) veterinary science;
(ar) forensic medicine; 3
(nafsn) psychiatry; ilm a-.
medical science, medicine;
kullyat a-. medical school, medical
college, (chiefly G. B.:) faculty of
medicine
ibb medical, pertaining to the
medical profession or science
(ibbya) physically fit (e.g., for military
service)
abba pl. -t (eg.) cushion, pad;
plug, stopper, stopple; bung
abib pl. aibba
veterinarian; ( k) physician in
ordinary, private physician (e.g., of a
king); medicine man, shaman;
dental surgeon, dentist;
( jildya) dermatologist 550
ibba medical treatment; medical
profession
tabb healing art, medical
practice, medical profession
mutaabbib quack, quacksalver
abaka a (abk) to cook ( s.th.) VII to be
or get cooked
abk cooking, cookery; cooked
food; O celluloid
food, meal, dish, course
abbk cook
abk cooked food, fare
ibka culinary art, cookery,
cuisine
mabak pl. mabik2 kitchen;
cookshop, eating house, luncheonette
mibak pl. mabik2 any
cooking apparatus (also, e.g., a hot plate),
cooking stove, kitchen range, portable
range
1
abar hatchet, ax, battle-ax
abardr sapper, pioneer (mil.)
look up alphabetically
abarya2 Tiberias (city in Palestine, on
W shore of Sea of Galilee)
abra (syr.) chalk
abr2 chalk
abr chalky, cretaceous,
chalk- (in compounds)
ababa to gurgle, purl (water); to pat,
stroke, caress ( s.o.)
abba bat, mallet, racket (for
ball games)
 abaa a (ab) to provide with an imprint,
impress or impression ( or s.th.); to
impress with a stamp, seal or signet ( or
s.th.), leave or set ones stamp, seal,
mark, or impress ( or on s.o. on
s.th.); to stamp, imprint, impress (
s.th. on); to mint, coin ( money); to print
( s.th.); pass. ubia to have a natural
aptitude or disposition, have a propensity,
be disposed by nature ( for)
( bi-biih) to place, set, or leave
ones stamp, mark, or impress on s.o. or
s.th., impart ones own character to s.o. or
s.th.; ( ubia) to be innate, inherent
in s.o., be native, natural to s.o. II to tame,
domesticate, break in, train ( an animal)
V ( bi-ibih) to take on, shop, printing office, printing house, press
assume, or receive s.o.s peculiar
character, bear s.o.s stamp or impress VII
to be stamped, be printed, be imprinted, be
impressed; to leave an imprint or
impression ( on); to be disposed by
nature ( for)
ab printing (of a book), print; (pl.
ib) impress, impression, stamp,
hallmark, peculiarity, characteristic,
nature, character, temper, (natural)
disposition al-ajar
lithography; typography;
in (the) press, at press (typ.);
muswaddat and musawwadat a-.
proof sheet, galley proof (typ.);
idat a-. reprinting reprint; aban
or by nature, by natural disposition;
naturally! of course! certainly! to be sure!
sayyi a-. ill-disposed, ill-
natured, evil by nature; ) ) the seal;
add a-. eccentric, extravagant
aba pl. -t printing, print;
edition, issue, impression
abb printer
iba art of printing prints; printed matter
printing press
ib typographic(al) 551
aba pl. abi2 nature; innate property of...; ( daur) a
natural disposition, constitution;
peculiarity, individuality, character;
regular, normal manner; physics; natural
science by the very nature of
the case, as is (was) only natural, ipso
facto, naturally, as a matter of course;
physicist; natural scientist;
ilm a-. physics; natural science;
( )( falsafatu) metaphysics;
supernatural; the
nature of things, state of affairs
ab natures, of nature, nature-
(in compounds), natural; inborn, innate,
inherent, native; normal, ordinary, usual,
regular; physical; physicist; natural
scientist; naturalist physicist;
natural scientist; physics; natural
science
maba print shop, printing office,
printing house, press
mabaa pl. mabi2 print
urryat al-m. freedom of
the press
maba printing, printers (in
compounds), typographic(al)
(kaa) and ( gala)
typographical error, misprint, erratum
( eg.) majbag printer
mibaa pl. mabi2 printing
machine, printing press
bi printer; -- ba impress,
stamp, mark, character; (pl. awbi2)
seal, signet; stamp; imprint, print, impress,
impression; (postage,
etc.) stamp; tablet, pill and
postage stamp;
(tadkr) commemorative stamp;
fingerprint; keeper of
to place, set, or leave,
ones stamp, mark, or impress on s.o. or
s.th., impart ones own character to s.o. or
s.th.
mab printed, imprinted;
stereotyped; pl. -t printed material,
bearing the stamp, mark or impress of s.o.
or s.th., being characterized by;
do., being by its very nature ..., having the
periodical; press law
1
II to cover, cover up ( s.th.); to make
coincident or congruent, cause to
coincide, superpose ( two figures;
geom.); to fold ( s.th., also, e.g., the
hands); (eg.) to shoe ( a hors.); to apply (
s.th. to); to be common, universal,
widespread; to spread (also throughout
s.th.), pervade ( s.th.); pass. ubbiga to
be applied, apply, be applicable be
effective be valid large bricks; floor, story (of a building)
(uhratuh) he (it) enjoyed, or achieved,
world-wide fame; ( tuh,
kfiqain) do., his (its) fame spread
throughout the world III to bring to
coincidence, make coincident or
congruent, cause to coincide ( --
s.th. with), correlate, compare, contrast (
-- s.th. with); to adapt, adjust, tally,
trim into shape ( s.th.); to suit, fit, match
( s.o., s.th.), go, tally ( with), adapt
o.s., adjust o.s. ( to s.o., to s.th.); to
correspond ( to s.th.), concur, agree,
conform, be in keeping ( with s.o.,
with s.th.), fit ( into s.th.) IV to close,
shut ( s.th., e.g., the eyes, mouth, etc.);
to cover, cover up ( s.th., also
with ones hand s.th.); to surround,
encircle, encompass ( s.o.); to be
agreed, agree, come to an agreement (
on, about) ( yad) he pressed
my hand V to get or be covered or closed
VII = V; to be applicable, apply ( to),
fit, suit ( s.o., s.th.), hold good (
for), be true ( of); to 552 be in
conformity, be consistent, be compatible,
be in keeping, conform, agree ( with),
correspond ( to s.th.)
ibqa (prep.) according to,
corresponding to, in accordance with, in
conformity with ( ibqan) do.;
( ra, al) true copy; exact
replica
abaq pl. abq lid, cover,
plate; dish, shallow bowl; (round) tray,
salver; ash tray; (pl. , also ibq)
layer, tier; stratum (of the air); pl.
(with foll. genit.) superposed masses,
layered formations, piles, large quantities
of ... flying saucers
yad abiqa closed hand
abaqa pl. -t layer; stratum (of
earth, air, society, etc.); floor, story (of a
building); class, category; generation O
( ukrrya) stratosphere; ubl, abl) drum; bass drum (of the
( najisa) the impure castes, the
pariahs; ( mutawassia) the
middle class(es); arb a-.
class struggle; ilm . al-
ar geology; regarded
as third-rate
baq, biq pl. awbiq2
( ar) ground floor
bq pl. awbq2 large
bricks
ibq (with foll. genit. or suffix)
that which is in agreement, in keeping, or
in conformity with ..., corresponding,
analogous (to s.th.), in accordance (with),
conformable (to), consistent (with),
compatible (with); antithesis,
juxtaposition of contrasting ideas (rhet.)
abq (with foll. genit. or suffix)
sth. in agreement, in keeping, or in
conformity with ..., corresponding,
analogous (to s.th.), in accordance (with),
consistent (with), compatible (with)
tabq adaptation,
accommodation, adjustment; application
tabq applied; practical, serving
practical ends applied
sciences
mubaqa agreement,
conformity, congruity, correspondence
tabuq congruence (geom.)
mubiq corresponding,
congruous, conformable, in agreement or
conformity (with) true,
truthful, veracious, agreeing with the
facts, true to nature, lifelike
mubiq entire, complete, utter,
absolute, total; -- mutbaq pressed; coated,
incrusted ( with gold); subterranean
dungeon, oubliette, underground chamber
( mubaqa) (phon.) the
sounds , , ,
2
abq, ubq (eg.) tobacco
abala u (abl) to beat a drum; to drum II =
I; to beat the drum ( for s.o., i.e., to
campaign, make propaganda for s.o.)
abl drumming, drumbeat; (pl.
Western orchestra)
 abla drum . al-udun
eardrum, tympanic membrane
abla pl. -t, ubal (eg.) look,
padlock
abl drum-shaped
abbl pl. -n, drummer
muabbal moist, damp (ground)
2
abla pl. -t table
ablya pl. -t, abl a low,
round table; turntable; tray, wooden salver
1
abina a to be bright, intelligent
abin bright, intelligent 553
2
bna ( bna) pl. -t a small, in molar tooth, grinder
jar-shaped oven, sunk in the ground, open
on top, used for baking bread; bakery;
(pal., eg.) (bakers) oven
3
abbn pl. -t (wheel) tire
abanja pl. -t pistol
biya pl. look up alphabetically
jin pl. awjin2 frying pan; (eg.)
shallow earthen pot
aa to break, shatter, smash ( s.th.)
( ul) sediment, dregs, less
( il pl. -t, uul spleen,
milt
il splenic
ual inflammation of the spleen,
splenitis
mal having a diseased spleen,
splenetic
ulub (coll.; n. un. )pl. alib2 a sudden? (
water moss
aana a (an) to grind, mill, bray,
pulverize (, s.th., esp. grain); to crush,
ruin, destroy ( s.o., s.th.); to wear out,
wear down ( s.o.), exact as heavy toll ( of
s.o.; age, yean) VI to quarrel, wrangle, be
antagonistic, be in conflict (with one
another), to conflict
in flour, meal
an flour, meal
an mealy, farinaceous
anya (eg.) a sweet made of
sesame-seed, meal and sugar
ana (eg., syr.) a thick sauce
made of sesame oil, and served with
salads, vegetables, etc.
an miller
n and hna pl.
awn2 mill, grinder
. al-haw windmill
miana pl. main2 mill,
grinder
maana pl. maana2 mill;
flour mill
ina pl. awin2 molar
tooth, grinder
O a-abaqa a-ukrrya the
stratosphere
arra u (arr, urr) to sharpen, hone,
whet ( s.th.); to grow; to sprout, come
out (mustache, hair)
urran altogether, all without
exception, one and all
urra pl. urar forelock;
knotted cloth or kerchief
arrr pl. arrara (magr.)
tambourine player; rogue, scoundrel
araa a (ar, ur) to descend,
break in, come ( upon), overtake, befall
( s.o.), happen unexpectedly ( to
s.o.); to occur ( or to s.o., of an idea)
whats got into him all of a
sudden? whats the matter with him all of
fikratun) an idea
occurred to him, he had an idea;
( tabaddulun yudkaru) (no
change worth mentioning came over the
situation, i.e.) the situation remained
substantially unchanged IV to praiae,
laud, extol ( s.o.)
ar fresh, new
ri foreign, extraneous,
extrinsic, unusual; accidental, incidental,
casual, unforeseen, unexpected,
contingent; a new factor or development
intervening suddenly, a contingent; 554
 unexpected visitor; sudden stirring, mitaarbi wearing a tarboosh,
sudden impulses ( e.g., of joy) tarbooshed; hence, in Eg., a member of
the white-collar class, of the educated
ria pl. awri
middle class
unforeseen event, unexpected case, a
contingent; new factor or development; araa a (ar) to throw, cast, fling, toss (
incident, accident state of or s.th. onto or upon); to throw,
emergency toss, or fling away, throw off, discard,
dump ( or s.th.); to remove, drive
urn of unknown origin, wild
away, expel, reject, disown, repudiate (
arbulus2: Tripoli (in or s.o., s.th.): to throw or put ( a
Lebanon); . al-garb Tripoli garment on or over s.o.); to present,
(in Libya) submit ( s.th. to s.o.); to teach ( a
riba a (arab) to be moved (with joy or tune to s.o.); to cede, surrender, yield (
grief); to be delighted, be overjoyed, be s.th. to s.o.); to miscarry, have a
transported with joy II to delight, fill with miscarriage; to deduct, subtract, discount (
delight, enrapture, please, gratify ( s.o.); s.th. from)
to sing, vocalize, chant IV to delight, fill (munqaa, mma) to invite tenders, or
with delight, enrapture, please, gratify ( bide, publicly for s.th. (e.g., the
s.o.); to make music; to sing, vocalize, government for some project);
chant: to play music ( for s.o.), sing ( to ( sulan) to put a question to s.o.;
s.o.) ( masalatan, b. il-bat)
to broach or raise a question, present a
arab pl. arb joy, problem for consideration II to cause a
pleasure, delight, rapture; amusement, miscarriage ( to a woman);
entertainment (with music and the like); (iiran) to throw s.th. far away, fling
music musical instrument s.th. off or away III to exchange ( with
arib pl. arib moved (with s.o. s.th.) ( kalm) to
joy or grief), touched, affected; delighted, converse with s.o., have a talk with s.o.;
enraptured, transported, pleased, charmed to chat with s.o., have a
conversation with s.o.; ( asila)
arb gay, merry, lively to exchange questions with s.o. V to drop,
arab2 more delightful; making fall, or tumble to the ground VI to
better music, being a batter musician; exchange with one another ( e.g.,
more melodious thoughts) VII to be flung, be tossed, be
thrown, be rejected, be expelled, be
irb delight, delectation,
disowned, be repudiated; to throw o.s.
diversion
down, prostrate 555 o.s. (e.g.,
murib delightful, ravishing, on the ground); to be thrown down, be
charming, amusing, entertaining; dropped VIII to throw far away, fling off
melodious; musician; singer, vocalist, or away ( s.th.); to discard, throw away (
chansonnier s.th.)
muriba singer, songstress, ar expulsion, rejection,
vocalist, chanteuse repulsion, banishment, repudiation;
arbza (eg.) table miscarriage, abortion; subtraction,
deduction, discount . al-bar
look up alphabetically (eg.) alleviation, alluvial deposits
arb pl. arb tarboosh, fez ar miscarried foetus
arb tarboooh merchant ara pl. ura veil
muarba wearing a tarboosh, (sometimes embroidered) worn by Arab
tarbooshed women as a headcloth; headcloth, head
veil
 ar pl. ar thrown
down, cast down, dumped; thrown to the
ground, felled, prostrate; expelled,
banished, rejected, disowned, repudiated
bedridden, confined to bed
ara assignment, task
( ugl) job work, piecework (eg.)
arra pl. arr2
mattress; hassock, ottoman
ura dissertation, thesis (Syr.)
mara pl. mari2 place
where s.th. is thrown or at which s.th. is
discarded, a dump; place, spot, location,
locality; seat (in an auditorium)
ir rejection, repudiation
mar thrown down, out down,
damped, thrown off, discarded; lying on
the ground, prostrate; subtrahend (math.)
minuend (math.)
munari thrown down, out
down, dumped, thrown off, discarded;
expelled, banished, rejected, disowned,
repudiated
arkn tarragon (Artemisia
dracunculus; bot.)
arada u (ard) to drive away, chase away,
push away, shove away, reject, repel,
banish, exile, dismiss, drive out, expel,
evict ( s.o., s.th. from); to chase,
hunt, hound ( s.o. s.th.)
( manibih) to relieve s.o. of his
office, dismiss s.o. II = I; III to assault,
attack ( s.o.), launch an attack (
on); to stalk ( an animal, game); to
pursue, follow ( s.o. s.th.), run after
s.o. or s.th. ( ), give chase ( to) VIII
to drive away as booty ( animals); to be
consecutive, be continuous, form an
uninterrupted sequence, succeed one
another continuously; to sow
uninterruptedly, carry water perennially
(river); to progress or get on at a rapid
pace, make good headway (undertaking)
X to proceed (in ones speech), go on to
say, continue ( s.th., e.g., ones speech);
to change, pass on (in speech) (
from -- to); to digress (in speaking), make
an excursus with)
(qaulih) thereupon he proceeded to speak
about ..., then he broached the subject
of ..., after that he went on to say that ...
ard driving away, chasing away,
repulsion, expulsion, eviction, dismissal,
banishment, expatriation; pursuit, chase,
hunt; swarm (of bees); (pl. urd)
parcel, package
(masalata ardan wa-aksan) to study a
problem from all sides, in all its aspects
ard parcel-, package- (in
compounds), like a parcel or package
arda (n. vic.) a driving away,
chasing away, repulsion, expulsion,
eviction, banishment
ard expelled, evicted, ousted,
outcast, outlawed, banished, exiled,
expatriate(d); fugitive, fleeing, on the 556
run; expellee; outcast, outlaw; a-
ardn night and day
arda pl. arid2 game
animal, game beast; game
arrd cruiser (warship); (eg.)
dike, embankment, dam, levee (esp. of the
Nile)
arrda cruiser (warship)
ird pursuit, chase
murada repulsion, expulsion,
banishment; pursuit, chase; hunt
fighter plane, pursuit plane,
interceptor
iird uninterrupted or regular
sequence, continuity
istird pl. -t digression,
divagation; excursus
murid pursuer; hunter
fighter plane, pursuit plane,
interceptor
muarid incessant, uninterrupted,
continuous, continual, unvarying, steady,
constant; general general
rule; m. an-nasaq uniform
(adj.); m. an-nagm monotonous
(song)
II to embroider ( s.th.); to embellish ( a
story); to garnish ( s.th., e.g., a dish
 arz pl. urz type, model, idea; to present ( s.o. with s.th. new or
make, brand, sort, kind; fashion, style novel), give ( to s.o. s.th. new or novel)
V to be on the extreme 557 side, hold an
arz fashion- (in compounds)
extreme viewpoint or position, go to
irz pl. uruz, ariza extremes, be radical, have radical views
type, model, class, make, brand, sort,
arf eye; glance, look
kind, variety, species; fashion, style;
architectural style; embroidery ( ara) he didnt bat an eye;
( kafy) secretly, furtively, discreetly;
old-fashioned, outmoded;
ka-rtiddi -. in the twinkling
do.; musalla bi-adat .
of an eye, instantly
equipped with the latest arms;
( awwal) first-class, first-rate araf pl. arf utmost part,
tarz embroidering, embroidery outermost point, extremity, end, tip, point,
edge, fringe, limit, border; side; region,
irs pl. ars, urs sheet (of area, section; part of, a bit of,
paper); paper some; party (as, to a dispute, of a contract,
aria a (ara) to be or become deaf; -- etc.); arafa (prep.) with, at, on the part or
araa u to vomit, throw up, disgorge II to side of; pl. limbs, extremities; (with
deafen ( s.o.) foll. genit.) sections of, parts of
tarafayi n-nahr in the morning and
ar whitewashing in the evening, mornings and evenings;
ar pl. ur (syr.) hard (of ( arafai naq) they
cattle), flock (of sheep) were at variance, they carried on a feud;
( wa-iyyhu) they
ara deafness held diametrically opposed views or
ra deafness positions; a. al-badan the
extremities of the bod, the limbs;
arai2, f. ar2, pl.
fingertips; ( a.
ur deaf ( aakk2) stone-deaf
qadamaihi) on tiptoe; a. al-
muarri vomitive; emetic madna the outskirts of the city;
2
ur mixed pickles ( mutaqida) the contracting
parties; with, at, on the part or side
arara to brag, boast, swagger, show off of; on the part of;
urr pl. arr2 high, from one end to the other;
the right-wing parties;
conical cap (of dervisheo, clowns, etc.) jdaba arfa l-. to talk, converse, have a
arr and arr (eg., conversation;
syr.) a sort of mayonnaise (made of (barata) to be a highly efficient man, be
ana, parsley, lemon, oil, milk, garlic highly qualified; to give a
and nuts) survey or outline of s.th., summarize, sum
up s.th.; )( to tell
araa to splash, bespatter, splatter (
s.o. an episode (episodes) of ones life
s.o.); to roughcast ( a building, a wall)
arfa: bi-. ainin and
arfa end, tip, point; Jerusalem
in the twinkling of an eye,
artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.; bot.);
instantly; -- ( arfata) not one
truffle
moment
arr tartar, wine stone
urfa pl. uraf novelty, rarity,
arafa, (arf) to blink, twinkle, curiosity, curio, rare object, choice item;
wink, squint (also bi-ainaihi); -- exquisite present; masterpiece, chef-
arufa u ( arfa) to be newly doeuvre; hit, high light, pice de
acquired, be a recent acquisition IV to rsistance
feature or tell s.th. new or novel, say s.th.
new or original, introduce a novel angle or
 arf2 (coll.; n. un. )tamarisk arqa (n. vic.) pl. araqt knock,
(bot.) rap(ping), bang(ing) (e.g., at a door);
blow; one time (= (, arqatain
arf curious, strange, odd; novel,
twice
exquisite, singular, rare, uncommon
urqa way, road; passage,
arfa pl. tarfa rare,
passageway, alleyway, corridor
exquisite thing; uncommon object or piece
(e.g., of art); pl. curiosities, arq m. and f., pl. uruq,
oddities, uncommon qualities uruqt way; road, highway; trail,
track, path; method . al-jaww
arfa novelty, uncommonness,
air route; . al-bar sea route;
peculiarity, oddness, strangeness,
( ras) main road;
curiosity, originality
(mm) public road, highway,
miraf, muraf shawl thoroughfare; ( ummya) do.;
taarruf excess, excessiveness, by way of, via; by means of,
immoderation, extravagance, extremism, through; ( . il-jaww) by air;
extreme standpoint or position, radical by means of, through;
attitude, radicalism wanderer, wayfarer; pl.
qu a-. highwayman, wayfarer,
rif newly acquired brigand; to commit highway
mutaarrif utmost, outmost, robbery; to have sense, be
farthest outward, located at the outermost sensible or normal
point; extreme, extremistic; radical; an arqa pl. ariq2,
extremist, a radical ( jiha) uruq manner, mode, means; way,
outlying district, outskirt(s) method, procedure; system; creed, faith,
taraqa u (arq) to knock, rap, bang ( at, religion; (pl. -t, uruq) religious
on, esp. at a door); to hammer, strike with brotherhood, dervish order
a hammer, forge ( s.th. esp. metal); to directions for use
come over s.o. (), befall ( s.o.; of a uruq pl. -n adherent of a
feeling); to come ( to, upon; also of religious brotherhood
events); to reach ( s.th.), get to s.th. (),
get as far as s.th. ( ;)to come by night miraq and miraqa pl.
( udunah) to strike s.o.s ear, mariq2 hammer
reach s.o.s ear; ( bi-blih) to mirq versatile, many-sided, of
occur to s.o., come to s.o.s mind; varied skills or talents
( dihnih) do.; ( samah) and
irqa (n. vic.) a bowing of the
to reach s.o.s ear, come to
head
s.o.s knowledge or attention; to
tread, travel, follow, take, or use a road; istirq transit permission, free
to treat of a subject, discuss a passage or entry
558 topic; to broach a subject, touch on a riq pl. urrq knocking,
theme II to hammer, strike with a rapping, banging, striking, beating;
hammer, forge, extend ( s.th., esp. metal) nocturnal visitor
IV to bow one's head in silence
( rasah) or to bow ones head riqa pl. awriq2
V to seek to gain access ( to); to misfortune, disaster, calamity
penetrate ( s.th. or into s.th.) to get ( marq much-frequented,
to), reach ( s.th.), arrive ( at); (in a muchtraveled, well-trodden (road, trail,
speech, and the like) to touch ( on a path) a much-discussed,
subject), go into s.th. (), treat of s.th. ( frequently treated subject
( ( akkun) not open to
doubt, admitting no doubt muriq and with
bowed head
 arqaa (eg.) to crack (intr., also trans.: s.o. with), serve food or drink ( )to s.o.
or s.th., e.g., a whip); to crack, crunch ( (( ( j) to appease s.o.s
s.th.) hunger V to taste ( s.th.) X = V; to ask
for food
rima pl. -t kiosk, booth, cabin, stall
am pl. um taste, flavor,
urumba pl. -t pump
savor; pleasing flavor, relish
)and )aruwa u, ariya a (
amya (eg.) patty made of beans,
arwa) to be or become fresh,
and seasoned with onion, garlic and
succulent, moist, tender, soft, mild II to
parsley
make fresh, succulent, moist, tender, soft,
mild ( s.th.); to moisten, wet ( s.th.); to um graft, cion; bait, lure, decoy;
perfume, scent ( s.th.) IV to praise (pl. um) vaccine
(highly), extol, laud ( s.o.), lavish praise ( aim tasty, savory, delicious
on s.o.)
uma pl. uam food; bait;
ary fresh, succulent, new; moist; quarry, catch, bag
tender, soft, mild abaa umata n-nrn to be destroyed by
arwa freshness, succulence, fire; ( li-madfii l-arb)
moistness; tenderness, softness, mildness cannon fodder
. al-kulq gentleness; softness am pl. aima, food,
of character nourishment, nutriment, fare, diet; meal,
iriya vermicelli repast ( araba) to go on
a hunger strike
ir (high) commendation,
praise, laudation, extolment 559 maam pl. maim2 eating
house, restaurant; dining room; mess,
irwda2 (from Fr. Troade) Troy
messhall (on a ship); food m.
zaj look up alphabetically a-ab and soup kitchen
( Turk. tozluk) uzluq pl. azliq2 tam inoculation, vaccination;
gaiter(s), legging(s) inlay work t. al-qarnya
za look up alphabetically transplantation of the cornea (med.)

( It. dozzina) pl. azzin2 dozen im feeding

ast, ist pl. ust basin; washbasin, mam tasted; already known
washbowl aana u a (an) to thrust, pierce, transfix
at, it pl. ut basin; washbasin, ( s.o., s.th. with); to stab ( s.o.); to
washbowl defame, discredit, hurt (with words; or
s.o., s.th.), speak evil ( or of); to
aqand Tashkent (capital of Uzbek contest, challenge, impeach ( a
S.S.R.) judgment), appeal ( against a
alaqa (eg.) to do inaccurately, perform judgment); to refute. disprove ( s.th.); to
sloppily, bungle, botch, scamp ( a job, penetrate, enter ( s.th. or into s.th.)
work) ( sinn) to be advanced in years,
be old; ( qaul) to refute a
alaqa inaccurate, sloppy, or (theological) doctrine VI to thrust each
slipsbod work other; to attack each other, battle one
aima a (am) to eat ( s.th.); to taste ( another
s.th.); to relish, enjoy, savor (A s.th.) II to an piercing, transfixion;
graft, engraft ( s.th.); to inoculate, slandering, calumniation, defamation;
vaccinate ( s.o. with); to inlay ( appeal ( against; jur.), challenge,
s.th. with, e.g., wood with ivory) IV to contestation, impeachment ( of; jur.); pl.
feed, give to eat ( s.o. s.th.), nourish (
 un calumnies, defamations; gin pl. ugh tyrant,
attacks oppressor, despot
ana (n. vic.) pl. aant stab, giya tyrant, oppressor, despot;
thrust; attack; calumny, defamation, bully, brute, gorilla
vilification gt an idol, a false god; seducer,
2
n pl. awn plague, tempter (to error)
pestilence ( dummal) II to make deficient or scanty ( s.th.); to
bubonic plague; ( baqar) and be niggardly, stingy ( toward s.o.), stint
. al-miya rinderpest, cattle ( s.o.)
plague, steppe murrain 560
aff deficient; small, little, slight,
main2 (pl.) invectives, abuses ( trivial, trifling, insignificant,
against s.o.) inconsiderable
in and ( sinn) aged, taff stinting, scrimping,
old, advanced in years niggardliness, stinginess, parsimony
lampoon
afia a ( uf) to go out, die
man plague-infected, plague- down, be extinguished (fire, light); to be
stricken out, have gone out (fire, lamp) IV to put
1
an Iraqi weight equaling 2000 kg, in out, extinguish, smother, stifle ( a fire),
Basra 1537 kg turn off, switch off ( light); to quench (
2 fire, thirst), slake ( thirst, also lime)
ugr pl. -t tughra, calligraphically

intricate signature of the Ottoman Sultan,
(jadwata yaumihi wa-araqa famata
interwoven with his fathers name and his
lailihi f l-amal) to work day and night
own honorific, customarily used on
written decrees, state documents and coins VII = afia

ugr = ugr2 affya fire-extinguishing device

agm common people, populace; lowly,
insignificant
ugma, agma pl. -t band, troop,
group
( and ( ag u and ag a (agy) extinguishing, extinction, fire fighting
and agiya a ( agan, ugyn) to
exceed proper bounds, overstep the
bounds, be excessive; to be rough,
tumultuous, rage (sea); to overflow, leave
its banks (river); to flood, overflow,
inundate, deluge ( s.th.); to overcome,
seize, grip, befall ( s.o.); to be
tyrannical or cruel ( against s.o.),
tyrannize, oppress, terrorize ( s.o.), ride
roughshod ( over s.o.); -- ag a to
predominate, prevail, preponderate (
in, at), dominate, outweigh, outbalance (
s.th.), be preponderant ( over, in
comparison with s.th.)
ugwn flood, inundation, deluge
ugyn flood, inundation, deluge;
tyranny, oppression, suppression,
repression, terrorization
mifaa pl. mafi
firefighting equipment, fire extinguisher,
fire engine the fire
department, the firemen
if putting out, quenching,
jahz i. al-arq
firefighting equipment the fire
department, the firemen;
amalyt al-i. fire-fighting operations
if fireman
ifya fire department
mufa extinguished, gone out, out;
mat, dull, flat, lusterless 561
afaa a (af, uf) to flow over,
run over, overflow ( with, also, e.g., the
heart with generosity, etc.); to cause to
overflow ( e.g., the milk) II to fill to
overflowing, fill to the brim ( a vessel);
to overfill ( s.th.) IV = II
af superabundance, repletion;
skin eruption, rash, exanthema (med.)
 afa skin eruption, rash,
exanthema (med.)
af eruptive, exanthematic
(med.)
uf superabundance, repletion
ufa skimmings, foam, froth
afn2, f. af flowing
over, running over, brimful, replete,
overfull, filled to overflowing
mifaa skimmer, skimming ladle
fi flowing over, running over,
brimful, replete, overfull, filled to
overflowing
afara i (afr) to jump, leap, bounce
approx.: her bosom heaved
violently (with joyous agitation)
afra jump, leap, bounce, bound;
impulsive motion, impetuosity; upswing,
rise, upturn, successful step; afratan in
one leap
afrn pauper, have-not
2
afar (= )crupper (of the saddle)
afaa i (af) to run away, flee, escape
(eg.)
afiqa a (afaq) with foll. imperf.: to
begin, set out to do s.th.; to do s.th.
suddenly
II to intrude, obtrude, impose o.s. (
upon); to sponge ( on s.o., at
s.o.s table), live at other peoples expense
V = II; to arrive uninvited or at an
inconvenient time, disturb, intrude; to be
obtrusive
afl tender, soft; potters clay, argil
ifl pl. afl infant, baby, child
ifla little girl
ifl child (adj.), baby (adj.),
childrens, of or pertaining to childhood or
infancy; infantile, childlike, childish
( ibb) pediatrics
afal infancy, babyhood, early
childhood; childhood, childhood stage
afla potters clay, argil
ufl potters clay; argil; clay, loam
afla infancy, babyhood, early
childhood; childhood, childhood stage;
initial stage, beginnings, dawn, early
period
tufla infancy, babyhood, early
childhood; childhood, childhood stage;
children
uflya infancy, babyhood, early
childhood; childhood, childhood stage
ufl child (adj.), baby (adj.),
childrens, of or pertaining to childhood or
infancy; infantile, childlike, childish
ufail uninvited guest, intruder,
obtruder, sponger, hanger-on, parasite,
sycophant; pl. parasites (med.,
biol.) ilm a. parasitology
mutaaffil parasitic(al); parasite,
sponger, uninvited guest
) )af u ( afw, ufw) to
float, drift; to emerge, rise to the surface
( sa) to bring s.th. to the
surface 562
ufa anything drifting or
floating, driftage, floatage, flotsam; halo
(around the sun or moon)
fin superficial
fiya floating iceberg
affya see
aqqa u (aqq) to crack, pop; to clack,
smack, flap; to burst, explode
II to introduce into one of the
orders of the ministry (Chr.) V to perform
a rite, follow a ritual
aqs weather; climate; -- (pl.
uqs) rite, ritual; religious custom; order
of the ministry, clerical rank (Chr.)
aqs liturgical; liturgist (Chr.);
a-aqsyt the liturgical books
(Chr.)
aqaqa to crack, snap, rattle,
clatter, chug, pop, crash; to crackle,
(de)crepitate, rustle
aqqa crash, bang; clap, thud, crack,
pop; (pl. aqq) ditty, gay, popular
song
II to harness, bridle ( a horse)
 aqm pl. uqm, uqma, (to), solicitation, wish, desire, request,
aqum a number of complementary
objects or things; series; suit (of clothes);
set (of tools, and the like); harness (of a
horse); service (e.g., of china, etc.)
denture, set of teeth
tqim = aqm; crew (of a ship)
denture, set of teeth
alla u (all) to bespray, besprinkle,
bedrizzle, bedew ( s.th., esp. the sky --
the earth); -- alla u to emerge, rise, loom
up, come into view, appear, show IV to
look down ( upon), tower ( above),
command a view of s.th. (), overlook,
survey ( s.th.); to command, dominate,
overtop ( s.th., e.g., the surrounding
area); (of a room, window, etc.) to open (
upon, to, toward), give ( on), face (
toward); to look out, peek out, peep
out ( of s.th.); to appear, show
all pl. ill dew; fine rain,
drizzle
alal pl. all, ull, used
chiefly in the pl.: remains, ruins (of
houses); remains, or traces, of an
abandoned encampment
mall: ( dam) unavenged
blood
alaba u (alab, malab) to look,
search ( for s.o., for s.th.); to set out (
for a place). get on ones way ( to), go to
see ( s.o., s.th.); to request ( s.th.),
apply ( for); to seek, try to obtain, claim
( s.th. from), ask, beg ( s.o. for);
to demand, exact, require ( of s.o.
s.th.); to want, wish ( s.th. from;
s.o. to do s.th.); to call ( upon s.o.),
appeal ( to s.o.), invite, request, entreat,
beseech ( s.o.); to order, demand (
s.th. from), call ( for s.th., from), call
in ( s.th., from); to be after s.o. or s.th.
( ;)to study III to demand back,
reclaim ( or from s.o. s.th.), call for
the return or restitution of s.th. ( or ),
demand, claim ( or from s.o. s.th.); to
demand, claim ( s.th.) V to require,
necessitate, make necessary or requisite (
s.th.) VII pass. of I
alab search, quest, pursuit; -- (pl.
-t) demand, claim, call (for), invitation
entreaty j application, petition; order,
commission; demand (com.); study
at s.o.s disposal; and
on demand, by request, if desired, on
application; O li-n -alab at
sight (com.); ( ar) supply
and demand; . al-ilm quest
of knowledge, craving for knowledge,
studiousness; . adam at-tiqa
motion of no confidence (parl.)
alba litany, prayer (Chr.)
aliba, ilba desire, wish, request,
demand; application
alabya pl. -t order, commission
(com.)
allb exacting, persistently
claiming or demanding
malab search, quest, pursuit; --
(pl. .,.Jll.. m< dlib') demand, oall (for);
request, wish; claim; problem, issue; pl.
( claims of the government =) taxes
mulaba demand; cell, appeal
(with genit. or for); claim (with genit. or
to)
lib pl. ullb, alaba
seeker, pursuer; claimer, claimant;
applicant, petitioner; candidate; student,
scholar, also . al-ilm; pupil; a
naval rank, approx.: midshipman (Eg.
1939) ( mumtz) a naval rank,
approx.: ensign (Eg. 1939);
petitioners; . az-zawj suitor
lib students, student- (in
compounds), of or pertaining to studies or
students
malb wanted (in classified
ads); due, owed (money); unknown (of a
quantity; math.); (pl. malib2) wish,
desire; pl. liabilities, debts; pl.
claims
mulib claimer, claimant; --
mulab one of whom s.th. or s.o. ( )is
demanded, one accountable ( for), held
answerable ( for)
mutaallabt requirements
alaa u ( al) to be or become bad,
evil, wioked, vicioUi. depraved
 al (coll.; n. un. )pl. ul a show ( to s.o. s.th.); to give an insight
variety of accacia (Acacia gummifera); ( to s.o. into), let s.o. ( )in on s.th. (
banana tree; banana )V to have an eye on s.th. (), wait,
look out ( for); to watch ( for); to
alya pl. aly sheet of
strive, be out ( for), be bent ( on); to
paper
look ( at s.o.), regard ( s.o.); to look
ala (syr.) ream of paper attentively or closely, gaze, stare ( or
li bed, evil, wicked, vicious, at) VIII to look; to see, behold, view (
depraved, villainous s.th.); to study, come to know ( s.th.),
1
become acquainted ( with), become
alasa i (als) to efface, obliterate, blot aware or cognizant ( of), obtain
out ( s.th., esp. writing) information ( about), be informed (
als effacement, obliteration of); to inspect, examine ( s.th.), look
into s.th. ( ;)to know ( s.th. or of
ils effaced, obliterated, blotted out s.th.), be aware, be cognizant ( of); to
(inscription); illegible be (well) informed ( about), have
2
alas2 satin; (pl. alis 2) atlas, (inside) information ( of), be
volume of geographical maps (thoroughly) acquainted ( with), be
1 privy ( to), be in on s.th. ( ;)to find
alasna (eg.) coping (arch.)
out, discover, detect ( s.th.) X to seek
2
ailasn pl. aylisa look up to discover, explore, scout, reconnoiter (
alphabetically s.th.); to inquire ( about s.th.); to arouse
ilasm, ilasm pl. -t, alsim2 curiosity ( in s.o.) ( rayah)
talisman, a seal, or the like, inscribed with to consult s.o.) ask s.o.s advice or
mysterious words or characters; charm, opinion; ( kabarah) to seek
magical combination of words; pl. information about s.o. or s.th.
cryptic characters al (also coll.) spadix or
alaa u ( ul, mala) to rise, inflorescence of the palm tree; pollen
ascend, come up (esp. of celestial bodies); ala look(s), appearance, aspect,
to come into view, appear, show, become outward appearance, guise
visible; to erupt (tooth), come up, sprout,
ulaa inquisitive, nosy, curious
break forth (plant); to go out, get out,
come out, emerge ( from); to come all striving, aspiring
suddenly ( upon s.o. or s.th.), overtake ( tany, anjud) efficient,
( s.o., s.th.); to take or bring energetic, vigorous;
to s.o. s.th.; -- alaa a u ( ul) and (taarruf) curious, eager for news
alia a to mount, ascend, climb, scale ( ul rising, going up, ascending,
s.th.); to get ( on top of s.th., aboard ascension; rise (esp. of celestial bodies);
s.th., into an automobile, on a train, etc.), appearance; climbing, ascent (of a
board ( a train, etc.) III to read, peruse ( mountain)
s.th.); to study ( s.th.); to look ( at
s.th.), 564 inspect, view ( s.th.); to ala pl. mali front row,
acquaint ( s.o. with), make clear, foremost rank, vanguard, avant-garde; pl.
elucidate, explain, expound, disclose ( harbingers, precursors, presages, portents,
to s.o. s.th.), give an insight ( to s.o. first indications, symptoms; beginnings
into), let s.o. ( )in on s.th. ( ;)to shine ( in front, at the head, in the lead
on s.th.; of the sun) IV to erupt (tooth), mala pl. mali rise, time
come up, sprout, break forth (plant); to of rising (of celestial bodies); point of
acquaint ( s.o. with); to inform ( s.o. ascent; starting point, point, of departure;
or of or about), apprise, notify ( break (e.g., of day), dawn (e.g., of an era);
or s.o. of), let s.o. ( )know ( s.th. onset, outset, start, beginning;
or about s.th.), tell ( s.o. about); to introduction, preface, proem; opening
demonstrate, point out, disclose, reveal,
verses (of a poem); prelude; lookout; let go ( s.o., s.th.); to leave, forsake (
ladder, steps, stairs s.o., s.th.); to repudiate, divorce (
mulaa reading, perusal, study; zaujatah ones wife); to grant a divorce
(pl. -t) (official) announcement decree ( against a woman; said of the
judge) ( nafsah) she
reading room, study hall
dissolved her marriage, got a divorce;
taallu striving, aspiration, ( ulliqat) she was granted a divorce
endeavor, aim; inquisitiveness, curiosity from him (by judicial decree) IV to undo,
iil pl. -t study, examination, loose, disengage ( s.th.); to free, set free
inspection; perusal; information, ( s.o., s.th., also chem.), release, set at
intelligence, knowledge; notice, liberty, let go, let off, set loose ( s.o.,
cognizance; acquaintance, conversance, s.th.); to send out, dispatch ( s.o.,
familiarity s.th.); to discharge ( a firearm), fire (
s.th., at), shoot ( at); to utter, emit (
istil study, research, a sound); to let burst forth ( laughter);
investigation, probing; scouting, to repudiate, divorce ( zaujatahu
reconnoitering, reconnaissance; ones wife); to generalize ( s.th.); to
exploration; suspense (in anticipation of apply ( s.th., e.g., an expression, a
s.th.) ubb al-ist. designation, to) ...
inquisitiveness, curiosity; (isma) to name or call s.th. ..., designate
( ubban) out of s.th. as ...; ( yulaqu) it has
curiosity; reconnaissance (absolute) validity for ..., it applies to ...;
plane ( abla) to give free
rein, impose no restraints, let things take
istil research-, study- (in their course; ( arban) to
compounds), explorational, exploratory, unleash a war; ( dawu
fact-finding; scout-, reconnaissance- (in banah) the medicine loosened his
compounds) 565 bowels; ( raa) to fire,
li pl. awli2 rising, shoot at; ( rijlaihi, r) to
ascending (esp. a celestial body); star of run away head over heels, to beat it;
destiny; ascendant, nativity ( sqaih) to run away head over
usn a-. good fortune, lucky star, good heels, dash off like the wind, to bolt;
luck; luckily for me, to give a free hand ( to s.o. in
fortunately; sayyi a-. ill- s.th. or to do s.th.); to release
starred, ill-fated, unfortunate, unlucky; s.o., set s.o. free, let s.o. go;
hapless person; ( liuh) he fell ( li-abratih) to let ones tears flow
on evil days, he met with ill fortune freely; ( sarah) to set s.o. at
liberty, free s.o., release s.o. (from jail or
lia out-set, beginning, start
custody); to give free rein to
muli reader s.o. or s.th., give vent to s.th.;
mutaalli curious, eager, waiting (liyatah) to let ones beard grow;
( for) to indulge in defamatory
remarks about s.o., backbite s.o.;
muali viewer, observer; ( alsinatahum) to incite s.o., e.g., a
informed ( about, of), acquainted, crowd, the mob (to boisterous
familiar ( with), cognizant ( of), demonstrations, emotional outbursts, and
privy ( to) the like); ( nafsa,
aluqa u ( alqa) to he sajyatih) he gave free rein to his
cheerful, jovial, happy (face, instincts; to open fire on, fire
countenance); -- alaqt u, aluqat u ( or shoot at; to set fire to, set
alq) to be divorced, get a. divorce (said s.th. on fire; ( yadah) to be
of a woman); -- pass uliqat ( alq) to openhanded with, bestow s.th. lavishly;
be in labor II to set loose, release, set free, ) )to give s.o. a free hand (in,
to do s.th.), give s.o. unlimited authority revocable (not definite) divorce;
for; ( aidiyahum) they bill of divorce; to swear
did as they pleased by all thats holy
with the country, they dealt high, alq pl. ulaq2 freed,
handedly with the country V to brighten- released, set free, free; freedman;
beam, be radiant (with joy) name of those Meccans who remained
( wajhuh bi-btisma) her face heathen until the surrender of Mecca
broke into a radiant smile VII to be free, alqa ease, relaxedness;
be loose, be set free (also chem.); to be unrestraint; cheerfulness
emitted, emanate; to race along, sweep fluency, eloquence; . al-wajh
along, dash along; to hurry, rush ( to); cheerfulness of the face, gaiety
to be hurled off, be flung away; 566 to be
discharged, be fired (firearm); to explode, alqa repudiated or divorced
go off; to burst forth, burst out, ring out woman, divorcee
(shouts, voices); to take off, start off, alqa pl. aliq2 stallion
decamp, depart ( from); to start rolling,
move off, pull out (train, vehicle); to go ilq freeing, liberation; setting
on, proceed on ones way, to go away, loose, releasing, release; dispatch(ing);
leave; to go by, pass, elapse, (hours, application ( to); generalization;
years); to brighten, beam (face); with : ilqan absolutely absolutely,
to utter s.th. (tongue); with foll. imperf.: to unrestrictedly, without exception, in any
set out to do s.th., begin or start with s.th. respect, under any circumstances;
( yajr) he set out in a hurry; ( i. ar-ra) the firing at s.th.,
( musrian) he went away the shooting of s.o.; i. as-
quickly, rushed away, dashed off; sar release (of s.o.); ) )
( lisnuh) to utter words against; opening of fire, shelling, gunning,
( wajhuh) his face brightened, cannonade
became cheerful X ( banuhu) intilq outburst, outbreak,
he had a bowel movement eruption, explosion, release (e.g., of
alq talc (min.); labor pains, travail; forces, of energies); unrestraint, liberty
free, open, unconfined, unrestrained, nuqat al-in. starting point,
unimpeded, uninhibited; free ( from), point of departure
rid ( of) alq (ilq, ulq) al- tliq (of a woman) repudiated,
muayy with a happy, cheerful face, divorced ( taltan) she is
bright-faced; alq (ilq, ulq) al- irrevocably divorced
wajh do.; eloquent;
(haw) outdoors, in the open, under the mulaq free; unlimited,
open sky; . al-yadain unrestricted, absolute; general;
openhanded, liberal, generous mulaqan absolutely, unrestrictedly,
without exception, in any respect, under
ilq permissible, admissible any circumstances
alaq pl. alq run, race, foot (duwal dt al-ukm) the authoritarian
race; (pl. -t, alq) shot (with a states; m. as-sar free, at
firearm) rapid-fire (rifle, gun) large, at liberty
lisn aliq a facile, fluent mutaalliq cheerful, jovial, happy
tongue (face)
alqa pl. alaqt divorce milama rolling pin
( talta) definite divorce ulumba pl. -t pump 567
alaqa pl. -t shot do almasa to frown, scowl, glower, lower
alq divorce, talak ( and ( al i (aly) to paint, daub (
(talta) definite divorce; ( raj) s.th. with); to coat, overlay, plate (
 s.th. with) ( dahab) to gild
s.th.; ( kahrab) to
galvanize, electroplate s.th.;
(mn) to enamel s.th. VII
( la) he wouldnt be deceived by
this ruse, this trick couldnt fool him
il coating, overlaying, plating;
coat, covering (e.g., of sugar); (coat of)
paint; make-up, face paint menstruate; -- amata u i (amt) to
(kahrab) galvanization, electroplating
aly pleasant, becoming, nice,
pretty
alwa beauty, gracefulness,
grace, elegance
a-ulyn the Italians
ulaiila2 Toledo (town in Spain)
amma u (amm, umm) to overflow,
flood, inundate, deluge, engulf ( s.th.)
VII pass. of I
amm large quantity, huge amount;
sea ( rimm) tremendous riches
mma pl. -t (overwhelming)
calamity, disaster
uma tomato
amim2 (coll.; n. un. )tomatoes
amana and amana to calm, quiet,
pacify, appease, assuage, soothe ( s.o.,
s.th.), set s.o.s mind at rest; to fill s.o. ()
with confidence ( in), reassure ( s.o.
of or with regard to) II taamana =
VI; IV imaanna to remain
quietly ( in a place); to come to rest; to
be or become still, quiet, calm, tranquil, at
ease, composed, or reassured, feel
assured, confident, or secure; to be sure,
be certain ( or of s.th.); to have
confidence, to trust ( in), rely, depend (
on, upon); to make sure ( of s.th.)
reassure o.s. ( of or with regard to); to
find reassurance ( in), derive confidence
( from)
umanna calm, repose, serenity,
peace, peacefulness, tranquility;
reassurance, peace of mind, composure,
calmness, equanimity; trust, confidence
iminn calm, repose, serenity,
peace, peacefulness, tranquility;
reassurance, peace of mind, composure,
calmness, equanimity; trust, confidence
mumainn (of land) low, low-
lying; calm, quiet, at ease, composed,
(re)assured, tranquil, serene, peaceable,
peaceful, safe, secure; sure, certain;
trusting, confident, of good hope
amata u and amita a (amt) to
deflower ( a girl)
amt menstruation; menses,
menstrual discharge
amaa a ( um) to turn, be
directed ( to. toward; of the eye, of
glances); to aspire ( to, after), be bent (
on), strive, crave, long, yearn ( for),
covet ( s.th.); to take away, remove (
s.th.)
um striving, endeavor,
aspiration, desire, craving, coveting,
longing, yearning; ambition; high
aspirations, loftiness of purpose
am high-aiming, high-
aspiring, ambitious; craving, covetous,
desirous, avid, eager
amm high-aiming, high-
aspiring, ambitious; craving, covetous,
desirous, avid, eager
mama pl. mami object
of ones longing or striving, (aspired)
goal, aim, ambition, burning desire 568
mi high-aiming, high-aspiring;
longing, yearning, craving, covetous, avid,
eager
1
amara u i (amr) to bury, inter, cover
with earth ( s.th., esp. a corpse); amara
i to cover up ( a thing), fill up ( a well)
imr pl. amr old, tattered
garment, fags, tatters
imirr fiery steed, race horse
mimar plumb line
mamr subterranean,
underground O ilm al-
mamrt paleontology
mamra pl. mamr2
subterranean storehouse for grain,
underground granary, mattamore
2
II (eg.) to curry(comb), rub down ( a
horse)
umr (eg.) currycomb
3 temptation
mr pl. awmir2 look up
alphabetically
amasa u i (ams, ums) to be
effaced, be obliterated, be erased, be
wiped out, be blotted out, be destroyed, be
eradicated; to lose animation, become
lusterless (eye, glance); -- amasa i (ams)
to efface, obliterate, erase, expunge, blot
out, wipe out, destroy, eradicate ( or
s.th.) VII to be effaced, be obliterated, be
wiped out, be blotted out, become extinct
ams effacement, obliteration
inims incomprehencibleness,
abstruseness
mis extinct, dead; blurred,
indistinct; incomprehensible, abstruse,
recondite, obscure
uma tomato
amim2 (coll.; n. un. )tomatoes
umumn barbarous, barbaric,
uneducated (esp. speech, pronunciation)
amia a (ama) to covet, desire ( or 1
s.th.), wish, crave, strive ( or for),
aspire ( or to, after); to expect (
s.th., from); to hope ( for); to be
ambitious; -- amua u ( ama) to
be covetous, avid, greedy, avaricious II to
make ( s.o.) desirous ( of), fill ( s.o.)
with greed ( for); to allure, tempt, entice
( s.o.); to give ( s.o.) hope ( of), hold
out hopes ( to s.o., of s.th.), embolden (
s.o.), encourage ( s.o. to do s.th.) IV =
II
ama pl. am greed,
greediness, avidity, covetousness;
ambitious desire, ambition; object of
desire
amm avid, greedy, covetous,
desirous; avaricious, grasping
amya avidity, greed;
cupidity, avarice
mama pl. mami coveted sojourn, reside;
object; covetousness, craving, desire;
hope, expectation; pl. ambitious designs,
ambitions, schemes, aspirations, desires
mamaa lure, enticement,
mim filled with greed;
obsessed by ambition, overambitious
II to quiet, calm, appease, pacify, allay,
assuage, soothe ( s.o., s.th.); see also
a'mana under VI to be low; to
become low, sink, subside; to calm down,
be or become quiet, calm, still, to abate; to
be bent over, to stoop
amn calm, quiet, repose, peace,
peacefulness, serenity, tranquility;
reassurance, ease, calmness, peace of
mind, composure, equanimity; trust,
confidence 569
tamn appeasement,
mollification, calming, assuaging,
soothing
mutamin low
( and ( am u ( umw),
am i (amy) to flow over
amy (eg., syr.) alluvial mud, silt,
alluvium
unn pl. ann ton
(musajjal) register ton
2
anna i ( ann) to ring, sound, peal,
jingle, tinkle (bell); to hum, buzz, drone
(insect); to ring (ears) II = I
ann ring(ing), peal, jingle, tinkle,
tinkling (of a bell); buzz(ing), hum(ming),
drone (of an insect); ringing (of the ears)
annn ringing, sounding, pealing,
jingling, tinkling; resounding,
reverberating, echoing; humming,
buzzing, droning; whistle, buzzer (of a
kettle); famous, renowned, celebrated
II to remain, abide, stay to live, settle
down ( in, at a place) IV to be excessive
( in), overdo, exaggerate ( s.th.); to
brag
unub pl. anb tent rope;
sinew, tendon ( adda) to stay,
to settle
down, take up permanent residence in a
 place; to take root, prevail
(at a place)
inb exaggeration; fussiness,
circumstantiality, prolixity, lengthiness,
verbosity
unbr pl. anbr2 a long-
necked, stringed instrument resembling
the mandolin; a device used to raise water
for irrigation, Archimedean screw; drum,
cylinder (techn.)
unbr player of the
anba pl. -t paddle box (of a paddle
steamer)
anja2 Tangier
anj from Tangier; native of
Tangier, Tangerine
anjara pl. anjir2 (copper)
casserole, saucepan, skillet
an Tanta (city in N Egypt)
anana to ring, sound, peal, jingle, tinkle
(bell); to hum, buzz, drone (insect); to
clang, boom, roar, rumble; to blare out (
s.th.)
anana ring(ing), peal, jingle,
tinkle, tinkling (of a bell); hum(ming),
buzz(ing), drone (of an insect); clangor,
boom, roar
unuf (anaf, unf) pl. unf,
anf top, summit, peak (of a mountain);
ledge, molding, eaves
infisa, anfasa, unfusa pl. anfis2
velvet-like carpet, mockado carpet
a group of letters opening the 20th sura;
Th a Muslim masculine proper name
ahara, ahura u (uhr, ahra) to be
clean, pure; -- aharat, ahurat (of a
woman) to be clean (as opposed to
menstruating) II to clean, cleanse, deterge,
expurgate, purge, purify, chasten (
s.o., s.th.); to disinfect, sterilize ( s.th.);
to dredge ( e.g., a canal); to circumcise (
s.o.) III to circumcise ( s.o.) V to clean
o.s., cleanse o.s., perform an ablution
uhr cleanness, purity; chastity
ahr circumcision; cleansing,
purging, detergent; clean, pure
ahra cleanness, cleanliness,
purity; cultic purity (Isl. Law); chastity;
holiness, sanctity, saintliness; 570
circumcision . ad-dail
innocence; probity, uprightness, integrity,
honesty
mahar purgatory (Chr.)
mahara pl. mahir2 wash-
room, lavatory, toilet
tahr cleaning, cleansing, purging,
expurgation, purification; disinfection;
purgation, use of aperients; dredging;
circumcision
tahr cleaning, cleansing,
detergent
hir pl. ahr clean, pure;
chaste, modest, virtuous . ad-
dimma upright, righteous, honest;
. ad-dail innocent, pure,
unblemished, blameless, upright,
righteous, honest
muahhir pl. -t a detergent (esp.
anticeptic); an anticeptic, a disinfectant
muahhar pure, immaculate
ihrn2 Teheran (capital of Iran)
V to despise, detect, abhor, loathe (
s.th.)
muahham of perfect beauty (esp. as an
epithet of noble horses)
)and ( ah u and yah (
ahw, uhy, ahy, ahya) to
cook ( s.th.); to stew ( s.th.); to braise (
s.th.); to broil, fry ( s.th.); to bake (
s.th.)
uhan cooked dish, cooked meal
ihya cooks trade
mahan kitchen
hin pl. uhh cook
aw pl. awiya eunuch
awwya frying pan
1
ba look up alphabetically
2
II to beatify ( s.o.; Chr.)
b blessedness, beatitude;
Beatitude (title of honor of a patriarch;
Chr.)
 tawb beatification (Chr.) sometimes, at times at times;
3 to lose ones self-control, become
ub (coll.; n. un. )brick(s)
upset; ( akrajah) to upset,
(amar) baked brick(s);
discompose, disconcert s.o.;
(mufarrag) hollow tile(s), air brick(s);
( nayy) unburned, sun-dried of odd behavior, eccentric
briek(s) r pl. awr mountain
awwb brick burner, brick- . sn and . sn Mount
maker, tile-maker Sinai

bj, (eg.) obg pl. -ya artillerist, r wild

artilleryman
bjya artillery
ba the fifth month of the Coptic
calendar
) )a u (au) to perish, die; to loss
ones way, go astray, stray, wander about;
to fall; to throw, cast, fling, hurl, toss,
carry away, sweep away ( s.o., s.th.) II
to cause to or let perish ( or s.o.); to
endanger, expose to peril ( or s.o.); to
throwaway, toss away, hurl away (
s.th.); to throw, cast, hurl, toss, fling (
s.o. into); to carry away, transport (
s.o. to, into); to move, induce, tempt (
s.o., to s.th., to do s.th.) 4
fate dealt him severe blows IV to
drop, discard ( s.o., s.th.), shed (
s.th.); to let s.th. ( )be swept away; to
carry away, tear away, rip away ( s.th.);
to chop off ( s.th., esp. the head) V to
fall, drop, be thrown, be tossed; to stray,
wander about; to sway, reel, stagger
awi2 adversities, blows of fate
awr sidewalk
rn wild; Turanian
taawwur pl. -t development;
evolution; pl. -t stages of development,
evolutionary phases, developments
developable, capable of
development or evolution
taawwur evolutional,
evolutionary ( naarya)
theory of evolution, evolutionism
2
r (= ir), ra hoop, ring; tire;
frame; wheel; tambourine
3
ir see
rya look up alphabetically
urbd pl. -t, arbd2 torpedo
rya (eg.) pl. awr hoe,
mattock
( Turk. tozluk) gaiter(s), legging(s)
II to adorn, decorate, deck out ( s.o.,
s.th.)

muawwia pl. -t adventure s pl. -t round, shallow drinking

VII to rise in the air, soar up
aud pl. awd (high,
towering) mountain 571
mund pl. mand2 balloon, vessel
blimp; zeppelin, dirigible
(muqayyad) captive balloon, kite balloon;
O ( haw) barrage balloon peacock
1
II to develop, further, advance, promote (
s.th.) V to develop, evolve; to change;
to race (motor)
aur pl. awr one time (= Fr.
fois; state, condition; limit, bound; stage,
degree; phase (also phys., esp. el.)
time and again, again and again;
-- or -- sometimes -- s.o.), be obedient ( or to s.o.) II to
cup made of metal, drinking vessel; finger
bowl
sa pl. -t round, shallow
drinking cup made of metal, drinking
frying pan; O
. at-tadum buffer (railroad)
ws pl. awws2
muawwas ornate, ostentatiously
made-up
II to castrate, emasculate ( s.o.)
aw pl. awiya
eunuch
) )a u (au) to obey ( or
render obedient, bring into subjection, and obey! at your service! Very well!
subdue, subject, subjugate ( s.o.) saman wa-atan do.
( nafsuh) (lit.: his soul permitted awya obedience
him, made it easy or feasible for him, i.e.) voluntarily, of ones own free will, of
he allowed himself to do s.th. (), he had ones own accord
no qualms about doing s.th. (), he did
not hesitate to do s.th. ( )III to comply miw obedient, compliant
with or accede to s.o.s ( )wishes ( or taw diploma of the Great
in, with regard to), yield, submit, be Mosque of Tunis
obedient ( to s.o., or in), obey (
s.o., or in); to be at s.o.s () ia obedience
command (of a faculty, skill, etc.); to taawwu voluntariness;
consent, assent ( to s.th.) IV to obey, volunteering; voluntary service ( in a
follow ( s.o., s.th.), be obedient, branch of the armed forces); service as an
submit, yield ( to s.o., to s.th.), comply unsalaried trainee, voluntary traineeship
( with s.o.s wishes, with s.th.), accede
( to s.o.s wishes, to s.th.) V to do istia ability, capability,
voluntarily ( or or s.th.), volunteer ( faculty; possibility
or or for, in, to do s.th.); to enlist, i obedient, compliant,
volunteer (mil.) ( kairan) to submissive willingly or
perform a good deed voluntarily VII to unwillingly, whether I (you, etc.) will it or
obey, follow ( s.o., s.th.), be obedient, not
submit, yield, accede ( to), comply (
muawwa pl. -n holder of the
with) X to be able ( to do s.th.), be in a
diploma issued by the Great Mosque of
572 position to do, to get, to carry out, or
Tunis; -- muawwi volunteer (also mil.);
to take upon o.s. ( s.th.), be capable (
unsalaried trainee
of s.th., of doing s.th.)
muwi obedient, compliant,
au obedience; voluntariness,
submissive; yielding, pliable, pliant;
spontaneity (in connection with a legally
the reflexive, frequently = the
relevant action, esp. a delict; Isl. Law);
passive (gram.) mild steel
(for m. and f.) obedient, compliant,
submissive; auan voluntarily, of mu obedient, compliant
ones own free will, of ones own accord mutaawwi pl. volunteer (also
( karhan) willingly or mil.); unsalaried trainee
unwillingly, willy-nilly, whether I (you,
etc.) will it or not; tractable, musta possible, feasible
docile, amenable; aua yadih qadra l-m. as far as possible, as
under s.o.s thumb, at s.o.s beck and call; far as it is feasible; ) (
( aua aidn) he is at our beck do.
and call, he is in our power; ) )fa u (auf, awf,
/aua amrika at your disposal awafn) to go about, walk about,
auyan voluntarily, of ones ride about, travel about, move about, rove
own free will, of ones own accord about, wander about, run around ( in
s.th.), tour ( s.th.); to go, walk, ride, run (
( ayyi) obedient, compliant, around s.th.), circumambulate (
submissive s.th.); to make the rounds, walk
a obedience, compliance, around ( among people); to circle,
submissiveness; (pl. -t) pious deed (Isl. circuit, compass ( s.th.); to roam,
Law) bait a-. the husbands rove, range ( s.th.); to show around,
house to which a woman, in case of guide ( s.o.); to familiarize o.s., acquaint
unlawful desertion, must return (Isl. Law); o.s. (y with); to become acquainted (
as-sam wa--atu I hear with s.o., with s.th.), come to know (
s.o., s.th.); - (auf) to appear to s.o. ( )in
his sleep; to come ( upon s.o.), afflict (
s.o.); to overflow, leave its banks
(river); to swim, float, drift II to go about,
walk about, stroll about, ride about, travel
about ( in), tour ( s.th.); to go or walk
around s.th. (), circle, circumambulate (
s.th.); to show around, guide ( or
s.o.); to let ( s.th.) roam ( s.th.), let (
s.th.) make the rounds 573 ( in), let
ones eyes ( )wander; to perform the
circumambulation of the Kaaba (awf) IV
to surround, encompass, encircle,
circumscribe ( s.th.) V to move about,
rove, roam, wander, walk about
auf round, circuit, beat; low wall,
enclosure; (pl. awf) patrol; raft
made of inflated waterskins tied together
awf round, circuit, beat; round
trip, round-trip excursion; roundtrip flight;
circumambulation of the Kaaba (as part of
the Islamic pilgrimage ceremonies)
awwf ambulant, itinerant,
migrant, roving, wandering; going the
rounds, making the circuit, walking the
beat; (pl. )mounted rural mail carrier
(Eg.) maaat a-. (Eg.)
circuit stations which have the mail
delivered by mounted rural mail carriers
awwfa pl. -t patrol boat,
coastal patrol vessel (employed by the
Egyptian Coast Guard)
fn flood, inundation, deluge
maf riding about, traveling,
touring; round trip )(
to end with, wind up with, arrive
eventually at; the end of the strength, potency, capability, aptitude,
matter, the final issue, the upshot of it
tawf traveling, touring,
wandering, itineration, roving life
if ambulant, itinerant, migrant,
roving, wandering; one going the rounds
or making the circuit or walking the beat;
one performing the awf he
had a sudden impulse or urge;
( qadar) tragedy befell (pl. -t) stratum, layer
him, he met with a harsh fate
a-if Taif (town in S Hejaz)
2
ifa pl. awif part, capability, aptitude, capacity, power,
portion; number; troop, band, group;
swarm, drove, bevy, covey; people; class;
sect, denomination; confession,
communion; party, faction; religious
minority O ( issya) the
impressionists; princelings,
petty kings
if factional, sectarian,
denominational, confessionalism
ifya sectarianism,
denominationalism; confessionalism
muawwif pl. -n pilgrims guide
in Mecca
) )qa u (auq) to be able, be in a
position ( to do s.th.), be capable ( of,
of doing s.th.); to be able to bear or stand (
s.th.), bear, stand, sustain, endure (
s.th.) II to put a collar or necklace (
auqan) around s.o.s neck; to hoop (
s.th., e.g., a barrel); to surround, clasp,
enwrap, ring, encompass ( s.o., s.th.
with), encircle ( s.o., s.th.), form or
throw a circle or cordon ( around s.o.,
around s.th.), enclose ( s.th.); to play (
about, e.g., a smile about the lips), flit (
across s.th.) ( bi-diraih) to
take s.o. in ones arms, embrace, hug,
clasp s.o.; ( unuqah) to
present s.o. with, bestow upon s.o. s.th. IV
= I ( s.th., to do s.th., of s.th. or of
doing s.th.); to master ( a method)
lam yuiq abran be could not
stand or bear it, he could not control
himself; ( yuqu) s.th.
unbearable, s.th. intolerable
auq ability, faculty, power,
capacity; endurance; (pl. awq)
necklace; neckband, ruff, collar; hoop,
circle ( najh) life 574 buoy;
( akrajah l-uznu)
grief drove him out of his mind
auq collar-like, loop-shaped,
ring-shaped, annular
q pl. t, qn arch (arch.);
qa pl. -t window
qa pl. -t ability, faculty,
strength, potency; energy (phys., etc.);
 capacity (of a technical apparatus); bunch, neck ( at); to attack ( s.o.); to
bouquet (of flowers) ( with foll. become insolent, get fresh ( with s.o.);
madar) it is possible to ...; qadra to be insolent enough, have the cheek (
-. as far as possible, in the best way to do s.th.); to dare do s.th. (), presume (
possible; according to his s.th.), pretend ( to s.th.); to arrogate to
capability; ( muddakara) o.s. ( a rank) ( bi-rasih) to
accumulated energy; potential (phys.); bear ones head high (with pride) X to be
( darrya) atomic energy, atomic or become long; to be or become
power; ( intjya) productive overbearing, presumptuous, display an
power, productional capacity, output arrogant behavior ( toward)
capacity lam and la-lam how
look up alphabetically often! often, frequently (with foll. verbal
clause) ( anna) while, as, the
tawq pl. -t encirclement,
more so as
encompassment, enclosure, surrounding,
ringing aul might, power
( . al-aul) the Almighty
iqa ability, faculty, aptitude,
power, capability, capacity l pl. awl length; size,
height, tallness . al-anh long-
muawwaq ringdove
suffering, longanimity, forbearance,
muq bearable, endurable, patience; . an-naar
tolerable farsightedness, hyperopia; ka
tkiy Tokyo a-. geographical longitude, degree of 575
1
longitude, meridian; and
) )la u (l) to be or become long; to lengthwise, longitudinally; la
last long; to lengthen, grow longer, (prep.) during, throughout, long, e.g.,
extend, be protracted, become drawn out; ( mudda) during this period,
to surpass, excel ( or s.o.) during all this time, ( nahr) all
( zamanu) it took a long time day (long); as long as;
before he ...; this will (would) (with foll. genit.) along, along, side of;
take me too long; ( eg.) straight ahead; straightway,
(zamanu, qaura) sooner or later, before directly; at last, finally, after all;
long II to make long or longer, lengthen, ( wa-arih) throughout the
elongate, stretch out, prolong, extend, country, all over the country;
protract ( s.th.); to be very elaborate, (eg.) have mercy on me!
very detailed, very exhaustive,
longwinded, prolix; to grant a delay or l of length, linear, longitudinal
respite ( to s.o.) ( blah) to ( ka) geographical longitude,
be patient with III to keep putting off ( degree of longitude, meridian
s.o. in or with s.th.); to vie for power, uwwal a long-legged waterfowl
greatness or stature, contend, compete (
awwla, iwala (prep.) during,
with s.o.), rival, emulate ( s.o.) IV to
throughout; along, alongside of
make long or longer, lengthen, elongate,
stretch out, extend, prolong, protract, draw awl pl. iwl long; large,
out ( or s.th.); to take too long, find big, tall; high; name of a poetical
no end to keep s.o. waiting a meter; awlan long (adv.), a long
long time; ( lisnah) to speak in time . al-ajal longterm, long-
a forward manner, be pert, saucy, insolent dated; . al-anh long-suffering
in speech; ( naara) he kept forbearing, patient; mighty,
staring at him; he stayed a long powerful; capable, efficient; generous,
time VI to become long, be lengthened, be liberal, openhanded; . ar-r
extended, be prolonged; to stretch up, long-suffering, forbearing, patient;
stretch o.s.; to stretch ( for), crane one'.
 tall; insolent, impertinent, ( It. tonnellata) nola ton
pert, saucy
uwl long
uwla pl. -t stable
lata (prep.) during, throughout,
long
auln measured lengthwise,
longitudinal
awal2, f. longer, larger,
bigger, taller; extremely tall, very long
tawl lengthening, elongation,
stretching, extension, prolongation,
protraction; elaborateness, exhaustiveness,
prolixity, long-windedness
ila lengthening, elongation,
stretching, extension, prolongation,
protraction; elaborateness, exhaustiveness,
prolixity, long-windedness
istila overbearing attitude,
haughtiness, presumptuousness, arrogance
il long; huge, immense, ample,
enormous (of funds); use, avail; might,
power, force . a-aula
mighty, powerful, forceful; and
( ) )ila) of no use, of no avail,
useless, unavailing, futile; to
accomplish nothing, be unsuccessful, fail
ila might, power, force;
vengeance, revenge, retribution,
retaliation to be to be hungry, suffer hunger, starve IV =
subject to punishment by law;
( . il-maut) under penalty of death
muawwal elaborate, detailed,
exhaustive, circumstantial
mutatwil long-extended, long-
stretched, long-protacted, prolonged,
lengthy
mustal long, oblong,
elongate(d), long-stretched; protracted,
prolonged, long drawn out; a rectangle, an
oblong; a saucy, presumptuous person
3
look up alphabetically
Tulkarm (town in NW Jordan)
mr pl. awmr2 roll, scroll (ayya) herein enclosed, herewith (in a
nahr a-na the Danube river
aw i ( ayy) to fold, fold up, fold in,
fold over, fold under, roll up ( s.th.); to
shut, close ( a book); to keep secret,
secrete, conceal, hide ( s.th.); to harbor,
hold, contain ( s.th.); to swallow up,
envelop, wrap up. Enwrap 576 ( s.o.; of
the dark of night); to settle finally, bury (
the past), have done with s.th. in the past (
;)to cross, traverse ( s.th., esp. a
country); to cover quickly ( the way, the
distance, to); to spend, pass ( a period
of time) ; to possess o.s. take possession (
of), appropriate ( s.th.); pass.
uwiya al (= to be folded around or over,
i.e.) to bear (within itself), harbor, contain,
involve s.th. ( l-ara
ayyan) to rush through a country; .l.~ .s).
(biodlaAu) to be finished, be done, come
to an end, finish; to settle
an affair once and for all, wind up an
affair; ( jawniah) to
harbor s.th., conceal s.th. in ones heart;
( )( kaah, kaan)
and ( adrah) to harbor or
look (a secret) in ones bosom, keep s.th.
secret, secrete, conceal, hide s.th.;
( afatah) to have done with s.th.,
be through with s.th., give up, abandon
s.th.; to hurry or rush to;
( l-miya ayya
s-sijilli) to break with the past, let bygones
be bygones; -- awiya a ( awan)
awiya V to coil (snake) VII to be folded,
be folded up, in, over, or under, be rolled
up, be turned (over) (page, leaf), be shut
(book, etc.); to go by, pass, elapse (time);
to disappear, vanish; to be covered
(distance); to be bidden, be concealed (
under), be enveloped, be wrapped (
in); to contain, comprise, encompass,
comprehend, embrace, involve, include (
s.th.); to harbor, nurse, bear (
feelings, esp. hatred, love)
to withdraw within o.s., be self-centered,
be introverted
ayy concealment, biding; (pl.
aw) fold, pleat ayyah and
letter); ( . il-gaib) secretly,
covertly; ( )( . il-kitmn)
 under the seal of secrecy; ( with or sweet, to sweeten ( s.th.); to scent,
foll. genit.) in perfume ( s.o., s.th.); to spice, season (
ayya pl. -t fold, pleat food), mull ( wine); to sanitate,
involve, comprise, contain improve ( air, drinking water); to heal,
cure ( s.o.); to massage ( s.o.)
ya intention, design ( ) to mollify, soothe, placate,
he went to his destination; he left in conciliate s.o., set s.o.s mind at rest;
order to do what he had in mind; he went ( tarhu) may God make his earth
his way light (a eulogy added after mentioning the
awan hunger; mat on name of a pious deceased) III to joke, jest,
an empty stomach, without having eaten banter, make fun ( with s.o.) IV to make (
s.th.) good, pleasant, agreeable,
awya pl. awy fold, pleat; delightful, delicious, or sweet, to sweeten
innermost thoughts, real conviction, true ( s.th.) V to perfume o.s. X and
mind; intention, design; conscience istayaba to find or deem ( s.th.)
guileless artless; ( with foll. good, pleasant, agreeable, delightful,
genit.) inside, within, in, amid delicious, sweet; to like ( s.th.), be fond (
awya pl. -t frying pan of)
mawan pl. mawin pocket b goodness; (pl. uyb)
knife, penknife; pl. folds, pleats scent, perfume . al-irq noble
( with foll. genit.) inside, within, in, birth, noble descent; jauz a-.
amid; inwardly, at heart, in his nutmeg
bosom ayyib good; pleasant, agreeable;
miwah pocket knife, penknife delicious; gay; well-disposed, friendly,
kindly; well, in good health .
iniw introversion (psych.) al-kulq good-natured, genial;
( nafs) do. sweet-smelling, fragrant, sweet-scented;
iniw introverted (psych.) . a1-irq highborn, of noble
descent; . an-nafs gay, cheerful,
win starved . l-ban
cheery, in high spirits
starved, lean, emaciated
ayyibt nice, pleasant things;
mawy folded up, infolded, rolled
gustatory delights, pleasures of the table
up, etc.; bearing (within itself),
harboring, containing, involving s.th. ba goodness; good nature,
harboring s.th. in ones geniality gladly, most
bosom willingly, with pleasure
munawin: self- b blessedness, beatitude;
absorbed, low-spirited, depressed Beatitude (title of honor of a patriarch;
1 Chr.)
) )ba i (b, ba) to be good,
pleasant, agreeable; to be or become 577 ayb, iyb (eg.) north wind
delightful, delicious; to please ( s.o.), be ayyb pl. -n masseur
to s.o.s ( )liking; to be or become ripe,
to ripen; to regain health, recover, ayab2 better; -- pl. ayib2
recuperate, convalesce the best parts (of s.th.); pleasures,
(lailatukum) may your night be pleasant! comforts, amenities; delicacies, dainties
good night! ( nafsuh) he was mayib2 comforts, amenities
gay, cheerful, cheery, in good spirits, he (e.g., of life)
felt happy; ( nafsanl) to give up
s.th. gladly, renounce s.th. willingly; muyaba pl. -t banter, joke,
( nafsuh) he had a liking for it, it jest, teasing remark
was to his taste II to make ( s.th.) good, ib unobjectionable ( for; Isl.
pleasant, agreeable, delightful, delicious, Law)
 muayyab bouquet, bunch (of aira commotion, agitation (of
flowers) anger, wrath); flight; female bird
2
ba2 Thebes ra, iyra evil omen, portent,
foreboding
) )aa i (ai) to perish, die II to lose (
s.th.) ayyr flying; evanescent, fleeting;
volatile (liquid); floating, wafting,
) )ra i ( ayarn) to fly;
to fly away, fly off, take to the wing; to hovering; (pl. -n) flyer, aviator, pilot
hasten, hurry, rush, fly ( to); to be in a volatile oils; ( awwal) a
state of commotion, be jubilant, exult, military rank, approx.: first lieutenant of
rejoice; to snatch away, carry away, the Air Force (Eg. 1939); ( nin)
carry off (s.o., s.th.) ( bi- approx.: second lieutenant of the Air
kaylih) to let ones imagination wander Force (Eg. 1939)
to; ( t) his fame spread ayyra pl. -t aviatrix, woman
among people, he became well-known; pilot; airplane, aircraft, kite (toy)
( iruh) to become angry, blow ( riyya) sport plane;
ones top; ( aqluh) to lose ones (qaddfa) bomber; seaplane
mind, go crazy; )(
ayarn flying, flight; aviation,
(fuduh, ruh aan) his mind
aeronautics ( bahlawn)
became confused, he became all mixed
stunt flying; ( ir) glider
up; ( faraan) to be beside o.s.
flying, gliding; airlines;
with joy, be overjoyed; ( bi-lubbih)
air force; minister of
to drive s.o. out of his mind;
aviation
(bi-awbih) to make s.o. unconscious II
to make or let fly ( , s.o., s.th.), to fly, mar pl. -t airfield, airport O
send up ( s.th., e.g., a balloon, a kite); to aircraft carrier
pass on 578 promptly, dispatch posthaste, mara airfield, airport
forward without delay, rush, shoot (
s.th. to, esp. a report, a message); to knock mar airfield, airport
out ( s.th., e.g., an eye, a tooth) taayyur pessimism
( rasah) to chop off s.o.s head,
behead s.o. IV to make or let fly ( s.o., ir flying; flyer, aviator, pilot;
s.th.), to fly ( s.th.): to blow away ( (pl. -t, air) bird; omen, presage
s.th.; of the wind); to make ( s.th.) graveness, sedateness;
disappear at once, dispel ( s.th.) V to see ( maimn) good luck Godspeed!
an evil omen ( or in) VI to be (said to s.o. setting out on a journey);
scattered, be dispersed, scatter, disperse, ( iruh) to become angry, blow
spread, diffuse; to be exuded, rise ones top
(fragrance); to fly apart, fly about, fly in ira pl. -t airplane, aircraft
all directions (esp. sparks); to vanish, ( mani -.) aboard the
disappear, be dispelled X to make fly, airplane; by (air)plane (e.g., traveling);
cause to fly ( s.th.); to knock ( s.th.) out ( barya) seaplane; O
of s.o.s hand; to alarm or upset seriously ( ( daurya) (short-range)
s.o.), agitate, excite ( s.o., s.th.); = reconnaissance plane, observation plane;
VI; pass. ustura to be terrified ( irya) sailplane, glider;
( aqluh) to go out of ones . al-murada fighter, pursuit
mind (with astonishment or fright) plane, interceptor; ( amdya)
air (coll. and n. un.) pl. uyr, helicopter; light bomber, combat
ayr birds, bird; augury, omen; plane; . al-muqala do.; O
poultry; fowl predatory or dive
birds, birds of prey; ilm a-uyr bomber; seaplane;
ornithology; ( kaanna, (naffa) jet plane; . an-naql
aira) motionless or silent with awe
 transport (plane); O and O n pl. ayn clay, potters
aircraft carrier clay, argil; soil; basis, foundation
( kazaf) kaolin, porcelain clay;
mutaayyir pessimist
zda -na ballatan to make things
mustar imminent, impending, worse, aggravate or complicate the
threatening (of disaster); scattered, situation
dispersed; spread out, spread all over,
scattered about; widespread; pessimist na clay, potters clay, argil; stuff,
material, substance (of which s.th. is
) )a i (ai, ayan) to be made); kind, specific character,
inconstant, changeable, fickle, disposition, constitution, nature
lightheaded, thoughtless, heedless,
ayyn mortar carrier, hod carrier
frivolous, reckless, undecided, confused,
helpless, 579 aimless, desultory; to miss
the mark (of an arrow, also ;) to
stray ( from the target), miss ( a spot,
e.g., said of the hand) name of the letter
(sahmuh) to be on the wrong track, bark
up the wrong tree, be unsuccessful, fail; ir wet nurse
( awbuh) to lose ones head aby pl. ib gazelle (Gazella dorcas)
ai inconsistency, fickleness; abya pl. abayt female gazelle
recklessness, heedlessness, rashness;
irr sharp-edged stone, flint
thoughtlessness; lightheadedness, levity,
frivolity aribn, irbn pl. arbn2,
arby polecat, fitchew
ayan inconstancy, fickleness;
recklessness, heedlessness, rashness; arufa u (arf, arfa) to be
thoughtlessness; lightheadedness, levity, charming, chic, nice, elegant, neat; to be
frivolity witty, full of esprit II to adorn, embellish,
polish ( s.o., s.th.), impart charm (
iya inconstancy, fickleness;
to s.o., to s.th.); to put ( s.th.) into an
recklessness, heedlessness, rashness;
envelope, cover or wrap, to envelop, wrap
thoughtless; lightheadedness, levity,
up, cover ( s.th.) V to affect charm or
frivolity
elegance, display affectedness; to show
i inconstant, changeable, o.s. elegant, witty, full of esprit VI = V; I
fickle; lightheaded, frivolous; thoughtless, to deem or find ( s.o., s.th.) elegant,
heedless, reckless; undecided, confused, charming, adroit, witty, etc.
perplexed, helpless; aimless, desultory,
arf elegance, gracefulness, grace,
purposeless
charm; cleverness, resourcefulness; 580
) )fa i (aif) to appear to s.o. ( )in wittiness, esprit; -- (pl. urf)
his sleep (of a specter) vessel, receptacle, container; covering,
aif pl. ayf, uyf wrap, cover; (letter) envelope; capsule,
fantacy, phantasm; vision, apparition; case; (gram.) adverb denoting place or
phantom, specter, ghost; spectrum (phys.) time; pl. circumstances, conditions
or within, in a (given)
aif spectral, spectroscopic period of; ( mukaffifa) and
miyf spectroscope extenuating circumstances;
( muawwir) spectrograph ( muaddida) aggravating
circumstances; bi-asabi a-
see . according to circumstances, depending
ailasn pl. aylisa a shawl-like on the circumstances
garment worn over head and shoulders
II to daub or coat with clay ( s.th.)
 arf adverbial
(bayyina) or dall circumstantial
evidence
arf pl. uraf2, f.
arif elegant, graceful, charming; full of
esprit, witty, nice, fine
arfa elegance, gracefulness,
grace, charm; esprit, wittiness
tarf wittiness, brilliant and
witty manner
taarruf gracefulness, grace,
elegance, charm, wittiness, esprit
marf pl. marf2
envelope
afir victorious, successful,
triumphant; (pl. )young man, youth
(ij.)
ufr pl. afr2 nail,
fingernail, toenail; claw, talon
fir victorious, triumphant;
successful; victor, conqueror
muaffar victorious, successful,
triumphant
alla (1st pers. perf. aliltu) a (all.
ull) to be; to become, turn into,
grow into; (with foll. imperf., participle or
:) to continue to do s.th., go on doing
s.th., persevere in doing s.th.,

mutaarrif elegant, dandy, fop stick to s.th., remain, persist in, e.g.,
( yaskunu l-baita) he continued to
mustaraf elegant live in the house; he remained
luxury articles, fancy goods silent, persisted in his silence;
aana a (an) to move away, leave, (mauqif) to persist in a standpoint or
depart attitude II to shade, overshadow ( s.o.,
s.th.), cast a shadow ( over s.o., over
an departure, start, journey, trek s.th.); to screen, shelter, protect ( s.o.,
(esp. of a caravan) s.th.); to preserve, guard, maintain, keep
ana pl. uun, an up 581
camel-borne sedan chair for women; a ( s.th.) IV = II; V to be shaded ( by),
woman in such a sedan sit in the shadow ( of) X = V; to protect
in ephemeral, transient, o.s. from the sun ( by or through s.th.),
transitory hide in the shadow ( of s.th.), seek the
shadow ( of s.th.); to place s.o. under the
afira a (afar) to be successful, succeed, protection or patronage of s.o. (), seek
be victorious, be triumphant; to gain a shelter or refuge with s.o. (), be under
victory ( or over), conquer, the patronage or protection of s.o. ()
vanquish, defeat, overcome, surmount,
overwhelm ( or s.o., s.th.), get the ill pl. ill, ull,
better ( or of s.o., of s.th.); to seize ( all shadow, shade, umbra; shelter,
or s.o., s.th.), take posession ( or protection, patronage; shading, hub;
of s.o., of s.th.); to get, obtain, attain, slightest indication, semblance, trace,
achieve, gain, win ( or s.th.) II to glimpse (of s.th.); tangent (geom.)
grant victory ( or to s.o. over), (with foll. genit.) under the protection or
make ( s.o.) triumph, render ( s.o.) patronage of, under the auspices of; under
victorious ( or over) IV = II; VI to the sovereignty of; under the
ally, enter into an alliance or confederacy, protection or patronage of, under the
join forces ( against) auspices of; insufferable,
repugnant (of a person); likable,
ufur, ufr, ifr pl. afr, nice (of a person); ( istatqala) to
afir2, afr2 nail, fingernail; dislike s.o., find s.o. in sufferable,
toenail; claw, talon )( unbearable, a bore; )(
from (the days of) his earliest youth, since taqallaa illuh his prestige or authority
his earliest youth or adolescence; faded, diminished; it decreased,
youthful, of tender age diminished, dwindled away, waned
afar victory, triumph
 ulla pl. ulal awning. marquee, ulma pl. -t misdeed, wrong,
canopy, sheltering hut or tent, shelter; iniquity, injustice, outrage
shack, shanty; kiosk, stall; beach chair alam2 darker, duskier, gloomier,
all shady, shaded, umbrageous murkier; a viler, more infamous, more
heinous villain
mialla, maalla pl. -t,
umbrella, parasol, sunshade; lamp shade; malima pl. malim2
awning; O veranda, porch d misdeed, wrong, iniquity. act of injustice,
al-m. Feast of Tabernacles, Sukkoth outrage
(Jud.); ( wqiya) parachute; ilm darkness, gloom 582
do.; jund al-m. pl.
) )paratrooper lim pl. -n, ullm,
alama unjust, unfair, iniquitous,
miall pl. -n paratrooper; pl. tyrannical, oppressing; tyrant, oppressor;
paratroops, airborne troops offender, transgressor, sinner
muallil shady, shadowy, malm wronged, ill-treated,
umbrageous, shading, causing shadow unjustly treated, tyrannized
muill shady, shadowy, mulim dark, dusky, gloomy,
umbrageous, shading, causing shadow tenebrous, murky
alaa a (al) to limp, walk with a limp,
amia a ( ama, am,
walk lamely ama) to thirst, be thirsty II to
ali lame make ( s.o.) thirst
ilf pl. ulf, cloven hoof im, and am thirst
alama i (alm, ulm) to do wrong or evil; amn, f. am thirsty
to wrong, treat unjustly, ill-treat, oppress, mi thirsty
beset, harm, suppress, tyrannize ( s.o.),
commit outrage ( upon s.o.); to act the anna (1st pers. perf. anantu) u (ann) to
tyrant, act tyrannically ( toward or against think, believe, assume, presume, suppose (
s.o.); -- alima a and IV to be or grow s.th.); to bold, think, deem, consider (
dark, dusky, gloomy, murky, tenebrous, or s.o. to be s.o. or s.th.; s.th. to be
darken, darkle V to complain ( of, s.th.); to suspect ( or s.o.) to
about) VII and VIII ialama to suffer think s.o. capable of doing s.th., believe of
injustice, be wronged s.o. that he would do s.th.;
(aadan yunkiru) I dont think that anyone
ulm wrong; iniquity; injustice,
can deny; ( tuklifun) I dont
inequity, unfairness; oppression,
believe that you can contradict me;
repression, suppression, tyranny;
( qudrata) he considered him
ulman unjustly, wrongfully
capable of ...; ( unna) to
ulma pl. -t, ulumt, ulamt, think ill of s.o., have a low opinion of s.o.;
ulam darkness, duskiness, gloom, ( gaba) to suspect s.o. of
murkiness bar a-. the stupidity IV to suspect ( s.o.) V to
Atlantic Ocean surmise, form conjectures
alm2 darkness ( laila) ann pl. unn opinion, idea,
pitch-dark night assumption, view, belief, supposition;
alm darkness, duskiness, gloom, doubt, uncertainty usn a-.
murkiness good opinion; s a-. low
opinion, distrust; or
alm evildoer, villain, malefactor,
rogue, scoundrel, tyrant, oppressor most probably, most likely;
it is very likely that ...; ( annan)
alm pl. ilmn male ostrich since he believed that ...;
(annuka) what is one to think of ...;
 ( asuna annuh) to have a good make known, expound, set forth ( s.th.);
opinion of s.o., think well of s.o.; to develop ( film; phot.); to grant victory
( asana -anna) do.; to have ( to s.o. over), render victorious (
a low opinion of s.o., think ill of s.o.; s.o. over); to acquaint ( s.o. with
( asa) do. s.th.), initiate ( s.o. into s.th.), give
knowledge or information ( to s.o.
ann resting on mere assumption,
about), inform, enlighten ( s.o.
presumptive, supposed, hypothetical
about), explain ( to s.o. s.th.); to let (
inna pl. inan suspicion, s.o.) in on s.th. (), make ( s.o.) realize
misgiving ( s.th.); to show, reveal ( to s.o.
ann suspicious, suspect(ed); s.th.); to articulate fully VI to manifest,
unreliable, untrustworthy ( with regard display, show outwardly, exhibit, parade (
to); a suspect s.th.); to feign, affect, pretend, simulate,
( s.th.), act as if, make out as if ( ;)to
ann suspicious, distrustful demonstrate, make a public
mainna pl. mann2 time or demonstration; to help one another, make
place where one expects s.th.; (with foll. common cause ( against) X to show,
genit. or suffix) place where s.th. or s.o. is demonstrate, expose ( s.th.); to
presumably to be found, its most likely memorize, learn by heart ( s.th.); to
location, the most likely place for it (or know by heart ( s.th.); to seek help,
him) to be; suspicion, misgiving assistance, or support ( with), appeal for
I looked for him where I expected help, for assistance ( to .o.); to
to find him, where he presumably was; overcome, surmount, conquer, vanquish (
in places where he couldnt s.o., s.th.), have or gain the upperhand
possibly be ( over), get the better ( of)
mann supposed, presumed, ahr cast iron and
assumed; suspicious, suspect(ed) see
anbb pl. anbb2 shinbone ahr pl. uhr, ahur
back; rear, rear part, rear aide, reverse;
ahara a ( uhr) to be or become flyleaf; deck (of a steamer); upper part,
visible, perceptible, distinct, manifest, top, surface; uhrt (as a genit.;
clear, apparent, evident, obvious ( to eg.) pro tempore, provisional, temporary
s.o.), come to light, appear, manifest itself, silsilat a-. spine, vertebral
come into view, show, emerge, crop up; to column; ahran li-banin upside
appear, seem ( to s.o.); to break out down, topsy-turvy; ( aqib)
(disease); to come out; to appear, be from the ground up, radically, entirely,
published (book, periodical); to arise, completely; bi-. il-gaib behind
result ( from); to ascend, climb, mount ( s.o.s back, insidiously, treacherously;
s.th.); to gain the upperhand, to triumph secretly, stealthily, clandestinely;
( over), get the better ( of), in their midst, among them;
overcome, overwhelm, conquer, vanquish from our midst, from among us;
( s.o.); to get ( s.th.) into ones on (e.g., on the ground, on the water.
power; to gain or have knowledge ( etc.), on board the steamer;
of), come to know ( s.th.), become ( . al-qalb), ( .
acquainted ( with); to know ( s.th.); qalbin) or ( . il-gaib) by
to learn, 583 receive information ( heart; ( mustakdam)
about); to be cognizant ( of); to learn ( temporary employee
s.th.) II to endorse ( a bill of
exchange) III to help, assist, aid, support ( uhr pl. ahr noon, midday;
s.o.) IV to make visible, make apparent, (f.) midday prayer (Isl. Law) in
show, demonstrate, present, produce, the afternoon, p.m.; in the
bring to light, expose, disclose, divulge, forenoon, a.m.
reveal, manifest, announce, proclaim,
 ihr: )( to pay no tahur dissimulation, feigning,
attention to s.th., not to care about s.th. pretending, pretension; hypocrisy,
disregard s.th. dissemblance; (pl. -t) (public)
ahr helper, assistant, aid, demonstration, rally
supporter; partisan, backer; back (in hir (of God) mastering,
soccer); (mor.) decree, edict, ordinance knowing ( s.th.); visible, perceptible,
ur appearance; visibility, distinct, manifest, obvious, conspicuous,
clear, patent, evident, apparent; external,
conspicuousness; pomp, splendor, show,
ostentation, window-dressing exterior, outward; seeming, presumed,
ostensible, alleged; outside, exterior,
ubb a-. ostentatiousness, love of pomp;
surface; outskirts, periphery (of a city);
d a-. Epiphany (Chr.)
(gram.) substantive; (pl. awhir2)
a-ahrn Dhahran (town in external sense, literal meaning (specif., of
extensive oil region of E Saudi Arabia) Koran and Prophetic Tradition);
baina ahrnaihim in their hiran externally, outwardly; seemingly,
midst, among them presumedly, ostensibly, allegedly
. al-laf the literal meaning of an
ahra outside, right side (of a expression; it seems, it appears
garment); blanket (e.g., of a mule) that ...; asaba -. in outward
ahra noon, midday, midday appearance, externally, outwardly;
heat apparently, obviously, evidently;
and ( . il-amr) seen
ahar2 more distinct, more outwardly, externally; outwardly;
manifest, clearer from outside
mahar pl. mahir2 hir outer, outside, external,
(external) appearance, external make-up, exterior, outward; superficial; Zahiritic,
guise; outward bearing, comportment, interpreting the Koran according to its
conduct, behavior; exterior, look(s), sight, literal meaning
view; semblance, aspect; bearer or object
of a phenomenon, object in which s.th. hira pl. awhir2
584 manifests itself; phenomenon; phenomenon, outward sign or token,
symptom (med.); pl. manifestations, external symptom or indication
expressions m. al-ayh . al-ayh biological phenomena
manifestations of life (biol.); (biol.); ilm a-. al-
externally, in outward appearance, gawwya meteorology;
outwardly (awhira) to keep up appearances
tahr endorsement, transfer by mutahir pl. -n demonstrator
endorsement (of a bill of exchange; com.) name of the letter
ihr pre-Islamic form of divorce,
consisting in the words of repudiation:
you are to me like my mothers back (

anti 'alayya ka-ahri umm)
muhara assistance, support,
backing; (pl. -t) (public) demonstration, abba u (abb) to drink in large draughts,
rally gulp down ( s.th.); to pour down, toss
down ( a drink); to lap up, drink avidly (
ihr presentation, exposition, s.th.)
demonstration, exhibition, disclosure,
exposure, revelation, announcement, ubb, ibb breast pocket
declaration, manifestation, display; ubb f. torrents, floods; waves,
developing (phot.) billows
 yabb torrential river
abaa a with negation; not to care
about, not to give a hoot for, pay no
attention to, attach no importance to, not
to insist on ( yubau)
unimportant, insignificant;
indifferent, unconcerned II to prepare,
arrange ( s.th.); to array, set up ( s.th.);
to mobilize, call up ( jaian an army);
to fill, pack ( s.th. with); 585 to load,
charge ( s.th. with); to draw off,
decant ( s.th. into), bottle ( s.th.)
ib pl. ab load, burden (
on), encumbrance ( to)
i. al-itbt burden of proof (jur.);
or to take all burdens (pl. ibad) servant (of God), human
upon o.s., carry all burdens
ab pl. abia aba, cloak-
like, woolen wrap (occasionally striped)
aba pl. -t aba, a cloak-like,
woolen wrap (occasionally striped)
tabia mobilization; drafting,
conscription; filling, drawing off, bottling
bi see under verb I
abita a (abat) to fool around, indulge in
horseplay, commit a folly; to play, joke,
jest ( with); to toy, play a frivolous game
( with), mock ( s.o., s.th.); to play
(absent-mindedly), fidget, fuas, dawdle,
fiddle ( with s.th., e.g., while talking); to
handle, manipulate ( s.th.), tinker (
with); to abuse ( s.th.); to commit an
offense ( against), violate ( s.th.),
infringe, encroach ( upon); to impair,
injure ( s.th.) III to amuse o.s., make fun,
play around, banter, dally ( with s.o.),
tease ( s.o.), play a trick, prank or joke (
on s.o.)
abat (frivolous) play; pastime,
amusement; joke, jest; mockery;
abatan in vain, futilely, to no avail,
Uselessly, fruitlessly it is
foolish and useless to ...;
( iataa, yujbah) but he couldnt
give him an answer
mubata pl.-t teasing, joke or
prank played on s.o.; funmaking, jesting,
banter, raillery
bit joking, jocular; mocking,
scornful; frivolous; wanton, wicked,
outrageous; offender, transgressor,
evildoer, sinner
1
abada u ( ibada, ubda,
ubdya) to serve, worship ( a god),
adore, venerate ( s.o., a god or human
being), idolize, deify ( s.o.) II to enslave,
enthrall, subjugate, subject ( s.o.); to
improve, develop, make serviceable, make
passable for traffic ( a road) V to devote
o.s. to the service of God X to enslave,
enthrall, subjugate ( s.o.)
abd pl. abd, ubdn,
ibdn slave, serf; bondsman, servant; --
being, man; humanity, mankind
= I (form of modesty);
do.
abdallw (eg.) a
variety of melon
abda pl. -t woman slave, slave
girl, bondwoman
abbd: and
a. a-ams sunflower (Helianthus annuus
L.)
ibda worship, adoration,
veneration; devotional service, divine
service (Chr.); pl. -t acts of devotion,
religious observances (Isl. Law)
ubda humble veneration,
homage, adoration, worship; slavery, serf-
dom; servitude, bondage
ubdya humble veneration,
homage, adoration, worship; slavery,
serfdom; servitude, bondage
mabad pl. mabid2 place of
worship; house of God, temple
tabd enslavement, enthrallment,
subjugation, subjection; paving, pavement
t. a-uruq road construction
586
taabbud piety, devoutness,
devotion, worship; hagiolatry, worship or
cult of saints (Chr.)
istibd enslavement,
enthrallment, subjugation
 bid pl. -n, ibd, abada ibra pl. ibar admonition,
worshiper, adorer, monition, warning; (warning or deterring)
mabd worshiped, adored; deity, example, lesson, advice, rule, precept (to
godhead; idol be followed); consideration befitting s.th.;
that which has to be considered, be taken
mabda ladylove, adored into consideration or account, that which
woman is of consequence, of importance, s.th.
mabad passable, smooth, decisive or consequential
improved (road) mauin al-i. the salient point, the crucial
point; ( ibrata) it deserves no
mutaabbid pious, devout; pious attention, it is of no consequence; or
worshiper (Chr.) the crucial factor(s) is (are) ...,
abadn2 Abadan (island and town in W decisive is (are) ...; ( li-man) it is
Iran, oil center) of no consequence if s.o.
abara u (abr, ubr) to cross, ibra pl. -t explanation,
traverse ( s.th.); to ford ( s.th.), wade ( interpretation; mode of expression,
through s.th.); to swim ( s.th. or across diction; word; sentence, clause, phrase,
s.th.); to pass ( over s.th.); to ferry ( a idiom, expression ( ukr) in
river, and the like); to carry s.o. other words, expressed otherwise;
across or over s.th.; to pass, elapse (time), ibratan fa-ibratan sentence by
fade, dwindle; to pass away, die, depart; -- sentence, word by word;
abira (abar) to shed tears II to interpret ( consisting in; tantamount to, equivalent to,
a dream); to state clearly, declare, meaning ...
assert, utter, express, voice ( s.th.), give ibrn Hebrew, Hebraic; a
expression ( to a feeling); to designate ( Hebrew; or Hebrew, the
s.th. with or by); to determine the Hebrew language
weight of a coin (), weigh ( a coin)
VIII to be taught a lesson, be warned; to mabar pl. mabir2 crossing
learn a lesson, take warning, to learn, take point, crossing, traverse, passage(way);
an example ( from); to consider, weigh, ford; pass, pass road, defile; O lobby
take into account or consideration ( mibar pl. mabir2 medium
s.th.), allow, make allowances ( for for crossing, ferry, ferryboat; bridge 587
s.th.); to acknowledge a quality ( )in s.o.
tabr interpretation (of a dream);
( ;)to deem, regard, take ( s.o. s.th.
assertion, declaration, expression,
as), look ( at s.th. as); to esteem,
utterance ( of a feeling); (pl. -t)
honor, revere, value, respect, hold in
expression (in general, also artistic); (pl.
esteem ( s.o.), have regard ( for s.o.) to
tabr2) (linguistic) expression,
shed tears, weep
phrase, term ( kar) in other
abr crossing, traversing, transit; words, expressed otherwise
passage; fording; abra (prep.) across,
tabr expressional, expressive,
over; beyond, on the other side of
emotive
ubr crossing, traversing, transit;
itibr respect, regard, deference,
passage; fording
esteem; (pl. -t) consideration, regard;
abr fragrance, scent, perfume, reflection, contemplation; approach,
aroma; bouquet (of wine) outlook, point of view, view ) )
ibr Hebrew, Hebraic; (pl. -n) a (itibran) with respect to, with regard to,
Hebrew; or Hebrew, the in consideration of, considering .... in
Hebrew language view of (s.th.); from, as of,
beginning ..., starting with ..., effective
abra pl. abart, ibar tear from ... (with foll. indication of time);
with respect to, with regard to,
 in consideration of, considering in view of ab pl. uba2 stupid, imbecile,
(s.th.); bi-tibri an considering idiotic, silly, foolish
(the fact) that ..., with regard to the fact itiban at random, haphazardly,
that ..., in view of the fact that ...; provided arbitrarily
that ..., with the proviso that ...; as,
in terms of, in the opacity of, e.g., abiqa a (abaq) to cling ( to), linger (
( aqdama l- on, of ascent); to be fragrant, exhale
wuzari) the Foreign Minister in his fragrance; to be filled, be redolent ( with
capacity of senior-ranking minister; a scent, etc.)
from this standpoint, from this abiq fragrant, redolent, exhaling
viewpoint; considering (the fragrance
fact) that ..., with regard to the fact that ...,
in view of the fact that ...; on the abqa pressure (on the chest),
assumption that ...; from this feeling of suffocation
standpoint, from this viewpoint; biq fragrant, redolent, exhaling
in every respect; fragrance 588
(aqqatan) from a subjective point of
view or in reality abqar legendary place inhabited by jinn;
fairyland, wonderland
itibr based on a subjective
approach or outlook; relative abqar multicolored, colorful
( akya) legal person (jur.) carpet; ingenious, genial; (pl. -n,
abqira) ingenious person, genius
bir passing; crossing, traversing,
etc. (see I); fleeting (smile); transient, abqarya ingenuity, genius
transitory, ephemeral; bygone, past, abak camlet (woolen fabric)
elapsed (time); (pl. -n) passerby O
' abl pl. ibl plump, well rounded,
intercontinental ballistic
chubby, fat (e.g., arms)
missile, ICBM
abl (coll.; n. un. )a variety of
muabbir interpreter ( of
wild rose, eglantine
feelings); expressive, significant
( raq) interpretative dancing abal granite
( i )musket, gun II = II; to fill, pack ( s.th. with); to
load, charge ( s.th. with)
abasa i (abs, ubs) to frown, knit
ones brows; to glower, lower, scowl, ubwa pl. -t package, pack (of an
look sternly to give s.o. an article, of a commodity); container with
angry look, scowl at s.o. II = I its contents
abs frowning, scowling; abya = aba q.v.
gloomy, dismal, melancholy; stern, ataba i u (atb, matab) to blame,
austere; ominous censure, reprove, scold ( s.o.); --
ubs gloominess, gloom, ataba bbah to cross the threshold of
dreariness; sternness, austerity, severity, s.o. II to hesitate, be slow, be tardy III to
gravity blame, censure, reprove, scold ( s.o.
for)
ubsa frown, scowl; glower,
gloomy look, a gloomy, morose, sullen or atb censure, blame, rebuke,
stern mien reproof, reprimand
abbs Abbaside; (pl. -n) an ataba pl. atab, atb
Abbaside doorstep, threshold; (door) lintel, also
( uly); step, stair
bis frowning, scowling; gloomy,
(sanya) (formerly:) His Highness the Bey
morose, sullen; austere, stern, severe
(Tun.); rafaah li-a. l-
 malik to present s.th. (e.g., a gift) most atik clear, pure, limpid (esp.
obediently to the king wine) 589
itb censure, blame, rebuke, atala u i (atl) to carry ( s.th.)
reproof, reprimand attl porter, carrier
mutaba censure, blame, rebuke, atala pl. atal crowbar
reproof, reprimand
itla porters or carriers trade;
atuda u ( atd) to be ready, be porterage
prepared IV to prepare, ready, make ready
( s.th.) atama i (atm) to hesitate II to darken,
obscure, cloud, black out ( s.th.); to
atd pl. atud, atida hesitate (esp. with neg.)
equipment; (war) material, matriel, it does not (did not) take long
ammunition ( arb) war until , before long ..., presently IV to
material, materiel, ammunition hesitate, waver
atd ready, prepared; future, ( coll.; n. un. )wild olive tree
forthcoming; venerable; solemn
atma dark, gloom, darkness
muattar (< )slovenly, floppy;
stupid; unfortunate atama first third of the night
atuqa u ( atqa) and ataqa i (atq, atma opacity, opaqueness; (pl.
itq) to grow old, age; to mature, mellow -t) darkness
(wine); -- ataqa i to be emancipated, be tatm darkening, obscuring,
free (slave) IV to free, set free, release, clouding
emancipate, manumit ( s.o., esp. a slave)
VII to free o.s., rid o.s. ( of) mutim dark
itq age, vintage (esp. of wine); pass. utiha (uth, atah, atha) to be
liberty (as opposed to slavery); or become idiotic, imbecile, dimwitted,
emancipation, freeing, manumission (of a feeble-minded, demented, insane, mad,
slave) crazy
atq old, ancient, antique; uth, atah idiocy, imbecility
matured, mellowed, aged (wine); of dimwittedness, feeble-mindedness
ancient tradition, long-standing; atha idiocy, imbecility,
antiquated, outmoded, obsolete; free, dimwittedness, feeble-mindedness
emancipated (slave); noble
old-fashioned math pl. math2 idiotic,
insane, mad, crazy; idiot, lunatic,
atqa age, vintage (esp. of wine) imbecile, demented person, insane person
itq freeing, liberation, ( and ( at u ( utw, uty,
manumission (of a slave) ity) to be insolent, refractory,
tiq pl. awtiq2 shoulder recalcitrant, unruly; to be violent, fierce,
( akadah) to take s.th. upon strong, wild, furious, raging (e.g., storms)
o.s., take over, assume s.th; V do.
( alq l-masliyata) to place the utw presumption, haughtiness,
responsibility on s.o.; to insolence, impertinence, arrogance;
be at s.o.s expense, fall to s.o. recalcitrance, unruliness, wildness,
muattaq mellowed, matured ferocity
(wine); old, ancient uty presumption, haughtiness
mutiq emancipator, liberator, insolence, impertinence, arrogUC8;
manumitter (of slaves) recalcitrance, unruliness, wildness,
ataka i to attack
 ferocity ( umr) to attain ( with) II to raise, swirl up ( al-
great age; to be far advanced in years gubra the dust; of the wind)
aty pl. at haughty, ajj crying, yelling; clamor, roar
impertinent, insolent; recalcitrant, ujja omelet
refractory, unruly, intractable, wild
ajj crying, yelling; clamor, roar
tin pl. uth presumptuous,
impudent, impertinent, insolent, arrogant; ajj (swirling) dust; smoke
violent, fierce, strong, wild, furious, ajja pl. -t cloud of dust;
raging (storm) billow of smoke
utt (coll.; n. un. )pl. utat moth ajjj crying, yelling, clamoring,
worm, moth larva; moth roaring, boisterous, vociferous; raging
matt moth-ridden, fall of (esp. sea)
moths, moth-eaten ajiba a (ajab) to wonder,
atara u i (atr, atr, itr) to marvel, be astonished, be amazed ( or
stumble, trip; to trip s.o., make s.o. at, over) II to strike with wonder or
stumble, make s.o. fall, fell s.o., topple astonishment, amaze, astonish, surprise (
s.o.; -- atara u ( utr) to come ( or s.o.) IV = II; to please, delight ( s.o.),
scroll), hit, light, strike, stumble ( or appeal ( to s.o.); -- pass. IV ujiba to
upon), find, discover, detect ( or admire ( s.o., s.th.), have a high opinion
s.o. s.th.) II to cause ( s.o.) to stumble, ( of); to be proud ( of), be vain (
trip ( s.o.), make ( s.o.) fall, topple ( about), glory ( in) ( ujiba)
s.o.) IV = II; to acquaint ( s.o. with to be conceited, be vain V to wonder,
s.th.); to lead ( s.o. to s.th.) V to marvel, be astonished, be amazed ( at,
stumble, trip; to stutter, stammer, speak over) X = V
brokenly ( bi-adyl l- ujb pride ( of, in), vanity ( in),
kaiba) to fail, meet with failure conceit
atra pl. atart stumbling, ajab astonishment, amazement;
tripping; false step, slip, fall (pl. ajb) wonder, marvel;
ajar a. stumbling block; ajaban how strange! how odd! How
(atratan) to be a stumbling block for s.o., astonishing! how remarkable! y
obstruct s.o.s way la-l-ajab oh, how wonderful!
atr discovery, detection ( of) (ajaba) no wonder! amrun
ajabun a wonderful, marvelous thing;
ityar dust, fine sand ( ujb) most prodigious
tr pl. awtr2 pitfall; happening, wonder of wonders
difficulty
ujb wonderful, wondrous,
mutaattir stumbling, tripping; marvelous, astonishing, amazing; see
speaking (a foreign language) brokenly; ajab
broken (of a foreign language) ajb wonderful, wondrous,
utmn Ottoman; (adj. and n.) 590 marvelous, admirable; astonishing,
amazing, remarkable, strange, odd
utnn pl. atnn2 beard
ajba pl. ajib wondrous
)and ( at u ( utw), at a
i (uty, ity) to act wickedly, do harm, thing, unheard of thing, prodigy, marvel,
miracle, wonder; pl. remarkable things,
cause mischief
curiosities, oddities
ajja i (ajj, ajj) to cry, yell, roar; to
the remarkable thing about the matter is
cry out for help ( to); to rage, roar; to
that ...
thunder, resound ( with); to swarm, teem
 ajab2 more wonderful, more
marvelous; more astonishing, more
remarkable
ujba pl. ajb2 incapable ( of)
wondrous thing; unheard-of thing,
prodigy, marvel, miracle, wonder
tajb arousing of admiration (
for s.th.), boosting ( of s.th.), publicity (
for s.th.)
ijb admiration ( for);
pleasure, satisfaction, delight ( in);
acclaim; pride; self-complacency, conceit
taajjub astonishment, amazement
istijb astonishment,
amazement
mujib causing admiration,
admirable
mujab admirer ( of s.o., of
s.th.); proud ( of), vain ( about)
( bi-nafsih) conceited, vain
mutaajjib amazed, astonished
ajar outgrowth, protuberance,
excrescence, projection
ajr (eg.) green, unripe
ujra pl. ujar knot, knob,
hump, protuberance, excrescence
ujaruh wa-bujaruh his (its)
obvious 591 and hidden shortcomings, all
his (its) faults
aggr (coll.; n. un. )a variety of
green melon, (eg.)
II taajrafa to be presumptuous,
arrogant, haughty
ajrafa presumption, arrogance,
haughtiness
ajaza i (ajz) and ajiza a to be
weak, lock strength, be incapable ( of),
be unable ( to do s.th.); -- ajaza u (
ujz) and ajuza u to age, grow old
(woman) ( ajaza, ajiza) not to
fail to ... II to weaken, debilitate, disable,
incapacitate, hamstring, cripple, paralyze (
s.o.) IV to weaken, debilitate, disable,
incapacitate, hamstring, cripple, paralyze
(. s.o.); to be impossible ( for s.o.); to
speak in an inimitable, or wonderful,
manner ( dabb, s.o.), overtake ( s.o.; esp. death), descend
may) to paralyze s.o.s every move;
( fahm) to make comprehension
impossible for s.o. X to deem ( s.o.)
ajz weakness, incapacity,
disability, failure, impotence ( for, to do
s.th.); deficit
' ajuz, ajz pl. ajz backside,
rump, posteriors a. an-nakl
stumps of palm trees;
( adr) to bring the rear to the
fore, i.e., to reverse conditions, make up
for a deficiency
ujz old age
ajz pl. ajiz2, ujuz
old woman; old man; old, advanced in
years
ajza posteriors, buttocks (of a
woman)
ijz inimitability, wondrous
nature (of the Koran)
jiz pl. awjiz2 weak,
feeble, powerless, impotent; incapable (
of), unable ( to do s.th.); -- (pl.
ajaza) physically weak; physically
disabled; decrepit isf
al-a. care for the aged
mujiz miracle (esp. one
performed by a prophet)
mujiza pl. -t miracle (esp. one
performed by a prophet)
ajaja to bellow, bawl, roar
ajaja clamor, roar, bellowing
ajaf 2, f. ajf2 pl. ijf
slender, slim, svelte; lean, emaciated
ajila a (ajal, ajala) to hurry,
hasten, speed, rush, be in a hurry; to rush,
hasten, hurry, come quickly ( to) II to
hurry, hasten, speed, rush, be in a hurry; to
bring about quickly, hasten on ( s.th.),
bring or take quickly ( s.th. to); to
hurry, rush, urge, impel, drive ( s.o.),
expedite, speed up, accelerate ( s.th.); to
pay in advance; to pay spot cash ( to
s.o. for) III to hurry in order to catch up (
, with s.o., with s.th.), rush, hurry ( ,
after s.o., after s.th.); to catch up ( with
swiftly ( , upon); to anticipate, forestall istijl speedy, expeditious;
( s.o. in or with) IV to hurry, rush, temporary, provisional
urge, impel, drive ( s.o.) jil pertaining to this world,
(waqtu) the time was too short for him worldly; temporal; immediate;
to ... V to hurry, hasten, speed, rush, be in jilan soon, presently, before long; at
a hurry; to seek to get ahead in a hurry; to once, immediately, instantly
hurry, rush, urge ( s.o. to); to (ukm) summary judgment (jur.);
anticipate, forestall ( , s.o., s.th.); to be sooner or later; now
ahead ( of s.th.), precede ( e.g., events); and in the future; sooner or
to receive at once, without delay ( a later; in the immediate
sum), receive spot cash future
(jawba) to demand a quick reply from
s.o. X to hurry, hasten, rush, speed, be in a jila fast train, express train;
hurry; to wish to expedite ( s.th.); to 592 life in this world, temporal existence
hurry, rush, urge, impel, drive ( s.o.), muajjal urgent, pressing;
expedite, speed up, accelerate ( s.th.) premature m. ar-rasm
ijl pl. ujl, ijala calf prepaid, postpaid (mail item);
i. al-bar sea calf, seal ( ukm, nafd) summary judgment,
sentence by summary proceedings (jur.)
ajal hurry, haste in a
hurry, hurriedly, speedily, quickly, fast, dafaa muajjalan to pay in
rapidly advance
ajil quick, fast, swift, speedy, mutaajjil hasty, rash, precipitate
rapid mustajil hurried, in a hurry
ajala hurry, haste; precipitance, mustajal expeditious, speedy;
precipitation urgent, pressing; precipitate, premature
ajala pl. -t wheel; bicycle O magistrate of summary
( sayyra) motorcycle; justice
steering wheel; O ( nrya) ajama u (ajm) to try, test, put to the test (
motorcycle s.o.) ( dah) to try, test s.o.,
ajl pl. ijl quick, fast, put s.o. to the test IV to provide ( a
swift, speedy, rapid letter) with a diacritical point (with
diacritical points) VII to be obscure,
ajl pl. ujul quick, fast, incomprehensible, unintelligible ( to
swift, speedy, rapid; hasty, precipitate, s.o.; language) X to become un-Arabic
rash
ajam (coll.) barbarians, non-
ujla work quickly thrown Arabs; Persians; or Persia
together, hastily prepared work, rush job;
O sketch (lit.); quickly compiled report ajam (coll.; n. un. )stone, kernel,
pit, pip, seed (of fruit)
ajln2, f. ajl, pl.
ajl, ijl quick, fast, swift, speedy, ajam pl. ajm barbarian,
hurried, rapid, hasty, cursory non-Arab; Persian (adj. and n.)
ajal2, f. ujl, pl. ujl ajma barbarism, incorrectness (in
quicker, faster; hastier; more cursory speaking Arabic)
tajl speeding-up, expediting, ajm2 pl. ajmawt
acceleration (dumb) beast
istijl hurry, haste; ajam2, f. ajm2, pl.
precipitance, precipitation ajim2 speaking incorrect Arabic; dumb,
( wajhi l-ist.) expeditiously, speechless; barbarian, non-Arab,
speedily foreigner, alien; a Persian 593
 ajam non-Arabic; non-Arab,
foreigner, alien; a Persian
mujam incomprehensible,
unintelligible, obscure (language, speech);
dotted, provided with a diacritical point
(letter); (pl. majim2) dictionary,
lexicon the letters of the
alphabet
ajana i u (ajn) to knead ( s.th.); to
soak ( s.th.) ( latta,
masala) to bring up a problem time and
again, harp on a question
ijn perineum (anat.)
ajjn, f. dough kneader
ajn dough, batter, paste; pastes
(such as noodles, vermicelli, spaghetti,
etc.)
ajna a piece of dough; dough;
soft mass, soggy mixture; pl. ajin2
plastics
ajn doughy, doughlike, pasty,
paste-like
mijan pl. majin2 kneading observe the iddat, or legally prescribed
trough; kneading machine
majn pl. majn2 paste,
cream (cosmet.); putty; electuary; majoon
(confection made of hemp leaves,
henbane, datura seeds, poppy seeds, honey
and ghee, producing effects similar to
those of hashish and opium)
tooth paste
muajjant (pot) pies, pasties
ajwa pressed dates a pastry
made of rich dough with almonds and date
paste (syr.)
adda u (add) to count, number,
reckon ( s.th., .s.o. among); to
enumerate ( s.th.); to compute, calculate
( s.th.); to regard ( , s.o., s.th. as),
look ( , at s.o., at s.th. as), consider,
think, deem ( , s.o., s.th. to be s.th.);
pass. udda to be considered, go ( as
s.th.), pass ( for s.th.); to amount ( to)
( to count s.o.s breathing
=) to watch closely over s.o., keep a sharp
eye on s.o., watch s.o.s every move;
to put down, or charge, s.th. to s.o.s
disadvantage; ( yuaddu) numberless,
countless, innumerable II to count off,
enumerate ( s.th.); to make numerous,
multiply, compound ( s.th.)
(mayyita) to enumerate the merits of a
dead person, eulogize s.o. IV to prepare (
s.o., s.th. for); to ready, make ready,
get ready ( s.o., s.th. for); to prepare,
finish, fit, fix up, adapt, adjust, dress,
arrange, dispose, set up, make (
s.th. for), draw up, draft, work out (
e.g.. a report); to prepare ( ones lesson)
( uddatah) to make ones
preparations for, prepare o.s. for V to be
or become numerous, be manifold, be
multifarious, be multiple; to multiply,
increase in number, proliferate, be
compounded VIII to regard ( s.o.,
s.th. as), look ( at s.o., at s.th. as),
consider, think, deem ( s.o., s.th. to
be s.th.); to reckon ( with), rely (
upon); to put down ( s.th., to s.o.s
credit, to s.o.s disadvantage); to hold
( against s.o. s.th.), take exception (
to s.o. because of s.th.); to provide
o.s., equip o.s. ( with); (of a woman) to
period of waiting, before contracting a
new marriage X to get ready, ready o.s.; to
stand prepared, keep in readiness, stand
by; to prepare o.s.; to be ready, willing,
prepared ( for, to do s.th.)
add counting, count; enumeration,
listing; computation, calculation
udda readiness, preparedness; --
(pl. udad) equipment, outfit;
implement, instrument, tool; gadget,
device, appliance, contrivance; rigging,
594 tackle, sails; harness (of a horse)
( )( aadda) to make ones
preparations for, prepare o.s. for; s.th.
to make preparations for s.th.;
clockwork, watchwork
idda number; (attributively:)
several, numerous, many, e.g.,
(iddatun) many men, iddata
marrtin several times; iddat, legally
prescribed period of waiting during which
a woman may not remarry after being
widowed or divorced (Isl. Law)
adad pl. add number,
numeral; figure, digit, cipher; quantity;
number, issue (of a newspaper)
(k) special number, special issue (e.g.,
of a periodical)
adad numerical, numeral,
relative to a number or numbers
add (with foll. genit.) counted
among or with; numerous; number; large
quantity; equal) ( adad)
enormous quantity, great multitude;
this equals that
add pl. -t counter, meter (for
electricity, gas, etc.)
midd pl. madd2 abacus
tadd counting, count;
enumeration, listing; computation,
calculation t. al-anfus census
idd number, quantity
(idda) innumerable, countless;
among, e.g., he is counted
among them, he is one of them
idd preparation, readying,
arranging, setting up, making, drawing up,
drafting
idad preparatory
(ahda) certificate granted after
completing four years of secondary school
(eg.)
taaddud variety, diversity,
multiplicity, plurality, great number,
multitude polytheism;
t. az-zajt polygamy
itidd confidence, reliance, trust (
in) ( bi-nafsih) self-
confidence, self-reliance
istidd readiness, willingness,
preparedness; (pl. -t) inclination,
tendency, disposition, propensity;
predisposition ( for a disease),
susceptibility ( to a disease); pl.
conveniences, amenities, comfort
to be prepared, be set for ...; to
be ready, willing, inclined, in a position to
...
istidd preparatory
madd countable, numerable,
calculable; limited in number, little, few, a
few, some
muaddida (hired) female mourner
muadd destined, intended ( for);
ready, prepared ( for to do s.th.), willing
( to do s.th.)
muaddt equipment, material,
materiel, gear; appliances, devices,
implements, gadgets) ) )
(arbya, askarya) war material;
m. al-arq fire-fighting equipment
mutaaddid manifold, multiple,
plural, numerous, varied, variegated,
various, diverse, different; multi-, many-,
poly- (in compounds) m. al-
kalya multicellular (biol.); m.
an-naw multifarious, variegated,
varied, manifold
mustaidd prepared, ready ( for);
inclined, in a position ( to, to do s.th.);
predisposed ( for), susceptible ( to, esp.
to a disease)
adas (coil.; n. un. )lentil(s)
adasa pl. -t lens; magnifying
glass; object lens, objective
adas lenticular 595
adala i (adl, adla) to act justly,
equitably, with fairness to treat
everyone with indiscriminate justice, not
to discriminate between them; -- adala i
to be equal ( , to s.o., to s.th.), be
equivalent ( to s.th.), be on a par ( ,
with), be the equal ( of s.o.), equal, match
( , s.o., s.th.), counterbalance, outweigh
( s.th.); to make equal, equalize, level (
s.o. with another), place ( s.o.) on the
same level or footing ( with another); --
adala i ( udl) to deviate, swerve,
deflect, turn away ( from -- toward);
to digress, depart, refrain, desist, abstain,
avert o.s., turn away ( from), leave off,
relinquish. abandon, renounce, disclaim,
give up, forego, waive, drop ( s.th.)
to make s.o. desist, abstain or
turn away from; ( bi-baarih)
to let ones eyes stray to or toward; --
adula u ( adla) to be just, fair,
equitable II to straighten, make or put
straight, set in order, array ( s.th.); to
balance, right, rectify, put in order,
straighten out, fix, settle, adjust ( s.th.);
to make ( s.th.) just; to adapt ( s.th.); to
change, alter, commute, amend, modify, adlya justice, administration of
improve ( s.th.); to modulate ( current, justice, jurisprudence
waves; el.) III to be equal ( , to s.o., to minister of justice
s.th.), be equivalent ( to s.th.), be on a
adal2 more regular, more uniform;
par ( , with), be the equal ( of s.o.), more balanced; juster, fairer, more
equal, match ( , s.o., s.th.), equitable; more upright, more honest,
counterbalance, outweigh ( s.th.); to more righteous
equate, treat as equal ( -- two
persons or things) IV to straighten, make tadl straightening, straightening
or put straight ( s.th.) V to he changed, out, settling, setting right; -- (pl. -t)
be altered, be commuted, be modified, change, alteration, commutation, 596
undergo modification, change or alteration amendment, modification; settlement,
VI to be in a state of equilibrium, be adjustment, regulation; improvement;
balanced; to be equal, be on a par; to reshuffle (of the cabinet); modulation (el.)
offset one another, strike a balance VIII to ( wizr) cabinet reshuffle
straighten (up), tense; to draw o.s. up, sit mudala assimilation,
straight, sit up; to be straight, even, approximation, adjustment, equalization,
balanced; to be moderate, be temperate leveling, balancing, equilibration; balance,
adl straightness, equilibrium; equality; equivalence;
straightforwardness; justice, impartiality; evenness, proportion, proportionateness,
fairness, equitableness, probity, honesty, proportionality; equation (math.)
uprightness; equitable composition, just tadul balance, equilibrium;
compromise; -- (pl. udl) just, equality; equivalence; evenness,
equitable, fair, upright, honest; person of proportion, proportionateness,
good reputation, person with an honorable proportionality; draw, tie (in sports)
record (Isl. Law); juristic adjunct assigned tie vote, equal number of
to a cadi (Magr.); adlan equitably, votes
fairly, justly minister of
justice itidl straightness, erectness,
tenseness; evenness, symmetry,
adl forensic, legal, judicial, proportion (e.g., of stature, of growth);
juridical, juristic moderateness, moderation, temperance,
idl equal, tantamount, temperateness; equinox simt
corresponding; -- (pl. adl, al-i. equinoctial colure (astron.)
udl) either of the two balanced halves of itidl equinoctial
a load carried by a beast of burden; sack,
bag dil just, fair, equitable; upright,
honest, straightforward, righteous
adl equal, like, tantamount,
corresponding; (with foll. genit.) equal (to muaddal average; average
s.o.), on a par (with s.o.); (eg.; pl. amount or sum m. as-sura
adil) brother-in-law (husband of ones average speed; as an average, on the
sister) average
udl refraining, abstention, mudil equal, of equal status,
desistance ( from), forgoing, having equal rights
renunciation, resignation, abandonment, mutaadil balanced, neutral
relinquishment ( of s.th.)
mutadil straight, even,
adla justice, fairness, proportionate, symmetrical, harmonious;
impartiality; probity, integrity, honesty, moderate, temperate; mild, clement
equitableness; decency, proper conduct; (weather) ( minaqa) the
honorable record (Isl. Law) Temperate Zone
 adima a (udm, adam) to be deprived, be
devoid, be in want, be deficient ( of
s.th.); to lack, not to have ( s.th:); to lose,
miss ( s.o., s.th.); -- pass. udima to be
lacking, be missing, be absent, be
nonexistent; to be loot, be gone, have
disappeared; to disappear, vanish IV to
cause ( s.o.) to miss or lack ( s.th.); to
deprive ( s.o. of s.th.); to destroy,
annihilate, wipe out ( s.o., s.th.); to
execute ( s.o.); to be or become poor, be
reduced to poverty, become impoverished
VII = pass. I
adam non-being, nonexistence;
nothing, nothingness, nihility; lack, want,
absence; loss, privation; (with foll. genit.)
non-, un-, in-, dis-; (pl. adm)
nonentity, nullity, banality, trifle
inattention, indifference;
noncompetency; non- ) )ad u (adw) to run, speed, gallop,
being, nonexistence
adam nihilist
adamya non-being,
nonexistence; nihilism
adm not having, lacking,
wanting; deprived (of); devoid (of),
without, -less, in-, un- (with foll. genit.)
a. al-ayh inanimate, lifeless;
unequaled, incomparable,
unique
idm destruction, annihilation;
execution ( ukm) death to assail, assault, attack, raid ( s.o.,
sentence
idmya headcloth without iql
(as a sign of mourning)
inidm absence, lack,
nonexistence
dim pl. awdim2
nonexistent, lost; unrestorable,
irreclaimable; waste- (in compounds); pl.
waste, refuse, scraps sewage, (gram.) to make transitive ( a verb); to
sullage, waste water; cotton
waste; unbbat al-a. exhaust
pipe (automobile)
madm nonexistent, wanting,
lacking, absent; missing; lost; gone,
vanished
mudim poor, destitute;
impoverished 597
adn Eden, Paradise; adan2 Aden (city in
southern Arabia)
madin pl. madin2 mine;
lode; metal; mineral; treasure-trove,
bonanza (fig.); (place of) origin, source
ilm al-m. mineralogy;
to probe into s.o.s very nature
madan (eg.; syr, madin) very
good! bravo! well done!
madin metallic, mineral;
mineralogy mineral water
tadn mining of metals and
minerals; mining, mining industry
muaddin miner
adnn2 legendary ancestor of the North
Arabs
dash, race; to pass ( or s.o., s.th.),
go past s.o. or s.th. ( or ;)to give up,
abandon, leave ( or s.o., s.th.); to
pass over, bypass, omit ( s. o.), not to
bother ( s.o. with), exempt, except (
s.o. from); to cross, overstep, exceed,
transcend ( s.th.), go beyond s.th. ( ;)to
exceed the proper bounds; to infect (
s.o.); -- u ( adw, udw, ad,
udwn, idwn) to engage in
aggressive, hostile action, commit an
aggression, a hostile act ( against); to
act unjustly ( toward), wrong ( s.o.);
s.th.); -- u ( adw) to handicap, hamper,
impede, obstruct ( s.o. in); to prevent,
hinder ( s.o. from)
(aurah) to transcend ones bounds or
limits; not to rail to do s.th.;
to do s.th. inevitably; ... it is
no more than , it is only or merely ... II to
cause to cross, overstep, exceed or
transcend; to ferry ( s.o., over a river);
give up, abandon, leave ( or s.o.,
s.th.); to cross ( s.th., e.g., a river) III to
treat as an enemy ( s.o.), show enmity (
toward s.o.), be at war, feud ( with s.o.);
to fall out ( with s.o.), contract the enmity
( of s.o.); to act hostility ( toward s.o.); to
counteract, disobey ( s.o., s.th.), act in
opposition ( to), contravene, infringe (
s.th.) IV to infect ( s.o., with a
disease) V to cross, overstep ( s.th.); to ady acting hostilely, aggressive
traverse ( s.th.); to exceed, transcend, ad enmity, hostility,
surpass ( s.th.). go beyond s.th. ( ;)to antagonism, animosity; aggression
go beyond s.th. ( )and turn ones
attention to s.th. else (), not to be ad hostile, inimical,
limited to s.th. ( )but also to comprise ( antagonistic, aggressive
s.th. else), extend beyond s.th. ( )to ad runner, racer
s.th. else ( ;)to overtake, pass, outstrip,
outdistance, leave behind ( s.th.); to ad: a. l-ad the
overcome, surmount ( s.th., e.g., a worst of enemies
crisis); to pass on, shift, spread ( to); to adwd infection, contagion; --
transgress, infract, violate, break ( s.th., udw hostile action
e.g., laws); to engage in brutal, hostile
action, commit aggression, a hostile act ( adwa pl. -t enmity, hostility,
against); to act unjustly ( toward antagonism, animosity
s.o.); to assail, assault, attack, raid ( udaw2 hindrance, handicap,
s.o., s.th.); to infringe, encroach, make impediment; inconvenience, nuisance,
inroads ( upon) discomfiture rough, rugged,
(arb) to come to blow, with s.o., lay uneven; adverse, discomfiting,
hands upon s.o. VI to harbor mutual inconvenient; bad, poor (mount)
enmity, be hostile to one another, be
udwn, idwn enmity, hostility,
enemies VII to be infected ( with a
hostile action, aggression
disease), catch an infection ( by, from)
VIII to cross, overstep ( s.th.); to exceed, udwn: policy of
transcend, surpass ( s.th.), go beyond aggression
s.th. ( ;)to act outrageously, brutally, madan escape, way out,
unlawfully ( against); to commit avoidance ( mad) inevitable,
excesses ( against); to engage in unavoidable, inescapable
aggressive, brutal, hostile action (
against), commit an aggression, a hostile madiya pl. madin ferry,
act ( against); to act unjustly ( ferryboat
toward); to violate ( a woman); to tadiya ferrying, ferry service;
assail, assault, attack, raid ( s.o., s.th.), conversion into the transitive form (gram.)
infringe, encroach, make inroads (
upon), make an attempt on s.o.s ( )Iif. taaddin crossing, overstepping,
X to appeal for assistance ( to s.o. exceeding, transcending; overtaking,
against); to stir up, rouse, incite ( passing (e.g., of an automobile); -- (pl.
s.o. against) taaddiyt) infraction, violation,
breach (e.g., of laws), transgression,
ad, or f-m ad encroachment, inroad ( on),
(with foll. acc. or genit.) except, save, infringement of the law; offense against
with the exception of, excepting ...; law, tort, delict (Isl. Law); attack, assault;
besides aggression
adw running, run, race (also in itid pl. -t attack, assault, raid,
sports) inroad ( on), attempt ( on s.o.s
udwa side, slope (of a volley), life), criminal attack ( on); outrage (
bank, embankment (of a river), shore upon); aggression ( against; esp. pol.)
)( muhadat (ittifq)
aduw pl. ad, idan, adam al-it. pact of nonaggression
udan, udh, adin, f.
adwa enemy ( ) )ladd, din pl. awdin aggressive,
aladd) foe, archenemy attacking, assailing, raiding; (pl.
udh) enemy beasts of
adwa fem. of adw prey, predatory animals
 diya pl. -t, awdin wrong, for s.th.); to give or advance ( s.th.) as
offense, misdeed, outrage; adversity,
misfortune, reverse; obstacle, impediment,
obstruction; pi. vicissitudes
( adal) fate dealt them heavy blows,
they fell on evil days
mudin hostile, inimical,
antagonistic
mudin contagious, infectious
contagious diseases
mutaaddin transitive (gram.);
aggressor, assailant
mutadin pl. -n assailant, assassin;
aggressor (pol.)
aduba u ( udba) to be
sweet, pleasant, agreeable; -- adaba i to
599 hinder, handicap, impede, obstruct (
s.o.) II to afflict, pain, torment, try,
agonize, torture, rack ( s.o.); to punish,
chastise, castigate ( s.o.) V to be
punished, suffer punishment; to feel pain,
suffer; to torment s.o., be in agony, be
harassed X to find ( s.th.) sweet,
pleasant, or agreeable; to think ( s.th.)
beautiful, nice
adb pl. idb sweet; pleasant,
agreeable fresh water; forgiveness, pardon
entertaining, amusing,
companionable, personable
adb pl. -t, adiba pain,
torment, suffering, agony, torture;
punishment, chastisement, castigation
udba sweetness
adab2 sweeter, more pleasant,
more agreeable
tadb affliction, tormenting,
agonizing, torture, torturing; punishment,
chastisement, castigation
adara i (udr, madira) to
excuse, absolve from guilt ( s.o.), forgive
( or s.o. s.th.) he rebuke, reproach ( s.o.) II = I
wouldnt let me give any excuses, he
wouldnt take no for an answer, he kept
insisting; -- adara i (adr) to circumcise (
s.o.) IV = I; to have an excuse
( man adara) he who warns is excused
V to be difficult, impossible,
impracticable, unfeasible ( for) VIII to
excuse o.s. apologize ( or to s.o.
an excuse ( or for), plead s.th. ( )in
defense of ( or )X to wish to be
excused; to make an apology, excuse o.s.,
apologize
udr pl. adr excuse
ab u. (with foll. genit.) responsible for,
answerable for;
(taawwur) he is the originator of this
development
udra virginity, virginhood; name
of an Arab tribe = see
above
udr belonging to the tribe of
udra (see above)
( haw) platonic love
idr pl. udur cheek; fluff,
first growth of heard (on the cheeks);
cheekpiece (of a horses harness)
to throw off all restraint, drop all
pretenses of shame; unrestrained,
wanton, uninhibited
adr2 pl. adr virgin;
Virgo (astron.); the Virgin Mary
(Chr.) ( fath) maiden, virgin
madira pl. madir2 excuse,
midr pl. madr2 excuse,
plea
taaddur difficulty, impossibility,
impracticability, unfeasibility
itidr apology, excuse, plea
madr excused, justified,
warranted; excusable
mutaaddir difficult, impossible,
impracticable, unfeasible
idq pl. adq bunch, cluster (of
dates, of grapes)
adala u (adl) to blame, censure, reprove,
adl blame, censure, reproof,
reproach
adl stem censurer, rebuker,
severe critic
dil pl. uddl, f. dila
pl. awdil2 censurer, reprover, critic
( and ( ad u and adiya a to naum sleeping car, sleeper; a. yad
be healthy (country, city; due to its handcart, pushcart; wheelbarrow
climate, air, etc.) 600 arabya pl. -t carriage, vehicle;
arra u to be a shame, be a disgrace ( araba, coach; see
for s.o., for s.th.); to bring shame or arbaj pl. -ya coachman,
disgrace ( upon s.o., upon s.th.), cabman
disgrace, dishonor ( s.o., s.th.)
arbakna car shed, coach
urra scabies, mange; dung; a house
disgraceful, shameful thing
arrb godfather, sponsor
arar scabies, mange
arrba godmother, sponsor
maarra shame, disgrace,
ignominy; stain, blemish, stigma arb pl. arb an Arab of
the desert, a Bedouin
mutarr miserable, wretched;
scoundrel, rogue urba Arabism, Arabdom, the
Arab idea, the Arab character
II to Arabicize, make Arabic ( s.o.,
s.th.): to translate into Arabic ( s.th.); to tarb Arabicizing, Arabization;
express, voice, state clearly, declare ( translation into Arabic; incorporation (of
s.th.); to give earnest money, give a loanwords) into Arabic
handsel, make a down payment IV to irb manifestation, declaration,
Arabicize, make Arabic ( s.o., s.th.), proclamation, pronouncement, utterance;
give an Arabic form ( to s.th.); to make expression ( of a sentiment); desinential
plain or clear, state clearly, declare ( or inflection (gram.)
s.th.), express (unmistakably), utter,
voice, proclaim, make known, manifest, muarrib translator into Arabic
give to understand ( s.th., esp. a muarrab Arabicized; translated
sentiment), give expression ( to s.th., into Arabic
esp. to a sentiment); (gram.) to use
desinential inflection, pronounce the murab desinentially inflective
irb V to assimilate o.s. to the Arab, (gram.)
become an Arab, adopt the custom, of the mustarib Arabist
Arabs X = V
arbada to be quarrelsome, be
arab (coll.) pl. urb, contentious, pick quarrels; to be noisy,
arub, urbn, arb Arabs; boisterous, riotous, raise a din
true Arabs, Arabs of the desert, Bedouins
arbada quarrelsomeness,
arab Arab, Arabic, Arabian; contentiousness; noise, din, uproar, riot
truly Arabic; an Arab; the Arabya,
irbd quarrelsome, contentious;
the language of the ancient Arabs;
noisy, boisterous, riotous
classical, or literary, Arabic
muarbid quarrelsome,
araba a swift river; (pl. -t)
contentious; noisy, boisterous, riotous
carriage, vehicle, wagon, cart; (railroad)
car, coach; araba, coach a. arbasa to upset, disturb, confuse ( s.o.)
al-ujra cab, hack, hackney; a. 601
al-akl dining car, diner; a. ra arbana to give earnest money, give a
water wagon, sprinkling wagon; handsel, make a down payment ( to s.o.)
cab, hack, hackney; a. a-an
wagon, lorry; freight car; urbn, arabn pl.
(maam) dining car, diner; arbn2 handsel, earnest money, down
baby carriage; a. an-naql wagon, payment; pledge, pawn, gage
lorry, van; freight car; a. an-
 araja u ( urj) to ascend, mount,
rise; -- arija a (araj) to be lame, walk
lamely, limp, hobble II to turn ( to,
toward); to stop, halt, stop over ( in,
at); to turn ( off s.th.), swerve (
from); to lame, cripple, paralyze ( s.o.); to
zigzag, make zigzag ( s.th.) IV to lame,
cripple, paralyze ( s.o.) V to zigzag,
follow a zigzag course VII to incline, lean,
bend, curve; to be or become crooked,
curved, bent, sinuous, winding
araj lameness
2 2
araj , f. arj , pl. grapevines), train on a trellis or espalier,
urj, urjn lame, limping; -- jack
(in a deck of cards)
maraj pl. marij2 place of
ascent; (route of) ascent
miraj pl. marij2 ladder,
stairs
mirj; pl. marj2 ladder,
stairs; the midnight journey to the
seven heavens (made by Mohammed on
the 27th of Rajab, from Jerusalem)
lailat al-m. the night of
Mohammeds ascension to the seven
heavens
tarj2 (pl.) curves, curvatures,
bends, turns, twists, windings, sinuosities;
wavy lines, serpentines
taarruj zigzag (course)
mutaarrij winding, twisting,
tortuous, sinuous; zigzag
munarij crooked, curved, bent,
winding, twisting, tortuous, sinuous
munaraj pl. -t bend, turn,
curve, twist, angle (of roads, etc.)
irzl hut or shack of the rural warden
(usually in a tree or on top of a roof)
II (nejd.) to marry ( s.o. to) IV to
arrange a wedding feast
urs, urus pl. ars,
urust marriage; wedding, wedding feast
irs pl. ars husband; wife
ibn irs pl. bant irs e.g., a play); to offer, suggest, propose (
weasel (zool.)
irsa weasel
ars pl. urus bridegroom;
f. (pl. aris) bride; doll;
al-arsn bride and groom, the
newlyweds a. an-nl lotus
arsa pl. aris2 bride;
doll, baby doll a. al-burqu
metal tubes ornamenting the veil of
Muslim women
ars bridegroom
irrs lair of a lion, lions den
araa i u to erect a trellis ( for
to trellis, to espalier ( vines) II to roof
over ( s.th.)
ar pl. ur, ar
throne; tribe (magr.)
ar pl. uru,
ari2 arbor, bower; hut made of twigs;
booth, shack, shanty; trellis (for
grapevines); shaft, carriage pole
El Arish (town in N Egypt, on
Mediterranean)
tara pl. tar2 trellis,
lattice-work; arbor, bower
araa a (ara) to be lively, gay, merry
ara pl. arat, ar
vacant lot; courtyard, court of a house
muarra pimp, procurer;
cuckold 602
1
arua u to be or become wide, broad,
to widen, broaden; -- araa i (ar) to
become visible, appear ( to s.o.); to get in
s.o.s ( )way; to happen ( to s.o.), befall
( s.o.); to occur ( to s.o.), come to s.o.s
( )mind; to turn ( to s.o., to s.th.); to
take care ( of), concern o.s. ( with), turn
ones attention, put ones mind, apply o.s.,
attend ( to), go in ( for), go into s.th. (
), enter, embark ( upon), take up, treat (
s.th.), deal ( with); to show,
demonstrate, present, set forth, display,
exhibit, lay open, submit, turn in (
s.th. to s.o.), lay, put ( s.th. before
s.o.); to show ( e.g., a film), stage (
s.th. to s.o.); to subject ( s.th.
to a critical examination, and the like); to
inspect ( s.th.); to review ( troops),
pass in review ( s.th., also before ones
mental eye); pass. uria to be or go mad,
insane an obstacle arose
in his path; a thought width; presentation, demonstration,
occurred to him, he had an idea II to make
wide or broad, widen, broaden, extend (
s.th.); to expose ( s.o., s.th. to s.th.,
esp. to risk: s.th. to the sun); to
intimate, insinuate ( or s.th.), allude (
or to), hint ( or at) to across, crosswise, in breadth;
hold s.th. against the light III to offer
resistance ( to s.o., to s.th.), resist (,
s.o., s.th.), work against s.o. or s.th. ( ;)
to contradict, oppose ( s.o., s.th.), raise
objections, protest, remonstrate (
against s.o., against s.th.); to be against
s.o. or s.th. (, .); to avoid, shun ( s.o.,
s.th.); to compare ( s.th. with) IV to
turn away, avert o.s. ( from), avoid, shun
( s.o., s.th.), shirk ( s.th.), give up,
abandon, relinquish, discard, renounce,
disclaim ( s.th.); not to mention (
s.th.): ... to turn away from
s.th. and to s.th. else V to resist, oppose (
s.o., s.th.), stand up ( against), raise
objections, object ( to); to face ( s.th.,
e.g., a problem); to interfere ( with),
meddle ( in); to put ones mind, turn
ones attention ( to), go into s.th. (, e.g.,
a topic): to undertake ( s.th.), embark (
upon s.th.); to expose o.s., be exposed, be
subjected ( to s.th.); to run the risk ( of),
risk ( doing or being s.th.); to dare,
venture, risk ( s.th.) VI to oppose one
another; to be contradictory, conflict, be
incompatible ( with) VIII to betake o.s.,
go, present o.s. ( to s.o.); to raise an
objection, make objections, object (
to). veto ( s.th.), remonstrate, protest (
against); to resist, oppose ( s.o.,
s.th.); to stand up ( or against s.o.,
against s.th.), stand in, or obstruct, the
way of s.o. or s.th. ( or ;)to hinder
impede, obstruct ( s.o.); to happen ( to
s.o.), befall ( s.o.) to block incidentally, by chance
s.o.s way X to ask to be shown ( s.o.,
s.th.); to pass in review ( s.th., esp. in
ones imagination, before ones mental
eye), call up, conjure up, call to ones
mind, picture to o.s., visualize ( s.th.); to
weigh, consider, examine (s.th.); to
inspect, review ( troops); to expound, set
forth ( s.th.); to proceed ruthlessly; to
massacre without much ado ( the
enemy)
ar pl. ur breadth;
staging, show(ing), performance; display,
exposition, exhibition; submission, filing
(e.g., of an application); proposition,
proposal, offer, tender; parade; review
(mil.); merchandise, goods
(alab) supply and demand;
a. al-azy fashion show; a.
l or pl. arult
application, petition, memorial; ( )
ka (darajat) al-a. degree 603 of
latitude; ubbk al-a. show
window; yaum al-a. the Day of
Judgment, Doomsday
ar cross- (in compounds),
transverse, horizontal ( ka)
latitudinal degree, geographical latitude
ur pl. ar honor, good
repute; dignity I rely on
your generosity, have mercy upon me!
ur side; middle
(u. il-bar) at sea, on the high seas;
)( to undervalue, scorn,
disdain, despise, reject s.th.; to ruin,
thwart, foil s.th.; to throw s.th. overboard,
jettison s.th.; ( an urdin)
he looked askance at him, he gave him a
slanting glance (contemptuously);
amid the crowd of people;
he belongs to the common people
arn transversal, transverse,
latitudinal; measured crosswise
ara pl. ar accident
(philos.); contingent, nonessential
characteristic; s.th. nonessential, a
contingent, s.th. accidental: symptom,
manifestation of disease; araan,
ara accidental (philos.), non-
essential, unessential; incidental,
accidental, contingent, fortuitous, casual;
ardyt unessential incidents,
unessentials; accidentals
venial sin (Chr.)
ura target; (object of)
intention, intent, design; object ( of):
exposed, subject(ed), liable ( to s.th.); istir revue-, show- (in
(with foll. genit.) suitable for, fitting for, compounds), revue-like
appropriate for (firqa) Show troupe; revue troupe;
ar prosody; (pl. film musical
ar2) last foot of the first hemistich ri pl. -n exhibitor (e.g., at a
ilm al-a. metrics, prosody fair); demonstrator; -- (pl. awri)
obstacle, impediment, obstruction;
ar prosodic(al), metrical
temporary disturbance, anomalous
ar pl. ir broad, condition (physically); attack, fit, spell;
wide; extensive, vast s.th. accidental, s.th. nonessential, an
ara pl. ari2 accidcnt; side of the face; -- the
petition, application, memorial cheeks k. al-riain
having a sparse beard; in
mari pl. mari2 place the middle of the road
where s.th. is exhibited or displayed;
showroom, stage; exposition, exhibition; ria pl. -t woman
show; fair (com.); (with foll. genit.) time, demonstrator, woman exhibitor; -- (pl.
occasion for s.th. ( with foll. awri2) side of the face;
genit.) in the form of ..., in ... manner; on doorpost, jamb; crossbeam, transom; joist,
the occasion of, at the occurrence or girder; purlin; O anode (el.)
appearance of; ... (lasn) qwat al-. eloquence;
with foll. verbal noun: this is not the place mannequin
for us to ...; let us not rid accidental, casual,
speak of ... now, this is not the place to occasional
speak of ...; m. al-azy
fashion show; m. a-uuf mard pl. mar2
press review exposition, report; memorial, petition,
application; -- pl. -t propositions,
mira wedding gown proposals, offers, tenders; exhibits,
mir: ( m. exhibited articles
kalmih) to mention casually, say among muri adversary, opponent,
other things antagonist, opposer; contradicter
tar intimation, allusion, hint, mutari running or lying
indication across, transversal, transverse; adversary,
muraa opposition (esp. opponent, antagonist, opposer;
pol.); resistance, contradiction, contradicter; resistance (el.)
remonstrance, objection, exception, (jumla) parenthetical clause, parenthesis
protect; O resistance (el.) 2
ur (from Turk. ordu) military
ir shunning, avoidance, encampment, army camp
evasion; reluctance reluctantly arafa i ( marifa, irfn) to
taru conflict, clash, know ( s.o., s.th.); to recognize,
antagonism, contradiction, contrariety perceive ( s.o., s.th.); to be cognizant,
be aware ( of s.th.), be acquainted (
itir pl. -t resistance, with s.th.), to discover, experience, find
opposition, objection, exception, out ( s.th.); to recognize, acknowledge (
counterargument, counterassertion, s.th., s.th. as being right; s.th. as);
counterblast, riposte, rebuttal, rejoinder, to concede, acknowledge ( s.th. to
expostulation, remonstrance, protest; s.o.), allow ( for s.th. in s.o.); to
(right of) veto (Isl. Law) approve ( of); to distinguish,
aqq al-it. (right of) veto (pol.) differentiate ( s.o., s.th. from); pass.
istir examination, survey; urifa to be known ( as, by the name of)
parade, review; revue, musical show 604 ( aqqa l-m.) to know for
sure, be sure (of), be positive (about);
she was grateful to him, she s.th.), cognizant, aware ( of s.th.);
appreciated his service, she gratefully
acknowledged his service II to announce (
to s.o. s.th.), inform, advise, apprise (
s.o. of), acquaint ( s.o. with s.th.); to
introduce ( or s.o. to s.o. else), have
( s.o.) meet ( or s.o. else), present (
s.o. to s.o. else); to define ( s.th.); to
determine, specify, characterize, explain (
s.th.); (gram.) to make definite ( a
noun); (Chr.) to confess ( a penitent),
hear the confession ( of s.o.) V to become
acquainted ( or also with s.o.),
meet ( or s.o.), make the
acquaintance of s.o. ( or ;)to make
o.s. known, disclose ones identity, reveal
o.s. ( to s.o.); to acquaint o.s.,
familiarize o.s. (. or with), get to
know ( or s.th.); to sound, explore (
s.th.); to trace, discover, uncover (
s.th.); (gram.) to be or become definite
(noun) VI to become acquainted with one
another, become mutually acquainted, get
to know each other; to become acquainted
( with); to come to know ( s.th.), learn
( about) VIII to confess, admit,
acknowledge, own, avow ( s.th.); to
recognize ( s.o., s.th.), grant recognition
( to s.o., to s.th.); to concede,
acknowledge ( s.th. to s.o.); to make a
confession, to confess (Chr.)
to be grateful X to discern,
recognize ( s.th.)
arf fragrance, perfume, scent,
aroma 605
urf beneficence, kindness;
custom, usage, practice, convention,
tradition, habit; legal practice; custom,
customary law (jur.); (pl. arf)
crest, comb (or a rooster), mane (of a
horse) as was his wont,
according to his habit; in his opinion;
( siys) protocol (jur.); (
urf traditional, conventional,
usual, common, customary, habitual;
pertaining to secular legal practice (as
opposed to ar); private, unofficial (as
opposed to rasm) ( ukm) features
martial law; do.;
(makama) court-martial
arf pl. uraf2 knowing (
expert, authority, specialist; teaching
assistant, monitor (an older pupil assisting
the teacher of a Koran school); sergeant
(Ir.); corporal (U.A.R); a
military rank, approx.: master sergeant
(Ir., Syr.); approx.: corporal
(Ir.); (pl. irfn) teacher, esp. a
teacher and precentor of congregational
singing (Copt.-Chr.)
arrf diviner, fortuneteller
arrfa pl. -t (woman)
fortuneteller
irfa fortunetellers trade;
fortunetelling, divination
araft Arafat, name of a
mountain and adjacent plain, located four
hours distance east of Mecca, where the
Mecca pilgrims spend the 9th day of
Zulhijja
irfn cognition, knowledge,
perception; recognition, acknowledgment
gratitude, thankfulness;
i. al-fal do.
araf2 knowing better ( s.th.),
more cognizant. more knowledgeable (
of), better acquainted. more conversant (
with), more expert, more versed ( in); a
better connoisseur ( of); (f. arf2)
having a crest or mane, crested, maned
marifa pl. marif2
knowledge, learning, lore, information.
Skill, know-how; cognition, intellection,
perception, experience, realization;
gnosis; acquaintance, cognizance,
conversance, versedness; an acquainted
person, an acquaintance, a friend; (gram.)
definite noun; pl. cultural affairs,
education by, through (after the
passive); knowingly, deliberately
ummya)
minister of education;
(qaumih) he was unknown among his
people
marif2 face, countenance,
tarf pl. -t, tarf2
announcement, notification,
communication, information; instruction, mutaraf bih recognized,
direction; (social) introduction; definition, accepted, admitted, granted, approved-of,
determination, identification, licensed, authorized ariqa a (araq) to
specification, characterization; a rendering sweat, perspire II to make or let ( s.o.)
definite (gram.) adt at-t. sweat, promote perspiration; to add water
(gram.) the definite article; ( to a drink), dilute ( a drink); to take
identity card root, strike roots; to be deeply rooted; to
vein, marble ( s.th.) IV to take root,
tarfa notification, information,
apprising; -- (pl. -t, tarf2) tariff; strike roots V = IV
price list irq pl. urq root; stem (of a
plant, of a leaf); vein (bot., anat.);
taarruf acquaintance ( or
with); exploration, study; cognition, hereditary disposition; race, stock, descent
i. ad-dahab ipecac,
knowledge, perception, realization
ipecacuanha (bot.); i. ss
itirf recognition, acceptance; licorice root; i. an-nas sciatica
acknowledgment, avowal, admission, (med.); b al-i. noble descent;
confession; (Chr.) confession ayyib al-i. of noble descent,
in recognition of; ( bi-l- high born; ( dasss) blood will
jaml) gratitude, thankfulness; tell, what ill bred in the bone will come
father-confessor, confessor (Chr.); out in the flesh; to have a
sirr al-it. sacrament of penance share in s.th., participate in s.th.
(Chr.); muallim 606 al-it.
araq sweat, perspiration; arrack, a
father-confessor, confessor (Chr.);
strong colorless liquor made of raisins,
it must be admitted that ...,
milky white when diluted with water
admittedly ...
(esp. syr.; = eg. zabb) a.
rif acquainted, conversant,
al-qirba pains, toil, exertion;
familiar ( with); connoisseur, expert;
(zalw) a well-known brand of arrack
master (tun.)
made in Zahl (Lebanon)
rifa (syr.) sage, wise man (of a
araqa transom between two
village or tribe)
layers of stone or brick
marf known, well-known;
araqya (eg.) white cotton
universally accepted, generally
skullcap often worn under the tarboosh)
recognized; conventional; that which is
good, beneficial, or fitting, good, benefit; araqa deep-rootedness; ancient
fairness, equity, equitableness; kindness, ancestral line, old family
friendliness, amicability; beneficence; (nasab) noble descent
favor rendered, courtesy, mark of arrqya (eg.) white cotton
friendship; active voice (gram.)
skullcap (often worn under the tarboosh)
or in (all) fairness; with
appropriate courtesy, in a friendly manner, arq deep-rooted
amicably; ungrateful; (qidam) ancient; centuried, centuries-old;
it is (well-) known that ..., as is well- from an old, respectable
known ..., it is commonly held that ..., it is family; a. an-nasab of noble
generally understood that ... descent, highborn
mutaraf or al-irq Iraq; al-irqn
common, usual, customary; Basra and Kufa
commonplace, trivial, trite, hackneyed, irq Iraqi, Iraqian; (pl. -n) an
banal Iraqi
mutaraf confessor (in the araq2 more deep-rooted
hierarchy of saints; Chr.)
 marq gaunt, emaciated, lean
(face, hand, etc.)
muarriq sudorific, promoting
perspiration
muarraq veined; muriq firmly
rooted ( muriq, qidam) very to be vicious; to be stubborn, obstinate,
old, ancient, centuried, centuries-old 607
arqaba to hamstring ( an animal)
urqb pl. arqb2
Achilles tendon; hamstring; urqb name
of a famed liar a greater
liar than Urqb
urqb false, deceitful
(promise)
arqala to render difficult, complicate,
handicap, hinder, hamper, encumber,
impede, obstruct, delay ( s.o., s.th.),
throw obstacle, in the way of s.o. or s.th. (
( ;)tun.) to seize, confiscate, impound (
s.th.) II taarqala to be aggravated,
rendered difficult, be or become
complicated, be hindered, hampered,
encumbered, impeded, obstructed,
handicapped, delayed
arqala impeding, hindering,
encumbering; -- (pl. arql2)
encumbrance, impediment, hindrance;
obstacle, difficulty, handicap
araka u (ark) to rub ( s.th.); to turn,
adjust ( the knobs of a radio, and the
like) ; to play havoc ( with), damage
severely ( s.th.); -- arika a to be strong
in battle, be a tough fighter III to fight,
struggle, contend ( with s.o.) VI to
engage in a fight, fight one another VIII =
VI
ark experience (gained through
suffering)
arka fight, struggle, battle,
combat
arka disposition, frame of mind,
temper, nature
maraka, maruka pl. arik2 naked, nude; to be free, be bare ( of)
battlefield; battle
irk struggle, fight, strife, battle,
combat
muraka struggle, fight, strife,
battle, combat
mutarak fighting ground, battle
ground
II to heap up, pile up, stack ( s.th.) VIII
headstrong
arim vicious; strong, violent,
vehement, powerful, terrific; dam, dike
( jai) numerous, huge army
urm viciousness (of character);
violence, vehemence ( sail)
huge quantity, tremendous flood
urma pl. uram heap, pile,
bulk, mass, large amount, multitude
arama pl. aram heap, pile,
bulk, mass, huge amount, multitude
rim vicious; tempestuous,
violent, vehement, strong; tremendous,
enormous, huge
aramram strong, violent, vehement
( jai) a numerous, huge army
arn pl. urun thicket; lair of a lion,
lions den
arna pl. arin2 lair of a
wild animal
irnn pl. arnn2 upper
part of the nose, bridge of the nose
irns pl. arns2 distaff
i. dura corncob (syr.)
) )ar u (arw) and VIII to befall, grip,
seize, strike, afflict ( s.o.), come, descend
( upon s.o.), happen ( to s.o.); to take
possession ( of s.o.)
urwa pl. uran buttonhole;
loop, noose, coil; ear, handle (of a jug, and
the like); tie, bond, e.g., u. a-
adqa bonds of friendship; support, prop,
stay ( wutq) the firm,
reliable grip or hold, the firm tie
ariya a (ury, urya) to be
)( to take off ones clothes,
strip (naked), undress, have no clothes 608
on; ( ass) to be
completely unfounded, be without any
foundation II to disrobe, unclothe, undress
 ( s.o.); to bare, denude, lay bare, uncover
( s.th.); to strip ( s.o. of hill
clothes); to deprive, divest, strip ( s.o.
of s.th.)
ry nakedness, nudity; unsaddled
(horse)
urya nakedness, nudity
ar nakedness, nudity; bareness;
open space, open country in the
open air, under the open sky, outside,
outdoors; ( masra) open-air fame, celebrity, renown
theater
uryn pl. ary naked, the prime of his youth
nude, undressed, bare
(mal)`stark-naked (eg.)
O urynya nudism
al-mar the uncovered parts of
the body (hands, feet, face)
rin pl. urh naked, nude,
undressed, bare; free, devoid, destitute,
bare, deprived, stripped, denuded ( or
of s.th.); blank, bare (e.g., a room),
stark (e.g., a narrative) esteemed, venerable, august; honorable;
barefoot(ed), unshod
azza i (izz, izza azza) to be or difficult, hard ( for); precious, costly,
become strong, powerful, respected; to be
or become rare, scarce, be scarcely to be
found; to be or become dear, cherished,
precious ( to s.o.); he is sorry
that ...; to be hard, difficult ( for s.o.);
to hurt, pain ( s.o.), be painful ( for
s.o.), be hard ( on s.o.) II to make
strong. strengthen, reinforce, fortify,
corroborate, confirm, solidify, invigorate,
harden, advance, support ( s.o., s.th.);
to consolidate ( s.th,); to honor ( s.o.); to
raise in esteem, elevate, exalt ( s.o.); to
make dear, endear ( s.o.) to
strengthen, reinforce, fortify, solidify,
consolidate s.th., make s.th. strong,
powerful, mighty IV to make strong,
strengthen, fortify, reinforce, invigorate,
harden, steel ( s.o., s.th.); to love (
s.o., s.th.); to honor ( s.o., s.th.); to
esteem, value, prize ( s.o., s.th.); to
make dear, endear ( s.o., s.th.) V to be
or become strong, powerful, mighty,
forceful, strengthened, fortified,
reinforced, invigorated, hardened,
solidified, consolidated; to be proud, boast
( of), pride o.s., glory, exult ( in) VIII
to feel strong or powerful ( due to,
because of); to be proud, boast ( of),
pride o.s., glory, exult ( in); to arrogate
to o.s. ( s.th.) X to overwhelm,
overcome ( s.o.); to become powerful,
mighty, respected, honored, be exalted; to
make or hold dear, value highly, esteem (
s.o.)
might, power, standing, weight;
strength, force; honor. glory, high rank,
Her
Highness (title); ( abbih) in
izza might, power, standing,
weight; strength. force; honor, glory, high
rank, fame, celebrity. renown; pride
power, might; ( qaumya)
national pride; i. an-nafs sense
of honor, self-respect, self-esteem;
title of a bey
azz pl. aizz2, aizza
mighty, powerful, respected,
distinguished, notable; strong; noble,
rare, scarce, scarcely to be found;
valuable; dear, beloved ( to),
cherished, valued ( by); friend; ruler,
overlord my dear! (esp. as a
salutation in letters); mighty,
powerful, strong 609
aazz2 mightier, more powerful;
stronger; dearer, more beloved;
al-uzz a goddess of the pagan Arabs
maazza esteem, regard, affection,
love
tazz pl. -t strengthening,
consolidation, support, backing
izz strengthening, fortification,
reinforcement, consolidation; love,
affection, esteem, regard
itizz pride ( in)
mutazz proud; mighty, powerful
azaba i u ( uzb) to be far, be
distant ( from); to slip, escape ( s.o.s
mind) to be forgotten,
sink into oblivion; -- azaba u ( uzba,
uzba) to be single, unmarried
 azab pl. uzzb, azb an manibih of his office) IV
celibate, single, unmarried; bachelor
izba pl. izab (eg.) country
estate, farm; rural settlement
uzba celibacy; bachelorhood
uzba celibacy; bachelorhood
azab2 celibate, single, unmarried;
bachelor
muazzab sheik, emir (Nejd)
azara i (azr) to censure, rebuke, reprove,
reprimand ( s.o.); to refuse to have
anything to do with s.o.; -- azara i to
curb, restrain, subdue ( s.o.s pride, and
the like) II to censure, rebuke, reprove.
reprimand ( s.o.); to refuse to have
anything to do with s.o.
azr censure, blame, rebuke,
reproof, reprimand
tazr censure, blame, rebuke,
reproof, reprimand; chastisement,
castigation
itizr self-discipline
izrl2 Azrael, the angel of death privacy; segregation, reparation,
azala i (af) to play ( on a musical
instrument, tunes); to play ( to or for
s.o.), make music ( for s.o.); -- i u (azf,
uzf) to turn away ( from s.th.),
become averse ( to s.th.), avoid, shun (
s.th.), abstain, refrain ( from doing
s.th.)
azf disinclined, averse ( to
s.th.)
mizaf pl. mazif2 stringed unarmed, defenseless
instrument; O piano
zif player, (musical) performer
mazfa pl. -t piece of music,
performance, recital (on an instrument)
azaqa i (azq) to hoe, dig up, break up,
loosen ( al-ara the soil)
mizaqa pl. maziq2 hoe,
mattock
azala i (azl) to remove, set aside,
isolate, separate, segregate, detach, cut off
( s.o., s.th. from); to depose ( s.o.),
release, dismiss, discharge ( s.o.
(manibah) to give up ones position,
resign VII to be or become isolated, cut
off, separated, segregated, detached (
from) VIII to keep away, stand aloof,
leave, withdraw; to retire, seclude o.s.,
segregate, secede, detach o.s., dissociate
o.s., separate o.s., isolate o.s. ( or
from s.o., from s.th.), part ( or with
s.o., with s.th.); to be or get deposed
( kidmata), ( amala)
to retire from service, from work, go into
retirement
azl removal, dissociation,
detachment, setting aside, isolation (also,
e.g., in case of contagious disease),
cutting-off, segregation, separation;
deposition, discharge, dismissal
( arq) 610 fire wall;
irremovable, appointed for life tenure
(judge)
azal unarmedness,
defenselessness
uzul unarmed, defenseless
uzla retirement, seclusion, retreat,
detachedness; insulation, insularity,
isolatedness; isolation; solitude
secluded, segregated, cut off, detached,
separated, insulated, isolated from
izla pl. izal subdistrict of a
niya (Yemen)
izl (eg.) furniture, household
effects, movable goods, luggage
azal2, f. azl2, pl. uzl
star
in the constellation Virgo, Spica Virginia
(astron.)
mazil pl. mazil2 place of
retirement, house of retreat; seclusion,
segregation, isolation; isolation ward (in a
hospital) separated, detached,
apart, secluded, segregated, isolated from
inizl detachedness, seclusion,
segregation, insularity, insulation;
isolation
inizlya isolationism
 itizl retirement, seclusion,
retreat, privacy itizl al- s.th. on s.o., on s.th.); -- aziya a (
kidma retirement from service
O zil insulator (el.)
O zila pl. -t, awzil2 insulator,
nonconductor (el.)
mazl far, distant, remote (
from); isolated, insulated
munazil isolated, single, solitary,
sporadic
al-mutazila name of a
theological school which introduced
speculative dogmatism into Islam
mutazal pl. -t (place of)
solitude, (place of) retirement
azama i (azm, azma) to decide,
resolve ( on s.th.); to make up ones
mind, determine, be determined, be
resolved ( to do s.th.), be bent ( on
s.th.); to adjure ( s.o.); to invite ( s.o.
or to or to do s.th.) II to enchant,
spellbind ( s.o., s.th., by magic rites)
VIII to decide, resolve ( or on s.th.),
make up ones mind, determine, be
determined, be resolved ( or to do
s.th.), be bent ( or on s.th.)
azm determination, firm will, firm
intention, decision, resolution; energy
azma decision, resolution; strict
order ( to do s.th.)
azm determined, resolved,
resolute
azma invitation; banquet
azma determination, firm will,
firm intention; (pl. azim2)
resolution ( to do s.th.), decision;
incantation; spell
zim determined, resolved ( to
do s.th.)
mutazim determined, resolved (
to do s.th.)
( and ( az u (azw) and
az i (azy) to trace (back) ( or
s.th. to an origin), ascribe, attribute,
impute, owe ( or A s.th. to s.o., to
s.th.); to charge, incriminate ( or
with s.th. s.o. or s.th.), blame ( for
s.th. s.o. or s.th.), lay the blame ( for
az) and az u ( aza) to take
patience, console o.s. II to persuade ( s.o.)
to bear with equanimity ( or s.th., the
death of s.o. or the loss of s.th.), comfort,
console ( s.o. over), 611 give comfort,
express ones sympathy, offer ones
condolences ( to s.o.) V to take patience;
to console o.s. ( for) VII to console o.s.
( with), find solace ( in) VIII to trace
(back) ones descent ( to)
azw tracing back, ascription,
attribution; imputation, accusation
izwa: asan al-i. of
good ancestry, of good stock
az composure, equanimity;
comfort, consolation, solace; ceremony of
mourning
taziya pl. tazin consolation,
solace, comfort; condolence to
express ones sympathy, offer ones
condolences; ( qaddama) do.
muazzin comforter, consoler,
condoler
assa u (ass) to make the rounds by night,
patrol by night
patrol (as a body of men)
asas guard
(mana) (formerly:) the bodyguard of the
Bey of Tunisia
asb tail bone (of the horse); (pl.
usub) a palm branch stripped of its leaves
yasb pl. yasb2 male
bee, drone; notable, chief, leader
ausaj boxthorn (Lycium europaeum
L. and Lycium arabicum Schwf.; bot.)
asjad gold
asjad golden
muasjad gilded
asura u (usr, usur) and asira a (asar)
to be difficult, hard, trying, adverse (
for s.o.); -- asara i u (asr) to press, urge
( s.o. to); to force, compel, coerce (
s.o. to) II to make difficult or hard (
s.th.); to act hostilely ( toward s.o.); to
 oppress, distress ( s.o.), bear down
hard ( on s.o.) III to treat ( s.o.)
roughly or harshly IV to be in distress, be
in a fix, in a predicament; to become
impoverished, be reduced to poverty, be
up against it, be in financial straits, live in
straitened circumstances V to be difficult,
hard, trying, adverse ( for s.o.) VI = V;
X = V; to find ( s.th.) difficult, hard,
trying, or adverse
usr difficulty, trying or distressful
situation, predicament, plight, fix, pinch,
press, straits, straightened circumstances,
distress, poverty, destitution
asir hard, difficult; trying,
distressing, adverse
usra = usr
asr difficult, hard, harsh, rough;
Asir (mountainous district in SW Arabia,
between Hejaz and Yemen)
asar2 left-handed; harder, more
difficult
masara = usr
isr poverty; financial straits,
insolvency
taassur difficulty
masr (living) in straitened
circumstances
musir (living) in straitened
circumstances; poor, impoverished
mutaassir hard, difficult, trying,
distressing, adverse
asasa to darken, grow dark
asafa i (asf) to act recklessly or
thoughtlessly ( in s.th.), do ( s.th.)
rashly; to treat unjustly, oppress, tyrannize
( s.o.) II to overburden, 612 overtask,
overtax ( s.o.) IV = II; V to do ( s.th.) at
random, haphazardly, dispose arbitrarily (
of); to deviate, stray ( from) VIII to
do ( s.th.) at random, haphazardly; to
deviate, stray ( from); to go astray; to
force, compel, coerce ( s.o. to)
asf injustice, oppression,
tyranny
asf oppressor, despot, tyrant
assf oppressor, despot, tyrant
taassuf arbitrariness; an
arbitrary, liberal, inaccurate manner of
using the language; aberration; deviation
taassuf arbitrary; despotic,
tyrannical
itisf straying, aberration,
deviation; coercion, compulsion, force
asqaln2 Ashkelon (seaport in SW
Palestine)
askar pl. askir2 army, host,
troops ( biya)
constabulary, police troops
askar military, army- (in
compounds); pl. the military; --
pl. askir2) soldier; private (mil.);
policeman; pl. enlisted men, ranks
askarya military service;
militarism; soldiership, soldiery,
soldierliness
muaskar pl. -t military
encampment, army camp; camp
concentration camp
II to prepare or mix with honey ( s.th.);
to sweeten, make sweet or pleasant (
s.th.)
asal pl. asl, usl
honey a. sukkar molasses,
treacle; do.; ahr al-a.
honeymoon
asal honey-colored, amber,
brownish
assl gatherer of honey;
beekeeper, apiculturist
asla beehive
aisaln hyacinth (bot.)
masala beehive
tasla (eg.) nap, doze
masl: prepared with honey;
honeyed, honeysweet
muassal: ( dukn) a
mild-tasting tobacco, due to its
preparation with molasses, glycerine,
fragrant oils or essences
 usluj pl. aslij2 tender sprig, small ur pl. ar, ur one
twig, shoot tenth, tenth part; tithe u.
misr one hundredth
uslj pl. aslj2 tender
sprig, small twig, shoot ar decimal (adj.)
1
as with foll. an and ar decimal (adj.)
subjunctive: it might be, it could be ira (intimate) association,
that ..., possibly ..., maybe ..., perhaps ... intimacy, companionship, relations,
what might be ...?! (social) intercourse, company; conjugal
what should I do! community, community of husband and
(yanfau) of what use could this possibly wife
be! what could he possibly
say? aara (f. aar) ten: the
first ten days of Muharram
asy appropriate, proper, fitting
(with personal construction) taltata aara (f.
) )it befits him (them) to ... or talta arata) thirteen
that he (they) it is proper for him (for aart some tens, tens (of);
them) to or that he (they) decades; (with foll. genit.) dozens of ...,
2
sin dry, withered, wilted scores of ...
II to build a nest, to nest; to take root, ir (eg.) with young, pregnant
become established, settle in VIII to build (animal)
a nest, to nest ar collector of the tithe
u pl. i, a, ar pl. uar companion,
iaa nest fellow, associate, friend, comrade
ua, ia pl. ua, ia ara pl. air2 clan,
hut, shanty, shack, hovel; arbor, bower kinsfolk, closest relatives; tribe; pl.
613 (syr.) the Bedouins aras
aiba a, auba u to be grassy, grass- al-a. Bedouin police (responsible for
covered (ground) II do. surveillance of the nomads)
ub (coll.: n. un. )pl. air (syr.) Bedouin (adj.)
ab (green) grass, herbage, plants; ( urf) the customary law of
pasture the Bedouins
uba plant, herb r2, ar2,
yaum ., lailat .
ub herbaceous, herbal, Ashura, name of a voluntary fast day on
vegetable, vegetal, plant- (in compounds) the tenth day of Moharram; day of
herbarium mourning sacred to the Shiites, the
aib grassy, abundant in grass anniversary of Husains martyrdom at
Kerbela (10th of Muharram A. H. 60)
aba luxuriant vegetation
irn twenty
muib grassy, abundant in grass
maar pl. mair2
atart2 Astarte
assemblage, community, company,
aara u to collect the tithe ( from society, group, troop; kinsfolk
s.o., of s.th.) II = I; to divide into tenths y maara -abb oh ye young
III to be on intimate terms, associate men!
(closely) (with s.o.) VI to be on intimate
miar one tenth, tenth part
terms, associate with one another, live
together muara (intimate) association,
intimacy, social relations, social
 intercourse; company, society, ( uh) from one day to the
companionship; community, jointness other, overnight, all of a sudden
muir companion, fellow, aw2 darkness, dark, gloom;
associate, friend, comrade also see a
aiqa a (iq) to love passionately ( a, f. aw dim-sighted;
s.o., s.th.), be passionately in love ( night-blind, nyctalopic; blind, aimless,
with s.o., with s.th.) II to fit tightly haphazard, desultory, senseless
together, interjoin closely, dovetail ( yakbiu kaba aw he acts blindly,
s.th.); to couple, connect ( s.th.: techn.) thoughtlessly, at random, haphazardly
V to court, woo ( a woman), make love ( aa a (a, aa) to be or
to a woman) become hard, harden
iq love, ardor of love, passion
ua, uu coccyx
aq lover, sweetheart (m.) aaba i (ab) to wind, fold, tie, bind,
aqa beloved, sweetheart (f.) wrap ( s.th. around or about s.th.); to
bind up, bandage ( s.th.); to fold (
iq lover 614
s.th.); to wrap ( the head) with a brow
taq tight interjunction, band, sash, or turban ( rqu
dovetailing; coupling (techn.) fhu) the saliva dried in hill mouth,
iq pl. uq lover; clogged his mouth II to wind around, fold
fancier, fan, -phile (in compounds); -- (pl. around, tie around, wrap around ( s.th.);
awiq2) knucklebone; (game of) to bind up, bandage ( s.th.); to wrap (
knucklebones the head) with a brow band, sash, or
turban V to wind the turban round ones
maq lover, sweetheart (m.) head, put on the turban; to apply a
maqa beloved, sweetheart (f.) bandage, bandage o.s.; to take sides, to
side ( with; against); to cling
( and ( a u (aw), and obdurately or fanatically ( to); to be
aiya a ( aan) to be dim-sighted; to fanatic, bigoted, be a fanatic, a zealot; to
be night-blind II to make dim-sighted, form a league, clique, group, team, gang,
make night-blind ( s.o.); to give a dinner ( or coalition, gang up, team up; to plot,
for s.o.) IV to make dim-sighted ( s.o., conspire, collude, connive ( against)
the eyes) V to have dinner (or supper), to VIII to form a league, clique, group, team,
dine, to sup gang, or coalition, gang up, team up; to go
aan dim-sightedness; on strike, to strike
nightblindness, nyctalopia aab pl. ab nerve;
ay evening sinew
asa pl. aiya dinner, aab sinewy, nerved, nervy;
supper ( sirr) the Lords nervous, neural, nerve-, neuro-, neur- (in
supper, the Eucharist (Chr.) compounds); nervous, high-strung
nervous, high-strung;
i evening; (f.) evening prayer
( jahz) the nervous system;
(Isl. Law)
nervousness, nervosity; ~I
awa darkness, dark, gloom; ( uf) neurasthenia
dinner, supper
aabya nervousness, nervosity;
awa dim-sightedness; night- -- (pl. -t) zealous partisanship, bigotry,
blindness, nyctalopia fanaticism; party spirit, team spirit, esprit
aya pl. -t, ay (late) de corps; tribal solidarity, racialism,
evening ayata amsi last clannishness, tribalism, national
night, yesterday in the evening; consciousness, nationalism
 aba pl. uab (eg.) a black
headcloth with red or yellow border 615
pl. -t and uba pl. uab
union, league, federation, association;
group, troop, band, gang, clique; aaba
paternal relations, relationship, agnates
ubat al-umam the League of
Nations
aib hot, crucial, critical (time,
stage)
ib band, ligature, dressing,
bandage
iba pl. aib2 band,
ligature, dressing, bondage; headcloth,
headband, fillet; brow band, frontlet; --
(pl. -t) union, league, federation,
association; group, troop, band, gang
i. al-kaf bands of robbers;
arb al-i. guerilla war(fare)
taaub fanaticism, ardent zeal,
bigotry, fanatical enthusiasm; party spirit,
partisanship; clannishness, racialism, race
consciousness, tribalism
itib pl. -t strike
mutaaib fanatically
enthusiastic ( for); enthusiast, fanatic,
bigot, zealot
ada a thick paste made of flour and
clarified butter
ara i (ar) to press (out), squeeze (out)
( s.th., e.g., grapes, olives, etc.); to wring
( s.th., esp. wet clothes); to compress (
s.th.) III to be a contemporary ( of s.o.);
to be contemporaneous, coeval, or
concomitant ( with) V to be pressed
(out), be squeezed (out) VII = V VIII to
press (out), squeeze (out) ( s.th., e.g.,
grapes, olives, etc.)
(jabnah) to knit ones brows (pensively)
ar (act of) pressing (out),
squeezing (out); (act of) wringing (out);
(pl. aur, ur, ar) ( r) or
age, era, time; period; epoch; afternoon;
(f.) afternoon prayer (Isl. Law)
( ajar) the Stone Age;
the present (time), our time;
( wa-marin) always and
everywhere, at any time and any place
ar modern, recent, present,
actual, contemporary; (pl. -n) a
contemporary
arya modernism
asr that which is pressed or
squeezed out, (squeezed-out) juice, extract
(also fig.); the best, the pick, the prime of
s.th.
ara (squeezed-out) juice
ur juice, sap
ura pl. -t juice, sap (also
physiol.)
ara pl. -t press, squeezer;
oil press; cane press (also a.
al-qaab); wringer
ariya yaumin one
afternoon
ir pl. ar2
whirlwind, tornado, cyclone, hurricane
O idd al-i. anticyclone
miara pl. mair2 press,
squeezer; oil press; cane press
maar (tun.) a brand of lamp
oil
muir contemporary,
contemporaneous; a contemporary
uu, aa pl. ai
coccyx
aafa i (af, uf) to storm,
rage, blow violently (wind); to
blow s.th. away, carry s.th. away (wind);
to shake s.o. thoroughly, through and
through
af storming, blowing; stalk and
leaves of grain 616
afa (n. vic.) gust of wind, blast
uafa chaff; straw
if blowing violently
violent wind, gale
ifa pl. awif violent
wind, gale, tempest, storm, hurricane
1
ufur safflower (Carthamus tinctorius;
bot.); the red dyestuff prepared from its
flower heads
muafar dyed with ufur
 2
ufr pl. afr2 opposed to im); self-made; (pl.
sparrow; any small bird u. -n) self-made man
al-janna swallow; ( dr) imya self-made success
house sparrow; ( mugannin)
warbler; ( kanr) canary; aam2, f. am2, pl.
( ) )( )aba, um having a white foot (animal);
ufrraini bi-ajarin) to kill two birds excellent, valuable, precious
with one stone; ( gurb) rarer than a white-
( kairun min alfin, ajara) a bird in footed crow (proverbially of s.th. rare)
the hand is worth two in the bush miam pl. maim2 wrist
(proverb)
O maam pl. maim2
ufra female sparrow; dowel, traffic island, safety isle
pin, peg
itim clinging, adherence (
ufrya (syr.) insane asylum, to), maintenance, preservation, guarding,
madhouse safeguarding
aala u (al) to bend, twist, im protector, guardian
warp ( s.th.); -- aila a (al) to be
twisted; to warp (wood) ima pl. awim2
capital city, metropolis
aama i (aam) to hold back,
restrain, curb, check, prevent, hinder ( mam inviolable, sacrosanct,
s.o., s.th.); to preserve, guard, safeguard, protected by the laws of vendetta (Isl.
protect, defend ( s.o., s.th.); to Law); infallible, sinless, impeccant,
immunize, render immune ( s.o., med.) impeccable ( zalal)
VIII to cling, keep, adhere ( to); to seek infallible
shelter or refuge ( with, in), take refuge, ) )aan (f.) pl. uy,
resort ( to) ; to keep up, maintain, guard, iy, ain staff, rod; wand; stick;
preserve ( s.th., e.g., bi--amt 617 walking stick, cane; scepter, mace;
silence, bi-r. il-ja equanimity) (field marshals) baton a.
X = VIII; to resist (a temptation) l-mrlya field marshals baton;
ima hindering, hindrance, lab al-a. (eg. = )singlestick
prevention, obviation; preservation, fencing (a popular game, esp. in rural
guarding, safeguarding; defense; areas); ( aqqa) to dissent, secede
protection; chastity, purity, modesty, from the community; to
virtuousness; impeccance, sinlessness, rebel, revolt, renounce allegiance;
infallibility title of ladies ( a l-qaum) to sow dissension
of high social standing; the among the people; ( inaqqat)
bond of marriage; under they fell out (with one another), broke
s.o.s custody, protection, or power; with one another
married to s.o.; jaalat ah staff, rod; wand; stick
imatah f yadih she made herself
independent; she became or remained aya staff, rod; wand; stick;
independent; fakka walking stick, cane
imatah min zaujih to revoke the uayya little stick, little rod; O
husbands matrimonial authority over his bacillus
wife (jur.)
a i (ay, maiya,
im pl. aima, iyn) to disobey, resist, oppose, defy (
uum, im strap, thong s.o. in s.th.), refuse, or renounce, ones
im noble, eminent, obedience ( to s.o. in s.th.), rebel,
distinguished (due to ones own merits, as revolt ( against s.o.) III = I; V to be or
become difficult, intricate, or involved
(affair) VI to be difficult, hard,
 inaccessible, or impossible ( for s.o.);
to refuse ( to do s.th.) VIII = V X to
resist, oppose, withstand, defy ( s.o.,
s.th.), revolt, rebel ( against s.o.); to be
recalcitrant, insubordinate, rebellious; to
be difficult, hard ( for s.o.); to be
malignant, insidious, incurable (disease);
to elude, escape, defy ( s.th.), be
beyond s.th. (( ;)of an instrument,
machine, etc.) to fail, break down ( on
s.o.), refuse to work ( for s.o.), fail to
operate
ay pl. -n, aiy2 rebel; for s.o.), advocate ( s.th.) II and 618 III =
intractable, refractory, recalcitrant
ay an-nuq unable to speak,
incapable of speech
iyn disobedience,
insubordination, refractoriness;
insurrection, revolt, rebellion, sedition
maiya disobedience,
insubordination, refractoriness;
insurrection, sedition, revolt, rebellion;
(pl. main) sin
isti refractoriness,
recalcitrance, obstinacy; impenetrability,
unfathomableness; difficulty; malignancy,
virulence, insidiousness; mechanical
failure, breakdown, malfunction; jam,
misfire (of a firearm)
in pl. uh disobedient, assistance, cooperation
insubordinate, rebellious, mutinous,
riotous, seditious, subversive; rebel,
insurgent; sinning, sinful
mutain difficult, intricate,
implicated, involved, delicate; incurable,
irremediable
mustain difficult, intricate,
implicated, involved, delicate; incurable,
irremediable
aa (1st pers. perf. aitu) a (a,
a) to grab with the teeth, bite (
or or , s.o., s.th.); to bite into s.th.
( ;)to hold on, cling, cleave ( to); to
torment ( s.o., e.g., hunger)
(zamnu) or aah d- ail muscular, brawny
dahru bi-nbih time, or fate, gave him a
raw deal, heaped trials and tribulations
upon him, he suffered reverses II to bite
fiercely or frequently ( , s.o., s.th.)
i small prickly shrubs,
brambles
aa a bite
a (given to) biting,
snappish, mordacious
a (given to) biting,
snappish, mordacious
ab sharp, caustic, acid (tongue)
aada u (ad) to help, aid, assist,
support, back ( , s.o., s.th.), stand up (
I; VI to help, assist, or support one
another, give mutual help, assistance, or
support; to work hand in hand, cooperate
aud help, aid, assistance,
support, backing; helper, aide, assistant,
supporter, backer
aud (m. and f.) pl. ad
upper arm; strength, power, vigor, force
( audah) to aid, assist s.o.,
stand by s.o.; he is an
indispensable aid to him
tad help, aid, assistance,
support, backing
muada help, aid, assistance,
support, backing
taud mutual aid, mutual
taud cooperative (adj.)
muaid helper, aide, assistant,
supporter, backer
aila a (aal) to be or become
muscular; -- aala IV (al) to prevent (
a woman) from marrying IV to be or
become difficult, problematic, puzzling,
enigmatic, or mysterious ( or for s.o.)
( aibb) the disease
defied all medical skill, gave the
physicians a headache, posed a puzzling
problem for the doctors V
=
aala pl. -t, aal muscle
extensor; flexor
aal muscle-, musculo-,
muscul- (in compounds), muscular
 ul inveterate, chronic, ir sweet-smelling, fragrant,
incurable (disease) aromatic
muil difficult, problematic, irya pl. -t aromatic, perfume,
puzzling, enigmatic, mysterious scent
muila pl. -t, mail2 ar perfumer, perfume vendor;
difficulty, problem, dilemma, puzzle, druggist
enigma
ira drug business; perfumeries;
ih fair-sized thorny shrubs drugs
uw pl. a member, limb, ar sweet-smelling, fragrant,
organ (of the body); member (of an aromatic atn alaihi
organization) ( al) regular ira t-tan to extol s.o. to the skies
member; pistil (bot.); muaar perfumed, scented
( itiy) substitute member,
alternate member; stamen urid2 (the planet) Mercury
(bot.); aasa i u (as, us) to sneeze II
(fakr) honorary member; to cause ( s.o.) to sneeze
a. at-tansul and the sexual asa (n. vic.) a sneeze
organs, the genitals; ( duwal)
the member states; ilm u sneezing, sneezes
w. al-a. physiology s snuff (tobacco)
aawt female members mai pl. mais2 nose
uw organic; or aia a (at) to be thirsty, to thirst; to
inorganic ( kutla) long, languish, thirst ( for) II to make
organism thirsty, cause to thirst ( , s.o., s.th.) IV =
uwya pl. -t membership; II; V to thirst, languish, long, yearn (
organism for)
aiba a (aab) to perish, be aa thirst
destroyed, be ruined II to ruin, destroy, i thirsty; dry, parched (soil)
wreck, damage, injure, impair, mar, spoil (
s.th.); to spice, mull ( s.th.); to brew, an2, f. a pl.
mix ( a drink) IV to ruin, destroy, wreck, i thirsty; covetous, desirous ( of),
damage, injure, impair, mar, spoil ( languishing, yearning, craving ( for)
s.o., s.th.) V to be damaged VIII = I i thirsty; covetous, desirous (
aab perdition; wreck (e.g., of of), languishing, yearning, craving (
ships); destruction, ruin; damage, injury for)

tab damaging, ruin(ing), mutaai thirsty; covetous,

wreck, destruction
taattub a suffering of damage,
impairment, ruin
II to perfume, scent ( s.o., s.th.) V to
perfume o.s.
ir pl. ur, urt
perfume, scent; essence i. al-
ward attar of roses, rose oil 619
air sweet-smelling, fragrant,
aromatic ( suma) brilliant or
excellent reputation
desirous ( of), languishing, yearning,
craving ( for)
aaj pl. aajya stoker,
fireman
aaa to clamor, yell; to be uproarious,
very noisy
at`tafa i (at`tf) to bend, incline,
bow ( s.th.); to incline, lean ( toward,
to); to be favorably disposed ( toward
s.o.), be attached ( to s.o.), harbor
affection ( for), be fond ( of s.o.),
have or feel compassion, sympathize (
with s.o.), feel ( for s.o.); to turn away if pl. uuf, aifa
( from); to incline, dispose s.o. ( coat, cloak
toward), awaken affection or af compassionate,
sympathy ( for) or interest ( in sympathetic, affectionate, loving, tender,
s.th.); to make s.o. appreciate kind
s.th., bring s.th. close to s.o.s heart;
to dissuade, alienate s.o. from II to ufa affection, attachment,
fold, double, fold up ( s.th.); to make ( benevolence, good will; (as an honorific
s.o.) favorably disposed; to soften s.o.s () title before the name = His
heart, move s.o.; to awaken affection, Grace
sympathy, tenderness ( in s.o., for); to miaf pl. maif2 coat,
fill with affection, love, etc. ( s.o., overcoat; smock, frock
s.o.s heart, or for) V to be (muamma) (impregnated) raincoat;
favorably disposed ( toward s.o.), be m. farw fur coat
attached ( to s.o.), be fond ( of s.o.),
have or feel compassion, sympathize ( inif inclination, bind(ing),
with s.o.), feel ( for s.o.); to deign ( curving, curvature; sympathy,
to do s.th.) to put on a coat, compassion; liking, attachment, affection
wrap o.s. in a coat or cloak VI to harbor istif imploring, entreaty,
mutual affection, be attached to one earnest supplication; tender affection;
another VII to be bent, inclined, crooked, conciliatory attitude
or curved; to bend, curve; to bow, make a
bow; to turn off ( toward, to), turn, if compassionate, sympathetic,
swing ( into a road, etc.); to be affectionate, loving, tender, kind
favorably disposed ( toward), be ( arf) conjunction (gram.)
attached ( to), be fond ( of), ifa pl. awif2 amorous
have or feel compassion, sympathize ( affection; affectionate benevolence,
with), feel ( for s.o.); to turn solicitude, sympathy, compassion,
away, turn around VIII = affection, attachment, liking, kind(li)ness;
X to ask for, or seek, s.o.s () feeling, sentiment
compassion or sympathy; to entreat,
if sentimental; emotional;
beseech, implore ( s.o.); to affect winning
emotive, feeling; tender, affectionate,
or conciliatory manners, display affection;
loving
to seek to conciliate, propitiate, or 620
win over ( kirah or s.o.); to seek ifya sentimentality;
to be friends ( with s.o.); to try to attract emotionalism, emotionality
or win ( s.th.) munaaf pl. -t (road) turn,
af bond(ing), inclination, curve; turn, turning, winding, tortuosity,
curving, curvature; corner; sympathy ( twist, bend; lane, alley, narrow street
with), affection, attachment, liking ( mustaaf imploring, beseeching,
for) )( adt (arf) al-a. supplicatory; tender, affectionate
conjunction (gram.); a. al-
bayn explicative apposition (gram.) aala a (aal) to he destitute, he
devoid ( of s.th.), lack ( s.th.); to be
if pl. af side (of the idle, not to work, rest; to he without work,
body) layyin al-a. tractable, he unemployed II to leave without care, to
docile, pliant; ( tarannaat) neglect ( s.o., s.th.); to leave without
they were carried away, became ecstatic; work, leave idle ( s.o. s.th.); to hinder,
to combine, encompass, hamper, impede, obstruct ( s.th.); to
comprise s.th. interrupt, suspend, defer, discontinue, stop
afa turn, turning, twist, curve, ( s.th., esp. some activity); to ban
bend; (pl. -t, uaf) blind alley, dead temporarily, suspend ( s.th., esp.
and (eg.) publication of a newspaper); to damage
(gravely), destroy, ruin, wreck, paralyze, unemployed; an unemployed person;
neutralize, put out of service or useless ( uw) functionless
commission, lay up; put out of action, organ (biol.)
make inoperative ( s.th.); to stop, shut
awil2 vacations, holidays
off ( s.th., e.g., a motor); to shut down,
keep closed ( s.th., e.g., an office) V to muail one who denies God all
remain without work or employment; to attributes (theol.)
he or become unemployed (also mual inactive, idle, out of work,
;)to be or become idle, inactive; to be jobless, unemployed; inoperative, out of
hindered, hampered, impeded, obstructed, action, service, or commission, shut-
delayed, suspended, deferred, or down; stopped, shut-off (motor); closed
interrupted; to stop, stall (motor, (office)
machine); to fail (apparatus); to he
(gravely) damaged. be or be put out of aan i u (an) to soak ( al-
action or commission; to be shut down, be jilda the skin or hide so as to remove the
or remain closed; to he no longer valid, be hair, in tanning); to macerate ( al-
ineffective (statutes) kattna the flax); -- aina a (aan) to rot,
decay, putrefy (skin, hide, in tanning) II =
ul destitute, devoid ( of s.th.); I aana
impairedness, defectiveness, (gravely)
damaged state; damage, loss 621 aan resting place of camels near
a waterhole ayyiq al-a.
aal unemployment narrow-minded, parochial; rab
ula unemployment, also al-a. broad-minded
( ugl); leisure, holidays, vacation(s), ain putrid, rotten, stinking
recess; (pl. -t, ual) holiday, off
day, free day ( rasmya) an putrid, rotten, stinking
official, or legal, holiday; in tanbark
(ayym al-u.) official, or legal, holidays;
u. al-usb weekend; III to give ( to s.o. s.th.) IV to give (
( qaya) court recess (jur.); or to s.o. s.th.); to present, hand over,
u. nihyat al-usb weekend offer ( to s.o. s.th.); to grant, award,
accord ( to s.o. s.th.); to present (
ala unemployment s.o. with s.th.), bestow ( upon s.o.
tal hindering, obstruction, s.th.); pass. uiya to get, obtain, receive (
hampering; discontinuance, interruption, s.th.) to give lessons;
deferment, suspension (of some activity); ( aqwlah) to give evidence, give
temporary ban, suspension (of a ones testimony (jur.);
newspaper); impairment, damaging, (kalimata) to allow s.o. to speak;
destruction, ruining, wrecking, injury; (bi-yadih) to surrender or submit to s.o. V
paralyzation, neutralization, stoppage to ask for charity, ask for alms ( s.o.); to
(e.g., of traffic); stopping, shutting-off (of beg VI to take ( s.th.); to swallow, take (
a motor); shutdown, closure (of an office); a medicine); to take over, assume,
a theological concept denying God all undertake, take upon o.s. ( a task); to
attributes (as opposed to tab; theol.) occupy o.s., be occupied or buoy ( with
t. arakat al-murr s.th.), be engaged ( in s.th.), pursue,
traffic congestion practice ( an activity) X = V
taaul unemployment; inactivity, aan gift, present
idleness; (mechanical) failure, breakdown; a pl. atiys gift, present; (pl.
standstill ( amal) -t) offer, tender ( qaddama) to
unemployment make an offer or tender
il destitute, devoid ( of s.th.); aya pl. ay gift, present
inactive. idle, out of work, jobless,
 muh exercise, practice,
pursuit (of an activity)
i donation; presentation,
grant(ing), award(ing)
tain pursuit, practice (of an
activity) 622
isti begging, mendicity
muin giver, donor
muan given; (pl. -t) given
quantity (math.)
mustain beggar
III ( kalma) to be repetitious in
ones speech, use tautologisms, repeat o.s.
in speaking
am pl. aum, im
bone shinbone;
bone meal; ln al-i. softening of
the bones, osteomalacia
am bone-, osteo- (in
compounds) osseous, bony
iam, um greatness, magnitude,
grandeur, power, might; significance,
importance
ama piece of bone; bone
aama majesty; pride, arrogance,
haughtiness; exaltedness, sublimity,
augustness His Majesty;
His Highness; a. as-suln
His Highness, the Sultan

auma u (iam, ama) to be or aamt greatness, magnitude,

become great, big, large, grand, grandiose,
magnificent, imposing, powerful, or
mighty; to be huge, vast, enormous,
tremendous, immense, stupendous; to be
hard, distressing, painful, agonizing, or
oppressive ( for s.o.) II to make, or
cause to become, great(er), big(ger),
large(r), (more) grandiose, (more)
imposing, (more) magnificent, mighty or
mightier, (more) powerful ( s.o. s.th.),
enhance the greatness, grandeur,
magnificence, power, or might ( of
s.o., of s.th.); to enlarge, enhance, magnify
( s.th.); to aggrandize, glorify, extol,
exalt ( s.o., s.th.) IV = II; to attach
great importance ( to s.th.); to regard (
s.th.) as huge, vast, tremendous,
enormous, immense, or stupendous; to
find ( s.th.) hard, distressing, or
oppressive V to be proud ( of s.th.); to
boast ( of), vaunt, flaunt ( s.th.); to he
arrogant, presumptuous, haughty VI to be
proud, arrogant, presumptuous, haughty,
supercilious; to be great, grand, grandiose,
imposing, huge, prodigious; to equal in
weight, significance or importance (
s.th.); to be weighty, grave, serious,
portentous ( for s.o.) ( arb) World War I;
(anu l-adw) the enemys importance
does not unduly impress him X to be
proud, arrogant, presumptuous, haughty,
supercilious; to regard as great,
significant, or important ( s.th.)
grandeur, power, might
am pl. uam2,
im, aim2 great, big, large;
strong, powerful, mighty; significant,
important; grand, grandiose, imposing,
stately, magnificent; lofty, exalted, august,
sublime, splendid, gorgeous, glorious,
superb; huge, vast, prodigious, enormous,
tremendous, immense, stupendous; hard,
distressing, gruesome, trying, oppressive
( fura) golden opportunity;
great or terrible things;
( kubar) the great of the world
ama pl. aim2 a
prodigious, terrible thing; great
misfortune, calamity, disaster
im of noble descent,
highborn, aristocratic, noble, blue-
blooded, of or pertaining to nobility;
aristocrat, nobleman
aam2, f. um, pl.
aim2 greater, bigger; mare significant,
more important; greatest, major, supreme;
most significant, paramount
a. r. mir the most outstanding men
623 of Cairo; capital crime;
( sawd) the great mass, the great
majority, the major portion (of the
people); ( adr) (formerly:)
title of the Grand Vizier of the Ottoman
Empire (Ott.-Turk.: adr-i aam)
 tam aggrandizement,
glorification, exaltation; military salute
muaam glorified, exalted,
revered, venerated; sublime, august (esp.
of rulers); splendid, gorgeous, glorious,
magnificent, resplendent; bony; ossified
muazam most of (them), the
majority, major part or portion (of), main
part; maximum mostly, for the
moot part, largely
mutaim proud, arrogant,
presumptuous, haughty, supercilious
ia see
affa i ( iffa, aff) to refrain,
abstain ( from s.th. forbidden or
indecent); to be abstinent, continent,
virtuous, chaste, modest, decent, pure V =
I; to shrink ( from), be shy ( of), be
ashamed
aff chute, modest, virtuous, pure;
decent; honest, upright, righteous
iffa abstinence, continence,
virtuousness, virtue, chastity, decency;
purity; modesty; integrity, probity,
honesty, uprightness, righteousness
aff = iffa
aff pl. af2, aiffa
chaste, modest, virtuous, pure; decent;
honest, upright, righteous
aaff2 chaster, more virtuous; more
decent, of greater integrity
taaffuf abstinence, continence,
chastity, modesty; restraint
mutaaffif chute, modest,
virtuous, pure; decent; honest, upright
righteous
afara i (afr) to cover with dust, to
soil, begrime (also bi-t-turb;
s.o., s.th.) II = I; to dust, sprinkle with dust
or powder ( s.th.); to glean
afar pl. afar dust
ufr (eg.) duet
O afra pl. -t spray, atomizer
2 2
afar , f. afr dust-colored, decomposed, spoiled, moldy, musty
earth-colored
yafr pl. yafr2
earthcolored gazelle
tafr (act of) dusting, sprinkling
with dust or powder
II tafrata to behave like a demon
or devil
ifrt pl. afrt2 malicious,
mischievous; sly, cunning, crafty, wily;
afreet, demon, imp, devil; (eg.) naughty
child ( walad) mischievous
child, good-for-nothing, neer-do-well
(eg.)
afrta (lifting) jack (eg.)
afrata devilry; dirty trick
afrim (eg.) bravo! well done!
afaa i (af) to gather, collect, heap up,
amass ( s.th.)
af refuse, rubbish, trash, junk;
luggage, baggage; household effects,
furniture
afa: worthless
people
af, galls, gallnuts, oak apples
af sharp, pungent, acrid,
astringent and bitter (of taste)
ufa sharpness, pungency,
acridity, astringence (of taste) 624
afina a (afan, ufna) to rot, decay,
putrefy, spoil; to be rotten, decayed, putrid
spoiled; to be or become moldy, musty,
mildewy, decomposed V = I
afan rottenness, putridity, decay,
spoiledness
afin rotten, putrid, decayed,
decomposed, spoiled, moldy, musty,
mildewy; septic ( umm)
putrid fever
ufna rottenness, putridity,
decay, spoiledness
taaffun rottenness, putridity,
decay, spoiledness
muaffan rotten, putrid, decayed,
mildewy; septic
 mutaaffin rotten, putrid, decayed,
decomposed, spoiled, moldy, musty,
mildewy; septic
) )af u (afw, af) to be or
become effaced, obliterated, wiped out,
eliminated; -- af u (afw) to efface,
obliterate, wipe out, eliminate ( or
s.th.); to forgive ( s.o.); to excuse, free,
relieve, exempt ( s.o. from s.th.); to
desist, abstain, refrain ( from) II to
efface, obliterate, wipe out, eliminate (
or s.th.) III and IV to restore to health,
heal, cure ( s.o.); to guard ( or s.o.
against), protect, save ( or s.o.
from); to free, release, relieve, exempt,
except ( s.o., s.th. or from), aqqa u (aqq) to cleave, split, rip, rend (
excuse, dispense ( or s.o. from
s.th.) IV to dismiss, discharge, fire, depose
( s.o.) VI to recuperate, recover, regain
health VIII to call on s.o. ( )in order to
obtain s.th. X to ask s.o.s ( )pardon, ask
for a reprieve ( s.o.); to request ( of s.o.)
exemption ( from s.th.); to tender ones
resignation ( from an office); to resign (
from an office)
afw effacement, obliteration,
elimination; pardon, forgiveness; waiver
of punishment (Isl. Law); amnesty (
for); boon, kindness, favor; surplus;
afwan I beg your pardon! excuse me! (in
reply to thank you) youre welcome!
dont mention it!; of ones own accord, by
o.s., spontaneously; casually; without
design, in passing, incidentally I
(( ( mm) amnesty ( for);
( aqq al-a., uqba) aqaba u (aqb) to follow ( s.o., s.th.
right of granting pardon (jur.); or after s.o., after s.th.), succeed ( s.o.,
afwa l-kir spontaneously,
unhesitatingly, casually
afw pl. af young donkey
afw spontaneous
afy (eg.) strong, vigorous, husky,
robust
af effacement, obliteration,
extinction, ruin, fall; dust s.o.); to punish ( or
adrakah l-afu to fall into disuse, pass
out of use; its all over with him, s.th.), succeed ( s.o., s.th.); to come
he is done for
mufh exemption, excuse,
dispensation
if exemption (from a fee, and
the like), excuse, dispensation; remission
(of punishment); discharge, dismissal
(from an office)
istif request for pardon;
excuse, apology; resignation ( from an
office)
fin effaced, obliterated, wiped
out, eliminated
fiya (good) health, well-being;
vigor, vitality
mufan exempt(ed), free,
excused, dispensed ( from); healthy
s.th.); -- aqqa u ( uqq) to be
disobedient, disrespectful, undutiful, 625
refractory, recalcitrant ( abhu or
wlidah toward his father, of a child)
aqq disobedient, disrespectful,
undutiful, refractory, recalcitrant (child)
aqq (coll.; n. un. )pl.
aqiq2 carnelian; (pl. aiqqa)
canyon, gorge, ravine
aqq carnelian-red
uqq disobedience, unruliness,
refractoriness, recalcitrance (of a child)
aaqq2 more irreverent, more
disrespectful, naughtier
(aaqqaka) how irreverent you are!
qq disobedient, disrespectful,
undutiful, refractory, recalcitrant (child)
s.th.); to come after, ensue; to continue II
to follow ( s.o., s.th. or after s.o., after
s.th.), succeed ( s.o., s.th.); to pursue,
follow, trail ( s.o., s.th.); to expose,
compromise, show up ( s.o.); to revise,
correct, rectify, amend; to review
critically, criticize ( s.th.), comment (
on s.th.) to tread in s.o.s
footsteps III to alternate, take turns ( with
s.o. for) IV to
follow ( s.o., s.th. or after s.o., after
after, ensue; to have for son ( s.o.), be the
father ( of a son); to have as offspring,
have sired ( s.o.); to revert from evil to
good, mend ones ways, reform; to end uqayyib a small eagle, Eaglet 626
well, succeed, V to pursue, follow, trail ( uqba pl. -t punishment,
s.o., s.th.) VI to be successive or penalty; pl. punitive measures, sanctions
consecutive, succeed one another, follow ( iqtidya) economic
one after the other; to dart one by one ( sanctions; penal code
upon), launch successive attacks, act
successively, embark successively ( uqb penal, punitive
upon) uqb end, outcome, upshot; issue,
aqib, aqb pl. aqb heal; effect, result, consequence
last part of s.th., end; that which follows yaqb2 Jacob, James; yaqb (pl.
subsequently or ensues, subsequence yaqb2) male mountain quail
(with foll. genit.); grandson; offspring, (zool.) li-hjatin f
progeny; aqiba (prep.) immediately after, nafsi y. for some unknown reason, from
subsequent to ( aqibah) or secret motives
, he came closely after him;
al aqibi immediately after ...; yaqb pl. yaqiba a
( )( aqibaihi) pl. Jacobite, an adherent of Jacob Baradai;
)( to retrace ones steps, Jacobite (adj.; Chr.)
turn back; ( raddah) pl. taqb pl. -t pursuit, chase;
to drive s.o. back to where he investigation; comment(ing); appeal (of a
came from; ( irtadda) pl. sentence, jur.) court of
to withdraw, retreat; review, appellate court (Tun.)
( rasan) head over heels, topsy-turvy,
upside down; from the ground up, muqaba infliction of
radically; ( ahran) do.; punishment, punishment; pl.
( a. i-ahr) at the end of the sanctions (pol.)
month; a. a-alawt iqb infliction of punishment,
(supererogatory) prayers performed after punishment; penalty
the prescribed salat; at
iqb penal, punitive
daybreak, immediately after night was
over taaqqub pl. -t pursuit, chase;
investigation
uqb pl. aqb end, outcome,
upshot; issue, effect, result, consequence; taqub succession
rest, remnant, remainder; (cigarette, etc.) in the course of centuries
end, butt, stub (of a pencil, of a candle, of qib: successively
a check, etc.); counterfoil
aqiba pl. awqib2 end,
aqaba pl. iqb steep road or outcome, upshot; issue, effect, result,
track, steep incline; pass, mountain road; consequence benign (disease)
or qalat al-a. qaba
(seaport in SW Jordan): (pl. -t, muqib alternate; punisher
iqb) obstacle; difficulty mutaqib successive,
(aqabatan) to stand in the way of s.th., consecutive, uninterrupted, continuous
obstruct s.th.
aqada i (aqd) to knit, knot, tie (
aqb one who, or that which, s.th.) to fasten with a knot ( s.th.); to put
succeeds or is subsequent; following, together, join, fold, lock ( ones hands,
subsequent ( aqba) thereafter, and the like); to contract ( the brows,
afterwards, subsequently and the like); to fix ( ones eyes, on);
uqb (usually f.) pl. aqub, to arch, vault ( a structure); to hold,
iqbn eagle; quila (astron.) convene, convoke, summon, call ( s.th.,
e.g., a session, a meeting); to conclude (
uqb eagle, (in compounds), a contract), effect ( a transaction, a sale);
aquiline
to contract ( a loan) aqada remain without blossom and fruit, be
amalan) to pin, or set, ones hope(s) on ...; without any effect and consequence VIII
( jabhatah) to knit, or wrinkle, to believe (firmly) (s.th., in)
ones brows, frown;
aqd knitting, knotting, tying;
(mudatatan) to strike up a conversation; joining, junction, looking; holding,
( uqida kibatuh) she summoning, convocation (of a session, of
became engaged to; ( ) a meeting); conclusion (of a contract, of a
( kinir, kanir) to give s.th. top- sale); contraction (of a loan, and the like);
rating because of its excellence, put s.th.
-- (pl. uqd) contract, agreement,
above everything else; ( zawjan) arrangement; legal act, legal transaction;
to contract a marriage; )( document, deed; vault, arah; group of ten,
(azma) to make up ones mind to do s.th., half-score; decade, decennium
be (firmly) determined to do s.th.; (alf) millennium; a. az-zawj
to silence s.o.; to found, start, contraction of marriage, marriage;
originate, launch, produce, kindle, marriage certificate; contraction
provoke s.th.; of marriage, marriage; a. al-
(liwu l-q.) the flagship; milkya title deed; ( infaraa)
( liwuh li-l-amrl) the they broke up, they went their own ways
admirals flagship; ( niyatah)
= ( niqan) to form a iqd pl. uqd chaplet, necklace
cordon ( around s.o.); center, focus, highlight, chief
(nyata) to resolve, make up ones mind to attraction, pice de rsistance
do s.th., decide on s.th.; uqda pl. uqad knot (also =
))uqida lah liwu l-majd (n-nar) nautical mile); inch; joint (anat.); splice;
approx.: he was awarded the laurel of knot, knur, knob, swelling, nodule, node,
fame (of victory); ( al l- protuberance, excrescence, outgrowth;
mara) to marry a woman II to knit compact, covenant, contract; problem,
(tightly), knot, tie ( s.th.); to pile up, difficulty; puzzle, riddle; complex
mass together ( e.g., clouds), cluster ( (psychol.)
e.g., vapors, steam); to complicate, make
difficult, intricate, or tangled ( s.th.) II aqqd a producer and seller of
and IV to congeal, coagulate, clot, cords, braiding and tassels, maker of
thicken, inspissate ( s.th., esp. by trimmings
boiling) V to be knit (together), knotted, iqda manufacture of trimmings,
tied with knots; to be or become intricate braiding, etc.
or complicated; to congeal, coagulate,
clot, thicken; to gather (of clouds, 627 aqd pl. uqad2 contracting
etc.) ( lisnuh) to express o.s. party, contractant, contractor; a military
with difficulty, speak laboringly; to be rank, approx.: lieutenant colonel (Ir.);
unable to speak, be tongue-tied VI to be colonel (mil., U.A.R.)
interknit, interknotted, interjoined, aqda pl. aqid2 article of
interlinked; to make a contract; to reach faith, tenet, doctrine; dogma; creed, faith,
agreement, come to mutual agreement ( belief; conviction; O ideology
on, about) VII to be knit (together), ( kurfya) superstition;
knotted, tied with knots, entangled; to according to my conviction, as I believe
contract, become contracted (e.g., brows);
aqid O ideological
to be inhibited (tongue); to congeal,
coagulate, clot, thicken; to be concluded aqad2 (elative) knottier, more
(contract), be effected (sale); to convene, knotted; more complicated, more difficult;
assemble, meet (a committee, a -- aqad2, f. aqd knotty, knotted,
conference, and the like) guarded ( aan) knotty stick,
( ijm) there is general conviction brier cane
that ...; ( zahr, tamar) to
 maqid pl. maqid2 piece
where s.th. is knotted or tied in a knot or
knots; point where s.th. joins or meets, a
junction, a juncture, a joint, a seam
the object on which s.o. pins his hopes;
( kar bi-m. jafnih) no own ground
slumber closed his lids
taqd complication, entanglement,
involvement; complicatedness, intricacy;
complexity, tangledness; pl. -t intricate,
complicated problems
taaqqud complicatedness,
complexity, intricacy
iniqd meeting, convening,
session (of a committee, and the like)
daur al-in. session, term (parl.) property, or real estate; consisting in
itiqd (firm) belief, faith, trust,
confidence, conviction; -- (pl. -t)
(religious) creed, faith; article of faith;
principle of faith, tenet; doctrine; dogma
628
itiqd dogmatic; (pl. -n)
dogmatist ( madhab)
dogmatism
qid legally competent to contract
(Isl. Law)
maqd knit, knotted, etc., see
(of milk) curdled tongue-tied,
incapable of speech aqra voice
(amalu) it was hoped that
muaqqad knotted, knotty, gnarl.d;
complicated, intricate, entangled, snarled,
involved, difficult
muqad contracting party,
contractant, contractor
mutaqid: the two
contracting parties
mutaqad believed; it is aqa pl. aqi2,
believed that ..., it is held that ; -- (pl.
-t) article of faith, principle of faith,
tenet; doctrine; dogma; creed, faith;
conviction, belief, view, opinion
aqara i (aqr) to wound ( s.o., s.th.);
-- aqura u and aqara i (uqr, aqr,
aqra) to be barren, sterile; to be
childless III to be addicted, be given ( to
s.th., e.g., to drinking) IV to stun, stupefy
( s.o.)
uqr, aqr barrenness, sterility;
middle, center within the
house itself (not outside the house);
in his own house; within
the country; in their own country, on their
uqr indemnity for illicit sexual
intercourse with a woman slave (Isl. Law);
childless man
aqr pl. -t immovable property,
immovables, real property, real estate,
realty; piece of real estate, landed property
uqr residue
aqr of or pertaining to
immovable property, immovables, landed
immovable property, immovables, landed
property, or real estate; landed
real-estate bank, land-mortgage bank;
( rahn) mortgage on landed property,
landed security; ( qism) real-
estate administration (Tun.);
(milk) landed property
aqr mordacious, rapacious,
voracious (animal)
aqqr pl. aqqr2 drug;
medicament, remedy
aqra barrenness, sterility
qir (f.) barren, sterile (woman)
aqrab pl. aqrib2 scorpion; sting,
prick; hand (of a watch or clock); look,
curl; Scorpio (astron.)
muaqrab crooked, curved,
curled
aqaa i (aq) to braid, plait ( the hair)
iq braid, plait (of hair), lock
aqaq pl. aqiq2 magpie (zol.)
aqafa i (aqf) to crook, hook, bend
sharply ( s.th.) II = I
uqfa pl. -t loop, ring, eyelet (to
hold a button, the cords of the iql, and
the like)
aqaf2, f. aqf2 crooked,
bent, hooked
 O maqif square bracket iql pl. uqul cord used for
maqf crooked, bent, hooked; hobbling the feet of a camel; a headband
made of camels hair, holding the kfya
bent at the ends, handlebar-shaped
in place ( alaqa
(mustache); dual square brackets
arban) to unleash or start a war
(typ.) the swastika
aql understanding, reasonable,
munaqif square bracket
sensible, discerning, intelligent; costive
in square brackets 629
medicine; (and ql) a low spiny
aqala i (aql) to hobble with the iql ( shrub of the steppes of North Africa and
q.v.; al-bara the camel); to Western Asia (camels-thorn, Alhagi
intern, confine, detain, arrest, put under maurorom; Alhagi manniferom Desv.;
arrest ( s.o.); to throw ( s.o.) in wrestling; bot.)
to pay blood money or wergild ( for the
aqla pl. aqil2 the best, the
slain to s.o.); to be endowed with (the
pick; wife, spouse ( sayyida)
faculty of) reason, be reasonable, have
intelligence; to be in ones senses, be his wife; a. a-ift the very
best qualities
conscious; to realize, comprehend,
understand ( s.th.) ( lisnah) aqal2 brighter, smarter, more
to tongue-tie s.o., make s.o. speechless II intelligent
to make ( s.o.) reasonable or sensible, maqil pl. maqil2 refuge,
bring ( s.o.) to reason V to be or become
sanctuary; stronghold, fortress, fort; O
reasonable, sensible, rational, intelligent,
pillbox, bunker, dugout (mil.); fortified
judicious, prudent, wise; to comprehend,
position
grasp ( s.th.) VIII to arrest, put under
arrest, apprehend, detain ( s.o.); to intern maqula pl. maqil2 blood
( s.o.); to seize, impound ( s.th.) money, wergild
aql blood money, bloodwite, taaqqul understanding,
wergild; (pl. uql) sense, sentience, discernment, prudence, judiciousness,
reason, understanding, comprehension, wisdom sensibly, intelligently
discernment, insight, rationality, mind, itiql pl. -t arrest, detention,
intellect, intelligence muktall internment; cramp, spasm
al-a. mentally deranged, demented, muaskar al-it. concentration camp
insane, mad; )( sane; O
( or , or ( ) l-ur, qil pl. -n, uqal2,
gairu l-w) the unconscious, the uqql understanding, reasonable,
subliminal; O ( or , or sensible, rational, discerning, intelligent,
( )ur) the subconscious, the prudent, judicious, wile; in full possession
coconscious; O ( mumayyiz) the of ones mental faculties, compos mentis,
conscious; O electronic sane in mind
computer qila a clan committed by
aql reasonable, rational; unwritten law of the Bedouins to pay the
ratiocinative; mental; intellectual; (pl. -n) bloodwite for each of its members
rationalist; an intellectual;
al-aqlyt the mental world maql reasonable, sensible,
(madhab) rationalism; mental intelligible, comprehensible,
diseases understandable, plausible, logical;
rational; apprehensive faculty,
aqlya mentality, mental attitude comprehension, intellect, discernment,
uqla pl. uqal knot, knob, node judiciousness, judgment; common sense
(e.g., of a reed, cane, etc.); joint, unintelligible, 630
articulation; knuckle; layer (hort.); trapeze incomprehensible, nonsensical,
incongruous, preposterous, absurd
 maqlya, comprehensibility,
intelligibility; logicality, rationality, or
reasonable character, logicality,
rationality, reasonableness
mutaqal pl. -t concentration
camp; prison camp; internment camp,
detention camp
aqama u and aquma u (aqm; uqm) to be
barren, sterile (womb, woman); -- aqama
i (aqm) to render barren ( the womb) II
to render sterile or barren, sterilize (
s.o., s.th.); to degerminate ( s.th.); to
pasteurize ( s.th.); to disinfect ( s.th.) V
to be rendered barren, be sterilized
aqm, uqm, aqam barrenness,
sterility
uqma barrenness, sterility
aqm pl. uqum, iqm tease, harass ( s.o.) VI to be reversed, be
barren; sterile; useless, unavailing, futile,
fruitless, ineffectual, ineffective,
unproductive (e.g., work, attempt)
taqm sterilization, degermination,
pasteurization; disinfection
O muaqqim disinfector,
disinfecting apparatus
muaqqam sterilized, pasteurized,
disinfected, degerminated
akka i (akk) to be sultry, muggy (day)
akk sultry, muggy, sweltering
akka2, akk2 and akkk ( masalata
Acre (seaport in Palestine)
akk sultry, muggy, sweltering
(day)
akira a (akar) to be or become
turbid, muddy, roily II to render turbid, to
roil, to muddy ( or s.th.); to disturb,
trouble ( or s.th.) ( afwa) mukasa pl. as disturbance;
to destroy the untroubled state, disturb
the order; ( afwah) and (jawwya) inclemency of the weather
( afwa) to kill s.o.s good spirits,
spoil s.o.s good humor V to become
turbid, become muddy; to deteriorate, be
aggravated, become worse (situation)
amr turbidity, muddiness;
sediment, dregs, lees
akir turbid, muddy, roily;
troubled, disturbed
akra, ikra (eg.) sediment,
dregs, lees
takr (act of) rendering turbid,
roiling, muddying; disturbance, troubling,
derangement
muakkar turbid, sedimentous,
roiled, muddy; disturbed, troubled
V to lean ( on a staff)
ukkz, ukkza pl. -t,
akkz2 staff, stick; crutch
akasa i (aks) to reverse, invert ( s.th.);
to reflect, throw back, cast back, mirror (
s.th.) III to counteract, oppose, contradict (
s.o., s.th.), thwart ( s.th.); to disturb,
trouble ( s.o., s.th.); to molest, vex,
inverted; to be thrown back, be cast back,
be reflected, be mirrored VII to be
reversed, be inverted; to turn back (
against); to redound ( to, on); to be
thrown back, be cast back ( or by),
be reflected, be mirrored ( or by, in)
aks reversal, reversion, inversion;
reflection; opposite, contract, contrary,
reverse aksa d. and
in contrast with that, contrary to that;
to be in contrast to, be in
opposition to; on the contrary,
conversely; and vice versa;
ardan) he studied the problem from all
sides or in all its aspects
aks contrary, opposite,
contrasting, antithetical, adverse
aks layer, shoot, cion (hort.)
molestation, pestering, harassment;
struggle, fight, battle
iniks reflection; (pl. -t)
reflex
iniks reflectional, reflexive,
reflex (adj.) ( araka) reflex
action, reflex (physiol.)
kis screen, lamp shade; reflector
 kisa reflector; eye shade; lamp to indulge in hopes; to entertain vain
shade hopes; to cherish the hope
of ...; to put s.o. off with
mukis counter-, contra-, anti-
promises V to occupy o.s., busy o.s.,
( hajma) counterattack
amuse o.s., distract o.s., divert o.s. (
mutakis contrasting, opposite, with); to make an excuse, offer a pretext;
opposed, conflicting to offer or use as an excuse, offer a pretext
munakis reflected ( s.th.); to use as an expedient, as a
(ra) mirror image, reflected image, makeshift ( s.th.) ( bi-illatin)
reflection, reflex; reflex actions to make a pretext, plead s.th. as an excuse
VIII to be or fall ill; to be weak, defective;
aka awkwardness, clumsiness to make an excuse, offer a pretext; to
uka, uka spider; spider web, adduce, give, offer ( a reason or excuse,
cobweb for s.th.); to pretend, purport, allege,
feign, dissimulate, offer as a pretext or
akafa u i ( ukuf) to adhere, cling, excuse ( s.th.) 632
stick, keep ( to); to give o.s. over,
apply o.s., devote o.s., be addicted ( to illa pl. -t, ilal illness,
s.th.), indulge ( in s.th.), be obsessed ( sickness, disease, malady; deficiency,
by), be bent, be intent ( on s.th.); to defect, weakness; weakness, defectiveness
be busily engaged ( in), busy o.s. ( (of a letter or word; gram.); metrical
with); to remain uninterruptedly ( in); to variation or irregularity (prosody); -- (pl.
seclude o.s., isolate o.s. ( in, at a place), ilal) cause, reason, occasion; excuse,
withdraw, retire ( into, to a place); -- pretense, pretext, plea the
akafa u i (akf) to hold back, restrain, weak letters ( ;gram.); in
keep ( s.o. from) II to hold back, spite of his weaknesses, such as he is;
restrain, keep ( s.o. from) V to remain cause and effect; the
uninterruptedly ( in); to seclude o.s., principal cause of ..., the deeper reason
isolate o.s. ( in, at a place; from), underlying ...
withdraw, retire ( into, to a place; alla pl. -t concubine
from); to live in seclusion. in retirement ( ban l-a. sons of a man by different
from) VIII = V; to devote o.s., apply mothers
o.s. assiduously ( to s.th.), busy o.s. (
with) all pl. ailla sick, ill, ailing;
sick person, patient; soft, gentle, mild,
pl. -n, ukf, ukkaf pleasant
given, addicted ( to s.th.); obsessed (
by), bent, intent ( on); busily illya causality
engaged ( in), busy ( with) ilya, ullya and illyn see
akama i (akm) to bundle up, pack, tie in
a cloth, and the like ( s.th.) ulla comfort, consolation;
1
alu see remainder, remnant, rest
2
alla, la-alla (particle; with accusative tall pl. -t entertainment,
noun immediately following) perhaps, diversion, distraction; argumentation,
maybe ( man yadr) who justification, motivation, explanation
knows if tailla pl. -t pretext, pretense,
3
alla i and pass. ulla to be or fall ill II to excuse; makeshift, expedient, substitute,
occupy, busy, keep busy, entertain, surrogate
distract ( s.o. with); to justify, itill illness, sickness, disease,
motivate, explain ( s.th. with) malady; weakness, defectiveness
)( to indulge in the hope that
mall ill, sick, ailing; effect
, entertain or cherish the hope of or that
( illa) cause and effect;
, be given to the illusion that ...;
 ittakada l-malla illatan to
mistake cause and effect
muall ill, sick, ailing
mutall ill, sick, ailing; weak
(letter; gram.); defective (word; gram.)
II to can, tin, preserve in cans ( s.th.)
ulba pl. ulab, ilb box,
case; can, tin; etui
III to treat ( s.o., a patient; a disease,
also a subject); to occupy o.s., concern
o.s., have to do, deal ( with s.o., with
s.th.), attend, turn ( to s.o., to s.th.); to
cultivate ( s.th., e.g., a literary genre); to
take up ( s.th.), go in ( for s.th.), apply
o.s. ( to s.th.); to take upon o.s. ( s.th.),
undergo ( s.th.); to work ( s.th. or on
s.th.), process, treat, manipulate, handle (
s.th.); to endeavor, take pains, try hard (
or to do s.th.); to palpate, paw, finger,
touch ( s.o.), fumble around ( on s.o.); to
influence ( s.o.), work ( upon s.o. by
arguments or persuasions), prevail ( on
s.o.) ( ramaqa) to be on annotate, gloss, furnish with notes or a
the verge of death, be dying;
(bi-anatin) to land a stab on s.o., stab
s.o. VI to be under medical treatment,
receive or undergo medical treatment VIII
to wrestle, struggle, fight (with one
another); to be in violent commotion or
agitation, heave, surge, tremble
ilj pl. ulj infidel; uncouth
fellow, lout
mulaja treatment (of a patient,
also of a subject); nursing (of a patient);
cultivation (of an art); manipulation,
handling, processing, treatment (of a
material, etc.)
ilj medical treatment; remedy;
cure, therapy
taluj curative, therapeutic
taluj medical treatment (which one
undergoes)
alafa i (alf) to feed, fodder ( livestock)
alaf pl. alf, ilf, alaq (con.; n. un. )pl. -t
ulfa fodder, forage, provender
allaf pl. seller of provender
alfa pl. alif2 stall-fed
animal; -- (pl. uluf) fodder, forage,
provender 633
milaf pl. malif2 manger,
trough
malaf stall-fed, fattened
(animal)
aliqa a (alaq) to hang, be suspended,
dangle; to stick, cling, cleave, adhere (
to); to catch ( on, in), get caught or
stuck ( on, in); to be attached, affixed,
subjoined ( to s.th.); -- ( ulq,
alqa) to keep ( to s.o.), he attached, be
devoted ( to s.o.), be fond ( of s.o.);
(with foll. imperf.) to begin, commence
to ..., start doing s.th.; -- aliqat (
ulq) to become pregnant, conceive
(woman) II to hang, suspend ( or
s.th. on), attach, hitch, fasten, affix, tie (
s.th. or to); to leave undecided, keep
pending, keep in abeyance ( s.th.); to
make dependent or conditional ( s.th.
or on); to comment ( on s.th.);
commentary ( s.th.), remark, state (
with regard to); to make notes ( of s.th.),
jot down ( s.th.) to set
ones hopes on; )(
(ahammyatan) to attach importance to
s.th. IV to hang, suspend ( s.th. on),
attach, hitch, fasten, affix, tie ( s.th.
to); to apply leeches V to hang, be
suspended, dangle ( from); to cling,
cleave, adhere ( to); to keep, stick, hang
on ( to); to be attached, be devoted (
to), be fond ( of s.o.); to depend, be
dependent or conditional ( or on); to
refer, pertain, belong,
be related ( to), be connected, have to
do ( with), concern ( s.th.)
(bi-ubbih) to be fond of s.o., be
affectionately attached to s.o.;
with regard to, as to, regarding,
concerning
ilq, alq pl. alq precious
thing, object of value
medicinal leech; leech; (coagulated)
blood, blood clot
 alqa (eg.) beating; bastinado; a
thrashing, spanking
alq pl. aliq2 fodder,
forage, provender
' ullaiq twining and creeping plants
or shrubs (of various kinds); the lesser
bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis; bot.;
common English blackberry, bramble
(Rubus fruticosus; bot.); blackberry;
raspberry
ullaiqa: u. ms the
Burning Bush
allq cost hanger
alqa attachment, devotion,
affection, bond; (pl. -t, aliq2)
relation, affiliation, association, contact,
bond, connection ( with) s.o.;
public relations; connected with,
related to; ( sult) the
competent authorities; ) )
qa al-a. severance of relations;
) )tawattur al-a. tenseness of annoyance, vexation, chicanery or
relations, tension in the relations
ilqa pl. aliq2 a strap,
and the like, for suspending s.th.
allqa coat hanger
alaq2: ( dihn) that to alima a (ilm) to know ( or
which the mind is more inclined
milq pl. malq2 pluck about or of s.th.), be familiar, be
(of an animal)
talq hanging, suspending;
temporary stay, remission or abrogation,
suspension; the oblique, hanging ductus
(in Arabic calligraphy); (pl. -t,
talq2) commentary, comment(s),
explanatory remarks; suspended lamp
t. a-alq conditional school, educate ( s.o.); to designate,
repudiation, conditional pronunciation of
the talak (Isl. Law); ( anb) mark ( s.th.); to put a mark ( on) IV
news commentary (radio) 634
talqa pl. -t, talq2 advise, apprise, inform ( or
marginal note, annotation, note, gloss,
scholium
taalluq attachment, devotion (
to), affection ( for); linkage, connection,
relationship ( with)
mualliq commentator (radio,
press)
muallaq suspended, hanging; in
suspense, in abeyance, pending,
undecided; hinging ( on); depending,
dependent, conditional ( or on),
conditioned ( or by) ( jisr)
suspension bridge; suspense
account; suspension railways;
pending questions;
(ragbatuh) his desire is directed toward
muallaqa pl. -t placard, poster,
bill; the oldest collection of
complete ancient Arabic kasidas
mutaalliq attached, devoted (
to); connected ( with), related, pertaining
( to), concerning ( s.o. or s.th.)
( bi-ubbih) affectionately attached to
depending on s.o. or s.th.,
pertaining to s.o.s authority
alqam pl. alqim2 colocynth (bot.)
to taste bitterness suffer
torments ( from)
alaka u i (alk) to chew, champ ( s.th.,
esp. the bit, of a horse)
ilk mastic
s.o.,
s.th.), have knowledge, be cognizant, be
aware ( or of s.th.), be informed ( or
acquainted ( or with s.th.); to perceive,
discern ( or s.th.), find out ( or
about s.th., from), learn, come to know
( or s.th. or about s.th., from); to
distinguish, differentiate ( s.th. from)
II to teach ( or s.o. s.th.), instruct,
brief ( or s.o. in s.th.); to train.
mark, earmark, provide with a distinctive
to let ( s.o.) know ( or s.th. or about
s.th.), tell ( or s.o. about), notify,
s.o. of
or about s.th.). acquaint ( or s.o.
with) V to learn, study (A s.th.); to know (
s.th.) X to inquire ( or of s.o.
about), ask, query ( or s.o. about),
inform o.s. ( or through s.o. about).
gather information ( or from s.o.
about)
 ilm knowledge, learning, lore; lamya internationality;
cognizance, acquaintance; information; limya see after lim
cognition, intellection, perception,
almn, laic, lay; (pl. -n)
knowledge; (pl. ulm) science; pl.
layman (in distinction from the clergy)
the (natural) sciences
ilman wa-amalan theoretically and alm pl. ulam knowing;
practically; ( li-yakun) be it cognizant, informed; learned, erudite;
known to him, may he know, for his the omniscient (one of the attributes of
information; ( tmm) to God)
know s.th. inside out, be thoroughly allm knowing thoroughly (with
familiar with s.th.; to have full cognizance foll. genit.: s.th.), completely familiar
of s.th.; bacteriology; (with)
sociology; arithmetic;
i. al-ayh biology; do.; alma see ( prep.) under
i. al-ayawn zoology; allma most erudite, very
ethics; i. ad-darrt nuclear learned
physics; i. at-tarbiya pedagogy;
i. a-ia hygiene; alma pl. -t, alim2 mark,
phonetics; i. al-madn sign, token; badge, emblem;
mineralogy; i. al-luga distinguishing mark, characteristic
lexicography; i. an-nabtt indication,
botany; i. an-nafs psychology; syptom ( alma) in token of
i. w. al-a that, as a sign of that; ( tijrta)
physiology; lib ilm student; trade-mark; a. rutba insignia of
kullyat al-u. the Faculty of Science rank; O a. at-taattur and
of the Egyptian University a. at-taajub exclamation point;
ilm scientific; erudite (book); question mark; O
learned (society) 635 quotation mark

alam pl. alm sign, token, ailam tender; (pl. aylim2)

mark, badge, distinguishing mark,
characteristic; harelip; road sign, signpost,
guidepost; flag, banner; a distinguished,
outstanding man; an eminent personality,
au authority, a star, a luminary; proper
name (gram.) very
famous; ismun alamun or ism
alamin pl. proper name abode, locality, spot; track, trace;
(gram.); receipt
lam pl. -n, awlim2 world;
universe, cosmos; al-lamn the
two worlds = Europe and America;
lamn inhabitants of the world, specif.
human beings a. al-ayawn
the animal kingdom; . al-
madin the mineral kingdom;
. an-nabt the vegetable kingdom;
this world, this life
lami worldly, secular, world
(adj.); international; world-wide, world-
famous, enjoying world-wide renown
well with abundant water; sea
alma pl. alim2 road sign,
signpost, guidepost
tilma moot erudite, very
learned
malam pl. malim2 place,
landmark, mark, distinguishing mark,
characteristic; road sign, signpost,
guidepost; peculiarity, particularity; pl.
sights, curiosities; characteristic traits;
outlines, contours (e.g., of the body),
lineaments, features (of the face)
malama pl. -t encyclopedia
talm pl. -t, talm2
information, advice, instruction, direction;
teaching, instruction; training, schooling,
education; apprenticeship; pl.
instructions, directions, directives;
information, announcements
(muktali) coeducation; ( lin)
higher education, academic studies,
 murqib t. a military rank, approx.: marked marked with red
master sergeant (Eg. 1939); ol t. pencil
do. (Eg.); O fann at-t. pedagogy, mutaallim apprentice; educated;
pedagogics
an educated person
talm instructional, educational alana u, aluna u ( alniya) to be or
ilm notification, advice; become known, manifest, evident III to
information; notice indicate, make known, reveal, disclose (
to s.o. s.th.) IV to manifest, reveal,
taallum learning, studying, study;
education make known ( s.th.); to make public,
publicize, publish, disclose, declare,
istilm inquiry ( about); (pl. announce, proclaim, promulgate ( s.th.);
-t) Information maktab to state frankly ( to s.o. s.th.); to
al-i. information office, information desk; announce ( that); to issue a summons (
news agency, press agency, wire service to s.o.); to give notice ( of); to
lim knowing; familiar, acquainted advertise ( s.th., e.g., the rent or sale of
( with), cognizant ( of); expert, s.th. in a newspaper); to give evidence (
connoisseur, professional, (pl. 636 of), indicate, show, betray, bespeak (
ulam2) learned, erudite; scholar, savant, s.th.) ( arba) to declare
scientist ( ab) physicist, war on s.o. VIII = I; :x: - I; to seek to
natural scientist; bring out or to disclose ( s.th.); to bring
(muktan) the specialists, the experts to light ( s.th.)

lima woman of learning, woman alanan openly, overtly, publicly, in

scholar; (eg.) singer, chanteuse public

limya learnedness, alan open, overt, public

scholarliness, erudition, rank or dignity of alin open, overt, public; evident,
a lim; rank of scholarship, conferred by patent
diploma, of the Great Mosque in Tunis
alnya openness, overtness,
and of Al Azhar in Cairo
publicness, publicity (as opposed to
alam2 having more knowledge; secrecy); alniyatan openly, overtly,
more learned God knows best publicly, patently, in public
malm known; fixed, determined, iln pl. -t publication,
given; of course! certainly! sure! no promulgation; revelation, manifestation;
doubt! (as an affirmative reply); known proclamation; declaration, statement,
quantity (math.); the active voice pronouncement; announcement, notice;
(gram.); -- (pl. malim) fixed sum, advertising, publicity ( for);
fixed rate (money); fixed income; tax, advertisement, ad; poster, bill, placard
duty; fee; sum, amount, cost(s) i. ur summons;
m. al-ayawnt impost on i. al-arb declaration of war;
livestock (Tun.); -- pl. malmt i. adam at-tiqa vote of no confidence;
knowledge, lore, learning, perceptions, ( mubawwaba) classified ads;
discoveries, findings; known facts; ( auya) electric signs, sky
information, data; news, tidings signs
muallim pl. -n teacher, instructor; mulin announcer, master of
master (of a trade, etc.) ceremonies (e.g., in a cabaret)
father-confessor, confessor
mulan: summoned (before
muallima pl. -t woman teacher, a court)
woman instructor
)and ( al u (ulw) to be high,
muallam taught, instructed, elevated, rise high, loom, tower up; to
trained, schooled; designated, rise, ascend; to ring out (voice); to heave
(chest); to be higher or taller ( or exaltedness, sublimity u. a-
than s.o., than s.th.), (over)top ( or aut sound volume, sound intensity;
s.o., s.th.), tower ( or over s.o., 637 u. al-kab high, outstanding position
over s.th.), be located or situated higher (
ulw upper; heavenly, divine
or than s.th.); to be attached, fixed or ( irda) supreme will, divine
fastened above or on top of s.th. ( ;)to decree
rise ( or above s.th.); to exceed,
excel, surpass ( or s.o., s.th.); to be alaw upper; heavenly, celestial;
too high ( or for s.o., for s.th.); to Alawi (adj. and n.); pl. the Alawis
overcome, overwhelm ( or s.o.), get (official name of the Nusairis inhabiting
the better of s.o. ( ;)to turn upward; to the coastal district of Latakia in NW
ascend, mount, climb, scale ( s.th.); to Syria)
overspread, cover ( s.th.), come, descend ulan height, tallness, elevation,
( upon s.o., upon s.th.), befall, seize ( altitude; highness, exaltedness,
s.o., s.th.) to raise s.th. or s.o.; augustness, sublimity; high rank
to exalt, extol s.o.; ( sinnu) be
bad attained great age, he was an old man; al (prep.) on, upon, on top of,
( autuh) hie voice rang out above, over (place, rank); at, on, by; in, in
with ..., he exclaimed ... aloud; -- the state of, in the manner of, in
aliya a ( al) to be high, elevated; to possession of; to, toward, for; in addition
excel, stand out, surpass; -- al i to; to the debit of, to the disadvantage of;
(aly) to climb ( as-saa to the roof) against, in spite of, despite; on the basis
( adta, adau) rust has of, on the strength of, by virtue of, due to.
covered the tool; upon; by, through; according to. in
alat wajhah ufrat l-a. deathly pallor accordance with, pursuant to; to (ones
suffused his face; alathu s- taste, ones mind, ones liking, etc.);
sama he was overcome by fatigue; during; (as to syntactical regimen see
alat afataihi ragwa foam under respective verb) from
appeared on his lips II to raise, raise aloft, above from upon ..., from the top of ;
lift, hoist, lift up, elevate, uplift, exalt ( ( an, anna) on the condition that ,
s.o., s.th.) IV = II ( anah) to provided that ...; although, though, albeit;
play up, stress, emphasize s.th., put ( anna) (introducing a main clause)
emphasis on s.th.; to further, promote, however, but, on the other hand,
advance s.th.; to raise s.o.s prestige V to nevertheless, yet, still, ... though;
rise, become high VI to rise, lift, ascend, (in the subjective notion or view that ,
rise aloft; to resound, ring out; to be high, i.e.) as, e.g.:
exalted, sublime (esp. of God); to deem jan tamarti l-ari al annah
o.s. above s.o. or s.th. (), look down ( nimatu l-liha he reaped the fruits of the
on s.o. or s.th.); to stay away ( earth (accepting them) as a boon bestowed
from); tala come (here)! come on! by the grace of the gods;
Lets go! forward! VIII to rise, lift, (ahr l-kail) on horseback;
ascend, rise aloft; to rise high, tower up; to aboard the steamer; ( salmu)
mount, ascend, climb, scale ( s.th.); to may peace be upon you
step (up) ( on s.th.); to be enthroned, be al r-ras wa-l-ain very gladly! with
perched ( on s.th.); to tower ( above pleasure! publicly, for
s.th.); to ascend the throne; to accede to a everyone to see; he was
high office X to rise, to tower ( above); sitting by the fire; ( yamnih) to
to master ( s.th.); to take possession ( (at) his right; ( kulli) or
of s.th.), appropriate ( s.th.) (kullin) in any case, at any rate;
especially, particularly,
alu: min alu from above specifically; ( ilq) absolutely,
ulw height, tallness, elevation, unrestrictedly, without exception, in any
altitude; greatness, grandeur, highness, respect, under any circumstances;
approximately, almost, nearly,
about, circa; ( tawl) according to, in accordance with,
continuously, incessantly, in uninterrupted commensurate with, depending on;
succession; ( aui) or ( al) with her obeying, without
(nri) in the light of ...; opposition on her part; according
(aqqin) or to be on the right to his habit, as was his wont, as he used to
way, have hit on the right thing, be right; do; ( yuqlu) suddenly, all of a
or ( kaain) to be sudden, unawares, unexpectedly;
on the wrong way, be wrong, be mistaken; (ahdi) at the time of
( asani, yurm) he is as aly high, tall, elevated: exalted,
well as you can possibly wish (for him); sublime, lofty, august, excellent: the
... he has certain ...; Most High, the Supreme (one of the
( dak) he has a good deal of attributes of God) ( daula)
intelligence; there is
name of the old Ottoman Empire
nothing in it, its worthless;
all this is unfamiliar to him; he ilya (pl. of aly): ,
doesnt understand a thing about it; upper class, people of distinction,
( dni l-m.) to belong to the prominent people 639
Christian religion, be a Christian; ullya, illya pl. ally
( ilmin) to be informed about. be upper room, upstairs room
acquainted with ...; to wait
for s.o. or s.th.; for no reason; illyn the uppermoot heaven;
in cognizance of the loftiest heights
matter, knowing the matter; al high rank, high standing,
( marifatin) without his knowing about nobility
it, without his knowledge, unwittingly;
)or) take ...! help yourself alh pl. alan anvil
to ...! make use of ...! ( bi-- aly2 loftiness, exaltedness,
abr) you must have patience! he is sublimity, augustness; lofty height;
the one we must have! ( alayya) heaven(s) ahl al-a. people of
bring, give him (or it) to me! I must have highest social standing
him (or it)! it is incumbent on him
ilwa addition; increase, raise,
to ; its his duty to ...; he must , he
extra allowance, subsidy
will have to ...; dont worry!
(ilwata) in addition to
never mind! Its nothing! no harm done!
(indicating forgiveness, indulgence); alya height, loftiness
what of it! what does it matter! lets forget al, f. uly, pl. ulan,
it! dont worry about ..., dont alin higher, highest; upper, uppermost;
mind dont give a thought; alin the highest portion of s.th.;
he doesnt care if ; its of little importance heights, peaks (fig.) alhu further
to him that ; ( isbih) at his up, above; above-mentioned;
expense; ( dain) he is in debt(s); ( )( mutamar
( sinnih qawy) he bears his munaqid, mustawan) top-level
years well; alma wherefore? what conference; bi-al autin very
for? why? istaiqaa al l- loud, at the top of ones voice;
adn he awoke over the call to prayer, he seagoing vessel; a. n-nl the
was awakened by the azan; upper course of the Nile
(qla, lisnih) he was supposed to have
said things which , statements were malin (pl.): noble
ascribed to him which ...; ( yadih) things; or malhi His
through him, by him, at his hand; Excellency, His Excellency the
in this manner, thus; accordingly, hence; Minister (title of cabinet ministers)
( yuqlu) as they say, as it is
said; al asabi (prep.)
 taliya elevation, enhancement, universally; to attire ( s.o.) with a turban
uplift, exaltation; raising (e.g., of the V to put on or wear a turban VIII = V
voice)
amm pl. umm, amm
il elevation, enhancement, fathers brother, paternal uncle
uplift, exaltation; raising, lifting ibn al-amm cousin on the fathers
i. ani . boosting, furtherance, side; bint al-amm female cousin
promotion, or advancement of s.th. on the fathers side
itil ascension (e.g., to the amma pl. -t paternal aunt
throne); accession to office (e.g., of a
imma turban
cabinet minister)
amm general, universal, common,
istil superiority prevalent; all-comprehensive
lin high, tall, elevated; loud,
umm generality, universality,
strong (voice); higher (as opposed to prevalence; whole, total, totality,
elementary); lofty, exalted, sublime, high- aggregate; the (general) public, the
ranking, of high standing; excellent, first- public at large; umman in general,
class, first-rate, outstanding, of top quality generally -- in general in
(commodity) the Sublime
particular; in general, generally;
Porte; ( ag) high voltage, high
bi-wajhi l-u. generally
tension (el.); ( tawtur) high
speaking, in general; ( u. il-
frequency (el.); liyah above,
qur) throughout the country;
above-mentioned (in letters; esp. in
majlis al-u. the House of Commons, the
official and business style);
Lower House; umm frequently replaces
(bi-lhi) above-mentioned; (eg.)
umm in compound terms of
l al-l excellent, first-rate, top-quality,
administrative language, e.g.:
A-l (merchandise)
j. u. al-umml general federation of
mutalin high, elevated, lofty, labor; General
exalted; resounding, ringing; the Administration of Customs and Tariffs
Most High, the Supreme Being (one of the (Eg.); ( dwn u. al-
attributes of God) malaa) administration headquarters,
chief administration office;
=
d. u. al-mlya General Administration of
= Finances (Eg.); t. u. ar-
see riyy General Inspectorate of Irrigation
1
(Eg.); mufatti u. an-
abbreviation of the formula nl al-janb Inspector General for the
(salmu) may peace be upon him! Southern Nile (Eg.)
2
amma = ( <( umm public; universal;
3
amma u ( umm) to be or become general; common; state, civil, public
general, universal, common, prevalent, ( jamya) plenary session;
comprehensive, all-embracing, to spread, general assembly; ( dr al-
prevail; -- amma u to comprise, include, kutub) public library; public
embrace, encompass, pervade ( s.th.), works; ( undq) public
extend, stretch, be spread, be diffused, be treasure
prevailing ( all over s.th.) umma uncleship, unclehood;
(balw) it has become a general necessity pl. of amm
II to generalize ( s.th.); to spread
universally, universalize, popularize, imma pl. amim2 turban
democratize ( s.th.); to make ( s.th.) tamm generalization,
universally accessible, open ( s.th.) to universalization, general propagation or
the public at large; to introduce ( s.th.)
 diffusion, popularization, democratization; use as a basis ( or s.th.); to employ,
vulgarization use, apply ( s.th., e.g., a new method); to
mm public; universal, prevalent; confirm ( s.th.); to sanction, authorize (
general; common ( amn) public s.th.); to loan, give on credit ( to s.o. a
sum)
security; ( mudr) director general,
general manager; ( ray) public amd intention, intent, design,
opinion; or purpose; premeditation, willfulness (jur.);
(malaa) public welfare, the amdan intentionally, deliberately, on
commonweal; ( k) high and purpose; willfully, premeditatedly (jur.)
low, all men, all, everybody (also ibh al-a. quasi-deliberate intent
) (Isl. Law)
mma generality; commonalty; amd intentional, deliberate;
the masses, the people; mmatan in premeditated, willful (jur.)
general; genera.lly; oommonly, altogether, umda support, prop, shore; main
in ths aggregate, collectively -- subject, main issue, basic issue (e.g., of a
( katan) in particular -- in general; controversy); (pl. umad) chief of a
the common people, the masses, village, chief magistrate of a small
the populace; ( ka) high community (eg.); mayor
and low, all men, all, everybody
imd pl. amad support, prop,
al-awmm (pl. of mma) the stay (also fig.); bracket, buttress, post,
common people, the populace; the laity pole, pillar; -- imd baptism
(Chr.)
amd pl. umad2 support;
mm common, vulgar, plebeian,
head, chief; dean (of a faculty); principal,
ordinary, popular: ordinary person, man in
headmaster, director (of a secondary
the street; al-mmya popular
school); doyen, dean (as, of a diplomatic
language, colloquial language
corps); high commissioner (also
muammam wearing a turban,
), resident general; military ranks,
turbaned
approx. major (Eg. 1939), approx.
4
amm = lieutenant commander (Eg. 1939), approx.
amada i (amd) to support, prop, commanding) general (Ir.), lieutenant
colonel (U.A.R.) ( tnin) a
shore, buttress ( s.th.); to intend, purpose
military rank intermediate between those
( or or s.th.); to betake o.s., repair,
of major and captain, Brit.: adjutant-major
go ( or or A to); to approach,
(Eg. 1939); a naval rank intermediate
undertake ( or s.th.), go, set ( or
between those of lieutenant commander
about s.th.), proceed, apply o.s., turn,
and lieutenant (Eg. 1939)
attend ( or to), embark ( or upon);
to take up ( s.th.); to be intent ( on amda principal, headmistress,
s.th.): -- amada i to baptize, christen ( directress (of a secondary school for girls)
s.o.) II to baptize, christen ( s.o.) IV to amd pl. amida, umud
support, prop, shore, buttress ( flagpole, shaft (of a standard); pale, post,
s.th.); to baptize, christen ( s.o.) V to prop, shore, pier, buttress; lamppost;
intend, purpose, do intentionally, do on (telephone, telegraph) pole; column,
purpose ( s.th.); to approach ( s.th.) pillar, pilaster; stem (of a glass); -- (pl.
with a definite aim in mind; to single out ( )column (of a newspaper); O
s.o.), aim ( at); to be baptized, be element, cell (el.) ( auk)
christened ( ihna) he was the vertebral column, the spine;
not out to insult her, he had no intention of ( faqr) do.; O
offending her VIII = V; to lean ( (kahrab) electrode
against), support ones weight ( on); to
rely, depend ( or on s.o., on s.th.); to
 md pl. awmd2 = prosperous; to inhabit ( s.th.), live, dwell
amd O steering column, ( in s.th.); to fill, pervade ( s.o.s
steering mechanism (of an automobile) heart), reign ( in s.o.s heart); to
build, erect, construct, raise, rebuild,
amd columnar, pillar-shaped;
reconstruct, restore ( s.th.) II to let (
vertical, perpendicular, upright
s.o.) live, preserve ( s.o.) alive; to prolong
helicopter
s.o.s ( )life, grant long life ( to s.o.; of
yann l-mamadn John God); to populate, people ( s.th.); to
the Baptist build, erect, construct, raise, rebuild,
tamd baptism reconstruct, restore, repair, overhaul,
refurbish, recondition ( a building); to
taammud intention, intent, design; provide, furnish, supply, fill ( s.th.
resolution, determination, purpose; with, e.g., the lamp with oil, the censer
taammudan and intentionally, with charcoal, the goblet with wine); to
deliberately, willfully, on purpose, load ( a gun); to fill ( a pipe); to fill in (
premeditatedly a form, a blank; tun.)
taammud intentional, deliberate, (waqtah) to take up, or claim, s.o.s time
premeditated, willful IV to populate, people ( s.th.); to
perform the umra (q.v.) VIII to visit (
itimd reliance, dependence ( s.o., s.th.); to perform the umra (q.v.) X
on), confidence, trust ( in); to settle ( s.o. in); to settle, colonize (
confirmation; sanction, approbation, s.th.); to turn ( a country) into a colony
authorization; accreditation (of
diplomats); (pl. -t) credit, loan umr (amr in oaths) pl.
( nafs) self-confidence, self- amr life, duration of life, life span,
reliance; kutub al-it. or lifetime; age (of a person)
aurq al-it. credentials (of la-amr upon my life! la-amru
diplomats); ( if) llhi by the everlasting existence of God!
supplementary loan 642 by the Eternal God! dt
al-umrain amphibian (n.);
mamdya baptism; baptismal (irna sanatan) he is twenty years old
font
amra headgear (e.g., turban);
muammad baptizee, one receiving (eg.) repair, repair work
baptism
amra pilgrimage to Mecca (the
mutaammid deliberate, so-called minor hadj which, unlike the
premeditated, willful; intentional hadj proper, need not be performed at a
mutamad reliable, dependable; particular time of the year and whose
object of reliance, support; sanctioned, performance involves fewer ceremonies)
approved, authorized; accredited; umr donation for life (Isl. Law)
commissioner, authorized agent, proxy,
envoy, representative; commissary, amra (naval) fleet
commissar ( sm) the High imra pl. -t, amir2
Commissioner; ( qunul) building, edifice, structure; real estate,
consular agent (dipl.) tract lot; or fann al-i. or
mutamadya legation (dipl.) handasat al-i. architecture, art
of building
amara u i (amr, umr) to live
long, be longevous; -- u i, amura u ( umrn inhabitedness, activity,
amra) to thrive, prosper, flourish, bustling life, thriving, flourishing,
flower, bloom; to be or become inhabited, prosperity (as opposed to karb);
peopled, populated, civilized, cultivated; populousness and prosperity (of a
to be full, filled, filled up; -- mara u to country); culture, civilization; building,
fill with life, cause to thrive, make edifice, structure
 umrn cultural, civilizational; muammar pl. -n senior (in
serving, or pertaining to, cultural sports)
development
mustamir colonial,
ammrya camel-borne sedan imperialistic; settler, colonist; foreign
and the virgin riding in it into battle conqueror, invader; imperialist
a'mGrl more inhabited, more mustamara pl. -t colony,
populated, more populous; more settlement O ( mustaqilla)
cultivated, more civilized; more dominion
flourishing, more thriving ama2 affected with an eye disease,
mimr builder, architect; mason blear-eyed
643 um (eg.) mucous discharge of the
mimr architectonic, eye, rheum
architectural; - (pl. .IIP) builder, architect; amuqa u (umq, amqa) to be or
mason ( muhandis) builder, become deep, profound II to deepen, make
architect; ( fann) art of deep or deeper ( s.th.) IV = II V to
building, architecture penetrate deeply, go deeply ( or into
tamr building, construction, s.th.), become absorbed ( or in)
election; restoration, repair, overhauling, amq, umq pl. amq depth,
refurbishing, reconditioning; filling, profoundness, profundity; bottom
filling-up ( a. qalbih) from the bottom of
tamra filling, fiIling-up his heart, from the depth of his soul;
( a. in-nafs) do.
istimr colonizing,
colonization, foundation of colonies; amq deep (also of feelings),
imperialistic exploitation; imperialism, profound
colonialism amila a (amal) to do, act, operate, be
istimr colonial; colonizer; active, work (also: in a field); to make,
imperialistic produce, manufacture, fabricate, perform,
carry out, execute ( s.th.); to act (
istimrya imperialism,
according to, in accordance with, on the
colonialism
strength of, on the basis of); to operate,
mir inhabited; peopled, put into operation, set going ( s.th.); to
populated, populous; full, filled, filled up; plan, contrive, seek to accomplish,
jammed, crowded, filled to capacity ( practice, pursue ( s.th.), aim, work
with); amply provided, splendidly away ( or at), be out, strive ( or
furnished; civilized; cultivated (land); for), apply o.s. ( to), take pains,
flourishing, thriving, prosperous; is a endeavor, exert o.s. ( to do s.th.), be
frequent epithet of castles, palaces, etc., of active ( in the service of s.th.); to
ruling houses ( amal) full of process, work, treat ( s.th.); to act (
hope; a. al-jaib with a full upon s.th.), affect ( s.th.); (gram.) to
pocket; ( . ad-dimma) obliged govern ( a syntactical member)
to s.o., committed to s.o.; ( . (yumalu) it is valid, is effective, is in
an-nafs) obsessed by, possessed by; force (e.g., an ordinance); to
umm mir hyena (zool.); make arrangements or preparations;
voluptuous bosoms ( amlah) to behave, or act, like
mamr inhabited, populated, s.o.; ( yumalu,
populous; or the (inhabited) yuawawalu) null and void II to appoint as
world ) )all vicegerent or governor ( s.o. over,
over the world, throughout the world of); to fester, suppurate, be purulent
(wound) 644 III to apply ( toward s.o.
muammir pl. -n colonist s.th.); to treat ( s.o. in a manner),
proceed, deal ( with s.o. in a manner); to amal work-, working- (in
trade, do business ( with s.o.) compounds); serving practical purposes,
bi-l-mitl) to repay s.o. like for like, treat practical; applied; amalyan
s.o. in like manner IV to make ( s.th.) practically, in practice
work, put to work, operate, put into practical life, workaday life, professional
operation, bring to bear, employ, woe ( life; ( madhab) pragmatism;
s.th.); or to putter, or tinker, practical policy, Realpolitik
with s.th. about s.th. else, work with s.th. amalya pl. -t work, job; action,
on s.th. else ( fikra) to busy the activity; making, manufacture, fabrication,
mind, think, reflect, ponder, muse; production; procedure, method, technique;
( saifa) he caused a massacre operation (as an action done as part of
among them, had them massacred V to go practical work; med.; mil.); process
to a lot of trouble, take great pains, spend ( qaiarya) Caesarean section
much effort VI to trade, do business (with
one another); to trade, do business ( amla evil deed in the very
with) VIII to work, be active, operate X to act, red-handedly, flagrante delicto
apply ( s.th.), use, employ ( s.o., umla wages, pay; currency;
s.th.); to put into operation, operate, run ( current money, currency in circulation;
s.th.); to place s.o. ( )at the head of s.th. money counterfeit money;
(), install, instate ( s.o. over) ( sahla) soft currency;
( wasil l-qaswa) he (aba) hard currency; muzayyif
brought severe measures to bear upon him al-u. counterfeiter; currency
amal doing, acting, action, smuggling
activity; work, labor; course of action, aml pl. umal2 (business)
way of acting, practice; achievement, representative; agent (also pol.);
accomplishment; activity ( for), work ( commission merchant (com.); customer,
in the service of s.th.); making, patron; patient; client
production, manufacture, fabrication;
performance, execution; make, amla woman customer, woman
workmanship; practical work, practice; -- client
(pl. aml) act, action; operation O umaila pl. -t erg (unit of
(mil.); work, job, chore, labor; deed, feat, energy or work; phys.)
achievement, exploit; occupation,
business; trade, craft, handicraft; amla pl. -t wages, pay;
vicegerency, province, district; brokerage, commission; department,
administrative district (e.g., Eg., Tun.); district, province; (Alg.) prefecture,
validity, effectiveness of s.th. (e.g., administrative district 645
of an ordinance, and the like) amla brokerage, commission
( ijr al-a.) enforcement,
umml labor, workers (in
implementation of s.th.; whats to
compounds) labor organ,
be done now! whats there to be done?
labor (news)paper
what can you do? ( amalan) in
execution of, in pursuance of, according mamal pl. mamil2 factory,
to, pursuant to, is stipulated by; mill; workshop, plant, works,
(arbya) belligerent, or warlike, acts, establishment; institute; laboratory; pl.
military operations; ( arbaa) industrial plant mamal
the first four rules of arithmetic; al-bat research institute;
( manzilya) household chores, refinery; m. al-laban dairy
household work; ( yadawya) mumala pl. -t treatment;
handiwork(s), manual work; procedure; social intercourse, social life,
employer association (with one another); behavior,
conduct (toward others); business;
transaction; (esp. in pl.) mutual relations,

business relations; pl. handling (of
freight, luggage, etc.) ( mitl) 2
reciprocity (in international trade);
m. id-duwali l- umn Omani, Oman (adj.)
akaari riyatan most-favored nation
clause (dipl.)
taammul affectedness, affectation,
finicality, mannerism
tamul commercial intercourse,
trade relations, trade, dealings,
transactions; business transactions (stock
exchange); (pl. -t) O reaction (chem..)
istiml application, use,
employment; utilization, exploitation;
operation, handling (e.g., of a machine)
sahl al-ist. easy to handle; blind, render blind ( s.o.); to blindfold (
s al-ist. abuse, misuse; s.o.); to make ( s.o.) blind ( to a fact) V
in general use, commonly used,
generally accepted; asa eyesight VI to shut ones eyes ( on
stimlah to abuse, misuse, misemploy
s.th.
mil active; effective; -- (pl.
awmil2) factor, constituent, element,
(causative) agent, motive power; word
governing another in syntactical regimen,
regent (gram.); -- (pl. umml) maker,
producer, manufacturer; doer, perpetrator,
author; worker, workman, workingman,
laborer; wage earner, employee; governor,
vicegerent, lieutenant; administrative
officer at the head of a amal (Tun.);
(Alg.) district president, prefect (of a
amala) ( jail) the regular, or
active, army; ( a. il-gadab)
in wrathful agitation, infuriated;
izb al-u. labor party (specif., the Brit.
Labour Party); ( uw) active 1
member
maml bih in force, effective,
valid; in use, applied
al-maml the coffee
implements (Bedouin)
mumil O coefficient (math.)
mustamil user
mustamal employed, used also
= not new, secondhand); in use applied
imlq pl. amliqa Amalekite;
gigantic, giant, huge; a giant
huge ocean liners
1
ammn = an man
umn Oman, sultanate in SE Arabia
3
ammn2 Amman (the ancient
Philadelphia, capital city of the Hashemite
Kingdom of Jordan)
amiha a (amah) to wander about, stray,
rove; to stray ( from)
amiya a (aman) to be or become blind,
lose ones eyesight; to be blind ( to
s.th.); to be obscure ( to s.o.) II to
blind, render blind ( s.o.); to blindfold (
s.o.); to obscure, render cryptic, enigmatic
or mysterious, mystify ( s.th.) IV to
to be or become 646 blind, lose ones
s.th.), pretend not to see ( s.th.); to be
blind ( to)
aman blindness
amya ignorance, folly
am heavy clouds
amya ignorance, folly
am, f. amy2, pl.
umy or umyn blind
mamh pl. mamin roadless
desert, roadless area
tamin blindness, (state of)
delusion
muamman pl.
muammayt riddle, puzzle
an (prep.) off, away from; from
(designating the source); out of (a
feeling); about, on (a topic); according to,
as attested or declared by, from what ...
says, on the authority of; on the basis of,
on the strength of; for, in defense of; as a
substitute for; (as to syntactical regimen
see under respective verb)
(yamnih) to (or at) his or its right, at (or
on) his or its right side, to the right of him
or it; ( alfi
qadamin, saI l-bar) 1000 feet above
see level; ( arqi) by way of, via;
by means of, through; ilaika ann
away from me! ( amrih) by s.o.s
 2
order(s). at s.o.s instigation, on s.o.s anbar pl. anbir2 storehouse,
initiative; consciously, fully magazine, depot, warehouse; factory hall;
aware of the situation; ( usni hold (of a ship); ward. section (of a
nya) in good faith, bona fide; hospital); quarters (of a ships crew);
(aqq) justly, rightly, by rights; barrack(s) 647
(kauf) for fear; ( ilm) on anita a (anat) to fall on evil days, come
the basis of sound knowledge, in full
to grief, meet with hardship, be in distress,
cognizance of the situation; suffer adversity; to commit a sin, specif.,
gladly, happily, joyfully;
commit fornication II to force s.o. ( )to
(qanatin wijdnya) out of absolute perform a difficult task IV to distress,
inner conviction; or afflict, harass ( s.o.), bring hardship (
or ( amm) shortly, presently,
upon s.o.); to treat s.o. ( )harshly, deal
after a (little) while, soon; with s.o. ( )roughly V to cause vexation,
through the good offices of ...;
annoyance or distress ( to s.o.), bring
(yauman) day after day, from day to day; trouble ( upon s.o.), harass, pre molest (
( qutil) they were killed to s.o.); to seek to confuse s.o. ( )with
the last man; ( tamnna
questions; to pick a quarrel, be out for a
sanataan) he died at the age of eighty;
fight ( with s.o.); to stickle, be
( tarika) he died leaving a
pigheaded, insist stubbornly
large fortune
2 anal distress, affliction, hardship,
anna i u (ann, anan) to present misery, adversity; pains, trouble,
itself, offer itself ( to s.o.); to take shape, inconvenience; constraint, coercion
to form, arise, spring up ( in s.o.s mind),
suggest itself ( to s.o.; of an opinion); to int torment, harassment,
appear ( to, before) it occurred molestation, chicanery, constraint,
to him that ... coercion
unna impotence (of the male) taannut obstinacy, obduracy,
pigheadedness, stubborn zeal, stickling
ann (coll.; n. un. )clouds
mutaannit obstinate, obdurate,
inn pl. ainna rein(s); bridle pigheaded, stubborn
( alaqa, inn) to give free
rein to s.o. or s.th., give vent to s.th.; antara to display heroism
( jarat, ainnatih) things antar Antar (the hero of a well-
took a normal course, developed as known romance of chivalry)
scheduled
antar pl. -ya popular reciter of
ann impotent (male) the Antar romance
inab (coll.; n. un. )pl. anb antar pl. antira
grape(s) i. ad-dib black brassiere; bodice, corsage
nightshade (Solanum nigrum; bot.)
antarya Antar, the romance of
unnb (coll.; n. un. )jujube Antar, cycle of stories relating the deeds
(Zizyphus vulgaris Lam.; bot.); (its fruit) of Antar
jujube
unjuhya haughtiness, self-importance,
anbar ambergris; (pl. pride
anbir2) sperm whale, cachalot (zool.)
anada u i ( und), anida a (anad)
anbar perfumed with and anuda u to swerve, deviate, diverge,
ambergris; liqueur (also ;) a depart ( from); to resist stubbornly; to
variety of pigeon be headstrong, obstinate, stubborn III to
anbarat a-it the severity resist or oppose ( s.o., doggedly), offer
of winter (stubborn) resistance ( to s.o.) X to cling
stubbornly ( to s.th.)
 inda (prep.) at, near, by, with, on
(of place, time and possession); upon; in
the opinion of, in the view of; min
indi from; from the home of; away from;
in his turn, for his part; dyeing); red dyestuff
he added s.th. of his own;
then, at that moment, with these words;
( ind) against me; ( bait) anz pl. anuz, unz, inz
near the house, at the house; to
be exact , strictly speaking ;
( . i-ams) at sunrise;
(ind dnr) I have only one dinar (with
me); then, thereupon, at that
moment; ( m. ul-ar, nis pl. awnis spinster, old maid
turb) the kings of this world are mere
dust in comparison with God; in my
opinion, as I think; what do you
think? what is your opinion?
(yakun, rayihim) he was not what they
had expected; ( usni
annih) to meet, or be up to, s.o.s high
expectation; ( usni - ( tabgu) or
anni) to have a good opinion of s.o.;
( nuih) to follow s.o.s advice
indam as soon as, whenever;
when, as
min indytih sprung from
his own mind, his own brain child; of
ones own accord, on ones own initiative
indaidin then, at that time; at that
moment, thereupon, then; with that,
thereby
and pl. unud resisting
stubbornly ( s.o., s.th.); stubborn,
obstinate, obdurate, pigheaded,
headstrong, opinionated, willful,
pertinacious
ind resistance, opposition;
stubbornness, obstinacy, obduracy,
pigheadedness, headstrongness,
opinionatedness, willfulness, pertinacity
648
munada resistance, opposition;
stubbornness, obstinacy, obduracy,
pigheadedness, headstrongness,
opinionatedness, willfulness, pertinacity
munid resisting stubbornly (
s.o., s.th.); stubborn, obstinate, obdurate,
pigheaded, headstrong, opinionated,
willful, pertinacious
andala song of the nightingale
andalb pl. andil2 nightingale
andam brazilwood, sapanwood (used for
andam deep-red
goat
anza (n. un.) pl. -t goat
anaza a short spear, iron-tipped at
its lower end
unur pl. anir2 origin; race,
stock, breed; ethnic element; element
(chem., pol.); component, constituent,
ingredient; pl. also: nationalities
unur race, racial; ethnic;
elemental, of or pertaining to the elements
race hatred
(masala) the nationality problem, the
problem of ethnic minorities
unurya race, nationality; racial
theory
al-anara Whitsuntide;
Whitsunday, Pentecost (Chr.)
d al-a. Whitsuntide, Pentecost (Chr.);
Shabuoth, Feast of Weeks, Pentecost
(Jud.)
unul pl. anil2 squill,
sea onion
anant (pl.) traditions
muanan transmitted, handed
down
II to treat severely, harshly, with rigor (
or or s.o.), deal with s.o. ( or or
)roughly; to reprimand, rebuke, censure
sharply, berate, chide, scold ( or s.o.)
IV to treat severely, harshly, with rigor (
s.o.), deal with s.o. ( )roughly
unf, anf sternness, severity, rigor;
harshness; bluntness, gruffness;
ruggedness, roughness; violence,
vehemence; fierceness, bitterness,
embitterment, toughness; use of force
anf stern, severe, drastic,
rigorous; harsh, hard; ungentle, rough,
 rude; blunt, gruff; rugged, rough; violent, anwa force, compulsion;
vehement; fierce, embittered, tough; forcibleness, violence; anwatan forcibly,
strenuous, exacting, difficult (e.g., by force
reading) see
unfuwn vigor, prime, bloom nin humble, subservient,
( u. abbih) in the prime of submissive, servile, obedient; captive;
his youth miserable, distressed, in trouble
anaf2 sterner, severer, harsher, anwana to furnish with an
harder, fiercer address or title, entitle, address ( s.th.)
tanf stern censure, reprimand, unwn pl. anwn2
rebuke address; title, heading; model, epitome;
II to grab by the neck, to collar ( s.o.) III sign, token or in token of
to embrace, hug ( s.o.); to associate s.th., as a sign of s.th.
closely ( with), attach o.s. closely ( to) muanwan addressed ( to),
VI to embrace each other VIII to embrace, inscribed; entitled ( as)
hug ( s.o.); to adopt, embrace ( s.th.,
esp. a religion or doctrine), be converted ( an i ( inya) to be on s.o.s ( )mind;
to s.th.), take up ( s.th.); to combine ( to disquiet, discomfort, worry, preoccupy
with s.th.; chem.); to embrace each other ( s.o.); to concern, affect, regard, interest
( s.o.); -- aniya a ( an) to be
unuq, unq pl. anq neck, worried, concerned, anxious; to toil, labor,
nape drudge; -- an i (any) to have in mind (
anq pl. anuq, unq s.th.), mean ( s.o., s.th. by);
she-kid, young she-goat a. yan or an that is, i.e.; -- pass.
al-ar caracal, desert lynx (Lynx caracal; uniya ( inya) to worry, be
zool.) 649 concerned ( about), take an interest (
in); to take care ( of), see ( to) II to
anq2 a legendary bird, griffon
torment, agonize, distress, harass, ( s.o.)
inq embrace, hug, accolade III to be preoccupied ( with s.th.); to take
munaqa embrace, hug, accolade pains ( with s.th., in doing s.th.), spend
effort ( on s.th.); to see to it, make
itinq embracement (of a efforts, bear in mind, make sure ( that);
religion or doctrine), adoption, acceptance to undergo, incur, endure, suffer, sustain,
(of a doctrine) bear ( s.th.); to suffer ( from), be
unqd pl. anqd2 cluster, bunch; afflicted ( with) V to toil, labor. drudge
bunch of grapes VIII to be solicitous ( about, for, of), go
to trouble ( for), be concerned, anxious (
inq peddler, hawker about), feel concern ( for); to take care
ankabt pl. ankib2 spider ( of), care. provide ( for), look (
)( bait al-a. cobweb, spider after), see ( to), tend ( s.th.), put ones
web mind, devote ones attention ( to); to
attend ( to), nurse ( s.o., s.th., e.g., a
) )an u (unw) to be humble,
patient)
submissive, subservient, servile ( toward,
before), be obedient, yield, submit ( to an pains, trouble, toil, hardship,
s.o.), obey ( s.o.); -- u ( anwa) to difficulty, distress
take by force ( s.th.); -- u to be on s.o.s ( inya concern; care, solicitude,
)mind, disquiet, discomfort, worry, providence ( for); care(fulness),
preoccupy ( s.o.); to concern, affect, painstaking, meticulousness ( in); heed,
regard, interest ( s.o.) notice, regard, attention ( to); interest (
in) ( ilhya) divine
 providence; ( ibbya) medical s.o.), be acquainted, familiar (
care with); to observe closely, heed ( s.th.),
adhere ( to s.th.); to attend ( to), look
manan pl. manin sense,
after s.th. ( ;)to delegate, entrust, assign,
meaning, signification, import; concept,
commit ( to s.o., s.th.), vest ( in
notion, idea, thought; thematic purport
s.o. s.th.), communion, charge, authorize,
(e.g., of a work of art, as distinguiohed
from its form); a rhetorical, figurative, or empower. entrust ( s.o. with, or s.o.
with the task of ...); to impose, enjoin (
allegorical expression; the good
qualities (of a person) ism on s.o s.th., or on s.o. the obligation
to ...), obligate, commit ( s.o. to do
man abstract noun (gram.);
s.th.) ( ahadu) to my
ilm al-m. rhetoric; significant,
meaningful, telling, tell-tale; knowledge, as far as I know;
(wadah) to fulfill, or keep, ones
bi-kull m. l-kalima in the full sense of the
promise III to make a contract, compact,
word; ( man) meaningless,
without meaning; and the like; or covenant ( with s.o. concerning);
to promise ( to s.o. s.th. also s.th.);
( naart kulluh) telling
glances, glances full of meaning to engage, undertake, bind o.s. pledge o.s.
commit o.s. obligate o.s. ( to s.o. to
manaw relating to the sense or do s.th.) V to advocate, support (s.th.),
import (of a word or expression; as stand up ( for s.th.); to observe, heed,
opposed to laf); semantic, keep in mind ( s.th.), pay attention, see,
significative, of or pertaining to meaning; attend ( to s.th.), take care ( of s.th.); to
ideal, ideational, ideative; abstract; care ( for s.th.), maintain, keep up,
mental; spiritual (as opposed to material) service ( s.h.); to be liable for the
( ak) artificial, maintenance or upkeep ( of s.th.); to
conventional, or juristic, person, a body assume. take upon o.s. ( s.th.); to
corporate as a subject of rights and duties engage, undertake, bind o.s. pledge o.s.,
manawyt ideal, immaterial commit o.s. obligate o.s. ( to s.o. to do
thing.; morale, spirit (of an army) s.th., also to do s.th.); to promise (
to s.o. s.th.) X to exact a written pledge
munh effort(s) or commitment ( from s.o.); to have s.o.
taannin pains, trouble, toil, ( )sign a contract
drudgery ahd knowledge; acquaintance,
itin providing, solicitude, contact ( with); the well-known, familiar
concern ( for), attendance ( to), nature (of s.o.); close observance, strict
maintenance, nursing, cultivation ( of), adherence (to), keeping, fulfillment (of a
care ( of, for), carefulness, painstaking ( promise); delegation, assignment,
in); attention ( to), interest ( in) committing ( of s.th. to s.o.), vesting
( in s.o. of s.th.), commissioning,
nin miserable, distressed, in charging, entrusting ( of s.o. with
trouble s.th.); commission; -- (pl. uhd)
many concerned, affected; commitment, obligation, liability;
interested ( in) responsibility; pledge, vow; promise;
oath; contract, compact, covenant, pact,
muannan (syr.) unmetrical poem
treaty, agreement; time, epoch, era
with end rhyme
bud al-a. the fact that s.th. is long
mutanin concerned, solicitous, pact, that s.th. belong, to the remote past;
careful, heedful, mindful, thoughtful, recent, late, new, young;
attentive do.; or ( .
ahida a (ahd) to know ( s.o., s.th.; ahdin) having adopted or acquired 651
s.th., e.g., a quality, a trait, of (s.th.) recently; not long accustomed to
(s.th.), inexperienced at (s.th.), new at
(s.th.), newly, e.g.,
(bi-ursin) newly wed, with memories; ( il)
newborn; he had not reformatory
known Europe until recently; of muhada pl. -t agreement,
an early date, long past, long-standing; arrangement, accord.; alliance, treaty, pact
of long experience in, long ) )m. as-salm (a-ul)
acquainted with; ( q. ahdin), peace treaty; m. adam al-
= itid nonaggression pact
( fim) just weaned. newly
weaned; ...-I,} <J- for a abort time taahhud advocacy, support; care;
(past), of late; recent, late; recently, lately, charge, custody, guardianship, tutelage
the other day; a long time ago; (with foll. genit.: over); care,
( ahda) not to know s.th.; not maintenance, servicing, upkeep;
having experienced s.th., being assumption, undertaking ( of s.th.); (pl.
unacquainted with ...; -t) promise, pledge, commitment,
(ahdun, masala) our long-standing engagement, obligation, liability,
knowledge of this question; to contractual duty
exact a promise from s.o., pledge s.o.; mahd well-known; the
to conclude a treaty, make a contract; said ..., the in question
to make a promise; to
assume an obligation, commit o.s. obligate mutaahhid pl. -n contractor,
o.s. pledge o.s.; to vow, make a vow ( to entrepreneur; concessionaire
do s.th.); a. al-amn (formerly:) (fann) impresario
an order bestowed by the Bey of Tunis; mutahid: the two
( muraa) a higher class contracting parties
of the afore-mentioned order;
the New Testament; the Old ahara a (ahr, ihr) and ahira a (ahar)
Testament; waly al-a. heir- to commit adultery, whore ( with a
apparent, crown prince; at or in woman) III = I ( with a woman)
his time; during s.o.s lifetime; ihr adultery, fornication,
in s.o.s epoch; his familiar nature or whoredom; prostitution
manner, his nature as it had always been
ahr adulterer, whoremonger,
known; ( alla) he remained as he
fornicator
had always been, as everybody used to
know him; the nature or manner that ahra adultery, fornication,
they know (knew) of him (or of it), that whoredom; prostitution 652
they are hir committing adultery,
(were) used to; such as they fornicating, whoring; (pl. uhhr)
used to know him; yon adulterer, fornicator, whoremonger; -- (pl.
are still the same! to be awahir2) adulteress; whore, harlot,
unchanged, be as always; prostitute
(ahdu) to last, or have lasted, a long time hira pl. -t, awhir2
uhda contractual obligation (Isl. adulteress; whore, harlot, prostitute
Law); responsibility; charge, custody, hil pl. awhil2 sovereign, prince,
guardianship; guaranty in his ruler, monarch
care, custody, or charge, entrusted to him;
( uhdatuh) he is responsible for it ihn (colored) wool
ahd ally, confederate awhin2 (pl. of hin)
limbs, extremities (of the body); palm
mahad pl. mahid2 place, branches ( )( alq,
locality (which one had known before or kalma) to talk without restraint, ramble
which one revisits); public institute or
institution; (scientific) institute; seminar awija a (awaj) to be crooked,
m. ad-dikrayt places fraught curved, twisted, tortuous, bent, bowed,
 stooping; to bend, twist, curve; -- ja normal; ras amrih) to
u to turn off the road (while traveling); to start s.th. all over again;
stop (over). put up ( at, in) II to bend, (adrjah) to retrace ones steps; to turn
crook, curve, twist ( s.th.) V and IX = I back, go back; ( aqbaihi), pl.
iwaj, awaj crookedness, ( aqbihim) do.;
twistedness, curvature, bend(ing), lam aud astatu abran I
tortuosity; unevenness; deviation (from could not stand it any longer;
that which is right) ( yaud, qatun) he no longer had any
power over it; there is no
j ivory longer any possibility for it; he
j ivory (adj.) continued (after a pause in his speech) II
to accustom, habituate, condition, inure,
awaj2, f. auj2, pl. ( season ( or s.o. to s.th.), make s.o. (
j crooked, curved, bent, twisted, )get used ( or to s.th.) III to return (
tortuous, sinuous; stooping, bowed; wry; to s.o., to s.th.); to revert, come back,
odd, queer turn again, apply o.s. anew ( to s.th.),
iwijj crookedness, twistedness, take up again, resume ( s.th.); to
curvature, bend(ing), tortuosity; befall again, seize again ( s.o.), come
unevenness; deviation (from that which is again ( over s.o.) IV to cause to return,
right); crooked ways bring back, take back ( s.o., s.th. to);
to return, give back, send back (
muawwaja pl. -t retort (chem.) s.o., s.th. to s.o.); to put back, lay back (
muwajj crooked, curved, bent, s.th., il maallih in its place); to
twisted, tortuous, sinuous; stooping, repeat ( s.th., i.e., words, to s.o.); to
bowed; wry; odd, queer reiterate, repeat, do again or anew, renew,
resume ( s.th.); to re-establish, restore,
) )da u (aud, auda, mad)
repair ( s.th.); to restore ( s.th. to),
to return, come back ( or to); to flow
make s.th. ( )once more ( s.th.); to
back; to go back. be traceable, be
reinstate, reinstall ( s.o.)
attributable ( to); to revert, redound,
(bina masjidin) to rebuild a mosque;
accrue ( to); to refer, relate ( to); to
( dikrayt) to revive, or reawaken,
be due. go back ( to); to fall to s.o.s (
memories; ( aba l-k.) to
)lot or share, fall in s.o.s ((
reprint a book; ( yudu,
bailiwick; to belong, (ap)pertain, be
yabdauh) he keeps talking of it, he
proper ( or to); to give up, abandon,
continue, to bring up the subject;
relinquish ( s.th.), withdraw, resign (
( naara) to re-examine, reinvestigate,
from); to return with = to lead back,
reconsider, check, verify, revise s.th., go
bring back, take back, return, reduce,
over s.th. or into s.th. again;
revert s.o. or s.th. ( to); to
( daw) to retry the case (jur.) V to
bring about, entail s.th. for s.o s. result in
get used, be accustomed, habituate o.s. (
s.th. for s.o., yield, bring in, return s.th. to
or to s.th.), make a habit ( or
s.o.; (with predicate adjective or noun in
of s.th.), be used to doing, be wont to do (
acc.) to become, grow (into), turn into;
or s.th.) VIII = V; X to recall, call
(with foil. imparf. or )to resume, renew
back ( s.o., s.th.); to reclaim, demand
(an activity); (with neg. and foil. imparf.)
back ( s.th. from); to regain, recover,
to do s.th. no more or no longer; with foil.
recuperate, reconquer, fetch back, get
finite verb) to do s.th. again or anew; -- u (
back, retrieve ( s.th.); to recall, recollect,
iyda) to visit ( a patient), have
call back to ones mind ( s.th.); to ask
under treatment ( s.o.; of a physician)
s.o. ( )to repeat ( s.th.)
to regain consciousness, come
to; to take counsel with o.s., hold self- d pl. awd, dn
communion, examine o.s. introspectively, wood; stick, rod, pole; branch, twig,
search ones soul; switch; stem, stalk; cane, reed; aloes
(majrh) the situation returned to (wood); lute (musical instrument); body,
build, physique; strength, force, intensity; simple, plain, ordinary (man); old,
pl. full intensity (e.g., of a disease) ancient, antique; dyt antiques,
matchstick, match; antiquities
peony (Paeonia; bot.); d al-
iyd repetition, reiteration,
kibrt matchstick, match; recurrence
rakwat al-d weakness of character;
ulb al-d of robust physique; iyda visit (with a patient),
strongly built, husky, sturdy; stubborn, doctors call (on a patient); -- (pl. -t)
resistant, unbending, unyielding, clinic; office (of a physician), consultation
relentless; albat al-d room (of a physician)
sternness, severity, hardness, obstinacy, (krijya) policlinic; outpatient clinic
stubbornness, inflexibility, relentlessness; awda pl. -t woman lutist
ladn al-d lissome, lithe, of
elastic physique; ( taqqafa) to mad return; place to which one
train, educate s.o.; ( dah) to returns; (place of) destination; the
test s.o., put s.o. to the test; hereafter, the life to come
(dah) to break s.o.s power of (mabda) the crux, (of a matter), the all-
resistance, crush s.o.s spirit important factor (of s.th.)
aud return; reversion; recurrence; tawd accustoming, habituation,
recidivism (jur.); repetition, reiteration conditioning, inurement ( to)
fa'alah audan wa badan or ida giving back, handing back,
( audah) or sending back, return(ing); reinstatement,
he did or started it all over again reinstallment; repetition, reiteration;
auda return by return resumption; re-establishment, restoration,
mail; never to return again, repair reconstruction;
gone forever; good riddance! farewell rehabilitation; i. at-
forever! tasallu rearmament;
restoration of the status quo ante;
da pl. -t, awid2 habit, re-formation; ( i.
wont, custom, usage, practice; datan an-naar) re-examination, reinvestigation,
usually, customarily, ordinarily, reconsideration, revision of s.th.;
habitually; pl. taxes, duties; charges, ( dawa) retrial of a case (jur.);
fees, rates extraordinary, reorganization
unusual, uncommon; special,
extraordinary, emergency (e.g., meeting); taawwud contraction of a habit,
according to his habit, as was his habituation
wont, as he used to do; ka- itiyd oontraotion of a habit,
sbiqi l-. as was formerly customary, as habituation
usual; ( jarat il-datu) to be
customary, usual, common or current, itiyd ordinary, common;
prevail, be a common phenomenon, be the usual, customary, habitual; normal,
vogue, have become common practice; regular; plain, simple, ordinary (man)
that was their habit, thats istida reconquest, recovery,
what they used to do; ( sirrya) recuperation, regaining, reclamation,
onanism, masturbation; a. al- retrieval
gumruk customs duties; a.
id returning, reverting,
mabnin house taxes; taxes on
recurrent; accruing (profit, merit);
real state
belonging, (ap)pertaining, proper ( or
d customary, usual, common, to s.o., to s.th.); (pl. -n) returning
ordinary, normal, regular; emigrant, re-emigrant; (pl. uwwd)
undistinguished, run-of-the-mill; ordinary, visitor (to a sick person); pl.
regular (e.g., 654 meeting, as opposed to revenues net profit, net gain
extraordinary, special, emergency);
 ida pl. awd2 benefit, God forbid! God save (protect) me (us)
profit, advantage, gain ( for s.o.) from that!
idya a belonging (to), a being tawd pl. tawd2 amulet,
part (of), membership talisman; charm, spell, incantation
muawwad used, accustomed, awira a (awar) to lose an eye, be or
habituated, conditioned, inured, seasoned become one-eyed II to deprive of one eye,
( to); wont ( to do s.th.), being in make blind in one, eye ( s.o.); to damage,
the habit ( of doing s.th.) mar, spoil ( s.th.); to gauge ( measures,
mud pl. -n repetitor, tutor, weights), test the accuracy ( of
measures, of weights) IV to lend, loan (
coach; assistant conducting drill sessions
to s.o. s.th.) VI to alternate, take turns (
(university)
in s.th.), do by turns, take alternately (
mad: ( tadruh) s.th.): to seize, grip, befall, overcome,
forwarded (mail) (alternately, successively) ( s.o., s.th.)
mutaawwid used, accustomed, VIII itawara to befall, affect
habituated, conditioned, inured, seasoned (alternately, successively) ( s.o.), come
( to); wont ( to do s.th.), being in (alternately, successively) ( over s.o.); to
the habit ( of doing s.th.) shape, mold, form ( s.th., said of
heterogeneous influences or factors); to
mutd used, accustomed, stand in the way of (), hinder ( s.th.) X
habituated, conditioned, inured, seasoned, to borrow ( s.th. from)
( to); wont ( to do s.th.), being in
the habit ( of doing s.th.); usual, aura defectiveness, faultiness,
customary, normal as usual; deficiency, imperfection; -- (pl. -t)
habitual criminal pudendum, genitals; weakness, weak spot
) )da u (aud, iyd, mad) to awr, iwr fault, blemish, defect,
seek the protection ( of s.o. from or flaw, imperfection
against), take refuge ( with s.o. from) uwwr a variety of swallow
adu bi-llh God forbid! God
ra (eg.) false, artificial (teeth,
save me from that! II to protect ( s.o.
hair)
from or against, by placing him under the
wing of s.o. else); to pronounce a charm awar2, f. aur2, pl. r
or incantation ( over s.o.); to fortify ( one-eyed ( may) caecum,
s.o.) with a charm, incantation or amulet blind gut
IV = II; to place s.o. ( )under Gods ira lending
protection, pray to God that he guard s.o. (
)against s.th. 655 V = I; X = I; to protect ir: ( maktaba)
o.s., make o.s. proof ( by means of) lending library, circulating library
aud (act of) taking refuge tawur alternation, variation,
fluctuation
awad refuge, place of refuge,
retreat, asylum, sanctuary istira borrowing; metaphor
da pl. uwad amulet, istir metaphorical, figurative
talisman; charm, spell, incantation riya or rya pl. awrin
iyd (act or instance of) taking s.th. borrowed, borrowing; loan
refuge iyda llh or mur lender
(iyda) God forbid! God save (protect)
me (us) from that! mur lent, loaned
mad (act or instance of) taking mustar borrower
refuge; refuge, place of refuge, retreat, mustar borrowed; used
asylum, sanctuary mada llh(i) metaphorically or figuratively; false,
 artificial (e.g., hair) ( ism)
pseudonym; masked faces;
hypocrites
2
rin see
awiza a (awaz) to be or become poor,
needy, destitute; -- za u (auz) to
need, require ( s.th.), be in want or need
( of s.th.) IV awaza to be or
become poor, needy, destitute
( aiu) he lacked the thing, he
needed it, he was in want of it
awaz lack, need, want, necessity,
exigency; poverty, neediness, destitution,
indigence, penury
awiz poor, needy, destitute,
necessitous, indigent
za lack, need, want, necessity,
exigency; poverty, poorness
2
awaz poor, needy, destitute,
indigent, necessitous 656
gbn cashmere, a soft twilled fabric
see
gz pl. -t gas; petroleum, oil (magr.)
( smma) the poison gases peerless, incomparable; (
gz gaseous, gaslike
carbonated water, mineral water
( It. gasosa) gzza soda water
1
gl pl. -t padlock
2
al-gl Gaul (country)
gl Gallic; (pl. -n) a Gaul
gna2, Ghana
1
to attack every other day ( s.o., of
fever)
gibb end, outcome, upshot, issue,
effect, result, consequence; gibba (prep.)
after zarah gibban to visit s.o.
at intervals; umm l-g. tertian
fever
gabab pl. agbb dewlap (of
bovines), wattle
magabba pl. -t end, outcome,
upshot, issue, effect, result, consequence
2
gabba u (= abba u) to gulp down,
pour down, toss down, drink avidly (
s.th.)
gubba swallow, gulp, draught
gabara u ( gubr) to go by,
elapse, pass; to be past, elapsed, bygone II
to soil, or cover, with dust ( s.o., s.th.);
to raise dust ( wajhih) to
surpass, outstrip, outdo s.o., be superior to
s.o. IV = II; V to be dust-covered, be or
become dusty IX to be dust-colored
gabir recrudescent, reopening
(wound)
guhra dust color
gabara dust
gubr dust; (pl. agbira) dust
cloud ( gubra) clear, plain,
distinct; unobjectionable, incontestable;
blameless, irreproachable, faultless,
impeccable (morally); m
aqqa gubrah he never quite attained
his (anothers) eminence, he did not
measure up to him; l yuaqqu
gubruh or ( yuaqqu) he is
unsurpassable, he is unequaled;
unsurpassable, unequaled, unrivaled,
jar)
to follow s.o. loyally
agbar2, f. gabr2, pl.
gubr dust-colored; dust-covered, dusty;
the earth, the ground; the Earth
igbirr grudge, rancor,
resentment ( toward)
gbir pl. gawbir2 bygone,
past, elapsed; the past or
old times, ancient times
gaba pl. agb darkness, dark,
duskiness; the twilight before sunrise, last
shadows of the night
gabi dark (night); opaque, not
transparent
gaba twilight (of dawn)
 agba 2, f. gab, pl. knowledge, be ignorant ( or of s.th.);
gub dark (night); opaque, not transparent to be unknown, unfamiliar ( to s.o.) VI
gaba weakness of the eyes, to be unaware ( of s.th.)
asthenopia gaby pl. agbiy2 unwise,
unjudicious, ignorant, foolish, stupid; dolt,
gabaa i (gab) to envy ( s.o. s.th. or
numbskull, ignoramus
for s.th.); pass. gubia to be happy II to
make ( s.o.) envious; to deem ( s.o.) gab ignorance, foolishness,
fortunate, call ( s.o.) happy VIII to be 664 stupidity
glad, be delighted, rejoice, exult, be gabwa ignorance, foolishness,
jubilant ( at, about), be elated ( by); to stupidity
be happy ( about); to be pleased, be
satisfied ( with) gabwa riddle, puzzle
gaba state of happiness, agb stupider, more foolish, more
happiness, exultation, delight, rapture, simple-minded
bliss, felicity; beatitude; title of the gatta u (gatt) to press, choke, throttle (
Patriarch (Copt.-Chr.) do.; s.o.); to dip, plunge, immerse ( , s.o.,
( maalla g.) to be in an enviable s.th. in) ( aika) to suppress
position ones laughter, bite ones lip
igtib joy, delight, rejoicing, gatta i a ( gatta, gutta) to be or
exultation, triumph, jubilation; happiness, become lean, meager; -- gatta i (gatt,
contentedness, satisfaction, gratification, gatt) to feater, suppurate, discharge pus
pleasure (wound)
magb in an enviable position, gatt lean, thin, scrawny; meager,
happy, lucky, fortunate; blessed, beatified, scanty, poor, wretched
canonized (Chr.)
gatt lean, thin, scrawny; pus,
mugtabi glad, happy, delighted ( matter
at), pleased, satisfied ( with), gratified
( by) gatta leanness, thinness,
1
scrawniness
gabana i (gabn) to cheat, dupe,
gull, defraud, overreach ( s.o. in), gat i to confuse, muddle, jumble, garble (
impose ( upon s.o. in) s.th.); -- gatat nafsuh (gaty,
gatayn) and ( gatiyat) to
gabn, gubn pl. gubn fraud, feel like vomiting, feel sick, be indisposed
deceit, imposture, swindle; defraudation,
cheating, duping; damage, wrong, gaty nausea, qualmishness,
prejudice criminal fraud (Isl. sickness; indisposition
Law) gatayn nausea, qualmishness,
gaban stupidity sickness; indisposition
tagbun mutual cheating gut scum
yaum at-t. the Day of Resurrection ( eg.) to scold, use abusive language,
magbn deceived, defrauded, curse, swear
cheated, gulled, duped; prejudiced, gajar pl. gajar gipsy
wronged, injured or.
(bi-afqati l-m.) to return empty-handed; tagjr scolding, cursing, abusive
to lose the game language 665
2
gabn and gbn cashmere, a see
soft twilled fabric gadad cattle epidemic
( and )gahiya a ( gabwa) not to
comprehend ( or s.th.), have no
 gudda pl. gudad gland
( daraqya) thyroid gland;
(amm) endocrine (or ductless) gland;
( anaubarya) pineal gland;
( nakfya) parotid gland
gudad glandular
gadara i u (gadr) to act
treacherously, perfidiously ( or or
toward s.o.), doublecross, deceive, betray,
delude ( or s.o.) III to leave ( s.o.,
s.th.; place for), depart ( from a
place to)
gadr perfidy, breach of faith,
betrayal, treason, treachery
gadr pl. gudur, gudrn
pond, pool, puddle; stream, brook, creek,
river
gadra pl. gadir2 queue,
pigtail, braid, plait, tress (of hair)
gaddr perfidious, disloyal,
treacherous, traitorous; false, faithless,
deceitful
gaddra pl. -t pistol
( s. a-alq) submachine gun, Tommy
gun
gdir perfidious, disloyal,
treacherous; false, faithless, deceitful
gudfa pl. gudaf headcloth, kerchief
gudaf raven
gadiqa a (gadaq) to be copious, be heavy,
pour down (rain) IV = I; to give
bountifully ( to s.o.), shower, load (
s.o. with s.th.), bestow liberally (
upon s.o. s.th.)
gadiq copious, abundant (water,
rain)
mugdiq copious, abundant (water,
rain)
XII igdaudana to grow long and
luxuriantly (hair)
gadan languor, lassitude,
flaccidity, limpness
gudna languor, lassitude,
flaccidity, limpness
gidn clothes peg
mugdaudin luxuriant, flowing,
long (hair)
) )gad u (gudw, gadw, gadwa) to
go (away), leave, come, do, or be, early in
the morning; to run; to become ( s.th.),
grow, turn ( into), come to be ( s.th.)
( wa-ra) to go back and forth,
walk to and fro; to come and go; --
gadiya a ( gadan) to breakfast, have
breakfast II to give breakfast ( to s.o.); to
give lunch ( to s.o.) III to go early in the
morning ( to s.o.)
yurwiuh wa-yugdh he calls on her
time and again or constantly V to
breakfast, have breakfast; to lunch, have
lunch
gad the morrow, the following day;
gadan tomorrow; on a future day,
sometime in the future , on
the following day, tomorrow; do.;
on a future day, sometime in the future;
day after tomorrow; see
gad pl. agdiya breakfast;
lunch
gadh pl. gadawt early
morning; al-gadta this morning
gudwa pl. gudan early
morning
gadwa pl. gadawat lunch; morning
errand; ( rautuh) all his
goings, his coming and going
magdan place to which one goes
in the morning ( wa-mar)
an ever frequented place, an aspired goal
666
gadda i (gadd) to fester, suppurate (wound)
IV do.; to hasten, speed, make forced
marches ( )( sair) to ran fast,
hasten, hurry, speed
) )gad u (gadw) to feed ( s.o. s.th.),
nourish, nurture ( s.o. with) II to feed (
s.o. s.th.), nourish, nurture ( s.o.
with); to provide, supply, furnish, sustain (
, s.o. s.th. with), feed, charge,
replenish ( s.th. with) V to be fed (
s.th.), be nourished, be nurtured ( with);
to feed, live ( on); to be supplied, be
provided, be furnished, be fed ( with,
 e.g., with electric power) VIII to be fed,
be nourished, be nurtured
gadw feeding, nourishment,
alimentation, nutrition, nurture
gid pl. agdiya nourishment,
nutriment, nutrition, nurture, food; pl.
foodstuffs, victuals, food
gid alimental, alimentary,
nutritional, nutritious, nutritive
( mawdd) foodstuffs, victuals, food,
nutritive substances
tagdiya feeding (also techn.),
nourishment, alimentation, nutrition,
provisioning, supply, input, charging (e.g.,
of an electric battery)
garra u ( gurr) to mislead, deceive,
beguile ( s.o.); to delude, gull, dazzle,
blind ( s.o.) II to deceive, beguile (
s.o.); to delude, gull, dazzle, blind (
s.o.); to entice, allure, tempt, seduce (
s.o.); to expose to danger, endanger,
imperil ( s.o., s.th.), risk, jeopardize,
hazard ( s.th.) to expose o.s.
to danger, risk ones life VIII to be
dazzled, blinded, fooled, deluded, misled,
let o.s. be deceived ( by), be mistaken (
in, about); to be or become overweening
or conceited X to come unexpectedly ( to
s.o.), surprise ( s.o.)
garr (cutting) edge of a sword
girr pl. agrr inexperienced,
gullible, new, green; a greenhorn;
inattentive, inadvertent, heedless
gurra pl. gurar white spot on a
horses face, blaze; the best, the finest, the
prime (of s.th.); highlight g. garaba u (garb) to go away, depart,
a-ahr the first day of the month;
at the beginning of the year
garra inadvertency, heedlessness,
inattentiveness, inattention; unguarded
moment, moment of inadvertence
or ( ni g.) unexpectedly,
unawares, inadvertently, surprisingly;
( )( ukida) to be surprised, be
taken by surprise, be caught unawares
garar risk, hazard, jeopardy,
danger, peril
gurr deception; delusion,
illusion;: conceit, overweeningness,
snobbery, vanities, trifles, banalities;
danger, peril self-deception,
self-delusion
garr deceptive, delusive,
fallacious, illusory
garr deceived, misled, tempted;
(pl. also agirra, agirra)
inexperienced, naive, ingenuous, gullible
girr (cutting) edge of a sword;
girran in a hurry, hastily
in a hurry, hastily; )( ... like ,
similar to , in the manner of ..., after the
pattern of ...; in this manner;
after one pattern, in the same
manner, likewise, alike
garrr deceptive, delusive,
fallacious
garra inconsiderateness,
thoughtlessness, beedlessness
in the manner of ..., after the pattern of ...
667
girra pl. garir2 sack (for
straw or grain)
agar2, f. garr2, pl. gurr
having a blaze (horse); beautiful,
handsome; magnanimous, generous;
noble; esteemed, honorable (esp. as a
complimentary epithet following the name
of a newspaper) ( muajjal)
unique, singular
magrr deceived, fooled, misled,
tempted; deluded, dazzled, blind; vain,
conceited, overweening, snobbish
grm pl. -t gram(me)
absent o.s., withdraw ( from), leave (
s.o., s.th.); -- garaba u ( gurb) to set
(sun, etc.); -- garuba u ( garba) to
be a stranger; to be strange, odd, queer,
obscure, abstruse, difficult to comprehend
you will not have failed to
notice that ..., you are, no doubt, aware (of
the fact) that ..., you know very well that
II to go away, leave, depart, absent
o.s.; to go westward; to expel from the
homeland, banish, exile, expatriate ( s.o.)
( wa-arraqa) to get around in
the world, see the world IV to say or do a
strange or amazing thing; to exceed the
proper bounds ( in), overdo, exaggerate garba pl. garib2
( s.th.) ( aik) to laugh peculiarity; a strange, striking thing,
noisily or heartily, guffaw V to go to a oddity, curiosity, marvel, prodigy, wonder
foreign country, emigrate; to be (far) away gurb setting (of the sun of a
from ones homeland; to become an star)
occidental, become Westernized, be
Europeanized; to emigrate o.s., to the garba strangeness, curiousness;
Western way of life VIII to go to a foreign oddness, queerness, singularity,
country, emigrate; to be (far) away from peculiarity 668
ones homeland X to find ( s.th.) strange, agrab2 stranger, more alien;
odd, queer, unusual; to deem ( s.th.) odder, queerer, more unusual
absurd, preposterous, grotesque; to
disapprove ( of s.th.); to become an magrib pl. magrib2 place
occidental, Westernized, be Europeanized; or time of sunset; west, occident; (f.)
to assimilate o.s. to the Western way of prayer at sunset (Isl. Law);
life ( aik) to laugh Maghrib, northwest Africa
noisily or heartily, guffaw m. a-ams time of sunset, sunset;
Maghrib, northwest Africa;
garb west; occident; vehemence, ( m. al-ar) the entire world;
violence, impetuosity, tempestuousness; al-mariqn wa-l-m do.;
the West, the Occident; garban all over the world,
Westward, toward the West throughout the world
falla garbah to subdue s.o., put a damper
on s.o.; garban bi-janbin magrib North African, Maghribi;
southwestward, toward the southwest (pl. magriba) a North African, a
Maghribi
garb western, westerly;
occidental, Western; European; an look up alphabetically
Occidental, a Westerner; al- tagrb banishment, expatriation
garbyn the Western Church (Chr.)
tagarrub separation from ones
gurba absence from the homeland; native country; emigration; Europeanism,
separation from ones native country, Occidentalism, Westernism
banishment, exile; life, or place, away
from home igtirb separation from ones
native country; emigration; Europeanism,
gurb pl. ( girbn, Occidentalism, Westernism
agrub, agriba crow; raven; --
occiput; blade (esp. of a hatchet) istigrb wonder, surprise,
astonishment, amazement, perplexity
garb pl. gurab2 strange,
foreign, alien, extraneous ( or to grib pl. gawrib2 withers
s.o.); strange, odd, queer, quaint, unusual, (of the camel, of the horse); pl. wave
extraordinary, curious, remarkable, crests ( )( alq
peculiar; amazing, astonishing, baffling, ablah) to give free rein to s.o. or to s.th.
startling, wondrous, marvelous; grotesque; mugarrab expatriated, exiled,
difficult to understand, abstruse, obscure banished; expatriate, exile
(language); remote, outlandish, rare,
muglarib stranger, foreigner,
uncommon (word); (pl. also agrab)
alien; living away from home
stranger, foreigner, alien; pl. those
living abroad, those away from home, mustagrib Europeanized,
emigrs whimsical, Westernized
capricious, eccentric, cranky; mustagrab strange, odd, queer,
(mdda) foreign body, extraneous quaint, unusual, extraordinary, curious,
substance peculiar
 garbala ( garbala) to sieve, sift,
riddle ( s.th.)
girbill pl. .kI pribll' sieve
garbil pl. -n, garbilya
sieve maker, sieve merchant
garida a (garad) to sing, twitter (bird),
warble II and V = I
garad singing, song, twitter(ing),
warbling (of a bird)
gurd pl. gurd dune, shifting
dune
girrd singing, twittering, warbling
(bird)
ugrda pl. agrid2
twittering, warbling, song (of birds)
tagrd singing, song, twitter(ing),
warbling
mugarrid singing, twittering,
warbling (bird) songbird
garaza i (garz) to prick ( s.th. with,
e.g., with a needle); to thrush, plunge,
insert, stick, stab, ram, push, bore (
s.th. into); to plant, implant ( s.th. in) II
to throat, plunge, insert, stick, stab, ram,
push, bore ( s.th. into) IV = II; V to
penetrate deeply ( into), pierce ( s.th.);
to be inserted, be stuck ( into) VII to
bore, penetrate ( into), pierce ( s.th.);
to sink ( into) VIII to penetrate deeply (
into), pierce ( s.th.); to be inserted, be
stuck ( into) ( saira) (he put predilection, have a bias ( for)
his foot in the stirrup, ready to depart=)
his departure was imminent
garz leather stirrup
gurza pl. guraz stitch
garza pl. gariz2 nature,
natural disposition; natural impulse,
instinct
garz natural, native, innate,
inborn; instinctive
magraz pl. magriz2 (eg.)
prank, practical joke 669
garasa i (gars) to plant, implant (
s.th. in); to place, put, set, infix, interpose,
interpolate, insert ( s.th. into) IV to
plant, implant ( s.th.) VII to be planted,
be implanted; to sink in
gars planted; (pl. agrs,
girs) plant, layer, cion, nursery
plant, seedling
girs pl. agrs plant, layer,
cion, nursery plant, seedling
girsa plant
girs plant; planting time
girsa cultivation, growing,
raising ) )g. az-zaitn
olive growing; g. al-inab wine
growing; viticulture
garsa pl. garis2
girs nursery plant, layer, cion, seedling
magris pl. magris2 place
where s.th. is infixed, interposed or
inserted; nursery, plantation, bed
mugrasa pl. -t a contract for
the lease of an orchard providing that the
lessee, who undertakes to cultivate the
orchard, will become owner of one half of
it after the orchard has yielded profit
(Tun.)
mugris pl. -n one who
concludes a mugrasa (q.v.) (Tun.)
gir, gur pl. gur piaster
standard piaster
IV ( garaa) to attain the
goal V to take sides, be partial, have a
gara pl. agr target,
aim, goal, objective, object; intention,
design, purpose; object of desire;
(personal, selfish) interest; inclination,
tendency, propensity; bias, prejudice; pl.
( syr.) articles of everyday use,
things, objects, stuff, odds and ends
gara tendeney- (in
compounds), marked by directional, or
purposive, presentation
gar pl. agr2 fresh,
tender
tagarru prejudice, bias;
tendentious attitude
 mugri partial, biased,
tendentious; -- (pl. -n) partial person;
biased person; person guided by personal
interests
gargara ( gargara) to gargle; to
gurgle; to simmer, bubble (pot) II
tagargara to gargle; to gurgle
( ainuh bi-d-dam) his eyes drowned person; immersed, engrossed,
were bathed in tears
girgir (coll.; n. un. )guinea fowl
gargara gargling, gargle, gurgle
garafa i u (garf) to ladle, spoon, scoop (
s.th.); to ladle ( food) from a cooking
pot, and the like, (into a howl) for serving;
to serve ( a meal) VIII to ladle, scoop (
s.th. from or out of)
gurfa pl. girf the amount of excessiveness, exorbitance, immoderation,
water scooped up with one hand; handful;
-- (pl. -t, guraf) upstairs room, room
on an upper floor; room; chamber (=
room; as a public body of administration,
etc.); cabinet; compartment, ward
g. al-akl dining room; or
chamber of commerce;
g. as-sufra dining room; bridge
(naut.); g. an-naum bedroom
garraf pl. garrf2 (syr.) a
water wheel turned by oxen or horses and
used for raising irrigation water from a
river onto the fields
migrafa pl. magrif2 large magram) to pay ( a fine, and the like); to
spoon, ladle, scoop 670
gariqa a (garaq) to plunge, dive, become
immersed, immerge, become submersed,
submerge, sink, founder ( in); to go
under, be drowned ( in); to be
immersed, be engrossed, be absorbed (
in); to be wholly engaged, be loot ( in),
be completely taken up ( with) II to
plunge, dip, immerse, submerse ( , s.o.,
s.th.); to sink, founder ( s.th.), drown (,
s.o., s.th.); to inundate, flood ( s.th.;
the market with) IV = II; to
exceed the proper bound! ( in); to
exaggerate, overdo ( s.th.); to be
excessive ( in s.th.), carry ( s.th.) to
excess ( aik) to laugh adventures
noisily or heartily, guffaw V to be sunk,
be foundered X to sink ( into sleep, and
the like), be immersed ( in); to absorb,
engross, engage wholly, claim completely,
fill, take up, occupy (, s.o., s.th.); to take,
last ( a certain time)
(ahik) to laugh noisily or heartily, guffaw
XII ( igrauraqat
ainh) his eyes were bathed in tears
gariq pl. garq drowned; a
absorbed ( in)
garqan drowned
tagrq drowning; sinking,
foundering, scuttling (of a ship);
inundation, flooding
igrq drowning; sinking,
foundering, scuttling (of a ship);
inundation, flooding; exaggeration;
extravagance; hyperbole (rhet.)
griq sunk, drowned; immersed,
engrossed, absorbed ( in)
( daha) completely taken aback,
deeply shocked, utterly dismayed
mugraq immersed, engrossed,
absorbed ( in)
mustagriq immersed, engrossed,
absorbed ( in)
gurla pl. gural foreskin,
prepuce
garima a (gurm, garma,
suffer loss II to fine ( s.o.), impose a fine
( on s.o.) IV = II; pass, ugrima to be very
fond, be enamored ( of), be in love, be
infatuated ( with) V to be fined, be
mulcted
gurm damage, loss
garm infatuation ( with), love (
of), passion, ardent desire ( for);
penalty, mulct, fine; see also
alphabetically
garm passionate, impassioned,
erotic, amorous, amatory, love (used
attributively); garmyt amours,
romances, love affairs, amorous
love letter
garm pl. guram2 debtor;
creditor; opponent, adversary, antagonist,
rival; insulter
 garma woman opponent, female
antagonist, rival
garma pl. -t fine, mulct;
indemnity, compensation, damages;
reparation, amends, penalty
magram pl. magrim2
damage, loss; debt; liability, financial
obligation; fine
mugram enamored, ( of), in love,
infatuated ( with)
garn (alluvial) mud
garna2 Granada (city in S Spain)
gurnq pl. garnq2 crane (zool.)
girnq pl. garnq2 crane
(zool.) 671
) )gar u (gurw) to glue, fix with glue (
s.th.) II = I; IV to make ( s.o.) covetous
( for), prod, spur on, goad, egg on,
incite, induce, instigate, abet, urge, impel (
s.o. to do s.th.); to entice, allure,
tempt, seduce ( s.o. to); to set ( s.o.
on), sick ( a dog, etc., on game); to
bring about, cause, produce, provoke (
s.th.); pass. ugriya to desire ardently, love
( s.th.), be attached ( to s.th.)
( adwata) to cause or excite
enmity among
l garwa no wonder! it is small
wonder
garan glue
gir glue
gir gluey, glutinous
giraw gluey, glutinous, sticky,
ropy, vicious; colloidal (chem.)
garw no wonder! it is small
wonder
garrya pl. -t (eg.) glue pot
migrh glue pot
igr incitement, instigation,
inducement, spur, goad, impetus;
incentive, stimulus; enticement,
allurement, temptation, seduction
mugrin enticing, alluring, tempting;
inciter, instigator, abettor; tempter,
seducer
mugriyt lures, temptations
1
IV to he thorny, prickly; to prick
2
gazza2 Gaza (seaport in S Palestine)
gazz gauze
1
gazara u (gazr, gazra) to be
plentiful, copious, abundant
gazr abundance, copiousness,
profusion, plenty, large quantity, lavish
supply
gazr pl. gizr much,
plentiful, copious, abundant, ample;
densely growing, luxuriantly growing;
rich ( in) g. al-mdda well-
informed, learned, well-read; g.
al-mawdd offering a wealth of
information (book)
gazra abundance, copiousness,
profusion, plenty, large quantity, lavish
supply
2
gazr a variety of pigeon
gazala i (gazl) to spin ( s.th.); -- gazila a
(gazal) to display amorous behavior (
toward a woman), make love ( to a
woman), court, woo ( a woman), flirt (
with a woman); to eulogize in verses ( a
woman) III to speak words of love, make
love ( to a woman), court, woo ( a
woman), flirt, dally, philander ( with a
woman) V to court, woo ( a woman),
make love ( to a woman), flirt, dally (
with a woman), make eyes ( at a
woman); to celebrate in love poems ( a
woman, also s.o.); to extol, laud,
eulogize ( s.th.) VI to flirt (with one
another) VIII to spin ( s.th.)
gazl spinning; (pl. guzl)
spun thread, yarn mana al-
g. spinning mill
gazal flirt, flirtation, dalliance,
dallying; love; words of love, cooing of
lovers; love poetry, erotic poetry
gazal amorous, amatory, erotic,
love (used attributively)
gazl pl. gizla, gizln
gazelle
gazzl spinner (of yarn)
 gazla female gazelle, doe;
(rising) sun, disk of the sun; pommel of
the camel saddle
gazzla spider 672
magzil pl. magzil2 spinning
mill
migzal, mugzal pl. magzil2
spindle ab m. (eg.) stork
mugzala pl. -t flirt, flirtation,
dalliance, dallying
tagazzul flirt, flirtation, dalliance,
dallying
) )gaz u (gazw) to strive (
for), aspire ( to); to mean, intend (
s.th.); -- gaz u (gazw, gazawn) to
carry out a military expedition, make a
raid, foray, or incursion, commit
aggression ( against s.o., against s.th.),
attack, assault ( s.o., s.th.), raid, invade
( s.th.); to conquer ( s.th., s.o.); to
overcome ( s.o., s.th.) clothes, washing
(sq) to flood the market (com.)
gazw assault, raid, incursion,
inroad, invasion, attack, aggression;
conquest
gazwa pl. gazawt military
expedition, foray; raid, incursion, inroad,
invasion, attack, aggression; conquest;
campaign of conquest
gazh pl. gazawt military
expedition, foray; raid, incursion, inroad,
invasion, attack, aggression; conquest;
campaign of conquest
magzan pl. magzin sense,
meaning, signification, import; moral (of a
story); motto; importance, significance,
moment, consequence subtle
meaning; d m. significant
magzh pl. magzin military
expedition, foray, raid; the military
campaigns of the Prophet
gzin pl. guzh one who carries
out a military expedition or a foray; raider,
invader, aggressor, conqueror; al-
gz the war lord, warrior champion, ghazi
gziya pl. gawzin woman
dancer, danseuse
guss (sing. and pl.) worthless
gasaq dusk, twilight before nightfall; dark
of night
gasala i (gasl) to wash ( s.o.,
s.th. with), launder ( s.th. with); to
cleanse, clean ( s.th., e.g., the teeth); to
purge, cleanse, clear, wash ( s.th., of);
to wash ( against s.th.) II to wash
thoroughly ( s.o., s.th.) VIII to wash
(o.s.); to take a bath, bathe; to perform the
major ritual ablution (i.e., a washing of the
whole body; (Isl. Law)
gusl pl. agsl washing,
ablution; the major ritual ablution, i.e., a
washing of the whole body (Isl. Law);
wash water
gasl wash water
gasla pl. gasalt (n. vic.) a wash,
an ablution
gasl washed; (dirty or washed)
gasl wash water; washing agent,
detergent
gsl soap; lye
gassl washer, washerman,
laundryman
gassla pl. -t washerwoman,
laundress; washing machine
gusla dirty wash water, slops
magsil, magsala pl. magsil2
washing facility, washroom, lavatory;
washhouse
migsal washbasin; washbowl,
washdish, washtub
magsala pl. magsil2
washstand
mugtasal washroom, lavatory
gaa u (ga) to act dishonestly ( toward
s.o.); to deceive, fool, mislead, cheat, gull,
dupe ( s.o.); to debase, vitiate, adulterate (
s.th., esp. food-stuffs) II to act
dishonestly ( toward s.o.); to deceive,
fool, mislead, cheat, gull, dupe ( s.o.) VII
and VIII to be deceived, be fooled, be
cheated, be duped; to let o.s. be deceived
X to regard ( s.o.) as dishonest or as a
 fraud; to suspect ( s.o.) of fraud or
deception
ga adulteration, corruption,
debasement; fraud, deceit
gi faithlessness disloyalty,
perfidy; deception, deceit; fraud,
imposture, swindle
ga fraud, cheat, swindler, clothes so as not to see or hear
impostor; deceptive, delusive, false
mag deceived, fooled, fainting, swoon(ing)
cheated, duped; adulterated, corrupted,
debased
gaama i (gam) to treat unjustly or
tyrannically, to wrong, oppress ( s.o.); to
act unjustly or tyrannically ( toward s.o.);
to act thoughtlessly, haphazardly ( in
s.th.) VI to feign ignorance or
inexperience X to regard ( s.o.) as dumb,
stupid, ignorant, or inexperienced
gam oppression, repression, ill-
treatment
gam unjust, unfair, iniquitous, diphtheria (med.)
tyrannical; oppressor, tyrant
brute force
gam pl. guam
inexperienced, ignorant, foolish, dumb,
stupid; new (at an office), green, a
greenhorn; new, boorish, uneducated;
unskilled, untrained, clumsy, awkward,
gauche; raw, crude, unprocessed,
unworked
guma inexperience, disaster; faint, swoon; insensibility,
foolishness
gim unjust, unfair, iniquitous,
tyrannical; oppressor, tyrant; scum, dross
( qwa) brute force on some food); to be overcrowded,
( and ( ga u (gaw) to come ( to
s.o.; to a place); -- gaiya a (
gawa) to cover, wrap up, envelop,
conceal, veil ( s.o., s.th.); to come,
descend ( upon s.o.), overcome,
overwhelm ( s.o.); to be dark (night); --
gaiya a ( gaayn, giyn) to come which causal choking, a lump in the
(to s.o.; to place); to go to see, visit (
s.o., s.th.), call ( on s.o.); to sleep (
with a woman); to cover ( the female
animal); to commit, perpetrate ( e.g., an
outrage); to yield, give in ( to a craving);
-- pass. ( guiya) ( gay, guy)
to lose consciousness, faint, swoon II to
cover, wrap up, envelop, veil ( s.o.,
s.th.); to spread a cover or wrap ( over
s.o., over s.th.); to overlay, coat, plate (
s.th.) IV to be dark (night); to spread a
cover or wrap ( , over) V to cover o.s. (
with), wrap o.s. ( in) X
(tiybah) to hide ones head in ones
gay, guy unconsciousness,
gaya fainting spell, swoon, faint
gawa veil, wrap, cover, covering
gi pl. agiya cover,
covering, wrap, wrapper, wrapping,
envelope; coating, coat, plating;
integument; film, pellicle; membrane;
valve ( anf) nasal mucosa;
g. al-bakra hymen, virginal
membrane; ( muki) mucous
membrane, mucosa
gi: ( kunq)
giwa, giwa veil, wrap, cover,
covering
gaayn, giyn unconsciousness,
faint(ing), swoon(ing)
magan place at which one
arrives, object of a visit 674
giya pl. gawin
pericardium; misfortune, calamity,
stupor; servants, attendants, retinue, suite
ga (1st peril. perf. gaitu) a (
)to be choked; to choke ( on, esp.
congested, jammed, packed, crammed (
with) ( maknu) the place
was overcrowded IV to choke ( s.o.) VIII
to be overcrowded, congested, jammed,
packed, crammed
gua pl. -t, gua that
throat; mortal distress, torment, agony,
ordeal, choking sound, suppressed moan
g. al-maut agony of death
g replete, crowded, jammed,
packed, crammed ( with)
 gaaba i (gab) to take away by
force or illegally, extort ( s.th.,
from s.o.), rob ( s.th.; or or
s.o. of s.th.), seize unlawfully, usurp (
s.th.), take illegal possession ( of s.th.);
to force, compel, coerce ( s.o., to); to
abduct, carry off ( a woman); to rape,
ravish, violate ( a woman); to conquer,
subdue ( s.o.) VIII = I
to force ones entry into a country
igtib forcible, illegal seizure,
extortion; usurpation, unlawful
arbitrariness (Isl. Law); force, compulsion,
coercion, constraint gaban and
forcibly, by force; against no offence at , have no objection to
his will, in defiance of him
igtib forcible, illegal seizure,
extortion, robbery, illegal appropriation,
usurpation; ravishment, violation, rape (of
a woman); force, compulsion, coercion,
constraint
gib pl. -n, gub usurper III to be cross, be on bad terms ( with
magb acquired by unlawful
arbitrariness, extorted, usurped; forced,
compelled, coerced, constrained
mugtaib violent, outrageous,
brutal; usurper
II and IV to put forth branches, to branch
(tree)
gun pl. gun, enraged; vexed, annoyed, irritated, galled
agn twig, bough, limb, branch
guna twig, shoot, cion, sprout
gaa (1st peril. perf. qaatu) i and (1st
peril. perf. qaitu) a ( guda,
gada) to be or become fresh,
succulent, tender (esp. a plant); -- gaa u
(ga, gaa) to cast down,
lower ( or ones eyes, ones glance,
out of modesty, and the like), to lower,
lessen, diminish ( the value, the prestige
of s.o. or s.th.), detract, derogate ( from
s.o., from s.th.) ( arfah) to
lower ones eyes; )( igdb exasperation, infuriation;
(naara) to overlook, let pass, disregard
s.th., pass over s.th., wink at s.th., pay no
attention to s.th., have no objection to s.th.
ga aversion (of the glance)
)( g. an-naar (a-art) magb:
overlooking of s.th.; disregarding of s.th.;
aside from ..., not to speak of
..., let alone ..., regardless of ,
irrespective of ..., notwithstanding
ga fresh, succulent, juicy,
tender; lush, luxuriant (plant)
gua shortcoming, deficiency,
fault, defect
ga fresh, succulent, juicy,
tender
gaa freshness, succulence,
juiciness, tenderness; shortcoming,
deficiency, fault, defect; blot, stain, 675
disgrace, shame to take
guda freshness, succulence,
juiciness, tenderness
gaiba a (gaab) to be or become angry,
cross, mad, vexed, irritated, exasperated,
furious, to fret ( or at s.th., with
s.o.); to stand up ( for), defend ( s.th.)
s.o.) IV to annoy, exasperate, anger, make
angry, enrage, infuriate ( s.o.); to vex,
irrigate, gall, provoke ( s.o.) V = I
gaab wrath, rage, fury; anger,
exasperation, indignation;
(gaaban) for the protection of
gaib wrathful, angry,
exasperated, irate, furious, infuriated,
gaba fit of rage, angry outburst,
tantrum
gab irascible, choleric,
irritable
gudb irascible, choleric,
irritable; sullen, morose
gabn2, f. gab, pl.
gib, gaab, guab
wrathful, angry, exasperated, irate,
furious, infuriated, enraged
vexation, irritation, annoying; provocation
gib wrathful, angry,
exasperated, irate, furious, infuriated,
enraged; vexed, annoyed, irritated, galled
object of
anger
 gaara i (gadr) to turn away ( from);
to turn ( against s.o. or to s.o.); --
gaira a (gaar) to be or become rich,
abundant, lavish, opulent, lush, luxuriant
gair abundant, lavish, opulent,
lush, luxuriant
gar fresh, green (plant)
gara freshness; affluence,
prosperity, opulence
gurf pl. garf
cartilage, gristle
II to wrinkle, pucker, shrivel, fold, crease
( s.th.) III to wink amorously ( at a
woman) V to wrinkle, shrivel, form,
creases or corrugations; to be or become
wrinkled, creased, folded, corrugated
gan, gaan pl. gun
wrinkle, fold, crease, corrugation; (only
sg.) trouble, toil, labor, hardship, difficulty
... in the course of, during,
within; meanwhile, in the
meantime
gaanfar lion
( )IV to close ones eyes (also with
ainah); to overlook, disregard, avoid
seeing, condone ( s.th.), let (
s.th.) pass, shut ones eyes ( to s.th.),
take no notice ( of s.th.); to be
lenient ( with), have indulgence, show
forbearance ( for), wink, connive (
at) VI to pretend not to notice; to
disregard ( s.th.); = water); (Chr.) to baptize ( s.o.) V to dive;
( :(
(aarra, jamri l-g.) lit: in a hotter spot
than the live embers of ga (i.e. a variety
of euphorbia), i.e. on pins and needles, in
an unbearable situation
ig overlooking, connivance,
condonation, disregard; indulgence,
forbearance
tagin overlooking, connivance,
condonation, disregard; indulgence,
forbearance 676
gaa u (ga) to immerse, dip, plunge (
, s.o., s.th. in); -- gaa i ( ga) to
snore IV to immerse, dip, plunge ( ,
s.o., s.th. in) VII to be immersed, be
dipped, be plunged ( in)
ga snoring, snore
guaia fog, mist
gura designation of the kfya, or
headcloth worn under the iql, in Nejd
and Bahrein
garasa to be haughty, arrogant,
supercilious, overbearing, snobbish,
conceited, overweening. self-important II
tagarasa do. ( miyatih)
to display a haughty bearing, swagger,
strut
garasa haughtiness,
superciliousness, arrogance, insolence,
impudence, snobbishness, conceitedness,
self-importance
girs pl. gars2
haughty, supercilious, arrogant,
overbearing, snobbish, conceited,
overweening, self-important
mutagaris haughty,
supercilious, arrogant, overbearing,
snobbish, conceited, overweening, self-
important
girf pl. garf2,
garif2, garifa potentate; a noble,
great, famous man
gaasa i (gas) to dip, plunge, immerse,
submerse ( , s.o., s.th. into water); to
dive, plunge, become immersed, sink,
submerge ( in water) II to dip, plunge,
immerse, submerse ( , s.o., s.th. into
to bathe ( in)
gas dipping, plunging,
immersion; diving; sinking (trans. and
intr.); submersion
gis baptism (Chr.);
Epiphany (Chr.)
gas diver (man or bird)
magis (migas) pl.
magis2 bathtub; plunge bath
d al-m. Epiphany (Chr.)
tags dipping, plunging,
immersion; submersion; baptism (Chr.)
gis draft (of a ship)
gaaa i (ga) to be or become
dark (night); -- gaia a (gaa) to become
 dim (eye); to be dim-sighted V to be dim,
dim-sighted (eye)
gaa dim-sightedness
giamm huge, vast (ocean)
) )ga u (gaw) to cover, cover up (
s.th.) II to cover, wrap, envelop, conceal (
s.o., s.th. with); to slip ( over
s.th. s.th. else), cover ( s.th. with); to
cover ( s.th., e.g., expenses, the goal in
sports); to outshine, eclipse, obscure (
s.o., s.th.); to drown ( s.th., of voices,
etc.); to be stronger, be more decisive (
than) V to be covered, wrapped,
enveloped, concealed ( with. by); to
cover o.s. ( with), wrap o.s., veil o.s.,
conceal o.s. ( in) VIII = V
gi pl. agiya cover,
covering, integument, wrap, wrapper,
wrapping, envelope; covering (=
clothing); lid headgear
tagiya cover(ing) (of expenses, of
currency, of the goal in sports); cover of
notes in circulation, backing of notes, note
coverage
gaffa i (eg.) to take unawares; to grab,
grasp, seize ( s.o.)
gafara i (gafr, magfira, s.o.) negligent, careless, heedless, or
gufrn) to forgive ( s.o. s.th.), grant
pardon ( to s.o. for s.th.), remit (
s.th.) ( yugfaru) unpardonable,
irremissible, inexcusable VIII to forgive
677 ( s.o. s.th.), grant pardon ( to
s.o. for), remit ( s.th.) heed, disregard, ignore ( s.th.), be
(yugtafaru) unpardonable, irremissible,
inexcusable X to ask s.o.s ( )pardon ( or
or for an offense), ask ( s.o.) to
forgive ( or or an offense),
apologize ( to s.o., or or for)
I ask Gods forgiveness! a
formular phrase used on various
occasions, esp. when modestly declining
compliments and amiabilities, approx.:
please dont (say so)! not at all!
gafr pardon, forgiveness;
gafran pardon me! I beg your pardon!
gafr readily inclined to pardon,
much-forgiving (esp. of God)
gaffr readily inclined to pardon,
much-forgiving (esp. of God)
gufrn pardon, forgiveness,
remission d aum al-g.
or Day of Atonement, Yom
Kippur (Jud.)
magfira pardon, forgiveness,
remission
magfr: ( he who has
been forgiven), the deceased, the late ...
2
II to guard ( s.o., s.th.), watch (
over s.o.) over s.th.)
gufra cover; lid
gafr numerous (crowd), abundant
(quantity), large (number); (pl.
gufar2) guard, sentinel; watchman
( )( jamm, jam) large number or
quantity, large gathering of people
gifra pl. gafir2 kerchief
for covering the bead, headcloth
gaffra cope (Chr.)
migfar pl. magfir2 helmet
gafqa light slumber
gafala u ( gafla, gufl) to neglect,
not to heed, disregard, ignore ( s.th.), be
forgetful, be heedless, be unmindful (
of), pay no attention ( to) II to make (
inattentive III to use, or take advantage of,
s.o.s ( )negligence, inadvertence,
inattention, heedlessness, or carelessness;
to surprise, take by surprise, take
unawares ( s.o.) IV to neglect, not to
forgetful, be heedless, be unmindful ( of
s.th.), pay no attention ( to s.th.); to pass
( over s.th.), slight, leave out, omit, skip
( s.th.); to leave unspecified ( s.th.) V =
III; VI to feign inattention, inadvertence,
negligence, or carelessness; to pretend to
be, or make as if, inattentive, inadvertent,
negligent, or careless; to neglect,
disregard, ignore, slight ( s.o., s.th.),
pay no attention ( to), be uninterested (
in), be indifferent ( to) X = III; to
regard ( s.o.) as stupid, as a fool; to make
a fool of s.o. (), pull s.o.s ( )leg
gufl careless, heedless, unmindful,
inadvertent; undesignated, unmarked;
without name, anonymous; not provided (
with), devoid ( of)
 undated, without date, bearing no date; niggardly; -- galla i (gill) to be filled with
( ) )im) without hatred or rancor (breast); -- pass. gulla
signature, unsigned, anonymous; (gull, gulla) to suffer violent thirst,
unprocessed iron, pig iron, crude iron burn with thirst II to apply an iron collar
or manacles ( on s.o.), handcuff, shackle,
gafal negligence, inadvertence,
fetter ( s.o.) IV to produce, yield, yield
inattention, heedlessness, carelessness
crops (land); to yield ( to s.o. s.th.) V
gafla negligence, inadvertence, to enter, penetrate ( s.th. or into s.th.)
inattention, heedlessness, carelessness; VII = V X to rake in, gain, win, obtain,
indifference; foolishness; stupidity reap ( s.th.); to realize, or make, a profit
maut al-g. sudden death; and ( on s.th.), receive the proceeds ( of
( ini g.) suddenly, all of a s.th., esp. of land, and the like), turn to
sudden, unawares, inadvertently, (good) account, invest profitably, utilize (
unexpectedly, surprisingly s.th.); to profit ( by s.o., by s.th.),
gafln(2) negligent, neglectful, derive advantage or profit ( from),
careless, heedless, inadvertent, inattentive; make capital ( out of s.th.), capitalize (
drowsy, sleepy on s.th.); to take advantage ( of),
exploit ( s.o., s.th.)
tagfl stultification 678
gill rancor, hatred, spite, malice
igfl neglect, disregard, ignoring,
nonobservance, slight(ing); omission, gull burning thirst; (pl. agll)
skipping iron collar; manacles, handcuffs; pl.
chains, shackles, fetters
tagful neglect
gulla burning thirst
gfil pl. -n, gufl, guffal
negligent, neglectful, careless, heedless, galla pl. -t, gill yield,
inadvertent, unaware, inattentive produce, crops; proceeds, revenue, returns
(esp. of farming); grain, cereals; corn;
mugaffal apathetic, indifferent, fruits
inattentive; gullible, easily duped, a
sucker; simple-minded, artless; simpleton gall burning thirst; thirst for
revenge; rancor, ill will; ardent desire; (pl.
mugfal anonymous =( gill) exhausted with thirst, very
Fr. socit anonyme) joint-stock thirsty
corporation
galla pl. galil2 a fine,
mutagaffil dunce, dolt, numskull diaphanous cape, mantilla, veil; shirtlike
( and ( gaf u (gafw, gufw) to garment, gown g. an-naum
slumber, doze, take a nap; to doze off, nod nightshirt, nightgown
off, fall asleep; -- gafiya a ( gafya) do. istigll utilization; development,
IV do. working (of a mine, and the like),
gafwa pl. -t slumber, nap, doze, exploitation (of a mine; also = selfish
cat nap utilization, sweating); usufruct; abuse
igfa slumber, nap, doz., cat nap istigll serving exploitation,
exploitative
galla u (gall) to insert, put, stick, enter (
s.th. in(to) or between); to penetrate, magll fettered, shackled;
enter ( s.th. or into s.th.); to apply an exhausted with thirst, very thirsty
iron collar or manacles ( on s.o.), m. al-yad inactive, idle
handcuff, shackle, fetter ( s.o.); to mugill productive, fruitful, fertile
produce, yield, yield crops (land) (land, soil)
( yadah, unuqih) (lit.: to fetter
ones hand to ones neck, i.e.) not to mustagill exploiter, utilizer,
spend or give away anything, be usufructuary, beneficiary
 mustagall pl. -t that which
yields crops, proceeds, or profit; yield,
produce, proceeds; profit 679
galaba i (galb, galaba) to subdue,
conquer, vanquish, defeat, beat, lick (
or so., s.th.), get the better ( or
of s.o., of s.th.), be victorious, triumph,
gain ascendancy, get the upperhand,
achieve supremacy ( or over s.o.,
over s.th.); to master, surmount, overcome
( or s.th.); to seize ( or s.th.),
take possession ( or of s.th.), lay
hold ( or on s.th.); to overpower,
overcome, overwhelm ( or s.o.); to
snatch, wrench, wrest ( from s.o.
s.th.), rob, plunder ( s.o. of s.th.); to
prevail, (pre)dominate, be preponderant (
in s.th.); to be probable, be likely
( ann) to be probable, be
likely; ( ) )iatu, genit. or suffix) most of, the greater
jiddatu) (to be) fairly, almost correct or
new; ( kabatu) he is in low galaba) victor
spirits most of the time, melancholy
prevails in him; ( karamu) his
predominant, or foremost, quality is
generosity II to make ( s.o.) get the
upperhand ( over), make ( s.o.)
triumph ( over); to put ( s.th.
above or before) III to try to defeat ( s.o.);
to fight, combat ( s.o., s.th.), struggle,
wrestle ( with; with
difficulties); to befall, overcome ( s.o.;
e.g., sleep) V to triumph, gain the mastery
( over), overcome, surmount, master (
s.th.), cope ( with), break ( a
resistance); to outweigh ( s.th.)
( nusu) he was overcome by galama pl. galim2 epiglottis
drowsiness VI to wrestle with one
another, struggle
galab (act of) conquering,
defeating, surmounting, overcoming
galaba victory; (eg.) idle talk,
chatter, prattle
galabw (eg.) garrulous,
voluble, talkative; chatterbox, prattler,
windbag
gallb victorious, triumphant,
conquering
aglab2 (elative, with def. article or
foll. genit.) the greater portion, the
majority, most (of) in most
cases; mostly, in general, generally;
( wa-l-aamm) do.;
(a. i-ann) most likely, most probably, in
all probability; aglaba amrih and
in most cases, mostly; most
likely, most probably, in all probability
aglabya majority, greater portion
( ka) qualified majority;
( mulaqa) absolute majority
(pol.)
gilf combat(ing), fight; struggle,
strife, contest
muglaba combat(ing), fight;
struggle, strife, contest
tagallub surmounting,
overcoming, mastery ( of s.th.)
glib (pre)dominant; (with foll.
portion of, the majority of; (pl.
gliban and
mostly, in most cases, for the most part,
largely; in general, generally; most likely,
most probably; and the rule is
that , as a rule ...
glibya majority, greater portion
maglb defeated, vanquished;
beaten; recessive (biol.)
(amrih) helpless
mugallab defeated, overwhelmed,
overcome
galas darkness of night (esp. that
preceding daybreak)
galia a (gala) to make, or commit, a
mistake, commit an error, err, be mistaken
II to accuse ( s.o.) of a mistake or error,
put s.o. ( )in the wrong; to make ( s.o.)
commit a mistake or error 680 III to seek
to involve ( s.o.) in errors or mistakes; to
deceive, beguile, cheat, swindle (s.o.) IV
to make ( s.o.) commit a mistake or error
VI to mislead one another, cheat one
another
gala pl. agl error, mistake,
blunder; incorrect, wrong g.
al-iss deception of the senses, illusion;
( amr) there is a but in the case,
there is a hitch somewhere
 gala pl. galat, agl
error, mistake, blunder
(mabaya) misprint, erratum
galn2 one who commits a
mistake or error; mistaken, erring, wrong
ugla pl. -t, agl mugalla:
captious question
maglaa pl. magali captious galgala to penetrate ( s.th. or into s.th.);
question
muglaa pl. -t cheating, deceit;
swindle, fraud; falsification, distortion;
fallacy, sophism
galua u and galaa i (gila,
gila, gila) to be or become thick,
gross, coarse, crude, rude, rough, rugged;
to become viscous, viscid, tough, sirupy
(of a liquid, mush); to treat ( s.o.)
harshly, ruthlessly II to make ( s.th.)
thick, gross, big, coarse, crude, rude,
rough, or rugged; to thicken, coarsen (
s.th.) to swear a sacred oath IV
or ( qaula, f l-qauli) to s.th.); to cover ( s.th. with)
bark at s.o. rudely, use rude language
toward s.o., speak rudely, impolitely with
s.o. X to become thick, gross, big, coarse,
crude, rude, rough, rugged; to find ( s.th.)
thick, coarse, crude, rude, rough, rugged
gil thickness, grossness;
coarseness, crudeness, roughness,
ruggedness; harshness, ruthlessness,
rudeness, impoliteness, boorishness
gila thickness, grossness;
coarseness, crudeness, roughness,
ruggedness; harshness, ruthlessness,
rudeness, impoliteness, boorishness
gal pl. thick (e.g., curtain,
fabric); fat and uncouth, hulking, burly,
gross (person, body); viscous, viscid,
sirupy (liquid); solid, stringy, tough
(food); coarse, crude (fabric, words,
person); rough, rugged (ground); harsh,
callous, rude, churlish, inconsiderate,
boorish; inviolable, sacred (alliance, oath)
g. ar-raqaba stiff-necked,
obdurate, obstinate, stubborn;
(mi) the large intestine (anat.);
binding, sacred oath
gili thickness grossness;
coarser, ness, crudeness, roughness,
ruggedness
agl thicker, grosser; coarser,
cruder, rougher; ruder, more impolite
binding,
sacred oath
to enter ( s.th. or into s.th.); to plunge,
become immersed, submerge ( in) II
tagalgala to set in, descend, fall (night); to
penetrate ( s.th. or into s.th.); to enter (
s.th. or into s.th.); to plunge, become
immersed, submerge ( in); to be
crammed ( into), be deeply embedded.
b. ensconced ( in); to interfere, meddle
mutagalgil deeply embedded (
in); extensive, widely extended, far-
reaching (connections)
II to put or wrap ( s.th.) in a cover, wrap,
envelope, or case; to wrap, envelop (
gulfa foreskin, prepuce
gilf pl. guluf cover,
covering, wrapping, wrapper, wrapping,
jacket (of a book); case, box; envelope
681
aglaf2, f. galf2, pl. gulf
uncircumcised; rude, uncivilized
mugallaf uncircumcised; (pl. -t)
cover, covering, wrap, wrapper, wrapping,
envelope (of a letter)
galaqa i (galq) to close, shut ( s.th., a
door); to look, bolt ( s.th., a door);
galiqa a (galaq): ( rahnu) the
pledge was forfeited as the pledger was
unable to redeem it II to close shut (
s.th., a door); to lock, bolt ( s.th., a door)
IV = II; to declare a pledge ( rahnan)
to be forfeited, foreclose ( a
mortgage); pass. ugliqa to be obscure,
dark, ambiguous, dubious,
incomprehensible ( to s.o.) VII to be
closed, shut, looked, or bolted; to be
incomprehensible, X to be obscure, dark,
ambiguous, incomprehensible; to be
difficult, intricate, complicated
( kalamu) he was unable to speak,
he was struck dumb, he was speechless
 galaq pl. aglq lock, padlock
galiq obscure, dark, ambiguous,
dubious, abstruse, recondite, difficult to
comprehend
gilqa unpaid balance
miglq pl. maglq2 look; costly
padlock; breech (of a firearm); any closing
or fastening mechanism, as, a latch, a
catch, a clasp, a cap, a cover, a lid, a
outoff, etc.
iglq closing, shutting, locking,
bolting, shutting-off, barring; foreclosure
(of a mortgage)
ingilq obscurity, abstruseness,
incomprehensibility
maglaq closed, shut; locked,
bolted; obscure, dark, ambiguous,
dubious, abstruse, recondite, difficult to
comprehend
mustagliq obscure, dark, cryptic,
ambiguous, equivocal
galima a (galam, gulma) to be excited
by lust, be seized by sensuous desire VIII
=I
galim excited by lu.t. seized by
sensuous desire, wanton, lewd, lascivious,
lustful; in heat, rutted
gulma lust, carnal appetite,
sensuous desire; heat, rut
gulm pl. gilmn, gilma
boy, youth, lad; slave; servant, waiter
gulmya youth, youthfulness
gailam male tortoise
gulma youth, youthfulness
) )gal u (gulw) to exceed the proper
bounds, be excessive, go too far ( in),
overdo, exaggerate ( s.th.); -- gal u (
gal2) to be high, be stiff (price); to
become expensive, undergo a prise raise
(merchandise); to be expensive, be high
priced II to raise the price or s.th. ( )III
to exceed the proper bounds, be excessive,
go too far ( in), overdo, exaggerate (
s.th.); to demand too high a price, charge
too much ( for); to put greet store ( by
s.th.), ascribe great value ( to s.th.), rate
highly ( s.th.) IV = II; to declare ( s.th.)
to be dear or precious, appreciate, value,
prize, treasure, cherish ( s.th.); to laud,
extol, praise highly ( s.th.) VI to exceed
the proper bounds, be excessive, go too
far ( in); to overdo, exaggerate (
s.th.) X to find ( s.th.) expensive or
gulw exceeding of proper bounds,
excess, extravagance; exaggeration
gal2 high cost, high level of
prices, rise in prices; high price
gulaw2, gulw2 exceeding of
proper bounds, excess, extravagance
( kafffa) to dampen s.o.s
ardor, curb s.o.s enthusiasm 682
agl more expensive; more
valuable, more costly
muglh exceeding of proper
bounds, excess, extravagance,
exaggeration
igl laudation, extolment, high
praise; admiration
glin expensive, high priced;
valuable, costly; dear, beloved; -- (pl.
gulh) adherent of an extreme sect;
extremist, radical; fanatic adherent, fanatic
gal i (galy, galayn) to boil, bubble
up; to ferment (alcoholic beverage) II to
make ( s.th.) boil; to boil ( s.th.) IV = II
galy boiling, ebullition
galayn boiling, ebullition
galyn pl. galyn, water
pipe, narghile, hubble-bubble; smoking
pipe, tobacco pipe; see also below
gallya pl. -t boiler, kettle,
caldron steam boiler
gliya a perfume made of muek
and ambergris (Galia moschata)
magly broth; decoction (pharm.)
galyn pl. galyn2, galwn2
galleon; see also
gamma u (gamm) to cover, veil, conceal (
s.th.); to fill ( s.o.) with sadness, pain, or
grief, to pain, grieve, distress ( s.o.); pass.
gumma to be obscure, incomprehensible (
to s.o.) II to cover, veil, conceal (
 s.th.) IV to be overcast (sky); to fill ( s.o.) environment, an atmosphere); to cover,
with sadness, pain, or grief, to pain, 683 bury ( s.o., s.th.); to bestow
grieve, distress ( s.o.) VII to be liberally, lavish, heap, load ( upon s.o.
distressed, be worried, be sad, grieve, s.th.), shower ( s.o. with); to fill,
pine, worry VIII = VII pervade ( s.o., the heart; of feeling.) III
to plunge (blindly), throw o.s. (headlong)
gamm pl. gumm grief,
( or into); to venture; to risk ( s.th.)
affliction, sorrow, distress, sadness,
to engage in daring
worry, anxiety
adventures, risk ones life VIII to cover,
gumma grief, affliction, sorrow, bury, engulf, swallow ( s.th.)
distress, sadness, anxiety
gamr flooding, overflowing,
gamm (coll.; n. un. )pl. submersion, inundation; (pl. gimr,
gamim2 clouds abb al-g. gumr) deluge, flood (also fig.); all-
hail engulfing, flooding, overflowing (water);
of overflowing liberality, lavishly
gimma pl. gamm2 blinder, openhanded, generous; -- gamr and gumr
blinker (for horses, etc.); muzzle (for (pl. agmr) inexperienced, green,
animals) gullible, simple, ingenuous
agamm2, f. gamm2 covered gamra pl. gamart, gimr
with dense hair, hairy, hirsute, shaggy; deluge, flood, inundation; (emotional)
thick, dense (clouds) exuberance; pl. flood (fig., e.g., of
gamm grievous, distressing, events); adversities, hardships, ups and
sorrowful, sad, painful; sultry, muggy down, (of life, of battle, etc.); abundance,
(day, night) profusion (e.g., of knowledge)
g. a1-maut mortal throes
magmm grieved, distressed,
afflicted, worried, sad gumr pl. agmr armfull
mugtamm grieved, distressed, gimr risk, hazard
afflicted, worried, sad mugmara pl. -t a hazardous, or
gamada i u (gamd) to sheathe, put into the foolhardy, undertaking; adventure; risk,
scabbard ( the sword); to plunge, threat ( hazard
the sword into s.o.s breast); to gmir overflowing, all-engulfing,
encompass, shelter, protect, cover ( s.o., all-encompassing; plentiful, copious,
bi-ramatih with His grace; of abundant; desolate, waste, empty (land)
God) II to conceal s.o.s ( )offenses or
shortcomings IV to sheathe, put into the magmr obscure, unknown
scabbard ( the sword) V to encompass, mugmir reckless, foolhardy;
shelter, protect, cover ( s.o., bi- adventurer
ramatih with His grace; of God)
gamaza i (gamz) to feel, touch,
gimd pl. agmd, gumd palpate ( s.o., s.th. with); to make a
sheath, scabbard sign, to signal ( to s.o. with); to beckon
gamara u ( gamra, with ones eyes, wink ( at s.o.); to
gumra) to be plentiful, copious, twinkle, blink ( with ones eyes); to
abundant, abound (water); to overflow slander, calumniate ( or s.o.)
(intr.); -- gamara u (gamr) to flood, ( jarasa) to press the bell button,
inundate ( s.th., s.th. with), overflow ring the bell; ( qantah) to sound
( s.th.); to douse, cover ( s.th., with a s.o. out, probe into s.o., feel s.o.s pulse
liquid), pour a liquid ( )over s.th. ( ;)to VI to signal to one another, wink at one
lay, soak ( s.th. in a liquid); to another VIII to detract ( from s.th.),
immerse, steep, submerge, place, embed ( belittle, decry, disparage ( s.th.)
s.o. s.th. in(to); esp. fig.: in(to) an
 gamza pl. -t sign, signal, hint, gum obscureness, obscurity,
wink (with the eye), twinkle; taunt, gibe ambiguity, abstruseness, reconditeness,
mystery, inscrutability; inexplicability,
gammza dimple
lack of clarity, vagueness, uncertainty,
gamza failing, fault, incertitude
shortcoming, blemish (of character)
guma obscureness, obscurity,
pl. magmiz2 failing, fault, abstruseness, reconditeness
shortcoming. blemish (of character);
agma2 obscurer, more cryptic
weakness, weak spot, s.th. which arouses
doubt, invites comment, taunts, and the gmi pl. gawmi2
like hidden, concealed; obscure, dark,
ambiguous, abstruse, recondite, difficult
gamasa i (gams) to dip, plunge,
steep, immerse, submerse, link ( to comprehend; inscrutable, cryptic(al),
mysterious, enigmatic(al)
s.o., s.th. in) II = I; VII to be dipped, be
plunged, become immersed, be gmi pl. gawmi2
submersed, be sunk; to plunge, throw o.s. unsolved problem, riddle, enigma,
( into) VIII = VII mystery s.o.s innermost
gams ominous, calamitous, thoughts
disastrous gamaa i and gami a (gam) to despise,
hold in contempt, esteem lightly, belittle,
magms immersed ( or in)
undervalue ( s.o.); to be ungrateful ( for
gama i (gam) to esteem lightly, s.th.) ( aqqah) to encroach
belittle, undervalue, despise, hold in upon s.o.s rights, refuse to recognize
contempt ( s.o., s.th.) s.o.s rights
agma2 blear-eyed gamgama to mumble, mutter
gamua u and gamaa u ( gum) gamgama pl. gamgim2 cry,
to be hidden, be concealed, hide; to close battle cry
(eye); to be obscure, dark, abstruse,
gamiqa a (gamaq), gamaqa u and
recondite, difficult to comprehend II to
gamuqa u to be damp, moist, wet
make ( s.th.) obscure, abetruse,
recondite, difficult to comprehend; to gmiq2 dark (color)
close, shut (( ainaihi ones eyes gamlaj fickle, inconstant, unstable
to, over, toward, or in the face of); to
sleep, be asleep gimlj fickle, inconstant, unstable
(jufnah, qa) see IV to blur, dim ( gam i (gamy) to provide with a roof, to
ainaihi s.o.s eye for), make s.o. roof ( a house); pas.: ( gumiya)
blind to; to close, shut ( ones eyes to swoon, faint, lose consciousness II to
to, 684 over, toward. in the face blindfold IV pass. ( ugmiya) to
of); to pretend not to see ( s.th.), feign swoon, faint, lose consciousness
blindness ( to), overlook ( s.th.),
wink, connive ( at); to hear, stand, gamy swoon, faint,
tolerate ( s.th.) unconsciousness
(ainaihi) to close, ones eyes, refuse to I igrm swoon, faint,
see VIII to close, be closed (eye) VIII do.; unconsciousness
to sleep, be asleep
( eg.; pronounced
gum sleep istugummya): labat al-ist.
gama twinkle, blink, wink blindmans buff
in a moment, in a jiffy magmy, mugman alaihi in a
gim twinkle, blink, wink swoon, unconscious
 ganna (1st pers. perf. ganintu) a (gann, (iqtanaa) to have to return empty-handed,
gunna) to speak through the nose, speak with nothing accomplished
with a nasal twang, nasalize magnam pl. magnim2 spoils,
gann nasal pronunciation, booty, loot, prey; gain, profit, advantage,
nasalization benefit
gunna nasal pronunciation, gnim successful
nasalization; (pl. -t) nasal sound, twang; (sliman gniman) approx.: he returned
sound (also, e.g., of complaint, of regret) safe and sound
agann2, f. gann2 nasal; ganiya a (ginan, gan) to be free
melodious, pleasant, sonorous (voice); from want, be rich, wealthy; not to need,
luxuriant, lush, gorgeous (of a garden) be able to spare ( s.o., s.th.), be able to
ganija a (gunj) to coquet, flirt, play the dispense ( with), manage, be able to do
( without), have no need ( for), be in
coquette (woman) V do.
no need ( of) II to sing ( or s.th.,
gunj coquetry, flirtation, dalliance, to s.o. s.th.), chant ( or. s.th.); to sing the
coquettish behavior praises ( of s.o.), eulogize, extol ( s.o.)
ganija coquettish, flirtatious IV to make free from want, make rich,
(woman); a coquette enrich ( s.o.); to suffice ( or , s.o. or for
s.o.), be sufficient, be enough, be
mignj coquettish, flirtatious adequate, do ( or for s.o.), be of use,
II tagandara to play the dandy, act like a be of help ( or to s.o.), avail, profit,
fop benefit, help ( or s.o.); to satisfy,
content ( s.o.); to be a substitute or set
gundur fat, plump, chubby off ( to s.o.), make dispensable or
gundr pl. gandira (eg.) superfluous ( for s.o. s.th.); to make up
dandy, fop 685 ( for s.th.), be a substitute ( for s.th.);
to dispense, free, relieve ( s.o. of
( eg.) gundaqg armorer, gunsmith
s.th.), spare, save ( s.o. s.th.); to
gangarn gangrene (med.) protect, guard, help ( s.o. against)
ganima a (gunm, ganm, ganam, )( to be of no use, be of no
ganma) to gain booty; to take as avail (to s.o.); ( yugn) it is of no
(war) booty, capture, gain, obtain ( use at all ( to s.o.), it doesnt help (
s.th.); to pillage, plunder, sack, loot II to s.o.) a bit, it isnt worth a farthing V to
give (in a disinterested manner) ( to s.o. sing, chant ( s.th.); to sing the praises (
s.th.), bestow ( on s.o. s.th.), grant ( or of s.o., of s.th.); to eulogize, praise,
s.o. s.th.) IV to give as booty ( to s.o. extol ( s.o.) VIII to become rich, gain
s.th.) VIII to take as (war) booty, capture ( riches ( by) X to become rich; not to
s.th.) ( fura) to seize, or need, be able to spare ( s.o., s.th.), he
take, the opportunity, avail o.s. of the able to dispense ( with), manage, be
opportunity X = able to do ( without), have no need (
for), be in no need ( of); to get by, do,
gunm spoils, booty, loot, prey; gain, manage, be satisfied ( with)
profit, advantage, benefit (yustagn) indispensable
ganam (coll.) pl. agnam sheep ginan wealth, affluence, riches
(and goats), small cattle indispensable ( for);
gannm shepherd he cannot dispense with it, he cannot do
without it; he can dispense
ganma pl. ganim2 spoils, with it, he does not need it;
booty, loot, prey easy prey; to forgo, renounce s.th., dispense with
( rin, iyb) (content with s.th., be in no need of s.th., not to need
returning without booty, i.e.) glad to have s.th., need not do s.th.
saved one's skin;
 gunya, ginya: = ) )gra u (gaur) to penetrate deeply (
( ginan) into); -- gra u a (gaur) to fall in, link in,
become hollow (eyes, and the like); to
gany pl. agniy rich ( in),
seep away. ooze away (water); to dry up
wealthy, prosperous, well-to-do
(spring) II to fall in, link in, become
g. al-glarb war profiteer;
hollow (eyes, and the like); to seep away,
(bayn) self-evident, self-explanatory; it is
ooze away (water) IV to travel in the
self-evident, it goes without saying (
lowlands; to make a predatory incursion,
that) 686 gan wealth, affluence,
make a foray ( into s.o.s territory); to
riches; sufficiency, adequacy; ability,
raid, invade ( a country); to attack (
capability; use, avail, usefulness, utility (
s.o., s.th.); to commit aggression (
for) ( gana) useless; it is
against a nation)
insufficient, inadequate, not enough, it is
no good, it is to little avail, it is of little gaur pl. agwr bottom;
use; ( ganun), he declivity, depression; depth (also fig.);
can dispense with it, he does not need it designation of that part of the Syrian
Graben which constitutes the Jordan
gin singing, song
valley deep; profound,
gin singing-, song- (in unfathomable
compounds), vocal ( afla)
gar pl. agwr, grn
song recital, concert of vocal music
cave, cavern; -- (coll.; n. un. )laurel tree,
gann2 see bay
ugnya (ignya), ugniya (igniya) pl. gara pl. -t predatory incursion,
-t, agnin song, melody, tune, lay raid, invasion, inroad, foray; attack (
magnan pl. magnin on); a certain gait of camels
habitation; (eg.) villa (jawwya) air raid; or
(mutawila, mutawliya) rolling attacks,
gniya pl. -t, gawnin pretty attacks in waves; ( anna) to
girl, beautiful woman, belle, beauty attack s.o. or s.th., launch an attack on
mugannin (male) singer, vocalist, magr cave, cavern; grotto
chanter
magra pl. -t, magwir2,
muganniya (female) singer, magyir2 cave, cavern; grotto
vocalist, songstress, chanteuse
2
migwr pl. magawr2 fleet,
gaihab pl. gayhib darkness, dark, swift-running (horse); making raids or
duskiness; gloom attacks, raiding, aggressive; bold, daring,
IV to help, succor ( s.o.), go to the aid ( audacious; pl. commandos, shock
of s.o.) X to appeal for help ( or to troops (Syr., mil.)
s.o., against), seek the aid ( or of igra pl. -t attack ( on)
s.o., against); to call for help
gir low-lying; sunk, hollow (of
gaut call for help; help, aid, succor the eyes)
giyt/ help. aid, succor mugr assailant, raider, aggressor
igta/help, aid, succor gurill gorilla
(>) ) li-l-umami l-
muttada) United Nations Relief and look up alphabetically
Works Agency, UNRWA ( eg.) guwa pl. -t, gawyi2
istigta appeal for aid; call for glass bracelet, bangle
help ) )ga u (gau, mag,
mugt helper giy, giya) to plunge ( into),
become immersed, submerge ( in), dive
( into; for); to practice pearl-fishery
 II to make ( s.o.) dive ( into), plunge, astray ( s.o.); to tempt, seduce, entice,
immerse, submerse ( s.o. in) lure, bait, ensnare, beguile, win ( s.o.
with)
gaw deep
gawwa pl. -n diver; pearl diver gayy trespassing, transgression,
offense, error, sin; seduction, temptation,
gawwa pl. -t submarine enticement, allurement
mag diving place gayya, gya pl. -t error, sin; taste,
m. al-lulu pearl diving, pearl-fishery inclination, liking
1
II to deepen, make deeper ( a well) V to gawya error, sin; seduction,
evacuate the bowels, relieve nature temptation, enticement, allurement
gau pl. g, agw, ugwiya pl. agwy pitfall,
giy, gn cavity, hollow, trap
depression
igw seduction, temptation,
al-ga name of the fertile oasis enticement, allurement
on the south side of Damascus
gwin tempter, seducer, enticer,
gaw deep allurer; (pl. guwh) amateur, fan,
gi human excrements, feces lover, dilettante, dabbler
2
g Gothic mugawwh pl.
mugawwayt pitfall, trap
gga mob, rabble, riffraff; noise, clamor,
din, tumult II to hoist ( a flag)

gaug2 mob, rabble, riffraff; gya pl. -t extreme limit; utmost

noise, clamor, din, tumult degree, the outmost, extremity; aim, goal,
end, objective, intention, intent, design,
) )gla u (gaul) to take (away) purpose, destination (of a journey)
unawares, snatch, seize, grab ( s.o., (with foll. genit.) as far as, up to, to the
s.th.); to destroy ( s.o.) VIII = I; to extent of, until, till; extremely, very
assassinate, murder ( s.o.) (much); ( gyatan,
gl pl. -t (syr.) padlock jaml) to be of extraordinary beauty;
( tubarriru l-wsitata) the end
gl usually fem., pl. agwl, justifies the means; to head or
gln ghoul, a desert demon set out for ones destination
appearing in ever varying shapes; demon,
jinni, goblin, sprite; ogre, cannibal; and see
calamity, disaster O gya finality (philos.)
gla assassination ) )gba i (gaib, gaiba,
(glatan) to assassinate s.o. giyb, gaibba, magb) to be
igtiy1 pl. -t murder(ing), or remain absent, be or stay away; to
assassination absent o.s. withdraw ( from), leave (
s.o., s.th.); to vanish ( from s.o.s sight,
gila pl. gawil2 calamity, from s.o., from s.th.); to disappear, be
disaster; ruin, havoc, danger swallowed up ( in); to hide, be hidden,
gaw i ( gayy, gawya) to stray be concealed ( from); -- ( magb) to
from the right way, go astray, err (in ones set, go down (sun, and the like)
actions); to misguide, mislead, lead astray the matter has slipped from
( s.o.), seduce, tempt, entice, lure, induce his memory, he has forgotten the matter;
( s.o. to do s.th.); gawiya a to covet, ( awbih) to lose
desire, like II to misguide, mislead, lead consciousness, faint, swoon, become
astray, tempt, seduce, entice, lure, allure ( unconscious; do.;
s.o.) IV = II X to misguide, mislead, lead ( amsu) it is not veiled in darkness
II to lead away, take away, carry away,
remove ( s.o., s.th.); to cause ( s.o.,
s.th.) to disappear; to hide, conceal (
s.o., s.th. from); to make ( s.o.) forget
everything, make ( s.o.) oblivious of
everything it drove him
out of his mind; ( tar) the earth
covered, or buried, him V to be absent, be
away, stay away ( from s.o., from s.th.);
to be not present, be not there; to play
truant, play hooky ( from school) VIII
to slander, calumniate ( s.o.) X to use
s.o.s ( )absence for maligning him,
backbite ( s.o.); to slander, calumniate (
s.o.)
gaib absence; hidden, concealed,
invisible; -- (pl. guyb) that which is
hidden, the invisible; that which is
transcendental, the supernatural; divine
secret gaiban or ( ahri
l-g.) by heart, from memory;
allm al-g. he who thoroughly knows the
invisible, or transcendental, things = God;
lam al-g. the invisible world;
bi-ahri l-g. behind s.o.s back,
insidiously, treacherously;
(bi-aini l-g.) to foresee, foreknow, divine
s.th.
gaib secret, hidden, invisible
gba pl. -t, gb (coll.) low
ground, depression, hollow; forest, wood,
copse, thicket; jungle; reed
(hind) bamboo
gaiba absence; concealment,
invisibility
gba slander, calumniation,
calumny
giyb absence, being away; setting
(of the sun)
giyb: ( ukm) judgment
by default (jur.); giybyan in
absence, in absentia (jur.)
gayba pl. -t bottom, depth (of a
well, of a dungeon, of a ditch, and the
like)
gaibba swoon, faint,
unconsciousness; trance, daze, stupor
magb absence; setting (of the
sun)
tagayyub absence, nonattendance,
being away, staying away, truancy
igtiyb slander, calumniation,
defamation; gossip about (genit.)
gib pl. -n, guyyab,
guyyb absent, not present, not there;
hidden, concealed, unseen, invisible; third
person (gram.)
mugayyibt narcotics,
stupefacients, anesthetics
mugayyab hidden, concealed,
invisible; pl. al-mugayyabt the
hidden, transcendental things, the divine
secrets 689
mugib and woman whose
husband is absent, grass widow
mutagayyib absent ( from)
mugtb slanderer, calumniator
ghetto
) )gaja i (gait) to water with rain (
s.th.), send rain ( , upon s.o. upon s.th.,
of God)
gait pl. guyt, agyt
(abundant) rain
VI to walk with a graceful, swinging gait
gayad delicacy, slender shapeliness,
tenderness, softness (of a woman)
gda pl. -t young girl, young lady
agyd2, gaid 2, gd
young and delicate; the young ladies
) )gra a ( gaira) to be jealous (
of); to display zeal, vie ( for); to be
solicitous ( about. for); to guard or
protect jealously ( s.o., s.th. from) II
to alter, modify, make different ( or
s.th.), change ( s.th.) III to be dissimilar,
be different, differ; to be in contrast ( ,
to), be unlike s.o. or s.th. ( , ;)to change
( e.g., a garment); to interchange,
exchange ( between); to haggle,
bargain, chaffer ( with s.o.); to vie,
compete ( with s.o.) IV to make jealous (
s.o.) V to be altered, be modified, be
changed, change, alter, vary, undergo an
alteration or change VI to differ, be
different, be heterogeneous
 gair other than (with dependent
genit.), different from, unlike, no, not,
non-, un-, in-, dis-; (prep.) gaira except,
save, but the others, fellow men,
neighbors; and the like, and
so forth, and so on, et cetera; and others,
and other things, et alii, et alia; and
( gairu) (and) thats all, nothing
else, no more, nothing but, only, merely,
solely; gaira anna except that ...,
however, but, yet, ...though; gaira
widin more than one, several;
gaira marratin, more than once, quite
often, frequently; bi-gairi or
gairi without; ( ( f gairi (m)
without (generally followed
by abstract noun), ( tarawwin) gai pl. gn field
without thinking, unhesitatingly;
( tahayyubin) without fear; ) )ga i (gai) to anger, enrage,
( marifatin) or infuriate, irritate, exasperate, vex, gall (
(ilmin) without his knowing or having
known it, without his knowledge,
unwittingly
gair altruist
gairya altruism
giyar, g. ad-dahr
vicissitudes of fate
gaira jealously; zeal, fervor,
earnest concern, vigilant care, solicitude (
for); sense of honor, self-respect
gayr pl. guyur (very) jealous;
zealous, fervid, eager ( in, in the
pursuit of), keen, eagerly intent ( on),
earnestly concerned ( with),
enthusiastic ( for)
gairn2, f. gair, pl. ) )gma i (gaim) to become cloudy,
gayra =
tagyr pl. -t changing, alteration,
modification, variation; change,
replacement, relief
tagyra pl. tagyr2 exchange,
interchange, change, replacement; lending
of books and manuscripts sheet by sheet
(one malzama after the other; eg.)
giyr exchange, interchange,
change, replacement; (pl. -t) dressing,
bandage (of a wound) qia al-
g. spare parts
tagayyur pl. -t alteration,
variation, change
mugyir: indecent,
immoral
mutagayyir changeable, variable,
liable to change or alteration
(tayyr) alternating current (el.)
( ( ga i (gai, mag)
to decrease, diminish, recede, become
less, dwindle away ( launuh)
his face lost all color, he turned pale
gai prematurely born fetus
gaia pl. -t, giy,
agy thicket, jungle
s.o.) II and IV = I; V to become
furious, become angry ( with s.o., at
s.th.) VII and VIII = V
gai wrath, anger, ire, exasperation,
fury, rage
igtiy wrath, anger, ire,
exasperation, fury, rage
mung angry, irate, furious,
enraged
mugt angry, irate, furious,
enraged
1
gl pl. agyl thicket
gl pl. -t (syr.) padlock
2
gla and gln see
become overcast (sky); to become fogged,
become blurred II do.; to form clouds; to
billow, float, waft (smoke) IV agma and
agyama = I
gaim (coll.; n. un. )pl. guym
giym clouds; mist, fog
gim clouded, overcast; cloudy
mutagayyim clouded, overcast
1
gain pl. -t, guyn, agyn name
of the letter
gaina dimple on the cheek
2
gn: ( kinzr) guinea pig
 gniya Guinea Gniy fas f., pl. fus, afus ax,
l-jadda New Guinea hatchet; hoe
1
see fs = fas
2
fs2 Fez or Fs (city in Morocco)
fist fascist(ic); a fascist
fistya fascism
f fascist(ic); a fascist
1
abbreviation of faddn (a square fya fascism
measure)
2 fliy (eg.-syr.) common European
fa (conj.) then, and then; and so, thus, bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.; bot.)
hence, therefore; but then, then however;
for, because; (with subjective:) so that fafaa to stammer, stutter
( yauman) day after day, day by ( Fr. wagon) fkn pl. fawkn2
day; ( aian) gradually, step by (railroad) car, coach
step; ( fa-qatalhu) he ordered him
to be killed VI to regard as a good omen, as an
auspicious beginning ( s.th.); to be
fa-inna (with foll. suffix or noun in optimistic
acc.) for, because
fal pl. ful, aful good
name of the letter omen, favorable auspice; optimistic
fbrqa and pl. -t, fabrik2 outlook, hope; omen, auspice, sign
factory, plant to tell fortunes, predict the future
VIII to tell lies ( about); to take violent taful optimism
measures ( against); to violate ( a mutafil optimistic; optimist
duty, etc.); pass. uftuita to 691 die
suddenly ( bi-rayih) to act on ( Fr. valse) vals waltz
ones own judgment fldaj a sweet made of flour and honey
iftit oppression, violence fldaj soft and flabby, like
( It. fattura) ftra pl. fawtr 2 fldaj
invoice, bill fim group (of people)
al-ftkn, al-vatikn the Vatican fa-inna see 2 fa
fud pl. afida heart fanella and pl. -t flannel; undershirt;
fudya Fuad cap, summer pl. fanellt underwear,
field-cup of the Egyptian Air Force (1939) underclothing
far (coll.; n. un. )pl. firn mouse; fns pl. fawns2 lantern
rat ( sir) laterna magica, magic
lantern; (slide) projector
fr (coll.; n. un. )pl. frn mouse; rat
fia pl. -t group, class; troop, band, party;
fra (= fara) mouse; (pl. -t) platoon (of light arms; Syr., mil.); rate (of
plane (tool) taxation), (tax) bracket; tax, rate, fee;
fris2 Persia, also price
fris Persian; a Persian fwarqa pl. fawrq2 factory plant
frz turquoise fyi (= )see
fazln, vazln vazeline fabryir February
fabrik2 (pl.) factories, plants
 fatta u (fatt) to weaken, undermine, sap ( opening; introduction,
s.th.) or ( audih) commencement, beginning
to weaken s.o., sap s.o.s strength, opening of a credit, presentation of a letter
discourage, enervate s.o. II to crumble, of credit; -- (pl. fut, futt)
fritter ( s.th.); to divide into small conquest; victory, triumph; pl.
fragments ( s.th.) ) ) alms; donations, contributions (for a
(qalba) heartbreaking, heart-rending V to zwiya; Tun.)
crumble, disintegrate, break up into the vowel point a (gram.)
fragments VII = V 692
futa pl. futa, -t opening,
fatta a kind of bread soup
aperture, breach, gap, hole; sluice
futt crumbs, morsels fatt opener (of the gates of profit,
fatt crumbs, crumbled bread of sustenance; one of the attributes of
God)
fatta a kind of bread soup
fataa a and fatia a (with negation) not fatta pl. -t can opener
to cease, to be ( s.th.); fatia a ( mift pl. maft2 key (to a
fat) to desist, refrain ( from), cease ( door, of a keyboard, esp. that of a piano);
doing s.th.), stop ( s.th., doing s.th.) switch (el., railroad); lever, pedal (of a
not to cease doing, do incessantly vehicle); knob (on a radio); stop (of a
fataa a (fat) to open ( s.th.); to wind instrument); valve (of a trumpet);
turn on ( a faucet); to switch on, turn on peg, pin (of a stringed instrument)
( an apparatus); to dig ( a canal); to miftj (railroad) switchman
build ( a road) ; to open, preface,
muftaa opening of a
introduce, begin ( s.th.); to conquer,
conversation
capture ( s.th.); to reveal, disclose (
to s.o. s.th.); to grant victory or success ( iftit opening, inauguration;
to s.o. over or in s.th.; of God), give introduction, beginning lailat
into s.o.s ( )power ( s.th.; of God); to al-ift. premire, opening night
open the gates (of profit) ( to s.o.; of iftit opening, introductory,
God); to infuse, imbue, inspire, endow ( preliminary, prefatory, proemial;
or s.o. with; of God); (gram.) to inaugurational ( mablag)
pronounce with the vowel a ( a opening bid, lowest bid (at auctions);
consonant) ( bakta) to tell ( )( fal, maql) and
fortunes; ( ainaihi) to (maqla) editorial, leading article, leader;
open ones eyes wide, stare wide-eyed; ( laila) premire, opening night
( ahyata) to stimulate the appetite II
to open ( s.th.); (of a dower) to open III iftiftya editorial, leading
to address first ( s.o.), speak first ( to article, leader; overture (mus.)
s.o.); to open the conversation or talk ( istift start, beginning,
with s.o. about); to disclose ( or to commencement, inception, incipience;
s.o. s.th.), let s.o. ( )in on s.th. ( or )V earnest money, handsel
to open, open up, unfold (intr.); to be
opened ( so that s.th. becomes fti opener; beginner; conqueror,
perceptible); to be open, be responsive victor; light (color) f. al-bakt
(heart) VII to open, open up, unfold fortuneteller; light-blue 693
(intr.); to be opened VIII to open, ftia pl. fawti2 start,
inaugurate ( s.th.); to introduce, preface, opening, beginning, commencement,
begin ( s.th. with); to conquer, capture inception, incipience; introduction,
( s.th.) X to begin, start, commence ( preface, preamble, proem or
s.th.); to seek the assistance of God ( name of the first sura
against), implore God for victory (
over)
 maft opened, open about, after), look, search ( for); to
( miraihi) the door is wide supervise, superintend, control, inspect (
open or s.o., s.th.); to be in charge,
exercise supervision, control, or
mufatta appetizing; (pl. -t)
inspection ( of)
aperitif
fatt thorough examiner,
muftata start, beginning,
investigator, explorer, researcher
commencement, inception, opening,
inauguration taft pl. taft2
2 examination, scrutiny, searching, search;
fatara u ( futr) to abate, subside; to
investigation; inquiry, research,
become listless, become languid, languish,
exploration; supervision, superintendence,
flag, slacken; to cool off, become tepid,
control, charge; inspection; survey,
become lukewarm (water); to slacken,
review; controlling body, board of control;
flag, become lax, become remiss, let up (
inquisition; circle of irrigation, irrigation
in) II to cause ( s.th.) to subside,
district, also t. ar-ry (Eg.)
abate, allay, mitigate, ease, soothe (
( jaww) aerial inspection
s.th.); to make languid, make listless,
exhaust, slacken. weaken, sap, enfeeble ( taft investigational,
s.o., s.th.); to make tepid ( water) IV investigatory, examining, examinatory
to make languid, make listless, exhaust, mufatti inspector, supervisor
Blacken, weaken, sap, enfeeble ( s.o., ( baiar) veterinary inspector
s.th.) V to become listless, become (Eg.); m. ar-ry irrigation
languid, languish, flag, slacken; to become inspector (Eg.)
tepid, become lukewarm (water)
mufattiya inspectorate
fitr pl. aftr small span (the
space between the end of the thumb and fatfata to speak secretly ( to); to fritter,
the end of the index finger when crumble ( s.th., esp. bread)
extended); corner fatfta pl. fatft2 crumb,
fatra lassitude, languor, morsel (esp. of bread)
listlessness, slackness, weakness, fataqa u (fatq) to undo the sewing (
feebleness, debility; tepidity, indifference, of s.th., e.g., of a garment), unsew,
coolness (of a feeling); -- (pl. fatart) unstitch, rip, rip open, tear apart, rend,
interval of time, intermission, pause; slash, slit 694 open ( s.th.),
period, spell, while transition (dihna) to make s.o. see his way clear,
period; ( wa-ukr) now and cause s.o. to see things in their true light;
then, from time to time; at ( lata) necessity is the
certain intervals, now and then, off and mother of invention; futiqat
on, once in a while lah latun a ruse came to his mind II to
futr lassitude, languor, unsew, unstitch, rip, tear, etc. (= I; s.th.)
listlessness, slackness, laxity, slackening, V to be unsewn, be unstitched (e.g., a
flagging; tepidity garment), be ripped open, be torn apart, be
rent, be slashed, be slit open; to bring
ftir languid, weak, feeble, listless,
forth, produce ( s.th.); to hatch,
slack, loose, flabby; dull, listsless,
contrive, devise ( s.th., fig., of the
stagnant (stock exchange); tepid,
mind) VII to be unsewn, be unstitched
lukewarm
(e.g., a garment), be ripped open, be torn
mutafattir intermittent apart, be rent, be slashed, be slit open; to
2
pl. look up alphabetically bring forth, produce ( s.th.)

II to examine (thoroughly), scrutinize, fatq pl. futq rip, rent, tear,

search, investigate, explore ( s.th.); to cleft, crack, fissure, slit, slash; hole (e.g.,
look, search ( into s.th.); to inquire ( in a stocking); hernia, rupture (med.)
 ( mub) afflicted with hernia;
person suffering from hernia
fitq hernia, rupture (med.)
fatq unstitched, ripped, ripped
open, slit, rent, torn; sharp
maftq unstitched, ripped, ripped
open, slit, rent, torn; afflicted with hernia
fataka u i (fatk) to assassinate, murder,
slay, kill ( s.o.), destroy, annihilate (
s.th.); to attack suddenly, assault ( s.o.)
( fatkan daran) to cut off, futina to be charmed, be enraptured, be
destroy, wipe out, eradicate, extirpate,
exterminate s.o.; to decimate, thin the
ranka of ... (esp., said of a disease)
fatk assassination, murder;
destruction, annihilation
fatka pl. -t devastation, ravage,
havoc
fattk deadly, lethal, murderous; of
disastrous effect, wreaking havoc ( on)
aftak2 deadlier, more destructive
ftik pl. futtk assassin,
murderer, killer
fatala i (fatl) to twist together, twine,
entwine, plait, throw ( s.th.); to spin (
s.th.) II to twist, twine, wreathe, wind,
weave, plait ( s.th.); to splice ( a rope)
V to be twisted, be twined, be plaited, be
woven, be wound VII = V; to turn on
ones heel and leave, turn away ( from)
to slip out the door
fatla (n. vic.) twist(ing), twining,
plaiting; (eg.; pl. fital) thread
( lamma) to make off, make a
getaway, beat it
fatl twisted, twined, entwined,
plaited, wreathed, wound, woven, coiled;
-- (pl. -t, fatil) wick; gauze
tampon; fuse, slow match, match cord
( yugn) it is of no use at all ( to enamored ( of), in love ( with);
s.o.), it wont help him ( )a bit, it isnt
worth a farthing; ( yujd) = ( and ( fatiya a ( fat) to be
fatla pl. -t, fatil2 wick; O formal legal opinion ( to s.o. in or
filament of a light bulb
fattl ropemaker, cordmaker
maftl strapping, sturdy, husky;
(watch) tower (Nejd)
muscular, brawny, strong, husky, burly
falana i (fatn, futn) to turn away (
s.o. from); to subject to temptations or
trials, seduce, tempt, entice, allure, beguile
( s.o.); to enamor, charm, enchant,
captivate, enthrall, enrapture, fascinate,
infatuate (. s.o.); -- fatana i (fatn) to
torture, torment ( s.o.); to denounce (
s.o.), inform ( against s.o.); pass.
infatuated ( by), be enamored ( of), be
in love ( with); to be crazy ( over), be
like mad ( after) IV to enamor,
charm, enchant, captivate, enthrall,
enrapture, fascinate, infatuate ( s.o.) VIII
to subject to temptations ( s.o.); to be
charmed, be tempted, be infatuated; act.
iftatana and pass. uftutina: to be subjected
to temptations, be lead from the right
course; pass. uftutina = futina
fitna pl. fitan temptation, trial;
charm, charmingness, attractiveness;
enchantment, captivation, fascination,
enticement, temptation; infatuation;
intrigue; sedition, riot, discord, dissension,
civil strife
fattn fascinating, captivating,
enchanting, charming; tempter, seducer;
denunciator, informer, slanderer
;jil alu.,, more charming, more
attractive, more delightful
maftin2 charming qualities;
charms; magic powers
ftin pl. fawtin2 tempting,
alluring, seductive, fascinating,
captivating, enchanting, charming;
tempter, seducer
maftn fascinated, captivated,
infatuated, enraptured, charmed ( by);
madman, maniac
youthful, young, adolescent IV to give a
regarding; Isl. Law); to furnish ( s.o.)
with information ( about), expound, set
forth ( to s.o. s.th.); to deliver an
opinion ( about), decide by a legal
 opinion ( for or in favor of s.th.), state as
a (legal) opinion ( that) X to ask ( s.o.)
for a formal legal opinion ( in or
regarding; Isl. Law); to ask ( s.o.) for a
formal opinion ( about), request
information ( of s.o. about), seek s.o.s
( )counsel ( in, about), consult ( s.o.
in, about), ask s.o.s ( )opinion ( about)
fatan pl. futyn, fitya youth,
adolescent, juvenile, young man; slave;
hero; pl. young people, adolescents,
juveniles
fath pl. fatayt young woman,
(young) girl
fat youth, adolescence
faty youthful, juvenile, adolescent,
young
fatya youthfulness, juvenility
fatw pl. fatwin, fatw fuj sudden, unexpected,
futwa, formal legal opinion (Isl. Law)
futy formal legal opinion (Isl. Law)
futwa youth, adolescence; the
totality of the noble, chivalrous qualities
of a man, noble manliness, magnanimity,
generosity, nobleheartedness, chivalry;
designation of Islamic brotherhoods of the
Middle Ages, governed by chivalrous
precepts; name of several youth
organizations in Arabic countries; (eg.; pl.
-t) bully, brawler. rowdy, tough;
racketeer (eg.)
ift deliverance of formal legal
opinions (Isl. Law); office of mufti (Isl.
Law); deliverance of formal opinions,
advising, advice, counseling
istift request for a formal legal
opinion (Isl. Law); consulting,
consultation; referendum, plebiscite, also
ist. a-ab and burst forth; to explode, detonate; to
(ab)
muftin pl. fl" deliverer of formal
legal oplnions (Isl. Law); official
expounder of Islamic law, mufti
( mirya) Grand Mufti of start; (f.) morning prayer (Isl. Law)
Egypt; samat al-m. (title of a
mufti) His Eminence the Mufti
fataa a ( fat) to quench, still ( s.th.,
hunger, thirst, also fig.) 696
fajja u (fajj): ( rijlaihi) to straddle IV
to stride, hurry
fajj pl. fijj way, road between
two mountains or
( wa-aubin) from all sides, from all
directions, from everywhere
fijj unripe, green (fruit); blunt, rude
(speech)
fajaa and fajia a ( faj, faja,
fuja) and III to come suddenly,
descend unexpectedly ( upon s.o.),
confront ( s.o.) suddenly or unexpectedly,
take ( s.o.) by surprise, surprise ( s.o.
with), attack, assail ( s.o.)
fajatan suddenly, unexpectedly,
inadvertently, unawares
fujatan suddenly, unexpectedly,
inadvertently, unawares
surprising
mufjaa pl. mufjat
surprise
fji sudden, unexpected,
surprising
mufji sudden, unexpected,
surprising; pl. surprising events,
surprises
fajara u (fajr) to cleave, break up, dig up (
e.g., the ground); -- ( fujr) to act
immorally, sin, live licentiously, lead a
dissolute life, indulge in debauchery; to
commit adultery II to create an outlet or
passage ( for water, and the like), let (
water, and the like) flow or pour forth; to
split, cleave ( s.th.); to explode ( s.th.)
IV to commit adultery V to gush out, spurt
forth, break forth, break out, erupt, burst
out VII = V; to go off, discharge, burst; to
overflow ( with); to descend suddenly,
break in, rush in, swoop down ( upon)
fajr dawn, daybreak, morning
twilight; dawn (fig.), beginning, outset,
fujr immorality, iniquity,
depravation, dissolution, debauchery,
licentiousness, profligacy, dissolute life,
fornication, whoredom
 tafajjur outbreak, outburst,
eruption
infijr pl. -t outbreak, outburst, ) )faj u (fajw) to open ( door)
eruption; explosion, detonation
mawdd al-inf. explosives
infijr explosive, blasting (adj.)
fjir pl. fujjr, fajara faa u i (fa, fa) to hiss (snake),
libertine, profligate, debauchee, rou,
rake; adulterer; liar; insolent, impudent,
shameless, brazen
fjira pl. fawjir2 adulteress; abominable, atrocious, obscene, indecent,
whore, harlot
mutafajjir explosive, blasting
(adj.)
munfajir explosive, blasting (adj.)
fajaa a (faj) to inflict suffering
and grief ( upon s.o.), afflict, distress (
s.o.); to make miserable ( s.o., by
bereaving him of s.o.) fujia bi-
waladih he was stricken by the death of
his eon II to torment, torture, distress,
grieve ( s.o., s.th.) V to be or become
painfully affected, be mentally distressed
faja gluttony
faja gluttony
faj painful, grievous, trying,
distressing
faja pl. faji2 misfortune, loathsome, abominable, atrocious,
calamity, disaster 697
fajn voracious, insatiable;
glutton, ravenous eater
tafajju agony, mental distress,
affliction, suffering, grief
fji painful, grievous, trying,
distressing
fjia pl. fawji misfortune,
diluter, calamity; catastrophe; drama,
tragedy
mufajjit horrors, terrors
tafajana to eat greedily, ravenously, be
gluttonous
fajana gluttony
fajfaja garrulous, loquacious; thoughtless
chatterer, windbag; braggart, boaster,
swaggerer
fujl (coll.; n. un. )pl. fujl radish
(Raphanus sativus L.; bot.)
fajwa pl. fajawt, fij
opening, aperture, breach, gap, interstice;
(horisontal) tombstone
whistle (storm)
faua u (fu) to be monstrous; to be
excessive, exorbitant; to be detestable,
foul, shameless, impudent IV to use
obscene language; to commit atrocities VI
= I and IV
fu monstrosity; abominableness,
atrocity; obscenity, indecency; obscene
language
fa2 monstrosity, abomination,
atrocity, vile deed, crime; adultery,
fornication, whoredom
fa obscene, lewd, shameless
in speech or action
pornography
tafu monstrosity,
abominableness
fi monstrous; immoderate,
excessive, exorbitant, absurd,
preposterous, nonsensical; detestable,
repugnant, disgusting; dirty, foul, vile,
indecent, obscene; shameless, impudent
fia harlot, whore, prostitute; --
(pl. fawi2) monstrosity,
abomination, atrocity, vile deed, crime;
adultery, fornication, whoredom
mufia harlot, whore
faaa a (fa) to scratch up (
the ground); to examine ( s.o., also
medically, s.th.), test ( s.o., s.th.),
investigate ( s.th.), scrutinize (, s.o.,
s.th.); to search ( for), inquire (
about, into s.th.), seek information (
about) V to search ( for), inquire (
about, into s.th.), seek information (
about); to examine ( s.th., s.o.,
medically)
fa pl. fu test;
examination (in general, school, medical);
 (medical) checkup; investigation, scrutiny;
search, inquiry
uf pl. af2 dugout
hollow in the ground in which a bird lays
ito eggs, nesting place, breeding place
X to become dreadful, terrible,
momentous, serious, difficult ( for s.o.;
affair), to get out of control, become
excessive, become irreparable (damage)
fal pl. ful, fula
male (of large animals), stallion;
outstanding personality, luminary, star,
698 master; a paragon (of) in), boast ( of s.th.), brag ( of). vaunt
(uar) the master poets
fula excellence, perfection
istifl dreadfulness,
terribleness, gravity, seriousness;
difficulty
mustafil dreadful, terrible;
grave, serious; difficult; overwhelming,
overpowerful, rampant, spreading
dangerously
fauma u ( fum, I say this without boasting
fuma) to be or become black; -- faama
a (fam) to be dumfounded, nonplused,
unable to answer II to blacken (with
charcoal), make black ( s.o. s.th.); to
char, carbonize, reduce to charcoal (
s.th.) IV to dumfound, nonplus, strike
dumb ( s.o.); to silence ( s.o.) with
arguments; to put ( s.o.) off brusquely,
give s.o. ( )the brush-off
fam (coll.; n. un. )charcoal(s);
coal(s); pl. fumt coals, brands
of coal ( ajar) soft coal,
bituminous coal; aab charcoal;
briquettes; ( kk) coke
fama pl. faamt lump of coal
f. al-lail deep-black night; -- (pl.
fim, fum) blackness
fam black, coal-black
fam black
fam coal merchant, coal dealer;
collier, miner
fim black aswad or
f. as-sawd coal, black, pitch,
black, jet-black
faw or faw2 sense, meaning,
signification, import; purport, tenor (of a
letter, of a speech, etc.)
fakk pl. fakkk, fukk: trap, snare
fakata a (fakt) to perforate, pierce ( s.th.)
fakid, fakd, fikd f., pl. afkd thigh; leg
(of mutton, etc.); (m.) subdivision of a
tribe
fakda leg (of mutton, etc.)
fakid, fakd femoral
fakara a (fakr, fakar, fakr) to glory (
( s.th.); to pride o.s. ( upon), be proud (
of); -- fakira a (falfa,) to despise,
disdain III to vie in glory ( with s.o.); to
be proud ( of), pride o.s. ( upon), boast
( before s.o. of) V to be proud, haughty
VI and VIII = I fakara X to find ( s.th.)
excellent
fakr glory, pride; honor;
vainglorious poetry (as a literary genre)
gaira fakrin or wa-l fakra
fakr honorary, honoris causa
fukra glory, pride
fakr glory, pride
fakr vainglorious, boastful,
bragging; proud ( of)
fakr boasting, bragging,
swaggering, boastful
fakkr (fired) clay; earthenware,
crockery, pottery
fakkr potters earthen; potter
fkra pottery, earthenware
manufactory
fkr potter
afkar2 more splendid, more
magnificent
mafkara pl. mafkir2 object
of pride, s.th. to bout of; glorious deed,
exploit, feat; glorious trait or quality 699
mufkara boasting, bragging,
vainglory, pride
tafkur boasting, bragging,
vainglory
 iftikr pride, vainglory, boasting,
bragging
fkir proud, vainglorious, boastful,
bragging; outstanding, excellent, first-rate,
perfect, splendid, superb, glorious,
magnificent; sumptuous, de luxe
mufkir boastful, vainglorious,
proud
muftakir proud, vainglorious,
boastful, bragging; outstanding, excellent,
first-rate, perfect, splendid, superb,
glorious, magnificent; sumptuous, de luxe
fakfaka to be boastful, vainglorious; to
boast, brag
fakfaka ostentation, showiness,
pageantry, pomp
fakuma u ( fakma) to be stately,
imposing, splendid, magnificent, grand II
to intensify ( s.th.); to honor, treat with
respect ( s.o.), show deference ( to); to
pronounce emphatically, make emphatic (
a consonant)
fakm stately, imposing, splendid,
superb, magnificent, grand, grandiose
fakma stateliness, imposingness,
imposing appearance; splendor,
magnificence, eminence, high rank; title
of the head of a nonmonarchic state; title
of honor given to high-ranking foreign
dignitaries, approx.: Highness,
Excellency, = f. with or by); to free o.s. ( from)
ad-daula title of the President of the
Republic (Syr., Leb.); do. life and property for s.o. or s.th.
(Syr., Leb.); f. ar-ras title of a
foreign head of state, approx.: His
Excellency, the President; ransoming; ransom; sacrifice (with foll.
f. al-mutamad as-sm His
Excellency, the High Commissioner
tafkm emphatic or velarized
pronunciation of a consonant (phon.)
amplifier (radio)
mufakkam honored ransom; redemption (from the omission of
the emphatics (phon.)
fadaa a (fad) to oppress, burden (
s.o.), weigh ( upon s.o.) X to regard (
s.th.) as a heavy burden, as painful
fada oppressiveness,
burdensomeness
afdaa2 more oppressive, more
burdensome, more serious, heavier
fdi burdensome, oppressive;
grave, serious (mistake), heavy (loss), bad
(physical defect)
fdia pl. fawdi
misfortune, calamity
fadaka a (fadk) to break, smash ( s.th.)
fadar pl. fudr chamois
fadfad pl. fadfid2 wasteland, tract of
desert land, desert
fadama i to seal ( the mouth, an aperture)
fadm pl. fidm clumsy in speech;
heavy-witted, sluggish, dull, stupid
II to fatten, stall-feed ( s.th.)
faddn pl. faddn2 yoke of
oxen; (pl. afdina) feddan, a square
measure (Eg. = 4200.833 m2)
fdin pl. fawdin2 plummet,
plumb bob
fad i (fidan, fid) to redeem, ransom
( s.o., s.th. with or by); to sacrifice (
for s.o. s.th.) III to sacrifice, offer up (
s.th.) VI to 700 beware ( of), guard (
against), get away, keep away ( or
from); to get rid ( or of); to prevent,
obviate, avert, avoid ( or s.th.) VIII =
I; to obtain ( s.th.) by sacrificing s.th.
else ( ;)to redeem o.s., ransom o.s. (
to sacrifice o.s. for s.o. or s.th., risk
fidan, fadan redemption,
genit.: for s.th., to save or liberate s.o. or
s.th.) ( juiltu) (lit.: may I be
made your ransom, i.e.) oh, could I but
sacrifice myself for you!
(waan) he died for his country
fidya pl. fidayt, fidan
certain religious duties, by a material
donation or a ritual act; Isl. Law)
fid redemption, ransoming;
ransom; price (one has to pay for s.th.),
sacrifice (one makes for s.th.)
 ( fidah) he sacrificed or gave
up everything for it
fid one who sacrifices himself
(esp., for his country); esp. pl.
fighters who risk their lives recklessly,
soldiers prepared to sacrifice their lives;
fedayeen, commandos, shock troops (Eg.)
fidya spirit of self-sacrifice
mufdh sacrifice
fdin redeemer
mafdy (prop., object of self-
sacrifice) following the name of a king,
also after waan, ar, and the
like, approx.: dearly beloved, dear
fadd pl. afdd, fudd alone, only,
sole, single; singular, unique; uncommon,
unusual, infrequent; pl. extraordinary
people
fadlaka brief summary, rsum, survey,
outline, abstract, epitome
farra i (farr, firr, mafarr) to
flee, run away, run off, escape ( from)
( hriban) to flee, take to ones
heels IV to put ( s.o.) to flight VIII to
open up or part ( so that s.th. becomes
visible); to bare, show ( the teeth when
smiling), reveal ( s.th.); to shimmer,
gleam
firr flight
furr: ainuh furruh crisis); to be dispelled, be driven away
(firruh) his outward appearance
bespeaks his inner worth; you need only
look at him to know what to think of him
farrr fugitive, runaway, escaped;
a fugitive, a runaway; deserter, defector;
quicksilver, mercury
furrra teetotum (eg.)
mafarr flight, escape
(mafarra) unavoidable, inevitable
frr pl. -n, frra fugitive,
fleeing; a fugitive
fara pl. afr wild ass, onager
far wild ass, onager
kullu aidin f jaufi l-f. there are
all kind, of game in the belly of the wild
ass (proverbially of s.o. or s.th. that
combine. all good qualities and
advantages and makes everything else
dispensable)
( Fr. frac) firk, frk pl. -t swallow-tailed
coat, full dress, tails
faraula (from It. fragola) strawberry
(eg.)
al-furt the Euphrates; sweet
(water) 701
furtka clasp, buckle (eg.)
faraja i (farj) and II to open, part,
separate, cleave, split, gap, breach (
s.th.), make an opening, gap or breach (
in); to dispel, drive away ( s.th., e.g.,
grief, worried; to comfort, solace, relieve (
s.o.) II to show ( to s.o. s.th.) IV to
leave ( a place); to free, liberate, let free
( s.o.), release ( s.o., s.th.) V to be
opened , be separated, be cleft, be split;
to part, divide, move apart (e.g., a crowd
so as to let s.o. pass; to be dispelled (grief,
sorrow); to derive comfort ( or from
the light of), take pleasure, delight ( or
in looking at); to regard, view,
observe, watch, inspect ( s.o., s.th.),
look ( at s.o., at s.th.) VII to be opened,
be separated, be cleft, be split; to open or
part widely, widen, diverge, split open,
gape, yawn; to open ( so that s.th.
becomes visible); to show, reveal (
s.th.); to relax, become relaxed (features;
(grief, sorrow); to become gay
farj pl. furj opening,
aperture, gap, breach; pudendum of the
female, vulva
faraj freedom from grief or sorrow,
release from suffering; joy; relaxation;
relief, ease, repose, pleasure, comfort;
happy ending
furja state of happiness (esp. after
suffering); pleasure, delight; -- (pl. )
opening, aperture, gap, breach, hole;
onlooking, watching, inspection, viewing;
sight, spectacle
farrj (coll.; n. un. )pl.
frrj2 chick, young chicken, pullet
( eg.) fararg seller of chicken,
poulterer
 mafraj pl. mafrij2 relief,
relaxation; denouement, happy ending
ifrj freeing, liberation; release (
of s.o., of s.th.), unblocking ( e.g., of
assets), decontrol ( e.g., of rationed
foodstuffs, etc.)
tafarruj inspection, viewing,
regarding; watching, observation
infirj relaxedness, relaxation
mutafarrij pl. -n viewer,
watcher, observer, spectator, onlooker
munfarij opened wide, wide-
open; relaxed; gay, merry
(zwiya) obtuse angle (geom.)
firjr compass, dividers
firjaun currycomb, brush
faria a (fara) to be glad, happy,
delighted, rejoice ( at), be gay, merry,
cheerful ( about, over) II to gladden,
delight, cheer, exhilarate, make merry,
happy, gay ( s.o.)
fara joy, gladness, glee, gaiety,
hilarity, mirth, exhilaration, merriment,
happiness; wedding; pl. afr feast of
rejoicing, celebration, festival, festivity;
wedding (feast) radhat al-a.
banquet hall, ball-room
fara joy
fari merry, gay, cheerful, joyful,
glad, delighted, happy
farn2 merry, gay, cheerful,
joyful, glad, delighted, happy
mafri2 feasts of rejoicing,
joyous events
tafr exhilaration, amusement
fri merry, gay, cheerful, joyful,
glad, delighted, happy
mufri gladdening, cheering,
exhilarating, joyous, delightful 702
sprout, put out new shoots (of a tree)
( rauuh) fear left him
fark pl. afrk furk,
firk, firkn young bird; shoot, spout
(of a plant, of a tree) f. waraq
(eg.) sheet of paper
farka pl. firk young female
bird; hen ( rm) (eg.) turkey
hen
firk (pl. of )poultry, domestic
fowls
tafrk hatching, incubation
incubator
farada and faruda u ( furd) to be
single, be alone; to be singular, be unique;
-- farada u ( furd) to withdraw, retire,
segregate ( from); -- farada i (eg.) to
spread, spread out, extend, stretch (
s.th.); to unfold ( s.th.) IV to set aside,
separate, segregate, isolate ( s.o.,
s.th.); to single out. assign especially ( or
s.th. for), devote ( or s.th. to
s.th. else) V to be alone; to do alone,
perform single-handedly ( s.th.); to
possess alone ( s.th.); to be matchless, be
unique VII = V; to stand alone, b. without
parallel ( or with or in s.th.); to
withdraw, segregate, walk away (
from); to be isolated ( from) X to find (
s.o., s.th.) singular, unique or isolated;
to isolate ( s.th., chem.)
fard pl. afrd, furd
alone, single; sole, only; solitary, lone,
lonely; singular, unique, matchless,
unrivaled, peerless, incomparable; one, a
single one, a single thing, a single person,
individual; odd, uneven (number);
epithet of the month of Rajab; (pl.
fird) one, one of a couple, one of a pair;
(pl. furd, furda) pistol; --
singular (gram.) fardan) singly,
separately, one by one, one at a time, one
after the other

II to have young ones (bird); to hatch (said
of eggs); to hatch, incubate ( s.th.); to
germinate, sprout, put out new shoots (of
a tree); to spread, gain ground IV to have
young ones (bird); to hatch (said of eggs);
to hatch. incubate ( s.th.); to germinate,
farda one part, one half, one of a
pair
fard single, solitary; single- (in
compounds); pertaining to a single person;
one-man (in compounds); solo (adj.);
singles (tennis); individual, personal;
individualist; odd, uneven (numbr)
 fardya individuality,
individualism
fard alone, lone, lonely, solitary;
singular, unique, matchless, peerless,
unrivaled, incomparable; (with foll. genit.)
especially endowed with
unique of its kind
farda pl. fard2 precious
pearl, precious gem, solitaire; (eg.) quire
(of paper)
furdan singly, separately, one by
one, one at a time, one after the other
furd singly, separately, one by
one, one at a time, one after the other
tafrd detailed, itemized
infird solitude, loneness,
loneliness; isolation, seclusion
alone, apart, isolatedly, in solitude,
in seclusion; singly, by o.s.;
confidentially; ( sula) exudations (physiol.)
autocracy
infird individual;
individualistic; autocratic; isolationistic,
tending to isolation 703
mufrad single, solitary, lone,
detached, isolated; (gram.) simple,
consisting of only one word (expression);
being in the singular; singular (gram.); (pl.
-t) vocable, word; pl. words, terms,
names, expressions (of a scientific field);
details ( ka) technical farasa i (fars) to kill, tear ( its prey, of
terms, terminology; by o.s., alone,
apart, singly, isolatedly, in solitude, in
seclusion, solitarily; in detail; by
retail
munfarid isolated, detached,
separated; lone, solitary, alone; solo (adj.;
also mus.)
2
firda (< fura) pl. firad tax, al-bar hippopotamus;
head tax, poll tax
al-firdaus f., pl. fards2
Paradise
firdaus paradisiacal, heavenly
1
faraza i (farz) and IV to set apart,
separate, detach, isolate ( s.th.); to
secrete, excrete, discharge ( s.th.;
physiol.); to sort, sift, classify ( s.th.); to
examine ( s.th.), screen ( s.o., s.th.),
muster ( s.o.); to select, pick out ( s.th.);
to distinguish, discriminate, differentiate (
s.th. from)
farz separation, detachment,
isolation; secretion, excretion, discharge;
sorting, sifting; mustering, muster,
screening, examination; selection,
selecting ( askar) pre-
induction examination (mil.)
farrza: O ( 1ya) seed
separator, seed-screening apparatus
mafraza pl. mafriz2 group,
detachment, party, troop, band
ifrz pl. -t secretion, excretion,
exudation, discharge, expectoration
(physiol.) qismat i. partition in
kind (Isl. Law)
O friza comma
mufrazt secretions, excretions,
(dkilya) internal secretions, endocrines
2
pl. =
3
and look up alphabetically
4
pl. look up alphabetically
II tafarzana to queen, become a
queen (of a pawn; in chess)
firzn pl. farzn 2 queen (in
chess)
1
a predatory animal) V to regard
searchingly, eye, scrutinize ( or s.o.,
s.th.), look firmly ( or at s.o., at
s.th.); to recognize, detect ( a quality,
in s.o.) VIII = I; to ravish, rape ( a
woman)
faras m. and f., pl. afrs
horse, mare; knight (chess) f.
race
horse; PegaSus (astron.)
farsa horsemanship, equitation
firsa perspicacity, acumen,
discernment, discrimination, minute
observation; keen eye (esp. for traits of
character); intuitive knowledge of human
nature ilm al-f. physiognomy;
f. al-yad chiromancy, palmistry
 farsa pl. faris2 prey (of a
wild animal)
fars, Pharisee
fursa horsemanship, equitation;
chivalry, knighthood,
fursya horsemanship,
equitation; chivalry, knighthood; heroism,
valor
fris pl. fursn,
fawris2 horseman, rider; knight, cavalier;
704 hero; pl. cavalry
( lastu, maidn) I am unfamiliar with
this field, I am not competent in this field
frisa pl. -t horsewoman;
mounted female warrior, Amazon
muftaris rapacious, ravenous
(animal) ( ayawn)
predatory animal, beast of prey
2
al-fursn the Persians; Persia, also
fris, also Persia fara ( faraa) to straddle, stand
fris Persian (adj. and n.)
visy Versailles
farsak pl. farsik2 a measure of ( It. forcina) furna pl. -t hairpin
length, parasang
varviy Warsaw (capital of Poland)
faraa u (far, fir) to spread,
spread out ( s.th.); -- faraa u i (far) to
pave, cover ( the ground, floor, path,
room, etc., with) II to cover ( the
floor, etc., with); to furnish, provide
with furniture ( ..th.); to tile, pave (
s.th.) VIII to spread, spread out ( s.th.);
to lie down, stretch out, sprawl ( on
s.th.); to sleep ( with a woman)
( lisnah) to give ones tongue free
rein
far pl. fur furnishing;
furniture, household effects; mat, rug,
carpet; anything spread on the ground as
bedding; foundation (arch.)
fara bed; mattress
far wheel (of a mill); (coll.; n.
un. )moths; butterflies
fara (n. un.) moth; butterfly;
flighty, fickle person
fir pl. furu, afria
cushion, pillow; blanket, cover, spread;
mattress; bed
farr one who spreads the
carpets; servant, attendant; house servant,
valet; office boy, errand boy
mifra pl. mafri2
tablecloth, table cover, cover (in general);
bedspread, counterpane
mifraa pl. mafri2 saddle
blanket
mafr covered ( with);
furnished; mafrt furniture,
household effects
2
II to brush ( s.th.)
fura pl. fura brush;
paintbrush powder puff;
f. asnn toothbrush
furh brush; paintbrush
furya (syr.) brush
with ones legs apart
faraka = faraa
II to make holidays
fura pl. fura opportunity,
chance, auspicious moment; holidays,
vacation ( furatan,
zaman) for a short time, briefly;
( intahaza) to seize the opportunity,
avail o.s. or take advantage of the
opportunity
fara pl. fari2 flesh or
muscle beneath the shoulder-blades
or ( irtaadat) violent
fear or excitement seized him
mufarri holiday-maker,
vacationist, tourist
fird mulberry; mulberry tree
faraa i (far) to decide,
determine; to decree, order, ordain (
s.th.); to appoint, assign, apportion,
allocate ( to s.o. s.th., money, and the
like); to impose, 705 enjoin, make
incumbent ( upon s.o. s.th.),
prescribe ( to s.o. s.th.); to impose (
 blockade, on); to assume,
presume, suppose, presuppose, postulate (
s.th., that) faux pas, etc.); to neglect ( s.th.), be lax,
(irdatah) to force ones will on s.o. II to
notch ( s.th.), make incisions ( in s.th.)
VIII to impose, enjoin, make incumbent (
upon s.o. s.th.), prescribe ( to
s.o. s.th.); to decree, order ( s.th.); to
assume, suppose ( s.th., that)
far pl. fur notch,
incision; duty, precept, injunction, order,
decree, ordinance, command; religious
duty (Isl. Law); statutory portion, lawful
shore (Isl. Law); assumption, supposition,
presupposition, premise, postulate,
hypothesis f. at-taya
prescribed forms of salutations;
f. ain individual duty (Isl. Law);
collective duty (Isl. Law); on the
premise of ; on the
assumption that, with the understanding
that ..., supposing that ...
far hypothetic(al),
suppositional, conjectural, assumed
without proof
farya hypothesis
fura pl. fura notch,
incision; opening, gap, crevice, crack;
seaport, river harbor, small port town
fara pl. far2 religious exaggeration
duty (Isl. Law); divine precept, ordinance
of God (Isl. Law); obligatory prayer (Isl.
Law); pl. distributive shares in estate (Isl.
Law) f. al-juma the
obligatory divine service on Friday (Isl.
Law); daw l-f. the Koranic squandering; wastrel, spendthrift,
heirs, i.e., those entitled to a statutory
portion in estate according to sura lV,
12ff. (Isl. Law); ilm al-f. law
of descent and distribution
iftir assumption, supposition,
presupposition, premise, postulate,
hypothesis
iftir hypothetic(al) faraa a (far, fur) to surpass,
fri old, advanced in years
mafr supposed, assumed,
premised; pl. duties, obligations
farata u to precede ( s.o.); to escape
inadvertently, slip ( s.o.s tongue; of
words); to escape ( s.o.), get lost ( on
s.o.); to happen (inadvertently) ( to s.o.,
be remiss ( with regard to); to strip off (
fruits) ( aiu) he missed
the thing, lost it II to leave, abandon,
forsake, give up ( s.o., or ,. s.th.),
renounce, waive ( or s.th.); to separate
( or from), part ( or with); to
neglect ( s.th.), be lax, be remiss (
with regard to); to exceed the proper
bounds, go too far, be excessive ( in),
exaggerate, overdo ( s.th.); to waste,
squander ( s.th.) IV to exceed the proper
bounds, go too far, be excessive ( in),
exaggerate, overdo, abuse ( s.th.) VII to
be stripped off, be loosened, become
detached ( from); to be dissolved,
dissolve, break up
(aqduhum) they broke up, they parted
company, they dissolved
far excess, immoderation,
exaggeration; (with foll. abstract noun)
hyper- (in compounds)
fara (eg.) interest (on money,
capital, etc.)
fura small change, coins
tafr negligence, neglect
afr excess, immoderation,
fri elapsed, bygone, put, last,
e.g., ( yaum al-aad) last
Sunday
mufarril prodigal, wasteful,
prodigal, squanderer
mufri exaggerated, excessive 706
faraa to make broad, broaden, flatten (
s.th.)
mufara broad; flattened, flat,
oblate; fat and flabby, bloated
outstrip ( s.o.); to excel ( s.o.) II to put
forth branches, to branch; to derive,
deduce ( s.h. from) V to branch out,
ramify, become ramified, spread in all
directions; to divide, fork, bifurcate (road,
pipeline); to branch off VIII to de1lower
 far pl. fur, afru twig, to) X to empty ( a bowl, and the like);
branch. bough, limb, (also coll.) branches, to vomit to exert o.s. to the
twigs; derivative; section, subdivision; utmost. make every effort ( in), apply
branch office, subsidiary establishment, every ounce of strength ( to), do ones
branch; branch line, feeder line; branch best
wire, feed wire (el.) or farg empty, void; vacant
ilm al-f. the doctrine of the branches, i.e.,
applied fiqh, applied ethics (consisting in farg void, vacuity, vacancy,
the systematic elaboration of canonical vacuum, empty space; gap; space ( for
law in Islam); aran wa-faran s.o., for s.th.); cession (of things which are
with full right, with good cause, justly not transferable as a property, but
transferable as a possession; (Isl. Law);
fa branch, subsidiary, tributary, leisure, sparetime
sub-, side (in compounds); subdivisional;
secondary farg vacuum (adj.)
afra2, f. far tall, slender furg emptiness, voidness,
vacuity; vacancy, unocoupiedness;
tafarru many-sidedness, termination, expiration, exhaustion
versatility; (pl. -t) ramification; pl. f. a-abr impatience
secondary things, concomitant
circumstances, minor factors afrag2 emptier
fri tall, lofty, towering; high- tafrg emptying, vacating,
grown, slender, slim; beautiful, handsome, evacuation; discharge; unloading (of a
pretty f. a-l tall, high- cargo) 707
grown; tall and slender ifrg emptying, vacating,
mufarra ramified, branching evacuation; pouring out
mutafarrit secondary things, istifrg emptying, voiding,
concomitant circumstances, minor factors vacating, evacuation; vomiting
firaun pl. farina Pharaoh frig pl. furrg empty, void;
vacant; unoccupied, not busy, idle,
faraga u and fariga a ( furg,
leisurely; inane, vacuous, idle, useless; --
farg) to be empty, be void; to be vacant;
tare (com.) in the void (of the
to be exhausted, be used up; to be rid (
target) = in the bulls-eye; bi-f.
of s.o.), be done, be finished ( with); to
i-abr impatiently
finish, terminate, conclude, close, wind
up, finish off, settle, complete, bring to an mafrg minh finished, settled
end ( s.th.); to devote o.s. apply o.s. (question, problem, and the like);
attend, tend ( or to s.o. to s.th.), exhausted (topic, and the like)
occupy o.s. ( or with) to mufarrig emptying; creating a
collect ones thoughts II to empty, void, vacuum O vacuum pump
vacate, evacuate, discharge ( s.th.); to
unload ( a cargo); to pour out ( s.th.) mufarrag emptied, vacated,
IV to empty, void, vacate, evacuate ( exhausted of air, vacuum (adj.); hollow
s.th.); to pour out ( s.th. over. mufrag cast (in a mold)
into); to unload ( s.th., e.g., from a ship) ( alqa) seamless ring; vicious circle,
( qlab) to mold s.th. (fig.); circulus vitiosus
( or) ( jahdah) to exert o.s. 1
to the utmost, make every effort ( in), farfara to shake itself (of animals, esp. of
do ones best V to be free from work. be a bird)
unoccupied, be idle, have leisure; to be farfar small bird
free, disengage o.s. ( or for some
furfr small bird
work), occupy o.s. exclusively ( or
2
with), devote o.s., apply o.s., attend ( or farfr = fine porcelain
3
firfr purple, purpure
farfaa: ( eg.) to recover, pick
up, revive
farfaa (eg.) ease, comfort,
convenience, leisure
firfr purple, purpure
faraqa u (farq, furqn to separate, fire department, fire brigade;
part, divide, sever, sunder ( s.th.); to
make a distinction ( between),
distinguish, differentiate, discriminate (
between); ( farq) to part ( the hair);
fariqa a (faraq) to be terrified, be
dismayed; to be afraid ( of) II to
separate, part, divide, sever, sunder (
s.th.); to strew about, scatter, disperse (
s.th.); to make a distinction ( between),
distinguish, differentiate ( between;
s.o. from); to distribute ( or s.th.
to, among); to frighten, scare, daunt,
terrify, horrify ( s.o.) farriq admiral (Eg.) ( awwal)
tasud divide and rule! divide et impera! III
to separate o.s. disengage o.s., withdraw,
depart ( from s.o., from s.th.), part (,
with s.o., with s.th.), leave, quit ( s.o.,
s.th.) V to be or become separated, split,
disunited, divided, scattered, dispersed,
separate, part, divide, scatter, disperse,
dissolve, break up VII to be or become
separated, disunited, divided, separate o.s.,
disengage o.s. ( from), part ( with)
VIII = V ( ariqa field cap of the Egyptian Air Force (1939)
qidadan) to split into many parts or
groups, become divided
farq separation, severance,
sunderance, division, partition;
differentiation, distinction, discrimination;
parting (of the hair); -- (pl. furq)
difference, dissimilarity, distinction; small
change, coins; pl. cases similar with
regard to facts, yet different as to their
legal implications (Isl. Law)
firq part, portion, division, section,
unit; band, company, party, detachment,
troop, group; herd, flock
faraq fear, fright, terror
fariq fearful, timid, timorous,
cowardly, craven
firqa pl. firaq part, portion,
division, section, unit; band, company,
party, detachment, troop, group; class;
grade, class (in school); pupils or students
of a course; troupe, ensemble; team, crew;
division (mil.); sect
(ajnabya) the Foreign Legion;
the fifth column;
(muaffaa) armored division;
(or )f. al-mafi2 (or al-if)
f.
al-idm firing squad;
(istirya) show troupe, revue troupe;
( msqya) orchestra;
f. msq (military) band
furqa separatedness, separation,
disunion
farq pl. furq, afriqa,
afriq2 band, company, troop,
detachment, unit; party; faction; team
(sports); - a military and naval rank,
approx.: lieutenant general (Eg.), vice
lieutenant general (Ir.); ( tnin)
major general (Ir.)
farq very fearful, timid,
timorous, cowardly, craven;
--Constantinople
frq very timorous; he
who distinguishes truth from falsehood
(epithet of the 2nd Caliph, Omar)
frqya Faruk cap, winter
furqn proof, evidence; the
Koran
mafraq, mafriq pl. mafriq2
crossing, intersection, bifurcation, forking,
fork, junction, interjunction; road fork,
highway intersection, crossroads, also
m. a-uruq; al-mafraq or
qalat al-m. Mafrak (city in N
Jordan) mafriq a-ar parting
(of the hair)
tatrq separation, severance,
sunderance, partition, division; dispersion,
dispersal, scattering; differentiation,
distinction, discrimination; distribution;
pl. tafrq2 single, separate parts,
detached sections in detail; in
portions; by retail (com.)
 tafriqa separation, severance, mufarqi explosive, blasting
sunderance, partition, division; dispersion, (adj.); pl. explosives; firecrackers,
dispersal, scattering; differentiation, fireworks
distinction, discrimination; distribution farqilla (eg.) pl. -t whip with a
in detail; in portions; by retail leather thong, used in driving animals
(com.)
faraka u (fark) to rob ( s.th.) II = I
mufraqa separation, parting, V to be robbed VII = V
farewell, leave-taking, departure;
difference, dissimilarity, distinction fark rubbed; cooked green wheat
firq separation, parting, farewell, O mifrk twirling stick
leave-taking, departure; difference, 2
look up alphabetically
dissimilarity, distinction
farkaa (eg.) to disarrange, dishevel,
tafarruq separation, disunion, tangle ( s.th.), tousle, muss, tear (hair)
division; dispersing, dispersal, scattering; 1
deployment (in the field; mil.) farama i (farm) to out into small pieces (
meat, tobacco), mince, chop, hash (
iftirq separation, disunion, meat) II = I
division
miframa meat grinder; mincer,
friq distinguishing, differential, mincing machine
distinctive, discriminative, separative; (pl.
fawriq2) a separating or distinctive mafrm: ( dukn) finely
factor; distinctive characteristic, criterion; cut tobacco; ( lam) chopped
difference, distinction, dissimilarity, meat, hashed meat
disparity ( bud l-f.) in spite 2
( It. forma) furma pl. furam mold
of the great difference
faramn pl. -t, farmn2 firman;
mufarriq distributor, retailer; decree, edict; (letter of) safe-conduct,
mailman, postman laisser-passer (formerly, in the Ottoman
mufarraq retail (adj.) Empire)
retail merchant, retailer; by retail ( Fr. framboise) frambuwz raspberry
mutafarriq dispersed, scattered; ( eg.) firmasn (from Fr. franc-maon)
sporadic; miscellany, sundries Freemason
(com.), miscellaneous items
farmala pl. farmil2 brake (of a
muftaraq crossing, intersection, wheel, etc.)
bifurcation, forking, fork, junction,
interjunction; road fork, highway ( eg.) farmalg pl. -ya brakeman
intersection, crossroads, also farmza, formza Formosa
m. a-uruq
furn pl. afran oven, baking oven
2
pl. look up alphabetically
farrn baker
3
look up alphabetically
II tafarnaja to become Europeanized,
4
pl. look up alphabetically adopt European manners, imitate the
farqad calf; two bright stars of Ursa Europeans
Minor ( and ) 709 al-ifranj the Europeans
farqaa ( farqaa) to pop, crack, Europe
burst, explode II tafarqaa = I ifranj European; syphilis
farqaa crack, pop, report (of a firanja2 Land of the Franks,
firearm); explosion, blast Europe
 tafarnuj Europeanization, muftarayt lies, falsities;
imitation of the Europeans calumnies
mutafarnij Europeanized farz pl. afriza = ifrz (look up
1 alphabetically)
firind a sword of exquisite workmanship
2 fazza i (fazz) to jump up, start, bolt;
faranda, varanda pl. -t veranda, porch
to be or become frightened, terrified,
farnasa ( farnasa) to make French, dismayed, startled; to frighten, alarm,
Frenchify, imbue with French culture ( startle ( s.o., s.th.), scare away (
s.th.) II tafarnasa to become a Frenchman; s.o., s.th. from) IV to frighten, alarm,
to imitate the French startle ( s.o., s.th.), scare away (
farans (also )France s.o., s.th. from) V to become restless,
restive, uneasy X to fill with unrest or
farans French; (pl. -n) excitement, rouse, agitate, excite, stir up,
Frenchman instigate, incite, egg on, inflame, whip up
faransw (also )French ( s.o.), provoke ( an incident); to startle
( s.o. out of); to stir up, arouse (
al-faranss the French s.o. from)
al-faransiskn the Franciscans fazza start, jump, bolt, dart
( Fr. franc) firank and pl. -t franc istifzz pl. -t instigation,
farih lively, agile, nimble agitation, incitement, provocation
farha liveliness, agility, istifzz agitative, instigative,
nimbleness, swiftness (of an animal); inflammatory, rabble-rousing,
sturdiness provocative, incendiary
frih lively, agile, nimble, swift lazara u (fazr) to tear, rent, burst ( s.th.)
(animal); comely, pretty; sturdy; big V to be torn, be rent, split open, burst VII
=V
farw (coll.; n. un. )pl. fir furriery,
fur(s), skin(s), pelt(s), peltry fazra female leopard
farwa (n. un.) fur, pelt; akin, hide fazra pl. fawzir2 (eg.)
scalp; ab f. (eg.) chestnut riddle, puzzle
710 far i (fary) to split lengthwise, fazia a (faza) and fazaa a (faz, fiz) to
cut lengthwise ( s.th.); (eg.) to mince, be afraid, be scared ( of), be alarmed,
chop ( s.th.); to invent lyingly, fabricate, frightened, terrified ( or by); -- fazia
trump up ( s.th. against) a to take refuge, flee ( to), seek asylum
(kidban) to fabricate, or invent, a lie ( ( with) II to strike ( s.o.) with fear; to
against) II to split lengthwise, cut frighten, scare, alarm, terrify, dismay,
lengthwise ( s.th.) IV = II; VIII to invent startle ( s.o.) IV to frighten, startle,
lyingly, fabricate, trump up ( s.th. terrify, scare ( s.o.) V to be terrified,
against); to slander, libel, calumniate ( startled, dismayed; to be frightened
s.o.) ( naumih) to be roused from ones
firya pl. firan lie, falsehood, sleep
falsity; slander, calumny faza pl. afz fear, fright,
fary: ( or) to do s.th. terror, alarm, dismay, anxiety,
unheard-of, do an unprecedented thing consternation, panic
mifrh (eg.) (= )meat grinder; fazi frightened, terrified, scared,
mincer, mincing machine alarmed, startled, dismayed, fearful,
timorous
iftir lie, falsehood, falsity;
slander, calumny
muftarin slanderer, calumniator
 fazn frightened. terrified, infis wideness, ampleness;
scared, alarmed, startled, dismayed, extension, expansion, dilation
fearful, timorous munfasa) wideness, ampleness;
fazza one who inspires fear; plane, surface
scarecrow fasaka a (fask) to dislocate, disjoint,
mafza place of refuge, retreat, luxate, put out of joint ( a limb); to
sanctuary sever, sunder, tear ( s.th.); (jur.) to
cancel, abolish, rescind, revoke, abrogate,
mafzaa place of refuge, retreat,
annul, nullify, invalidate, dissolve, void,
sanctuary; scarecrow
vacate ( s.th.); -- fasika a (fasak) to lose
mufzi terrible, dreadful, alarming color; to fade (color) II to tear to pieces,
mufzi frightened, terrified, tear apart, lacerate, mangle ( s.th.); (eg.)
alarmed, startled to salt ( fish) V to break up into
fragments, fall apart, disintegrate VII
fustn pl. fastn2 (womans) dress, (jur.) to be canceled, abolished, rescinded,
gown, frock revoked, abrogated, annulled, nullified,
fustuq, fustaq pistachio (bot.) invalidated, dissolved, voided, vacated
fasua u ( fusa, fasa) to be or fask (jur.) cancellation,
become wide, spacious, roomy; 711 abolishment, abolition, rescission,
fasaa a (fas) to make room, clear a revocation, abrogation, annulment,
space ( in, for) II to make wide, nullification, invalidation, dissolving,
make spacious, widen, broaden, extend, voiding, vacating
expand ( s.th.); to make room, clea a fask abolitionary, revocatory,
space ( for) ( majlan) to abrogative, nullifying
make room for s.o., or s.th., give s.o. or
s.th. free play or free scope; to open up an faska (wood) splinter, chip, sliver
opportunity for s.o.; to open fask (eg.) small salted fish
or pave the way for s.o. or s.th. IV to
mutafassik degenerate(d)
make room, clear a space ( for); to clear.
open up ( s.th., for) V to be or become fasada u i ( fasd, fusd) to be or
wide, spacious, roomy; to walk, take a become bad, rotten, decayed, putrid, be
walk VII to be or become wide, spacious, spoiled; to be or become vicious, wicked,
roomy; to extend, expand, dilate; to be vile, corrupt, depraved, be marred,
free, be ample (time) I impaired, corrupted, perverted, vitiated; to
had plenty of time be empty, vain, idle, unsound, false,
wrong II to spoil, deprave, ruin, corrupt,
fusa wideness, ampleness,
spaciousness, roominess; extensive demoralize ( s.o., s.th.); to degrade,
possibilities, ample opportunities, wide abase, sully, tarnish, defile ( , s.o., s.th.)
scope for action; (time) margin, enough IV to spoil ( s.o., s.th.; s.th. of
time ( for); -- (pl. fusa, -t) free, s.o., e.g., s.o.s plans, etc.), deprave,
corrupt, pervert, demoralize ( s.o.,
open, or empty, space; holidays, vaoation;
walk, promenade, stroll, ride, drive, s.th.); to mar, distort, devaluate,
outing, excursion depreciate, denigrate, degrade ( s.th.,
(waqt) there is still time for s.o.); to weaken, sap. undermine,
upset, ruin, destroy, foil, thwart, frustrate (
fusa pl. -t (eg.) anteroom, s.th.); to alienate, estrange ( s.o.
vestibule, hallway, entrance hall; (eg., also from another; s.o. from s.th.), entice
syr.) open space between houses; away ( s.o., from s.th.); to sow, or
courtyard stir up, dissension ( among); to act
fas) pl. fis wide, ample, evilly, wickedly; to cause mischief
spacious, roomy, broad ( amrah) to play s.o. a dirty trick
VII = I
 fasd rottenness, spoiledness,
corruption, decay, decomposition,
putrefaction, putridity; depravity,
wickedness, viciousness, iniquity.
immorality; weakness; 712 pervertedness,
wrongness ; incorrectness, imperfection
(of a legal transaction; Isl. Law)
2
mafsada pl. mafsid cause
of corruption or evil; scandalous deed,
heinous act; pl. dirty tricks, malicious
acts, chicaneries sinfully, immorally, lead a dissolute life;
(malaa) in good and bad times, for
better or for worse
ifsd thwarting, undermining,
sabotaging
fsid pl. fasad bad, foul,
rotten, spoiled, decayed, decomposed,
putrid; depraved, corrupt, vicious, wicked,
immoral; empty, vain, idle, unsound,
false, wrong; imperfect (legal transaction;
Isl. Law) ( daur) vicious circle,
circulus vitiosus
II to explain, expound, explicate,
elucidate, interpret ( s.th.), comment (
on) V to be explained, interpreted, etc.
(see II); to have an explanation ( in), be
explainable ( with, by) X to ask ( s.o.)
for an explanation ( of), inquire ( of
s.o. about), ask ( s.o. about); to seek
an explanation ( for)
tafsr pl. tafsr2
explanation, exposition, elucidation,
explication, interpretation; commentary
(esp. one on the Koran)
tafsr explanatory, explicatory, 2
illustrative
tafsira urine specimen (of a
patient, for diagnosis)
istifsr pl. -t inquiry, question (
about)
mufassir commentator
fus pl. fas2 (large)
tent made of haircloth; tent, pavilion,
canopy; al-fus ancient Islamic
city south of present-day Cairo
fusn pl. fasn2 see faa u (fa) to cause ( a swelling, and
fusft phosphate
fasfara and II tafasfara to phosphoresce
fusfur phosphorus
fasfara (coll.; n. un. )pl. fasfis2
bedbug
fasfsa pl. fasfs2 pustule,
pimple
fusaifis mosaic, mosaic work
fasaqa u i (fisq, fusq) and
fasuqa u to stray from the right course; to
stray, deviate ( from); to act unlawfully,
to fornicate ( with) II (Isl. Law) to
declare ( s.o.) to b. a fsiq (q.v.)
fisq sinfulness, viciousness, moral
depravity, dissolute life dr al-
f. brothels
fusq outrage, iniquity
malaaqa pl. mafsiq2 brothel
fsiq pl. fussq, fasaqa
godless, sinful, dissolute, wanton,
licentious, profligate, vicious, iniquitous,
nefarious; trespasser, offender, sinner;
fornicator, adulterer; a person not meeting
the legal requirements of righteousness
(Isl. Law)
2
fasqya, fisqya pl. -t, fasqy
fountain; well
1
fasl pl. fusil low, lowly,
ignoble; despicable; false, deceitful
lusUIa lowliness; w.akness
fasla pl. fasl, fasil2
palm seedling, palm shoot
faslya =
faslaja physiology
faslaj physiologic(al) 713
( ( fas u (fasw, fus) to break wind
noiselessly
fsiy2 dung beetle
fasliya =
fisiyljiy physiology
fisiylj physiologic(al);
physiologist
the like) to subside; to go down, subside
(swelling) ( )( kulqah,
 gillah) (eg.) to vent ones anger on
VII to go down, subside (swelling, and the
like)
fia pl. fia (eg., syr.) lung,
lights (of animals)
and look up alphabetically 1
faaka a (fak) to straddle; to stride, take
large steps
fak pl. -t stride, large step
faara u to brag, boast, swagger
far bragging, swagger, vain
fur bragging, swagger, vain
boasting
fir (eg.) popcorn
far braggart, swaggerer, vain
boaster
faf (eg.) lung, lights (of animals)
faak (coll.; n. un. )cartridges
(kullab) blank cartridges (Syr.);
(dukn) smoke cartridges (Syr.)
faila a (faal) to lose courage, be or
become cowardly or faint-hearted, lose
heart, despair; to be disappointed; to fail,
he unsuccessful ( in); to miscarry, go
wrong, fail n and IV to thwart, foil,
frustrate ( s.th.) V to fail, be
unsuccessful
faal disappointment, failure, flop,
fiasco
fal, fail weak, faint-hearted,
cowardly, craven
fil failing, unsuccessful, futile,
doomed to failure; no good, worthless
( ( fa u ( faw, fuuw, fuy) to
spread, spread about, diffuse, gain ground,
make the rounds, circulate; to be revealed,
he disclosed, he divulged IV to spread,
disseminate, put in circulation ( s.th.); to
reveal, disclose, divulge ( or s.th.) V
to spread, spread about, gain ground, rage
(e.g., a disease)
tafain spreading, spread, outbreak
II (eg.) to remove the outer shell ( of
s.th.)
fa pl. fu stone of a ring;
clove (of garlic); segment (of an orange);
lobe (anat., bot.); joint; essence
f. mil (eg.) lump of salt;
(naih) in the very words, ipsissimis
verbis, literally, precisely
faua u ( faa) to be eloquent II
to bring ( the language) into literary
form, make ( the language) correct
Arabic, purify ( the language) IV to
express o.s. in flawless literary Arabic; to
speak clearly, distinctly, intelligibly; to
give expression ( to), express, state
clearly, declare outright, make plain (
s.th.), speak openly, frankly ( about); to
orient, inform ( s.o. about); to become
clear, plain, distinct V to affect eloquence,
affect mastery of the language VI = V
fa pl. fua2,
fi, fuu pure, good Arabic
(language), literary; skillful in using the
correct literary language; clear, plain,
distinct, 716 intelligible (language,
speech); fluent, eloquent
faa purity of the language;
fluency, eloquence
afa2, f. fu of purer
language; more eloquent ( )
( arabya, luga) classical Arabic;
do.
if flawless literary Arabic
style; frank statement, open word (
about), open declaration ( of)
mufi clear, plain, distinct,
intelligible; cloudless, sunny, bright (day)
2
IV to celebrate Easter (Chr.); to celebrate
Passover (Jud.)
fi, fa pl. fu Easter
(Chr.); Pesach, Passover (Jud.)
faada i (fad, fad) to open
a vein; to bleed ( s.o.), perform a
venesection ( on) V to drip (e.g., the face,
araqan with perspiration) VII to be
bled, undergo a venesection; to bleed
(nose)
fad opening of a vein,
bloodletting, venesection, phlebotomy
fid opening of a vein,
bloodletting, venesection, phlebotomy
 fida pl. faid2 etc.); article (in a newspaper); class, grade
bloodletting, venesection, phlebotomy (school); season ( in letters:)
ab f. (eg.) wagtail (zool.) conclusion of the formal greetings by the
words amm badu; conclusion,
mifad, pl. mafid2 lancet
termination; decision; unmistakable
fuft phosphate judgment; were
fufr phosphorus through with one another once and for all;
( theater) season;
fufr phosphoric, (qaul) the last word, the final decision;
phosphorous yaum al-f. Day of Judgment,
phosphorescence Doomsday
faala i (fal) to separate, part, O fala comma O
divide, disjoin, divorce, cut off, detach, set semicolon
apart, segregate ( s.o. s.th. from); to
separate ( two things or persons); to fila offprint, reprint
isolate ( s.th.); to cut, sever, sunder, fal pl. fil, fuln
interrupt ( s.th.); to discharge, dismiss, young (weaned) camel
fire, sack, expel ( or s.o. from an
fala pl. fail genus,
office), relieve, divest ( or s.o. of an
species, family (bot., and the like);
office), cashier ( s.o.); to decide ( a
detachment, squad; group, cell (pol.);
controversy, and the like), make a
platoon, squadron (of heavy arms; mil.)
decision. render judgment ( in, about,
f. dam blood group; f.
with respect to); to fix the price ( for
s.th.); -- ( fil) to wean ( al-idm firing squad, execution squad;
the infant from sucking); -- faala u ( reconnaissance squad,
ful) to go away, depart, move away ( patrol
or from), leave ( or a place), pull faial decisive criterion;
out ( or of a place) II to divide into arbitrator, arbiter
particular sections, arrange in sections, faialya Faisal cap, Iraqi field
group, classify, categorize ( s.th.); to cap (formerly, Ir.)
present in logical order, set forth in detail,
detail, particularize ( s.th.); to make ( mafil pl. mafil2 joint,
s.th.) clear, plain, distinct; to make to articulation
measure, cut out ( a garment) III to mafil articular
separate o.s., dissociate o.s., be separated (
from s.o.), part company ( with); to tafl detailed statement,
haggle, bargain ( with s.o. for) VII to elaborate or minute exposition,
separate o.s., disengage o.s., dissociate particularization, detailing; elaborateness,
o.s. segregate, secede ( from); to be minuteness, completeness of detail;
separated, disjoined, detached, removed, cutting out, cut (of a garment); (pl. -t,
set aside, cut off ( from), be interrupted; tafl2) detail, particular
to be discharged, dismissed, fired, sacked, taflan and in detail, elaborately,
cashiered; to retire, resign ( or from minutely, circumstantially; ...
an office), be relieved, be divested ( or (with foll. genit.) made to measure by ...;
of an office); to quit, leave ( or a tailored by ...; tailor-made
political party, and the like) clothes; well-fitting
(garment)
fal parting, disjunction,
detachment, severance, sunderance, tafl detailed, minute,
cutting off; separation; division, partition; particular, elaborate; analytic(al);
discharge, dismissal ( or from an taflyan separately, singly, one at a time
office); decision, (rendering of) judgment; land survey
-- (pl. ful) section, part; chapter; infil separation;
act (of a play); movement (of a symphony, disengagement, dissociation, withdrawal;
 secession; interruption O tears) ( bakratah) to
arb al-inf. the American Civil War;
separatists
infil separatistic; (pl. -n)
separatist
infilya aeparatism fail routed; to scatter, disperse, disband, break
separatory, separating, parting, dividing;
isolating, insulating; decisive, crucial;
conclusive; separation, partition, division,
interruption without
interruption, uninterrupted, unbroken;
f. al-arra heat-insulating
(phys.); ( mubrh) finals, final
match (sports); ( ka) demarcation
line
fila pl. fawil2 partition,
division; interstice, interspace, interval; O
comma; O dash (punctuation mark); end,
rhyme of a Koranic verse
mufaal set forth or described
minutely, elaborately or in great detail,
detailed, minute, elaborate, circumstantial;
tailor-made, custom-made;
mufaalan in detail, minutely,
elaborately, circumstantially
mufaala pl. -t hinge
munfal separate, detached
fama i (fam) to cause ( s.th.) to
crack, crack ( s.th.); to split, cleave (
s.th.); pass. fuima to be destroyed (house)
VII to have a crack, be cracked; to be
split, be cleft
fam pl. fumt recess, moon the stars); to ravish, violate, rape (
niche, chamfer (in walls; arch.)
infim split; O schizophrenia
faliy (or )the common be dishonored VIII to become public,
European bean (Phascolus vulgaris L.;
bot.) 716
V to free o.s., rid o.s. ( of),
shake off ( s.th.)
faa (1st pers. perf. faatu) u
(fa) to break (open), pry open, force
open, undo ( s.th., e.g., a seal); to break,
snap ( s.th.); to scatter, disperse, break
up, rout ( s.th.); to perforate, pierce ( a
pearl); to conclude, close ( a session, and
the like); to dissolve ( parliament); to
settle ( a conflict, and the like); to shed (
deflower a girl; l fu fka
how well you have spoken! II to plate or
coat with silver, to silver ( s.th.) VII to
he opened, be broken, be undone (e.g., a
seal); to be scattered, be dispersed, be
up, dissolve; to be concluded, be closed
(session, and the like) VIII to deflwer ( a
girl)
fa opening, breaking, undoing
(e.g., of a real); dispersion, scattering,
breaking up, routing; settlement, settling
(of a dispute); conclusion, closure (e.g., of
a session) f. al-bakra
defloration
fia silver
fi silver, silvery, argentic,
argentous, made of silver, like silver;
fiyt silverware
(jumhrya) Argentina; the
motion-picture screen, the silver screen
mifa implement for opening or
breaking open letter opener
infi dissolution, breaking
up, dispersal; end, close, conclusion,
closure (e.g., of a session)
ifti defloration
faaa a (fa) to disclose or uncover
s.o. ( )faults or offenses, expose, show up,
compromise, shame, disgrace, dishonor (
s.o.); to outshine, eclipse ( s.th., e.g., the
a woman); to disclose, reveal, show, bring
to light, divulge, betray ( s.th.) VII to be
exposed, be compromised, be disgraced,
become known, come to light
(amruh) he was exposed
fa exposure, humiliation,
mortification, debasement, degradation,
disgracing, dishonoring
fa covered with shame,
exposed, compromised, humiliated,
shamed, disgraced, dishonored;
disgraceful, shameful, infamous,
ignominious
faa exposure, humiliation,
mortification, debasement, degradation,
 disgracing, dishonoring; -- (pl. matter; -- pl. that which is
fai2) disgraceful, or scandalous, act or superfluous, redundant or in excess, a
thing; infamy, ignominy; shame, disgrace, surplus, overplus, superfluity; waste,
scandal refuse; droppings, excrements; --
fa divulging secrets, superiority ( over); precedence, priority
( over), preference ( to); grace,
unearthing shameful things
favor ( to, toward); kindness,
ifti disgracefulness, graciousness, amiability; erudition,
ignominy, infamy culture, refinement; -- (pl. afl)
fi disgraceful, shameful, merit, desert ( on behalf of, with respect
infamous, ignominious, dishonorable, to), credit (for, in), service(s) ( to);
discrediting, scandalous benefit, favor, gift, present
(falan) beside, aside from ..., not to speak
maf covered with shame, of , let alone ..., to say nothing of ...;
exposed, compromised, humiliated, besides, moreover,
shamed, disgraced, dishonored; furthermore; thanks to, owing to, due
disgraceful, shameful, infamous, to; please! if you please;
ignominious ( yarjiu) or
faf wide, loose, flowing (garment); the merit thereby is his due, he
ample, abundant; plump, corpulent (girl); deserves all the credit for it;
pompous, high-sounding, bombastic it is not superfluous that ...;
(speech) futile
faala u and faila a (fal) to be surplus, talk, idle words; ( f. il-
be in excess, be left (over), remain; -- kalm) it would be needless talk to ..., it
faala u (fal) to excel, surpass ( or would be a waste of words if ...
s.o., s.th.); to be excellent, superior, fala pl. faalt remnant,
exquisite, good, be better, be more 717 remainder, residue, leftover, rest, surplus,
adequate II to prefer ( s.o., s.th. to overplus; waste, scrap, discard, offal,
s.o., to s.th.), like better ( s.o., s.th., waste product; pl. excretions (physiol.),
than); to give preference ( to excrements
s.o., to s.th. over), set s.o. or s.th. ( )
before or above ( )III to contend for ful curiosity, inquisitiveness,
precedence or superiority ( with s.o.) officiousness, meddling
to compare two things in ful inquisitive, curious; busy-
order to determine which deserves body, officious, meddlesome; prattler,
preference IV to confer a benefit ( chatterer; manager without commission,
upon s.o.), do ( s.o.) a favor, oblige ( uncommissioned agent (Isl. Law)
s.o.); to present, honor ( s.o.
fulya inquisitiveness
with), bestow, confer ( upon s.o.
curiosity; obtrusiveness, importunity,
s.th.), grant, award ( to s.o. s.th.) V =
officiousness, indiscreetness
IV; to have the kindness ( of doing or to
do s.th.; or fa with finite verb), be so fal pl. fual outstanding,
kind ( as to do s.th.; or with finite eminent, very good, first-rate, excellent;
verb), deign, condescend, be graciously distinguished, deserving; learned, erudite
disposed ( to do s.th.; or with finite fula pl. -t remnant, remainder,
verb); (imperative) tafaal please! if you residue, leftover, rest, surplus, overplus;
please; to put on house clothes, be dressed offal, refuse, scum
for around the house
fala pl. fail2 moral
fal pl. ful surplus, excellence, excellent quality, virtue; merit,
overplus, excess, superfluity, overflow; advantage, excellence, exquisiteness
leftover, remainder, remnant, rest; matter title of Islamic scholars (as,
of secondary importance, subordinate for instance, Rector and sheiks of Al
 Azhar University), also preceding the title s.o., s.th.); to lead ( s.o. to; to,
of sheik: e.g., to results); to inform, notify (
afal2, f. ful, pl. m. -n, s.o. of), announce ( to s.o. s.th.) V to
afil2, f. fulayt better, have free time, have leisure ( for)
best; more excellent, preferable, etc.; fa vast and unlimited space,
(very) excellent, learned men; empty space; space (phys.); cosmic space;
f. as-sayyidt the worthy (or sky; vast expanse, vastness, void
esteemed) ladies spaceship; to throw
s.th. in the air; -- (pl. afiya) open
afalya precedence, priority (
area, open tract of land, open country
over), preference ( to. over);
predilection 718 fa: spaceship
mifal pre-eminent, most fin empty, vacated, vacant;
outstanding, most excellent, very unoccupied, not busy, at leisure, free (of
generous, very liberal commitments)
mifala pl. mafil2 house faaa a (fa) and II to spread out, make
dress, everyday dress broad and flat, flatten ( s.th.)
mifl pre-eminent, most afa2 and mufaa broad-
outstanding, most excellent; very headed, broad-nosed
generous, very liberal fail2 (pl. of fial) important,
tafl preference, preferment, outstanding, leading men or personalities,
favoring; esteem, high estimation luminaries, celebrities, stars
ism at-t. noun of preference = zaman al-fial primeval times, preadamic
elative (afl2; gram.) period
mul/i44la compariaon, weighing faara u (far) to split, cleave, break apart (
s.th.); -- ( fur) to break the fast,
tafaul deigning, condescension,
eat and drink after a fast; to breakfast,
complaisance, courteousness, courtesy,
have breakfast; -- (far) to make, create,
favor, grace libsat at-t.
bring into being, bring forth ( s.th.; of
careless manner of dressing for around the
God); to endow ( s.o. with; of God);
house
pass. fuira to have a natural disposition (
taful rivalry for precedence; for); ( fuira) ... is native of
quantitative disparity (of two services him, ... is in his nature IV to break the
rendered; Isl. Law) O fast, eat and drink after a fast; to breakfast,
differential calculus have breakfast V to be split, be cleft, be
O taful differential (adj.) broken VII = V; ( bi-l-buk) to
break into tears
fil remaining, leftover, left,
surplus, exceeding, in excess; (pl. far pl. fur crack, fissure,
fawil2) remainder, remnant, residue, rift, cleavage, rupture
rest, leftover, surplus, overplus, excess; -- fir fast breaking
(pl. -n, fual2) outstanding, adaqat al-f. almsgiving at the end of
eminent, very good, first-rate, superior, Ramadan (sl. Law); d al-f. Feast
excellent, distinguished, deserving; of Breaking the Ramadan Feast, or Lesser
learned; man of culture and refinement Bairam, celebrated on the 1st of Shawwal
mufaal preferable, preferred fur (coll.; n. un.) fungi,
( and ( fa u ( fuw, mushrooms 719
fa) to be or become spacious, wide, fur fungal, fungus, fungi-,
large (space); to be empty, void, vacant II myco- (in compounds); furyt
to empty, void, vacate ( s.th.) IV to parasitic fungi; mushrooms; fungal
come, attain ( to), arrive ( at), reach ( cultures ( mara) mycosis
 fira creation; (pl. fiar) nature,
(natural) disposition, constitution,
temperament, innate character, instinct;
firatan by nature
fir natural; instinctive, native,
inborn, innate ( insn)
natural man; natural religions
far breakfast
far unleavened; immature,
unbaked; fresh, new, newly made;
unleavened bread
fara (coll. far) pl. tafaun intelligence; intellection
fair (unleavened) bread; pastry made of
water, flour and shortening (sometimes
with sugar added); a cake-like white bread
(made with eggs and butter; eg.)
fayir pl. fayirya faa crudeness, rudeness,
(un.) maker or seller of faira (see above)
fair pl. fairya
(eg.) maker or seller of faira (see above)
ifr fast breaking; breakfast; first
meal after sunset during Ramadan
a-fir the Creator (= God)
faasa i ( fus) to die II to kill (
s.o.); to suffocate, strangle, choke to death
( s.o.) VII to become flattened (nose)
fas suffocated, stifled
fasa pl. fais2 corpse, horrid, horrible 720
body; carrion, carcass
afas2 flat-nosed, snub-nosed
faama i (fam) to wean ( s.o.; an infant or
a young animal) VII to be weaned; to
abstain ( from)
fim weaning, ablactation
fam pl. fuum weaned
fim Fatimid (adj. and n.);
the Fatimids
faina a, faana u and fauna u ( fina)
to be or become clever, smart, discerning,
sagacious, perspicacious, bright,
intelligent; to notice, realize, comprehend,
understand ( or or s.th.); to be or
become aware ( or or of); to think (
of s.th.) II to make intelligent ( s.o.);
to make ( s.o.) realize or understand (
s.th.), explain ( to s.o.
s.th.); to remind( s.o. of) V to
comprehend, understand ( s.th.)
fain clever, smart, astute,
sagacious, perspicacious, bright,
intelligent
fina pl. fitan cleverness,
astuteness, sagacity, perspicacity, acumen,
intelligence
fain pl. fuan2 clever, smart,
bright, intelligent
fana cleverness, smartness
fa pl. af crude, rude,
coarse, blunt, gruff, impolite, uncivil,
uncouth, boorish, uneducated; -- walrus
coarseness, bluntness, gruffness,
impoliteness, uncouthness, boorishness
faaa u ( faa) to be or
become abominable, detectable, hideous,
ugly, repulsive, disgusting, shooking,
odious, heinous, atrocious, horrid, horrible
X to find ( s.th.) abominable. detestable,
etc. (see I); to call abominable, revolting,
shocking ( s.th.)
fazi abominable, detectable,
hideous, ugly, repulsive, disgusting,
shocking, odious, heinous, atrocious,
fa abominable, detestable,
hideous, ugly, repulsive, disgusting,
shocking, odious, heinous, atrocious,
horrid, horrible
faa pl. fai2,
abominableness, hideousness, ugliness,
repulsiveness, odiousness, heinousness,
atrocity, horridness, horror; pl. atrocities
mufi abominable, detestable,
hideous, ugly, repulsive, disusting,
shocking, odious, heinous, atrocious,
horrid, horrible
faala a (fal, fil) to do ( s.th.); to act; to
perform, some activity; to have an
influence or effect ( or on), affect (
or s.o., s.th.); to do ( to s.o., s.th.;
s.th. with) ( filan) to
have an unpleasant effect on s.o. II to scan
( a verse) VI to interact, interplay;
(chem.) to enter into combination, form a
compound; to combine ( with) VII to be
done; to be or become influenced or
affected ( by), be under the influence of
s.o. or s.th. ( ;)to b. agitated, excited,
upset VIII to concoct, invent, fabricate (
( kidban kidban a lie against); to
falsify, forge ( s.th., e.g., a handwriting);
to invent ( s.th.)
fil activity, doing, work, action,
performance; function; -- (pl. afl,
fil) deed, act, action; effect, impact;
-- (pl. afl) verb (gram.); pl.
afl2 great deeds, exploits, feats;
machinations filan or indeed,
in effect, actually, really, practically;
out of, because of, due to
fil actual, factual, real; effective,
efficacious, efficient; practical; de facto;
verbal (gram.)
faa pl. -t deed, act, action
fal effective, efficacious,
efficient
falya effectiveness, efficacy,
efficiency; activity
afal2 more effective, more
efficacious
2
tafl pl. tafl foot of a wide, gape VII to open wide, be agape
verse; (poet.) meter
taful pl. -t interaction,
interplay; formation of a chemical
compound, chemical process. chemical
reaction
infil (state of) being affected,
acted upon, or influenced, passivity;
stimulation. irritation (biol.); (pl. -t)
agitation. excitement, excitation,
commotion
infil excitable, irritable,
susceptible (biol.); caused by affect,
affective (philos.)
infilya excitability, irritability
(biol.)
fil efective; efficacious, efficient;
(pl. -n) doer, actor, perpetrator; (pl.
faala) worker, workman, laborer; --
active subject of a verbal clause (gram.)
ism al-f. nomen agentis, active
participle (gram.); radioactive
filya effectiveness, efficacy;
activity
mafl object (gram.);
do.; -- (pl. mafl2) effect,
impression, impact; effectiveness, validity
ism al-m. nomen patientis,
passive participle (gram.); sar
mafluh to be or become effective, be
valid ( for); sr l-m. valid
(e.g., an identity card); ( raj)
retroactive force, retroactivity
munfail excited, agitated, upset;
irritable
muftaal artificial, fabricated,
forged, falsified, false, spurious 720
IV to cram, jam, pack, fill to overflowing,
fill up ( s.th. with)
mufam brimful, chock-full, filled
to capacity or overflowing, replete,
overfull, filled entirely, crammed,
jampacked ( with)
afan f., pl. afin adder, viper, asp
ufuwn adder, viper, asp
fugra a u (fagr) to open ( the mouth)
(mouth)
fugra pl. fugar mouth of a
valley
fagfr fine porcelain
fgiya henna blossom
faqaa a ( faq) to knock out, gouge out
( an eye); to lance, open ( an abscess,
and the like) ( ainah) to deal
s.o. (an opponent, an enemy) a heavy
blow, ruin s.o. V to burst, explode, pop
faqa pl. fiq anus, anal orifice
faqada i (faqd, fiqdn, fuqdn) to fail
to find ( s.o., s.th.); to lose ( s.o.,
s.th.); to have lost, miss (, s.o., s.th.); not
to have ( s.th.), be bereaved ( of s.o.), be
deprived, bereft, destitute ( of s.th.); to
mislay, have mislaid ( s.th.); to miss (
an opportunity, and the like)
(awbah) to go out of ones mind IV to
cause ( s.o.) to lose or miss or forfeit (
 s.th.); to bereave, deprive, dispossess, rob
( s.o. of s.th.) V to seek ( s.th.), look,
search ( for s.th.); to examine, study,
survey, inspect, check, investigate (
s.th.); to visit ( s.th.), review, inspect (
troops, and the like) VIII = V; to miss (,
s.o., s.th.) X to miss ( s.o., s.th.)
faqd loss; bereavement
faqd lost, missing; dead, deceased;
deceased person f. al-ilm one
whose death is deplored by science;
the deceased
fiqdn, fuqdn loss; bereavement
f. a-awb folly, madness;
loss of memory, amnesia
tafaqqud pl. -t examination, study,
survey, inspection, check, investigation;
review, inspection (e.g., of troops); visit
iftiq examination, study, survey,
inspection, check, investigation; review,
inspection (e.g., of troops); visit
fqid devoid, destitute, bereft,
deprived (of s.th.; with foll. genitive),
bereaved (of s.o.; with foll. genitive);
-less, un-, in-; loser
unconscious; insensible, senseless;
unconscionable, unscrupulous,
unhesitating; people without
education, unmannered people
mafqd lost, missing, nonexistent,
absent, lacking, wanting; missing person
mutafaqqid controller, inspector
faqara u i (faqr) to pierce, bore, perforate (
s.th.); -- faqura u ( faqra) to be or
become poor, needy II to pierce, bore,
perforate ( s.th.) IV to make poor,
impoverish ( s.o., s.th.), reduce ( s.o.)
to poverty; to put ( s.o.) in need ( of
s.th.) VIII to become poor; to need (
s.o., s.th.), lack, require ( s.th.), be in
need, be in want ( of s.o., of s.th.)
faqr poverty; need, lack, want
fiqra pl. fiqrt, fiqart, fiqar
vertebra; section, paragraph, passage,
article
fiqr spinal, vertebral
( silsila) or ( amd) spine, (zool.)
vertebral column; ( ayawnt)
vertebrates 722
faqr (coll.; n. un. )vertebra;
faqr spine, vertebral column
faqr spinal, vertebral
( silsila) spine, vertebral column
faqr pl. fuqar2 poor,
poverty-stricken; poor man, pauper;
mendicant dervish, Sufi mendicant
iftiqr need, requirement, want,
lack ( of)
faqqs a kind of large cucumber (= )
mifqas pl. mafqis2 incubator
faqaa i (faq) to break, crush ( s.th.)
faq: ( lauz) thin-shelled
almonds
II to hatch, incubate ( an egg; of a bird)
faq (coll.; n. un. )a kind of
large cucumber
tafq hatching, incubation
( t. il-bai) or
incubator
II: faqqaa l-isba to
write the word faqa only after the
total on an invoice so as to prevent
fraudulent additions; to spell out the
figures of an invoice
faqa only, no more (postpositive);
altogether, total (after figures)
faqaa a to burst, pop, explode II to crack,
snap, pop VII = faqaa
fuqqa pl. faqq2 bubble
fqi bright yellow; bright, intense,
brilliant, vivid (color)
fqia pl. fawqi2 blister,
vesicle; pustule
faqima a (faqam, faqm, fuqm), faquma
u ( faqma) and VI to be or become
grave, serious, critical, dangerous,
increase dangerously, become aggravated,
reach alarming proportions, come to a
head
fuqqam, fuqm (coll.; n. un. )seal
 tafqum aggravation, increasing
gravity
faqnas phoenix
faqiha a (fiqh) to understand, comprehend (
s.th.); -- faqiha a (fiqh) and faquha u (
faqha) to have knowledge, esp.,
have legal knowledge II to teach ( s.o.),
instruct ( s.o. in) IV to teach ( s.o.
s.th.), instruct ( s.o. in s.th.) V to
understand, comprehend ( s.th.); to study
the fiqh (q.v.); to apply o.s. to the
acquisition of knowledge ( in), study (
s.th.), devote ones studies to (), work at
or on s.th. ( ;)to gain information, get a
clear picture, obtain a clear idea
fiqh understanding, comprehension;
knowledge; jurisprudence in Islam,
fiqh f. al-luga (indigenous,
Arabic) philology
fiqh juristic(al); relating to
jurisprudence in Islam
faqh pl. fuqah2 legist, redemption, liberation, emancipation,
jurisprudent (and theologian), expert of
fiqh (q.v.); -- (popular usage; eg.,
pronounced fiq) reciter of the Koran;
elementary school teacher
fakka (1st pers. perf. fakaktu) u (fakk)
to separate, disjoin, disconnect, sever,
sunder ( s.th.); to break (open) ( s.th.,
e.g., a seal); to open ( s.th., e.g., the
hand); to dislocate, disjoint ( s.th., e.g., a
bone); to take apart, disassemble,
dismount, take to pieces, disintegrate,
break up, decompose, dismember,
fragmentize ( s.th.); to dismantle, tear
723 down ( s.th.); to untie. unbind,
unfasten, undo ( s.th.); to detach,
disengage, take off ( s.th. from); to
unbutton ( s.th.); to unscrew ( s.th.); to
lift, raise ( al-ajza the confiscation,
of s.th.); to solve ( s.th., e.g., a
problem); (eg.) to change ( money); --
fakka (1st pers. perf. fakaktu) u (fakk,
fikk, fakk) to ransom, redeem, buy off,
liberate, emancipate, release, set free (
s.o.); -- fakkka u (fakk, fukk) to
redeem ( s.th., e.g., a pledge) II to
loosen, unfasten ( s.th.); to take to
pieces, take apart, disassemble, dismount (
s.th.); to disrupt, shatter, fragmentize (
s.th.) V to be taken apart, be
disassembled, be dismounted; to be
disrupted, be shattered, be fragmentized;
to break apart (e.g., a ship); to split,
fissure, fission, break up, dissolve,
disintegrate, come apart VII to be
separated, be disjoined, be disconnected,
be loosened, be unfastened, be undone, be
untied, be unbound, be unbuttoned, be
unscrewed; to separate o.s., detach o.s.
disengage o.s. ( from), rid o.s. ( of)
( with foll. imperf. or predicative
aco.) not to atop doing, keep doing VIII to
redeem ( s.th., e.g., a pledge); to
dissolve, break up, separate, disintegrate,
destroy ( s.th.); to snatch away (
s.th. from s.o.)
fakk redemption (of a pledge); (pl.
fukk) jawbone, jaw the
lower jaw, mandible; ( al) the
upper jaw, maxilla
fakka small change, coins
fikk, fakk disengagement;
release; ransom
mifakk pl. -t screw driver
tafkk fragmentation,
dismemberment, decomposition O
t. ad-darra nuclear fission
tafakkuk fragmentation, breakup,
dissolution, disruption, rupture, disunion,
split; disintegration, decomposition
infikk disengagement
iftikk redemption (of a pledge)
mafkk loose
mufakkak disconnected, disjointed,
incoherent (words, phrases)
fakara u i (fakr) to reflect, meditate,
cogitate, ponder, muse, speculate ( on),
revolve in ones mind, think over,
contemplate, consider ( s.th.); to think (
of, also )II = I; to remind ( or
s.o. of) IV = I; V to reflect, meditate,
cogitate, ponder, muse, speculate ( on),
revolve in ones mind, think, over,
contemplate, consider ( s.th.); to think (
of) VIII = V; to remember, recall,
recollect ( , s.o., s.th.)
 fikr pl. afkr thinking,
cogitation, reflection, meditation,
speculation, contemplation, consideration;
thought, ideas, notion, concept; opinion,
view absent-minded,
distracted; muawwa al-f.
confused, bewildered, perplexed,
dismayed, embarrassed
fikra pl. fikar thought, idea,
notion, concept; qualm, scruple, demur,
hesitation ( father to the
thought =) the originator, author;
(eg.) incidentally , by the way ...,
speaking of ..., apropos (of) ...
fikr ideational, ideative,
speculative, mental; intellectual
fakr pensive, meditative,
cogitative, thoughtful
tafkr thinking, cogitation,
meditation, reflection; speculation,
contemplation, consideration; thought 724
tafakkur thinking, cogitation,
meditation, reflection; speculation,
contemplation, consideration
mufakkir thinking, reflecting,
meditating, pondering, musing; pensive,
meditative, cogitative; thinker
mufakkira notebook
(yaumya) diary, journal
mufakart thoughts,
considerations
fakaa u to sprain VII to be
sprained
fakiha a (fakah, fakha) to be see
or become gay, merry, cheerful, sportive,
jocular, humorous II to amuse ( s.o.) with
jokes III to joke, jest, make fun ( with),
banter ( s.o.) V to amuse o.s., have fun (
with), be amused ( by); to joke, make
fun
fakih gay, merry, gleeful, jolly,
cheerful, sportive, fun-loving, jocular,
humorous; amusing (thing)
fukha joking, jesting, fun-
making; humor
fukh humorous, humoristic;
humorist
ufkha joking, jesting, fun-
making; humor; pl. afkh2 jokes,
jests, pranks, antics
tafkiha amusement, exhilaration,
delectation
mufkaha bantering talk, joking,
kidding
tafakkuh delight, enjoyment,
amusement, diversion; humorous talk,
joking, banter
fkih gay, merry, gleeful, jolly,
funny; humorous
fkiha (coll.) pl. fawkih2
fruit(s)
fkihn fruit seller, fruit dealer
2
falla u (fall) to dent, notch, blunt (
s.th., e.g., a sword); to break ( s.th.); --
falla to flee, run away
(garbah), ( iddatih) and
to weaken s.o.; to dampen, subdue
s.o.; ( abhu) to weaken s.o. II to
dent, notch, blunt ( s.th., e.g., a sword)
fall pl. full dent, notch, jag; --
fall (for sg. and pl.) pl. full,
afll, fulll defeated, vanquished;
scattered remnants of an army
mafll dented, jagged, notched,
blunt
2
fill, full (eg.) Arabian jasmine (Jasminum
sambac L.; bot.)
3
fall, fill cork
4
villa pl. -t villa, country house
falata i (falt) to escape ( s.o., s.th.;
from), slip away, get away ( from s.o.,
from s.th.); to he freed, he set free, be
released, be liberated, he set at liberty; to
let ( s.o., s.th.) escape or slip away or
get away, let loose, free, release, liberate,
set free, set at liberty ( s.o., s.th.) IV =
I; V to escape ( s.o., s.th.; from), slip
away, get away ( from s.o., from s.th.);
to free o.s., extricate o.s. ( from); to be
freed, be set free, be released, be liberated,
be set at liberty VII to escape ( s.o.,
s.th.; from), slip away, get away ( from
s.o., from s.th.); to free o.s., extricate o.s. (
 from); to he finished ( with); to be
freed, he set free, he released, he liberated,
he set at liberty
falat escape
falta pl. falatt unexpected event,
unexpected, turn; extravagance; slip,
oversight, error. lapse; faltatan suddenly,
unexpectedly 725
falt pl. faltya (eg.)
licentious, wanton, dissolute, debauched;
debauchee, libertine, rou, rake; good-for-
nothing, neer-do-well
aflt escape
infilt escape
flit escaped, free, at liberty, at
large; escapee; (pl. fu1at2)
licentious, wanton, dissolute, debauched;
debauchee, libertine, rou, rake; good-for-
nothing, neer-do-well
1 money; scales (of a fish)
falaja u i (falj) to split, cleave ( s.th.);
pass. fulija to be semiparalyzed II to split,
cleave ( s.th.) VII to be semiparalyzed
falj pl. fulj crack, split, crevice,
fissure, cleft, rift
flij semiparalysis, hemiplegia
maflj semiparalyzed, hemiplegic
2
pl. look up alphabetically
filjn = finjn filsn2 Palestine
falaa a (fal) to split, cleave ( s.th.); to
plow, till, cultivate ( al-ara the
land) ( yuflau) lit.: falsafa to philosophize II tafalsafa do.; to
iron is cleft with iron, i.e., approx.:
rudeness must be met with rudeness IV
and X to thrive, prosper, become happy;
to have luck or success, be lucky, be
successful in, with)
fal thriving, prosperity;
salvation; welfare; success
fila cultivation, tillage;
agriculture, farming, husbandry
fall pl. -n, falla tiller of
the soil, husbandman; peasant, farmer,
fellah
falla pl. -t peasant woman;
peasant girl
fall peasants, farmers,
farming, country, rural, rustic, agricultural
fli lucky, fortunate, successful
mufli lucky, fortunate, successful;
one who prospers, one who is well off
1
filda pl. filadt, filad, afld a piece
(of meat) f. kabidih his own
blood, his own child; a. al-ard
the hidden treasures of the earth
2
and look up alphabetically
look up alphabetically
filizz, filazz pl. -t (nonprecious) metal
II to declare ( s.o.) bankrupt or insolvent
IV to be or become bankrupt or insolvent,
to fail; to be ruined
fals (colloq. pronounced fils) pl.
fuls fels, a small coin, in Iraq and
Jordan = 1/1000 of a dinar; pl. ( eg.)
tafls (n. vic. )declaration of
bankruptcy; (pl. tafls2) bankruptcy,
insolvency, failure receiver
(in bankruptcy; Eg.)
ifls bankruptcy, insolvency,
failure
muflis pl. mafls2 bankrupt,
insolvent
filasn Palestinian; (pl. -n) a
Palestinian
pretend to be a philosopher
falsafa philosophy
fallaf philosophic(al)
failasf pl. falsifa
philosopher
mufalsif pl. -n philosopher
mutafalsif philosophaster,
philosophist 726
vol pl. avl volt (el.)
falaa to make broad, broaden, flatten(
s.th.)
filt broad, flattened, flat
 mufali broad, flattened, flat
falaa a (fal) to split, cleave, rend, tear
asunder ( s.th.) II do.
fal, fil pl. ful crack, split,
crevice, fissure, cleft, rift
falfala to pepper ( s.th.)
fulful, filfil (coll.; n. un. )pepper;
n. un. peppercorn ( ahar) film pl. aflm film; motion picture
green peppers; drafilfil (eg.) a
variety of pepper (Piper Chaba Hout.;
bot.)
fulful, filfil pepperlike, peppery,
pepperish
mufalfal peppered
falaqa i (falq) to split, cleave, rive, sunder,
tear asunder ( s.th.); to cause ( dawn)
to break, dispel the shadows of night (of
God) II to split, cleave, rive, sunder, tear
asunder ( s.th.) V to be split, be cleft, be
torn apart; to split, cleave, crack, fissure,
be or become cracked, be full of cracks or
fissures VII = V; to burst; to break
(dawn); (eg.) infaliq go hang yourself! go
to hell!
falq pl. faq crack, split, crevice,
fissure, cleft, rift
falaq daybreak, dawn
filqa pl. filaq one half (of a split
thing)
falaqa a device for holding the legs
of the delinquent during the bastinado
fallq pl. bandit, highwayman,
highway robber
2
failaq pl. fayliq a large
military unit; army corps; corps
1
II to have round breasts (girl); (syr.) to
predict the future, prophecy
falak pl. aflk celestial sphere;
celestial body, star; circuit, orbit (of
celestial bodies) ilm al-f.
astronomy; astrology
fulk (m. and f.) ship, (also coll.)
ships; (Noahs) Ark
falak astronomic(al); astrologic(al)
(pl. -un, falakya) astronomer,
astrologer do.
maflk ill-starred, unlucky,
unfortunate
mufallik girl with round breasts
2
falka pl. falik2 sloop, felucca;
boat
falik ( )boatman
falkana to vulcanize ( s.th.)
( mujassam) 3 D film;
(mulawwan) color film; sound film
falamand Flemish; Fleming
falamank Dutch, Hollandish,
Netherlander
1
fuln, f. fulna2 (substituting for an
unnamed or unspecified person or thing)
so-and-so
fuln adjective of the above
at such and such an hour
2
look up alphabetically
falandra Flanders
falanka pl. -t (railroad) tie, sleeper (eg.)
filw pl. afl; faluw, fuluw pl.
afl, falw colt, foal 727
falan (coll.; n. un. falh) pl.
falawt, afl waterless desert; open
country; open space
al-mafl the pastures, the
grazing grounds
filr fluorine (chem.)
O mufalwir fluorescent
1
fal i (faly) to delouse, search for lice (
s.th.); to examine, scrutinize, investigate (
s.th.) II to delouse, search for lice, rid of
lice ( s.th.) V to louse o.s.
fliya spotted dung beetle;
touchhole (of old-time firearms)
2
fulayy = ( see below)
al-filbn the Philippine Islands
falln and fallna cork
, fulayya (eg.) pennyroyal (Mentha
pulegium L.; bot.)
falyn godchild (Chr.)
 fam (construct state also f) pl. afwh;
(eg.) fumm pl. afmm mouth; muzzle;
orifice, aperture, hole, vent; mouth,
embouchure (of a river), head (of a canal,
etc.); mouthpiece (esp., of a cigarette, of a
pipe, etc.); cigarette holder fam
al-t star in the constellation Piecis
Australis, Fomalhaut; wind
instruments
II to diversify, vary, variegate ( s.th.),
bring variety or diversity ( into s.th.); to
mix, mingle, jumble ( s.th.) V to be or
become manifold, multifarious, varied,
variegated, diverse, many-sided, versatile;
to use different kinds; to be a specialist, an
expert, a master ( in a field), master (
s.th.) VIII = V
fann pl. funn, afnn, fanaka a to squeeze ( s.th.); to invalidate,
afnn2 kind, specimen, variety; pl.
Various sides (of s.th.), diversity
all kinds of, sundry, various;
(junn) insanity has many varieties,
manifests itself in many ways; -- (pl.
funn) scientific discipline, field of work,
special field, specialty; art
(arb) art of war, strategy; or particularize, itemize ( s.th.) IV to prove
or O ( s.o.) wrong; to disprove, confute, refute,
(mustarafa) the fine arts; f. al-
maktabt library science; funduq pl. fandiq2 hotel, inn
(uf) science of journalism; journalism
fann specialist(ic); expert,
professional; technical; artistic(al);
tactical, strategic(al); technician; artist
fannya artistry
fanan pl. afnn branch, twig (of
a tree), of a shrub)
fannn pl. -n artist O
pl. ( umm`al) artistic
handicraftsman, commercial artist
fannna woman artist
ufnn pl. afnn2 branch, twig
(of a tree)
tafannun diversity, variety,
multiplicity, multifariousness; many-
sidedness, versatility ( in); varied
activity, activity in various fields;
mastery; skillful, workmanlike or chic
manner
iftinn diversity, variety,
multiplicity, multifariousness; many-
sidedness, versatility ( in); varied
activity, activity in various fields; mastery
mutafannin many-sided, versatile
muftann masterful, expert,
mastering ones field
fanr pl. -t lighthouse
finjl pl. fanjl2 =
finjn and finjna pl.
fanjn2 cup; coffee cup
( zaubaalan) to cause a tempest
in a teapot
fanjara: ( ainaihi) to stare, glare
( at s.o., at s.th.)
nullify, void ( s.th.); to break ( a
contract, an agreement)
II to call ( s.o.) a liar, prove ( s.o.) wrong,
disprove, confute, refute, rebut ( s.o.,
s.th.); to classify, specify ( s.th., e.g., the
items of an invoice); to detail,
rebut ( s.o., s.th.)
pl. -t look up alphabetically
pl. look up alphabetically
II to detail, particularize, itemize, enumrate
item by item ( s.th.)
fins pl. fans2 water tank,
reservoir, cistern; large container
fins pl. fans2 broad-
nosed
finsa pl. fans2 snout
(of swine)
funugrf pl. t phonograph
V to live in ease and affluence
1
fanak fennec (zool.)
2
look up alphabetically
finland Finland
finland Finnish; Finn
faniya a ( fan) to pass away, perish,
cease to exist, come to nought; to come to
 an end, cease, wane, dwindle, evanesce,
vanish; to be extinguished, become
extinct; to be exhausted, be consumed, be
spent; to undergo obliteration of the self;
to become totally absorbed ( by)
imperishable, inexhaustible IV to
annihilate, bring to nought, ruin, destroy (
s.o., s.th.); to exhaust, consume, wear
out, spend ( s.o., s.th.); to cause (
s.th.) to become absorbed or consumed (
by) VI to annihilate each other; to be
consumed ( by), lose o.s. ( in),
identify o.s. completely ( with); to
dedicate o.s. with heart and soul, give o.s.
over wholeheartedly ( to some activity)
fan passing away, cessation of
being; perdition, ruin, destruction,
annihilation; evanescence, vanishing,
termination, extinction; exhaustion;
nonbeing, nonexistence, nonentity;
extinction of individual consciousness,
recedence of the ego, obliteration of the
self (myst.)
fin pl. afniya courtyard; open
space in front or at either side of a house;
open hall rabat al-f.
hospitable reception, generous
entertainment; ( yak, comprehension. grasp; perceptive faculty,
f. il-gurfa) he walked about the room
ifn annihilation, ruination, ruin,
destruction
tafnin mutual annihilation; self-
denial, self-sacrifice (in an activity)
fnin evanescent, transitory,
transient, ephemeral, vain; exhausted; far
advanced in years, very old
finq Phoenician
finqya2 and finqiy
Phoenicia
( Fr. phnique) fink phenol, carbolic acid,
also understanding, comprehension, grasping,
fahha weakness, impotence
fahd pl. fuhd, afhud lynx (also the mutual agreement, concurrence, accord;
term for cheetah and panther) 729
fahrasa ( fahrasa) to compile an
index ( for a book), to index ( a
book)
fihris and fihrist pl.
fahris2 table of contents, index;
catalogue; list
fahima a (fahm, faham) to understand,
comprehend, realize ( s.th.); to note (
s.th.), take note, take cognizance ( of
s.th.); to hear, learn ( of s.th. from),
be informed ( of s.th. by); to
understand s.o., understand what s.o. says
or means ( yufhamu) it is reported,
it is said that , we understand that ... II
to make ( s.o.) understand or see ( s.th.),
instruct ( s.o. in s.th.), give ( s.o.
s.th.) to understand IV = II; V to try to
understand or comprehend ( s.th.); to
understand gradually, come to understand
( s.th.); to penetrate, fathom ( s.th.); to
understand, comprehend ( s.th.) VI to
understand one another; to communicate
with each other; to reach an
understanding, come to an agreement,
come to terms ( with, in, about); to
be comprehended, be understood VIII to
understand, comprehend ( s.th.) X to
inquire ( or s. of s.o. about s.th.), ask (
or s.o. s.th. or about s.th.)
fahm pl. afhm understanding;
perceptivity; brains, intellect;
discernment, acumen, penetration, insight,
intelligence s al-f.
misapprehension, misunderstanding
fahim quick-witted, of acute
discernment
fahm pl. fuham2 discerning,
judicious, sensible, intelligent
fahma very understanding,
extremely sympathetic
tafhm instruction, orientation
tafahhum gradual understanding;
grasp
tafhum mutual understanding,
understanding ( with, on, about);
agreement, arrangement ( with)
s at-t. (mutual)
misunderstanding, discord, disharmony,
dissension
 istifhm inquiry ( about; also tafwt pl. -t alienation, transfer,
;)question almat al- sale (tun.)
ist. question mark tafwut difference, dissimilarity,
istifhm interrogative (gram.) disparity, contract; disharmony
mafhm understood; iftiyt treason ( to), betrayal (
comprehensible, intelligible, of), offense ( against)
understandable; known; sense, meaning,
fit past, elapsed (time); passing;
signification; (pl. mafhm2) notion, transitory, transient; passerby
concept in the literal sense,
literally; unequivocally, unambiguously, mutafwit different
clearly; it is said, it is reported ( It. fotografia) fotgrJfiy
that photography
f see fam fotgrfiya photographic;
( Fr.) fuwl voile (dress material) photographer
fuwa (eg.) madder (Rubia tinctorum L.; ( Fr. fauteuil) fth pl. -t armchair,
bot.) fauteuil
) )fta u (faut, fawt) to pass away, fauj pl. afwj group, crowd, troop,
vanish; to be over, be past; to go by s.o. ( band; detachment; party; shift (in a mine);
), pass s.o. ( ;)to escape, elude ( s.o.), battalion (Ir. till 1922; Syr., Leb.);
slip away; to abandon, give up, leave regiment (Ir. since 1922); afwjan in
behind, relinquish ( s.th.); to anticipate, droves, in crowds tabaddul al-
forestall ( s.o.); to exceed, surpass ( f. change of shift
s.o. by) ( waqt) it is (too) late; ) )fa u (fau, fawan) to
it escaped him that ...; he omitted, diffuse an aroma, exhale a pleasant odor,
neglected, failed, or forgot to ...; he failed be fragrant; to spread, diffuse, emanate
to see that ..., he overlooked the fact that (fragrance) ( da l-
; ( yafuthu) he did not fail to ..., qadja) he was reputed to be a holy man
he did not neglect to ...; ftatu
l-furatu he missed the opportunity; faua fragrant emanation, breath
he missed the train II to make ( of fragrance
s.th.) escape ( s.o.); to cause ( s.o.) faww exhaling, diffusing
to miss ( s.th.); to let ( s.o.) pass; to (fragrance)
alienate, sell ( s.th., tun.) IV to make 730
( s.th.) escape ( s.o.); to make ( s.o.) faud pl. afwd temple; hair around the
miss ( s.th.) VI to differ, be different, be temples
dissimilar VIII to offend against s.th. ( 1
) )fra u (faur, fawarn) to boil,
), act contrary to (), belie, betray ( simmer, bubble; to boil over (also fig.); to
s.th.) effervesce, fizz; to flare up, burst into
faut escape; -- (pl. afwt) passion; to gush forth, well forth, gush up,
distance, interval; difference shoot up (water from the ground) II to
make ( s.th.) boil (also fig., e.g., the
fawt passing, lapse f. blood); to excite, stir up ( s.th.) IV to
al-ajal the passing of the appointed time, make ( s.th.) boil
expiration of the deadline; ( bi-
l-mudda) superannuation; faur boiling, simmering, bubbling,
( ))f. il-waqt, il-awn) too late; ebullition, etc. (see I); fauran at once,
) )before it is too late right away, instantly, forthwith, on the
spot, without delay, promptly,
fuwait (m. and f.) one following immediately, directly; faura (prep.)
his, or her, own opinion only, acting in immediately after or )
his, or her, way only etc.) or at once, right away,
 instantly, forthwith, on the spot, without confer ( on, about, with) VI to
delay, promptly, immediately, directly negotiate or treat or parley with one
another, confer ( on, about); to negotiate
faur prompt, instantaneous,
instant, immediate, direct ( s.th.), treat, parley, confer ( on,
about; with)
faura flare-up, outburst, tantrum
fau disorder, disarray,
fawwr boiling up, ebullient; confusion, tohubohu, chaos; anarchy
effervescent, fizzing; bubbling (spring,
fauaw anarchic; chaotic
etc.); foaming, frothy; hot-headed,
irascible fauawya anarchism
fawwra spring, fountain, jet tafw entrustment, commitment,
deau consignment, commission(ing), charging;
fawarn boiling, simmering, authorization, empowerment, delegation
of authority; authority, warrant,
bubbling, ebullition; flare up, outburst
authorization, mandate, mandatory power,
fira uproar, riot; commotion, procuration, proxy, power of attorney
agitation, excitement 731 ( ) )mulaq, tmm) general
2
pl. and look up alphabetically power of attorney, unlimited authority;
warrant of attorney
= fura
mufwaa pl. -t negotiation,
( It. forcina) furna hairpin parley, talk, conference; partnership (Isl.
= look up alphabetically Law) to open
negotiations
) )fza u (fauz) to be successful,
be victorious, triumph; to attain, achieve, mufawwa authorized agent,
accomplish, obtain, gain, win ( s.th.); to deputy, proxy, mandatory; commissioner
defeat, beat ( an opponent, with; minister plenipotentiary
sports, etc.); to escape ( s.th.) (dipl.); ( sm) the High
( bi-ilin) to fail, be unsuccessful, Commissioner (formerly in Syr.)
accomplish nothing II to cross the desert, mufawwaya pl. -t legation
travel through or in the desert (dipl.); commissariat
success, triumph, victory; (uly) the High Commissariat (formerly
obtainment, attainment, achievement, in Syr.); mustar al-m.
accomplishment; escape counselor of legation (dipl.)
mafza pl. -t, mafwiz2 fa pl. fuwa apron. pinafore; napkin,
desert serviette; towel
fiz successful, victorious, faua: fauat a-bb prime of
triumphant; victor, winner youth
fiza victress, winner ff pellicle, membrane
fs = fas ffa pellicle, membrane
fusft phosphate mufawwaf: ( taub) white-
striped garment
and look up alphabetically
) )fqa u (fauq, fawq) to surpass,
fufr phosphorus excel, overtop ( s.o., s.th.), tower (
II to entrust, consign, commit ( or above); to be superior ( to s.o.); to
to s.o. s.th.); to entrust, charge ( or outweigh, outbalance; to transcend,
s.o. with), commission s.o. ( or )to do exceed ( s.th.); -- to remember ( s.th.)
s.th. ( ;)to authorize, empower, delegate )fuwq, fuwq) to give
( or s.o.), give full power ( or to up the ghost, expire, die II to direct, level (
s.o.) ill to negotiate ( s.th.), treat, parley, a weapon at), aim ( s.th. at); 732
to (a)waken, wake up, revive, restore to tafawwuq superiority;
consciousness ( s.o.); to clear, sober ( preponderance, predominance,
the head); to remind ( s.o.) IV to recover, ascendancy, supremacy; above-average
recuperate, convalesce ( from), regain performance, talent
health; to wake up, awake; to get up ( promotion of young talent
min an-naum from sleep); to be fiq superior; surpassing,
awake; to come to, regain consciousness ( excellent, exquisite, first-rate; outstanding,
after, e.g., after a swoon, after a state of remarkable, striking; pre-eminent;
intoxication); to awaken, arouse, stir up ( exceeding, extraordinary; going far
s.o. from) V to be superior ( to), beyond (a restriction, etc.); awake,
surpass, excel, overtop ( s.o., s.th.). waking, wakeful
tower ( above); to do excellent work,
show outstanding skill ( in, with); to mafq awake, waking, wakeful
pass an examination with distinction ( in mutafawwiq superior; surpassing,
a course) X to recover, recuperate, excellent, exquisite, first-rate, outstanding,
convalesce ( from), regain health; to remarkable, striking; pre-eminent; victor
wake up, awaken; to get up ( min
an-naum from sleep); to be awake; to mustafq awake, waking, wakeful
come to, regain consciousness ( after, fl (coll.; n. un. )pl. -t bean(s); broad
e.g., after a swoon, after a state of bean(s), horse bean(s) ( eg.,
intoxication) mdammis) cooked broad beans with oil
fauqu (adv.) up, upstairs, on top, (national dish in Egypt);
above; fauqa (prep.) above, over; on, on (sdn) peanut(s)
top of; beyond, more than f. al- fawwl seller of beans
add boundless, unlimited, infinite,
excessive, exaggerated; moreover, fld steel
besides, furthermore, in addition to that, fld and fuld steel (adj.),
beyond that; ( banafsaj) of steel, made of steel; steely, steel-like,
ultraviolet; supernatural; steel-hard
extraordinary, unusual, exceptional;
volt volt (el.)
special, emergency (e.g., meeting);
in addition to the fact that it ..., beyond its fm = tm
being ...; and upward, and more fungrf pl. -t phonograph
(than that); min fauqih above it;
from above it, from atop it ) )fha u (fauh) to pronounce, utter,
voice, say ( s.th.) V = I
fauqn located higher or above,
higher, upper afwh pl. of fam; -- afwh,
afwh aromatic, spices 733
fqa poverty, want, neediness,
indigence fuwa (eg.) madder (Rubia tinctorum
L.; bot.)
fuwq hiccup(s); gasping of a
dying person, death rattle fha pl. -t, afwh,
fawih2 mouth; opening, aperture, orifice,
afwq2 (pl. of fqa) milk hole, vent; muzzle; crater; abyss, gulf,
(gathering in the udder between two chasm; hydrant (syr.)
milkings); (fig.) boons, kindness,
benefactions araan afwah2 broad-mouthed
a. birrih he showered me with kindnesses mufawwah eloquent
ifqa recovery, recuperation, f (prep.) in; at; on; near, by; within, during;
convalescence; awakening; revival, among, in the company of, with; about,
restoration to consciousness on; concerning, regarding, with reference
to, with regard or respect to, as to j
 dealing with, treating of, consisting in (in
book titles); for the sake of, on behalf of,
because of, for; according to; in
proportion to; (as to syntactical regimen
see under the respective verb)
... do you feel like ...? would you like
to ...? do you want to ...? five
times three; five meters acquire, gain, win ( s.th.); to learn, be
by ten (width and length);
(kidb) lie after lie; ( kalm) just
so many words, idle talk; from), profit, benefit ( or by), turn (
our social relations are those of kinsfolk;
fm ma or utilize, turn to profitable use, use ( or
(zamn) in the past; formerly, before;
( yal) and ( badu) in the
following, in what follows, below;
(ataqidu) as I believe; among
themselves, among them;
tabassama f kubt he smiled maliciously
fm (conj.) while; in that, as
in case that , if
1
) )fa i ( fai) to return; to shift from
west to east (shadow) II to afford shadow,
be shady (tree) IV to give as booty (
to s.o. s.th.); to give, afford, grant, award (
to s.o. s.th.), bestow ( upon
s.o. s.th.) V to shade o.s. ( or with
s.th.), seek shade ( or under s.th.)
fai pl. afy, fuy advantageous; favorable, profitable;
(afternoon) shadow
2
see
ftmn pl. -t vitamin
viyetnm Vietnam
vt, vt veto (pol.) aqq al-v. fdirl federalistic ( daula)
veto power (pol.)
faitn phaeton (light four-wheeled
carriage)
2 2
afya , f. fai fragrant, redolent,
aromatic, sweet-smelling; wide, vast,
extensive; epithet of Damascus
fayy heavy-scented, strong-
smelling
( )IV to benefit, help, avail ( s.o.), be of use,
of help, bring advantages ( to s.o.), be
useful, helpful, beneficial, profitable,
advantageous ( for s.o.); to teach ( s.o.
s.th.); to notify, advise ( or s.o. of),
acquaint ( or s.o. with s.th.), inform (
or s.o. of, about), let ( s.o.) know (
or about); to report ( or s.th., also,
e.g., to the police; or that); to
acquire, gain, win ( s.th.); to derive
benefit, profit, or advantage ( from),
profit, benefit ( by), turn ( s.th.) to
account or advantage; (gram.) to convey a
complete, self-contained meaning X to
told, be informed ( about); to derive
benefit profit, or advantage ( or
or s.th.) to account or advantage; to
s.th.), make use ( or of s.th.); to
gather, conclude, deduce, infer ( from)
afyad2 more useful; more profitable
ifda utility, usefulness, benefit,
advantage; (pl. -t) notice, notification,
communication, information, message;
734 testimony, deposition (in court)
acknowledgment of receipt
istifda utilization, use
fida pl. fawid2 utility,
avail, benefit, advantage; gain, profit;
interest (on money); useful lesson, moral;
use (e.g., of a medicine)
mufd useful, beneficial,
instructive
mufd contents, substance, purport,
meaning (e.g., of an article)
iatun mufduh an a rumor to the
effect that ...
federal state
fairz and fairzaj turquoise
vairus pl. -t virus
( Engl.) vz visa
fziy physics
fziy physical
fsiyljiy physiology
1
(Fr. fiche) f pl. -t (electric) plug (syr.)
2
fayy braggart, show-off, self-inflated
person
faial see
 ) )fa i (fai, fayan) to )> see above) fyi usury (eg.)
overflow, flow over, run over; to inundate,
flood, deluge ( s.th.); to flow, stream,
pour forth, issue, emanate; to abound,
super abound, be abundant, plentiful,
superabundant; -- (fai) to spread (of
news); -- (fai, fuy): or 1
( ruh, nafsuh) to give up the ghost
IV to pour forth; to fill ( s.th.) to
overflowing; to pour, pour out, pour forth
( s.th. over), shed ( s.th., esp.
tears); to be prolix, long-winded, verbose (
in ones speech); to abandon o.s.
without restraint ( to s.th.); to speak or
report extensively, in detail, at great
length ( about), dwell ( on), describe in
detail ( to s.o. s.th.); to pronounce
distinctly ( a word) X to pour forth.
spread ( over), flood ( s.th.); to
spread (of news); to be superabundant, be
too much; to be elaborate, complete in
detail, exhaustive, thorough
fai flood, inundation, deluge;
emanation; superabundance, plenty,
copiousness, abundance; (pl. fuy)
stream
fayy overflowing, effusive,
exuberant; elaborate, exhaustive (speech);
munificent, bountiful, liberal, generous
brilliant, overflowing with
ideas
fayan flood, inundation, deluge
the annual inundation of the
Nile
maf outlet, vent, drain; escape,
way out we cannot help
doing it, we cannot but do it; ( It. Vienna) fiyenn, viynn Vienna
(yajidu) he must by all means ...;
he cant find an opportunity
to speak freely
ifa elaborateness, detailedness,
exhaustiveness
istifa (super)abundance,
plenty; profusion
fi abundant, copious, plentiful,
profuse, superabundant; surplus; (pl.
fawi2) interest (on money)
mustaf elaborate, detailed,
extensive, exhaustive, thorough
fyig usurer (eg.)
faif2 pl. fayfin desert
( Fr. vicomte) viknt and (Engl.)
vaikaunt viscount 735
) )fla i ( fuyla, failla) to be
erroneous (view)
2
fl pl. fiyala, fuyl, afyl
elephant; bishop (chess) sinn al-
f. ivory
vill pl. villa, country house
ddn al-flriy filaria (zool.)
al-flibn the Philippines
failaj, failaja pl. faylij2 cocoon
of the silkworm
failasf pl. falsifa philosopher
failaq pl. fayliq2 large military unit;
army corps; corps
= film film
flljiy philology
fma = f-m why? wherefore?
fm see
faina pl. -t time, point of time, instant,
moment ( al-fainata),
al-fainata bada l-ukr,
from time to time,
now and then, once in a while, at times,
sometimes
fainn having beautiful, luxuriant
hair; luxuriant, long, flowing (hair)
fns Venus
fnsiy Venice
fnq Phoenician; (pl. -n) a Phoenician
II tafaihaqa to be prolix, long-
winded, circumstantial
faihaqa prolixity, long-windedness
al-fayym El Faiym (town in N
Egypt)

abbreviation of daqqa minute
qdis2 Cdiz (seaport in SW Spain)
qds pl. qawds2 water-wheel
bucket, scoop (used in irrigation; Eg.)
( It. gasosa) gzza soda water (saud.-
ar.)
qn faence; porcelain, china
qf name of the letter jabal
al-q. in Islamic cosmology, name of the
mountains surrounding the terrestrial
world
1
qqulla cardamom (bot.)
2 qawwq2 a kind of high headgear made of
qqull a variety of saltwort (Salsola
fruticos; bot.)
qqum ermine
qlab, qlib pl. qawlib2 form; mold;
cake pan; model; matrix; last, boot tree,
shoe tree ( jubn) a (chunk or loaf
of) cheese; ( sukkar) sugar loaf;
( bn) a cake or bar of soap;
( qalban) with heart and soul;
inwardly and outwardly
( Fr. galoche) gal pl. -t galosh,
overshoe
2
qms pl. qawms ocean;
dictionary, lexicon
amar2 qn(in) blood-red, deep-red
qni blood-red, deep-red (= qnin)
qnn pl. qawnn2 canon;
established principle, basic rule, axiom,
norm, regulation, rule, ordinance,
prescript, precept, statute; law; code; tax,
impost; (Tun.) tax on olives and dates; a
stringed musical instrument resembling
the zither, with a shallow, trapezoidal
sound box, set horizontally before the
performer ( ass) basic
constitutional law; statutes;
statutes, constitution; ( jin)
criminal law; penal law;
( akya) personal statute;
( dustr) constitutional law;
( duwal) international law;
q. al-murfat code of procedure
(jur.; Eg.);
(Syr.); as-silk al-idr
administrative law; ( kmw)
chemical formula; ( madan)
civil law
qann canonical; legal, statutory;
lawful, legitimate, licit, accordant with
law or regulations, valid, regular; legist,
jurisprudent, jurist ( aidal)
certified and licensed pharmacist;
gair q. illegal
qnnya legality, lawfulness
qwirma (eg.) mutton or beef cut in
small pieces and braised with squash
(qar) or onions and tomatoes
qwuq and qwq pl.
felt
qwn melon
qyi pl. qawyi leather thong,
strap, belt, girth; strop
1
qabba u (qabb) to chopoff, cut off ( s.th.,
e.g., the hand); to straighten up, draw o.s.
up, become erect; to rise, ascend; to stand
on end, bristle (hair)
qabb pl. aqubb hub, nave (of a
wheel); lever, beam (of a balance)
qubba pl. qibb, qubab
cupola, dome; cupolaed structure, dome-
shaped edifice; domed shrine, memorial
shrine, kubba (esp., of a saint)
q. al-jaras belfry, bell tower; q.
al-islm epithet of the city of Basra
muqabbab cupolaed, domed,
spanned by a cupola or dome; convex
2
qabba pl. -t collar (of a garment)
qabj, qabaj (coll.; n. un. )pl. qibj a
kind of partridge
qabua u (qub, qab, qaba) to be
ugly, repulsive, repugnant, disgusting
(physically or morally); to be
ignominious, infamous, shameful,
disgraceful, foul, vile, base, mean II to
make ugly, repulsive, or repugnant,
disfigure ( s.o., s.th.); to denounce
s.o.s action ( a. filah) as ugly,
 ignominious, infamous, shameful, or knowledge ( from, also ;) to learn
disgraceful; to censure, rebuke ( ( s.th.); to loan, borrow, adopt, take over
s.o. for his action) X to find ( s.o., ( or s.th. from)
s.th.) ugly, repugnant, or repulsive, find ( qabas firebrand; live coal
s.th.) ignominious, infamous, shameful,
disgraceful, foul, vile, base, or mean; to qabsa firebrand
disapprove ( of s.th.), dislike ( s.th.) qbs nightmare
qub, qab ugliness; ignominy, iqtibs learning, acquisition (of
infamy, shamefulness shame on knowledge); loaning, loan, borrowing
him! (fig); adoption, taking over, acceptance,
qab pl. qib, qab, adaptation (of a literary text or passage);
qab ugly, repulsive, repugnant, quotation, citation (of anothers literary
disgusting (physically or morally); work or ideas)
ignominious, infamous, shameful, muqtabast loans, borrowings
disgraceful, foul, vile, base, mean; (fig.)
impudent, shameless, insolent, impertinent
qabaa i (qab) to take up with finger and
qaba pl. qabi2, qib thumb ( s.th.), take a pinch ( of s.th.)
abomination, shameful deed, dirty trick,
low act qaba, quba as much as may be
taken between the finger and the thumb, a
qaba ugliness; ignominy, pinch
infamy, shamefulness 737
qabaa i (qab) to seize, take, grab,
aqba2 uglier; more infamous; grasp, grip, clasp, clutch ( or or
fouler, viler s.o., s.th.), take hold, take possession (
maqbi2 ugly traits, repulsive or or of); to hold ( s.o.,
qualities s.th.); to apprehend, arrest ( s.o.); to
1 receive, collect ( s.th., e.g., money); to
qubbr, qabbr capers (bot.) contract, constringe ( s.th.); to constipate
2
qabara u i (qabr, maqbar) to bury, ( al-bana the bowels); to oppress,
inter, entomb ( , s.o., s.th.) deject, dishearten, dispirit, depress ( s.o.);
pass. qubia or qubiat ruh
qabr pl. qubr grave, tomb,
to die or ( rah)
spulcher
God made him die; ( yadah) to
maqbar pl. maqbir2 tomb, keep o.s. from seizing s.o. or s.th.; to be
burying place, burial ground; cemetery, ungenerous, be stingy toward;
graveyard ( ))adr, nafs) to oppress, deject,
maqbura, maqbara pl. dishearten, dispirit, depress II to contract,
maqbir2 tomb, burying place, burial constringe ( s.th.); to give ( s.th.) into
ground; cemetery, graveyard s.o.s ( )possession; to pay ( a price)
( ) )adr, nafs) to oppress,
maqbur, maqbar caretaker of a deject, dishearten, dispirit, depress V to
cemetery; gravedigger contract, become contracted; to shrink,
3
qubbar (coll.; n. un. )lark (zool.) shrivel; to be constipated (bowels) VII =
V; to be received; to shut o.s. off (
qubru2 and qubrus2 Cyprus from, to), close one's mind ( to); to be
qubru Cyprian, Cypriote (adj. dejected, depressed, dispirited, ill at ease,
and n.); al-qabria the Cypriotes also ( adruh)
qabasa i (qabs) to derive, acquire, loan, qab gripping, grasping, seizing,
borrow, adopt, take over ( s.th. from) seizure, holding; taking possession,
VIII to take, or seek to take, fire ( from, appropriation; apprehension, arrest ( of
also ;) to acquire or seek to acquire s.o.); receiving, receipt (esp., of money);
 2
contraction, constriction, constipation al-qib, al-qub pl. al-aqb the
( daf) revenues and Copts
expenditures; ( alq l-qaba) qib, qub Coptic; Copt
to arrest s.o.
3
qubn pl. qabn2, qabina
qaba pl. qabat seizure; grip, captain (of a ship and, in Tun., as a
hold, clasp, grasp; handful; (Eg.) a 738 military rank = Fr. capitaine)
linear measure of 12.5 cm; -- (pl.
qib) handle, haft, hilt q. al- qabaa a ( qub) to retract the head
yad fist; in s.o.s possession, in (hedgehog); to crouch, squat, sit; -- (qab,
s.o.s hands, in s.o.s power; qib, qub) to grunt (hog); to
do.; to fall into s.o.s hands trumpet (elephant); -- (qab) to drink in
hasty gulps (eg.)
quba pl. quba handful
qubbaa pl. -t hat; cap; (syr.)
qiba raising, collecting, levying small felt cap
(of funds, of taxes)
muqabba wearing a bat, hatted
qabay pl. -t (syr., leb.)
strong-arm (esp. one serving as bodyguard qabqaba to swell, bulge
for politicians and prominent qabqb pl. qabqb2 wooden
personalities); tough, bully clog, patten skate
maqbi, miqba pl. qabqb: ( mismr)
maqb2 handle, haft, hilt small nail, blue tack (eg.)
miqba pl. maqbi2 qabila a ( qabl, qubl) to accept ( or
handle, knob, grip (also, e.g., of a walking s.o., s.th.); to receive (kindly,
stick) hospitably) ( s.o.), give ( s.o., s.th.) a
taqbu (Isl. Law) a reciprocal friendly reception, receive ( s.th.)
taking possession (of a commodity and its favorably, approve ( of s.o., of s.th.);
monetary equivalent by buyer and seller to acquiesce ( in s.th.), put up ( with
respectively) s.th.), agree, consent, assent ( to, also ;)
to admit ( s.o., s.th. to); to obey (
inqib contraction, shriveling, s.o.), yield, give in ( to s.o.), submit to
shrinking, shrinkage; constipation (of the s.o.s ( )command; -- qabila a and
bowels); oppression, anguish, anxiety, qabala u i ( qabla) to guarantee,
dejectedness, depression, low spirits, vouch, be surety ( for)
gloom, also inq. a-adr (dahba) he was willing to go with me;
qbi constipating, costive qabila with acc. of a madar frequently
(med.); grievous, distressing, corresponds to an English adjective in
embarrassing; receiver, recipient; gripper, -able, -ible, -ive, -al, e.g.,
clamp, claw, catcher, tongs, holder (ifa) a curable disease,
(techn.); (pl. -n, qubb) (tax) (highly) combustible merchandise;
collector ( aala) flexor; ( muzamata) prices that are
( amr) ruler, potentate beyond competition; ( akkan) to
maqb: person under admit doubt II to kiss ( s.o., s.th.);
arrest; (pl. -t, maqb2) revenue (eg.) to go 739 south(ward) III to b. or
(fin.) stand exactly opposite s.o. or s.th. ( ),
be face to face ( with); to confront,
mungabi oppressed, worried, face, counter ( s.o.; s.th. with, e.g., a
dispirited, disheartened, downcast, situation with caution); to meet ( s.o.;
dejected, depressed, ill at ease s.th., e.g., a danger, with, by); to
) )m. a-adr (or an-nafs) do. encounter ( s.o.), run across s.o. ( ;)to
1
II ( wajhah) to knit the brows, visit ( s.o.), call on s.o. ( ;)to meet, get
frown, scowl, glower together, have a talk or interview ( with
s.o.); to interview ( s.o.); to receive (in he has no power over it, it is not in his
audience) ( s.o.), grant an audience ( to power; he is incapable of accomplishing
s.o.); to receive ( s.o., s.th. with, e.g., it; min qibali on the part of, from,
a news with joy); to repay, return, requite by; by himself (or itself), of his
( s.th. with); to compare, collate ( (or its) own accord; l qibalah
or s.th. with) dain he owes me a debt, he is indebted to
(rab, sa) to welcome s.o. or s.th.; me
( bi-l-mitl) to return like for like IV to qubla pl. qublt, qubult, qubal
turn forward; to draw near, come close to kiss
s.o. or to a place (), approach ( s.o.,
a place); to advance ( to, toward); to qibla kiblah, direction to which
turn ( to. toward); to embark, enter ( Muslims turn in praying (toward the
upon s.th.), engage ( in); to give ones Kaaba); recess in a mosque indicating the
attention, devote o.s. ( to s.o., to s.th.), direction of the Kaaba, prayer niche
dedicate o.s., apply o.s., attend ( to l l-qiblatain the first of the two
s.th.), occupy o.s. ( with); to take an kiblahs, i.e. Jerusalem; q. al-
interest, become or be interested ( in); anr focus of attention, target of all eyes,
to go, come ( to); to be abundant (crop); ideal, goal sought after and aspired to;
(with foll. imperf.) to begin to do object of widespread interest, focus
( dahru) or ( dunya) of attention
luck is on his side, fortune smiles on him qibl southern, south
V to accept, receive ( s.th.); to hear, (wajh) Upper Egypt
grant ( duah s.o.s prayer; of
God) VI to be opposite each other, face qabl, qubl (friendly) reception;
each other; to meet (e.g., two persons); to welcome; acceptance; concurrence,
get together, have a meeting; meet ( consent, assent, approval, admission,
with); to be compared, be collated VIII to admittance; with foll. madar
receive ( s.o., s.th.); to apply o.s. corresponding 740 to English abstract
gladly and willingly ( to s.th.) X to turn nouns in -ability, -ibility, -ivity, -ality,
ones face ( to s.o., toward s.th.); to go e.g., adam q. at-tafriqa
to meet, to meet ( s.o.); to face, confront, indivisibility
meet ( s.o., s.th.); to take upon o.s., qabl guarantor, bail(sman), surety;
assume ( s.th.); to receive ( a visitor, a kind, specimen, species, sort; tribe
guest; s.th., e.g., a radio broadcast) of this kind, like this, such; in this
qablu (adv.) or min qablu and respect; ( q. il- by way
qablan previously, formerly, earlier, of illustration, as an explanation;
before; ( qablu), ( after a ( dabr) of every origin (whatsoever);
comparative) ... than before; qabla (prep.) he is not in the
before, prior to qabla kull least involved in this affair, he has
aiin first of all, above all; min absolutely nothing to do with this affair
qabli before, prior to; ( conj.) before qabla pl. qabil2 tribe
qablaidin previously, formerly, qabal tribal
once, in former times
qabla bail, guaranty, suretyship,
qubaila (prep.) shortly before, prior liability, responsibility; contract,
to; ( conj.) shortly before agreement
qubl, qubul fore part, front part, qibla midwifery, obstetrics
front, face ( qubulin) in front;
from the front, from in front qublata (prep.) opposite, face to
face with, vis--vis, in front of
qibal power, ability; -- qibala
(prep.) in the presence of, before. near; in taqbl kissing
the direction of, toward ( qibala)
 qibla (prep.) opposite, face to face susceptibility, sensibility, receptivity (
with, vis--vis, in front of to); appetite conductivity
(el.); q. al-qisma divisibility; cf.
muqbala encounter; meeting;

conversation, talk, discussion; interview;
audience; reception; comparison, collation maqbl acceptable, reasonable;
muqbalata d. or in satisfactory (as an examination grade;
return for that, in exchange for that, in Eg.); pleasing, obliging, complaisant,
compensation for that, as an equivalent for amiable; well-liked, likable, popular,
that, for that, therefor; welcome
comparative anatomy; ( bi-l- muqabbilt appetizers, hors
mitl) requital; retaliation, reprisal; doeuvres
to return like for like
muqbil facing, opposite; counter-
iqbl drawing near, advance, (in compounds); equivalent, wages, 741
approach; coming, arrival, advent; remuneration, recompense
turning, application, attention, response, (muqbila) or accordingly, in
responsiveness ( to), concern ( for), accordance with that, in return for that, in
intereot ( in), demand; good fortune,
exchange for that, in compensation for
prosperity, welfare iqblan that, as an equivalent for that, for that,
wa-idbran back and forth, to and fro, up
therefor; upon presentation
end down of the coupon;
taqabbul receptivity, susceptibility, ( miat safna m. kamsn 100 ships as
sensibility compared with 50 the previous year;
iqtibl reception or without compensation,
for nothing, gratis
istiqbl pl. -t reception;
opposition (astron.); full moon (as an muqbil coming, next (e.g., month,
astronomical aspect); the future; year)
istiqblan in the future muqtabal: f m.
receiving set, receiver; gurfat il-umr in the prime of life;
al-ist. reception room, parlor; (muqtabala l-lail) at the beginning of the
he was present to greet him, he had come night, early at night
to meet him, he received him
mustaqbil receiving set, receiver
qbil obstetrician, accoucheur; (radio)
coming, next (e.g., month); subject, liable,
mustaqbal front part, front, face;
susceptible, disposed ( to s.th.); O
future (adj.); the future
receiver (radio); with foll. and madar
corresponding to English adjectives in II to weigh (with a steelyard) ( s.th.)
-able, -ible, -ive, -al, e.g., ( li-l- qabbn steelyard; scale beam;
maut) mortal; curable; platform scale, weighbridge
(highly) combustible, inflammable; 1
conductive (el.); qab pl. aqbiya an outer garment
irrevocable; with full-length sleeves
( jawz as-safar, arbaa marrtin) the 2
) )qab u to vault, arch, camber, curve,
passport can be renewed four times bend ( s.th.)
qbila pl. -t, qawbil2 qabw pl. aqbiya vault; vaulted
midwife, accoucheuse; -- (pl. roof; cellar; tunnel, gallery, drift, adit
qawbil2) receptacle, container; -- pl. (mining); O prompt box O
beginnings ( jawwya) air-raid shelter
qbilya faculty, power, capacity, qabwa vault
capability, ability; aptitude, fitness;
tendency, disposition, liability, qib interval, interspace, distance
 qabdn captain
qatta u (qatt) to render falsely,
misrepresent, depreciate, belittle,
minimize ( s.th.); to lie VIII to uproot,
root out, extirpate ( s.o., s.th.)
qattt slanderer, calumniator
qatab pl. aqtb (eg.) hunch, hump
muqautab hunchbacked
qatd tragacanth (Astragalus; bot.)
he was sitting on a bed of thorns
qatara u i (qatr, qutr) and II to be
stingy, tightfisted, niggardly,
parsimonious ( toward s.o.), keep (
s.o.) short, stint ( s.o.) IV do.; to live in
straitened circumstances, be or become
poor
qatr stinginess, niggardliness,
parsimony ( toward)
qatara dust
qur aroma, smell (of s.th. fried or
cooked)
taqtr stinginess, niggardliness,
parsimony ( toward)
qtir stingy, tightfisted, miserly,
niggardly, parsimonious ( toward)
muqattir, muqtir stingy, tightfisted,
miserly, niggardly, parsimonious (
toward)
qatala u (qatl) to kill, slay, murder,
assassinate ( s.o.); to mitigate, alleviate (
s.th., e.g., al-barda the cold,
al-ja the hunger); to mix, dilute (
s.th. with, e.g., wine with water); to know,
master ( s.th., e.g., a skill)
( ))kubran, ilman) or
(darsan wa-batan) to know or master
s.th. (e.g., a skill, a field of study)
thoroughly; ( batan) to
study a topic most thoroughly, treat a
subject exhaustively; ( dahra
kibratan) to have long experience with
life, be worldly wise II to kill, massacre (
people), cause carnage ( among
people) III to combat, battle ( s.o.), fight (
s.o., with s.o., or against s.o.)
lit.: may God fight him! i.e., 742 approx.:
damned bastard! VI and VIII to fight with
one another, combat each other X to risk
ones life, defy death
qatl killing; manslaughter,
homicide; murder, assassination
(bi-sababin) indirect killing (Isl. Law);
q. al-kaa accidental homicide (jur.);
( amd) or ( amd) or
( amdan) or
( sabqi l-irr) premeditated
murder
qitl pl. aqtl enemy, foe,
adversary, opponent
qatl pl. qatl killed; killed in
battle, fallen; one killed in battle, casualty
q. al-arb man killed in war
qattl murderous, deadly, lethal
aqtal2 deadlier, more lethal in effect
maqtal murder, death; murderous
battle; (pl. maqtil2) vital part of the
body (the injury of which will bring about
death), mortal spot, mortal organ;
Achilles heel, vulnerable spot
( arabah) or ( aba)
he hit him at his most vulnerable spot
maqtala pl. -t butchery, slaughter,
carnage, massacre
butchery, slaughter, carnage,
massacre
qitl fight, struggle, contention
(against); combat, strife, battle
battlefield
muqtala fight, struggle,
contention (against); combat, strife
taqtul mutual struggle
qtil killing, murdering; deadly,
lethal, mortal, fatal; (pl. quttl,
qatala) killer, manslayer; murderer,
assassin
qtilt lethal agents ( against)
muqattal experienced, practiced,
tried, tested
muqatil fighter, combatant,
warrior; fighting, combat-, battle- (in
compounds)
muqatila (coli.) combatants,
warriors, fighting forces
 muqtila pl. -t combat plane,
light bomber
muqtatal battlefield, battleground
mustaqtil death-defying, heroic
qatama u ( qutm) to rise (dust) IX to be
dark(-colored), blackish
qutma, qatama dark or blackish
color, darkness, gloom
qatm dark or blackish color,
darkness, gloom
aqtam2 dark-colored, blackish, dark
qtim pl. qawtim2 black, dark
pitch-black
1
qatta u (qatt) and VIII to pull out, tear out,
uproot ( s.th.)
2
qitt, qutt (coll.; n. un. )cucumber
2
qatr catheter
O qatara catheter
1
qaa to cough
2
qu pl. aq pure, sheer, unmixed,
unadulterated; genuine
qaba pl. qib whore, harlot,
prostitute
qaaa a (qa, qu) and uquwn pl. aqin, aqy
qaia a (qaa) to be withheld, fail to set
in (rains); active and pass. quia to be
rainless (year) II to pollinate ( an-
naklata the palm tree); (eg.) to scratch 743
off, scrape off ( s.th.) IV to be rainless
(year)
qa want of rain, rainleseness;
drought, dryness; famine; dearth, lack,
want, scarcity
qan2 legendary ancestor of the South
Arabians
qaafa a (qaf) to swallow, gulp down (
s.th.); to sweep away, carry away ( s.th.;
of a river) VIII = I
qif pl. quf, aqf,
qiafa skull; cranium, brainpan
quf torrential (river)
qaila a (qaal) and pass. quila to be or
become dry or arid, dry up, wither
qaal dryness aridity
qail dry, arid
qula dryness, aridity
qal f. dry
qil dry, arid
IV to push, drag ( s.o. into s.th.),
involve ( s.o. in); to introduce forcibly,
cram ( s.th. into)
(nafsah) he squeezed himself between
them VIII to plunge, rush, hurtle ( into
s.th.); to break ( into s.th.), intrude,
invade ( s.th.); to burst ( into a room);
to jump, leap, dive ( into s.th.); to rush,
dart ( at); to storm, take by storm (
s.th.); to embark boldly ( upon s.th.); to
defy ( danger, hardships, etc.)
kuma pl. quam danger one
rushes into. hazardous undertaking
miqm pl. maqm2 one
who plunges heedlessly into danger,
reckless, daring, foolhardy
iqm dragging in, implicating,
involvement
iqtim brooking in, inrush,
irruption, intrusion, obtrusion; inroad,
invasion, incursion; storming, capture by
storm
camomile (bot.); daisy (bot.)
1
qad (particle) with foll. perf. indicates the
termination of an action; sometimes
corresponding to English already; with
foll. imperf.: sometimes, at times;
perhaps, or English may, might
2
qadda u (qadd) to cut lengthwise, cut into
strips ( s.th.); to cut off ( s.th.); to chop
off ( s.th.); to cut out, carve out ( s.th.)
qudda qalbuh min
ajarin to have a heart of stone II = I; to
cut into strips and dry ( s.th., e.g., meat,
fruits), to jerk ( meat) VII to split, burst
(also, e.g., with laughter) VIII = I
qidd pl. aqudd strip (of leather),
strap, thong
qidda pl. qidad rail; ruler
tafarraq ariqa qidadan to split into
many parts or groups, break up, dissolve
 qadd meat cut into strips and dried, qadara u i (qadr) to decree, ordain, decide
jerked meat ( s.th.; of God) -- qadara i ( qudra,
maqdura, maqdara, maqdira) and
qadd pl. qudd shape, build,
qadira a (qadar) to possess strength,
frame, physique, stature, height, figure;
power, or ability; to have power ( over
(eg.) size, bulk, volume, quantity s.th.), be master ( of s.th.), be equal (
of the same size, of equal size, just as to s.th.), be up to s.th. ( ;)to have
(large) the possibility to do ( s.th.), be in a
qadaa a (qad) to bore, pierce ( s.th.); position to do s.th. ( or ), be able to
to slander, defame, malign, vilify ( s.o.); do s.th. ( or ), be capable ( or
to rebuke, censure, blame ( s.o.); to of) II to appoint, assign, determine,
reprove, reproach, chide ( s.o.); to reject ordain, decree ( s.th., for s.o.; of
as objectionable ( a witness, a God); to predetermine, foreordain,
testimony); to impair, depreciate, belittle, (pre)destine ( s.th.; of God); to
lessen, diminish, degrade ( or s.th.), appraise ( s.th.; with respect to its worth
detract ( or from); to violate, infringe and amount), assess, estimate, calculate,
( s.th.), offend ( against); to strike tax, evaluate, value, rate ( s.th. at); to
fire (with a flint) (also with an-nra) anticipate, foresee ( s.th.); to surmise,
( z. al-fikr) to ponder, think guess, presume, suppose, believe, think,
hard, rack ones brain; ( fikrah) to be of the opinion ( that); to esteem
think hard; ( araran) to strike or highly, value, treasure, prize, cherish (
emit sparks VIII to strike fire (with a s.o., s.th., s.th. in s.o., because of
flint), also ; to weigh, consider ( s.th. s.o.); to appreciate ( s.th.); to enable
s.th.) ( s.o. to do s.th.), put ( s.o.) in a
position ( to do s.th.); (gram.) to imply
qad slander, calumniation, in an expression ( or )another ( or )
calumny, defamation, vilification, as virtually existing ( which)
aspersion; censure, rebuke, reproof, God forbid! ( quddira) the
reproach; depreciation, detraction ( of inevitable happened! ( aqqa
from), impairment qadrihi) to attach the proper value to s.o.
qid, pl. qid, aqdu, or s.th., fully appreciate the value of s.o.
aqd, aqd2 arrow shaft; arrow; or s.th.; l yuqaddaru inestimable,
divining arrow, arrow used for oracles invaluable, immeasurable, immense, huge,
( muall) the seventh of the enormous, tremendous IV to enable (
divining arrows used in the ancient s.o. to do s.th.), put ( s.o.) in a position (
Arabian game of maisir, i.e., the best of to do s.th.) V to he appointed,
them which won seven shares of the assigned, determined, ordained, destined,
slaughtered camel, hence: fated, decreed VIII = I qadara i X to ask (
to be the principal agent in, have a major God) for strength or ability
impact on, exert decisive influence on, be qadr pl. aqdr extent, scope,
of crucial importance for quantity, amount, scale, rate, measure,
qada pl. aqd drinking number; sum, amount; degree, grade;
bowl; (drinking) cup; goblet; glass, worth, value, standing, rank; divine decree
tumbler; tea glass; keddah, a dry measure lailat al-q. the night in which,
(Eg. = 1/96 ardabb = 2.0621) according to sura 97, the Koran was
revealed, celebrated during the night
qadd and qadda pl. -t between the 26th and 27th of Ramadan;
flint; fire steel, fire iron (for striking a certain extent of, a certain degree of;
sparks from flint); flint and steel; lighter qadra, bi-qadri,
(e.g., for cigarettes) commensurate with, corresponding to,
miqdaa fire steel, fire iron (for according to, in proportion to; bi-
striking sparks from flint) qadri m in the same measure 745 as, to
the same extent as, as much as, as large
as; al qadrin m to a certain degree, so much; to a certain extent
extent, relatively; qadra l- or degree, somewhat, a little
musta, , taqdr pl. -t, taqdr2
qadra -., qadra l-imkn, estimation, appraisal, assessment,
and as far as taxation, rating; calculation, estimate,
possible, as much as possible, in the best valuation; appreciation; esteem;
way possible, to the best of ones abilities; assumption, surmise, supposition,
aglabya qadruha proposition; implication of a missing
miatu autin a majority of a hundred syntactical part (gram.); (pl. -t) grading,
votes; daw q. people of evaluation (of achievement; school,
distinction, important people university); taqdran by implication,
qadar pl. aqdr divine fore- implicitly, virtually in
ordainment, predestination; fate, destiny, appreciation of this; al
lot madhab al-q. fatalism; aqalli t. at least; at most;
( qa) fate and divine decree; an mablagi taqdr as far as I
qaan wa-qadaran or can judge for myself
by fate and divine decree; iqtidr might, power, strength,
he arrived just at the right time potency; ability, capability, faculty,
al-qadarya a theological school capacity, efficiency, aptitude
of early Islam asserting mans free will qdir possessing power or strength,
qidr m. and f., pl. qudr powerful, potent; having mastery (
cooking pot, kettle, pot vover s.th.), being equal ( to s.th.);
capable ( of s.th.), able ( to do
qidra cooking pot, kettle, pot
s.th.); efficient, capable, talented
qadara small bottle, flask
maqdr decreed ( against, by
qudra faculty ( of), power, fate); (pl. maqdr2) destiny, fate;
strength ( for), potency; capacity, (pl. -t) faculty, capability, ability;
ability, capability, aptitude; omnipotence potential, resources to be
(of God) O ( amal) power, able to , be capable of ..., be in a
capacity (techn., phys.); O position to ..., have the possibility to ...
selectivity (radio)
muqaddir estimator, appraiser,
qadr possessing power or strength, assessor, taxer
powerful, potent; having mastery (
over s.th.), capable ( of s.th.); muqaddar decreed, foreordained,
omnipotent, almighty, all-powerful (God) predestined; implied, implicit, virtual;
fates, destinies; estimates,
aqdar2 mightier, more powerful; preliminary calculations 746
more capable ( of), abler ( to do
muqtadir possessing power or
s.th.)
strength, powerful, potent; having mastery
maqdura, maqdara, maqdira ( over s.th.), being equal ( to s.th.);
faculty ( of), power, strength ( for), able ( to do s.th.), capable ( of);
potency; capacity, ability, capability, efficient capable, talented
aptitude O ( arbya) 1
qadusa u (quds, qudus) to be holy, be
military resources, military potential
pure II to hallow, sanctify ( s.o., s.th.);
miqdr pl. maqdr2 to dedicate. consecrate ( s.th.); to declare
measure; extent in space and time; scope, to be holy, glorify ( God); to hold
extent, scale, rate, range; quantity; amount sacred, venerate, revere, reverence,
( adn) a minimum; worship ( s.o., s.th.); (Chr.) to
(aq) a maximum; bi-miqdri m canonize ( s.o.); (Chr.) to say Mass,
to the same extent or degree as ; as celebrate ( sirrah) may God
much as ...; to such an extent or sanctify his secret! (eulogy used when
 mentioning the name of a deceased a place); to come; to get ( or or to
Muslim saint) V to be hallowed, be sacred s.o.; to a place). reach ( or s.o.;
or sanctified a place); to have the audacity to do s.th.
quds, qudus holiness, sacredness, ( ;)-- qaduma u (qidam) to be old, be
ancient II to make or let ( s.o., s.th.)
sanctity; (pl. aqdas) sanctuary,
precede, go before, or lead the way; to
shrine; al-quds Jerusalem
send forward, send ahead, send off,
the holy of holies (Chr., Jud.);
dispatch, send on in advance ( s.o.,
( ar-)r al-qudus the
Holy Ghost (Chr.) s.th.); to set forth beforehand, premise (
s.th. as introductory to s.th., e.g., a
quds holy, sacred; saintly; saint preface to a book); to place ( s.o.,
qudsya holiness, sacredness, s.th.) at the head; to set forward, set ahead
sanctity; saintliness ( a clock); to do earlier, do beforehand,
do before s.th. else ( s.th.); to give
qudds pl. -t, qadds2 precedence ( to s.o., to s.th.
Mass (Chr.) before), give priority ( to s.th. over);
qadsa holiness, sacredness, to prefer ( s.o., s.th. to s.o. or s.th.
sanctity; saintliness His else), give preference ( to s.o., to
Holiness the Pope s.th. over); (Tun.) to appoint as legal
guardian ( s.o. for); to prepare, ready,
qadds, qudds most holy; keep ready, provide, set aside, earmark (
the Most Holy, the All-Holy (God) s.th. for); to provide, 747 make
qidds pl. -n holy, saintly; provisions ( for); to offer, proffer, tender,
Christian saint d kull al- extend, present, produce, exhibit, display (
q. All Saints Day (Chr.) s.th., or to s.o.); to hand over,
deliver ( s.th., or to s.o.); to submit,
aqdas2 more hallowed, more
refer (o s.th., or to s.o.), lay s.th. ()
sacred, holier
before s.o. ( or ;)to give u a present (
bait al-maqdis Jerusalem s.th., or to s.o.), offer up, present (
taqds sanctification, hallowing; or s.o., s.th. to s.o., to s.th.); to
dedication, consecration; celebration dedicate ( or s.th., e.g., a book, to
(Chr.); Consecration (as part of the s.o.); to file, turn in ( s.th., e.g., a report),
Roman Catholic Mass; Chr.); reverence, send in, submit ( s.th., e.g., an
veneration, worship application, or to), lodge ( e.g., a
complaint, or before); to give (o an
muqaddis reverent, reverential, answer); to take (o an examination); to
venerative bring s.o. ( )before a proper authority,
muqaddas hallowed. sanctified, esp., before a tribunal ( or ), arraign
dedicated, consecrated; holy, sacred; pl. s.o.; to introduce, present ( or s.o. to
-t sacred things, sacrosanct things s.o. else), make ( s.o.) acquainted ( or
( )( ar) the Holy Land, with s.o. else); (intr.) to precede; to be fast
Palestine; ( bait) Jerusalem; (clock) ( baina yadaihi) to
the Holy Scriptures, the Holy send s.th. ahead of s.th. else, let s.th.
Bible (Chr.) precede s.th. else; ( tamana) to
pay the price to s.o. in advance, advance
mutaqaddis hallowed, sanctified, the price to s.o.; ( kidmatan) to
dedicated, consecrated; holy, sacred render a service; ( kidmatan) to
2
qdis Cdiz (seaport in SW Spain) make a step forward; ( ukra) to
3 extend ones thanks to s.o., thank s.o.;
pl. look up alphabetically
to give o.s. up to the police;
qadama u (qadm, qadm) to ( akkartu) what I have ever
precede ( s.o.); -- qadima a ( qudm, committed; ( yadka) what you
qidmn, maqdam) to arrive ( at have committed or perpetrated;
 yuqaddimu rijlan wa-yuakkiru
ukr to hesitate, waver, be undecided;
farqu uhrin l oldness; ancientness; infinite 748 pre-
tuqaddimu wa-l tuakkiru a difference of
a few months which is of no consequence
IV to be bold, audacious, daring; to make
bold, have the audacity to do s.th. ( ;)to
venture, risk, undertake, tackle ( s.th.),
set about s.th. ( ;)to brave ( s.th.),
embark boldly ( upon), dare to engage
( in), venture upon s.th. ( ;)to attack
( s.o., s.th.) V to precede ( or or
s.o., s.th., in space and time), go
before s.o. or s.th. ( ;)to head
( or a group of people), be at the
head ( or of a group of people); to
belong to an earlier, older time; to go
forward, move (for, ward), proceed (
toward), advance march ( against,
toward); to progress, make progress; to
come on, come closer, move nearer (
to); to approach ( s.o. or s.th.), accost (
s.o.); to step up ( to); to present o.s. (
or to), step before ( or ;) qadm pl. qudam2,
o to meet, face ( or an opposing team,
in sports); to turn, apply ( or to s.o.
with a request); to submit ( or to s.o.
s.th., e.g., a request); to order, direct,
commission ( s.o. to do, to bring, etc.,
s.th.) to further, advance, promote,
improve s.th.; ( sinnu) to get times, in ancient times, in former times,
older, be advanced in years; already
mentioned; from times of old. by long tradition, of
(danbih, taakkara) God has forgiven all
his sins; long familiarity or acquaintance with, long
waqtu bagdada mutaqaddimun
sataini an waqti rubb l-wus
Baghdad time is two hours ahead of
Central European time; ( nawah)
to step up to s.o.; to approach s.o.,
head for s.o.; to submit o.s. to
an examination VI to become antiquated,
grow obsolete, get out of date, become
old, age ( zamanu) much time has
gone by (since); ( ahduh) it
happened long ago, it belongs to the put, it
is of early date X to ask ( s.o.) to come,
send ( for s.o.), summon ( s.o.)
qidm time long since put, old times;
qidman in old(en) times, in former
times, once, of old, of yore
qidam time long since put, old
times; remote antiquity, time immemorial;
existence, sempiternity, timelessness (of
God); seniority from times of
old, by long tradition, of long standing;
( qidamu ahdih) his long, standing
familiarity with
qadam (usually f.) pl. aqdm
foot (also as a measure of length); step
( mukaaba) cubic foot; al-
q. nadir (astron.); iba al-q. toe;
( qadamaihi) on foot (of several:
:( on tiptoe;
( q. al-adar) anxious, timid, fearful;
( q. il-uhba) in a state
of extreme alertness; )(
(wa-sqin) to become fully effective, be in
full progress, be in full swing; he
has no part in ..., he is not involved in ...
qudum: ( )( quduman) to
go straight ahead or forward
qudm, qadim2 old, ancient;
antique; existing from time immemorial,
eternally pre-existent, sempiternal;
the Infinitely Pre-existent, the
Sempiternal, the Eternal (as an attribute of
God) qadman or in old(en)
once, of old, of yore; or
long standing; ( q. al-ahd) of
familiar or acquainted with; of long-
standing experience in, long-experiensed
in, (being) a long-time holder of;
classical studies
qudm coming, advent, arrival
qadm pl. qudum bold,
audacious, daring, intrepid, undaunted,
courageous, brave, valiant
qadm, qaddm pl. qadim2,
qudum adz
quddm fare part, front part;
quddma (prep.) in front of
qaidm prow, bow of a ship
aqdam2 older, mare ancient;
the ancients
 aqdamya seniority
maqdam coming, advent; arrival
miqdm bold, audacious, daring,
intrepid, undaunted, courageous, brave,
valiant; a military rank, approx.: staff
sergeant (Eg. 1939)
taqdm sending forward, sending
off, dispatching, etc., see II; presentation;
submission, turning in, filing; offering up,
oblation; dedication; offer, proffer, tender,
bid; memorial; (pl. taqdm)
officially established guardianship (Tun.)
taqdima offer, proffer, tender, bid;
dedication; (social) introduction,
presentation; offering up, oblation,
offertory (Chr.); (pl. -t, taqdim2)
present, gift
iqdm boldness, audacity, daring,
intrepidity, fearlessness, undauntedness,
stoutheartedness, pluck, courage,
enterprise, initiative
taqaddum precedence, priority;
(ad)vantage, lead; advance, drive, push;
advancement, progression, progress
taqaddum progressive,
progressionist
taqdum: ( ( t. al-ahd
(az-zaman) progression or lapse of time;
in the course of time
qdim pl. -n, qudm, iqtidan bi following the model or
guddm one arriving, arriver, arrival,
newcomer; -- coming, next (e.g., year,
month, and the like)
muqaddim offerer, tenderer,
presenter, giver, donor m. a-
alab applicant 749
muqaddam put before s.th. (),
prefixed, prefaced ( to s.th.),
anteceding, preceding ( s.th.); front,
face; fore part, front part; prow, bow (of a
ship); o nose (of an airplane, and the like);
antecedent of a proportion (math.);
overseer, supervisor; foreman; a military
rank, approx.: major (Ir., U.A.R.);
lieutenant colonel (formerly syr.);
officially appointed legal guardian (Tun.);
administrator or trustee of a wakf estate
(Tun.); a legal minor placed under
officially established guardianship (Tun.);
muqaddaman in advance, beforehand
muqaddima, muqaddama pl. -t
fore part, front part; front, face; prow, bow
(of a ship); foreground; foremost rank or
line, forefront, head, lead; advance guard,
vanguard, van; foreword, preface,
introduction, prologue, proem, preamble;
prelude; premise
mutaqaddim preceding,
antecedent; moving forward, advancing;
well-advanced; (being) in front, ahead, in
the fore part; foremost; aforesaid, before-
mentioned; advanced; senior (athlet.)
( dikruh) the aforesaid, the
before-mentioned; ) )
(sinn, umr) advanced in age, well along
in years, old; ( ibbnih)
premature, precipitate, untimely;
( wa-l-mutaakkirn) the earlier
and the later = all
( and ( qad u (qadw) and qadiya
a ( qadan, qadwa) to be tasty,
savory (food) VIII to imitate, copy ( s.o.,
s.th.), emulate ( s.o.), follow s.o.s ()
model or example, be guided ( by)
qudwa, qidwa model, pattern,
example, exemplar
qady tasty, savory, palatable (food)
iqtid imitation, emulation;
example of
qudda pl. qudad, qidd feather of an
arrow ( adwa) exactly
identical, deceptively alike
qadira a (qadar) and qadura u (
qadra) to be or become dirty, unclean,
filthy II to make dirty, soil, sully,
contaminate, pollute, defile ( s.o.,
s.th.) X to find or deem ( s.o., s.th.)
dirty, unclean, impure, filthy, squalid
qadar uncleanliness, impurity; (pl.
aqdr) dirt, filth, squalor
qadir, qadr dirty, unclean, impure,
filthy, squalid
qadir dainty, fastidious, squeamish
qadra dirtiness, uncleanliness,
impurity, filthiness, squalidness
 qdra pl. -t dirt, filth, squalor; maqdf pl. maqdf2 and
rubbish, garbage; (moral) defilement maqdfa pl. -t missile; projectile
maqdir2 dirty things, dirt, filth qadl pl. qudul, aqdila occiput
qadaa a (qad) to defame, malign, vilify ( IV: ( ainah) to vex, annoy, gall
s.o.), backbite, wag an evil tongue, make s.o., cause s.o. worry
slanderous remarks qadan (coll.; n. un. qadh) s.th.
qadafa i (qadf) to throw, cast ( or that gets in one's eye or into a beverage, a
s.th.); to throw away, discard ( or floating impurity, mote, speck; foreign
s.th.); to fling, hurl, toss ( or s.th.); to body in the eye ( ainih) an
hurl down, toss down ( or s.o., odious thing, approx.: an eyesore, a thorn
s.th.); to push, shove ( or s.o., s.th.); in the flesh; ( ag) to bear
to row, oar ( or s.th.); to eject, emit, annoyance patiently, grin and bear it,
discharge ( or s.th.); to expel ( or swallow the bitter pill;
s.o., s.th.); to evict, oust ( or s.o.); to (gammaa jufnah) do.
drop ( s.th.); to pelt ( s.o. with); to
qidan pl. aqd fine dust; pl.
defame, slander, calumniate ( s.o.); to particles floating in the air
accuse ( s.o. of), charge ( s.o. with);
to vomit to bomb s.th., strafe qarra (1st pers. perf. qarartu) i, (1st
s.th. with bombs; to hurl pers. perf. qarirtu) a ( qarr) to settle
abusive language at s.o. II to row, oar 750 down, establish o.s., become settled or
VI to pelt one another ( with); to throw sedentary, take up one's residence, rest,
to each other, throw back and forth ( abide, dwell, live, reside, remain, stay,
s.th.); to shove around, push around ( or linger ( or in, at a place)
s.o.) ( amwju) to be (rayu) it was decided to ..., the decision
tossed about by the waves VII to be was reached to , a resolution was passed
thrown, be cast, be flung, be hurled, be on s.th. or to the effect that;
tossed, be flung off (rayuh) to resolve, determine on s.th.,
make up ones mind to (do s.th.), decide,
qadf defamation; calumny, slander, make a decision for or on or to do s.th.;
false accusation (esp., of fornication; Isl. to be flighty, be of unstable
Law); rowing, oaring temperament; ( qarr) to be
bombing, bombardment;
restless, restive, uneasy, wavering,
bomber undecided; -- qarra a i (qarr) to be cold,
qadf slanderous, libelous, chilly, cool ( ainan) to be of good
defamatory cheer; ( ainuh) to be glad, be
delighted ( at) II to settle, make
qaddf: ( ayyra)
sedentary ( s.o. in, at a place), establish
bomber
( s.th. in); to fix, settle, appoint, assign,
qadfa pl. qadaif2 projectile; schedule, determine, stipulate, regulate (
bomb; shell; fuse, detonator s.th.); to decide ( s.th.); to determine,
(nassfa) torpedo; ( yadawya) resolve, decide ( on s.th.); to confirm,
hand grenade establish, affirm, aver ( s.th.); to report,
miqdaf pl. maqdif2 oar, relate, tell ( s.th.); to make a report, give
paddle a paper ( on); to make a statement; to
force s.o. ( )to confess or acknowledge
miqdf pl. maqdf2 oar, s.th. ( or ), make s.o. ( )confess or
paddle acknowledge s.th. ( or )IV to settle,
taqdf rowing, oaring make sedentary ( s.o. in, at a place),
establish ( s.th. in); to safeguard (
qdifa: pl. s.th.); to have ( s.o.) sit down, seat ( s.o.,
bomber; q. al-lahab or in, in a seat); to set up, institute (
flame thrower s.th.); to found, establish ( s.th.); to
install, instate ( s.o. in an office); to qurr cold, coldness, chilliness,
confirm, establish, affirm, aver ( s.th.); coolness
to agree, consent ( or to); to qirra cold, coldness, chilliness,
acknowledge, own ( or s.th.); to coolness
confess, avow, admit ( s.th.), own ( to
s.th.); to concede, 751 grant ( or to qurrat al-ain consolation for
s.o. s.th.) ( ainah) (to cool the eye; delight of the eye; joy, pleasure,
s.o.s eye =) to gladden, delight s.o. V to delight; darling; (bot.) cress
be fixed, be settled, be appointed, be qarr sedentariness, settledness,
scheduled, be determined, be regulated, be stationariness, sedentation; fixedness,
stipulated, be decided; to resolve itself fixity; firmness, solidity; steadiness,
(situation) X to settle down, establish o.s. constancy, continuance, permanency,
become settled or sedentary, take up stability; repose, rest, stillness; duration;
ones residence ( or in. at a place); to abode, dwelling, habitation; residence;
come to rest ( or in, at a place); to resting place; bottom (e.g., of a
rest, abide, dwell, live, reside, remain, receptacle); depth (of the sea); (pl. -t)
stay, linger ( or in, at a place, with decision, resolution ( l qarra)
s.o.); to be firmly embedded, got stuck, inconstant, changeable, unstable;
get lodged ( in); to be firm, solid, bottomless, unfathomable, immeasurable;
enduring, durable, lasting, stable; to the hereafter, the world to come;
become stabilized, stabilize, be O q. al-maujah wave trough
consolidated (situation, conditional; (techn.); modifying
ultimately to attain ( a state or regulations
condition), finally find a firm position (
in); to become finally ( s.th.), qarra bottom; low ground,
ultimately turn into s.th. ( ;)to be depression, depth ( q. in-
established, settled, fixed; to be stationary nafs) in the depth of the heart
( kiruh) his mind qarr: q. al-ain happy,
dwelled on ; ( rayu) it gratified, delighted, glad
was decided to the decision was reached
to ...; a resolution was passed on s.th. or to qrra pl. qawrr22 long-
the effect that; ( rayuh) to necked bottle
resolve, determine on s.th., make up ones maqarr pl. maqrr2 abode,
mind to (do s.th.), decide, make a decision dwelling, habitation; residence; storage
for or on or to do s.th.; his place; seat center; site, place; station;
situation had stabilized; position (at sea) m. al-amal
(qarrun) to be restless, restive, uneasy, place of employment;
wavering, undecided; headquarters; official seat, seat
(badu) we havent yet arrived at, a lasting of office
solution, we havent yet attained a
taqrr establishment, settlement;
definitive position; he finally
fixation; appointment, assignment,
became ..., he ended up as ...;
regulation, arrangement, stipulation;
to be a positive fact with s.o., be beyond
determination; decision; (pl.
doubt for s.o.; ) )
taqrr2) report, account
(muqmu, maknu) to settle down
self-determination (pol.);
permanently; to sit down; not to move
( aqq a-.) the right of
from ones seat; ( majlisu) to
peoples to self-determination;
sit down, get seated, take a seat;
( gawwya) weather report;
to be firmly established, be settled; to
t. a-ura police report
be in a secure position
iqrr settling, settlement (of
qarr cold, chilly, cool
nomads); setting up, institution,
establishment; foundation; installation,
 instatement; delivery of a confirmation or
assurance; confirmation, affirmation,
averment; assurance; acknowledgment;
confession, avowal, admission
istiqrr sedentariness,
settledness, stationariness, sedentation;
remaining, abiding, lingering, stay,
sojourn; settling, settlement,
establishment; steadiness, constancy,
continuance, permanency; strengthening,
consolidation, stabilization, stability;
repose, rest, stillness
qrr sedentary, settled, resident;
standing, permanent; fixed, stationary;
cold, chilly, cool )(
(adt) (in)direct taxes (magr.);
(lajna) permanent committee, standing
committee
qrra pl. -t continent, mainland
muqarrir pl. -n reporter (in
general and of a newspaper)
muqarrar established, settled;
fixed, determined, decided, appointed,
assigned, scheduled, regulated, stipulated,
decreed; (pl. -t) curriculum;
decisions m. al-mznya the qar pl. -t (Saudi Arabian spelling)
proposed budget; accomplished
fact; direct taxes 1
mustaqirr sedentary, settled,
resident; firmly established, deep-seated,
deep-rooted; fixed, immobile, stationary;
firm, solid, enduring, durable, lasting,
stable
mustaqarr abode, dwelling,
habitation; residence; seat; resting place
qaraa a ( qira) to declaim, recite (
s.th., esp. the Koran; to s.o. s.th.); to
read ( s.th.; or s.o. s.th.); to
peruse ( s.th.); to study ( under
s.o. s.th.) ( salma) to greet,
salute s.o.; to extend greeting, to s.o.;
to reckon with s.th., take s.th. into
account; ( alfa .) to have a
thousand apprehensions about s.th. IV to
make or have ( s.o.) read ( s.th.); to
teach ( s.o.) the art of reciting ( s.th.); to
teach ( s.o.) how to read ( s.th.)
( salma) to extend greetings to s.o.
X to ask s.o. ( )to recite or read; to
investigate, examine, explore ( s.th.),
search ( into s.th.); to study thoroughly (
s.th.)
qur pl. qur menses,
menstruation
qira pl. -t recitation, recital
(esp. of the Koran); reading (also, e.g., of
measuring instruments; parl.); manner of
recitation, punctuation and vocalization of
the Koranic text q. al-kaff
chiromancy, palmistry
al-qurn the Koran
qurn Koranic, of or pertaining
to the Koran
istiqr pl. -t investigation,
examination, exploration; see also under
istiqr see under
qr pl. -n, qurr reciter
(esp. of the Koran); reader q.
al-kaff chiromancer, palmist
maqr read (past part.); legible,
readable; worth reading
muqri reciter of the Koran
garage
qaruba u (qurb, maqraba) to be near
( or to s.o., to s.th.); to come near,
get close ( or to s.o., to s.th.), close
in ( or on s.o., on s.th.), approach
753
( or s.o., s.th.); to approximate (
or s.th.); - qariba a to be near ( to
s.o., to s.th.); to come near, get close (
to s.o., to s.th.), close in ( on s.o., on
s.th.), approach ( s.o., s.th.); to
approximate ( s.th.); to draw near, be
coming on, approach
(yaqrubu) (with foll. figure)
approximately, about, some, circa II to
cause or allow ( s.o., s.th.) to come
near or get close ( or to s.th.), make
or let ( s.o., s.th.) approach ( or
s.th.), bring close ( s.o., s.th.; or
to s.th.), advance, move ( s.o., s.th.;
or toward s.th.), approximate (o s.th.;
or to); to bring home ( or to
s.o. s.th., e.g., an idea); to take as associate
or companion ( s.o. for o.s.); to bring
closer to comprehension, reveal more the immediate future;
fully ( s.th.), clarify the concept, (asan) fair, fairly good (as a school-
facilitate the understanding ( of s.th.) ; to report grade); q. al-ahd recent,
offer up, present ( to God as sacrifice); new, young; since recently, of
(Chr.) to administer Communion ( to late, of a recent date; recently, lately, not
s.o.); to sheathe, put into the scabbard ( long ago, the other day;
the sword) to bring people having adopted or acquired s.th. very
closer together, make peace among recently; not long familiar or acquainted
people, reconcile people III to be near ( with s.th., inexperienced at s.th., a novice
to s.o., to s.th.); to come near, come in s.th.; q. at-tanwul easy to
close, get close ( to s.o., to s.th.), close understand
in ( on s.o., on s.th.), approach ( qirb pl. qurub, aqriba
s.o., s.th.); to approximate ( s.th.); to be sheath, scabbard (of a .word); receptacle,
almost equivalent ( with s.th.), amount container, case, etui, covering
to almost the same thing ( as s.th.); to be
on the point ( of doing s.th.), be about ( qarba relation, relationship,
to do s.th.); to bring (close) together ( kinship 754
different things) V to approach ( or qurba: qurabata
s.o., s.th.), come or get near s.o., near taltati awm almost three years
s.th. ( or ), come close, get close (
or to s.o.), gain access ( or to qurbn pl. qarbn2
s.o.); to seek to gain s.o.s ( )favor, sacrifice, offering, immolation, oblation;
curry favor ( with s.o.); (Chr.) to Mass (Chr.); Eucharist (Chr.)
receive Communion VI to be or come q. a-ukr thank offering; d al-
near each other, approach one another, q. Corpus Christi (Chr.);
approximate each other VIII to approach ( (tanwala) to receive Communion (Chr.);
s.o., s.th.), come, advance, or get near or ( qaddama) to
s.o. or s.th. (), come close, get close ( read Mass for s.o. (Chr.)
to) X to find near, regard as near ( s.th.) qurbna Host; Communion (Chr.)
qurb nearness, closeness, aqrab2 nearer, nearest, next; more
proximity, vicinity; qurba (prep.) in the probable, more likely; probable, likely; pl.
vicinity of, near, toward aqrabn, aqrib2 relations,
qurba -uhr toward noon; or relatives ( fahm) easier to
in the vicinity of, near, close to; understand, more comprehensible;
from a short distance, from close up ( ) )ia, awab) it is quite
qirba pl. -t, qirab waterskin; probable, it is fairly correct, it is rather
-- (pl. qirab) bagpipe exact, it comes fairly close to the troth;
) )f aqrabi waqtin
qurb relation, relationship, (mumkinin) or ( yumkinu) as
kinship pl. daw l-q. soon as possible, in the shortest time
relative, relation possible
qarb near (in place and time), maqrab pl. maqrib2 nearest
nearby, close at hand; in the neighborhood or shortest way, short cut
or vicinity ( or of s.o., of s.th.), close
( or to s.o., to s.th.), adjacent ( or maqraba, maqruba nearness,
to s.th.); easily understood, simple; (pl. closeness, proximity, vicinity; (pl.
aqrib2) relative, relation; maqrib2) nearest or shortest way, short
qarban soon, before long, shortly, in the cut nearby, close at hand;
near future; recently, lately, not long ago, in the vicinity of, near, close to
the other day and taqrb approximation
(amm q.) soon, before long, shortly, in taqrban, bi-wajh t-t.
the near future; not -- in or approximately, almost,
the least, not by a far cry; in
 nearly, roughly, about; just
barely perceptible
taqrb approximate,
approximative
taqarrub approach; approximation
( to)
taqrub mutual approach; mutual
approximation; rapprochement
iqtirb approach; approximation
muqarrab pl. -n close
companion, favorite, protg, intimate
muqrib approximate,
approximative, estimated; mediocre,
medium, of medium quality
mutaqrib close together,
following in close intervals, consecutive,
successive, subsequent; name of a
poetical meter
2
qrib pl. qawrib boat, skiff monkey
q. az-zubda (eg.) sauceboat for
melted butter; ( musalla) gunboat;
q. an-najh lifeboat; qurd (coll.; n. un. )pl.
mine sweeper; qirdn tick, ticks (zool.)
motorboat
qawrib boatman
qarabs (qarbs) pl. qarbs2 quraidis (syr.) shrimp (zool.)
saddlebow
qarabna pl. -t carbine
qaraa a (qar) to wound ( s.o.); --
qaria a (qara) to ulcerate, fester; to be
covered with ulcers, be ulcerous II to
wound ( s.o.) V to ulcerate, fester; to be
covered with ulcers, be ulcerous VIII to
invent, originate, think up ( s.th.); to
improvise, extemporize, deliver off-hand (
a speech); to demand in a brash or
imperious manner ( or of s.o.
s.th.); to propose, suggest ( to s.o.
s.th.)
gar pl. qur wound; ulcer,
sore
qari covered with ulcers,
ulcerous, ulcerated; ulcerating, festering
qara pl. qira ulcer, sore;
abscess, boil ( rakwa) soft
chancre, chancroid (med.)
qar pure, limpid, clear (esp.
water) 755
qar pure, limpid, clear (esp.
water)
qara pl. qari2 natural
disposition, innate disposition, bent;
genius, talent, gift, faculty
taqarru ulceration
iqtir invention, improvisation;
(pl. -t) proposition, proposal, suggestion;
motion
muqarra covered with ulcers,
ulcerous, ulcerated
mutaqarri covered with ulcers,
ulcerous, ulcerated; ulcerating, festering
muqtara pl. -t proposition,
proposal, suggestion; motion
qird pl. qirada, qurd ape,
qurd (coll.; n. un. )tick (zool.)
ab q.
(eg.) white egret (zool.)
maqrd exhausted
qarasa a (qaras) to he severe, fierce,
biting, grim (the cold) II to freeze, make
torpid, (be)numb, nip ( s.o., s.th.; of
the cold)
qris severe, fierce, biting, grim
(of the cold); very cold, bitterly cold,
freezing, frozen
qaraa i u (qar) to gnash, grind (ones
teeth); to nibble, crunch, chew ( s.th.); --
qaraa i (qar), II and VIII to earn money,
make a living ( li-iylih for ones
family)
qir shark (zool.); (pl. qur)
piaster ( eg., = Eg. pound)
standard piaster; ( eg., =
)little piaster
qurai Koreish, name of an rab
tribe in ancient Mecca
qura of, pertaining to, or
belonging to the Koreish tribe; Koreishite
 qar, qara sour cheese
muqri rich, well-to-do,
prosperous, wealthy, moneyed
qaraa u (qar) to pinch, nip, tweak (
s.o., s.th.); to scratch ( s.o., s.th.); to
bite, sting ( s.o.; of a gnat, flea, and the
like) ( bi-lisnih to hurt s.o.
with words II to pinch or nip sharply,
tweak ( s.o., s.th.); to scratch all over (
s.o., s.th.); to shape into round, flat
loaves ( the dough)
qur pl. aqr round, flat
loaf of bread; (flat, circular) plate, disk,
discus; phonograph record, disc; sheave,
pulley (mech.); tablet, pastille, lozenge,
troche dial (of a telephone);
a. ajwa a pastry mode of rich
dough with almonds and date paste (syr.);
q. asal honeycomb; scissors
( nra) approx.: to feather ones nest,
have an eye out for ones own interest,
know on which side ones bread is
buttered
qur: q. a-akl disk-
like, disk-shaped, discoid, discous
qura pl. qura round, flat
loaf of bread
qara pl. qarat pinch, nip,
tweak; bite, sting (of s gnat, lies, and the
like); crowbar, pinch bar, handspike, lever
qurrai stinging nettle (Urtica
urens L.; bot.)
qarra pincers, nippers
qarya (syr.) small, black
plums; (eg.) prunes 756
qri, biting; stinging; painful,
nipping, tormenting (e.g., cold)
q. al-kalimt biting words
qarana piracy, robbery on the high seas
freebooting
qurn pl. qarin2, 2
qarn2 corsair, pirate, freebooter
qara i (qar) to cut, sever, cut off, clip (
s.th.); to gnaw ( s.th. or on s.th.),
nibble ( s.th. or at s.th.), bite, champ (
s.th.), eat ( into s.th.), corrode ( s.th.)
( ribah) to die;
(ira) to write poetry, make verses II = I;
IV to loan, lend, or advance, money ( to
s.o.); to lend ( to s.o. s.th.) VI
( tana) they competed in the recital
of eulogies VII to die out; to become
extinct; to perish VIII to raise a loan (
with), borrow ( from) X to ask for a
loan ( s.o.)
qar (qir) pl. qur loan
( asan) interest-free loan with
unstipulsted due dste; ( ml)
(monetary) loan; ashum al-q.
bonds
qar poetry
qura pl. -t chips, shreds,
parings, shavings, scraps; iron filings
qarra clothes moth
miqr pl. maqr2
inqir dying out, gradual
disappearance; extinction
iqtir loan
istiqr raising of a loan; loan
al-qawri the rodents
muqri pl. -n moneylender;
lender
munqari extinct, exterminated,
perished
qaraa u (qar) to cut into small
pieces, chop, mince ( s.th.) II do.; to
snuff, trim ( a candle, a wick); to
squeeze ( s.th.); (eg.) to urge, ply (
s.o.); to be stern, be strict ( with s.o.);
to beset, harass, press hard ( s.o.); to
give little ( to s.o.), be illiberal, be
stingy ( with s.o.), scrimp ( s.o.)
qur pl. aqr, qir,
qur earring; eardrop, pendant for the ear
taqra pl. taqr2 wrapper
worn by women (tun.)
pl. look up alphabetically
see
qirs pl. qars2 paper; sheet of
paper; paper bag
quruba2 Cordova (city in Spain)
qarajanna2, Carthage
 qaras paper; sheet of paper
qarama to cut off, clip ( s.th.)
qirim, qurum safflower
(Carthamus tinctorius; bot.)
qurumn oats
II to praise, commend, laud, extol, acclaim
( s.o.); to eulogize ( s.th.), lavish praise
( on)
qara pods of a species of sant tree
(Acacia nilotica; bot.)
qar eulogy, encomium,
panegyric
taqr pl. -t, taqr 2 skin disease, ringworm (med.)
eulogy, encomium, panegyric
qaraa a (qar) to knock, rap ( at
s.th.); to hit, bump ( s.th. or against
s.th.); to strike, beat, thump ( against
s.th.; s.o., s.th. with; with
s.th. on or s.th. else); to thrash. spank (
s.o. with); to clink, touch ( glasses); to
757 ring, sound (e s.th.); -- qaria (qara)
to be or become bald(headed); to be
empty, bare, stark (place)
(jarasa) to ring the bell;
(samah) to reach s.o.s ear;
(sinnah) to gnash ones teeth;
( ) )sinna n-nadam) to repent s.th.;
amrah) his conscience recruitment, draft (mil.); vote ( on);
tormented or smote him, he had a guilty
conscience, he felt grave compunctions;
( kasa) to touch glasses, drink to
s.o.s ( )health II to scold, chide, opbraid
( s.o.), snap ( at s.o.); to rebuke, blame,
censure ( s.o.) III to fight, come to blows
( with s.o.); to bottle, fight ( s.o.); to
contend by force of arms ( with s.o.
for s.th.); to cast or draw lots ( with s.o.)
VI to hump against each other, clash; to
cast lots among each other ( for) VIII
to cast lots among each other ( for); to
vote, take a vote ( on); to draw lots (
for s.o.). choose by lot ( s.o.); to muster,
recruit ( s.o.; mil.); to elect (, s.o., s.th.)
qar knock(ing), rap(ping), beating,
striking, thumping; ring(ing)
qar (coll.; n. un. )gourd, pumpkin
( eg.) bottle gourd, calabash
(Lagenaria vulgaris Ser.; bot.);
q. ks (eg., syr.) zucchini (bot.)
qara boldness, boldheadedness;
emptiness, bareness, starkness
qara (n. vic.) knock, rap, blow,
stroke, thump; -- (n. un.) gourd, pumpkin;
skull, head
qar gourd-, pumpkin- (in
compounds), cucurbitaceous
qura pl. qura lot; ballot; lot-
casting; (mil.) conscription, recruitment
(by lot), balloting
(askarya) enlistment, draft, recruitment
(mil.); drafted recruits
qur, mara al-qur a
qar exquisite, select q.
ad-dahr the greatest hero of his time
aqra2 bald; baldheaded; empty,
bare, stark; scabby, scurfy
miqraa pl. maqri2
knocker, rapper (of a door); whip, switch;
cudgel, club
taqr chiding, scolding, reproof,
rebuke, censure
muqraa fight, struggle (with
genit. = against)
iqtir pl. -t balloting,
election
qria pl. qawri2 (sudden)
misfortune, calamity; adversity; the
hour of the Last Judgment
middle of the road, roadway; road,
highway; ( uruq) on the
open road
qarafa i (qarf) to peel, pare, bark, derind (
s.th.); -- qarifa a (qaraf) to loathe (
s.th.), feel disgust ( for), be nauseated (
by) II to peel, pare, bark, derind ( s.th.);
to be loathsome, arouse disgust III to let
o.s. be tempted ( to a sin), yield (e to a
desire) VIII to commit, perpetrate ( a
crime)
qaraf loathing, disgust, detestation
qirfa pl. qiraf rind, bark, skin,
crust; scab, scurf; cinnamon

qarfa (eg.) cemetery, specif.,
graveyard below the Mokattam Hills near
Cairo
qarfa ill humor, ill temper
qarfn (eg.) disgusted, nauseated,
sink and tired
iqtirf commission, perpetration
(of a crime) 758
muqrif loathsome, disgusting,
nauseating, repulsive, detestable
muqtarif perpetrator (of a crime)
qarfaa to squat on the ground (with
thighs against the stomach and arms
enfolding the legs)
qurfu2 squatting, squatting
position ( )( qurfua) to qarmd2 (fired) brick, roof tile; plaster of
squat on ones heels
qarfl (coll.; n. un. )vetch
qaraqa u (qarq) to cluck (hen)
qarqadn squirrel
qarqara ( qarqara) to roll; to rumble
(stomach); to bray (camel); to coo
(pigeon); to purr (cat)
qarqara pl. qarqir2
rumbling noise (in the stomach); gurgle;
braying (of a camel); cooing (of a pigeon);
purr(ing) (of a cat)
qarq pl. qarq2 cartilage qarmia Karmathians
qarqa pl. qarq2 (eg.) 2
a kind of crisp cookies
muqarqa (eg.) crisp(ed)
qarqaa (eg.) to gnaw, bite ( on s.th.)
to gnash ones teeth
qarqaa to be noisy, boisterous; to creak,
grate; to crack, pop ) unite, join forces, associate ( with s.o.); to
or) (ak) to burst into loud laughter,
laugh noisily, guffaw; ( bi-
sauih) to crack the whip
qarqaa uproar, din, noise;
creaking, creaks, grating; crack(ing),
pop(ping); rumble, rumbling
qaraqz (from Turk. karagz) chief
character of the Turkish shadow play
see
1
qarama i (qarm) to gnaw ( on s.th.),
nibble ( at s.th.)
qarm pl. qurm studhorse; lord,
master
qirm blanket, carpet, curtain
miqram pl. maqrim2
bedcover, bedspread.
2
qurma pl. quram (eg.) tree stump;
log, block of wood; chopping block
3
al-qirim and al-qirm the Crimea
qarmada to plaster, coat with plaster (
s.th.); to tile, cover with tile ( s.th.)
qarmad (coll.) plaster; plaster of
Paris
qirmd (coll.; n. un. )pl.
Paris
qirmiz kermes (the dried bodies of the
female kermes insect, coccus ilicis, which
yield a red dyestuff)
qirmiz crimson, carmine; scarlet
( umm) scarlet fever
(med.)
qarmaa (eg.) to eat s.th. dry (),
crunch, nibble
muqarma dry, crisp
1
qarma Karmathian (adj. and n.); pl.
qarm pl. qarm2 a variety of
sheatfish (zool.; Eg.)
qarana i (qarn) to connect, link,
join, unite, combine, associate ( or
s.th. with); to add ( s.th. to); to
couple, yoke together, hitch together, put
together, bind together ( s.th.) III to
be simultaneous, go hand in hand ( with
s.th.); to compare ( or -- s.o.,
s.th. with; two things with one
another), draw a parallel ( --
between -- and; between two
things) IV to combine, 759 interrelate (
two things) VIII to be connected, be
linked, be joined, be united, be combined,
be associated ( with); to combine,
associate, unite ( with); to get married,
be married ( to), marry ( s.o.); to be
coupled, be interconnected, be yoked
together, be tied together, be bound
together; to become interlinked, become
concatenate X to ripen, suppurate, come to
a head (of a furuncle)
qarn pl. qurn horn (of an
animal; as a wind instrument); feeler,
tentacle, antenna; top, summit, peak (of a
mountain); the lint visible part of the
rising sun; capsule, pod (bot.); century
rhinoceros; do.; iqtirn connection, conjunction,
d l-qarnain the two-horned (an epithet
given to Alexander the Great); q.
al-bar coral; ( sam) ear
trumpet (= Fr, cornet acoustique);
( wus) the Middle Ages
qarn horny, corneous, of born,
hornlike; leguminous, pertaining to, or of
the nature of, legumes; centennial,
centenary
qarnya cornea (anat.)
qirn pl. aqrn (matched) quranful carnation; clove
opponent in battle; an equal, a peer, a
match; companion, mate, fellow,
associate; equal, like
qurna pl. quran, qurn
salient angle, nook, corner
qarn pl. quran2 connected,
joined, linked, combined, united,
associated, affiliated; companion, mate,
fellow, associate, comrade; husband,
spouse, consort; qarna (prep.) in
connection with, in conjunction with,
upon, at munqai al-q. ( s.th.); to explore ( s.th.)
matchless, peerless, unrivaled,
incomparable, unique, singular
qarna pl. -t wife, spouse,
consort; female demon haunting women,
specif., a childbed demon; eclampsia
(med.); -- (pl. qarin) connection,
conjunction, union, relation, affiliation,
association, linkage; (semantic or
syntactical) coherence, context; evidence,
indication, indicium see
(sayyida) his wife (formal style);
the concatenation of circumstances,
the indicia, factual evidence;
( amm) combination
aqran2, f. qarn2 horned,
horny; one with eyebrows grown together
( ayya) cerastes, horned viper
qirn close union, close
connection: conjunction (astron.);
marriage, wedding
muqrana pl. -t comparison
m. al-lugt comparative
linguistics
union, association, affliliation; link,
connectedness, simultaneous interaction;
conjunction (astron.); new moon (as an
astronomical aspect); marriage, wedding
maqrn connected, joined,
linked, combined, united, associated,
affiliated ( with) m. al-
jibain having joined eyebrows
muqrin comparative (science)
qarnab cauliflower
( Eg. spelling; pronounced aragz)
Karagz, chief character of the shadow
play; Punch
qaraql pl. -t police station; guard
(military, police) q. a-
araf guard of honor 760
V to follow up, investigate ( s.th.),
inquire (. into); to check. verify ( s.th.) X
to follow ( s.th.); to pursue ( s.th., e.g.,
a problem); to examine, study, investigate
qano pl. J) qurllw watering trough
kaab q. oak (wood)
istiqr induction (philos.); see
also under
istiqr inductive (philos.)
qaruwiya Croatia
qaruw Croatian
qara i ( qiran) to receive hospitably,
entertain ( s.o.) VIII = I
qiran hospitable reception,
entertainment (of a guest); meal served to
a guest
 qarya pl. quran village;
hamlet; small town; rural community;
al-qaryatn Mecca and Taif; Mecca
and Medina umm al-qur Mecca
qaraw village-, country- (in
compounds), rustic, rural; peasant (adj.);
(pl. qarawyn) villager, rustic,
countryman, inhabitant of the country;
from Kairouan, Kairouan (adj.), an
inhabitant of Kairouan; a member of al
Qarawiya College in Fs (Morocco)
mosque and college in Fs
(Morocco); bar qazwn Caspian Sea 761
(baladya) Ministry of Municipal and
Rural Affairs (Eg.)
qarawya countrywoman, peasant
woman
qarya pl. qary yard (naut.)
miqran vary hospitable
miqr very hospitable
qrin villager
quraidis (syr.) shrimp (zool.)
qazza (1st pers. perf. qazaztu) u to loathe,
detest ( or s.o., s.th.) II to vitrify (
s.th.); to glaze ( s.th.) V to feel disgust (
or at), be nauseated ( or by),
loathe, detest, abhor ( or s.o., s.th.),
have an aversion ( or to)
qazz pl. quzz silk; raw silk
qizz (eg.) glass
qazzz silk merchant
qizza pl. -t, qaziz2 (eg.)
bottle
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taqazzuz loathing, disgust,
detestation, abhorrence, aversion
( Turk. kazan) qazn pl. -t kettle, large
boiler
II to embellish ( ones speech)
qausu qazain or qausu
quzaa rainbow
quzaya iris (anat.)
qaza (coll.; n. un. )wind-driven, tattered
clouds, scud; tuft of hair
( eg.) quza dwarf, midget, pygmy
qaza tuft of hair
gazqaza (eg.) to crack ( nuts, shells)
qazal limp(ing)
qazam pl. aqzm dwarf, midget,
pygmy; Lilliputian; little fellow, shrimp,
hop-o-my-thumb, whippersnapper
quzmgrfiy cosmography
quzmgrf cosmographic(al)
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qassa u (qass) to seek, pursue ( s.th.),
strive ( for), aspire ( to) V do.
qass, qiss pl. quss,
qusus priest, presbyter, clergyman,
minister, parson, vicar, curate, pastor
(Chr.); -- qass (= )sternum, breastbone
qasss slanderer
qisss pl. -n, qaswisa,
qussn, aqissa, (Copt.-Chr.)
quss priest, presbyter, clergyman,
minister, parson, vicar, curate, pastor
(Chr.)
qussa ministry, priesthood,
presbyterate (Chr.)
risma qussya ordination
(of a priest; Chr.)
qasara i (qasr) to force, compel, coerce,
constrain ( s.o. to do s.th.); to
conquer, subdue, subjugate ( s.o., s.th.)
VIII = I
qasr force, compulsion, coercion,
constraint; qasran compulsorily,
forcibly, by force; of necessity,
necessarily, inevitably, perforce
iqtisr conquest, subdual,
subjugation
II to distribute ( s.th.); to pay in
installments ( s.th.) IV to act justly, in
fairness, equitably
qis justice, fairness, equity,
equitableness, fair-mindedness, rightness,
correctness; (for sg. and pl.) just, fair,
equitable, fair-minded, right, correct; --
(pl. aqst) part; share, allotment;
portion; installment; quantity, amount,
 measure, extent by solemn oaths; ( muqadastih)
installments, gradually; to swear by all thats holy V to be divided,
to possess s.th. (a quality, a characteristic) be parted, be split; to be distributed, be
to a large extent, have a great deal of ... parceled out; to share ( a possession),
divide among themselves ( s.o., s.th.);
qasa stiffness of a joint, ankylosis
to scatter, disperse ( s.th.); to drive away,
(med.)
dispel ( s.th.); to beset grievously, harass
aqsa juster, fairer; more correct or torment jointly ( s.o.)
taqs payment in installments ( arban) they took turns in dealing
in installments, gradually him painful blows, they gave him a severe
beating VI to divide or distribute among
muqsi acting justly or with themselves ( s.th.); to beset, harass,
fairness, doing right; just, fair torment ( s.o.; thoughts, worries, etc.) VII
qasara to test the genuineness ( of to be divided, be parted, be split; to be
coins) distributed, be dispersed, be separated; to
be divided, be subdivided, be portioned,
quss, qiss pl. qass2 be broken up ( into) VIII to divide or
balance, scales distribute among themselves ( s.th.) X to
1
qasal pl. qasil2 water pipe, seek an oracle from the deity, cast lots
water main qism pl. aqsm part, share,
2
qasal (eg.) chestnut allotment; portion; division, compartment;
3 section; department; group, class; district,
bild al-qasila Castile, Spain
precinct; police precinct, police station
al-qasannya Constantinople (Eg.); administrative subdivision of a
qasama i (qasm) to divide, part, muaa (Eg.); subcommittee; kind, sort,
split ( s.th.); to distribute, deal out, specimen, species
parcel out ( s.th. to, among), divide ( qisma dividing, division,
s.th. among); to let s.o. ( )share ( distribution, allotment, apportionment;
s.th.). give s.o. ( )a .hare of s.th. (), (math.) division ( by); (pl. qisam)
allot ( to s.o. s.th.); to divide, part, portion, share, allotment; lot, destiny,
subdivide, partition, portion, break up ( fate (foreordained by God)
s.th. into), arrange, classify ( s.th.
qasam pl. aqsm oath;
in); to partition, to compartment ( s.th.);
qasaman I swear! I swear by !
to assign, apportion, decree, destine,
foreordain ( or to s.o. s.th.; of God qasamt, qasimt features,
or of fate); to divide ( a number by lineaments (of the face)
another) II to divide, part, split ( s.th.); to qasm and qasma beauty,
distribute, deal out, parcel out, divide ( elegance
s.th. among); to divide, subdivide,
partition, portion, break up ( s.th., or qasm pl. qusam2,
into), section ( s.th.), arrange, classify aqsim2 sharer, partner, copartner,
( s.th., or in); to partition, to participant; -- (pl. aqsim2) part,
compartment ( s.th.); (Chr.) to portion, share, allotment; counterpart
consecrate, ordain ( s.o.); to exorcise a qasma pl. qasim2 coupon;
devil or demon ( from s.o., by receipt
adjuration) III to share ( with s.o. s.th.);
to bind o.s. by oath ( to s.o. to do taqsm exorcism; (pl. -t) dividing,
s.th.) IV to take an oath, swear ( by; division, partition, parting, splitting,
to s.o. s.th.; to do s.th.) sectioning, portioning; distribution,
( ill faalah) to adjure or entreat allotment, apportionment; dealing out;
s.o. to do s.th.; ( jahda division, subdivision, partition(ment); pl.
aimnihim) 762 they swore by all that is taqsm2 structure, build, proportions
right and holy, they swore the most (e.g., of the body); -- solo recital (mus.)
 taqsma pl. taqsm2 short 1
solo piece for an instrument (mus.)
muqsama partnership,
participation, sharing
inqism division, split, disruption,
breakup; schism
iqtism dividing, division,
distribution (among themselves)
qsim divider; distributor; divisor,
denominator (math.)
maqsm dividend (math.);
divisor (math.)
muqassim divider; distributor
muqsim sharer, partner, co-
partner, participant
qusanna2 Constantine (city in NE
Algeria)
) )qas u ( qaswa, qaswa) to qaada u (qaId) to skim, take off ( the
be harsh, stern, cruel, merciless,
remorseless ( toward s.o.); to handle
roughly, treat harshly, severely, cruelly,
without mercy ( s.o.) II to harden,
indurate, render obdurate or impenitent (
the heart) III to undergo, suffer, endure,
sustain, bear, stand ( s.th.), bear up (
against s.th.) IV = II
qasw hardness, harshness,
grimness, sternness, severity, rigor,
austerity
qaswa, hardness, harshness,
grimness, sternness, severity, rigor,
austerity; cruelty, mercilessness,
remorselessness 763
qaswa hardness, harshness,
grimness, sternness, severity, rigor,
austerity; cruelty, mercilessness,
remorselessness
qusy hard, solid, firm
aqs harder, harsher, sterner,
severer; more cruel; more difficult
muqsh undergoing, suffering,
enduring, sustaining, bearing, standing
qsin pl. qush hard, harsh,
grim, stern, severe, austere, rough; cruel,
inexorable, relentless, merciless,
remorseless; difficult
qasy see
2
qusy, qisy pl. of qaus
qaa i u (qa) to collect, gather (up), pick
up ( s.th.); to pick up from here and
there ( s.th.); to become dry, dry up,
shrivel up, wither (esp., of a plant) II to
take of this and that
qa straw steel wool;
umm l-q. bay fever
qaa (n. un.) a straw
match, matchstick; ( eg.) gherkins
qa sweepings, rubbish,
garbage, trash, refuse; offal, waste, scrap
miqaa (eg.) broom, besom
qib, qaab pl. aqb poison
qab pl. quub new; clean;
polished, burnished
cream)
qida cream
qaara i u (qar) to peel, pare, shell,
derind, bark, skin, scale, shave off, husk,
shuck ( s.th.) II = I; V to be peeled, be
pared, be shelled, be derinded, be barked,
be skinned, be scaled, be shaved off, be
husked, be shucked; to come off in scales,
scale off, flake off, peel off (skin; coating)
VII = V
qir pl. qur cover(ing),
integument, envelope; shell; peel; rind,
bark; skin, crust; scab; scurf; hull, husk,
shuck; scales (of fish); slough (of a
snake); pl. trash, garbage, refuse;
trivialities, banalities; externals,
superficialities, formalities; dandruff
q. ar-ras dandruff
qira peel, rind (e.g., of a fruit),
shell (of an egg, of a nut); bark; skin;
crust; scab; scurf; hull, husk, shuck; scale;
slough (of a snake)
qir scaly, scurfy, scabrous,
squamous; crustaceous
psoriasis (med.); O
(ayawnt) crustaceans
taqr peeling, paring, shelling;
derinding, barking; skinning; scaling;
 shaving off, scraping off; husking,
shucking
qaaa i (qa) to take off, strip
(off), remove ( s.th. from); to skim (
cream); to scratch off, scrape off, abrade (
s.th.) II to take off ( s.th.); to strip off (
s.th.); to rob ( s.o., s.th.), plunder,
strip of his belongings ( s.o.)
( eg.) qia, (syr.) gaa cream;
(eg.) sweetsop (Annona squamosa L.;
bot.), custard apple
qi (leather) strap, thong;
whiplash; drive belt, transmission belt
qu (eg.) pl. -t jetton. chip,
counter; piece, man (checkers,
backgammon)
2
O miqa pl. maqi eraser,
erasing knife
O miqaa pl. maqi2 qaafa) to live in squalor and misery; to
milling machine, miller 764
qaaa a (qa) to scatter, disperse, drive
away, chase away ( s.o., s.th.), dispel
( s.th.) IV to scatter, disperse, drive
away, chase away ( s.o., s.th.), dispel (
s.th.); to scatter, disperse, break up
(crowd), lift, dissolve (clouds, darkness) V
and VII to be scattered, be dispersed, be
driven away, be chased away; to scatter,
disperse, break up (crowd),
lift, dissolve (clouds, darkness)
( )IV iqa'amJ to Ibudder, lhiver,
tremble. quake. Ihake, bave gooae s..b
(witb cold. witb fright) I')":I .:.. ~ .;.
("I~)'I or) la,'"" laqla"""" m,,,",,
I-;tdud"
a bloodcurdling thing. a borrible.
ghastly thing
'J..~ quk{rira shudder, tremor,
trembling. Ibakos; lhiver(ing); ague
~ qaI'am pl. ~L.:; qaAa'im' lion I ~ rl
"mm q. byena; calamity, disaster
qaifa a (qaaf) and qaufa u (
have a dirty skin; to pay no attention to
cleanliness II (eg.) to become rough and
chapped, to chap (hands) V = I; to lead an
ascetic life, mortify the bodily appetites;
(eg.) to become rough and chapped, to
chap (skin)
qifa (eg.) pl. qiaf crust (of
bread)
 taqauf asceticism, mortification
of the flesh; simple, primitive way of life
mutaqaif ascetic(al); (eg.)
roughened, chapped (hands); al-
mutaqaifa the ascetics
qaqaa to cure ( s.o. of scabies, of
smallpox); to sweep out, sweep away (
s.th.)
1 romancer
qaila (qaal) (eg.) to be poor, penniless,
without means
2 narrative, tale, novella, novel; short story
( Turk. kla) qala pl. qial (military)
barracks (syr.); hospital (eg.)
( Turk. klak) qulq pl. -t (military)
barracks
qimi a variety of currants (=
seedless raisins)
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qaa u (qa) to cut, cut off, clip ( s.th.);
to shear, shear off ( s.th.); to trim,
curtail, dock, crop, lop ( s.th.); -- (qa,
qaa): ( atarah) to follow
s.o.s tracks, track s.o.; ( qaas) to
relate, narrate, tell ( to s.o. s.th.) II to
out off, shear off, clip, curtail, dock, trim,
crop, lop ( s.th.) III to retaliate ( upon
s.o.), return like for like ( to s.o.); to
avenge o.s., revenge o.s., take vengeance (
on s.o.); to punish, castigate, chastise (
s.o.); (com.) to settle accounts ( with s.o.);
to be quits, be even ( with s.o.) V
(atarah) to follow s.o.s tracks, track s.o.
VIII = V; to tell accurately, relate exactly
( s.th.); to retaliate ( upon s.o.), return
like for like ( to s.o.); to avenge o.s.,
revenge o.s., take vengeance ( on s.o.);
to punish, castigate, chastise ( s.o.)
clippings, outings, chips, snips,
shreds, scraps; sternum, breastbone
qua pl. qua, qi embroidery; brocade
forelock; lock of hair
qia manner of cutting; cut; (pl.
qia) narrative, tale, story
the matter is so that ..., the thing is
best described by saying that ...
qaa clippings, cuttings, chips,
snips, shreds, narrative, tale, story
qia, qaa narrative, epic(al);
(pl. )storyteller, writer of fiction,
novelist, romancer ( ir)
epic poetry 765
qua (coll. qu, and
qua) pl. -t cutting, chip, snip,
shred; scrap (of paper); slip (of paper);
(newspaper) clipping
qa shearer; tracker, tracer of
tracks; writer of fiction, novelist,
uqa pl. aq2
miqa pl. maq (pair of)
scissors, (pair of) shears; (syr.) springs (of
an automobile, of a coach) ab
m. earwig; skimmer, scissorbill
(Rhynchops; zool.)
qi requital, reprisal,
retaliation; punishment, castigation,
chastisement; accounting, clearing,
settlement of accounts
muqa accounting, clearing,
settlement of accounts; balancing,
adjustment, set off; compensation (com.)
gurfat al-m. clearing house
(fin.)
maq pl. maq2
(eg.) lovelock, earlock
maqa skimming ladle,
skimmer
quj pl. -t pliers, pincers, nippers
qaaba i (qab) to out up, carve up ( a
slaughtered animal) II to curl ( the hair);
to brocade, embroider with gold and silver
thread ( s.th.)
qaab (coll.) cane(s), reed(s);
sugar cane; stalks (of cereal grasses); gold
and silver thread, gold and silver
q.
ad-dahab gold brocade; q. as-
sukkar sugar cane; ( hind)
bamboo; ) )araza
qaaba s-sabq (wa-l-galb) to come
through with flying colors, carry the day,
score a great success
qaaba (n. un.) pl. -t cane, reed;
pipe, tube; pipestem, pipe tube; writing
pen; windpipe, trachea; shaft (of a well); a
wind instrument resembling the reed pipe;
 kassabah, a linear measure (Eg. = 3.55
m); citadel; capital city, metropolis
q. ar-ria windpipe, trachea;
q. al-mar gullet, esophagus
qaba butchers trade, butchery
quaiba (tun.) oats
qab butcher, slaughterer; (eg.)
land surveyor
qaba (reed) pipe
muqaab embroidered with gold
and silver thread, brocaded, trimmed with
brocade
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qaada i (qad) to go or proceed
straightaway ( or to s.o., to s.th.),
make a beeline ( or for), walk up to
s.o. or s.th. ( or .); to go to see (
s.o.), call ( on s.o.); to betake o.s.,
repair, go ( to a place; to s.o.),
be headed, be bound ( for a place); to
seek, pursue ( s.th.), strive (
for), aspire ( to), intend, have in
mind ( s.th.; or s.th. with s.th.
else); to aim ( at s.th.); to have in
view, contemplate, consider, purpose (
s.th.); to mean, try to say ( or by
s.th. s.th.); to adopt a middle course ( in,
at); to be economical, frugal, thrifty,
provident; to economize, save
(qadah) to walk up to s.o., go toward
s.o.; to follow, imitate s.o. IV to induce to
go ( to s.o., to a place; s.o.); to
compose kasidas V to be broken, break;
(eg.) to be angry ( with s.o.), be mad ( at
s.o.) VII to be broken, break VIII to adopt
a middle course ( in, at; between); to
assume a mediatory position (
between), act as mediator; to be
economical, frugal, thrifty, 766 provident,
economize ( with); to save ( money,
etc.); to compose kasidas
qad endeavor, aspiration,
intention, intent; design, purpose,
resolution; object, goal, aim, end;
frugality; thrift, economy qadan,
intentionally, purposely, advisedly,
on purpose; deliberately; 2
unintentionally, inadvertently;
usn al.q. good intention; s al-
q. evil intention ( qadaka,
qaduka) he is in front of you, before you,
opposite you
qad intentional; intended
qud (prep.) in front of, before,
opposite (eg.)
qad aspired, desired, aimed at,
intended; faultless, without defects (of a
poem); also = bait al-q.
(the essential, principal verse of the
kasida, i.e.) the main point, the principal
part, the essence, the core, the gist, the
hest, the hit, the climax of s.th., that which
stands out from the rest, the right thing
qada pl. qaid2 kasida,
an ancient Arabic poem having, as a rule,
a rigid tripartite structure) =
, see under
aqad2 directer, directest
maqad pl. maqid2 (place
of) destination; intention, intent; design,
purpose, resolution; object, goal, aim, end;
sense, meaning, import, purport,
significance sayyi al-m.
malevolent, malicious
iqtid saving, economization,
retrenchment; thriftiness, thrift,
providence; economy ilm
al-iqt., (( ( siys)
economics, political economy;
iqtidan f l-waqt in order to save
time
iqtid economical; saving,
thrifty, provident; economic; economist,
political economist; the
economy
qid direct, straight (way); easy,
smooth, pleasant, short (of travel)
( rasl) (pl. qud) apostolic
delegate
qida raslya papal
legation
maqd aimed at, intended;
intentional, designed, deliberate; meant
qadr tin
qaura u (qiar, qar, qara) to
be or become short, too short, or shorter;
to be insufficient, be inadequate; -- qaara
u ( qur) to miss, fail to reach (
s.th., e.g., a target), fall short ( of); to he
incapable ( of), he unable ( to do
s.th.), fail to reach, attain, accomplish, or
achieve ( s.th.); not to he equal ( to
s.th.), not to be up to s.th. (), he unable
to cope with s.th. ( ;)to desist, cease,
refrain, abstain ( from); -- qaara i u
(qar) to make short or shorter, shorten,
cut short, curtail, abridge, reduce, lessen (
s.th.); -- qaara u (qar) to hold hack,
restrain, check, curb ( s.o., s.th.); to
keep under supervision or control (
s.o., s.h.); to lock up ( s.o., s.th.); to
limit, restrict, confine ( s.o., s.th. neglectfulness; indolence, inertness,
to); -- qaara u (qar, qiara) to laziness
full, whiten, bleach, blanch ( s.th.) II to
make short or shorter, shorten, cut short,
curtail, abridge, reduce, lessen ( s.th.); to
miss, fail to reach ( s.th., e.g., a target),
fall short ( of); to he incapable ( of),
be unable ( to do s.th.); to fail to
accomplish, achieve, reach, or attain (
s.th.); not to be equal ( to s.th.), not to
he up to s.th. (), he unable to cope with
s.th. ( ;)to be 767 inadequate,
insufficient, inferior; to be remise ( in,
at, in some work), be derelict ( to), fall
behind, lag behind ( in); to be negligent,
careless; to be in, negligent, neglectful (
in), neglect ( s.th.); to desist, cease,
refrain, abstain ( from) he
spared no pains or expense in or with ...,
he left nothing undone to ..., he did not
fail to ... IV to make short or shorter,
shorten, cut short, curtail, abridge, reduce,
lessen ( s.th.); to desist, cease, refrain,
abstain ( from) VI to contract, shrink,
dwindle, become smaller; to be incapable
( of); to desist, cease (from); to
refrain. abstain ( from) VIII to limit
o.s., restrict o.s., confine o.s., be limited,
restricted, or confined ( to); to content
o.s., be content ( with) X to find short,
regard as deficient or inadequate ( s.th.)
qar shortness, brevity; smallness;
incapability, inability; insufficiency,
inadequacy; laxity, slackness, negligence,
neglectfulness; indolence, inertness,
laziness; shortening, curtailment,
abridgment, reduction, diminution;
limitation, restriction. confinement (
to); theutmost that is in s.o.s power, e.g.,
( qaruka) the most you
can hope to accomplish is to do this; you
must limit yourself to doing this
qar pl. qu castle; palace;
palais q. al-adlya (Mor.)
palace of justice, courthouse
qarya pl. qarin pot;
flowerpot; chamber pot
qiar shortness, brevity; smallness
q. an-naar nearsightedness,
shortsightedness
qar slackness, laxity, negligence,
qar, qur: =
( see )
qar fuller, bleacher
qur incapability, inability;
insufficiency, inadequacy; deficiency,
shortcoming, lack; reduction, diminution,
decrease; slackness, laxity, negligence,
neglectfulness; indolence, inertness,
laziness; legal minority, nonage
powerlessness, impotence,
helplessness, weakness, incapability,
inability ( of, to do s.th.)
qar pl. qir short; small,
short (of stature), low q. al-
ajal short-term(ed), short-dated, short-
lived; powerless, impotent,
helpless, weak, incapable, unable;
parsimonious, niggardly; q. al-
yad do.
qira trade of the fuller or
bleacher
qur the utmost, the limit ()
s.o.s power)
(qurka) the most you can accomplish
is to do this; you must limit yourself to
doing this; or ( q.
l-jahd) to exert every conceivable effort (
to, in order to; on, for), go to great
lengths, go out of ones way, do ones
best, do all in ones power, leave no stone
untamed ( to, in order to); q.
l-amr, q. l-qaul in short, in
brief, to make a long story short
aqar2 shorter
 al-aqur Luxor (town in Upper
Egypt)
taqr shortening, curtailment,
abridgment, reduction, diminution,
limitation, restriction, confinement;
incapability, incapacity, inability;
insufficiency, inadequacy, inferiority;
neglect, dereliction ( of ), remissness (
in); slackness, laxity, negligence, 768
neglectfullness; defect, fault, failing,
deficiency, shortcoming
qir incapable ( of), unable (
to do s.th.); limited, restricted,
confined ( to); reserved ( for);
intransitive (gram.); (pl. -n, quar)
legally minor, under age; a legal minor
q. a-arf (of a woman) cannon); revelry, carousal
chaste-eyed, chaste, demure, modest;
q. al-yad powerless, impotent,
helpless, weak, incapable, unable;
parsimonious, niggardly
maqr confined ( to);
restricted, limited m. a-
arf
(woman) chaste-eyed, chaste, demure,
modest; ( alif) the alif that can
be shortened, i.e., final , pronounced -
(e.g., ram) and , without following
hamza (gram.)
maqra pl. -t, maqr2 crop ( s.th.)
palace; cabinet, closet; compartment; box
or stall in a mosque near the mihrab,
reserved for the ruler; (theater, cinema)
box, log.; the detached portion of a
mosque set aside for the communal
prayer, and frequently enclosing the tomb
of the patron saint; (prisoners) dock;
chapel (in a church)
muqair slack, negligent,
neglectful
muqtair limited, restricted,
confined ( to)
muqtaar short, brief, concise,
terse, succinct, summary
look up alphabetically
qaaa a (qa) to drink in avid gulps,
gulp down, pour down, toss down (
water); to slake quench ( the thirst); to
grind, crush. bruise, squash, mash (
(s.th.)
qaa pl. qaat, qia,
qi large bowl (made of wood or
copper); (ir.) kettle
qaafa i (qaf) to break, shatter,
smash ( s.th.); to beset, harass, press
hard, oppress ( s.o.), bear down ( upon
s.o.); to bomb ( s.th.); to thunder, roar
(esp., of cannon); to roll, rumble, grumble,
peal (of thunder); -- u (qaf, quf)
to feast, revel, carouse; to lead a life of
opulence; -- qaifa a (qaaf) to break; to
be frail, delicate, brittle, fragile V and VII
to be broken, break, snap
qaf thunder, roar (e.g., of
qaif frail, delicate, brittle, fragile;
broken
qaf frail, delicate, brittle,
fragile; broken
quf revelry, carousal
maqaf pl. maqif2
refreshment room; post exchange,
canteen; casino; bar; buffet, refreshment
counter
qaqaa to break, shatter ( s.th.); (eg.)
to snip off the ends ( of s.th.), clip, trim,
qaala i (qal) to cut off, mow (off) (
s.th.) VIII to cut off ( s.th.)
qaal chaff, husks, shucks, awns
(of grain); (n. un. )stalks
qal sharp, cutting, sharp-
pointed
qal (eg.) winter barley
miqal sharp, cutting, sharp-
pointed
O miqala pl. -t, maqil2
guillotine
qil sharp, cutting
qaama i (qam) to break, shatter ( s.th.)
( ahrah) (to break s.o.s back
=) to be a mortal blow to s.o. V to be
broken, break, snap VII = V 769
 qaim easily broken, brittle, aq addin to the extreme limit, to the
fragile utmost; as far as possible;
qam easily broken, brittle, fragile or ( adnhu) from one end
to the other, throughout, everything
qim pl. qawim2 breaking without exception
qimat a-ahr mortal
taqain thorough examination,
blow, catastrophe, disaster;
close study, minute investigation
(arabat) mortal blows, crushing blows
istiq thorough examination,
( and ( qa u ( qaw,
close study, minute investigation; inquiry
quuw, qa) and qaiya a (
( about)
qaan) to be far away, be far
removed, be at a great distance ( from), qin pl. qn, aq
be remote, distant; to go far away ( distant, remote, far (away)
from) IV to take far away, send far away ( (lit.: the distant one and the near one =)
s.o., s.th. from); to remove ( s.o. everybody, all people; near
from); to drive away ( s.o. from); to and far
drag away ( s.o. from); to dismiss ( qaa u (qa) to pierce, bore,
s.o., from a job); to reach the perforate ( s.th.); to break into pieces,
utmost limit ( of s.th.) l crush, bray, bruise, pulverize ( s.th.); to
yuqhi l-baaru out of sight, not within
tear down, demolish ( a wall); to pull
view, invisible V to go far away (
out. tear out ( a peg or stake); -- a (
from); to penetrate deeply, inquire ( into
qaa) to be rough, crude, hard (bed) IV
a problem, and the like), examine, study, to be rough, crude, hard (bed); to make
investigate ( s.th.), go to the root (0 of rough, crude or hard ( the bed)
s.th.); to follow out, follow to a. ( majaah) or to
conclusion ( s.th.); to examine, feel out, rob s.o.s sleep VII to swoop down,
palpate ( s.th.) X to penetrate deeply, pounce down, dive down, descend; to
inquire ( into a problem, and the like), strike ( s.th.; of lightning); to pounce,
examine, study, investigate ( s.th.), go to fall, rush, hurl o.s. ( upon), storm, rush
the root ( of s.th.); to inquire, make ( against), charge, attack, assail (
inquiries ( about)
s.o.); to be broken, cracked, threaten to
qaan and qa distance, collapse; to fall, tumble
remoteness
qa (coll.) pebbles; gravel
qay pl. aq far (away), ja l-qaumu qauhum
distant, remote (qaahum) all the people came
aq, f. quw, pl. qia pebbles; gravel 770
aqin more distant, remoter, farther
qa pebbles; gravel
(away);
( ) )qaum) all the people
most distant, remotest, farthest; utmost, came
extreme, ultimate; maximal, maximum;
inqi swooping down,
the farthermost part; the utmost, extreme,
pouncing down, dive, downrush; onrush,
extremity; end ( masjid)
onslaught, storm, assault
name of a mosque on the Temple Square
midfa al-inq. (pl. madfi) self-
in Jerusalem; ( arq) the Far
propelled assault gun (mil.);
East; ( magrib) (the extreme dive bomber
west =) Morocco; the
utmost degree of, the maximum of; ira munqaa dive
aqs l-ar the remotest parts of the bomber
earth, the ends of the world; qaaba i (qab) to cut off ( s.th.); to
( arra) in case of dire necessity, lop, prone, trim ( trees) II = I; VIII = I;
when worst comes to worst; to abridge ( s.th.), give a condensed
 extract, make a digest ( of s.th.); to predestine; to judge, act as judge, decide
extemporize, improvise ( s.th.), quote judicially ( between two litigants); to
extempore ( verses, and the like), deliver pass or pronounce judgment ( in favor of
offhand ( a speech) s.o.; against s.o.); to sentence,
condemn ( s.o. to), impose, inflict (
qab edible herbs
upon s.o. a penalty); to impose or
qab pl. qabn cut-off enjoin as a duty ( upon s.o. s.th.); to
branch, twig, switch; stick, rod, staff, make necessary or requisite ( for s.o.
wand; bar (of a grate); male organ of s.th.), require s.o. ( )to do s.th. (),
generation, penis, phallus; rail (railroad); compel, force ( s.o. to do s.th.); to
guide, guide rail, guideway (tehn.) demand, require, necessitate ( s.th.), call
for s.th. ( ;)to root out, extirpate,
qaba that which is lopped or annihilate, exterminate ( s.o., s.th.); to
out off; lops, prunings, trimmings (of kill, do in ( s.o.), do away ( with
trees) s.o., with s.th.), put an end ( to s.th.); to
miqab pruning hook; pruning thwart, foil, frustrate ( s.th.)
shears, pruning knife (ajalah) to pass away, die;
(ajaba) to be full of amazement at, be
iqtib abridgment; digest; very astonished at; ( nabah) to
extract; conciseness, terseness, brevity; fulfill ones vow; to pass away, die;
improvisation ( waarah) to attain ones aim or
muqtaab short, brief, concise, end, see ones wish fulfilled;
terse; improvised, extemporaneous, quiya l-amru the matter is decided
offhand, unprepared; name of a and done with, the die is cast;
poetic meter; pl. short news items, quiya amruh and quiya
news in brief (journ.) alaihi its all over with him, hes a goner
II to carry out, execute, perform,
qa gripes, colic
effectuate ( s.th.) III to summon before a
qu gripes, colic judge, bring before a court of justice,
qaufa u to be or become slender, slim, arraign ( s.o.); to prosecute, sue ( s.o.),
thin, narrow take legal action, bring suit ( against s.o.);
to demand ( from s.o. payment of
qama a and qaama i (qam) to gnaw ( s.th.), call in ( from s.o. s.th.) V to be
s.th., on s.th.); to nibble ( s.th., at s.th.) finished, completed; to peas, go by,
( pronounced qme; syr.) roasted elapse, expire, run out (time) VI to
and salted chick-peas; assorted nuts, litigate, carry on a lawsuit; to demand (
peanuts, pistachios, etc.; birdseed s.th.; or from s.o. payment of s.th.;
from s.o. s.th.), call in ( s.th., or
al-ayawnt al- from s.o.), claim ( for s.th.
qima the rodents remuneration), lay claim ( to s.th.); to
qa i ( qa) to settle ( get, receive ( from s.o. s.th., also
s.th.); to finish, terminate, conclude, end, s.th. from, esp. money owed, emolument)
close, wind up, complete, consummate, VII to be completed, be finished, be done,
accomplish, achieve ( s.th.); to carry out, be terminated, be concluded, come to an
execute, perform, effectuate ( s.th.); to end, cease, stop; to pass, go by, elapse,
fulfill ( a request), comply ( with); to expire, run out (time); to have expired,
do, perform ( ones duty); to gratify ( a have elapsed, be over, be peat (time) VIII
wish), provide ( for a need), satisfy, to demand, claim, exact, require ( from
meet, answer, discharge ( a demand, a s.o. s.th.); to make necessary, make
claim); to pay, settle ( a debt); to spend, requisite, necessitate, require ( s.th.) X to
pass ( time); to die (= ;) to fix, demand, claim, exact, require ( from
appoint, determine, decree, decide, rule ( s.o. s.th.)
s.th., that); (of God) to foreordain,
 qaan judgment, sentence,
(judicial) decision, (court) ruling
qa settling, finishing, ending,
closing, termination, conclusion, windup,
completion, accomplishment; carrying
out, execution, performance, effectuation;
fulfillment, satisfaction, gratification (of a
wish, of a desire); provision (for a need);
compliance (with a request); payment,
settlement, discharge (of a debt); passing,
spending (of a period of time); divine
decree, destiny, fate; judgment, sentence,
(judicial) decision, (court) ruling,
ordinance; administration of the law,
judiciary, jurisprudence, justice; law;
jurisdiction; office of judge, judge, ship,
judicature; judging, rendering of
judgment; sentencing, condemnation (
of s.o.); extermination, annihilation,
extirpation ( of s.o., of s.th.), killing (
of s.o.), thwarting, foiling frustration
( of s.th.); -- (pl. aqiya)
district, province (Syr., Ir., Leb., Saudi
Ar., Yemen) death; mutaqin pl.
(ar) jurisdiction based on the Sharia;
canonical law, Sharia law; court
of justice, tribunal; mutaqan subject to legal
makmat al-q. al-idr administrative
court; ( wa-l-qadar) fate and
divine decree; ( or muqtaan required, necessary,
qaan wa-qadaran) by fate and divine
decree; ( quiya) the divine
decree was fulfilled, i.e., death came with
Gods will
qa judicial, judicatory;
forensic, legal, judiciary, pertaining to
courts of justice pl. qau (chiefly with the put tense in
( urrs) legally appointed trustee
or administrator, receiver in bankruptcy,
liquidator, sequestrator
qaawyat a-ul ( of a pen), nib, sharpen ( a pen) II to
jurisdiction of a justice of the peace
qaya pl. qay lawsuit;
litigation, judicial contest; action at law,
suit; (legal) case, cause, legal affair;
matter, affair; question, problem, issue;
theorem, proposition (math.)
muqh trial, hearing
inqi passing, elapsing,
termination, expiry, expiration, end (of a
period of time); extinction (of an
obligation)
iqti necessity, need, exigency,
requirement in case of need,
if need be, when necessary
qin decisive, conclusive; deadly,
lethal; (pl. quh) judge, magistrate,
justice, cadi; pl. qawin 772
requirements, exigencies ( samm)
deadly poison; ( arba) decisive
blow ( against); knockout (boxing);
mortal or crushing blow, deathblow (
to); ( q. d-dimma) to
regard it u ones duty to ...; q.
l-bat (Tun.) examining magistrate;
( Eg.) examining magistrate;
q. l-ila (Eg.) magistrate sitting at
defendants arraignment, trial judge;
q. -ul justice of the peace
maqy settled, finished, done,
completed, accomplished, etc.
accomplished fact, fait accompli
mutaqn litigant; al-
mutaqiyn the two litigants
prosecution
requisite; (pl. muqtaayt)
requirement, exigency, necessity, need
bi-muqta (prep.) according to, in
accordance with, in conformity with,
pursuant to, under;
should the circumstances require it
1
negative sentences) ever, (neg.:) never
2
qaa u (qa) to carve ( s.th.); to cut,
trim, clip, pare ( s.th.); to mend the point
carve, turn ( wood) VIII to sharpen, nib (
a pen)
qa short and curly (hair)
qa turner
3
qi pl. qia, qi, qiaa
male cat, tomcat q. az-zabd
civet cat
qia female cat
quaia kitten
 qaaba i (qab) to gather, collect ( s.th.);
-- (qab, qub) to contract the
eyebrows (also q. jibaihi),
knit the brows, frown, scowl, glower
( jabnah) to frown II to scowl,
glower; to knit the brows, frown; (eg.) to
sew together ( s.th.) V to become
gloomy (countenance) X O to polarize (
s.th.; phys.)
qub pl. aqb axis, axle; pole
(astron., geogr., el.); pivot; leader;
authority, leading personality, celebrity
(chiefly used in the pl.) q. ar-
ra pivot (of s.th.; fig.);
(janb) the South Pole;
(aml) the North Pole; negative
pole; cathode, ( mjab) positive
pole, anode
qub polar O ( afaq) qaart drop (also as a medicine)
polar light
quba (eg.) stitch (in sowing)
qub frowning, scowling,
glowering
O istiqb polarization (phys.)
qibatan all together, all without
exception, one and all
qaara u (qar, qaarn) to fall or
sow in drops, drip, dribble, trickle II (qar)
to let fall or sow in drops, drip, drop,
dribble, infuse in drops or driblets (
s.th.); to filter, filtrate ( s.th.); to refine (
s.th.); to distill ( s.th.); to line up
camels ( )in single file and connect them
with halters, form a train of camels; to
couple ( vehicles); to tow, tug ( a ship)
V to fall or sow in drops, drip, dribble,
trickle; to soak, percolate ( into), trickle
( in) VI to come in successive groups,
to crowd, throng, flock ( or to s.o.,
to a place) X to drip, drop, dribble (
s.th.); to distill, extract by distillation (
s.th.) 773
qar dripping, dribbling, dribble,
trickling, trickle; (call.; n. un. )pl.
qir drops, driblets; rain; -- sirup
qar pl. qurt (eg.)
(railroad) train
( eg.) qaarg pl. -ya shunter,
switchman (railroad)
qur pl. aqr region, quarter;
district, section; tract of land; zone;
country, land; diameter (of a circle);
diagonal; caliber, bore (of a tube)
( mir) Egypt; nif
q. ad-d. radius (of the circle);
arbaat a. ad-duny the four quarters
of the world;
( raua) the rapture which holds me
completely enthralled, which pervades my
heart through and through
qur regional; diametral,
diametrical
qaar2 Qatar (sheikdom in eastern
Arabia)
qur, quur agalloch, aloeswood
qara (n. un. of qar) pl.
quaira pl. -t droplet, driblet
qir pl. -t, quur,
quurt train of camels; (railroad) train;
railroad; single file (of soldiers; Eg., mil.)
freight train, goods train;
( add) railroad train; (
or ( ( k, ku) special
train; q. ar-rukkb passenger
train; ( sabbq) fast train, express
train; express train;
(waqqf) local train
qara dropping tube, pipette,
dropper
qarn (qirn, qairn) tar
miqar pl. maqir2 censer
miqara pl. maqir2 censer;
stocks (device for punishment)
taqr filtering, filtration; refining;
distilling, distillation
istiqr distilling, distillation
qira pl. -t locomotive; rail car,
diesel
maqrt trailers, truck trailers
muqaart spirituous liquors,
spirits
qaramz (large) glass bottle or jar
qarana to tar, smear or coat with tar (
s.th.)
 qarn (qirn, qairn) tar great progress, make great headway;
qaaa a (qa) to cut ( s.th.); to to cut off s.o.s way, intercept
s.o.; to engage in highway robbery; to
cut off ( s.th.); to chop off, lop off (
waylay s.o.) commit highway robbery on
s.th.); to amputate ( s.th.); to cut through,
s.o.; ( aqlah) it wont get into
cut in two, divide ( s.th.); to tear apart,
his head, he cant understand or believe it;
disrupt, sunder, disjoin, separate ( s.th.);
( ahdan) to make a contract; to
to fell ( a tree); to break off, sever (
make a promise, vow, or pledge ( to
s.th., e.g., relations); to break off ones
s.o.); ( ahdan) and
friendship, break ( with s.o.); to cut, snub
( wada) to vow s.th.,
( s.o.); to interrupt ( s.o., s.th.); to cut
pledge o.s. or bind o.s. to do s.th.;
short, interrupt, silence ( s.o.); to turn off,
to discount the bill of exchange;
switch off, disconnect ( electric current);
( lisnah) to silence s.o., seal
to prevent, hinder ( s.o. from); to
s.o.s lips, gag s.o.; ( waqt) to
forbid ( to s.o. s.th.), prohibit ( s.o.
while away the time, kill time II to cut
from doing s.th.); to deprive ( s.o. of);
into pieces, cut up, dismember ( s.th.); to
(Chr.) to excommunicate ( s.o.); to have a
carve ( meat); to tear apart, rend, rip
profound effect, have a considerable
apart, gash. slash, lacerate ( s.th.); to cut
impact, be impressive (spiritually); to
seriously, gash deeply ( ones hand); to
make a profound impression ( on),
interrupt; to scan ( a verse)
impress greatly, affect deeply ( s.o.); to
(qalba) heart-rending III to dissociate,
ford ( a river), cross ( a river, an
separate o.s. ( from), part company, break
ocean), traverse ( a country), pass
off ones friendship, break ( with s.o.); to
through or across s.th. ( ;)to cover ( a
cut, snub ( s.o.); to be on bad terms (
distance); to survive ( s.th., e.g., a
with s.o.); to boycott ( s.o., s.th.); to
danger), surmount, overcome ( s.th.,
interrupt ( s.o., s.th.); to cut s.o. ()
e.g., a difficulty), get over s.th. ( ;)to
short, out in on s.o.s ( )talk, also
spend, pass, while away ( time with);
IV to make or let s.o. ( )cut or cut
to use up, consume ( food); to decide (
off ( s.th.); to make or let s.o. ( )cross or
or s.th.); to say with 774 certainty,
assert, declare positively ( s.th.), affirm ford ( a river); to bestow as a fief ( on
s.o. s.th.); to grant, assign, allot ( to s.o.
confidently, aver ( that); to prove (
that); pass. quia to break, break apart, be s.th.); to separate o.s., disassociate o.s. (
from s.o.), part company ( with s.o.); to
or get broken, be or become interrupted;
break off ones friendship ( with s.o.);
to snap (rope, string of a musical
instrument) ( ) )amal, to break ( with s.o.) V to be cut off, be
severed, be disrupted, be interrupted, be
raj) to give up hope, to despair;
disconnected; to snap; to be cut up, be
(taman) to fix the price, agree on the
chopped up, be hacked to pieces. be
price; ( ) )tadkiratan) to buy a
dismembered; to be intermittent. flow
ticket; ( adtah) to interrupt
discontinuously (electric current); to be
s.o., cut s.o. short, cut in on s.o.s talk;
disjointed, be jerky (words, style); to
( dauran) to pass through a phase or
knock o.s. out (e.g., with eagerness)
period, go through a stage; ( bi-
( iblu) to be at the end of
rayin) to express a firm opinion; to
ones resources, be utterly helpless;
decide in favor of an opinion; ( bi-
( asbbu) to be at ones wits end,
rayih) to be guided in ones decisions by
be at the end of ones tether;
s.o., proceed in accordance with s.o.s
( hadafun, dnah) lit.: a goal on the
opinion or decision; ( raim) to
way to which throats are slit, i.e., one
sever the bonds of kinship, break with
which remains unattainable VI to separate,
ones relatives; to violate the rules of
part company, go apart; to get separated
consanguinity; ( awan) to
from each other; to break off mutual
make progress; )(
relations, snub each other; to intersect
( ))auan, taqaddum, ruqy) and
(lines, roads, etc.; L s.th.), cut across,
( maidni r-r.) to make
cross (of a line or road, another) VII to
be cut off, be or get separated ( or
from); to be chopped off, be lopped off, be
cut through, be sundered, be severed, be
tom apart, be disrupted, be broken, be
broken off; to be interrupted, be
disconnected, be cut off, be shut off (also,
e.g., electric current), be blocked, be
stopped; to 775 break. break apart, tear,
snap (intr., e.g., a rope, a string); to cease,
end, come to an end, run out, expire; to
stop, come to a halt, come to a standstill,
be suspended, be discontinued; to stop.
cease ( s.th.; doing s.th.); to leave off (
s.th.), desist, abstain. refrain ( from);
to suspend, discontinue, stay ( s.th.); to
withdraw, stay away, hold aloof (
from); to devote o.s., dedicate o.s., give
ones attention. apply o.s. ( or to); to
concentrate ( or on); to occupy o.s.
exclusively ( or with), give all ones
time ( or to) VIII to take a part, a little
( of s.th.); to take, borrow, cull, glean (
s.th. from, e.g., a story from a book);
to tear out, take out, remove ( e.g., a
page, from a book or notebook); to tear
off, rip off, detach ( e.g., a coupon); to
appropriate, acquire ( s.th.); to possess
o.s., take possession ( of), seize ( on) X
to request as a fief ( of S.o. s.th.); (eg.)
to deduct ( an amount)
qal cutting off; chopping off,
detruncation; amputation; cutting,
scission, section; disruption, sunderance,
disjunction, disconnection, separation;
felling (of a tree); severance, rupture,
breakoff (e.g., of relations); stoppage,
blockage, embargo, ban, blackout,
suspension; interruption, discontinuation;
disconnection, turning off, switching off
(of electric current); prevention, hindrance
( from); deprivation; excommunication
(Chr.); fording (of a river); crossing (of an
ocean); traversion (of a country); covering
(of a distance); spending, passing (of a
span of time); consumption; deduction,
rebate, discount; (pl. aq) format, (geom.) ( ar) cross
size (of a book); (pl. aq) section section; (
(geom.); qaan decidedly, definitely, sections (biol.); ( dir) sector
positively, for certain; with neg.:
absolutely not, not at all, by no means, not
in the least settlement of
accounts; highway robbery,
brigandage; forcible
prevention of s.th., radical stop to s.th.;
q. al-mhya salary cut, wage
deduction; )( sir (or
muaddal) al-q. discount rate, bank rate;
q. ar-rub (ar-rubu) quarto
format; q. kutub al-jaib
pocket size (book); q.
makrtin, ( makr) conic
section (geom.); hyperbola
(geom.); ( mukfi) parabola
(geom.); ellipse (geom.);
gaan li-l-waqt as a pastime, just to
kill time; ( bi-q. in-naari)
irrespective of, regardless of, without
regard to; aside from, apart from;
disjunctive hamza (gram.)
qa decided, definite, positive;
final, definitive; qayan decidedly,
definitely, emphatically, categorically
qaya certainty, definiteness,
positiveness
qia pl. qia piece, fragment,
lump, chunk; part, portion; section,
division; segment (geom.); coin; naval
unit; unit (mil.) or
segment of a circle (geom.); O
part (of a machine, of an
apparatus); O coupling
element (el.); ( masraya)
(stage) play; ( ginya) vocal
piece, vocal composition; or
spare part; ( fannya)
work of art; ( kurawya)
spherical segment (geom.);
(tamtlya) (stage) play; piece
of music, musical composition;
(malya) coin; ( amal)
piecework, job work, taskwork
qua pl. quut, qua a piece
cut off, a cut; stump; plot of land, patch of
land, lot
qaaa pl. -t, qaa stump 776
qi, qu pl. -t section; sector
ansija) tissue
of a circle (geom.); ( kuraw)
spherical sector (geom.)
qa (stone-, wood-) cutter
 bi-l-qat by retail, retail inqi separation, disjunction,
(adj.) severance; break, breach, rift, rupture,
break-off; interruption, disruption,
qa pl. qi, qun,
discontinuance; cessation, stop,
aq troop or group (of animals),
termination, expiration, extinction;
drove, flock, herd
stoppage, shutdown, blockage,
qaa rupture of relations, break, suspension; end, close, conclusion;
breach, rift, alienation, estrangement, absence, withdrawal, aloofness ( from)
separation; enmity among relatives (short inq. at-tayyr power
for q. ar-raim); (pl. shutdown (el.); or
qai2) fief, fee, feudal estate, land incessantly, constantly, continually,
granted by feudal tenure without interruption
aqa2 more convincing, more inqiya separatism
conclusive (evidence); (f. qa2)
istiq pl. -t cut, deduction
amputee; one-armed; dumb, mute
(e.g., from salary)
maqa pl. maqi2 crossing
qi cutting; sharp; convincing,
point, crossing, traverse, passage; ford;
cogent, irrefutable, conclusive, decisive
(point of) intersection; cross section;
(e.g., evidence); decided, definite,
section, division; syllable; musical phrase;
positive, unmistakable, unequivocal; final,
quarry; group of animals,
definitive; sour (milk); secant (geom.); (pl.
drove m. ar-ray decision, qawi2) partition, screen
judgment pl. qu a-uruq (or
miqa pl. maqi2 cutting qua a-.) highway robber, holdup
instrument cigar cutter; man, waylayer, brigand; ( bi-
m. al-waraq paper knife; paper cutter ifatin) unmistakably; ( sinn)
incisor; airun qawiu
taq fragmentation, migratory birds; ticket seller,
dismemberment, cutting up, division, conductor (streetcar, bus, etc.)
partitioning; interruption, disruption,
discontinuation; gripes, colic; (pl. O qia interrupter, circuit
taq) stature, figure; shape, form; pl. breaker (el.) 777
parts, portions, maq cut off, severed, chopped
sections, members t. al- off, etc.; decided, finished,
wajh features, lineaments of the face settled, done with (matter, affair); (pl.
maq2) short poem
muqaa separation; break (with matchless, peerless, unrivaled, unequaled
s.o.); indifference, unfeelingness,
unlovingness; boycott; interruption; (pl. maqa pl. -t, maq2
-t) area, region, section, district, province piece (of music) piece of
music, musical composition
iq and iqa pl. -t fief,
fee, feudal estate, land granted by feudal maqya share, portion,
tenure liege lord, feudal lord allotment: consumption ( eg.)
in the lump, for a lump sum
iq liege, feudatory, feudal;
(pl. -n) liege lord, feudal lord muqaa torn, shredded
iqya feudalism; the muqi liege lord; -- muqa liege
feudal system man, feudatory. feudal tenant, vassal

taqau pl. -t interruptedness, mutaqai cut off, torn, ruptured,

interruption disrupted, interrupted; discontinuous,
flowing intermittently (electric current); in
taqu severance of mutual stages (movement); staccato (voice);
relations; crossing; intersection, junction
 incoherent, disjointed (words)
(tayyr) alternating current
munqai cut off; severed,
disjoined, separate(d), detached; chopped
off, detruncated; cut, cut in two, sundered,
torn. ruptured, disrupted; broken; broken
off; interrupted, discontinued, stopped,
blocked; disconnected, turned off,
switched off (electric current); halting,
discontinuous, intermittent, fitful;
outlying, remote, out-of-the-way (region);
devoted, dedicated ( or to), set aside
exclusively, solely destined ( or for)
and unmatched, al-muqaam a range of hills east
matchless, peerless, unrivaled, unequaled,
incomparable, singular, unique; qimr pellicle enveloping a date pit
incessant, unceasing, continual,
uninterrupted
mustaqa cut, deduction (from 1
salary)
qaafa i (qaf, quf) to pick (
flowers, fruit); to gather, harvest ( fruit);
to pluck off, pull off, tear off ( s.th., e.g.,
leaves); (eg.) to skim ( a liquid from the
surface): -- (qaf) to scratch, scratch up (
s.o.) II = I VIII to pick ( flowers, fruit);
to gather, harvest ( fruit); to pluck off (
s.th.); to select, choose, pick out (
s.th. from among)
qaf (act or instance of) picking,
etc.; (pl. quf) scratch
qif picked fruit
qif picking, gathering, harvest
(of fruit); picking season, vintage, harvest
time
dn l-quf within reach, at
hand; easy to apply, easy to use, handy
qaf pl. quuf short-stepped,
slow
qafa velvet; plush
qaif2, qayif2 (pl.) small,
triangular doughnuts fried in melted butter
and served with honey
miqaf pl. maqif 2
implement for picking fruit, fruit picker;
vine knife
magaf pl. maqif 2 basket
iqtif picking, gathering, etc.;
selection, choice, pick
muqtaaf pl. -t selected or select
piece; selection
qaqa young girl
qaala u i (qaf) to cut off ( s.th.) II = I
qala towel; floor rag
qaama i (qam) to cut off ( s.th.): to
break off ( s.th.)
qama piece; bite, morsel
of Cairo 778
( yamliku) he doesnt own a
thing, he hasnt a red cent to his name
qaana u ( qun) to live, dwell,
reside ( or or in a place); to inhabit
( or or a place) II to make live,
settle ( s.o. in)
qaan small of the back
qun, quun pl. aqn cotton
raw cotton, cotton, wool, unginned
cotton; ( It. scarto) (eg.) cotton
waste; ( ibb) absorbent cotton;
( multahib) guncotton; O
aab al-q. excelsior;
milaj al.q. cotton gin
qun cotton (adj.)
qunya, qinya pl. qany
pulse, legumes (peas, beans, lentils)
qunya, qinya Indian corn,
maize (tun.)
qatn cotton manufacturer, cotton
merchant
yaqn (coll.; n. un. )a variety of
squash
maqana cotton plantation
qin pl. qun resident,
domiciled; inhabitant, dweller
2
qn pl. qayn2 cord, braid, lace
qaan (coll.; n. un. qah) sand grouse
(Pterocles)
qaada u ( qud) to sit down,
take a seat; to sit, be sitting; to remain
seated; to remain, stay, abide; to lie in qad pl. al-Qur'anida
wait ( for s.o.), waylay ( s.o.); to desist, quud, qidn, qaid2 young
abstain, refrain ( from), renounce waive camel 779
( s.th.) to make s.o. sit down, qud sitting; desistance,
make s.o. sit, seat s.o., induce s.o. to stay; abstention, refraining ( from);
to hamper, handicap, hamstring, disable, renunciation, abandonment, waiver (
paralyze s.o.; ( rukbathu) his
of)
knees buckled under him; to hold
back, restrain, discourage, or prevent s.o. qad companion; one with whom
from; ( dahb) he decided not one sits together; keeper, guardian,
to go; to be in a state of great supervisor, superintendent; crippled,
anxiety, be seriously upset, be very disabled, infirm q. al-manzil
agitated; to be very alarmed ( by) IV to confined to ones house or to ones
make ( s.o.) sit down; to make ( s.o.) sit; quarters
to cause or induce ( s.o.) to stay; to seat ( qada pl. qaid2 woman
s.o.); to hold back, restrain, discourage, companion; wife, spouse
prevent ( s.o. from); to decrease,
diminish, reduce ( s.th.); pass uqida to maqad pl. maqad2 s.th. to sit
be lame, be crippled on, space to sit in; seat (in general, in a
(aqmah) to theater, in parliament, etc.); chair; bench;
sofa, settee; box, drivers seat (of a
upset s.o. seriously, throw s.o. in a state carriage or coach) chaise
of violent emotion; ( himmatih) longue; ( mur) easy chair,
to dampen s.o.s zeal V not to desire ( armchair
s.th.). not to be out for s.th. ( ;)to desist,
abstain, refrain ( from) VI = V; to maqada pl. maqd2
remain aloof, refrain, forbear, withdraw ( backside, seat, buttocks, posteriors
from); to be pensioned off, retire VIII taqud restraint, reticence,
to take or use as a seat ( s.th.); to sit aloofness, reserve; retirement
down ( on s.th.); to be, remain ( in a ma at-t. retiring allowance,
state or condition) superannuation. pension;
qaad slackers, shirkers of military (ula) to be pensioned off, be
service in times of war; also, designation superannuated, be retired
of the Khawarij qid pl. qud, qud,
qada sitting; backside, seat, sitting, seated; inactive, idle, lazy, also
buttocks, posteriors; space occupied while ( amal); qidn slacken,
sitting, seating space name of the shirkers of military service in times of
eleventh month of the Muslim year war; -- qid pl. qawid2 woman
who, because of her age, has ceased to
qida manner of sitting, seat, pose, bear children
posture; space occupied while sitting,
seating space qida pl. qawid2
foundation, groundwork; basis;
quada constantly or frequently fundament; base (geom.; mil.); support,
sitting, sedentary; glued to the seat, not base, socle, foot, pedestal; O chassis,
budging, seated firmly; lazy, inert, undercarriage; precept, rule, principle,
indolent maxim; formula; method, manner, mode;
qud constantly or frequently model, pattern q. al-usl or
sitting, sedentary; glued to the seat, not ( barya) naval base;
budging, firmly seated; lazy, inert, capital of the country; ( jawwya)
indolent airbase; ( arbya) base of
operation; q. al-mulk seat of
government; misat al-q.
base, basal surface
 muqad brought to a standstill,
stopped, arrested; lame, crippled, disabled,
infirm; an invalid
mutaqid retired; pensioner
qaara u ( qara) to be deep,
hollowed out II to make deep or deeper,
deepen ( s.th.); to hollow out, make
hollow, excavate ( s.th.); to cry, shout,
scream ( kalmih) to speak
gutturally IV to make deep or deeper,
deepen ( a well) V to be depressed, sunk,
low, deep, hollowed out, dished, concave;
to descend to the bottom
qar pl. qur bottom; depth;
keel (of a ship); pit, hole, hollow, cavity,
depression ( idan) from
the ground up
qara pit, hole, hollow, cavity,
depression
qar deep
qar deep
muqaar depressed, sunk, low,
deep; hollow, dished, concave; curved;
obscure (language)
qaisa a (qas) to have a
protruding chest and hollow back, be
pigeon-breasted VI to remain aloof, keep
away, stay away, desist, refrain ( from);
to hesitate, waver, be reluctant ( to do
s.th.); to fail, neglect ( to do s.th.); to be
uninterested ( in) XIV iqansasa
=I
aqasa having a protruding chest
and hollow back, pigeon-breasted
( izz) firmly established power
taqus negligence
mutaqis hesitant, wavering,
reluctant; negligent, careless, sloppy,
listless, idle 780
qaqaa ( qaqaa) to clatter; to rattle;
to clank
qaqa, ququ magpie
qaqaa clatter; rattle; clank,
clang; noise, din; pl. qaaqi high-
sounding words
qaffa u ( quff) to be dry, withered,
shriveled; to dry up, wither, shrivel; to
contract, shrink; to bristle, stand on and
(hair)
quffa pl. qufaf large basket;
(Mesopotamian) round boat, gufa (ir.)
quffa, qaffa feverish shiver, ague fit
qafara u (qafr): ( atarah) to follow
s.o.s tracks, track s.o. IV to be or become
empty, bleak, desolate, deserted,
depopulated, unihabited, devastated,
waste; to be destitute, be devoid ( of) to
ravage, lay waste, devastate, desolate,
depopulate ( s.th.); to abandon, leave in
a state of desolation ( houses, a city); to
gnaw off, pick ( a bone) VIII to follow
s.o.s ( )tracks, track ( s.o.)
qalr pl. qifr desert, wasteland,
desolate region; empty, bleak, forsaken,
forlorn, deserted, lifeless, uninhabited,
depopulated, devastated, desolate, waste;
destitute, devoid ( of) ) )
(ar) wasteland; ( kubz) plain bread,
dry bread
qafra pl. qafart desert, wasteland,
desolate region
kubzun qafrun plain bread, dry
bread
qafr pl. qufrn beehive
bdiya qafr2 arid desert
iqfr emptiness bleakness,
desolateness, desolation; ravage,
devastation, depopulation
muqfir empty, bleak, forsaken,
forlorn, deserted, lifeless, uninhabited,
depopulated, devastated, desolate, waste;
destitute, devoid ( of)
qafaza i (qafz, qafazn) to jump, leap,
spring, hurdle, bound; to jump up, leap in
the air; to jump off, take off V to put on or
wear gloves
qafz jumping (also athlet.)
( abl) skipping the rope;
pole vaulting; broad jump;
( lin) high jump
qafza pl. qafazt jump, leap, spring,
bound
quffz pl. -t, qaffz2 glove; a
pair of gloves
 qafz pl. aqfiza cafiz, a dry
measure, ca. 496-640 l, = 16 whibas
(Tun.)
maqfiz springboard
qafaa i u (qaf) to gather, collect (
s.th.); (eg.) to catch, seize, grasp, grab; to
find out, discover ( s.th.)
qaf prattle, chatter
qafazt (pl.) jokes
qafa pl. aqf cage; birdcage; pen,
coop, wired enclosure; basket (made of
palm fronds); thorax, chest; (prisoners)
dock (= q. al-ittihm)
taqfa poultry coop
(tijrya, barya) or q. as-sufun
naval convoy
) )qaf u (qafw) to follow ( atarah
s.o.s tracks) II to send ( or s.o. after
s.o. else); to rhyme, put into rhyme VIII
( atarah) to follow s.o.s tracks,
track s.o.; to follow up, pursue s.o. (mil.);
to follow in s.o.s tracks, follow s.o.s
example, imitate s.o.
qafan m. and f., pl. aqfiya,
aqfin, aqf, qufy, qify nape;
occiput, back of the head; back; reverse;
wrong side (of a fabric)
qaf nape; occiput, back of the
head

qufn pl. qafn caftam, a long- iqtif following (of s.o.s tracks),
sleeved outer garment, open in front and tracking; imitation
fastened by a izm qfiya pl. qawfin rhyme;
al-qafqs the Caucasus (eg.) play on words, pun, double,
entendre; nape
qafaa a (qafa) to contract; to shrink; to
shrivel, become wrinkled II to shrivel ( look up alphabetically
the fingers; of the cold) V = I and look up alphabetically
qaf testudo 781 qalla i (qill, qull, qilla) to be or become
qafqafa ( qafqafa) and II taqafqafa to little, small, few (in number or quantity),
shiver with cold trifling, insignificant, inconsiderable,
scant, scanty, sparse, spare, meager; to be
qafala u i ( qufl) to come home, come rare, scarce; to be of rare occurrence,
back, return; -- i (qafl) to shut, close ( happen seldom; to decrease, diminish,
s.th.); to latch, lock, shut up, bolt ( s.th.); wane, grow less; to be or become less,
to accumulate, amass, hoard ( s.th.) II littler, smaller, fewer (in number or
and IV to padlock ( s.th.); to shut, close ( quantity), more trifling, less significant,
s.th.); to switch off, shut off, turn off ( less considerable, scanter, scantier, sparser
s.th.); to cut off, stop ( the supply of), ( than); to be second, be inferior ( to
block, bar, close ( s.th.); to latch, lock, s.o.) -- (qall) to pick up, raise, lift (
shut up, bolt ( s.th.) s.o., s.th. from the ground); to carry (
qufl pl. aqfl, qufl s.th.) ( ill, wa-nadara) but
padlock; lock, latch; bolt; O lock (of a for a few exceptions, with a few
canal) exceptions only; ( abruh) to be
impatient lose ones patience II to make
qaffl locksmith little or leas, diminish, lessen, decrease,
iqfl shutting, closing, closure; reduce, do seldom or less frequently (.
shutting up; locking, bolting; stoppage, or .,.. s.th.) IV = II; to do or give little (
blocking, blockage, barring, obstruction in or of); to pick up, raise, lift (
s.o., s.th. from the ground); to be able to
qfil pl. qfila, quffl
carry ( s.o., s.th.); to carry, transport,
home-coming, returning; homecomer,
convey ( s.o., s.th.) VI to think little (
repatriate
of), scorn, disdain, despise ( s.th.) X to
qfila pl. qawfil2 caravan; find ( s.th.) little, small, inconsiderable,
column; convoy )( insignificant, trifling; to esteem lightly,
undervalue, despise ( s.o., s.th.); to
make light ( of), set little store ( meager, insufficient; scarce, rare; a small
by), care little ( for); to pick up, raise, number, a small quantity, a modicum, a
lift ( s.o., s.th.); to carry, transport, little ( of); qallan a little,
convey ( s.o., s.th.); to board ( s.th., somewhat; seldom, rarely seldom,
e.g., a ship, a carriage, or the like); to rise; rarely; by and by, slowly,
to be independent; to possess alone ( gradually; al-kull ill q. almost
s.th.) ( bi-imlin) to assume a everything, nearly all; a little later,
burden; ( bi-anih) he alone some time later on, shortly afterward;
made it, he was the only one who made it; shortly, before long; or
( bi-nafsih) to be entirely (amm) soon, before long, shortly;
self-reliant, be left to ones own devices; to have absolutely nothing
to be independent, manage without others, to do with s.th.; q. al-adab
get along by oneself; (( uncivil, impolite, rude, uncouth;
(bi-muhimmatin, bi-wjibin) to assume a q. al-ay shameless, brazen, impudent,
task (or duty) insolent, impertinent; low;
q. a-abr impatient;
qallam (conj.) seldom, rarely;
scanty, scarce; rare
scarcely, barely, hardly
aqalla less; fewer; smaller; rarer;
qill, qull littleness, smallness,
the least, the minimum or
fewness; insignificance,
at the very least; at least;
inconsiderableness, triviality, paucity,
(at the lowest estimate) =
paltriness, scarceness, sparseness,
( aqalla) the least one can do is to ...; I
scantiness, insufficiency; a little, a small
(you, etc.) could at least ...;
number, a small quantity, a modicum; --
quite insignificant, all but negligible;
qill tremor
let alone that , not to
qalla recovery, recuperation; mention that , to say nothing of ...
restoration of prosperity
aqallya smaller number, numerical
qulla highest point; top, summit; inferiority; (pl. -t) minority
apex; vertex; (cannon) ball; (pl. qulal)
jug, pitcher taqll decrease, diminution,
reduction
qilla pl. qilal littleness, fewness;
smallness, inconsiderableness, iqll decrease, diminution,
reduction
insignificance, triviality; paucity,
paltriness, scantiness, sparseness; istiqll independence
scarceness, rareness, rarity; minority; lack,
istiqll of or pertaining to
want, deficiency, insufficiency, scarcity
independence, independence (used
q. al-iss insensitivity, attributively); proponent of independence
obtuseness; q. al-ay
shamelessness, impudence, insolence, muqill propertyless, unpropertied,
impertinence; q. a-abr without means, poor, destitute
impatience; scantiness, scarcity; mustaqill independent;
rareness, rarity; jam al-q. (gram.) autonomous; separate, distinct, particular
plural of paucity (for persons or things
whose number is between three and ten) , ( Turk. klavuz) qalw ships
pilot; screw
bi-qillyatih completely, wholly,
entirely ( raal) they setout qallyz pl. -t, qally
all together or with bag and baggage (monastic) cell; residence of the Coptic
Patriarch (Chr.) 783
qall pl. aqill, qalil2,
qill little; few; insignificant, qalaba i (qalb) to turn around, turn about,
inconsiderable, trifling; small (in number turn up(ward), upturn ( s.th.); to turn,
or quantity), scant, scanty, spare, sparse, turn over ( s.th.); to turn face up or face
down ( s.th.); to turn inside out or
outside in ( s.th.); to turn upside down ( ( ram l-bus) to live in utmost
s.th.); to tip, tilt over, topple over ( misery VII to be turned, be turned around,
s.th.); to invert, reverse ( s.th.); to be turned about, be turned up(ward), be
overturn, upset, topple ( s.th.); to capsize upturned, be turned over; to be reversed,
( s.th.); to roll over ( s.th.); to subvert, be inverted; to be turned inside out or
overthrow ( a government); to change, outside in; to be turned upside down, be
alter, turn, transform, convert, transmute ( toppled, get knocked over; to be
s.th., s.th. to or into s.th.); to overturned, be upset, be overthrown; to be
transpose ( s.th.); to exchange rolled, over; to overturn, somersault; to
capsize; to be changed, be altered, be
( s.th. for s.th.) ( rasan)
transformed, be converted, be transmuted;
to turn s.th. upside down;
to change, turn ( or into s.th.),
(ahra l-mijan) to show s.o. the back of
become ( or s.th.); to turn (
the shield, i.e., to give s.o. the cold
against; to); to return; (with foil.
shoulder, become hostile to s.o. II to turn,
imperi.) to proceed suddenly to do s.th.,
turn around, turn about, turn up(ward),
shift, instantly to s.th., change over to s.th.
upturn, turn over ( s.th.); to turn face up
( ahra li-banin) to be
or face down ( s.th.); to turn inside out
turned topsy-turvy; to be completely
or outside in ( s.th.); to turn upside down
devastated; to take the
( s.th.); to tip, tilt over, topple over (
offensive
s.th.); to invert, reverse ( s.th.); to
overturn, upset, overthrow, topple ( qalb reversal, inversion; overturn,
s.th.); to capsize ( s.th.); to roll over ( upheaval; conversion, transformation,
s.th.); to turn, turn over ( pages); to transmutation; transposition (of letters),
rummage, ransack, rake ( s.th.); to roll ( metathesis (gram.); perversion, change,
s.th.); to stir ( s.th.); to examine, study, alteration; overthrow (of a government)
scrutinize, investigate ( s.o., s.th.); to qalb pl. qulb heart; middle,
change, alter, turn, transform, convert, center; core, gist, essence; marrow,
transmute ( s.th., s.th. to or into
medulla, pith; the best or choicest part;
s.th.) ( yadaihi) to turn s.th.
mind, soul, spirit q. al-asad
around in ones hands, fidget with s.th.;
Regulus (star in the constellation Leo;
( bi-aqlih) to turn s.th. over in 784 astron.); center forward
ones mind, reflect on s.th., ponder s.th., (soccer); suwaid al-q. the
brood over s.th.; ( ahran li- innermost of the heart, the bottom of the
banin) to turn s.th. completely upside heart; fainthearted,
down, turn s.th. topsy-turvy, turn s.th. pusillanimous, recreant, cowardly;
over and over; ( kaffaihi) to repent, qs l-q. hardhearted, callous, pitiless,
be grieved; to be embarrassed; merciless, cruel; qaswat al-q.
(baara) or ( naara) to hardheartedness, callousness, pitilessness,
scrutinize, eye, regard s.th. V to be turned cruelty; dejectedness,
around, be turned over, be reversed, be despondency, dispiritedness, depression;
inverted; to be overturned, get knocked ( ahri l-q.) by heart;
over (e.g., a glass); to toss and turn, toss from the bottom of the heart, most
about; to writhe, twist, squirm, wriggle; to sincerely; with all his heart;
be changed, be altered, change; to qalban wa-qlaban with heart and
fluctuate (prices); to be changeable, soul; inwardly and outwardly; ) )
variable, inconstant, fickle ( in s.th.); to qulbt (as-sukkar) small candies,
move (about), live, be at home ( in); to lozenges
dispose ( of), have at ones disposal (
s.th.) ( waifa qalb of or pertaining to the heart,
addatin) he held numerous offices; heart- (in compounds), cardiac, cardiacal;
( ) )nima), cordial, hearty, warm, sincere;
( a. il-ai) to lead a life of ease and qalbyan cordially, heartily, warmly,
comfort, live in prosperity; sincerely
 qulb, qalb, qilb palm pith, palm
core (edible tuber growing at the upper
end of the palm trunk); qulb bracelet,
bangle
qalba (eg.) lapel; (pl. -t) a measure
of capacity (Tun.; = 20 l)
qullab tending to change; agile,
adaptable, resourceful; versatile, many-
sided, of varied skills or talents
qlab, qlib pl. qawlib2
form; mold; cake pan; model; matrix; last,
boot tree, shoe tree q. jubn a
chunk or loaf of cheese; q. sukar
sugar loaf; q. bn a cake or
bar of soap; ( qalban) with heart
and soul; inwardly and outwardly
qalb m. and f., pl. aqliba,
qulub, qulbn well
qalb tending to change; agile,
adaptable, resourceful; versatile, many-
sided
qallb changeable, variable,
unsteady, inconstant, fickle, wavering,
vacillating; reversible, tiltable; dumper;
tip wagon, skip ( araba)
tipcart; ( kall) rotary mixer
qallba agitator, stirring machine
maqlab pl. maqlib2 (eg.)
refuse dump, dump pile, dump; intrigue,
scheme. plot; April fools joke
miqlab pl. maqlib2 hoe
taqlb: inda t. in- necklace; to gird o.s. ( with), put on (
naar on closer inspection or examination,
when examined more closely
taqallub pl. -t alteration,
transformation, change; variation;
fluctuation (of prices); changeableness,
variableness, unsteadiness, inconstancy,
fickleness; pl. vicissitudes, ups and downs
( jaww) change of weather;
very changeable, very fickle,
capricious
inqilb upheaval; revolution,
overthrow, bouleversement; alteration,
transformation, change; solstice
tropic (geogr.)
maqlb turned over, turned
upside down, turned about, inverted,
inverse, reverse(d), etc.; infolded (bem,
seam); reciprocal (math.) topsy-
turvy; upside down; wrong side out; the
other way round, reversely, conversely,
vice versa
mutaqallib, also
))wavering, vacillating, changeable,
variable, inconstant, unsteady, fickle,
capricious
munqalab (place of overthrow,
i.e.) the hereafter, the end one meets in
death, the way of all flesh, final destiny;
tropic ( ataw) Tropic of
Capricorn; ( aif) Tropic of
Cancer 785
qalbaq a tall, usually cylindrical, fur cap
1
qala yellowness of the teeth
qul yellowness of the teeth
2
qaulaa pl. qawli2 (eg.) cob (of
corn, and the like)
1
II to adorn with a necklace ( a woman);
to gird ( s.o. with); to invest ( s.o.
with an office), appoint ( s.o. to an
office), award ( to s.o. a decoration, an
order), confer ( upon s.o. a rank); to
grant ( to s.o. a favor); to entrust (
s.o. with the rule or government of s.th.),
give ( s.o.) authority or power ( over
s.th.); to follow blindly anothers ()
opinion; to copy, ape, imitate ( s.o.); to
forge, counterfeit ( s.th.) V to put on or
wear a necklace, adorn o.s. with a
s.th.); to take upon o.s., assume ( s.th.);
to take over ( s.th., esp. power, control,
government)
qilda pl. qalid2 necklace;
pl. exquisite poems
miqlad pl. maqlid2 key
miqld pl. maqld2 key
key positions, power;
m. al-ukm the reins of government or
power; ( tasallama) to take
over (the reins of) government, seize
power; ( alq) to entrust
s.o. with the management, put s.o. in
charge
 taqld pl. taqld2 imitation;
copying; blind, unquestioning adoption
(of concepts or ideas); uncritical faith
(e.g., in a sources authoritativeness);
adoption of the legal decision of a
madhab (lsl. Law); pl. tradition;
convention, custom, usage
taqld traditional, customary,
conventional; based on uncritical faith
(e.g., in a sources authoritativeness)
muqalld imitated, imitation,
forged, counterfeit(ed), fake, sham,
spurious, false; tradition-bound
2
iqld pl. aqld2 key
bar al-qulzum the Red Sea
1
qalasa i (qals) to belch, burp, eruct II to
bow ( to s.o.); (eg.) to make fun ( of),
poke fun ( at), ridicule ( s.o., s.th.)
2
II to put a cap ( qalansuwa, q.v., on
s.o.s head)
3
qals pl. quls hawser, cable, rope
1
II to molt
taql molting, molt
2
( Fr. galoche) gal pl. -t galosh,
overshoe
2
qaln pl. qaln puttee bark ( from a tree); -- u (qalf);
qalaa i ( qul) to contract; to shrink
(laundered garment); to decrease,
diminish; to dwindle, fade, wane, decline;
to become shorter, recede (shadow)
( illuh) his prestige declined; it
decreased, dwindled, faded II to contract,
draw together ( s.th.); to tuck up, roll up
( s.th.) V = I; = II to calk ( a ship)
aqlaa2 shorter
taqallaa contraction, shrinking,
shrinkage
qill scrotal hernia
qll afflicted with scrotal hernia
qalaa a (qal) to pluck out, tear out,
pull out, weed out, uproot ( s.th.); to root
out, exterminate, extirpate ( s.th.); to
take off ( clothes) to pull be or become uneasy, disquieted,
out s.th. with the root, II to pluck out, tear
out, pull out, weed out, uproot (. s.th.); to
root out, exterminate, 786 extirpate (
s.th.) IV to set sail, prepare to sail, get
under sail; to sail, put to sea, depart (ship);
to take off (airplane); to desist, abstain,
refrain ( from); leave off, abandon, give
up, renounce, relinquish ( s.th.) VIII to
pluck out, tear out, pull out, weed out,
uproot ( s.th.); to root out, exterminate,
extirpate ( s.th.)
qil pl. qul, qil sail (of a
ship)
qala pl. qil, qul
fortress, stronghold, fort; citadel
qul thrush, canker of the mouth,
ulcerative stomatitis, stomacace (med.)
qul: ( umm)
footand-and-mouth disease
maqla pl. maqli2 stone
quarry
miql2 pl. maql2
slingshot, sling; catapult
iql sailing, departure (of a ship);
take-off (of an airplane)
qalaa to soil, sully, smirch ( s.th.)
qul a heretic
1
qalafa i (qalf) to hark ( a tree), strip the
(qulfatah) to circumcise s.o.
qilf bark, rind (of a tree)
qulfa pl. qulaf foreskin, prepuce
qulfa bark, rind (of a tree)
aqlaf2 uncircumcised
2
qilfa calking
3
qalfa pl. -t (tun.) foreman; workman,
manual laborer
qalfaa to calk ( a ship); (eg.) to do
sloppy work, scamp, bungle
qalafn and qalafnya rosin,
colophony
qaliqa a (qalaq) to totter, be unsteady; to
apprehensive, anxious, excited, agitated,
upset, perturbed, troubled, disturbed; to be
restless, be sleepless, pass, a sleepless
 night, find no sleep IV to trouble, worry,
alarm, disturb, upset, disconcert, disquiet,
discompose, discomfit, discomfort, make
uneasy or anxious ( s.o., s.th.); to
make restless, fill with uneasiness or
anxiety, perturb, agitate, excite ( s.o.); to
rob s.o. ( )of his rest
qalaq unrest, uneasiness, disquiet,
alarm; agitation, excitement, perturbation;
stir, sensation; anxiety, apprehensiveness,
apprehension, fear, worry, concern;
restlessness; sleeplessness; impatience
qaliq uneasy, disquieted;
apprehensive, worried, concerned,
anxious; agitated, excited, perturbed,
upset; disturbed, troubled; restless;
sleepless; impatient
qalq (eg.) restless
iqlq disquieting, troubling,
perturbation; disturbance
muqliq intrigant, schemer,
troublemaker
qulqs (coll.; n. un. )pl. -t a variety of
taro or elephants ear (Colocasia
antiquorum; bot.)
qalqala to move, commove, shake,
convulse, unsettle ( s.o., s.th.); to
disturb, trouble, harass ( s.o.; s.th.); to
disquiet, alarm, excite, agitate ( s.o.,
s.th.); to stir up, incite to rebellion ( s.o.);
to pronounce accurately (the )II
taqalqala to be or get in state of
commotion, be shaken, be convulsed, be
unsettled, be disturbed, be troubled, 787
be disquieted, be alarmed, be excited, be
agitated; to be stirred up, be incited to
rebellion, be incensed, be rebellious; to
move, budge ( from ones place), stir; to
be shaky, precarious, insecure (situation)
qalqala pl. qalqil2 unrest,
excitement, agitation, commotion; shock,
convulsion, concussion; disturbance
( eg.) qulqla pl. -t clod, lump of
earth
muqalqal in a state of commotion,
agitated, shaken, unsettled, etc.; unstable,
inconstant, unsteady
1 ( and ( qal (qalw) and
qalama i (qalm) to cut, clip, pure ( nails,
etc.), prune, trim, lop ( trees, etc.) II do.
( afira kamih) to
neutralize, disarm ones opponent
qalam pl. aqlm reed pen; pen;
writing, script, calligraphic style, ductus;
handwriting; style; office, bureau, agency,
department; window, counter; item, entry
(com.); (eg.) stripe, streak, line; (eg.)
slapin the face bi-qalamih written
by him; q. al-ibr fountain pen;
( jff) and ball-point
pen; editors office, editing
room; q. al-araka traffic bureau;
q. al-isbt accounting
department; q. al-idra
administration office, head office;
q. ar-ra pencil; travel
agency; information bureau;
press and information office;
bureau of vital statistics, (G.B.)
(general) register office; q. al-
kuttb clerical office; O q. al-
kbya indelible pencil, copying pencil;
( Eg.) Traffic Control Board
qulma pl. -t clippings, cuttings,
parings, shavings; nail cuttings
miqlama pl. -t pen case
taqlm clipping, trimming, paring;
pruning, lopping (of trees)
manicure
muqallam clipped, trimmed,
pruned; (eg.) striped, streaked
m. a-ufr powerless, helpless, weak
2
aqlama to acclimate, acclimatize, adapt,
adjust II taaqlama to acclimatize (o.s. )
iqlm pl. aqlm2 area, region;
province; administrative district (Eg. =
the country, countryside,
provinces (as opposed to the city)
iqlm climatic; regional, local;
territorial ( miyh) territorial
waters, coastal waters
qalandr wandering dervish, calendar
II taqalnasa to wear a cap
qalansuwa and qulansiya pl.
qalns2 tall headgear, tiara, cidaris;
hood, cowl, capuche; cap
qal i (qaly) to fry, bake, roast ( s.th.); --
 qal u ( qilan, qal), qal i II to give a portion only, pay an
and qaliya a ( qilan, qal, installment ( to s.o.) IV to put forth ears,
maqliya) to hate, loathe, detest ( s.o.)
qilw, qilan, qily alkali, base, lye
(chem.)
qilw alkaline, basic; al-
qilwyt the bases (chem.)
qallya frying vessel, cooking
vessel; see also below
miqlan and miqlh pl.
maqalin frying pan
taqliya (eg.) sauce made of garlic,
coriander and melted butter and served as
a condiment
qalwaza to wind (the turban)
see under
qalwaza to join with screws, screw
together
( also )qalw ships pilot;
screw
1
qallya (monks) cell; residence of the
Coptic Patriarch
2
qillya (monks) cell
qamma u (qamm) to sweep ( s.th.)
qimma pl. qimam top, summit,
peak, acme, apex q. ar-ras
crown of the head; O q. al-mauja
wave peak (el.); ( asan al-q.)
he is well-built; moonlight; (eg.) skylight; see also below
(akmai l-qadam) or
from head to toe
qumma sweepings, rubbish,
refuse, garbage undq al-
q. garbage bin
2
qamim sweepings, rubbish
miqamma pl. maqamm2 broom
qamua u ( qama) to be little, lowly,
despised, despicable; to feel inferior, feel
worthless
qam lowly, little, small;
insignificant, of little value
qama lowliness, littleness,
smallness; insignificance, puniness,
inferiority, despicability
ear, ripen (grain) ( bi-anfih`i) to
be proud, bear ones head high
qam wheat
qam wheat-colored, wheaten
qama pl. -t wheat kernel; grain
(in Eg. = .04875 g = )
ahr qum (qim) the two
coldest months of winter
qamm grain merchant, corn
chandler
1
qamara i (qamr) to gamble; -- i u to defeat
in gambling ( s.o.); passs. Qumira to lose
in gambling; -- qamira a (qamr) to be or
become snow-blind II to toast ( bread)
III to gamble ( with s.o.); to .take, risk,
hazard ( s.th.); to bet, speculate ( on)
( jawd) to bet on the
wrong horse IV to be moonlit (night) VI
to gamble with one another
qamar snow blindness; -- (pl.
aqmr) moon; satellite (astron.); al-
qamarn sun and moon q. ad-dn
a kind of jelly made from apricots finely
ground and dried in the sun;
paraselene, mock moon (astron.);
ajar al-q. selenite (min.)
qamara (n. un.) pl. -t crescent (as
an emblem on a uniform); (eg.)
qamar of or pertaining to the
moon, moon-shaped, moonlike, lunar
( ahur) the lunar months;
the moon letters (gram.)
qumr (coll.; n. un. )pl.
qamry a variety of turtledove
laila qamira moonlit night
qamarya pl. -t (eg.) skylight,
small window
qamr2 moonlight
qamr pl. aqmr fellow
gambler, gambling partner, gambler
aqmar2, qamr2 moonlit
(night); moon-white, bright, whitish
 maqmar and maqmara pl.
maqmir2 gambling house, gambling
hell
qimr gambling; bet, wager
lat lab al-q. lot machine
muqmara gambling 789
muqammir, ( kahrab)
toaster
muqammar (eg.) toast, toasted
bread
muqamir gambler
muqmir moonlit (night)
2
( It. camera) qamara, qamra pl.
t berth, bunk, cabin, stateroom
qumrug pl. qamriq2
customs (tun.)
qamaza u i (qamz) to take with the
fingertips ( s.th.)
qamasa u i (qams) to dip, immerse, soak,
steep ( s.th. in)
qms pl. qawms2 ocean; restrain, check, suppress, repress, subdue (
dictionary, lexicon
qaumas pl. qawmis2 depths
of the sea; pl. mishaps, misfortunes,
adversities
1
qamaa u i (qam) to pick up, gather up,
collect ( rubbish) II do.
qum rubbish, garbage, refuse,
offal, trash, junk; (pl. aqmia) fabric,
material, cloth q. al-bait
household effects, furniture; the
scum of the earth, riff-raff
qamm draper, cloth merchant
2
qama (eg.) strap, thong; leather whip,
cowhide
2
qamaa u i (qam, qum, qim)
to gallop; to spring, jump, leap, bound; to
kick II do.
qam gallop
2
II to clothe with a shirt ( s.o.) V to put
on or wear a shirt; to be clothed, be vested
( with), dress, attire o.s., wrap o.s. ( in),
cloak o.s. ( in the mantle of; fig.); to
transmigrate, pass into another body
(spirit), materialize ( in another body)
qam pl. qumu,
aqmia, qumn shirt; dress, gown;
covering, cover, case, wrap, envelope,
jacket; (Chr.) alb, surplice, rochet;
incarnation ( ifranj) day
shirt, upper shirt; q. an-naum
night-gown
taqm and taqammu
transmigration of souls, metempsychosis
3
qummu pl. qammia archpriest,
hegumen (Copt.-Chr.)
qamaa u i (qam) to swaddle ( a baby); to
fetter, shackle ( s.o.); to dress, bandage (
a wound) II do.
qim pl. aqm rope, fetter
qama a kind of kerchief (eg.)
qim pl. -t, qumu,
aqmia swaddle, diaper
qamar, qimar pl. qamir2
receptacle for storing books; satchel
qamaa a (qam) to tame, curb, bridle,
s.o., s.th.); to hinder, prevent ( s.o.
from) II (eg.) to cut off the upper end (
of an okra) IV = I
qam repression, suppression,
curbing, prevention; taming, subdual,
quelling, subjection
qam, qim, qima pl. aqm
funnel; -- (pl. qum) stem (of a
fruit); pericarp q. al-kayyt
thimble; cigar butt
qamqama and II taqamqama to
complain, grumble, mutter
qumqum and qumquma pl.
qamqim2 a bulgy, long-necked bottle 790
qamila a (qamal) to be lice-infested, teem
with lice V do.
qaml (coll.; n. un. )louse
qamil lousy, lice-infested
muqammal lice-infested
1
V to intend, purpose, propose ( to do
s.th.)
gamin worthy, deserving ( of
s.th.)
 qamn worthy ( of), adequate ( taqnn legislation, lawmaking;
to), in keeping with ( ;)fit(ting), codification (jur.); regulation by law;
appropriate, suitable ( for), capable ( rationing
of)
muqannin legislative, lawmaking;
maqman adequate ( to), lawgiver, lawmaker, legislator
appropriate, suited, suitable, fit ( for) muqannan determined, fixed
2
qamn and qamna pl. -t kiln, qni blood-red, deep-red
furnace
1 qanl canal the Suez Canal
qunn pl. qinn chicken coop, chicken
house qanb pl. qunb calyx
qinn pl. aqnn, aqinna slave, qunnab, qinnab hemp (Cannabis
serf indica; bot.) kai al-q. hemp
rope, string, cord, twine, packthread
qinna galbanum (bot.)
qinnab hempen, hemp (adj.)
qunna pl. -t, qunan, qinn,
qunn mountaintop, summit, peak miqnab pl. maqnib2 troop of
horsemen
qunna slavery, serfdom
1
qunbr (ir.) bast rug, bast runner
qinnna pl. qannin bottle,
2
glass bottle; flask, flacon, vial qunbur (coll.; n. un. )pl. qanbir2
2 lark (zool.)
II to make laws, legislate; to determine, fix
3
( s.th.) qunbura pl. qanbir2 bomb
4
qnn pl. qawnn2 canon; qunbr hump, hunch ab
established principle, basic rule, axiom, qunbr hunchback 791
norm, regulation, rule, ordinance, qunbz pl. qanbz2 (syr.) a long,
prescript, precept, statute; law; code; tax, sleeved garment worn by men, open in
impost; (Tun.) tax on olives and dates; a front and fastened with a belt
stringed musical instrument resembling 1
the zither, with a shallow, trapezoidal qanbal and qanbala pl. qanbil2
sound box, set horizontally before the troop of horsemen; troop, group, band
performer ( ass) basic 2
qanbala to bomb ( s.th.)
constitutional law; statutes;
statutes, constitution; ( jin) qunbula pl. qanbil2 bomb,
criminal law, penal law; bomb shell; grenade, shell
( akya) personal statute; incendiary bomb; ( darrya)
( dustr) constitutional law; atomic bomb, A bomb; ( gzya)
( duwal) international law; gas bomb, gas shell; ( mya)
q. al-murfat code of procedure depth charge; ( muriqa)
(jur.; Eg.); do. incendiary bomb; ( munfajira)
(syr.); q. as-silk al-idr high-explosive bomb;
administrative law; ( kmw) (haidrjnya) hydrogen bomb, H bomb;
chemical formula; ( madan) q. al-yad or ( yadawya)
civil law hand grenade

qnn canonical; legal, statutory; ira muqanbila bomber;

lawful, legitimate, licit, accordant with bombers
law or regulations, valid, regular; legist, qunnab cauliflower
jurisprudent, jurist ( aidal)
qanata u ( qunt) to be obedient,
certified and licensed pharmacist;
submissive, humble
illegal
qunt obedience to God, humility
qnnya legality, lawfulness
before God, devoutness, piety
 qanja pl. -t, qinj Nile boat despair, dishearten, discourage ( s.o.) IV
qand pl. qund hard crystalline mass do.
formed by evaporating or boiling cane qana and qun despair,
sugar, candy despondency, desperateness, hopelessness
maqnd and muqannad qani and qan despairing,
sweetened with qand desperate, disheartened, discouraged
qunduz and qundus beaver qni despairing, desperate,
2 despondent, disheartened, discouraged
qandaq pl. qandiq gunstock, rifle
792
butt
1
qantara to arch, span, vault ( s.th.)
qandalaft pl. -ya sexton, sacristan (Chr.)
qantara pl. qanir2 arched
qandl aspalatus (bot.)
bridge, stone bridge; vault, arch; archway,
qindl pl. qandl2 lamp; candlestick; arcade; arches, viaduct, aqueduct (esp.
candelabrum pl.); dam, weir regulator,
qunzaa, qanzaa, qinzia pl. regulating device (at a canal, esp. in the
qanzi2 tuft of hair; cocks comb, crest of Egyptian irrigation system);
a rooster (kairya) the Barrages, at the entrance of
the Nile delta, about 15 miles north of
qanaa i (qan) and VIII to hunt, shoot, Cairo
bag ( s.th.); to hunt up ( s.th.), get hold
( of s.th.); to make use, take advantage, muqanar vaulted, arched,
avail o.s. ( of the circumstances, arcaded
al-fura of the opportunity, and the qanara to possess tremendous riches
like)
qinr pl. qanr2 kantar, a
qan hunting, shooting, hunt varying weight of 100 ral (in Eg. =
qana quarry, bag, game 44.93 kg, in Tunisia = 53.9 kg, in Syria =
256.4 kg) ( muqanara)
qan game, quarry, bag, catch; accumulated riches; tremendous sums
hunter
qinryn centaury (Erythrea
qann pl. qana hunter centauricum; bot.)
qni pl. qunn hunter qanarma pl. -t snaffle, bridoon
2
qnia pl. qawni gizzard qania a (qana, qunn, qana)
O qnia pl. -t tank destroyer to content o.s., be content, be satisfied (
(Syr.; mil.) with); to be convinced II to mask ( the
face); to veil ( the face, to a woman); to
maqn quarry, bag, catch satisfy, content ( s.o.), give satisfaction (
qunul pl. qanil2 consul to); to convince ( s.o. of); to persuade (
and vice-consul; s.o.) IV to content, satisfy ( s.o.), give
(mm) consul general satisfaction ( to); to convince ( s.o.); to
induce, persuade ( s.o. to do s.th.),
qunul consular
prevail ( upon s.o. to do s.th.) V to
qunulya pl. -t consulate mask or conceal ones face; to veil ones
( mma) consulate general face, be veiled, wear a veil VIII to content
qunult consulate o.s., be content ( with); to be convinced (
of)
qania a (qana), qanaa u i ( qun)
and qanua u ( qana) to despair, qin pl. aqn arms, weapons,
despond, become disheartened, be without armor
hope, lose all courage II to drive to
 qana contentment, content,
contentedness; frugality, moderation,
temperance, abstemiousness
qana satisfaction; contentment,
content, contentedness; frugality,
temperance, moderation
qani satisfied, content, contented;
temperate, moderate, abstemious
qin pl. qunu arms, weapons,
armor; -- (pl. aqnia, also
qint) veil, head veil; mask; pericardium
( wqin) gas mask
qan pl. qunu satisfied,
content ( with); frugal, modest,
temperate
maqna sufficiency
that is enough for him, he may content
himself with that
iqn satisfying, satisfaction,
contenting (of s.o.); persuasion;
convincing, convincement, conviction
taqannu mummery, masquerade
iqtin satisfaction, contentment,
content, contentedness; conviction (=
convincedness)
qni satisfied, content ( with)
muqanna veiled; masked
muqtani satisfied, content (
with); convinced
qunfud pl. qanfid2 hedgehog thing acquired, acquisition
q. al-bar or ( bar) sea
urchin (Echinus; zool.); porcupine fish
(Diodon; zool.)
qanqar kangaroo
look up alphabetically
1
qanima a (qanam) to be or become rancid,
rank
qannma sacred fish (Mormyrus
oxyrhynchus)
2
uqnm pl. aqnm2 hypostasis,
person of the Trinity (Chr.); basic
element, substance, subsistent principle
793
)and ( qan u ( qanw,
qunw, qunwa, qunwn) to
acquire, appropriate, make ones own (
s.th.); to possess, own, have ( s.th.); --
qan i (qany, qunyn) to acquire,
gain ( s.th.); -- qaniya a ( qanan) to
be hooked, aquiline (nose) II to dig (a
canal) VIII to acquire ( s.th.); to get,
procure, purchase ( s.th.)
qunw, qinw pl. aqn,
qunwn, qinwn, qunyn, qinyn
bunch of dates
qunwa, qinwa appropriation,
acquisition; property in livestock, wealth,
fortune, possessions, property
qunya, qinya acquisition, property
qan`ah pl. qanan, quny,
qin, qanawt, qanayt spear,
(bamboo) lance; shaft; tube, duct, pipe; --
(pl. aqniya, qanawt) canal;
stream, waterway ( damya)
lachrymal canal; q. al-alam
flagpole; lnat qantuh to
soften, relent; to yield, give in
qanya pl. -t small stream, rivulet,
runnel, canal
O qunayya cannula
aqn bent, curved, crooked, hooked
iqtin purchase, acquisition
qnin pl. qniya possessor,
owner; see also alphabetically
muqtanan pl. muqtanayt
qahara a (qahr) to subject, subjugate,
conquer, vanquish, defeat ( s.o., s.th.);
to subdue, overpower, overwhelm,
overcome ( s.o., s.th.); to force,
compel, coerce ( s.o. to)
qahr vanquishing, subdual,
subjection, subjugation; compulsion,
coercion, force; (eg.) annoyance, trouble,
sorrow, grief; qahran forcibly, by
force; perforce, of necessity
quhra compulsion, coercion,
constraint, force
qahr compelling, compulsory,
mandatory, coercive; forcible, forced
forced smile; ( sabab)
compelling reason
 qhir forcible, cogent,
overpowering, irresistible; vanquisher,
conqueror, victor; the planet Mars
mir al-qhira or al- ground) II do. V to break open, burst open
qhira Cairo
qhir Cairene; (pl. -n) a
Cairene
qahhr conquering, vanquishing;
the Subduer, the Almighty (God)
qahramn pl. qahrima steward,
butler, household manager
qahramna (woman)
housekeeper
qahqara to move backward, go back, fall
back, retreat, withdraw; to fall behind, lag
behind; to recede, retrogress, retrograde,
decline, degenerate, deteriorate II
taqahqara do.
qahqara backward movement,
recedence, recession, retrogression, fall-
back, retreat; decline, retrogradation,
degeneration
qahqar backward movement,
recedence, recession, retrogression,
fallback, retreat; decline, retrogradation,
degeneration to fall back,
retreat, withdraw
taqahqur regress, recession,
recedence, retrogression, lag, fallback,
retreat
qahqaha to laugh boisterously, guffaw
qahqaha loud burst of laughter,
guffaw, horselaugh 794
qahwa coffee; (pl. qahawt and
qahw) cafe, coffeehouse a quarrel V to fester, suppurate, swell
coffee without sugar
qahwt, qahawt pl. -ya (syr.)
coffeehouse owner
qahwaj coffeehouse owner;
coffee cook
maqhan and maqhh pl. automobile), pilot ( an airplane); to
maqhin cafe, coffeehouse
maqhya (yem.) cafe, coffeehouse
qahiya a: ( am) and IV s.o.) VIII to lead; to be led X to retaliate
to have little appetite
qhin supplied with provisions
( ( qba u (qaub) to dig; to dig up,
burrow, excavate, hollow out ( the
(egg)
qb small distance; short span
(between the middle and the end of a bow)
( q. qausain) quite near,
very close; imminent; ( q.
lama) in a moment
qb pl. aqwb young bird,
chick
qb, quwab2 and qba,
quwaba pl. quwab tetter (med.)
( ( qta u (qaut, qt, qiyta)
to feed, nourish, subsist, sustain, support (
s.o.), provide for the support ( of) II and
IV do. V to be fed, be supported; to feed,
livo ( on s.th.); to eat ( s.th.) VIII do.;
to take in or absorb as nourishment (
s.th.)
qt kat (Catha edulis Forskl; bot.);
the leaves of this shrub which act as an
excitant when chewed q. ar-
ruyn a variety of lettuce (Lactuca
inermis Forsk.; bot.)
qt pl. aqwt nutriment,
aliment, nourishment, food, viands
mawdd al-q. foodstuffs
taqawwut nutrition, alimentation
al-muqt the Feeder, the
Nourisher (God)
) )qa u (qau) to fester, suppurate,
swell (wound); to sweep ( the house) II
to sweep ( the house) III to quarrel, pick
qa pl. q courtyard
) )qda u (quad, qiyd, qiyada,
maqda) to lead, lead by a halter (
s.th.); to conduct, guide, engineer, steer (
s.th.); to drive, steer ( e.g., an
pander, pimp IV to cause ( s.o.) to
retaliate VII to be led, be guided; to
follow, obey ( s.o.), yield, submit ( to
qaud leadership; pandering,
pimping
 qawad retaliation V to coil (snake) VIII and
qawwd pander, pimp, procurer iqtawara = II

qad tractable, docile, amenable, qr pitch; tar

manageable; trained (horse) qra pl. -t, qr, qrn hill;
see also qarra under;
aqwad2 tractable, docile, amenable,
manageable miqwara gouge
qiyd leadership, guidance; leading taqwr gouging, hollowing out
rope, halter salis al-q. taqwra neckline (of a garment)
tractable, docile, amenable, manageable,
pliant; ab al-q. intractable, muqawwar cut out in a round
unruly, ungovernable form; gouged, hollowed out, scooped out;
chiseled out; low-cut, low-necked,
qiyda leadership, guidance; dcollet (dress)
driving, steering, steerage (of a vehicle);
command ( ) )uly, qawurma (eg.) mutton or beef cut in
mma) supreme command; small pieces and braised with squash
ajalat al-q. steering wheel (of an (qar) or onions and tomatoes
automobile) qawisa a (qawas) to be bent,
miqwad pl. maqawid leading curved, crooked II = I; to bend, curve,
rope, leading rein, halter; steering crook ( s.th.); to shoot V = I; to bend
mechanism; steering wheel 795 qaus m. and f., pl. of aqws,
inqiyd obedience, compliances, qusy, qisy bow, longbow; arc
yielding, submission (geom.); arch, vault (arch.; of a bridge);
violin bows, fiddlestick; semicircular
qid pl. quwwd, quwwad, table; parentheses (punctuation
qda, qdt leader; directors, marks); Sagittas, the Archer (sign of
manager; head, chief; commander, the zodiac) ( qausain) in
commandant; high-ranking officer, senior parentheses; q. quzaa rainbow;
officer; cad, native governmental officer q. an-nadf teasing bow (for
heading a cadate in Tunisia; steersman, combing or carding cotton); q.
helmsman q. al-jai an-nar triumphal arch;
commander of an army, general; lam yabqa f q. abr minz my
(mm) supreme commander; patience is at an end (lit.: there is no arrow
(al) commander-in-chief of the Eg. left for the bow of my patience)
navy; ( mm,
jawwya) lieutenant general of the Air qawws bowmaker; bowman,
Force (Eg. 1939); archer; kavass, consular guard
(jawwya) major general of the Air Force quwaisa sage (bot.)
(Eg. 1939); q. usl jaww
colonel of the Air Force (Eg. 1939); muqawwas bent, crooked, curved,
lieutenant colonel of the Air arched
Force (Eg. 1939); q. firqa q pl. aqw crupper (of the saddle
jawwya major of the Air Force (Eg. or harness); straps, girth
1939); q. jan wing commander
(Eg. 1939); q. sirb captain of the qw pl. qaww2 prison
Air Force (Eg. 1939); q. al-fikr cell
leading thinkers qaw see qawws
II to make a round hole ( in s.th.); to ) )qa u (qau) to demolish, tear
gouge, scoop out, hollow out ( s.th.); to down, wreck, raze ( a building), strike (
cut out in a round form, cut round ( s.th.) a tent) II do.; to break off ( s.th.); to
smash ( s.th.) V to be demolished,
 undergo demolition; to collapse, fall in, view), stand up ( for), be the proponent (
cave in; to break up, scatter, disperse of a doctrine or dogma); to allege (
(crowd); to desist ( from), give in, give s.th.); with : to speak against s.o.,
way ( to) speak ill of s.o., tell lies about s.o.
( bi-rasih) to motion with the head,
taqw wrecking, demolition;
signal, beckon; qla f l-matal
destruction, annihilation
the proverb says; ( inna) one
muqwaa barter, exchange, cannot say that ..., let no one say that ;
interchange au qul or, or rather, or say even ;
1
qau pl. aqw flock of sheep 796 ( wa-qul mitla) or
2
or the same must be said about
al-q the Goths , the same can be said of ..., the same
q Gothic applies to ... III to confer, parley, treat,
3
negotiate ( with s.o.); to dispute, wrangle,
qaua small basket for fruit; date basket argue; to haggle, bargain ( with s.o.,
4
qa (eg.) tomatoes about the price); to make a contract; to
conclude a bargain, make a deal ( with
) )q pl. qn, aqwu,
s.o.) V to fabricate lies, spread rumors (
aqw plain, lowland; bottom, lowest part;
about s.o.); to pretend, allege, purport
wave trough (phys.); floor (of a mine);
( s.th.) ( aqwla) to talk
gulf, abyss q. an-nahr river bed;
foolishly X O to render (voice by radio)
the Netherlands
ql wa-ql and ql wa-
qa pl. -t paved courtyard;
ql long palaver; idle talk, prattle, gossip
entrance hall, vestibule, corridor; hall;
sizable room q. al- qla speech, talk s al-
muart lecture hall, auditorium (of a q. malicious gossip, backbiting,
university); lecture room, defamation
classroom; q. a-am dining qaul pl. aqwl, aqwl2
room; messhall; q. al-ar word, speech, saying, utterance, remark;
throne room; q. al-mulaa statement, declaration; report, account;
reading room, study hall; doctrine, teaching; pl. also: testimony
banquet hall, ballroom (in court); sayings, locutions;
1
) )qqa u (qauq) to cackle, cluck (hen) proverbs qaulan wa-amalan
II do. or ( fil) by word and deed;
testimonies, depositions, evidence;
qq pl. qqn (syr.) raven
a qaulah to make ones bid
cormorant (zool.)
(at an auction)
umm quwaiq (eg.) owl (zool.)
qaula (n. vic.) utterance, remark,
2
and pl. look up alphabetically word; pronouncement, dictum
al-qauqz and al-qauqs the quwala garrulous, voluble,
Caucasus loquacious, talkative, communicative
al-qauqzyn the Caucasians qawwl garrulous, voluble,
qauqa seashell loquacious, talkative, communicative;
itinerant singer and musician 797
qauqaa pl. qawqi2 snail
miqwal pl. maqwil2
1
( ( qla u ( qaul) to speak, say, tell ( phonograph, gramophone, talking
s.th., to s.o.; s.th. about or of), machine
utter, voice ( s.th.); to speak ( of), deal
( with), treat ( of); to state, maintain, maql speech; proposition,
assert, propound, teach, profess, advocate, contention, teaching, doctrine; article;
defend ( s.th.); to support, hold ( a treatise; piece of writing
 maqla pl. -t article; essay; endorse ( s.th.); to be in charge ( of),
treatise; piece of writing manage, run, tend, guard, keep up,
(iftitya) editorial, leading article preserve ( s.th.); to take care ( of),
attend ( to), watch ( over), look
muqwala talk, conversation,
after s.th. ( ;)to cost, be worth ( so
parley, conference; dispute; contract;
and so much) ( burhn)
settlement, arrangement, agreement;
bargain, deal, transaction, undertaking proof had been furnished for;
(bi-abi l-ukm) to assume the burdens
by the job, by the contract, by
piece (work) of government, take over power;
(bi-awadih) to provide for s.o.s needs,
taqawwul pl. -t talk, rumor, stand by s.o. in time of need; ( bi-
gossip daurin) to play a part; ( bi-anih)
qil pl. quwwal saying, telling; to take care of s.o., look after s.o., take
teller, narrator; advocate, proponent ( of s.o. under ones wing; to
s.th.) defray the costs, pay the expenses;
to do ones duty; ( bi-
maql pl. -t that which is said, wadih) to keep ones word;
utterance, saying; word(s), speech ( arb) the war was or became
( ar) the ten categories violent, flared up; war broke out;
(philos.) (aqq) truth became or was manifest;
muqwil contractor; building ( alh) the time of prayer has come;
contractor ( qadamin wa-sqin) to
2
become fully effective, be in full progress,
( Turk. kol) ql wing of an army, army be in full swing;
corps; ( Turk. kol aas) a (qaumata rajulin) they rose to a man;
military rank intermediate between those lam taqum lah qimatun
of captain and major, adjutant major badu he was no longer able to put up any
(Egs.) resistance, he was as good as finished;
qaulaa pl. qawli2 (eg.) cob (of there is no 798 resistance
corn, and the like) against the enemies;
(qiymatuh) to get excited, get angry,
qaulanj colic
become furious; all hell broke loose in it;
qoln colon (anat.) ) )to be upset, be shocked,
) )qma u ( qauma, qiym) be violently agitated by s.th.;
to get up; to stand up, stand erect; to rise (wajhih) to resist, oppose, defy s.o.;
(also fig.: voices, noise, wind); to ( maqmah) to replace s.o.,
rise or turn against s.o., revolt or rebel substitute for s.o., deputize for s.o., take
against s.o., attack s.o.; to rise in s.o.s place; to serve as or instead of s.th.,
honor of s.o.; to rise from the dead, be take the place of s.th., replace s.th.;
resurrected; to ascend; to set out, start out; to take the place of s.o. with s.o.;
to depart, leave (train); to betake o.s., go ( ( wa-qaada) to be in a state of great
to); to stand; to remain standing; to be, anxiety, be seriously upset, be very
exist, be existent; to be located, be agitated; to be very alarmed ( by s.th.);
situated, lie; to consist ( in); to rest, be not to be lasting and durable II to
based, be founded ( on, also ), be set upright, lift up, raise ( s.th.); to
built ( on); to have for its (main) theme create, shape, form, arrange, set up (
( a problem; of a book, and the like); to s.th.); to straighten, make or put straight (
begin ( to do s.th.), start ( doing s.th.); to arrange well, do properly (
s.th.); to make s.th. ( )ones business, s.th.); to put in order, fix, set going (
concern o.s. ( with), undertake, take s.th.); to right, put to rights, rectify,
upon o.s., perform, do, carry out, execute, correct, reform, amend ( s.th.); O to
accomplish, practice, exercise ( s.th.); to rectify (el.); to estimate, assess, appraise,
stand up ( for), support, advocate, value, rate ( s.th. at) l
yuqawwamu bi-tamanin inestimable, else; ( nafsah maqama l-
invaluable, priceless III to resist, oppose ( m) to pose as the protector;
s.o.); to fight, combat ( s.th.); to raise (wa-aqadah) to upset s.o. seriously,
objections, take issue, contend, argue ( throw s.o. in a state of violent emotion;
with s.o. because of s.th.); to withstand ( ( dunya wa-aqadah) to move
s.o.), hold out, hold ones own ( against), heaven and earth; to make a stir, create a
be on a par ( with s.o.), equal, match ( sensation; ( qiymatan) he
s.o.), measure up ( to s.o.) l forestalls any resistance on his part X to
yuqwamu irresistible IV to straighten, rise, get up, stand up; to straighten up,
straighten out, make right or correct, put draw o.s. up; to stand upright, stand erect;
in order ( s.th.); to make ( s.o.) rise; to to be or become 799 straight; to be right,
resurrect, raise from the dead ( s.o.); to correct, sound, proper, in order; to keep,
lift up, elevate ( s.th.); to set up, raise, stick ( to s.th.) ( kalmu)
erect ( s.th.); to start, originate, found, he said the right thing about ..., he talked
call into being ( s.th.); to fix, determine ( sense about ...
s.th.); to appoint, nominate, install ( qaum pl. aqwm fellow
s.o. as); to put s.o. in charge of tribesmen, kinsfolk, kin, kindred; tribe,
s.th., commission s.o. with the
race, people, nation; people
management of s.th.; to agitate, rouse, ethnographer, ethnologist;
excite ( s.th.); to make brisk, enliven,
(inna) people will say ...
animate ( the market); to hold ( a
meeting, a ceremony, etc.), celebrate ( a qauma rising; uprising, revolt
festival), put on, stage, organize ( a qaum national; ethnic, racial;
celebration, a pageant, etc.), give ( a national traits; (pl. -ya) goumier,
reception); to occupy o.s. constantly ( member of the native cavalry troops
with); to abide, stay, remain, dwell, reside, recruited from the local tribes in French
live ( in); to dwell ( on), persist ( North Africa
in), keep, stick ( to)
(awadah) to provide for s.o.s needs, qaumya nationalism; nationality
stand by s.o. in time of need; to support qma stature, figure, build, frame
s.o., furnish s.o. with the means of (of a person); fathom (measure of length =
subsistence; ( burhna 6 feet); stand, support, tripod
l-jalya) to furnish the unmistakable proof
for ..., dearly prove s.th.; ( ujjata) qayyim valuable, precious; straight,
to protest, lodge a protest; right; caretaker, curator, custodian,
(isban) to render account to s.o.; to give superintendent; al-qayyima the true
ones mind to s.o. or s.th., make s.o. or faith ( kutub) valuable books
s.th. ones concern; to qma pl. qiyam value, worth; size
prove that ...; ( dnya) to of an amount, amount, quantity; price
perform the liturgical rites; valuable; ( qmata worthless
(alta) to perform the ritual prayer;
qm relating to the value, by the
( adla) to administer justice, handle
standard of value, according to the value;
the law; ( quddsa) to read the
nonfungible (Isl. Law)
Mass for s.o.; )(
nonfungible things, nonfungibles (Isl.
(qayatan, daw) to take legal action
Law)
against s.o., sue s.o.; ( waznan) to
set great store by s.th., attach importance qawm upright posture, erect
to s.th., make much of s.th.; bearing; straightness; stature, physique,
(yuqmu, wazn) to be negligible, be of no build, frame; figure, body (of a person);
consequence; ( mubrtan) to rightness, properness, proper condition,
stage a contest; ( maqmah) to normal state; strength, vigor, stamina;
make s.o. take the place of s.o. else, make firmness, consistency; support, stay, prop;
s.o. replace s.o. else. substitute s.o. for s.o. livelihood, living
 qiwm support, stay, prop; basis, (siysya, rasmya) the political (official)
foundation; stock, supply; sustenance, agencies; m. al-kasr denominator
subsistence, livelihood q. ahlih of a fraction; title
the provider, or supporter, of his family conferred upon the holder of the order of
Collier Fouad I, established by Fuad I in
qawwm manager, director,
1936; ( m. wlid) he
superintendent, caretaker, keeper,
assumed the responsibility of fatherhood
custodian, guardian ( of s.th.)
for me; cf. also muqm and under
qiwma guardianship
maqma pl. -t sitting, session,
qawm pl. qiym straight, meeting; a genre of Arabic rhythmic prose
upright, erect; correct, right, proper,
taqwm pl. taqwm2 raising,
sound, authentic; true (religion); firm,
setting up, erection; appraisal, assessment,
solid
estimation, fating, valuation; correction;
qiym rising, getting up; standing; rectification, amendment, reform,
existence; outbreak (e.g., of a revolt); reformation, reorganization, reshaping,
setting out, leaving, departure (also, esp., modification, adaption; a rectification,
of trains); performance. execution, detection (el., radio); land survey,
carrying out, consummation, discharge, surveying; determination of geographical
accomplishment, undertaking ( of s.th.); longitude and latitude; geography;
support, stay, prop; sustenance, stocktaking; almanac; calendar;
subsistence, livelihood till chronology the
doomsday, forever and ever, in perpetuity, Gregorian calendar; ( zaman)
for all time to come; q. ahlih the chronology; ilm t. al-buldn
provider, or supporter, of his family; geography
( amal) performance; working,
functioning muqwama resistance;
opposition; fight, struggle, battle (with
qiyma resurrection; tumult, foll. genit.: against); O resistance (el.) O
turmoil, upheaval, revolution, overthrow; ( jawwya) antiaircraft defense;
guardianship d al-q. Easter; ( salbya) passive resistance;
yaum al-q. the day of without resistance, unresistingly
resurrection, the day of final judgment;
iqma raising, lifting up; elevation;
( qiymatuh) to get excited, get
setting up; erection; establishment (of an
angry, become furious; all hell broke
institute); execution; performance;
loose in it; ( ( to be upset, be
holding, convocation (e.g., of a meeting),
shocked, be violently agitated by s.th.
celebration (e.g., of a festival), putting on,
al-qayym the Everlasting, the staging (e.g., of a pageant, of a
Eternal (God) celebration); resurrection (of the dead);
aqwam2 straighter; more correct, stay, sojourn; second call to the salat in a
sounder; more adequate, more appropriate mosque, indicating the imminent
beginning of the prayer; (Magr.)
miqwam plowtail, plow handle residentship, office of resident
maqm pl. -t site, location, ( dnya) performance of the
position; place, spot, point, locality; religious ceremonies, celebration of the
situation; station; standing, position, 800 divine service; i. al-adl
rank, dignity; tomb of a saint, sacred administration of justice; maall
place; key, tonality, mode (mus.) al-i. (place of) residence, domicile;
on this occasion; small address
building near the Kaaba, in Mecca istiqma straightness; sincerity,
(housing a stone with Abrahams foot- uprightness, rectitude, integrity, probity,
prints); topic of the honesty; rightness, soundness, correctness
conversation; ) )
 qim pl. quwwam, quyyam,
quwwm, quyym rising, getting
up; standing; upright, erect; stand-up;
existing, existent; visible, conspicuous;
firm, steadfast, staunch, unflinching,
unshakable; revolting, rebelling (
against); vertical, perpendicular ( to)
( bi-a. al- Resident General (Tun.)
mufawwya) charge daffaires (dipl.);
( bi-rasih) and
( bi-nafsihi) self-existent,
independent; ( q. aytihi)
during his lifetime; q. az-zwiya
rectangular, right-angled; right
angle
qim-maqm, qimaqm
administrative officer at the head of a
qa, approx.: district president (Ir., Syr.,
Leb.); lieutenant colonel (mil.; Tun.,
formerly also Eg.); commander (naval
rank; Eg.)
qim-maqmya,
qimaqmya administrative district
headed by a qim-maqam, in Iraq =
qa
qima pl. qawim leg, foot,
paw (of a quadruped); leg, foot (of
furniture); pale, stake, post, prop,
stanchion, pillar; pommel (of a swords
hilt); stand, base, support; (fig.) main
support, pillar; (pl. also -t) list, roster,
801 register, index, table, schedule;
catalogue; invoice, bill q. a-
am menu, bill of fare; see also I
muqawwim estimator, appraiser,
assessor; -- (pl. -t) formative element,
constituent factor; O rectifier, detector
(el., radio); pl. elements,
constituents, components, formative
agents, basic factors, fundamentals
m. al-ayh means of
subsistence; earthly possessions;
m. al-jaml cosmetics; m.
al-umrn cultural factors
muqawwam highly creditable,
valuable, valued, treasured, prized; pl.
valuable possessions, valuables;
assets, values
muqwim resisting, resistent,
reluctant, averse, unwilling; opponent,
adversary, antagonist
muqim raising, lifting up, setting
up, erecting, etc. j remaining, staying,
abiding, lingering; permanent, lasting,
enduring; persistent; living, residing,
resident, domiciled; re8ident (dipl.)
( bi-wjibtih) dutiful,
conscientious, loyal; ( mm)
muqm residential
muqmya residentship, residency
muqm raised, set up, erected, etc.;
pending (legal action); stay, sojourn;
abode, habitat, whereabouts; place of
residence; duration of stay; see also under
mustaqm upright, erect; straight;
dead straight, straight as a die; directed
straight ahead; correct, right, sound,
proper, in order; even, regular,
symmetrical, proportionate, harmonious;
honest, straightforward, upright,
righteous, honorable; (pl. -t) a straight,
straight line (math.); reotum (anat.)
( Fr. commissaire) qomisr
commissioner
( Fr. commandant) qomandn
commander, commandant
qna pl. quwan icon; image of a saint
qniya2 Konya (city in Anatolia)
II to shriek, scream, yell, cry, shout
qawiya a ( qwa) to he or become
strong, vigorous, forceful, mighty; to
become stronger, increase in power, gain
ascendancy; to be able to do s.th. ( in
or about s.th.), have influence ( over
s.th.); to he able to cope ( with s.th.),
be able to manage or tackle ( s.th.); to
be superior ( to s.o.); -- ( qiyy,
qawya) to he depopulated, deserted,
forsaken, desolate (place); -- ( qawan)
to starve, be starved; to be denied, he
withheld (rain) II to make strong or
vigorous, strengthen, fortify, consolidate,
invigorate, brace ( , s.o., s.th.); to
encourage, hearten, embolden ( s.o.); to
intensify ( s.th.) III to vie or compete in
strength ( with s.o.); to equal, match (
s.o.) IV to be poor; to be empty, deserted,
forsaken, desolate (place) V to be or
become strong; to intensify, become taqwiya strengthening;
stronger; to take heart, take courage VIII fortification, consolidation;
to claim for o.s. ( s.th.) X = V intensification; encouragement
qaw, qiw and qiyy desert, taqw (eg.) seed (for sowing)
wasteland, desolate country iqw depopulation; imperfect
qaw and qawan hunger, rhyme (change of the vowel following the
starvation rhyme letter)
qwa pl. -t, quwan strength; muqawwin strengthening, fortifying,
vigor; potency; power, force; intensity; invigorating; corroborant; (pl.
violence, vehemence; courage, pluck; muqawwiyt) a restorative, tonic, cordial,
faculty, ability, capability, aptitude; corroborant; O amplifier (radio)
efficacy, efficiency, potential; O (electric) muqawwan strengthened,
energy, power, capacity, output; armed reinforced, stiffened, stiff
force, troop; qwt armed forces; (waraq) cardboard, pasteboard
troops forcibly, by force; 802
inherently, virtually (philos.); bi- qiyy see
qwatin wa-jalin (to speak) loud and ( ( qa i ( qay) to vomit II to cause (
distinctly; munsariq al-q. s.o.) to vomit (of an emetic) V = I
weakened, debilitated, effete, exhausted,
spent; ( itiyya) reserves quy vomit, that which is vomited
(mil.); q. al-ida transmitting muqayyi pl. muqayyit a
power (radio); q. al-irda will vomitive, an emetic ( jauz)
power; inertia; nux vomica
memory; frontier guard, border
guard; light, mobile task force qtr pl. qaytr2, qtr and
(mil.); O ( kahrabya) qtra pl. qaytr2, a guitar; lyre
electromotive force, e.m.f.; ( ( qa i (qai) to suppurate, fester, be
(difya) total defense potential; O purulent II and V do.
( saya) surface task force (navy);
qai pl. quy pus, matter
purchasing power; q.
a-aut volume, intensity (radio) taqayyu suppuration, maturation,
intellectual power, faculty of perception; purulence
combat force; ( amal) mutaqayyi suppurative, festering,
working power; output capacity; purulent
legal force; force majeure; 1
( markazya) central power; O II to bind, tie, fetter, shackle ( s.o. with;
centripetal force; O also fig.: to bind or tie s.o. to); to limit,
centrifugal force; restrict, confine, qualify ( s.th.); to
(mudda) antiaircraft defense; impose restrictions ( on s.o., on s.th.),
(manawya) moral strength, morale, set bounds ( to s.o., to s.th.), curb,
spirit; q. an-nabt germinative faculty; check ( s.o., s.th.); to fix, determine,
( nimya) regular army; lay down, specify, stipulate ( s.th.); to
( barrya wa-barya wa- write, write down, note down ( s.th.),
jawwya) ground, sea, and air forces; make a note, take notes ( of) ; to enter,
athletics, specif., track and field book ( s.th.) ; to register, record ( s.th.,
also fig., of the eyes); to enroll ( s.o., in a
qawy pl. aqwiy2 strong; list or register); to charge ( s.th. to
vigorous; potent; mighty, powerful, s.o.,s account), debit ( with s.th.
forceful; intense, violent, vehement i firm, s.o.); to place s.th. ( )to s.o.s credit (),
solid, robust, hardy, sturdy credit ( with s.th. s.o.) V pass. Of II; to
eloquent, quick, witted bind o.s., be bound ( to, by, e.g., by an
aqw stronger
obligation); 803 to be limited, restricted;
to enroll, have ones name registered
qaid pl. quyd (also aqyd)
fetter, shackle, chain; bond, tie; strap,
thong; recording, record, booking,
entering, entry, registering, registration,
registry; enrollment (e.g., at
matriculation); fixation, determination,
specification, stipulation; document;
limitation, confinement, restriction,
qualification, reservation; condition,
proviso; amount, measure, degree;
distance gum(s); qairawn pl. -t caravan
genealogical tree; family tree;
without any reservation, without
qualification; ( ar) without
any reservation, without qualification;
with no strings attached; unconditional;
qalam al-quydt bureau of vital
statistics, (G.B.) (general) register office;
bi-q. il-ayh or ( still) by analogy with s.th. else), drew
alive, living; qaida aratin, by a
hairbreadth, within 80 hairs breadth; ...
la ... qaida unmulatin not one inch,
not one iota; ( q. ), proportion ( or y s.th. to, also
satin) within a few hours;
at a distance of 1o km;
( q. il-baar) within sight
qaida (prep.) under subject to, the
object of, in the process of, in the stage
of ( dars) the project is
being studied, is under consideration;
( masala, bat) the affair is
subject to investigation, is being
investigated
qaid booking-, registration, (in
compounds), e.g., booking fees,
registration fees
taqyd pl. t, taqyd2
fattering, shackling, tying, binding;
reservation, qualification; limitation,
restriction, confinement, curtailment;
entry, registry, registration, booking
t. an-nas1 birth control;
rasm al-t. registration fee
taqayyud pl. -t a being bound,
obligation, tie, bond; restriction,
limitation, confinement
muqayyad fettered, shackled, bound,
tied, tied down; limited, restricted,
confined; booked, registered
unlimited, unrestricted; ( mulk)
constitutional monarchy
2
and see
II to tar, pitch ( s.th.)
qr end qr tar; pitch
qr pl. qarrt2 inch; a dry
measure (Eg. = 1/33 . = l); a
square measure (Eg. = 1/24 . =
m2); karat, a weight (Eg. = 1/16 =
. g)
al-qairawn Kairouan (city in
NE Tunisia)
( ( qsa i (qais, qiys) to measure,
gauge, measure out ( s.th.), take the
measurements ( of); to try on ( a
garment); to weigh, judge ( s.th.,
analogous conclusions ( from s.th.,
for s.th. else); to compare, correlate, bring
into relation ( or s.th. with, also
( wa-qis alaih end so forth II
to measure ( s.th.) III to compare (
between two things, s.th., or
with or to) VIII to measure ( s.th.); to
imitate, follow ( s.o.), take after s.o. ()
qiys pl. -t, aqyisa measure,
measurement, dimension; scale; exemplar,
example; reference, relation; record
(athlet.); comparison; analogy; deduction
by analogy by analogy (with
it), analogously (to it); correspondingly;
in comparison with, (as)
compared to; in proportion to, in relation
804 with; with reference to, with respect
to, with regard to; by analogy;
regular; after the model, accordant with
the model; illogical; to
take s.o.s measure (tailor);
mutansib al-q. fitting together, well
matched; equal in proportion,
commensurate, commensurable;
(lam) world record; wrong
inference, false conclusion, fallacy,
sophism, paralogism; tape
measure, tapeline
qiys accordant with analogy,
analogous; consistent with the model,
 pattern, rule, or norm; comparable, by qaina sunfish, moonfish
comparison; logical( raqm) qaiar pl. qayir2, qayira
record (athlet.) Caesar; emperor, kaiser; tsar
qayys land surveyor, geodesist qaiar Caesarean; imperial;
miqys pl. maqys2 tsarist ( amalya)
measure, measurement; amount, quantity, Caesarean section (med.)
magnitude; measuring instrument, gauge, qaiarya kaiserdom, Caesarism,
water gauge, tide gauge; scale (e.g., of a imperialism, empire; imperial dignity;
map); standard; standard of judging, tsarism; Caesarean section (med.); large
criterion; unit of measure; lock of public buildings with stores,
Nilometer substandard; O workshops, etc., roofed marked place,
m. at-tayyr ammeter; O bazaar; Caesarea (ancient seaport in
m. al-jahd voltmeter; O Palestine)
m. al-arra thermometer; O
m. az-zalzil seismograph, seismometer; ) )qa i (qai) to break, crack, split,
O m. az-zawy protactor; O cleave, burst open ( s.th); to get broken,
m. al-kahrabya crack, burst; to exchange ( s.th. for) II
electrometer; O m. al-maar to foreordain, destine ( s.th. to s.o.; of
rain gauge, pluviometer, ombrometer, God); to lead, send ( s.o., to s.o; of
ombrograph; O m. al- God) III to exchange, give in exchange (
magnaya magnetometer; m. to s.o. s.th. for) V and VII to burst,
at-tanaffus spirometer; crack, get broken, break; to collapse, fall
measures of length, linear measures; in, cave in, tumble down 805
m. al-musaat square qai eggshell; barter, exchange;
measures; O do.; article of exchange, barter object,
m. al-ajm cubic measures; m. equivalent
al-kail measures of capacity, dry
measures, liquid measures qiy barter, exchange
maqs pl. t measuring, muqyaa barter, exchange;
mensuration; gauging; measurement, barter trade, bartering; trading, barter (Isl.
dimension, size; pl. dimensions Law); compensation, barter transaction,
barter deal
muqyasa measuring,
mensuration, gauging; comparison; see
appraisal, valuation, estimation by qs Cetus (astron.)
analogy; (preliminary) estimate (of coots);
relation, rate, rates, proportion; detailed qai heat of summer; high summer, mid-
listing, specification; itemized list (of summer, dog days; lack of rain, drought,
services, quantities, prices) aridity q. an-nahr daytime heat

qaisar pl. qaysir2, qaysira maq summer residence

big, large, huge, enormous
2
qaisarya Caesarea (ancient
seaport in Palestine)
qaysirya pl. qaysir2 large
block of public buildings with stores,
workshops, etc., roofed market place,
bazaar; qaisarya2 Caesarea (ancient
seaport in Palestine)
pl. look up alphabetically
qn faience; porcelain, china
qi scorchingly hot, midsummery,
canicular
II to follow ( s.o.s tracks); to study,
examine, investigate ( s.th.); to criticize (
s.th.)
qiyfa tracking, pursuit (of a track);
make-up, guise, costume
qaiqab maple (bot.)
1
) )qla i (qail, qila, qailla,
ql) to take a midday nap; to hold siesta
 II do. IV to abolish, repeal, annul ( s.th.);
to cancel, abrogate, rescind, revoke (
s.th., esp. a sale); to depose, dismiss,
discharge ( s.o.; also with min
al-manib from his office); to free,
release, exempt ( s.o., from an
obligation)( atrataka) may (was) as if
God regard your offence as undone;
( atratih) to steady one who has
stumbled X to demand the cancellation,
seek the abrogation ( of a sale); to ask (
s.o.) for exemption, release, or annulment;
to request to be released from office,
tender ones resignation, resign ( or
from an office); to resign ones
commission, quit the service; to ask s.o.s
( )pardon, apologize ( to s.o.)
qail pl. aqyl princeling; chief,
chieftain
qailla siesta; midday nap
maql resting place, halting place
iqla cancellation, abrogation,
rescission, revocation (esp. of a sale);
abolishment, abolition, repeal, annulment;
deposition, dismissal, discharge from an
office
istiqla resignation, withdrawal
(from office); retirement
qla midday nap; noon, midday
mustaql resigned from office,
retired, discharged
2
qla, ( mya) hydrocele (med.) because of) IV to sadden, aggrieve,
and see distress, worry ( s.o.); to depress,
qain pl. quyn blacksmith
qaina pl. -t, qiyn songstress,
singer; ladys maid
muqayyina ladys maid
ka (with foll. genit.) as, like; all but, as good
as; as, in my (your, etc.) capacity of
ka-l-awwali as before, as at the
beginning, as from the outset; ka-hd
such, e.g., rajulun kahd such a
man, a man like this; gloomy, morose; grave; dark-colored,
(ka-l-mujmina) they are as good as
unanimous about it, they are 806
practically agreed on it; an
kamuslimin I (in my capacity) as a
Muslim
ka-anna (conj. introducing a
nominal clause) as if, as though; it is
ka-ann bih (with
imperf.) it is like seeing her before me; I
am under the impression that she , it
looks to me as if she ...
ka-d so, thus, that way; so and so,
such and such, so-and-so much, so-and-so
many so and so, such and such,
so-and-so much, so-and-so many;
bi-makni k. at such and such a
place; umruh k. sanawt
his age is so-and-so many years
ka-dlika so, like this, thus;
equally; likewise
ka-m (conj. introducing a verbal
clause) as, just as, as also, as on the other
hand; (introducing a main clause) equally,
likewise, as well ka-m anna
(introducing a nominal clause) as, just as
quite as, as also, as on the other hand;
such as it is; as things are, such being
the matter; if as if he were
present
madnat al-kb Cape Town
kaiba a ( kab, kaba, kaba)
to be dejected, dispirited, downcast, sad (
about, because of), be worried ( by,
dishearten, discourage ( s.o.) VIII to be
dejected, dispirited, downcast, sad (
about, because of), be worried ( by,
because of); to be gloomy
kab, kaba, kaba and
iktib sorrow, grief, distress,
sadness, dejection, depression, gloom,
melancholy
kaib and kab sad, dispirited,
dejected, downcast, depressed,
melancholy; gloomy, morose; grave
muktaib sad, dispirited, dejected,
downcast, depressed, melancholy;
blackish, dismal
1
( Fr. cable) kabil cable kf name of the letter
2
kbul2 Kabul (capital of Afghanistan) kfr camphor, camphor tree; (eg.) blue
kbl Kabuli, of Kabul; (eg.) gum (Eucalyptus globulus Lab.; bot.)
mahogany wood kkinj, kkanj alkekengi, ground cherry
( Fr. cabine) kbn pl. kabin2, (Physalis alkekengi; bot.)
kabyin2 cabin ( It. callo) kall pl. corn (on the
toes)
ktidrya cathedral
gln gallon; -- (eg.) kln and
ktlk Catholic; a Catholic; see also
kailn pl. kawln2 lock (of a door)

kawln pl. -ya locksmith
kkiya pl. kawkin butler, steward
1 kambdiy Cambodia
kd anacardium (bot.) ( hind)
cashew tree (Anacardium occidentale; ( It. cambio) kombiy rate of exchange
bot.) kmak, kmik pl. kawmik2 vinegar
2
kaada a to be sad, distressed, worried sauce, pickle; (mixed) pickles
kad2 sadness, sorrow, distress, kmr camera
grief; fear; dark night ( aqaba) kmh cameo (precious stone)
insurmountable obstacle
sq al-kant rag fair, secondhand
kad: ( aqaba) market
insurmountable obstacle
kantn post exchange, canteen
( Fr. cadre) kdir cadre (of a
military unit, of a governmental agency, khiya pl. kawhin chief officer of a
of a corporation, etc.), skeleton kihya (Tun.); deputy, vice-, under-,
organization, skeleton unit, skeleton crew sub- (Tun.)
(of a naval unit) kautuq rubber, caoutchouc
kadmiyom cadmium kabba u (kabb) to prostrate, throw prostrate
kr pl. -t work, job, occupation, ( li-wajhih or s.o.); to
business; calling, vocation, profession, overturn, overthrow, topple, upset,
trade ibn k. (eg.) artisan, capsize, turn upside down, revert, invert (
craftsman; artisans, craftsmen; s.th.); to pour out, pour away ( a
adwat al-k. professional liquid) II to ball, roll or form into a ball,
jealousy, trade rivalry 807 conglomerate ( s.th.) IV to throw down,
prostrate, bend down, bow down ( s.o.);
kartn cardboard, pasteboard; (pl. -t)
to throw o.s. down, prostrate o.s.; to bend,
carton
bow, lean ( over s.th.); to apply o.s.
kardnl pl. kardila cardinal eagerly, devote o.s., dedicate o.s. ( to
= karr curry s.th.) VII to fall prostrate ( ;) to
throw o.s. down, prostrate o.s.; to bend,
karktrya caricature, cartoon bow, lean ( over); to apply o.s. eagerly,
= gz gas devote o.s., dedicate o.s. ( to); to nestle
( against); to be reverted, be inverted,
kzn pl. kznht casino be overturned, be upset, be toppled, get
kas f., pl. kus, kis, knocked over; to be poured away
kast cup; drinking glass, tumbler; ( qadamaihi) to throw o.s. at s.o.s
goblet; chalice, calix; calyx (bot.) feet, prostrate o.s. before s.o.
kst cassata (Italian ice cream) kabb prostration; overthrow,
overturn, reversal; bending, tilting,
kgi (mor.) paper inclination
 kubba pl. kubab ball; clew,
hank; ball of thread, hank of yarn; (syr.,
ir.) a kind of meatballs made of bulgur,
onions, minced meat and pions; (eg.)
bubo, plague boil
kabb fried or broiled meat;
cabobs, meat roasted in small pieces on a
skewer; a kind of meatballs made of finely
chopped meat (syr., eg.) ( n;
eg.) cubeb (Piper cubeba Tr.; bot.)
kabba, kubba cubeb (Piper
cubeba; bot.)
( eg.) kubba a kind of meatballs,
hamburgers ( eg.) baked s.th., esp. losses); to culminate, pass
potato dough stuffed with minced meat,
meat patties
kubbya pl. -t drinking glass,
tumbler 808
mikabb pl. -t, makbb2 ball
of thread, hank of yarn; reel of thread,
bobbin, spool, reel
ikbb devotion, dedication ( to
s.th.); occupation ( with), pursuit (
of)
inkibb devotion, dedication (
to s.th.); occupation ( with), pursuit (
of)
mukibb devoted, dedicated,
addicted, given over ( to), intent (
on), wholeheartedly engaged ( in)
munkabb devoted, dedicated,
addicted, given over ( to), intent (
on), wholeheartedly engaged ( in)
( Fr. cabaret) kabrh pl. -t cabaret
1
kabata i (kabt) to put down, crush,
suppress, repress, stifle, subdue, restrain,
curb ( s.th.) ( gaiah greater, bigger or larger; to become
f jaufih) to suppress ones anger;
( anfsah) to get s.o. out of breath
kabt suppression, repression
2
kabbt pl. kabbt2 hood, cowl; painful, too distressing, too burdensome;
hooded mantle; top of a carriage or
automobile
kabtla lump, chunk; ball; pellet
mukabtal round
( Engl.) kabtan captain (military rank)
kabaa a (kab) to rein in ( a horse); to
check, curb, control ( s.th.); to hamper,
hinder, prevent, detain, restrain, hold back
( s.o. from) ( jimah) to
curb s.o.s defiance, repress s.o. or s.th.
kab curbing, checking, subdual,
restraint, control; suppression, repression;
hindering, prevention
O mikba brake (of an automobile)
kabada u i (kabd) to affect severely, afflict
gravely, wear out, wear down ( s.o.; of
pain, losses, etc.) II to cause ( to s.o.
s.th., esp. losses), inflict ( upon s.o.
through the meridian (star); to reach its
climax III to bear, suffer, endure, undergo,
sustain, stand ( s.th.) V to bear, suffer,
endure, undergo, sustain, stand ( losses,
hardships, etc.); to have to take upon o.s. (
s.th.), be exposed ( to); to bear, defray
( costs); to take up the center, step into
the middle ( of a place); to be in the
zenith, culminate
kabid, kabd, kibd m. and f., pl.
akbd, kubd liver; interior, heart;
middle, center; -- kabid, kabad center of
the sky, zenith
kubd liver ailment
kabbd, kubbd name of several
citrus plants (Citrus medica Risso, Citrus
Bigaradia Duh., also Zollikoferia spinosa
B.; eg.); kabbd (syr.) citron (Citrus
medica)
1
kabara u (kabr) to exceed in age ( s.o.
by), be older ( than s.o., so-and-so
much); -- kabura u (kubr, kibar,
kabra) to be or become great, big, large;
to grow, increase, augment, become
famous, gain significance, become
important; to become too great, too big,
toe large ( for s.th.); to disdain (
s.th.); to become toe oppressive, too
to appear intolerable ( to s.o.); to
become too difficult, too hard ( for
s.o.), appear insurmountable ( to s.o.) II
to make great(er), big(ger), large(r),
enlarge, magnify, enhance, aggrandize (
s.th.); to extend, expand, widen, amplify (
 s.th.); to increase, augment ( s.th.); to single detail; k. a-ubb
intensify ( s.th.); 809 to exaggerate, play senior officers; k. al-
up ( s.th.); to aggravate, make worse ( muwaafn senior officials; k.
s.th.); to praise, laud, extol, exalt, glorify, al-hait the leading personalities of
celebrate ( s.o., s.th.); to exclaim public corporations
allhu akbar III to treat haughtily, with kabra pl. -t, kabir2,
disdain, with contempt ( s.o.); to seek to kubur great sin, grave offense, Atrocious
excel, try to surpass, strive to outdo (
crime
s.o.); to contend, vie, strive, contest ( with
s.o.); to oppose, resist, contradict ( s.o.); kubr, kubbr very great, very big,
to renege, renounce ( s.th.), offend ( huge
against), act contrary ( to); to stickle, kibriy grandeur, glory,
insist stubbornly on ones opinion IV to magnificence, majesty; pride, haughtiness,
consider great, deem significant, regard as presumption, arrogance
formidable ( s.th.); to praise, laud, extol
( s.o.); to show respect ( to s.o.), he akbar2 pl. -n, akbir2, f.
deferential ( toward s.o.); to admire ( kubr, pl. kubrayt greater, bigger,
s.th.) V and VI to be proud or haughty, larger; older; senior-ranking
give o.s. airs, swagger; to be overweening, (muft) grand mufti; ( sriy)
overbearing ( toward s.o.) X to deem Greater Syria; a. al-qaum the
great or important ( s.th.); to be proud, leaders of the people; the
haughty, display arrogance ( toward grandees and notables
s.o.) takbr enlargement, increase,
kibr bigness, largeness, magnitude; augmentation, magnification;
greatness, eminence, grandeur; enhancement, aggrandizement;
significance, importance; standing, intensification, amplification;
prestige; nobility; pride, haughtiness, exaggeration; augmentative (gram.);
presumption, arrogance praise, laudation, extolment, exaltation,
glorification; the exclamation
kubr greatness, eminence, grandeur; allhu akbar
bigness, largeness, magnitude; size, bulk,
extent, expanse; power, might; glory, mukbara haughtiness,
fame, renown, standing, prestige; nobility; superciliousness, overweening,
main part, bulk overbearingness; self-importance,
pomposity; stubbornness, obstinacy, self-
kibar bigness, largeness, will
magnitude; greatness, eminence,
grandeur; old age ikbr admiration; deference,
respect, regard, esteem
kabra old age
takabbur and takbur pride,
kabr pl. kibr, kubar2 haughtiness, presumption, arrogance
great, big, large, sizable; bulky,
voluminous, spacious; extensive, mukabbir pl. -t O amplifier (el.)
comprehensive; significant, considerable, m. a-aut or
formidable, huge, vast, enormous; (aut) 810 loud-speaker (radio);
powerful, influential, distinguished, ( nara) magnifying glass
eminent; important; old mukabbira pl. -t magnifying
k. umara al-b. Admiral of the Fleet (Eg.); glass
k. al-kadam female head of the
houaehold staff; k. al-asqifa mukabbar enlarged, magnified
archbishop; k. as-sinn old; ( ra) enlargement, blowup
k. al-quh chief justice, chief (phot.); increasingly, on a
magistrate; ( ab) asafetida, devils larger scale, to an increasing degree
dung (pharm.); every
 mukbir presumptuous, arrogant, qun cotton press; O letter
supercilious, haughty, overweening; press, copying press; O ( m)
quarrelsome, contentious, cantankerous; hydraulic press
self-willed, obstinate, stubborn; stickler takbs massage
mutakabbir proud, imperious, O la kbisa compressor
high-handed, haughty, supercilious,
overweening makbs raided, attacked;
2 pressed; preserved, pickled;
kabar capers; caper shrub canned goods, conserves
kabrata to coat with sulfur ( s.th.); to kabsl or kabsla capsule;
sulfurize, sulfurate ( s.th.); to vulcanize ( percussion cap, primer, detonator; snap
s.th.) fastener
kibrt sulfur; matches kabaa u (kab) to take a handful ( of
d k. matches, a match s.th.); to grasp with the hand, clench (
kibrta match, matchstick s.th.)
kibrt sulfureous, sulfurate, kab pl. kib, akb
sulfurous, sulfuric ( ammm) ram, male sheep; bellwether; chieftain,
sulfur bath; ( yanb) sulfur chief, head, leader; battering-ram; pile
spring driver; rammer; (pl. kub)buttress,
pier, stay, prop, support; mulberry
kibrtt sulfate
k. at-tadum (pl. )bumper
kubr or ( from Turk. kpr) pl. (railroad); k. qaranful cloves
kabr bridge; deck
kaba a handful; grasp, grip
kabasa i (kabs) to exert pressure ( on),
press ( s.th. or on s.th.), squeeze ( kaba ladle, scoop
s.th.); to attack, raid, take by surprise ( a kuba pl. kuba hook, clamp,
place); to intercalate ( as-sanata cramp, brace; clasp, brooch 811
bi-yaumin a day in a leap year); kabkaba to topple, upset, capsize,
to preserve (in vinegar, or the like), overturn, turn upside down, revert, invert (
pickle ( s.th.); to marinate ( s.th.); to s.th.); to spill ( s.th.)
conserve ( s.th.) II to press or squeeze kabkaj Asiatic crowfoot (Ranunculus
hard ( s.th.); to massage ( s.o.) Asiaticus; bot.)
kabs pressure, squeeze, pressing; 1
kabala i (kabl) to put in irons, shackle,
raid, attack; preservation (esp. in vinegar), fetter ( s.o.); to keep waiting ( s.o., for
pickling; intercalation (of a day; astron.) s.th., esp. for the payment of a debt) II to
kabsa (n. vic.) raid, surprise attack put in irons, shackle, fetter ( s.o.) III to
keep waiting ( s.o., for s.th., esp. for the
kabbas piston; press; ramrod O
payment of a debt), defer, put off ( ad-
( ms) penknife
daina the payment of a debt)
kabs preserved (esp. in vinegar),
kabl, kibl pl. kubl leg iron,
pickled; pickled food, preserves;
chain, shackle, fetter
intercalary, intercalated, interpolated
( sana) leap year kabl and kbl pl.
kawbl2 bracket, corbel, console (arch.);
kbs pl. kawbs2 night-
lean to roof, pent roof, shed roof (arch.)
mare, incubus; terrible vision, phantom,
2
bugbear and look up alphabetically
mikbas pl. makbis2 or pl. look up alphabetically
mikbs pl. makbs2 press; piston ( ( kab u (kabw, kubw) to fall forward (
(of a pump); ramrod m. al- li-wajhih on ones face); to stumble,
 trip, slip; -- u to empty ( a vessel), pour marriage contract); book; the Koran;
out the contents ( of a vessel); to become the Bible ahl a1-k. the people
dim (light); to become dull, fade, lose of the Book, the adherents of a revealed
luster (color); to rise, swirl up (dust) IV to religion, the kitabis, i.e., Christians and
fail, fail to produce a spark (lighter) VII to Jews; k. az-zawj marriage
fail headlong; to stumble, trip, slip contract; k. a-alq bill of
divorce; ( talm) textbook;
kabwa (n. vic.) fall, tumble, drop;
credentials (dipl.); library
stumble, trip, slip, false step; dust
kutub pl. -ya bookseller, book-
kbin dull, dim, pale, dead, flat;
dealer 812
slack, weak, decrepit; see
alphabetically kitbkna and kutubkna
library; bookstore
see
kuttb pl. kattb2 kuttab,
see 2
Koran school (lowest elementary school)
katta i (katt) to hum softly
kutayyib booklet
katt and katt soft humming
kitba (act or practice of) writing;
katlg pl. -t catalogue art of writing, penmanship; system of
kataba u (katb, kitba, kitba) to writing, script; inscription; writing,
write, pen, write down, put down in legend; placard, poster; piece of writing,
writing, note down, inscribe, enter, record, record, paper; secretariat; written amulet,
book, register ( s.th.); to compose, draw charm; pl. writings, essays;
up, indite, draft ( s.th.); to bequeath, kitbatan in writing written;
make over by will ( s.th. to s.o.); to bi-dn k. unwritten, oral; blank;
prescribe ( s.th. to s.o.); to historiography, historical writing;
foreordain, destine ( or s.th. to s.o.; k. ad-daula (Magr.) secretariat
of God); pass. kutiba to be rated, be of stae; ( mma) secretariat
foreordained, be destined ( to s.o.) general; ism al-k. pen name, nom
to be firmly resolved to ..., de plume; typewriter;
make it ones duty to ...; to write lugat al-k. literary language;
from s.o.s dictation; ( kitbah) to waraq al-k. writing paper
draw up the marriage contract for s.o., kitb written, in writing; clerical;
marry s.o. ( to) II to make ( s.o.) write literary; scriptural, relating to the revealed
( s.th.); to form or deploy in squadrons ( Scriptures (Koran, Bible); kitabi, adherent
troops) III to keep up a correspondence, of a revealed religion; the written part (of
exchange letters, correspond ( with s.o.) an examination) ( uslb)
IV to dictate ( to s.o. s.th.), make ( literary style; ( gala) slip of the
s.o.) write ( s.th.) VI to write to each pen, clerical error; clerical
other, exchange letters, keep up a work, office work, desk work;
correspondence VII to subscribe VIII to (kaml) literary perfection; ( luga)
write ( s.th.); to copy ( s.th.), make a literary language; ( muwaaf)
copy ( of s.th.); to enter ones name; to clerk, clerical worker (of a government
subscribe ( for); to contribute, subscribe ( office)
money to); to be entered, be recorded,
be registered X to ask ( s.o.) to write ( katba pl. katib2 squadron;
s.th.); to dictate ( to s.o. s.th.), make ( cavalry detachment; (Eg. 1939) battalion,
s.o.) write ( s.th.); to have a copy made ( (Ir. after 1922) regiment, (later) battalion,
by s.o.) (Syr.) battalion of armored, cavalry, or
motorized, unite (mil.); (piece of) writing,
kitb pl. kutub piece of record, paper, document; written amulet
writing, record, paper; letter, note,
message; document, deed; contract (esp. maktab pl. maktib2 office;
bureau; business office; study; school,
 elementary school; department, agency, s.th.) II to tie the hands behind the back;
office; desk and to cross, fold ( hands, arms behind the
news agency, press agency, wire service; back or in front of the chest) V and X to
post office; cross or fold ones arms VI to stand
(ras) main post office; m. al- shoulder to shoulder; to support one
barq telegraph office; editorial another; to be united in solidarity, stand
room; telephone central together
office; m. as-safaryt (syr.) katif, katf, kitf pl. aktf,
travel agency; m. a-ia kitafa shoulder; shoulder blade, scapula;
board of health; mountain slope; O end support of a
information office, information desk; bridge; (pl. aktf) buttress, pier
news agency, press agency, wire service ( tukalu) thats certainly not
maktaba pl. -t, maktib2 the way to do it! thats no way to handle
library; bookstore; desk it!
O miktb typewriter kitf pl. kutuf shackle,
manacle, handcuff
muktaba exchange of letters,
correspondence aktaf2, f. katf2, pl. kutf
broad-shouldered
iktitb enrollment, registration,
1
entering (of ones name); -- (pl. -t) katkat floss, silk waste
subscription; contribution (of funds) 2
katkt pl. katkt2 chicken, chick
istiktb dictation
katala u (katl) and II to agglomerate,
istiktb: dictaphone conglomerate, gather into a compact mass,
ktib pl. -n, kuttb, press into a lump ( s.th.) V to be heaped
kataba writer; scribe, scrivener; secretary; up, piled up, agglomerated, clustered,
clerk typist; office worker, clerical clotted, massed, pressed into a compact
employee; clerk, registrar, actuary, court mass or lump; to agglomerate, cluster,
clerk; notary; writer, author k. clot, pile up, gather in a mass; to unite in a
ad-daula (Mag.) (under)secretary of state; bloc or group
k. s-sirr private secretary; kutla pl. kutal lump, chunk,
( qia) writer, novelist; clod, clot; bulk, mass; cube; block; bloc;
k. al-mahkama court clerk; beam, joist, transom, lintel, girder
typewriter ( baarya) crowds, throngs, masses;
ktiba pl. -t woman secretary; kutlat al-jasad bulk of the body,
frame; ( ab) a fearless,
authoress, writer
husky fellow; ( waanya) the
maktb written, written down, National Bloc
recorded; fated, foreordained, destined (
miktal pi. makatil2 large
or to s.o.); s.th. written, writing; -- (pl.
basket
maktb2) a writing, message, note;
letter takattul formation of blocs (pol.)
policy of blocs (pol.)
muktib correspondent;
(newspaper) reporter mutakattil clotted, lumpy,
agglomerate, clustered, massed;
muktatib subscriber 813
concentrated, compact; burly, husky,
and see stocky, heavily built (body)
akta pl. kut having crippled fingers; katama u (katm, kitmn) to hide (
one-armed s.th., from s.o.); to conceal, secrete,
katafa i (katf) to fetter, shackle ( s.o., esp. keep secret ( s.th., from s.o.); to
by tying his hands); to tie up, bind ( suppress, repress, restrain, check, curb,
subdue ( anger, passion); to hold (
 ones breath); to lower, muffle ( the
voice); to stifle, smother, quench ( fire)
to take s.o.s breath away, drive
s.o. out of his senses II to hide, conceal (
s.th.) III to hide, conceal, keep, withhold (
from s.o. s.th.) V to keep silent, hold
ones tongue, keep mum VIII = II X to ask
( s.o.) to keep ( a secret); to confide (
to s.o. s.th.)
katm and kitmn secrecy,
concealment, secretion, silence; restraint,
control, suppression (esp. of an emotion)
katm shut tight, hermetically
sealed, impenetrable, impermeable,
impervious
katm reticent, reserved, secretive,
uncommunicative, taciturn, discreet
kitm (eg.) constipation
takattum secrecy, secretiveness,
reticence, reserve, taciturnity, discretion
iktitm concealment, secretion,
secrecy, silence
ktim: k. as-sirr (private)
secretary
maktm hidden, concealed, kept,
preserved (secret); (eg.) constipated 814
1
katina a (katan) to be dirty, soiled,
smutty, blackened by soot II to smut, soil (
s.th.)
katan dirt, smut, soot
2
kattn (kittn) flax; linen
kattn made of linen, linen (adj.)
3
( It. catena) katna (watch) chain
katta i a ( katat, katta, comparative) far, by far;
kutta) to be thick or dense (esp. hair)
katat thickness, density
katt and katt thick, dense,
thick-grown, densely crowded
katab nearness, proximity, vicinity
and in the vicinity (or gummifer Lab.; bot.); gum obtained from
neighborhood) of, near; )( from
nearby, at a short distance
katb pl. aktiba, kutub, frequently; more numerous; longer; most;
kutbn sandhill, dune
katara u (katr) to outnumber, exceed in
number ( , s.o., s.th.) katura u (
katra) to be much, many or numerous; to
be more ( than); to happen frequently,
occur often; to increase, augment,
multiply, grow II to increase, augment,
compound, multiply ( s.th.) III to
outnumber, exceed in number ( , s.o.,
s.th.); to vie in quantity or number ( ,
with) IV to do much ( in or of s.th.); to
give much or frequently ( to s.o. of
s.th.); to do constantly,
always or frequently ( or s.th.); to
increase, augment ( s.th.) VI to band
together, form a gang, rally ( against)
X = IV; to regard as too much, deem
excessive, find exorbitant ( s.th.); to
regard as too high, as too troublesome (
s.th.); to think not worth the trouble (
s.th., with regard to s.o.); to begrudge
( s.o. s.th.); to demand much, ask for
a lot ( bi-kairih) to thank s.o.
kutr large quantity, abundance,
plenty; major portion, greater part
katra large quantity, great number,
multitude, abundance, copiousness,
numerousness, frequency, multiplicity,
plurality; majority, major portion ( of)
plentifully, abundantly, a lot;
jam al-k. plural of multitude (gram.)
katr pl. kitr much, many,
numerous, abundant, plentiful, copious;
frequent; a large portion, a great deal, a
great many, a lot; the most part, most
( of); katran very, much, to a large
extent; often, frequently katran
m often, frequently; ( after a
the majority of, most of; plenty of, a
great many, a lot of; too much for;
most of it; thats pretty
strong! thats laying it on thick!
and frequently, often
katr2 tragacanth (Astragalus
tragacanth
aktar2 more; oftener, more
major portion, greater part, majority;
the majority, most of them
more and more; at most;
latest; aktara l-amr at best; II takatlaka to become (a) Catholic
besides, moreover
aktarya majority
miktr very talkative, garrulous
taktr increase, augmentation,
multiplication. propagation, ample
provision, abundant supply
iktr increase, augmentation,
multiplication, propagation, ample
provision, abundant supply; raising,
increase (esp. of the yield) 815
taktur growth, increase;
multiplication, propagation, proliferation
muktir rich, well-to-do
mutaktir numerous, extensive;
manifold, multifarious, multiple
m. ar-riq patched in numerous
places
katufa u ( katfa) to be thick or
dense; to thicken, be condensed, become
thicker or denser II to make thick or
dense, thicken, compress, solidify,
concentrate ( s.th.); to inspissate,
condense ( s.th.); O (el.) to increase the
capacity V and VI to grow denser, become
concentrated; to thicken, become viscous;
to be condensed
katf pl. kitf thick; dense;
compact; heavy, coarse, crude; viscous,
sirupy (e.g., sauce)
katfa thickness; density;
heaviness; solidity, firmness;
compactness, fullness, intensity;
consistency, degree of density or
viscosity; O capacity (el.) k.
as-sukkn density of population; O
k. a-aut sonority, sound intensity
taktf compression, concentration,
solidification; condensation
taktuf concentration,
consolidation; condensation
mukattif pl. -t capacitor,
condenser ( mutagayyir)
variable capacitor (radio)
mukattaf condensed
mutahtif massing,
concentrating, gathering, piling up; dense
katlk pl. katlaka
Catholic; a Catholic
al-katlaka Catholicism
katr2 tragacanth (Astragalus gummifer
Lab.; bot.); gum obtained from tragacanth
kaa u to cough
kua cough
kaata a and II (eg.) to scrape off, scratch
off ( s.th.)
kakaa to cough, cough slightly, hack
kakaa short, dry cough
kaala u a (kal) and II to rub, paint or
smear (with kohl) ( the eyes) V and VIII
to color (the edges of) the eyelids with
kohl ( ) )gaman,
giman, guman) to find no sleep
kul pl. akl antimony; kohl,
a preparation of pulverized antimony used
for darkening (the edges of) the eyelids;
any preparation for coloring the eyelids
kaal black coloring (of the edges)
of the eyelids
kail darkened with kohl, dyed
black (eyelids)
kul dark blue, navy blue
kula (eg.) pointing, filling or
grouting of the joints (of a wall; masonry)
akal2, f. kal2, pl.
kul black (eye); the medial arm
vein
kal (eg.) a variety of blueweed
(Echium cericeum V.; bot.)
kal pl. kail2 black, dyed
black, darkened with kohl (eyelid); horse
of noblest breed
kul alcohol, spirit
kul alcoholic, spirituous
kuail and kuailn horse
of noblest bread 816
kil antimony powder, eye
powder
kal eye doctor, oculist (old
designation)
 mikal and mikl kohl
stick, pencil for darkening the eyelids
mikala pl. makil2 kohl
container, kohl jar; solar quadrant; (syr.)
rifle, gun
takl treatment of the eyes with
kohl
kil pl. kawil2 anklebone roily, roiled; dull, flat, dingy, grimy
kikya and kkiya pl. kawkin
butler, steward
kadda u (kadd) to work hard, exert
o.s., toil, labor, slave; to fatigue, wear out,
overwork, exhaust, weary, tire ( s.o.) II to
chase away, drive away ( s.o.) VIII and X
to urge, drive, rush ( s.o.); to wear out,
overwork, exhaust, weary, tire ( s.o.)
kadd trouble, pains, labor, toil, hard
work
kadd industrious, hard-working,
diligent
makdd worn out, exhausted,
overworked
kadaa a (kad) to exert o.s., work hard,
toil, labor, slave ( in or with s.th.) VIII
to earn a living ( li-iylih for ones
family)
kad exertion, toil, labor, drudgery
1
kadura u and kadira a (kadar,
kadra, kudra, kudr,
kudra) to be turbid, roily, muddy, roiled
(liquid); -- kadira a (kadar, kudra) to
be muddy, cloudy, blackish, dingy, flat,
swarthy, grimy (color); (kadar,
kudra) to be dreary, unhappy (life); to be
angry ( with s.o.) II to render turbid, to
roil, muddy ( s.th.), trouble, disturb,
spoil, ruffle ( s.th., for s.o., e.g.,
s.o.s peace of mind); to grieve, worry,
trouble, vex, irritate, annoy, molest,
disturb, distress ( s.o.) V to be turbid,
roily, muddy, roiled, troubled; to be angry,
be sore ( at s.th.), feel offended, be
annoyed, be displeased ( by s.th.), be
peeved ( at, about) VII to become
turbid, muddy, dull, flat; to swoop down
(bird)
kadar turbidity, muddiness,
cloudiness, opaqueness, roiledness; worry,
sorrow, grief, distress, vexation, irritation,
annoyance
kudra turbidity, muddiness,
cloudiness, roiledness, impurity; dingy
color, dinginess
kadara clod of dirt, filth
kadir and kadr turbid, muddy,
(color); worried, troubled, disturbed
akdar2, f. kadr2, pl. kudr
dingy, swarthy, dark-colored
takdr roiling, troubling, ruffling;
offending, offense, affront, indignity
mutakaddir angry, sore, peeved (
at), annoyed. Irritated, offended ( by)
2
look up alphabetically
kadasa i (kads) and II to pile up, heap up,
accumulate, amass ( s.th.); to cram
together, press together, compress (
s.th.) V to be heaped up, be piled up; to
pile up, accumulate (intr.); to press
together, get crammed up
kuds pl. akds heap, pile;
stack (of grain, hay, etc.)
kudds pl. kadds2 heap,
pile; stack (of grain, hay, etc.)
kudsa heap, pile, stack
takds accumulation; stacking 817
kadaa i (kad) to gain, earn
kad pl. kud cart horse, nag,
jade
kadama a i (kadm) to bite (with the front
teeth); to bruise, contuse
kadma pl. kadamt bite; wound
caused by a bite; bruise, contusion
kad i (kady) to give little, skimp, stint II
to beg IV = I
kudya begging, mendicity
ka-d see ka
kadaba i (kidb, kadib, kadba, kidba)
to lie; to deceive, delude, mislead; to tell (
or s.o.) a lie, to lie ( or to s.o.) II
to accuse of lying, call a liar ( s.o.),
disbelieve s.o., give the lie to s.o. ( ;)to
disprove, refute, disown, deny ( or
 s.th.) he did not hesitate to
do so IV to cause ( s.o.) to lie; to call a
liar, prove a liar ( s.o.), give the lie ( to
s.o.)
kidb, kadib and kadba, kidba
lie; deceit, falsehood, untruth
April fools joke
kadb liar
kaddb liar, swindler; lying,
untruthful; false, deceitful
ukdba pl. akdb2 lie
akdab2 a greater liar, more
mendacious, more untruthful, falser
( musailimata) a greater liar
than Musailima (proverbially of a liar)
takdb denial
kdib liar; lying, untruthful; false,
deceptive, fallacious, delusive, specious,
sham, make-believe ( amal)
fallacious hope; ( balg) slander,
defamation (jur.)
makdb false, untrue, fabricated,
trumped up
see ka
1
see 2
2
karra u (karr, kurr, takrr) to karr pl. -t pantry, storeroom; cellar
turn around and attack ( s.o., s.th.); to
return, come back, recur; to withdraw,
retreat, fall back; to attack ( s.o.), bear
down ( upon); -- a ( karr) to rattle
in the throat II to repeat, reiterate, do
again, do repeatedly ( s.th.); to pose over
and over again ( a question, to s.o.),
ask ( s.o.) repeatedly ( a question); to
clarify, filter ( s.th.); to rectify, purify (
s.th.); to refine ( sugar, etc.) V to be
repeated, be reiterated, recur; to be
rectified, be purified, be refined
karr attack, charge ( farr)
attack and retreat (in battle);
alternately, intermittently, by fits and
starts, by jerks; and
( k. az-zamn) in the course of time
karra attack; return, comeback,
recurrence; -- (pl. -t) one time (= ;)a
hundred thousand; karratan once;
sometimes, at times; at a time
karratan ukr a second time, once more;
repeatedly, time and again
look up alphabetically
kurr return, comeback,
recurrence; succession, sequence, order
karr rattle in the throat
kurrrya pl. -t (eg.) spool,
bobbin, reel
makarr pl. -t reel
takrr repetition, reiteration;
classification, rectification, purification,
refinement; refining
mamal t. as-sukkar sugar refinery
takrr repetition, reiteration;
takrran repeatedly, frequently, quite
often ( mirran) repeatedly,
time and again 818
mukarrar repeated, reiterated;
following twice (number), bis (after a
number); a multiple; rectified, purified,
refined ( sukkar) refined sugar;
page 37b
mutakarrir recurring, recurrent,
reiterated, reiterative; repeated, frequent
gar pl. -t garage (syr.)
karfatta neoktie, cravat
karkfiy Cracow (city in S Poland)
( Fr. caramel) karaml caramel candy
1
karaba u (karb) to oppress, distress,
grieve, worry, trouble, fill with concern (
s.o.); to overburden ( a beast of burden)
IV to hurry, hasten, rush VII and VIII to
be worried, grieved, troubled, distressed,
anxious, apprehensive, feel concern, be
afraid
karb pl. kurb worry,
sorrow, care, grief; apprehension, concern,
anxiety, fear; distress, trouble; pain,
torment, torture, agony
kurba pl. kurab worry,
sorrow, care, grief; apprehension. concern,
anxiety, fear; distress, trouble; pain,
torment, torture, agony
 makrb sad, worried, grieved, krita pl. kawrit2 disaster,
sorrowful, distressed; apprehensive, catastrophe k. al-amr
anxious, alarmed, fearful, troubled, natural catastrophe, torrential rains
scared, confused; see alphabetically al-kurj the Georgians
muktarib sad, worried, grieved, kurj Georgian (adj and n.) 819
sorrowful, distressed; apprehensive,
anxious, alarmed, fearful, troubled, kir pl. akr monks cell
soared, confused karkna pl. -t, karkn
2
kreb crepe k. dn and workshop, factory; (eg.) brothel
k. n crepe de Chine karknj artisan, craftsman
3
karb and karb pl. -n, al-kurd the Kurds Kurdistan
krbm cherub, archangel
kurd Kurdish; (pl. akrd)
kurbj, kirbj pl. karbj2 whip, Kurd jabal al-a. the Kurdish
lash, riding whip, kurbash mountains, Kurdistan
kirbs pl. karbs2 a white cotton kirdn pl. kardn2 necklace
fabric
kardasa to heap up, pile up ( s.th.); to
kirbl pl. karbl2 teasing bow (for crowd together, cram together (, s.o.,
combing or carding cotton); coarse sieve s.th.) II takardasa to be heaped up, be
karbal2 Karbala (holy city of the piled up; to flock together, crowd together
Shiites in central Iraq) ( Fr. cordon) kordn pl. -t cordon;
( Fr. carbon) karbn coal ribbon, braid, lace, trimming
waraq k. carbon paper (i) sanitary cordon
1
1
kurt (eg.) = karaza i ( kurz) to hide, seek refuge
2 ( with)
akrat2 curly, kinky (hair)
2
1 karaza (karz) to preach, spread (
kartana to put under quarantine, to bi-l-injl the Gospel)
quarantine ( s.o.) II takartana to be put
under quarantine, be quarantined karz and karza sermon,
2 preaching of the Gospel
kartn pl. kartin2 cardboard, (marqusya) the missionary province of
pasteboard; carton St. Mark, the jurisdiction of the Coptic
karata u i (kart) to oppress, Patriarchate
depress, distress, worry, trouble ( s.o.); to takrz pl. takrz
concern, affect, move ( s.o.) IV do. VIII consecration, benediction (Chr.)
to care ( for), heed, bear in mind ( s.th.),
pay attention ( to), take an interest ( in) kriz preacher
3
kart oppressed, depressed, karaz (coll.; n. un. )cherry
distressed, anguished, worried, troubled, karaz cherry-red
vexed, annoyed 1
II to lay the foundation ( of a building)
karrt, kurrt leek (Allium V to stick together, cohere
parrum L.; bot.)
kurs pl. karsy,
iktirt attention, notice, concern, karsin chair; throne, see; seat;
interest qillat al-ikt. professorial chair; base, pedestal, socle;
indifference bearing (techn.) k. bl and
krit oppressive, grievous, painful ( bill) hall bearing; revolving
stool, swivel chair; ( rasl)
the Apostolic See; chaise
longue; deck chair; k. l-malik
 royal throne; k. l-mamlaka
capital, metropolis; ( hazzz)
rocking chair; ustd k. full
professor
kurrsa pl. -t, karrs2 quire;
booklet; notebook, copy book;
sketchbook; brochure; installment,
fascicle (of a book)
2
II to consecrate, dedicate, inaugurate,
open ceremonially ( s.th.; Chr.); to
hallow, sanctify ( e.g., principles); to
dedicate, devote ( s.th. to s.o.)
takrs consecration, dedication,
ceremonial inauguration (Chr.); devoting,
dedication
mukarras consecrated; dedicated
holy water (Chr.)
2
kurs pl. kars carpal end of
the ulna, carpal bone, wristbone
karsafa to hamstring, hook ( an
animal)
kirsinna, kirsanna variety of vetch (bot.)
karia a (kara) to be wrinkled,
shriveled, crumpled, crinkled, puckered;
to shrivel, form wrinkles, be drawn into
wrinkle II to wrinkls ones face, knit ones
brows, frown V = I
kir, kari f., pl. akr, ( s.th.); to rumble (stomach); to tickle
kur stomach (primarily of ruminants =
craw); paunch; belly
kira (eg.) tripe, intestines
( eg.) kra a thin, crinkled fabric;
crepe
2
akra and mukri
potbellied, paunchy
karn Karshuni, Arabic
written in Syriac characters 820
look up alphabetically; , karakn (eg.) police station
ibid.
karaa and karia a (kar, kur) to
sip V to wash ones feet, perform the
partial ablution of the legs (in preparation
for prayer); to belch, burp, eruct
kara (n. vic.) sipping, sip,
swallow
kur m. and f., pl. akru,
akri2 foot, trotter (esp. of sheep or
oxen); leg; extremity a. al-
ar the remotest areas of the earth
takra belching, eructation
kri pl. kawri foot, trotter;
ankle, anklebone; pl. (eg.) dish prepared
of sheeps trotters
karafs celery (Apium graveolens L.;
bot.)
1
kurk (syr.) fur
2
karaka distilling apparatus, distilling
flask, retort
3
kurk pl. karky crane (zool.); (
( ( samak) al-k. pike (zool.)
4
karrka pl. -t dredging machine,
dredge; penitentiary
5
look up alphabetically
karkaba (eg.) to throw into disorder,
upset, confuse, disturb (III s.th.); to make
a noise
karkaba disorder, confusion,
muddle, jumble
karkaddan, karkadann rhinoceros
( bar) narwhal (zool.)
karkara to repeat, reiterate, do repeatedly
( ak) to burst into loud
laughter, roar with laughter
karkara loud laughter; rumbling
(of the stomach)
kurkum (bot.) turmeric (Curcuma longa
L.; plant and rootstock); curoumin
karkand spinel ruby (gem); (eg.) lobster
(zool.)
karakz shadow play
1
karuma u (karam, karama,
karma) to be noble, high-minded, noble-
hearted, magnanimous, generous, liberal,
munificent; to be precious II to call noble
and high-minded ( s.o.); to honor, revere,
venerate, treat with deference ( s.o.); to
exalt ( s.o. above another), bestow
honor ( upon s.o. before others)
( wajhah) may God honor him I
III to vie in generosity ( s.o.); to meet
reverentially, with deference, politely (
s.o.) IV to call noble and high-minded (
s.o.); to honor ( s.o.): to treat
reverentially, with deference, politely,
hospitably ( s.o.), bestow honors ( upon
s.o.); to prove o.s. to he high-minded and
generous; to honor, present ( s.o. with),
confer ( upon s.o. s.th.) V to feign
generosity; to show ones generous side;
to be noble; to be friendly, kind, kindly; to
be so kind, have the kindness ( to do
s.th., with regard to or in behalf of
s.o.); to present ( s.o. with),
graciously bestow ( upon s.o. s.th.)
karm (coll.) pl. kurm vine,
grapes, grapevines; vineyard; garden,
orchard bint al-k. wine
karma grapevine, vine
karam noble nature; high-
mindedness, noble-mindedness, noble-
heartedness, generosity, magnanimity;
kindness, friendliness, amicability;
liberality, munificence; karaman
moat kindly, obligingly, out of kindness
noble-mindedness, noble
character; k. al-matid noble
descent 821
kurmatan laka and
kurmnan laka for your sake, as a favor to
you, in your honor
karma nobility; high-
mindedness, noble-heartedness;
generosity, magnanimity; liberality,
munificence; honor, dignity; respect,
esteem, standing, prestige; mark of honor,
token of esteem, favor; (pl. -t) miracle
(worked by a saint)
(ubban wa-karmatan) for your sake and
in your honor; most gladly, with the
greatest pleasure; worker of
miracles
karm pl. kuram2, kirm Mecca
noble; distinguished, high-ranking,
eminent; high-minded, noble-minded,
noble-hearted; generous, liberal,
munificent, hospitable, beneficent;
benefactor; kind, kindly, friendly,
amicable, obliging, gracious; respectable,
honorable, decent; precious, valuable,
costly; thoroughbred; see also
alphabetically; the two noble
things, namely Holy War and the
pilgrimage to Mecca high-
minded, noble-minded, noble-hearted,
noble; k. al-al of noble descent,
highborn, highbred; ( ajar)
precious stone, gem;
thoroughbred horse; ( dakl) a
decent income; the gentle
reader; the precious metals;
see 1 marra
karma pl. karim2 precious
thing, object of value, valuable; vital part
(of the body; esp. eye); daughter; see also
alphabetically; the two eyes
) )the most prized
possession(s)
karrm pl. -n winegrower,
vinedresser
akram2 pl. akrim2 nobler
more distinguished; more precious, more
valuable; moat honorable; very high-
minded, very noble-hearted, most
generous
makram and makrama pl.
makrim2 noble trait, excellent
quality noble
characteristics, noble traits of character
makruma pl. makrim2
noble deed
takrm and takrima honoring,
tribute, honor (bestowed on s.o.)
(takrman) in his honor
ikrm honor, respect, deference,
tribute; hospitable reception, hospitality;
kindness; honorarium ( ikrman)
in his honor
ikrmya pl. -t honorarium;
bonus
mukarram honored, revered,
venerated; venerable; epithet of
2
and look up alphabetically
karmaa (eg.) to pucker, be drawn into
folds; to crinkle, become wrinkled, shrivel
II takarmaa do.
 karmaa fold, crease, wrinkle,
crinkle, pucker; knitting
2
: al-karmal Mount Carmel
(promontory in N Palestine)
karmal Carmelite
2
karamill caramel (candy)
look up alphabetically
al-kremln the Kremlin
kurunb (coll.) cabbage
kurunba (n. un.) head of cabbage
kurantna pl. -t quarantine
look up alphabetically 822
kurnf pl. karnf2 palm stump
kunfa pl. -t gunstock, rifle butt
1
( Engl.) krank pl. -t crank, crank shaft
2 detestation, abhorrence
karnak a brand of Egyptian cotton
(named after , a village near Luxor)
and ( Fr. corniche) korn pl.
karn2 cornice, ledge, molding,
shelf; coast road, road skirting the
shoreline
kariha a (karh, kurh, karha,
karhiya) to feel disgust ( at), be
disgusted ( by); to detest, loathe, abhor,
hate ( s.th.); to dislike ( s.th.); karuha u
( karha) to be repugnant, offensive,
hateful, odious, detestable II to make s.o. (
or )hate s.th. (), arouse aversion (
or in s.o. to s.th.) IV to force,
compel, coerce ( s.o. to) V to have an
aversion ( to), feel disgust ( for),
loathe, detest ( s.th.) X to have an
aversion ( to), feel disgust ( for),
loathe, detest ( s.th.); to force, compel,
coerce ( s.o. to)
karh, kurh hatred, hate; aversion,
antipathy, dislike, distaste; detestation,
abhorrence, disgust, repugnance, loathing;
karhan, kurhan and ala
kurhin, unwillingly, reluctantly, 2
grudgingly, forcedly; under compulsion,
under duress
karih loathsome, repugnant,
offensive
karh unpleasant, disagreeable,
offensive, bad, repugnant, repulsive,
loathsome, hateful, detestable,
abominable, ugly
karha hatred, hate; aversion,
antipathy, dislike, distaste; abhorrence,
detestation, disgust, repugnance, loathing
karhiya aversion, antipathy,
dislike, distaste, disgust, repugnance,
loathing; incompatibility (as a reason of
divorce); baseness, abominableness,
reprehensibility (Isl. Law)
unwillingly, grudgingly, forcedly
karha pl. karih2 adversity;
misfortune, calamity
makrah loathsome thing,
unpleasant situation
makraha, makruha hatred, hate,
makrih2 loathsome things;
adversities, calamities
ikrh compulsion, coercion,
constraint, force; use of force by
force
ikrh compulsory, coercive,
forced, enforced
takarruh aversion, antipathy,
dislike, distaste, disgust, repugnance,
loathing
krih reluctant, grudging,
unwilling, averse
makrh detested, abhorred, hated,
hateful, odious, loathsome, disgusting,
distasteful, disagreeable, unpleasant;
reprehensible (Isl. Law); and
makrha inconvenience, discomfort,
nuisance, adversity; accident, mishap,
misadventure
mukrah forced, compelled
mutakarrih unwilling, reluctant
)and ( kar u (karw) and kar
i (kary) to dig ( s.th.)
karw digging, excavation
2
kura pl. -t, kuran globe, sphere; ball
k. al-a. and ( arya)
terrestrial globe, globe; k. at-talji
 snowball; k. as-salla basketball; mukrin hirer, lessor; landlord
k. al-wula table tennis;
mukran rented, let, hired out, let
k. al-qadam football, soccer; 823 on lease
celestial sphere; k. lam
small meatballs; water polo; muktarin and mustakrin
k. al-yad (European) handball; renter, tenant, lessee ( tnin)
nif al-k. hemisphere subtenant, sublessee
2
kurayya globule; pellet see 1
( ) )amr, umr) the red 3
karr curry
corpuscles, erythrocytes
kirt, kird Crete
kuriy and kuraw globular,
globate, globose, ball-shaped, ball-like, ( Span. carreta) karra pl. karr2
spherical (tun.) cart, wagon, dray
kurawya globosity, sphericity, karari carrier, carter, drayman
roundness k. al-ar the ( Turk. krek) kurk pl. -t shovel
sphericity of the earth
( Fr. crme) krm cream
kuruwtiy Croatia k. al-ilqa shaving cream
karawn and a variety of plover ( It. crema; eg.) krma cream; a kind of
(Charadrius cedicnemus L.; zool.) thick sauce (served as a condiment)
karb and karb pl. -n, kazza (1st pers. perf. kazuztu) u (
karbm cherub, archangel kazza, kuzza) to become dry and
( It. carozza) karsa pl. -t state carriage, tough, dry up, shrivel; to be withered,
coach shriveled, shrunk; to contract, shrink; (eg.)
to have an aversion ( to), feel disgust (
( Fr. croquis) krk pl. krkyt at), have a distaste ( for); -- (kazz) to
sketch, draft, croquis contract, shrink, narrow ( s.th.); pass.
krm chrome, chromium kuzza to have tetanus ( eg.)
to gnash ones teeth
karawy caraway (Carum carvi L.; bot.)
1 kazz pl. kuzz dry, dried up,
kariya a (karan) to sleep, be asleep, withered, desiccated; shriveled, shrunk;
slumber; -- kar i (kary) to dig ( e.g., a tough, inflexible, unyielding, rigid, stiff
canal) III and IV to rent, lease, let, let out, k. al-yadain closefisted, miserly,
farm out, hire out ( to s.o. s.th.) V to
niggardly 824
sleep, be asleep, slumber VIII and X to
rent, hire ( s.th.); to lease, take on lease ( kazaz miserliness, niggardliness
s.th.), take a lease ( of s.th.); to hire, kuzz, kuzzz tetanus
employ, engage ( s.o.), engage the labor
or services ( of s.o.) kazza dryness; boringness,
dullness, tediousness; stinginess,
karan sleep, slumber niggardliness; stiffness, rigidity
kir rent, hire, hiring; lease; kuzbara, kuzbura coriander (Coriandrum
rental, hire; wages, pay sativum L.; bot.) k. at-talab
ikr renting, rent; leasing, letting pimpernel; ( kar) chervil;
on lease, farming out k. a-akr hair-cap moss
(Polytrichum communis L.; bot.)
iktir renting, rent; leasing,
taking on lease; hiring ( eg.) kazarna (from It. casseruola)
casserole, cooking vessel
mukrin pl. -n hirer (esp. one of
horses, donkeys, mules, etc.); donkey kasaba i (kasb) to gain, win, acquire (
driver, muleteer s.th.); to earn ( s.th.); to profit, win, gain;
 to gather, acquire ( knowledge); to
obtain, get, attain ( s.th.)
(hutafan) win acclaim for, he applauded
for; ( yadhu) what he has
earned in the hereafter by his (good and
evil) deeds II to make or let s.o. ( )gain,
win or obtain ( s.th.); to let s.o. ( )share
the profit IV to make or let s.o. ( )gain,
win or obtain ( s.th.), secure ( for s.o.
s.th.); to impart ( or to s.o. or to s.th.
s.th., also e.g., to the face a certain
expression) ( manatan
idda) to make immune to ... V to earn (
s.th.); to acquire, obtain ( s.th.); to gain,
win ( s.th.) VIII do.; to possess have,
own ( s.th.); to take on ( a new quality,
a color, a different aspect, and the like)
kasb acquisition; earnings; gain,
profit; winnings; s.th. acquired or gained,
acquirement; acquired knowledge,
learning
kusb and kusba oil cake
maksab, maksib and
maksiba pl. maksib2 gain, profit
takassub earning, gaining;
acquisition; earnings; gain, profit
iktisb acquisition; gaining,
winning ( bi-murr z- mukassa crippled; cripple; lame
zamn) prescription, usucapion,
acquisition of property or rights by
uninterrupted possession of them for a
certain period (jur.)
ksib winner; earner, provider
muksib profitable, lucrative
kasbara coriander (bot.; = , q.v.)
kustk see
kustubn pl. kastibn2 thimble
( Turk. kstek) kustak and pl.
kastik watch chain
( It. sastoletta) kustulta, kustalta cutlet,
chop
kastana chestnut (bot.)
kastan maroon, chestnut-
colored
kasaa a (kas) to sweep; to clean, clean
out, empty; -- kasia a (kaa) to be
crippled; to become a cripple II (eg.) to
cripple ( s.o.); to bend, twist, warp (o
s.th.) VIII to sweep away ( s.th.); to
wash away, flush out, remove ( s.th.); to
overrun ( s.th.); to flood, overflow (
s.th.), spread, fan out ( over s.th.); to
plunder, pillage, sack ( a captured town);
to snatch up, seize ( s.th.), take hold (
of)
kas sweeping; cleaning; clearing;
emptying (e.g., of a latrine); lameness,
paralysis, palsy
kus rachitis, rickets
kusa sweepings; refuse,
garbage, rubbish, trash
kas lame, palsied, paralyzed;
crippled
aksa lame, palsied, paralyzed;
crippled 825
miksaa broom
iktis a sweeping away, sweep;
removal, elimination; flooding,
overflowing, submersion, inundation;
rape, seizure, usurpation
ksia: k. al-algm
mine sweeper
person, paralytic
kasada and kasuda u ( kasd,
kasd) to find no market, not to move, sell
badly (merchandise); to be stagnant, dull,
listless (business, market) IV to be dull,
listless (market)
kasd unsalableness of
merchandise; economic depression,
dullness of the market, stagnation of
commerce, recession; slump
O muksada dumping
ksid and kasd selling badly,
little in demand (merchandise); stagnant,
dull, listless (market)
1
kasara i (kasr) to break, shatter, fracture (
s.th.); to break open, force open, pry
open ( a door, and the like); to break
(also fig.: power, resistance); to violate,
infringe ( a legal duty); to destroy,
annihilate, rout ( s.th.); to defeat ( an
army); to fold ( s.th.); to provide with
the vowel, ( a consonant; gram.)
to disappoint, disoblige, offend,
afront s.o.; kusirat ir-ru the wind
has calmed down; ( amt) to
break the silence; ( aa) to
quench the thirst; ( murdih)
to dissuade or hinder s.o. from carrying
out his intention; ( ainah) (eg.)
to shame s.o., put s.o. to shame;
(qalbah) to break s.o.s heart; to
discourage s.o.; ( iddatihi) to
blunt the edge of s.th., tone down s.th.,
curb, temper s.th. or s.o. II to break into
pieces, fragmentize ( s.th.); to shatter,
smash ( s.th.) V to be broken to pieces,
be shattered, be fragmentized; to break, be
refracted, be diffracted (also light, rays,
phys.); to be refined, civilized VII to get
broken; to be defeated, be routed, be
broken (force, violence); to break; to be
refracted, be diffracted; to abate, subside
(e.g., heat), be quenched (thirst)
( squh) he broke his leg
kasr breaking, fracturing;
shattering, fragmentation; -- (pl.
kusr) break, breach, fracture; crack,
rupture; fracture of a bone; (pl. kusr,
)fraction (arith.) bankrupt; having a kasra (consonant;
( ))ur, ar) decimal fraction; gram.)
wa-kusr (after figures) ... and
some, a little over ..., e.g., one
pound and some, a little over a pound
kasr, kisr: k. al-bait nook
of the house; to live in 2
seclusion, stay in ones four walls
kasra defeat, breakdown, collapse;
the vowel point for i; nook of the house
kisra pl. kisar, -t fragment; a in general
small piece; chunk (of bread); slice (of
bread)
kasr pl. kasr, kasr to put its tail ( )between its legs
broken, fractured, shattered; defeated; see
also alphabetically
O kassra nutcracker
kusaira diopter (phys.)
maksir: ulb al-m. hard ashamed; to blush
to break, robust, sturdy, hardy, firm,
strong; ayyib al-m. standing
the test, proving its value, of excellent
quality; layyin al-maksir soft,
gentle
taksr breaking, fracturing;
shattering, fragmentation
jam at-t. broken plural (gram.) 826
takassur a being broken,
breaking; refraction, diffraction (opt.)
t. al-aia refraction of rays
inkisr (state or process of) being
broken, brokenness, breaking; fracture;
breach, rupture; fragility; defeat, rout;
brokenness in spirit, broken-heartedness,
dejection; contrition; refraction,
diffraction (phys.) ink. al-
qalb dejectedness, despondency,
contrition
ksir breaking, shattering, etc.; (pl.
kawsir2) rapacious, ferocious,
savage (predatory animal) k.
al-ajar saxifrage, stonebreak (bot.);
( air) bird of prey; k. a-
air predatory birds
maksr broken, fractured;
shattered, fragmented; defeated;
unsuccessful, thwarted, frustrated;
mukassar fragmented, shattered,
smashed; broken (also, e.g., language);
almonds and nuts
(jam) broken plural (gram.)
iksr elixir
kasarna (eg.) see
kisr pl. aksira, aksir2
Khosrau; designation of the Persian kings
kasaa a to chase away ( s.o.); to strike,
shove, push, kick ( s.o. from behind) VIII
kasafa i ( kusf) to be or become
dark, gloomy; to be eclipsed, pass through
an eclipse (sun); -- to reprimand, reprove (
s.o.); to abash, shame, put to shame (
s.o.) VII to be eclipsed; to be shamed, be
kasf darkening, occultation,
eclipse; dark, darkness, gloominess
 cuaUf occultation, eclipse, solar
eclipse
inkisf occultation, eclipse, solar
eclipse
ksif dejected, downcast, sad,
worried, grieved; gloomy
kaskasa to pound, bray, grind, powder,
pulverize; (eg.) to retreat, fall back,
withdraw
kuskus and kuskus
couscous, dish prepared of groats and salt
water (staple food in northwest Africa)
kusks, kasks sieve for
preparing couscous
kasila a (kasal) to be lazy, idle, sluggish,
indolent, negligent; to idle, loaf II to make
lazy or negligent ( s.o.) VI = I
kasal laziness, sluggishness,
idleness, inactivity, loafing, indolence,
negligence
kasil and kasl lazy, idle
kasln f. kasl, pl. wainscoting (e.g., of walls); course of
kasl, kusl, kasl lazy, sluggish,
slothful, indolent, idle, inactive
miksl lazybones, sluggard, idler,
loafer
taksul laziness, sluggishness,
indolence
mutaksil lazy, sluggish,
slothful, indolent
kasama i (kasm) to make living (
al iylih for ones family) II to give
form ( to s.th.), shape, fashion ( s.th.)
kasm cut, style (of a dress);
clothing, clothes, costume, fashion; form,
shape; manner, mode
kasm duty, rate, tax 827
taksm forming, shaping,
fashioning, molding; O milling
mukassam well-shaped, shapely
)and ( kas u (kasw) to
clothe, dress, garb, attire ( s.o. with or
in); to hang, drape, face, line, case ( or
s.th. with), incase ( or s.th. in); to
cover ( or s.th. with), put, slip ( or
over s.th. s.th.)
(ibgata) to give s.th. the appearance of ...,
make s.th. look like ...; -- kasiya a (
kas) to be or get dressed; to dress IV to
clothe, dress, garb, attire ( s.o. with or
in) V to be dressed, be clothed, be garbed;
to clothe o.s., array o.s., attire o.s. ( with
or in); to cover o.s. VIII do.; to burst into
leaf (tree)
kiswa pl. kusan, kisan,
kaswin clothing, clothes, apparel, attire,
raiment; dress, garment; suit of clothes;
uniform; draping, lining, casing, facing,
paneling, wainscoting (e.g., of walls)
) )the kiswa, the covering of
the Kaaba (black, brocaded carpet
covering the walls of the Kaaba, made
annually in Egypt and transported with the
pilgrimage caravan to Mecca);
full-dress uniform, gala uniform
kis pl. aksiya garment;
dress
taksiya clothing, dressing; draping,
lining, casing, facing, paneling,
stones (of a macadam road)
kaa i to recoil ( from)
kua lock of hair
kutubn, kutibn pl. katibn2
thimble
kaaa a (ka): ( bi-
l-adwa) to harbor enmity toward s.o.,
hate s.o.; -- to disperse, scatter, break up (
a crowd), send away, dismiss, drive away,
chase away ( s.o.) III ( bi-
l-adwa) to harbor enmity toward s.o.,
hate s.o. VII to be dispersed, be scattered;
to disperse, scatter, break up; to be
dispelled
ka pl. ku region of the
hip, haunch, flank, side, waist; Venuss-
shell, cowrie ( aw
kaah) to keep s.th. to o.s., keep s.th.
secret; )( to turn from
s.o., break with s.o.; ( wallhu) to
turn ones back on s.o.
kua secret enmity, rancor,
grudge, resentment, hate
ki secret enemy
 kaara i (kar) and II to bare ones teeth; scientifically); to find out, detect, uncover
to grimace; to grin, smile ( at s.o.); to ( s.th.) X to seek to discover ( s.th.); to
scowl, glower, bear a grim expression explore ( s.th.); to investigate ( s.th.),
to bare or show ones teeth; search, inquire ( into s.th.); to scout,
) )do. reconnoiter (mil.); to discover ( s.th.,
scientifically); to detect, spot, seek out,
kira grimace
search out, find out ( s.th.)
takra (n. vic.) flash of the teeth
kaf uncovering, disclosure;
huwa jr mukir he is baring, exposure, unveiling; revelation,
my nearest neighbor illumination (mys.); investigation, inquiry,
look up alphabetically search, quest, study; examination,
scrutiny; inspection; boy scout movement;
kaaa i (ka) to take off ( a wrapping, a -- (pl. kuf, kuft) report,
covering); to pull off ( s.th.); to erase ( account; statement, specification,
s.th. written); to remove ( s.th.); to enumeration; table, schedule, chart; list,
scratch off, scrape off ( s.th., e.g., with roster, index, register, inventory; pl.
a knife so as to clean it) discoveries ibb) medical
mika erasing knife examination; muster roll;
bill, invoice
kaafa i (kaf) to pull away,
remove, take off, throw open, lift, raise ( kaf of or pertaining to boy scouts
a covering, a curtain, a veil, etc., ( araka) boy scout
from); to reveal, disclose, uncover, movement
expose, bare ( or s.th.); to clear up ( kaf pl. kafa discoverer,
or s.th.), shed light ( or on); to inventor; explorer, reconnoiterer, scout;
show, demonstrate ( or s.th.); to open boy scout O ( kahrab)
up, lay open, lay bare ( or s.th.); to searchlight; ( mib) and
bring to light ( or s.th.); to study, ( nr) pl. do.
scrutinize, 828 investigate, examine (
s.th.); to examine medically ( s.o.) kafa exploration;
to unveil, unmask s.o. or reconnaissance, reconnoitering, scouting
s.th.; ( ibbyan) to examine (mil.); boy scout movement, scouting
s.o. medically ; kif of boy scouts, boy scout
(arbu) the war was or become violent, (adj.)
flared up; war broke out III to discuss,
kaf uncovered, open, exposed
reveal, manifest, demonstrate, show (
to s.o. s.th.), evince ( toward s.o. s.th.); to iktif uncovering, disclosure,
make known ( or to s.o. s.th.), detection, spotting, location; (pl. -t)
inform ( or s.o. of) ( bi- (scientific) discovery
l-adwa) to manifest open hostility istikf uncovering,
toward s.o. V to be uncovered, be clarification, elucidation; discovery; close
exposed, be laid open, be bared, be observation; reconnaissance,
disclosed, be revealed, be brought to light; reconnoitering, scouting (mil.)
to come to light, become visible, manifest reconnaissance plane;
itself, show; to open, be opened up ( ( mad) long-range
so as to reveal s.th.) reconnaissance
( amru) the matter turned out to be of
no consequence; istikf explorational,
(muntah l-ajz) to show o.s. utterly exploratory, of discovery,
helpless VII to be removed, be lifted, be reconnaissance-, scout- (in compounds)
raised (veil); to be uncovered, be kif pl. kaafa uncovering,
disclosed, be revealed, become manifest ( revealing, etc.; serving exploratory
to s.o.) VIII to discover ( s.th., esp. purposes, instrumental in reconnaissance,
 conducive to discovery, detection or kamr2 Kashmir (region in NE India);
disclosure; examiner, investigator, kamr cashmere (a soft, twilled woolen
discoverer; supervisor, inspector; (Eg.) fabric)
head of a muqaa, district chief kun lentil tare, slender vetch (bot.)
(obsolete); detector (radio); and
reagent (chem.) ( au) pl. ( for )V to be replete, overfull,
and ( nr) pl. overloaded, overburdened VIII to be
search-light; O ( zauraq) overfilled, be replete ( with s.th.), be
mine-locating craft, mine sweeper; chock-full
( ballr, billaur) crystal detector takak overexertion,
(radio); k. al-mu periscope; overstrain, overburdening
( bna) to manifest itself clearly
and unmistakably 829 kaa u (ka) to fill, overfill ( s.th.); to
burden, weight, encumber ( s.th.); to
maksf bared, exposed, overstuff, surfeit, cloy ( the
uncovered, open, roofless, coverless, stomach)VIII to be crammed full, be jam-
unveiled, naked, bare; (mil.) open, packed, be overcrowded ( with, esp.
undefended, devoid of military with people); to sate o.s. eat ones fill; to
installations or fortifications; uncovered be overstuffed, be surfeited, be cloyed (
(com.) m. ar-ras, with); to be abundant, copious, plentiful
bareheaded, hatless; or
openly, publicly, overtly, for kia gorging, cloying, overstuffing
everyone to see (of the stomach); surfeit
muktaif discoverer, explorer ka overfilled, overstuffed,
cloyed, surfeited
muktaaft (scientific)
discoveries mukta overcrowded ( with, esp.
1
with people), crammed full, jam-packed (
kuk pl. akk kiosk; summer- with), chock-full ( of)
house, pavilion, cabin, log cabin; hut,
shed, shanty; (telephone) booth; stall, kur suet
stand, booth (at a fair, etc.) kaama i (kam, kum) to conceal or
bathhouse; beach chair; k. al- suppress ( ones anger); to be mum, keep
ilrt block station, signal box (railroad); silent
k. ad-daidabn sentry box; O
( muawwil) transformer house kam filled with anger
2
kik a dough made of bulgur and sour kaaba u i ( kub) to be full and
milk, cut into small pieces, dried and need round, be swelling (breasts) II to make
for the preparation of other dishes (so in cubic, to cube ( s.th.); to dice ( s.th.)
Egypt; there are several other ways of kab pl. kib, kub
preparing it) (eg.) kik almz knot, knob, node (of cane); joint,
asparagus articulation; ankle, anklebone; heel (of the
kakaa to rustle; to flee, run away; (eg.) fact, of a shoe); ferrule; die; cube; high
to pleat rank, fame, glory, honor ( pl.
)spine of a book; arq
kaka pl. kaki2 seam; kaban abler, more capable, more
hem, edge, border qualified, more efficient;
riwya kakaya rajul l l-k. a distinguished, capable,
burlesque, popular comedy successful man; ulw al-k. high
rank, outstanding position; their
kakl beggars bag; scrapbook; album days of glory are past 830
kimi a kind of currants kub breasts, bosom
 kaba pl. kaabt cube, cubic
structure; the Kaaba (in Mecca);
(fig.) shrine; object of veneration, focus of
interest
kab cubic
kuba virginity
kab having swelling breasts,
buxom (girl)
ab kuaib (eg.) mumps (med.)
takb cubing, dicing; raising to
the third power, cubing
takba trellis, espalier
takb cubic
kib pl. kawib2 well-
developed, full and round, swelling
(bosom); having swelling breasts, buxom
(girl); buxom girls
mukaab cube-shaped, cubiform,
cubic; (pl. -t) cube ( qadam)
cubic foot; ( mitr) cubic meter
kubura and kubra pl.
kabir2 knotty excrescence, knot, knob,
node; radius (anat.) cartridge pouch
am al-k. radius (anat.)
mukabar knotty, knobbed,
gnarled
kabala (eg.) to trip up ( s.o.); to make (
s.o.) stumble
kak (coll.; n. un. )cake; designation of
various kinds of pastry, also of small
baked goods; pretzel (syr.)
kaama a (kam) to muzzle ( a camel); to
gag ( s.o.); to cap, seal ( a vessel)
abbreviation of klogrm kilogram
kaffa u (kaff) to border, edge, hem ( a
garment); to desist, refrain ( from),
cease, forbear ( doing s.th.), give up,
stop ( s.th.); to renounce, waive, forgo (
s.th.), abstain ( from); to hold back,
restrain ( s.o. from); to hinder, prevent
( s.o. from); to avert ( s.th.); to
check, curb, restrict ( s.th.)
kaffa (and pass. kuffa) baaruh to
become blind II to hem ( a garment) V to
beg VII to desist, refrain, abstain (
from) X to hold out the hand with an
imploring gesture, beg, practice begging;
to shade ones eyes with the hand; to coil
(snake); to surround ( or s.o., s.th.),
flock around s.o. or s.th. ( )
kaff desistance, refraining (
from); abstaining, abstention ( from);
cessation, suspension, stop, stoppage,
discontinuation ( of s.th.); -- kaff f., pl.
kuff, akuff palm of the hand;
glove; paw, foot, claw (of an animal);
slap; scale (of a balance); handful; quire;
bar (of chocolate) k. mayam
(eg.) agnus castus, chaste tree (Vitex
agnus-castus; bot.); rose of Jericho,
resurrection plant (Anastatica
hierochuntica L.; bot.);
(jadm) star in the constellation Cetus;
star in Cassiopeia;
k. al-asad lions-leaf (bot.);
( aytah) to risk ones life;
istadarra l-akuffa to secure generous
contributions
kiffa, kaffa pl. kifaf, kiff
palm of the hand; scale (of a balance)
kaffa: k. brd (eg.)
kuffa pl. kufaf edge, seam, hem,
border
kaff sufficiency, sufficient means
for a living
kiff border, edge, fringe, seam,
hem 831
kiffa hemming; hem
kaff blind k. al-baar
blind
kffa totality, entirety; (with foll.
genit.) all; the people, the masses, the
populace; kffatan all without exception,
one and all; altogether, in the aggregate,
collectively
makff pl. makff blind
kafaa a (kaf) to turn around, turn over,
reverse, invert ( s.th.); to turn away, turn
aside, turn back ( from) III to reward (
s.o.); to requite,

kafata i (kaft) to restrain, detain, turn
return, repay,
recompense ( s.th. with); to
compensate, make up ( for s.th. with);
to be similar, equal ( to s.th.), equal (
s.th.), be commensurate ( with); to
measure up, come up ( to s.th.), compare
favorably ( with) IV to turn over,
reverse, invert ( s.th.) VI to be equal, be
on a par; to (counter)balance each other,
be perfectly matched VII to be turned
away, be turned aside; to be changed, be
kaf a (kaf) to face frankly, confront,
altered; to recede, change, fade (color); to
turn back, withdraw, retreat, fall back,
give way; to be inverted, be reversed, be
turned around or over; to fall down.
tumble, topple
kaf, kif, kuf pl. akf,
kif equal, alike; adequate, appropriate,
suitable, fit ( for); equal ( to s.o.), a
match ( for); qualified, capable, able,
1
competent, efficient
kuf, kufu equal, comparable (
to), a match ( for)
kif an equivalent
kaf equality; adequacy,
adequateness
kafa equality; adequacy,
adequateness; comparableness; fitness,
suitability, appropriateness; competence,
efficiency, ability, capability; pl.
qualifications, abilities, capabilities
mukfaa pl. -t requital;
recompense, remuneration; compensation,
indemnification, indemnity; reward;
stipend
takfu mutual correspondence,
equivalence; homogeneity, sameness
inkif retreat, withdrawal
mukfi equal, (a)like, of the same
kind, homogeneous, corresponding,
commensurate, equivalent
mutakfi alike, (mutually)
corresponding, commensurate, equivalent,
equal
away, prevent, hold back ( s.o. from)
II to plate ( s.th. with); to inlay (
s.th.)
kift cooking pot
kufta meat balls, hamburgers,
oblong or round ( samak) fried
fish cakes; potato dumplings
stuffed with meat
takft inlaid work, inlay; plating,
platework
mukaffat inlaid; coated, overlaid,
plated
encounter or meet face to face ( s.o.) III =
I; to combat ( s.o., s.th.), fight, battle,
struggle, contend ( against); to defend (
s.th.), fight ( for) ( umrah)
to manage ones affairs personally
kif and mukfaa
opposition, fight, battle, struggle (with
genit.: against); contention, strife
kafara i (kafr) to cover, hide ( s.th.); --
(kufr, kufrn, kufr) to be
irreligious, be an infidel, not to believe (
in God); also: to blaspheme
God, curse, swear; to 632 renege ones
faith. become an infidel; to be ungrateful (
or for a benefit) II to cover, hide (
s.th.); to expiate ( s.th.); to do penance,
 atone, make amends ( for s.th. by or with s.o.) IV to appoint as security,
with); to grant remission ( to s.o. of sponsor or bail ( s.o.), make ( s.o.) go
his sins); to forgive ( or s.th. to bail V to be security, go bail, vouch, be or
s.o.), grant pardon ( or for s.th. to become responsible, answerable or liable (
s.o.); to make ( s.o.) an infidel, seduce ( to s.o. for), be sponsor ( of s.o. for
s.o.), o unbelief; to accuse of infidelity, s.th.), guarantee ( to s.o. s.th.); to
charge with unbelief ( s.o.) IV to make ( obligate o.s. pledge o.s. ( to s.o. to do
s.o.) an infidel; to call ( s.o.) an infidel, s.th.); to undertake, take upon o.s. ( s.th.)
accuse ( s.o.) of infidelity VI to vouch for each other, guarantee each
other
kafr pl. kufr small village,
hamlet kafl guaranty, warranty
kufr and kufrn unbelief, kafal pl. akfl, kufl rump,
infidelity godlessness, atheism; buttocks; croup of a horse
blasphemy, profanity; ( nima) kafla bail, guaranty, security,
ingratitude, ungratefulness sponsorship; pledge, deposit, surety,
kaffr infidel, unbeliever collateral ( mlya) surety,
security; bail; caution money;
kaffra penance, atonement (
for a sin), expiation ( of); reparation, (nafs) bail (esp. for due appearance of a
person in court; Isl. Law);
amends; expiatory gifts, expiations
under the protection or tutelage of s.o., in
(distributed to the poor at a funeral)
s.o.s custody
takfr expiation ( of),
atonement, penance ( for a sin); kafl pl. kufal2 responsible,
seduction to infidelity; charge of unbelief liable, answerable; bail, bailsman,
security, surety, sponsor, bondsman;
kfir pl. n, kuffr, guarantor ( of s.th.); vouching ( for
kafara, kifr irreligious, unbelieving; s.th.), guaranteeing ( s.th.); protector;
unbeliever, infidel, atheist; ungrateful legal guardian ( nafs) bail,
( nima) ungrateful bailsman (esp. one guaranteeing the due
2
look up alphabetically appearance of a person in court; Isl. Law)
833
kafisa a (kafas) to be bandy-legged VII
do. takful mutual or joint
responsibility; solidarity; mutual
akfas2, f. kafs2, pl. kufs agreement
bandy-legged
kfil pl. kufal breadwinner,
kafkafa to hold back ( tears) supporter, provider; bail, bailsman,
kafala u (kafl, kafla) to feed, support security, surety, sponsor, bondsman;
( s.o.), provide ( for s.o.; ilatan protector; legal guardian
for a family); -- kafala u i, kafila a and ) )makfl (bih) guaranteed;
kafula u (kafl, kufl, kafla) to covered, backed (banknotes in circulation)
vouch, answer, go bail, be guaranty, be or
stand sponsor, be responsible, liable, kafana i (kafn) to cover with a winding
answerable ( for); to guarantee, sponsor sheet, to shroud, dress for the grave ( the
( s.o.); to be legal guardian ( of s.o.); to deceased) II do.; to wrap ( s.th. in),
secure; to warrant, ensure ( s.th.); to cover ( s.th. with)
guarantee ( s.th. to s.o.); O to cover, kafn saltless
back (currency with gold) II to feed,
support ( s. o.), provide ( for); to admit kafan pl. akfn shroud,
as security sponsor or bail ( s.o.); to name winding sheet
sponsor, ask to be security or to go bail, IV kafhara ( ikfihrr) to be dark,
appoint security or bail ( s.o.) III to grow dark, darken, be or become gloomy
conclude an agreement, make a contract (
 ikfihrr darkness, dark; dusk,
gloom, gloominess
mukfahirr dim, dusky, gloomy;
clouded, overcast; grave, sullen,
melancholy
kaf i ( kifya) to be enough, sufficient
( for s.o.), suffice ( s.o.); to meet all
requirements; to protect ( s.o. from s.o.,
s.o. from s.th.); to save, spare ( s.o.
a trouble) wa-kaf and thats all!
enough of that! thats enough!
may God give satisfaction in your stead,
or, may God make up for your
shortcoming (said to s.o. making a
mistake, or showing himself inadequate);
( waklan) God is the best
protector; ( azanan) it is sad
enough that ...; ( munata) to
save s.o. the trouble of ... III to be
sufficient, enough ( for s.o.), suffice (
s.o.); to requite, repay, recompense,
reward ( s.o. with) VIII to be content,
content o.s. ( with s.th.)
kifya sufficient amount, degree,
extent, etc., sufficiency; that which
suffices for performing a duty, a task, etc.;
capability, capacity, ability, qualification;
appropriateness, suitability, fitness;
competence, efficiency, skill
sufficiently, enough; fighting
power; adam al-k. al-
jinsya sexual impotence;
enough of that, thats enough
kafy sufficient, enough
mukfh reward; gratification
iktif contentedness, contentment
kfin pl. kufh sufficient,
enough, adequate; appropriate, suitable,
suited, fit; capable, able, qualified, skilled,
skillful, competent, efficient
muktafin contented, content
1 all-embracing, all-comprehensive, all-
kil, f. kilt; kilai, f. kiltai (with
dependent genit. or suffix) both (of); see
also alphabetically
2
kalla i (kall, killa, kall, ;
kalla, kull, kulla) to be or
become tired, fatigued, weary, exhausted,
weak; to be dim, dull, languid,
expreosionless, (glance, eyes); to become
blunt (sword) indefatigable,
untiring II to crown ( s.o., also fig.
s.th.); (Chr.) to perform the marriage
ceremony
(priest); to become dull, obtuse,
expressionless (face); to become blunt
(sword) kullila bi-l-naj to
be crowned by success IV to make
languid or tired, to weary, tire, fatigue,
exhaust, wear out, harass, torment ( s.o.);
to dim ( the glance) V to be crowned; to
wear a crown; (Chr.) to be married
kall weariness, tiredness, fatigue,
exhaustion; dimness, dullness; dull, dim,
feeble (glance, mind) 834
killa pl. -t, kilal thin veil, drape,
curtain; mosquito net
kalal, kall and kalla
weariness, tiredness, fatigue, exhaustion;
dimness, dullness
kall exhausted, tired, weary, faint,
languid; weak, feeble; dull, blunt
ikll pl. akll2, akilla
crown; diadem; chaplet, wreath, garland,
festoon; tonsure (Chr.); wedding,
marriage ceremony (Chr.); umbel (bot.)
i. al-jabal rosemary (bot.);
i. a-auk crown of thorns;
i. al-malik yellow sweet clover, melilot
(Melilotus officinalis L.; bot.)
takll coronation, crowning
kll tired, fatigued, faint, languid
mukallal adorned with a wreath,
crowned; married (Chr.)
3
kull totality, entirety; everyone, each one,
anyone; (with foil. def. noun) whole,
entire, all; (with fall. indef. noun) every;
the whole. all, everything on
the whole, in the aggregate, taken
altogether, in bulk; everything,
powerful; ( kullun
min) A as well as B as well as C;
al kullin in any case, at any rate;
kulluh he entirely, all of him, it entirely,
all of it; kullu dlika all that;
kullu l-baiti or al-b. kulluh the
whole house; or all
men; ( kullu l-.) the whole
 truth, nothing but the truth; kilsik classic(a1)
(sirr) a very great secret;
kalks pl. -t horn of an automobile
(kair) true or complete happiness;
kullu rajulin every man; k. aiin kaliba a (kalab) to be seized by
every thing, everything, all; k. hydrophobia; to become mad, crazy; to
aadin and k. widin every covet greedily ( s.th.) VI to rage, rave,
(single) one, each one; kullu man storm; to fan, pounce, rush in ( upon),
everyone who, whoever, whosoever; assail ( s.o.); to assail each other, rush
kullu m all that , whatever, against each other X to be raging, raving,
whatsoever; k. m f l-amri rabid, furious, mad, frenzied, possessed
anna there is no more to it than ..., its kalb pl. kilb dog
nothing but ...; kulla waqtin at any the constellation Canis Major with its
time, always; f kulli sabati main star Sirius; the
ayymin in each seven days, every seven constellation Canis Minor with its main
days; li-kulli alfin per (one) star Procyon; k. al-bar shark;
thousand otter; beaver
kullam whenever; the more ..., in kalba pl. -t bitch
the same measure as the
more -- the more kalb canine (adj.)
kull total, entire, all-round, overall, kalab rabies, hydrophobia; burning
sweeping, comprehensive, complete; thirst; greed ( for)
absolute, universal kalib affected with rabies, rabid;
kullya totality, entirety; integrity, mad; greedy
wholeness, entireness, completeness; (pl. kullb and kallb pl.
-t) faculty, school (of a university); kallb2 hook; cramp
college; institute of higher learning,
academy, secondary school; the kullba pl. -t (pair of) pincers,
complete works (of an author); the tongs
five logical predicates or general kalb pl. kalb affected with
conceptions (philos.); kullyatan wholly, rabies, rabid, raging
entirely, totally, absolutely on the
taklub fierce struggle, dogfight,
whole, in the aggregate, altogether; --
free-for-all, melee, brawl; avidity, greed
not at all, absolutely not; in its
entire being, completely, totally, entirely, maklb rabid, frenzied, crazed,
wholly; commercial college; possessed
( arbya) military academy kalab manacles, handcuffs
4
kulla pl. kulal bullet; cannon ball; shell, kalata i to pour, pour out ( s.th.)
grenade; a marble
kalaa a ( kul, kul) to frown,
kall not at all, on the contrary; by no scowl, look gloomy IV and V do.
means! certainly not! never! no! (see also
1
( tumma) a thousand times kalaa zone around the mouth,
no! not at all! mien, facial expression
kalaa a ( kal, kil, kila) to kli grave, austere, somber,
guard, preserve, watch, protect ( s.o.) gloomy; fallow, livid, dull grey; turned
VIII to find no sleep (eye) colorless, faded
kala pl. akl grass, herbage, kalk giant fennel (Ferula communis L.;
pasture Ferula sinaica B.; bos.); -- (eg.) kalak
ammoniac
kal: k. al-ain sleepless,
awake 835 al-kaldn the Chaldeans
 kaldn Chaldean (adj. and n.); ( an amount for); to cost ( s.o.,
astrologer so-and-so much)
1
II to plaster with lime, whitewash ( kalaf (coll.; n. un. )freckles
s.th.); to calcine, calcify ( s.th.) k. a-ams sunspots
kils lime kalif very much in love ( with),
very attached ( to), very fond ( of)
kils calcic, limy, lime- (in
compounds) limestone kulfa pl. kulaf discomfort;
trouble, inconvenience; nuisance;
kallsa limekiln
ceremonial, ceremony, formality,
mukallas calcified ceremoniousness, affectedness of
2
( It. calza) kalsa pl. -t stocking behavior, affectation, mannerism, pose;
costs, expenses, expenditure, outlay;
see trimmings, fittings, accessories, notions,
( Fr. caleon) kalsn pl. -t (pair of ornaments (buttons, buckles, clasps,
mens) drawers braiding, lace, etc.); ladys maid
( amsya) the sunspots
( It. calzeta) kalsa pl. kalsi2
stocking kallf stable hand, hostler, groom
kalsiym calcium kallf hirer of donkeys
kalifa a (kalaf) to become brownish red aklaf2, f. kalf2, pl. kulf
(face); to become freckled, be covered brownish red, russet; freckled; spotted
with freckles; to like ( s.th.), be intent, taklf pl. taklf2 burdening,
bent, set. keen ( on), be very attached ( bothering, troubling, inconveniencing;
to s.o. or s.th.), be very fond ( of s.o. or commissioning, charging, authorization;
s.th.); to be in love, fall in love ( with commandment (of God); burden,
s.o.) II to commission, charge, entrust ( annoyance, nuisance, bother; trouble,
s.o., or with), assign ( or to s.o. inconvenience, discomfort; fuss, ado;
a task, a job); to cost ( s.o. a certain formality, ceremonial of courtesy,
amount) ( kirah) (eg.) to ceremony; expenses, expenditure, outlay,
take the trouble, go to the trouble, bother; costs, charges, overhead; prime cost;
to put s.o. to the trouble, bother s.o.; taxes, imposts, duties; taxation,
( aaan) to overtask s.o., expect or encumbrance with a tax; legal capacity
demand too much of s.o.; ( ... or (Isl. Law) informal(ly),
... ( ... ( ana, unceremonious(ly), without (standing on)
manata, maaqqata) to take the trouble ceremony; kaf at-t. terrier;
to ..., to bother to ..., go to the trouble of t. al-maa cost of living
; ( tamanan) to cost s.o.
dearly; ( mahm, amr) takalluf constraint, unnaturalness
whatever it may cost him, at any cost V to of manner; mannerism, airs, affectation,
burden o.s., be burdened ( or with affected behavior; studied, unnatural
s.th.); to take upon o.s. ( a job, a task, manner; dissimulation, hypocrisy
coats, an office, etc.); to take over, defray, mukallaf commissioned,
have to bear ( s.th., e.g., expenses); to do authorized, charged ( with); obligated,
reluctantly or unwillingly, do in a studied under obligation, liable ( to do s.th.),
or affected manner, simulate, feign, affect responsible ( for); bound, obliged ( to
( s.th.); to force o.s. ( to do s.th.). do do s.th.); subject to taxation, taxable;
s.th. ( )with difficulty, e.g., taxpayer; obligated to observe the
(ak) to force a laugh; to be affected, precepts of religion (Isl. Law); legally
mannered, unnatural, stiff, formal, capable, sane in mind, compos mentis (Isl.
ceremonious, punctilious, stand on Law) charg daffaires,
ceremony; to employ ( e.g., care), spend diplomatic envoy
 mukallafa pl. -t (eg.) terrier
mutakallaf formal, ceremonial,
ceremonious; affected, studied, forced,
outward., sham, false, artificial
( ahka) forced laugh
kalak pl. -t (ir.) raft of inflated skins
kalkatt Calcutta (city in NE India)
kalk2: k. al-im bone conversation, discussion; debate, dispute,
fragments
kalkala and II takalkala to become callous
(skin)
kalkal pl. kalkil2 chest,
thorax , under the 837 ones mouth in order to say s.th., prepare
oppressive burden of s.th.; to oppress
s.o. gravely, weigh heavily upon s.o.
kalkala callosity, callus
mukalkal callous (skin)
II to address ( s.o.), speak, talk ( to or with
s.o.) III to speak, talk, converse ( with
s.o.) V to speak, talk ( with or to s.o.,
or about, of); to utter, express, voice,
say ( or s.th.)
kalm pl. kulm, kilm
wound, cut, slash
kalima pl. -t (coll. kalim) word;
speech, address; utterance, remark,
saying; aphorism, maxim; brief
announcement, a few (introductory)
words; short treatise; importance, weight,
influence, authority, ascendancy, powerful
position kalimatan fa-
kalimatan word by word, literally;
( ukra) in other words; alq
kalimatan to make a speech, give a public
address; Ive got to talk to you;
( jama kalimatahum) they garulous
decided unanimously to ..., they were
unanimous about ...; ijtamaat
kalimatuhum they united, joined forces,
came to an agreement;
they were agreed that ...; or
jam al-k. union, joining of forces,
unanimity; ittid al-k. concord,
agreement, harmony; dissension,
variance, disunion; ( al) to raise
the prestige of s.o.; ulw al-k.
and ( uly) supremacy,
hegemony; he said what he had to
say, he had his say; the word of
God, the Holy Scriptures; O
password, watchword, parole;
(ar) the ten Commandments;
(tamhdya) preface; k. as-sirr,
(ir.) kalim as-sirr parole, watch-
word, countersign
kalm talking, speaking; speech;
language, mode of expression, style; talk,
controversy; words, word, saying,
utterance, statement, remark; aphorism,
maxim, phrase, idiom, figure of speech;
(gram.) sentence, clause orally,
verbally; ( famah) to open
to say s.th.; idle talk, prattle,
poppycock, bosh, nonsense;
manner of speaking, diction; ilm
al-k. scholastic theology (Isl.);
talkative, loquacious, garrulous;
lugat al-k. colloquial language, everyday
speech
kalm of or pertaining to speech
or words, speech-, word- (in oompounds),
verbal; spoken, oral; scholastic,
theological ( madda) battle
of words, dispute, altercation
kalm pl. kalm wounded,
injured; sore; -- (pl. kulam) person
addressed; speaker, spokesman,
mouthpiece epithet of Moses
see also alphabetically
kalmn, kalamn, killimn
eloquent; fluent speaker
tiklm, tikillm and tiklma,
tikillma eloquent; good talker,
conversationalist; talkative, loquacious,
muklama talk, conversation,
discussion telephone
conversation
takallum speaking; talk,
conversation; speech
mutakallim speaking (act. part.);
speaker, spokesman; first person (gram.);
Muslim theologian, scholastic 838
kullam see 2
look up alphabetically
 kulya and kulwa pl. kulan, ( Engl.) kamb camp
kalw kidney
kulw of or pertaining to the
kidneys, renal, nephric, nephritic, nephro-
(in compounds) inflammation
of the kidneys, nephritis; ( mag) ( It. cambio) kambiy exchange, money
renal colic
kilh pl. -t clich kamata u (kamt) to suppress ( ones
kilm pl. aklima kilim, carpet, rug
(usually long and narrow)
1 chestnut, bay, maroon
kam (interrogative and exclamatory particle
with foll. noun in acc.) how much? how
many! how much! ( waladan)
how many sons do you have?
(marratan) or how many times?
how often? how often! ( ary) 1
how much more ...! how much rather ...!
for how much? how much (is it)?
2
kamm amount, quantity
naariyat al-k. quantum theory (phys.)
kamm quantitative
kammya pl. -t amount, quantity, 3
magnitude
3
kamma u (kamm) to cover, cover up,
conceal, hide, cloak ( s.th.); to plug up,
stop up ( s.th.); to muzzle ( s.o.)
( famah) to stop s.o.s mouth, silence
s.o. II to muzzle ( s.o.); to muffle s.o.s (
)mouth; O to spike ( a cannon); to
provide with sleeves ( a garment) IV to
provide with sleeves ( a garment)
kumm pl. akmm, kimama
sleeve
kimm pl. akmm, akimma,
kimm, akmm2 calyx (bot.);
perianth (bot.)
kimm muzzle
kimma pl. -t, kamim 2 pack
muzzle; cloth for muffling the mouth;
mask; O gas mask; perianth, calyx
kam pl. akmu truffle; mushroom
kama (pl.) truffles
ka-m see ka
kamn violin, fiddle
kamnj player of a ( q.v.)
( It. cambiale) kambiyla pl. -t bill of
exchange, draft
kambart batiste, cambric
exchange; rate of exchange
anger)
kumait (m. and f.) reddish-brown,
kummatr (coll.; n. un. kummatrh
pl. kummatrayt) pear
kamaa a (kam) to pull up, rein in ( an
animal) IV do.
kamaka a (kamk) with bi-anfih to
turn up ones nose, be haughty IV = I
kumk pride, haughtiness,
overweening, self-conceit
2
kmak, kmik pl. kawmik2 vinegar
sauce, pickle; (mixed) pickles
kamk silk fabric, damask
kamida a (kamd) to be sad, grieved,
distressed, heartsick; to be smutty,
swarthy, dull, flat (color); to fade, lose
color, become discolored II to apply a hot
compress, a hot pack ( to a limb) IV to
sadden, grieve, worry, make heartsick (
s.o.) X to become smutty, swarthy, dull,
flat; to darken, become dark (color) 839
kamd, kamad and kumda dull,
swarthy color; dullness, duskiness,
swarthiness; sadness, grief
kamid and kamld aad, grieved.
worried. heartaick; gloomy. dark
kimd and kimda compress,
akmad2 dark-colored, blackish,
swarthy
takmd application of hot
compresses, fomentation
kmid sad, grieved, worried,
heartsick; gloomy, dark; swarthy, dark-
colored
mukammad and mukammada
pl. -t compress, pack
1
kamar pl. akmr belt s.th.) VI and VIII to be perfect,
consummate, integral, be or become
kamara pl. -t beam, girder,
complete, finished, done, accomplished,
specif., iron girder; arm, jib
(ammla) and concluded; to reach completion,
fulfillment or perfection, to mature, ripen;
(qubn al-win) beam, bridge (of a
to be perfected X to complete ( s.th.); to
traveling crane)
perfect ( s.th.); to round out,
2
makmr (eg.) dish of chopped meat and complement, supplement (. s.th.); to carry
vegetables out, meet, fulfill ( s.th., e.g., conditions)
( syr.) gumrug pl. gamrig2 kaml pl. -t perfection;
customs; customhouse completeness; completion, consummation,
gumrug customs-, tariff- (in conclusion, termination, windup; maturity,
compounds) ripeness in its full scope,
completely, entirely, wholly, totally
kumsr pl. kumsrya (eg.)
(streetcar, railroad, etc.) conductor kaml luxury, luxurious, de luxe;
luxuries; luxury
kamaa u (kam) to seize, grasp, grip,
clutch ( s.th.) V to become wrinkled, to kamla (colloq.) that which fills
wrinkle; to shrink; to contract; to recoil up or completes a weight or number, a
within o.s. cower, quail VII to become complement; addition, supplement 840
wrinkled, to wrinkle; to shrink; to akmal 2 more complete, more
contract; to tighten, become cramped, be perfect entirely, wholly, totally;
convulsed; to recoil within o.s., cower, all London
quail; to withdraw within o.s., become or
be preoccupied with o.s. be self-absorbed; takml completion,
complementing, perfecting, perfection;
to collect ones thoughts, gather ones
strength, concentrate (also with ) conclusion, termination, windup;
consummation, execution
kama a handful
takml completing,
kami, kam adroit, skillful, complementing, complementary,
skilled k. al-izr do.; supplementary by-election
efficient, active, diligent, industrious
takmila supplement, complement
kamma pl. -t (pair) of pincers
ikml completion, complementing,
inkim absorption, perfecting, perfection; conclusion,
preoccupation, self-absorption termination; windup; consummation,
munkami shrunk; cramped, execution
clenched, convulsed; absorbed, takmul integration; unification to
preoccupied, self-absorbed, introverted a perfect whole O integral
III to sleep ( with s.o.), embrace ( s.o.), calculus
have sexual intercourse ( with s.o.) takmul integrative; all-
kam bedfellow including and unifying to form a perfect
whole
kamala, kamula u and kamila a (
kaml, kuml) to be or become iktiml completion; maturity,
whole, entire, integral, perfect, complete; ripeness
to be finished, done, completed, istikml conclusion, termination,
accomplished; to be concluded, come to a finishing
close II and IV to finish, wind up,
kmil pl. kamala perfect,
conclude, complete, consummate ( s.th.);
consummate; genuine, sterling; complete,
to carry out, execute ( s.th.); to perfect,
full, plenary, full-strength; completed,
round out, complement, supplement (
concluded; whole, entire, total, integral;
 name of a poetic meter; folio format hide, conceal, secrete, keep secret ( s.th.)
(paper) wholly, entirely, totally, VIII to be hidden, be concealed X to be
altogether, in its entirety; O hidden, be concealed; to seek shelter; to
(laban) unskimmed, full-bodied milk lie comfortably, nestle, cuddle, snuggle; to
calm down 841
mutakmil perfect; integrative;
complete, integral kann, kinn pl. aknn,
kamana u and kamina a ( kumn) to akinna place where one is sheltered;
cover, shelter, retreat, refuge; nest; home,
hide; to be hidden, concealed, latent; to
have its secret seat ( in); to ambush, house, hut; arbor, bower
waylay ( s.o.) V to lie in wait ( for s.o.), kanna pl. kanin2 daughter-in-
ambush, waylay ( s.o.) X to hide, lie law; sister-in-law
concealed
kinna shelter, cover, covering
kumna black cataract (med.) kunna pl. -t, kinn shed roof,
look up alphabetically pent roof, awning
kammn cumin (Cuminum kinn pl. -t akinna shed roof, pent
cyminum L.; bot.) black roof, awning
caraway, black cumin (Nigella sativa L.;
kinna pl. kanin2 quiver (for
bot.); ( barr) do.; ( ulw) arrows) ar kinna,
anise, aniseed Egypt (land of the Kinana tribe)
kamn pl. kuman2 hidden, knn pl. kawnn2 stove
lying in ambush; ambush, secret attack
( dabbara) to hatch a plot; knn: k. al-awwal
to set a trap for s.o. December (Syr., Leb., Jord., Ir.);
k. at-tn January (Syr., Leb., Jord.,
makman pl. makmin2 place
Ir.)
whore s.th. is hidden; ambuscade;
kann hidden, concealed; well-kept
ambush, hiding place
hun m. as-sirr thats where the secret lies maknn hidden, concealed; well-
kept; hidden content
kmin hidden, concealed, latent;
1
secret; pl. kawmin2 underlying kanr edge, rim, border, fringe, hem,
factors, hidden background, latent depths selvage
2
kamanj and kamanja kanr canary
oriental stringed instrument having one or 1
kanab callocity, callus
two strings; (Western) violin, fiddle
kanib and muknib callous
kamah blindness (from birth) (skin)
akmah2, f. kamh2, pl. 2
or ( Fr. canap) kanabh pl. -t sofa
kumh blind, born blind
al-kunj the Congo
kamy pl. kumh, akm armed
and ironclad, in full armor; brave, valiant, kangar kangaroo (eg.)
courageous 1
kund ingratitude
( Fr. camion) kamiyn pl. -t truck, lorry kand ungrateful
kanna u (kann, kunn) to hide ( 2
kanad Canada
s.th.); to conceal, cover, cloak ( s.th.); to
shelter, ensconce, contain ( s.th.); to kanad Canadian
harbor ( friendship toward); to calm 1
kundur frankincense
down, subside, abate (wind) II to hide, 2
kundura pl. kandir2 (syr.)
conceal, secrete, keep secret ( s.th.); to
(Western-style) shoe
calm, quiet, still, assuage ( s.th.) IV to
 kundu magpie
look up alphabetically
kanaza i (kanz) to bury ( in the
ground, a treasure); to pile up, heap up,
lay up, accumulate, amass, collect, gather,
save, hoard ( s.th.) VIII to be firm,
compact, sturdy, strapping; to accumulate,
amass, gather ( money, treasures); to
hide ( money, treasures)
kanz pl. kunz treasure
kaniz firm, compact (flesh); sturdy,
strapping (body)
iktinz strong, sturdy build,
sturdiness, compactness, stoutness (of the
body)
muktaniz firm, compact (flesh);
sturdy (body); compressed, pinched (lips);
massive, strong; -- muktanaz accumulated,
amassed; hidden, buried
kangar kangaroo
kanafa u (kanf) to guard, protect ( s.o.); to
fence in, hedge, provide with an enclosure
( s.th.); to surround ( s.th., s.o.); to
help, assist ( s.o.) III and IV to shelter,
protect, help, assist ( s.o.) VIII to
surround (on both sides), enclose,
embrace ( s.th.)
kanaf pl. aknf side, flank;
wing; shadow, shelter, pale, fold; bosom
under cover of ..., in an
atmosphere of ...; under his
protection, under his sponsorship
kunfa pl. -t vermicelli baked in
sugar, melted butter and honey
kanf pl. kunuf water closet,
toilet; public lavatory
muktanaf surrounded, enclosed (
by)

kanasa u (kans) to sweep ( the house) II ( Engl.) kanf canvas

do.
kans sweeping, cleaning
al-kansa visit of the ulema to the
tomb of the Imam al-Shfi where they
sweep away the dust
kanns sweeper; street sweeper,
street cleaner
kunsa sweepings, refuse,
garbage, offal
kans nose bag
kans synagogue
kansa pl. kanis2 church
(Chr.); synagogue, temple (Jud.)
kanas and kanis
ecclesiastic(al); clerical 842
miknasa pl. maknis2
broom; O sweeper, street sweeper
(machine) ( kahrabya)
vacuum cleaner
mikns2, miknsa2 Meknes
(city in N Morocco)
kunn, kunna scrapbook; kinya) to use metonymically (
fundamentals, principles
( Fr. console) kunl pl. -t console
kann Canaan
kanaka (= eg.) pl. -t coffee pot
1
kankana to stay at home; to settle down,
make o.s. at home; to nestle, snuggle,
cuddle up
2
kanakn quinine
VIII to fathom, probe, sound, investigate,
explore ( s.th.), look ( into
s.th.); to get to the bottom ( of s.th.);
to understand thoroughly, grasp in its
entirety ( s.th.) X to seek to explore or
find out ( s.th.); to fathom, discover, find
out, grasp, understand ( s.th.)
kunh utmost degree, extreme; core,
essence, substance, true nature, essential
being yarifuh kunha l-
marifa he understands it most thoroughly,
he grasps its very essence
takannuht =
iktinh and istiknh
fathoming, penetration, exploration
kanahwar cumuli
)and )kan u and kan i (
s.th.
for); to allude ( with s.th. to); --
kan i ( kunya) and II to call ( s.o.) by
the surname of ( )V and VIII to be
 known by the surname of (), call o.s. by
the surname of ()
kunya pl. kunan surname,
agnomen (consisting of ab or umm
followed by the name of the son)
kinya indirect expression,
metonymy; allusion; indirect declaration
of (legal) intent (Isl. Law)
indirect, not clear and unequivocal (as
opposed to ( it is (riaw) pulmonary abscess, vomica
tantamount to ..., it means ..., it stands
for ..., it consists in ...; kinyatan
an tantamount to; in lieu of, instead of
makny anhu metonymically
expressed
mukannan surnamed
kahraba to electrify, electrize ( s.th.);
to ionize ( s.th.) II takahraba to be
electrified, be electrized, become electric;
to be charged with electricity; to be
ionized
kahraba electrization,
electrification; electricity 843
kahrab pl. kahrib2
electron
kuhairib pl. -t electron
kuhairib electronic, electron- (in
compounds) ( mijhar) kahana a u ( kahna) to predict the
electron microscope
kahrib electronic, electron- (in
compounds)
kahrab and kahrab
amber; electricity; ( eg.) the street-
car, the trolley
kahrab and kahrab
electric(al); electrician
(ayyr) electric current;
storage battery, secondary battery,
accumulator; ( mib)
electric lamp, lightbulb;
diathermy; electrophysicist;
( magnas) electromagnet;
electromagnetism;
( nr) electric light
kahrabya and fortuneteller; priest
kahrabya electricity
mukahrab electrically charged,
electrized, electrified; O electrically
conductive, conducting, ionized; O
electrically ignited, provided with electric
ignition
kahras electromagnetic
kahramn amber
kahf pl. kuhf cave, cavern;
depression, hollow, cavity
(med.); the Seven Sleepers
kahala a ( kuhl), kahula u (
kuhla) and VIII to be middle-aged, be at
the height of ones life
kahl pl. kuhhal, kihl,
kuhl, kuhln middle-aged, man of
mature age
kuhla maturity of age
khil pl. kawhil2 upper part
of the back; withers taqqala
khilah to load, burden, encumber s.o. or
s.th., e.g., ( k. al-mzn) to
burden the budget; ( t.
al-ib) unburdening, disencumbrance of
s.o. or s.th.
kahma dullness, bluntness; lassitude
languor, weakness
1
future, tell the fortune ( of s.o.), prophesy
( to s.o.) V to predict, foretell, presage,
prophesy ( s.th.)
kahna prediction; prophecy
kihna divination, soothsaying,
fortunetelling
kahnt, kahant priesthood
the clergy, the ministry
kahant priestly, sacerdotal,
ministerial, clerical, ecclesiastic(al)
makhan (place of an) oracle
takahhun pl. -t prediction,
prophecy; conjecture, surmise
khin pl. kuhhn, kahana
diviner, soothsayer, prognosticator,
and
high priest
 mutakahhin diviner, soothsayer,
prognosticator, fortuneteller
2 (
kuhna rags, shreds, scrap, junk; ragged,
tattered
kuhnaj ragman, rag picker
kihya administrative district in Tunisia
khiya pl. kawhin chief
officer of a ;deputy, vice-, under-,
sub- (Tun.)
kwa pl. -t, kuwan, kiw
aperture; small window, attic window,
skylight; peephole 844
kawln pl. -ya locksmith
kb pl. akwb drinking glass,
tumbler, (ir.) cup
kba drinking glass, tumbler;
hearts (in a deck of cards)
( It. coperta) kbarta deck (of a ship)
( Turk. kpr) kbr pl. kabr
bridge (eg.)
( Fr. Copenhague) Copenhagen
kbinhgin Copenhagen
( It. copia) kbiy copy qalam k.
copying pencil, indelible pencil
( Engl. cobble) cobbled pavement,
cobblestones
( It. copia) kbiya copy
al-kuwait Kuwait
( Engl. cutter) ktar pl. kawtir2 (eg.)
cutter, yawl
kauta fertility; abundance, profusion
kautar much, ample, abundant, plentiful,
large quantity; al-kautar name of a
river in Paradise
kautal stern (of a ship)
see 1
2
kk pl. akwk hut
2
look up alphabetically
1
) )kda (1st pers. perf. kidtu) imperf.
yakdu to be on the point ( of doing
s.th.), be about ( to do s.th.), (with
imperf.) it wouldnt have taken much
more ..., he (it) all but ..., he (would have)
almost ... he almost died;
kidtu adhabu I almost went;
ukmi l-adam) it is almost as
good as nonexistent; (with neg.
corresponding to Engl. hardly, scarcely,
barely; no sooner ..., as soon as ...:)
no sooner had he got up ...;
(tar) you will hardly ever see, or, you
barely see, or, the moment you see ;
lam yakad yarh no sooner had
he seen her, the moment he saw her;
and -- no sooner than, as
soon as he -- he ..., the moment he he
kd: almost, nearly; see also
alphabetically
2
II to heap up, pile up ( s.th.)
kauda pl. akwd heap, pile
3
( eg.) kudyit zr woman leader of the
Zar ritual
1
II to roll, roll up, coil, roll into a ball (
s.th.), to wind ( the turban); to make
round, ball-shaped ( s.th.); to clench (
qabatah ones list) V to become
round, be or become ball-shaped,
globular, spherical, to curl up (in a lying
position); to conglomerate, form or gather
into a ball
kr pl. akwr, akwur,
krn camel saddle; forge, furnace,
smelting furnace, bellows
kra pl. kuwar district, rural
district, small town, village, ball (= )
see below, alphabetically
kuwra pl. kawir2 beehive
kraw ball-shaped, globular,
spherical
mikwar and mikwara turban
mukawwar ball-shaped, globular,
round
2
look up alphabetically
bi-l-kauraja in the bulk, wholesale, in
the lump
( Fr. cordon) kordn pl. -t cordon;
ribbon, braid, lace, trimming 845
( Engl.) kras chorus (also fig.); choir
( Fr. corset) korsh pl. kaukaba star; group, troop, party;
korsht corset (pl. kawkib2) (Syr.; mil.) squadron
(of armored units, of cavalry)
( Turk. krek) krk forced labor
(eg.) kaukab star-shaped, stelliform,
starlike, stellular, stellate, stellar; starry,
( Fr. corniche) see
starred; astral
kriy Korea
koktl cocktail
kr Korean
kauln, kln papyrus (Cyperus papyrus;
see and bot.)
kz pl. akwz, kzn small jug of kolomb Colombo (capital of Ceylon)
clay or tin; mug, tankard k. ad-
kolombiy Colombia
dura (eg.) corncob
1 kolniy Cologne; Eau de Cologne
ks pl. -t small drum
2 ( Fr. cholra) klr cholera
ks pl. akws =
3 kls pl. kawls2 side scene,
kuwayyis (eg.) nice, fine, pretty,
coulisse, backdrop behind
comely, handsome, beautiful
the scene, backstage (also fig.)
akwas2 more beautiful, prettier,
pl. of , which see (alphabetically);
nicer
ibid.
or ks (coll.; n. un. ksh,
II to heap, pile up, stack up ( s.th.) V to
ksya) (eg., syr.) zucchini; see also
be piled up; to pile up; to accumulate; to
under
sink to the ground, crumple, collapse in a
kausaj swordfish (Xiphias gladius) heap
ka pl. kuwa kiln (specif., kaum pl. akwm, kmn
limekiln) heap, pile; hill; pl. kmn esp.
k and k pl. akw, kn garbage piles, refuse dump
projecting carpal end of the radius, kauma, kma pl. -t, kuwam,
wristbone; elbow (anat.); k elbow, akwm heap, pile; mass
angle, bend (of a pipe); curve, turn, bend k. al-aab pyre, stake
(of a road) kneepiece or
kom6ndan commBndant, commander
elbow of a pipe;
846
(yarifu) he doesnt know his knee from
his elbow (proverbially of a stupid person) see
V to band together, throng together, kmisyj commission merchant
gather in a crowd ( It. coomidino) komudn bedside
al-kfa Kufa (town in Iraq) table
kf Kufic; Kufic writing; kmdiy comedy
the Kufic (school of) grammarians 1
) )kna u (kaun, kiyn,
kfya pl. -t kaffiyeh, square kainna) to be; to exist; to happen, occur,
kerchief diagonally folded and worn under take place; with acc. of the predicate: to
the iql as a headdress be s.th.; with foll. perf. denoting the
pluperfect; with foll. imperf. expressing
( Engl.) kk coke
duration in the past = Engl. progressive
kaukab pl. kawkib2 star (also, fig., past: was doing (often corresponding to
of screen, stage, etc.); leucoma, white Engl. used to ..., would ...); with : to
opacity in the cornea of the eye belong to, be ones own ( he had
( snam) film star or owned a house); with and s.th.: to be
the right man for, be qualified for; with makn pl. amkina,
: to belong to, pertain to; with : to be amkin2 place where one is or stands;
incumbent on, be the duty of; with : to place, site, spot, location; passage (in a
be assigned to, be the lot or share of, be book); locality, locale; seat, place (e.g., in
left to, be due (s.o.) foll. the a railroad compartment); position,
elative: ( atammi) in the moat standing, rank, dignity; importance,
perfect manner conceivable, as perfect(ly) consequence, weight; space (philos.);
as possible; presence; situation, conditions,
(awb) what they said came quite close circumstances; makna in the place
to the truth: ( lam yakun) or of, in lieu of, instead of lau
(with foll. subjunctive) he is (or was) not kuntu maknaka if I were in your place, if
the right man for, he was not capable of, I were you; maknah on the spot, at
he was not in a position to ...; it is (or was) once; maknak stop!
not apt to ...; ( li- everywhere; ( akl) to make
yauba) it wouldnt have been difficult room; ( ihtalla) to have or
for him to , there was no reason why he hold a strong, powerful position;
couldnt have ...; ( or ) ( aja) he is 847 extremely
(ill an) he had no other choice but to ..., brave; ( ahammyah) that
there was nothing for him to do but to ...; is of considerable importance;
he did no more than ...; it is (or ( naarya, uf) this theory
was) impossible for him to ...; he is (or is rather weak; ( nafsih)
was) unable to ...; abaa the importance of s.th. for s.o., the place
f kabari k. to disappear, become dated, that s.th. has in s.o.s mind; site
belong to the past; a popular form of action, scene of the crime, locus delicti;
of poem consisting of quatrains II to arf al-m. adverb of place
make, create, produce, originate, bring (gram.); ( wara) difficult
forth, bring into being, form, shape, terrain, rugged country
fashion ( s.th.) V to be created, be makna pl. -t place; location,
formed; to come into existence, form, situation; position, office; standing,
arise, develop; to consist, be composed, be authority, influence, rank, dignity
made up ( of), be formed ( by) X to m. a-adr first place, precedence,
become lowly, humble, miserable; to priority
submit, yield, surrender, humble o.s.,
abase o.s., eat humble pie; to abandon o.s., makn local
give o.s. over ( to s.th.) maknya spatiality (philos.)
kaun pl. akwn being, esse; takwn forming, shaping,
existence; event, occurrence, incident; formation, creation, origination; (pl.
the existent, the existing, reality; the takwn2) formation (of rock; geol.)
world; the cosmos, the universe well-shaped, shapely;
( al) the Supreme Being, God; with sifr at-t. the Genesis
foll. genit. or suffix of the logical subject
and acc. of the predicate: the fact that s.o. takawwun genesis, birth, nascency,
or s.th. is ..., li-kaunih origin, incipience, rise, development;
majnnan because he is mad, formation
although he is mad istikna yielding, submission,
kaun of or relating to the universe resignation, passivity
or cosmos, universal, cosmic, cosmo- (in kin being; existing, existent;
compounds) O ( aia) situated, located; a being, entity, creature,
cosmic rays; cosmic system creation; (pl. -t) thing; s.th. existing, an
kiyn being, esse; existence; existent ( mulaq) the
essence, substance; nature Absolute Being, God; the created
things, the universe, the world;
al-yakn the sum total
 (man) whoever it may be; be it
what it may, whatever it may be
mukawwin creator; -- mukawwan
made, created; consisting, composed,
made up ( of), formed ( by)
mustakn humiliated, oppressed,
resigned, submissive
2 ) )kda i (kaid, makda) to deceive,
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( It. contratto) kontrt agreement,
accord, treaty, contract
( It. concordato) konkurdt
settlement, composition (between debtor
and creditors)
konyk cognac
for see 1
1
kaw i ( kayy) to burn ( s.th.); to sear
( s.th.); to cauterize, treat with a cautery
( s.o.; med.); to brand ( s.o.); to bite, burn
(acid); to sting (scorpion); to press, iron (
laundry, and the like) VIII to be burned,
be seared; to be cauterized; to be pressed,
be ironed; to burn o.s., burn ones skin
kayy burning; cauterization, cautery;
pressing, ironing ajar al-k. ( Engl.) kirsn kerosene
lunar caustic, silver nitrate; O
(kahrab) diathermy
kayya a burn, a brand
kaww slanderer, calumniator;
ironer, presser
kawwya ironing woman, ironer
kawya (syr.) press, crease (in
trousers)
mikwh and makwan pl. towel
makwin flatiron; hot iron (for
cauterizing), cautery (med.)
m. a-ar curling iron
makwan ironing establishment
makwaj ironer, presser;
laundryman
kwin caustic
2
kuwan see
1
kai, li-kai so that, in order that, in order
to and in order not to, lest
848
kai-m, li-kai-m that, so that,
in order that, in order to
2
kayy and kayya see 1
1
kt Indian dress material
2
kaita wa-kaita, kaiti wa-kaiti so and
so, such and such, thus and thus
1
dupe, outwit ( s.o.); to harm by artful
machinations ( s.o., s.th.), lay snares (
for s.o.), plot s.o.s ( )downfall, conspire
( against s.o.) III to deceive, dupe, outwit
( s.o.); to seek to double-cross ( s.o.)
kaid pl. kiyd ruse, artifice,
stratagem; craftiness, slyness, cunning,
subtlety; deception, deceit; artful plot;
trick, dodge
makda pl. makyid2 ruse,
artifice, trick; smart action, clever
approach, shrewd policy; stratagem; plot,
conspiracy, machinations, schemes,
intrigues
2
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kr pl. akyr, krn bellows
) )ksa i (kais, kiysa) to be
smart, clever, intelligent; to be nice, fine,
pretty, comely, handsome, attractive, chic
II to refine, make elegant
kais smartness, cleverness,
intelligence; subtlety, finesse,
gracefulness, elegance
kais m. and f., pl. akys,
kiyasa, sack; bag; pouch; purse; Turkish
pillowcase, pillow slip;
k. a-afr gall, bile;
at his expense
kayyis pl. akys, kais,
f. kayyisa, pl. kiys sly, smart,
astute, shrewd, sagacious; adroit,
dexterous, skillful; nice, fine, elegant,
stylish, chic, attractive, comely, pretty,
handsome
kiysa adroitness, dexterity, skill;
cleverness, smartness, astuteness,
shrewdness, slyness, sagacity, subtlety,
finesse; courtesy, civility, politeness;
 gracefulness, grace; elegance, chic, takyf forming, shaping,
stylishness fashioning; formation; a.daptation,
akyas2, f. ks and ks, adjustment, conditioning, modification;
pl. ks smarter, slier; more skillful; regulation; descriptive designation,
qualification; air conditioning, =
more stylish, more chic, nicer
t. al-haw
mukayyis and
takayyuf adaptation, adjustment,
mukayyist (eg.) bath attendant, masseur
conformity
mukayyas shrewd, subtle, astute,
mukayyifa, m. al-haw
smart, sly
pl. -t air-conditioning installation, air
II to form, shape, fashion, mold ( s.th.); conditioner
to fit, condition, modify, conform, adjust,
mukayyift narcotics, opiates
adapt ( s.th., o.s.); to regulate (
1
s.th.); to put in high spirits, exhilarate, kaika pl. kayk egg
amuse, delight ( s.o.); to intoxicate 2
kka, kk (eg.) hide-and-seek
slightly, dope, stupefy ( s.o.; of a
narcotic) Y to be shaped, be formed; to ) )kla i (kail, makl, makl) to
assume a form, take on a shape; to adapt measure ( s.th.); to weigh ( s.th.); to
o.s., adjust o.s., conform; to be in high compare by measuring ( s.th. with),
spirits, be cheerful, gay; to amuse o.s., measure s.th. ( )by the standard of (;)
enjoy o.s., have a good time, have fun; to to measure out, mete out, allot, apportion (
revel; to be slightly intoxicated, be tipsy, s.th. to s.o.) to heap
fuddled; to smoke (tobacco, etc.) abuse on s.o.; ( laamt) to
give s.o. a beating, spank, thrash s.o. II to
kaifa (interrogative and
measure ( s.th.) III to return like for like,
exclamatory particle) how? how ...!
repay in kind ( to s.o.)
( luka) how are you? ... why
shouldnt it be so since ...! just kail pl. akyl measure; dry
imagine how much more (or less) ...! and measure for grain; holding capacity
how much more ...! and how much less kaila pl. -t kilah, a dry measure
! (Eg. = 16.72 l; Pal. = 361)
kaifam however, howsoever kail and makl
whatever the case may be, be (volumetrically) measurable,
that as it may; in any case, at any rate volumetric(al)
kaif state, condition; mood, humor, kayyl corn measurer; one who
state of mind, frame of mind; pleasure, metes out, who determines the right
delight, well-being, good humor, 849 high measure, muter, lord
spirits; discretion, option. will; (pl.
kuyf) narcotic, opiate at your mikyl pl. makyl2 and
discretion, as you please; as you wish, as mikyal, mikyala pl. makyil2
you like; bons vivants, measure; dry measure for grain
epicures the weights and measures
kaif arbitrary, discretionary, kl and kilogrm pl. -t kilogram
optional; qualitative ( Fr. kilocycle) klsikl pl. -t kilocycle
kaifya manner, mode, fashion; (radio)
property, quality; nature, state, condition; klmitr pl. -t kilometer
particulars, particular circumstances (e.g.,
of an event) k. al-amal klw kilowatt
operation (e.g., of a machine); = look up alphabetically
directions for use
kai-m see 1
 kaims gastric juice I have no right to ... , it does not
kmiy chemistry; alchemy behoove me to ...; or you can
( ayya) biochemistry; have that! its up to you; its all right with
k. at-turba agricultural chemistry me! all right! O.K.! agreed! or
would you like ...? do you want ...? do
km chemical you feel like ...? I read a book
kmiy, kmw by him, I read one of his books;
chemical; -- (pl. -n) chemist; alchemist; ( tadmu) no state is of any
permanence with him, he is never the
kmwyt chemicals same for a very long time( li-
( ( kna i (kain) to humble o.s., abase muwanatin) they set out in our support;
o.s., eat humble pie, submit, resign o.s. X li-sabi laylin
do. kalauna min abna when seven nights
of Shaban had passed; li-l-
kn quinine kaab al-k. marrati l-l for the first time; li-
cinchona, china bark, Peruvian bark awwali wahlatin at first sight, at once;
knn quinine li-abhi wa-ummih his brother on
the paternal and maternal side, his
kiyahk, khak the fourth month of the
brother-german, his full brother 2. (conj.
Coptic year
with the subjunctive) that, so that, in order
kaiwn the planet Saturn that, in order to; (with apoc.) expressing
( Engl.) kiybd Cupid 850 an order. an invitation: li-yaktub he
shall write, let him write (with preceding
wa or fa contracted to wal- ... or fal ...
with elision of the i)
li-ajli (with foll. genit.) because of,
on account of, for
li-an (conj. with the subjunctive)
1
la (intensifying particle) truly, verily; that, so that, in order that, in order to;
certainly, surely; frequently after inna, (with ( li-all in order not to, lest
introducing the predicate: li-anna (conj.) on the grounds that;
inna rabb la-sam d-du truly, my because; for
Lord hears the prayer; also as a correlative
of lau and lau-l: li-dlika therefore, hence, that is
( la-kna anfaa) if you did this it why, for that reason
would be more useful; lau-l li-kai and li-kai-m (conj. with
tba la-halaka if he had not repented he the subjunctive) that, so that, in order that,
would have perished; (particle of oath) in order to
la-amruka by your life!
li-m (shortened li-m) why?
2
li 1. (prep.) for; on behalf of, in wherefore? for what reason? li-m-d
favor of; to (of the dative); because of; for why (on earth)?
the sake of; due to, owing to; for, for the
li-hd therefore, hence, that is
purpose of; at the time of, when, as; by
why, for that reason
(designating the author or originator);
occasionally substituting for ;as to l (particle) not, no! with apoc. expressing
paraphrasing the genit. and acc. see negative imperative: l taqul dont
grammar he owes me money; say! with indef. acc. expressing a general
his right and his duty; his negation; there is not, there is no ..., e.g.,
credit and his debit, his assets and his l ilha illa llh there is no god
liabilities; he has a right to ..., he is but Allah; ( kaira) there is no
entitled to ..., he may ...; it is possible for good in it, its no good; ( budda)
him to ..., he is able to ..., he can ...; there is no escape from it, it is inevitable;
 l jarama certainly, surely; al-ltnya the Latin language,
l akka no doubt, doubtless; l Latin
siyyam especially. particularly; a-l ldan, ldin laudanum
see bi-l without; wa-l (with
preceding neg.) nor, ... either; not even, lzuward, lzaward lapis lazuli; azure
also att wa-l, e.g., lzuward azure-blue, azure,
( lam yuin, qiran) he did not sky-blue, cerulean
give me even a piaster, he did not give me
as much as a piaster; neither -- nor lzuwardya azure, blue of the
sky
l-ublya indifferent attitude,
indifference ( Fr. lacet) lsh lace, cord
1
l-adrya skepticism; IV to send as a messenger ( s.o. to)
agnosticism malak and malak pl.
malik2, malika angel; messenger,
al-l-an the nonego (philos.) envoy
l-annya selflessness, malik angelic(al); heavenly
unselfishness 2
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l-jinsya statelessness, being
without nationality lkin, lkinna however, yet, but
l-dn antireligious, irreligious, lalaa ( lalaa) to shine, flash, glitter,
without religion glisten, sparkle, gleam, shimmer,
glimmer, beam, radiate; to wag ( bi-
l-dnya irreligion, godlessness danabih the tail) II talalaa to shine,
l-sm anti-Semitic; anti- glitter, glisten, sparkle, gleam, shimmer,
Semite glimmer, beam, radiate
l-smya anti-Semitism lalaa shine, glow, brightness,
brilliancy, radiance, flash, glitter, twinkle
l-silk wireless, radio (adj.);
radio, broadcasting; radio message lal glitter, flash; light, glow,
( ira) radio message gleam; perfect joy, unruffled gaiety;
dealer in pearls
al-l-ur the unconscious,
unconscious mind, unconsciousness lulu (coll.; n. un. )pl.: lal2
pearls zahr al-l. daisy;
l-ur unconscious, unaware irq al-l. mother-of-pearl, nacre
l-ai nothing, nonentity, nil lulu pearly; pearl-colored,
l-aiya nonexistence, whitish pearl barley 852
nothingness; nullity, nihility talalu shining, radiance,
l-mublh and l- brilliancy
mublya indifferent attitude, indifference mutalali shimmering,
l-markazya decentralization glistening, glittering, flashing, sparkling
l-maslya irresponsibility laama a (lam) to dress, bandage ( a
wound); to repair, mend ( s.th.); to
l-nim lack of system,
solder, weld; -- lauma (lum,
confusion
lama, malama) to be ignoble,
al-l-nihya the infinite lowly (of character and birth); to be base,
l-nih infinite mean, vile, evil, wicked III to agree (
with s.o.); to suit, fit (garment; s.o.); to
al-ltn the (ancient) Latins be adequate, appropriate ( to s.th.), be
ltn Latin ( ayy) suitable, fit, proper, convenient, favorable,
the Quartier latin (in Paris) propitious ( for s.th.); to be adapted (
 to), be in harmony ( with), match (
s.th.); to agree (climate, food; with s.o.),
be wholesome (climate, air, food; for
s.o.); to bring about a reconciliation, make
peace ( between), reconcile ( s.o.
with); to make consistent or congruous,
reconcile, harmonize, bring into harmony
( different things) IV to act ignobly,
behave shabbily VI to be mended, be
repaired, be corrected; to go well (
with); to act meanly VIII to be mended, be
repaired, be corrected; to be joined, be
connected, be patched up, be soldered, be
welded; to match, fit together, harmonize,
be in harmony, agree, go together, be
congruous, conformable, consistent; to be
tuned or geared to each other (fig.); to
unite, combine; to cohere, stick together;
to heal, close (wound); to gather,
assemble, convene (persons); to meet
(committee, congress, council, etc.)
lam dressing, bandaging (of a
wound); joining, junction, connection;
repair
lum ignoble mind, baseness,
meanness, vileness, wickedness;
niggardliness, miserliness; sordidness;
iniquity
lim peace; concord, agreement,
union, unity, unanimity; conformity,
consistency, harmony
lama cuirass, pair of cuirasses
lam pl. lim, luam, throat of an animal, spot where its throat
lumn, ignoble, lowly, low, base,
mean, evil, vile, wicked, depraved; sordid,
filthy, dirty; niggardly, miserly
mulama adequacy,
appropriateness, properness, suitability,
fitness; peacemaking, (re)conciliation;
concord, union, agreement, harmony
mulim adapted, suited,
appropriate ( to), suitable, fit, proper,
convenient, favorable, propitious ( for);
agreeing, harmonizing, in conformity,
consistent ( with)
lm name of the letter
lm lm-shaped, resembling the
letter
lm llama (zool.)
( Engl.) lan pl. -t launch, motorboat,
small steamer
lhy The Hague (city in SW
Netherlands)
lht godhead, deity; divine nature,
divinity ilm al-l. theology
lht theological; theologian
al-lhtya theology
lhr2 Lahore (city in W Pakistan)
law 2 severe distress, hardship
lay slowness, tardiness; tediousness,
tiresomeness after great
difficulties, in the end, finally, after all
( from Fr. laque) lik layman; secular,
laic, lay
likya laicism 853
labba u (labb) to remain, abide, stay
( in a place); -- (1st pers. perf. labibtu) a
( labab) and (1st pers. perf. labubtu) u (
labba) to be sensible, reasonable,
intelligent II to kernel, ripen into kernels,
produce kernels (grain, nuts) V to gird o.s.
prepare o.s. ( for)
lubb pl. lubb kernels, core (of
fruits); the innermost, marrow, pith; core,
gist, essence; prime, best part; -- (pl.
albb) heart; mind, intellect, reason,
understanding
labba pl. -t upper part of the chest;
is slit in slaughtering
libba (eg.) golden necklace
labab pl. albb upper part of
the chest; throat of an animal, spot where
its throat is slit in slaughtering; breast
collar (of a horses harness); martingale
lubb marrow, pith, core,
quintessence, gist, prime, beet part
l. kaab cellulose
labb pl. alibb understanding,
reasonable, sensible, intelligent
talbb pl. talbb2 collar
to collar s.o., seize s.o. by the
collar
labua pl. -t lioness
 labta carp (zool.)
labita a (labt, lubt, labat, lubt) to
hesitate, tarry, linger; to abide, remain,
stay ( in a place); (with imperf.) to
persist in an activity, keep doing s.th.
) ) ( )it did not take long overcast, heavily clouded (sky)
before he , presently he ..., he lost no
time in ; he did it for a while V
to hesitate, tarry, linger; to abide, remain,
stay
labt, lubt, labat hesitation, tarrying,
delay; stay, sojourn
lubta short delay, brief respite;
pause; temporary stay or stop, stopover
labk, labak (coll.; n. un. )a variety of
acacia (Mimosa lebbec L.), also lebbek
tree (Albizzia lebbek Bth.; bot.)
labka pl. labakt cataplasm,
poultice; soft mass, mush; emollient
plaster, emollient
labk fleshy, corpulent
labada u ( lubd) to stick, adhere, cling (
to s.th.), get stuck ( on); to abide,
remain, stay ( in a place) II to cause to
adhere and mat together, to felt, mat (
wool); to line with felt ( s.th.); to beat
down, weigh down ( s.th., e.g., the hail
-- grass); to full ( s.th.) IV to cling
firmly, adhere, stick ( to s.th.) V do.; to
stick together; to become felted, matted,
entangled, interwoven; to be compressed;
to become clouded; to become overcast (
with clouds; sky); to become
gloomy (face)
libd pl. lubd, albd felt mixed up ( with); to mistake ( s.th.,
thick masses of clouds for)
labad wool
labid coherent; compact
lubad the seventh vulture of Luqmn
(whose death ended Luqmns life;
metaphor of longevity)
libda pl. libad mane (of a lion);
(eg.) skullcap of felt, worn under or
without a tarboosh; felt hat (of the
dervishes)
lubda pl. lubad matted and
pressed wool or hair, felt
labbd feltmaker; felt
lubbda pl. -t horse blanket,
saddle blanket; -- (pl. labbd 2) felt
cap 854
mulabbad: ( bi-l-guym)
mutalabbid: overcast,
heavily clouded (sky)
labisa a (lubs) to put on, wear ( a dress,
garment); to dress ( in), clothe o.s. garb
o.s. ( in or with) II to dress ( s.o. in),
clothe, garb, attire ( s.o. with); to cover,
envelop, overlay, coat ( s.th. with.
layer); to drape, line, face, case ( s.th.
with); to inlay (e.g., wood with ivory); to
suffuse ( s.o., e.g., pallor), seize ( s.o.,
e.g., so tremor); to make obscure, unclear,
abstruse, involved, complicated (
s.th. for s.o.); to deceive, dupe ( s.o.)
III to be on intimate terms, associate
closely, hobnob ( with s.o.); to be in close
contact ( with s.o., with s.th.); to
surround ( s.o.; environment, milieu,
conditions) IV to dress ( s.o. in), clothe,
garb, attire ( s.o. with); to drape,
envelop, coat, overlay, cover, face, line,
case ( s.th.) V to dress, get dressed (
in), clothe o.s. ( in or with); to be
dressed, clad, attired; to be covered (
with), be enveloped, wrapped ( in); to
get involved ( in s.th.), be drown ( into
s.th.); to meddle, bother ( with), go into
s.th. ( ;)to be obscure, incomprehensible,
dubious, equivocal, ambiguous ( for
s.o.) VIII to be obscure, dubious,
equivocal, ambiguous ( for s.o.); to get
labs, lubs and lubsa tangle,
muddle, confusion, intricacy, obscurity,
uncertainty, abstruseness, ambiguity
to be uncertain about s.o.; to
have doubts about s.o.
libs pl. lubs clothes, clothing,
dress, apparel; costume
libsa manner or style of dressing,
costume
libs pl. -l, albisa clothes,
clothing; costume; apparel; garment, robe,
dress; (eg., syr.) (mens) drawers
 l. ar-ras headdress, headgear; religious ecstasy; pl. articles of
l. at-taqw decency, modesty; clothing, clothes
( rasm) and ( askar) mulabbas involved, intricate,
uniform; l. as-sahra evening obscure, dubious; inlaid, coated,
gown, evening clothes, formal dress; incrusted; sugar-coated, candied; (pl. -t)
( waan) national costume; bonbon, candy; drage
ready-made clothes
mutalabbis: ( he was
labs worn; worn clothes, caught, and the like) redhanded, in the act,
secondhand clothes; Nile carp (Cyprinus flagrante delicto
niloticus: zool.)
multabis involved, intricate,
labs clothing, clothes; ambiguous, equivocal; dubious, doubtful,
suppository (med.) ( rasm) uncertain, unclear
uniform
labaa II (lab): ( ar) to throw
malbas pl. malbis2 garment, s.o. to the ground, fell s.o.; -- i to kick; to
dress, robe, apparel, suit; pl. also: gallop about (animal)
clothing, clothes, costume O
protective clothes; dress labaqa II ( labqa) to be clever, slick,
uniform; ( dkilya wa- adroit, skilled, skillful, versatile, suave,
krijya) underwear and outer clothes; elegant, have refined manners; -- labiqa a
( rasmya) livery, uniform; O (labaq) do.; to fit, suit, become (clothes;
m. al-maidn field uniform; s.o.) II to fit, adapt, adjust ( s.th.)
maall al-m. ready-made- labaq cleverness, smartness,
clothes store slyness, subtlety; skill, adroitness,
talbs clothing, dressing, garbing; slickness, ingenuity; seemliness,
draping, lining, facing, casing; overlaying, propriety, decency, decorum
coating; wall facing, wall plaster, labqa cleverness, smartness,
paneling; inlay work; deception, deceit, slyness, subtlety; skill, adroitness,
fraud slickness, ingenuity; seemliness,
talbsa suppository (med.) propriety, decency, decorum; elegance,
refined manners, suavity, gracefulness
mulbasa intercourse, intimate
association, close relations; labiq clever, smart, sly, subtle;
relations, connections; concomitants, slick, adroit, skilled, skillful, versatile;
accompanying phenomena; surrounding elegant, suave, of refined manners; fitting,
conditions, environment proper, becoming, seemly
ilbs clothing, dressing, garbing labq clever, smart, sly, subtle;
skillful, adroit; elegant, suave, refined
talabbus: qay t-t.
(jur.) cases of flagrante delicto, criminal labaka u (labk) and II to mix. Mingle,
cases in which the perpetrator was caught intermix ( s.th.); to confuse, mix up,
in the act muddle, jumble ( s.th.); -- labika a, V
and VIII to get confused, be thrown into
iltibs confusion, tangle, disorder, be disarranged, become
intricacy, obscurity, ambiguity, disorganized
dubiousness, 855 doubt raf
al-ilt. correction, rectification, labk and labka mixture;
clarification; ( aa) to be confusion, muddle, jumble
wrapped in obscurity, be completely see
ambiguous
lablaba to fondle, cares ( her child;
malbs worn, used (clothes); mother)
(eg.) possessed, in a state of frenzy or
lablab, lublub affectionate, tender
 lablb English ivy (Hedera helix;
bot.); (eg.) lablab, hyacynth bean
(Dolichoe lablab; bot.)
lablb (eg.) pl. lablb2
young shoot, sprout, vine
II to make brick VIII to suck milk
libn, labin (coll.) unburnt brick(s),
adobes
labina (n. un.) pl. -t brick, adobe
laban pl. albn, libn milk;
(syr.) leban, coagulated sour milk; pl.
dairy products, milk products
l. al-ka buttermilk; ir al-l.
whey; O mzn al-l. lactoscope;
far al-a. dairy department
laban lactic, milk (adj.); milky,
milklike, lacteous, lacteal
labanya a dish prepared of milk
labant lactate l. al-jr
calcium lactate
labn breast
lubn frankincense, olibanum
( jw) benzoin; dakar (eg.)
olibanum, oriental frankincense (resin of
Boswellia carteri; bot.); ( eg.) a
pitchy resin used as a depilatory 856
(resin of Pinus Brutia Ten.);
al-adr magnesia, Epsom salts, bitter
salt
libn sucking, nursing; (eg.)
towline
labbn brickmaker; milkman
lubna pl. -t, lubn wish,
desire, object, aim, goal, end; business,
undertaking, enterprise
libna selling or production of milk
products, dairy
labina, labn, labna pl.
libn, lubn, lubun, labin
milk, giving milk ( ayawn)
mammal
lubn storax tree
lubnn2 Lebanon
lubnn Lebanese (pl. -n) a
Lebanese
malban a sweet made of
cornstarch, sugar, mastic and pistachios
malbana dairy
labwa pl. labawt lioness
II to follow, obey ( a call, an invitation),
respond, accede ( to), comply ( with a
request), carry out ( an order)
( nidaa rabbih) to be called away by
the Lord, pass away
labbaika here I am! at your service!
talbiya following, obeying,
observance, accedence, response,
compliance ( talbiyatan) in
compliance with; ( li-dawatih)
upon his invitation
libriy Liberia
latta u (latt) to pound, bray, crush ( s.th.);
to mix with water ( flour); to knead (
dough); to roll ( s.th. in), coat ( s.th.
with); (eg.) to prattle, chatter
( wa-ajana, masala) not to tire of
raising a problem anew, discuss a question
back and forth
latt (eg.) idle talk, prattle
lattt (eg.) prattler, chatterbox,
windbag
litr pl. -t liter
( Engl.) litms litmus
lituwniy Lithuania
allat see ( alphabetically)
see
latiga a (latag) to pronounce defectively
(esp. the lingual r), lisp ( for (
( sn) to lisp the s
lutga defective pronunciation,
lisping
altag2, f. latg2, pl. lutg
having a speech defect, lisping
latama i (latm) to kiss ( s.th.); to strike,
hit, wound, injure ( s.th.) II to veil ( the
face) with the li/dm (q.v.); to veil, cover (
s.th.) V and VIII to veil ones face; to
cover o.s., wrap o.s. up, muffle o.s.
latma kiss
 litm veil (covering the lower part
of the face to the eyes); cover, wrapping
mutallam and mutalattim veiled
lita pl. -t, litan gums
litaw gingival, alveolar, of or
pertaining to the gums the
interdental sounde and ( ;phon.)
lajja (1st pers. perf. lajijtu) a and (1st pers.
perf. lajajtu) i ( lajaj, lajj,
lajja) to be stubborn, obstinate,
unyielding, relentless; to persist, persevere
( in); to insist ( on); to continue (
s.th.), keep doing s.th. ( ;)to importune,
857 pester, trouble, bother, inconvenience
( s.o.); to bear down ( on s.o.), hit
hard, wear out, weaken, exhaust ( s.o.,
e.g., battle), torment, harass ( s.o., e.g.,
hunger) III to argue or dispute obstinately
( with s.o.) VIII to be noisy, uproarious,
tumultuous; to roar, storm, rage
lujj and lujja pl. lujaj,
lijj depth of the sea; gulf, abyss, chum,
depth
lujj fathomless, of tremendous
depth (sea)
lajja clamor, din, noise, hubbub
lajja stickling, disputatiousness;
obstinacy, stubbornness; insistence,
persistence
lajj and ljj obstinate,
stubborn, unyielding, relentless, insistent,
troublesome, importunate, obtrusive,
officious
lajaa a ( laj, luj) and lajia
a ( laja) to take refuge ( in), resort,
have recourse ( to), fall back ( on); to
seek information ( from), refer ( to) II
to coerce, force, compel ( s.o. to) IV
do.; to shelter, protect, guard ( s.o.); to
entrust, commit ( amrah ones
cause, ones affairs to) VIII to flee ( to),
take refuge ( in), resort, have recourse (
to)
malja pl. malji2 (place of) subcommittee; ( ) )qrra,
refuge, retreat; shelter; sanctuary, asylum;
home; base; pillbox, bunker, dugout
day nursery, nursery school,
childrens home; orphanage;
home for the aged; m. lujain silver
al-umyn institution for the blind;
m. al-ajaza infirmary; O
( mudd, jawwya) air-raid
shelter
iltij resorting, recourse ( to),
seeking refuge ( in, with)
lji one seeking refuge; refugee;
emigrant; inmate of an asylum
multaji one seeking refuge, a
refugee
lajab noise, uproar, tumult; huge,
boisterous army
lajib uproarious, tumultuous,
noisy, clamorous
lajlaja and II talajlaja to repeat words`in
speaking; to stammer, stutter
lajlaja stutter; stammering,
stammer
lajlj stutterer, stammerer
mulajlaj constantly repeated,
reiterated
lajama u (lajm) to sew ( s.th.) II and IV
to bridle, rein in ( a horse); to restrain,
curb, hold down, silence ( s.o.); to put the
bridle ( on s.o.) VIII to be bridled, be
curbed, be tamed, be harnessed (e.g.,
energies)
liillm pl. aljima, lujum
bridle, rein
maljm and muljam bridled,
curbed, harnessed
lajina a (lajn) to cling, adhere, stick ( to)
lajna pl. -t, lijn, lijan
board, council, commission, committee
investigating committee;
( idrya) administrative board,
committee of management;
board of examiners, examination board;
disciplinary board;
(tanfdya) executive committee;
(ulya) arbitration committee, board of
arbitration; ( farya)
mustadma) standing committee, 858
permanent committee; l. al-
mrqaba board of directors
 lujain silvery
laa (la) to be close
(relationship) IV to implore, beseech,
request with urgency; to insist ( on); to
beet, importune, pester, harass (
s.o.); to urge, press ( or s.o. to do
s.th.)
lai and close, narrow
la obstinate, stubborn,
persistent
mil obstinate, stubborn,
persistent; importunate, obtrusive
il urging, pressing, urgency,
insistence; emphasis; urgent solicitation,
earnest request or
insistently, earnestly, urgently
muli pressing, urgent; persistent;
insistent, emphatic; importunate, obtrusive
lib open, passable (road); o electrode
laaj2 Lahej (sultanate and city in the
Aden Protectorate)
laada a (lad) to dig a grave; to bury,
inter ( s.o.); to deviate from the right
course, digress from the straight path; to
abandon ones faith, apostatize, become a
heretic; to lean, incline, tend ( to) IV =
I; VIII to deviate, digress; to abandon
ones faith, apostatize, become a heretic or
unbeliever; to be inclined, lean, incline,
tend ( to)
lad pl. lud, ald grave, glance
tomb; (ancient meaning: charnel vault
with a niche for the corpse in the lateral
wall)
lad gravedigger
ild apostasy; heterodoxy, heresy
ild of or pertaining to
godlessness
mulid heretical, unbelieving; --
(pl. -n, malida) apostate,
renegade; heretic
laasa a (las) to eat away (
s.th., esp. a moth the wool), devour (
s.th.); -- laisa a (las, lasa, lusa,
malas) to lick ( s.th.); to lick up,
lap up, lick out ( s.th.)
mals licked; (eg.) imbecilic
laaa a (la, laan) to regard,
view, eye ( s.o., s.th.), look ( at); to
notice, see, perceive, observe ( s.th.,
that) III to regard, view, eye ( s.o.,
s.th.), look ( at); to see, behold ( s.o.),
catch light ( of); to notice, perceive,
observe ( that, s.th.); to remark, say,
make the remark ( that); to consider,
bear in mind, observe, heed, take into
consideration ( s.th.); to pay attention (
to); to supervise, superintend ( s.th.)
to observe or notice s.th. in
s.o.; mimm yulau anna it
will be noticed that ..., obviously ...,
evidently ...
la pl. al look, glance
laa pl. laat (quick or casual)
look, glance, glimpse; moment, instant
the present moment, the
immediate present; in a moment,
instantly; at that moment;
laatin for a few moments
laataidin at that moment
mulaa pl. -t seeing,
noticing, perception; observation; remark,
comment, casual statement, note;
observance, heed, notice, attention,
consideration; supervision,
superintendence, surveillance, control
considerable, notable 859
la pl. lawiz2 eye; look,
mal noted, noteworthy,
remarkable
mala pl. -t observation;
remark; note
muli director, superintendent;
overseer, supervisor, foreman
mula: obviously ...,
evidently ...
laafa a (laf) to cover, wrap ( s.o.) IV
do.; to request or demand urgently V and
VIII to wrap o.s. ( in), cover s.o. (
with)
lif foot of a mountain
lif pl. luuf (also
alifa) cover, blanket; bedcover,
 counterpane, coverlet, quilt, comforter,
wrap
milah and milafa pl. laaq: ( mawdd) detritus
malif2 cover, blanket; wrap
ilf importunity (of a petitioner)
multaif wrapped ( in), covered
( with)
laiqa a (laq, laaq) to catch up (
or with s.o.), overtake ( or s.o.), to
reach ( s.th.); to catch, make (
e.g., a train), to touch ( s.th.); to cling,
adhere, attach o.s., stick, hang on, keep
close ( to s.o.), to join ( s.o.), come
along ( with s.o.), to follow, succeed (
s.o.), to unite ( with); to betake o.s., go (
to), to enter ( bi-madrasatin a
school, bi-kidmatin a service, entrance (y to office. into a school. etc.),
to take up a position with s.o., enter
the services of s.o.), to overcome, befall,
affect, afflict ( s.o.; disease, fear, loss,
and the like), come, descend ( upon s.o.,
calamity, etc.), to be incumbent ( upon
s.o.), be imperative ( for) III to follow (
s.o.); to go after s.o. (), trail, pursue,
chase ( s.o.) IV to attach, affix, join,
subjoin, append, annex, add ( s.th. to).
enclose ( s.th. in); to connect ( previously -- later on, at first --
s.th. with); to increase, augment ( s.th.
by), to take in all a member, admit (
s.o. to an organization, and the like),
enroll ( s.o. in), to inflict ( upon
s.o. or s.th. s.th.), cause ( s.o. or s.th.
s.th., esp. damage); pass. uliqa to be
admitted ( to an organization, a society,
etc.), become a member ( of), enter ( a
service) VI to follow in close succession;
to pursue or chase each other, to blend
into a continuous sequence, pass
insensibly into each other VIII to reach (
s.th. or s.o.); to catch up ( with),
overtake ( s.th. or s.o.); to join ( s.o.),
go or come along ( with), to enter ( a
service, a school, a university), join ( an
army, an organization, etc.), become a
member ( of), to matriculate ( at a
university), enroll ( in a faculty), to take
up ( a position, a job), to be attached (
to), be connected, be affiliated ( with), to
be attached, devoted, loyal annexed provinces, dependent territories,
to go into government service X to annex
( s.th.)
pl. alq cultivable alluvial
soil left behind by a flood
(geol.), alluvium, alluvial residues
liq accession ( to), entry,
entrance ( to, into), joining ( of),
enrollment ( in), membership ( in)
mulaqa pl. -t pursuit, chase;
legal prosecution
ilq joining, junction,
subjunction, attachment, appending,
affixation, affixture, addition, annexation;
admission ( to an organization, and the
like), enrollment ( in an association, and
the like), political annexation
iltiq entering ( of), entry,
860 joining ( of), affiliation ( with);
accession ( to)
istilq annexation; avowal of
paternity (jur.)
liq reaching; overtaking;
subsequent, following; added, affixed,
appended, subjoined, attached, joined,
connected sbiqan liqan
subsequently
liqa pl. lawiq2
appendage, appurtenance, adjunct; pl.
acceasories, appurtenances, adjuncts,
dependencies
mulaq added, affixed, appended,
attached, subjoined ( to s.th.), enclosed (
in s.th.); adjoining, adjacent,
contiguous; written or printed in the
margin, marginal; appertaining,
appurtenant, incident, pertinent,
accompanying; incorporated, annexed;
supplement; -- (pl. -t, maliq2)
appendix; addition, addendum, postscript;
supplement, extra sheet (of a newspaper,
periodical, book); enclosure (in a letter);
appendage; pendant, locket; tag, label;
trailer (of a truck, etc.); annex, subsidiary
building, wing or addition to a building; --
(pl. -n) attach; assistant; pl. also:
dependencies ( bar) naval
attach; ( tijr) commercial
 attach; ( jaww) air attach; multaima conjunctiva
( askar) or ( arb) laana a (lan, lun,
military attach; ( uuf) press lana) to speak ungrammatical Arabic
attach; ( fakr) titular attach (interspersed with barbarisms); -- laina a
mutaliq successive, 861 to be intelligent II to chant,
consecutive, uninterrupted. continuous psalmodize; to intone, strike up a melody;
m. al-araka in continuous to set to music, compose ( s.th.)
motion lan pl. aln, lun air,
laama u (lam) to mend, patch, weld, tune, melody; grammatical mistake,
solder (up) ( s.th.); -- laima a to get solecism, barbarism
stuck II to solder ( s.th.) VI to join in lain intelligent, understanding,
battle, engage in a mutual massacre; to
sensible
cling together, cleave together, stick
together, hang together, cohere; to hold taln pl. taln2 musical
firmly together; to be joined, united VIII composition, musical arrangement
to adhere, cleave, stick ( to); to be in taln singable
immediate contact ( with); to cling (
to), fit closely ( s.th.); to grapple, fight, maln incorrect, ungrammatical
struggle (in a clinch or in close combat); (language); (magr.) poetry in colloquial
to cling together, cleave together, cohere; language
to stick together; to be interjoined, mulain composer
intermesh, be closely united; to close, heal
up, sear over, cicatrize (wound) ( and ( la (law) and la a
(lay) to insult, abuse, revile ( s.o.) VI to
lam pl. lum, lim flesh; call each other names, heap abuses on
meat ( amih) in his real each other VIII to grow a beard
human form; ( daman) dyed in the
wool, inveterate law and lay insult, abuse,
invective, vilification, defamation
lama (n. un.) a piece of flesh or
meat lay, dual: layn, pl.
alin, luiy jawbone
lama, luma pl. luam woof,
weft (of a fabric); decisive factor, motif; liya pl. luan, lian beard,
luma relationship, kinship whiskers (on cheeks and chin), full beard
alaqa liyatah to let ones
lamya conjunctiva beard grow; l. at-tais salsify
lam fleshy, corpulent; carnivorous (Tregopogon porrifolium; bot.)
lim pl. -t soldering; welding; luayya2 Luhaiya (town in NW
soldered seam, soldered joint; solder Yemen, on Red Sea)
lam butcher; solderer; welder li bast
lam fleshy al long-bearded
lama fleshiness, corpulence multain bearded, having a beard,
e.g., ( bi-liya saud) a
malama pl. malim2 black-bearded man
bloody fight, slaughter, massacre, fierce
battle II to abridge ( s.th.); to summarize, sum
up, epitomize, condense, compress (
ir malam heroic poem s.th.); to excerpt ( s.th.), make an excerpt
iltim close union; cohesion; or extract ( of); to give the essence of
conjunction, union, connection, s.th.; to sketch, outline ( s.th.); pass.
coherence; adhesion (phys.); grapple, yulakkau it can he summed up (
struggle, fight, close combat to the effect that) V to he summarized,
 be epitomized, be condensed, be summed
up ( in), amount briefly ( to), be in its
essence ( s.th.), narrow down ( to)
talk abridgement;
condensation; summary, resume; epitome,
abstract, synopsis, outline; brier, abort
report
mulakka abridged, excerpted,
summarized, condensed; (pl. -t) extract,
excerpt, essence, gist
laklaka to shake, shake off ( s.th.) II
talaklaka to shake, totter
mulaklak shaky, unsteady,
tottering
lakama, lukama sluggish; gauche,
awkward, clumsy
lakan putrid stench
alkan2, f. lakn2, pl. lukn
stinking; uncircumcized (as an abusive
term)
1 in the presence of, in front of, before, with
lida see
2
al-lidd Lydda (city and international
airport in W Israel)
3
ladda a (ladd) to dispute violently, have a
fierce quarrel ( with s.o.) II to defame,
slander ( s.o.); to bewilder, perplex,
nonplus V to turn helplessly right and left,
be bewildered, perplexed, confused; to be
headstrong, recalcitrant
ladad vehement quarrel, violent
dispute
ladd, aladd2, f. ladd2, pl.
ludd, lidd, alidd2 fierce, grim,
dogged, tough ( adw) mortal
enemy, archenemy, foe; do.
mutaladdid obstinate, recalcitrant,
headstrong, rebellious 862
ladaga u (ladg) to sting, bite (snake, s.o.);
to taunt, hurt, offend ( s.o.)
ladga sting; bite
ladg pl. ludag2, ladg
stung; bitten
1
laduna u ( ladna, ludna) to be
soft, supple, pliant, flexible, resilient,
elastic II to soften ( s.th.); to mollify,
attenuate, temper, ease, mitigate, alleviate
( s.th.)
ladn pl. ludn, lidn soft,
gentle; pliant, pliable, flexible, supple,
resilient, elastic; plastic
ldan, ldin laudanum
ladna and ludna softness,
pliability, flexibility, suppleness,
plasticity, resilience, elasticity
ladin2 plastics
2
ladun (prep.) at, by, near, close to; in the
presence of, in front of, before, with; in
possession of; from, on the part of;
since; -- (conj.) since, from the moment
when; do.
ladun (i.e. ) mystic;
( ilm), knowledge imparted
directly by God through mystic intuition
(in Sufism)
lad (prep.) at, by (place and time);
in case of need, if necessary;
ladaihi he has; the condition you
are in, your state of mind; ...
(gairu) we know no more than what ...
ladda (1st pers. perf. ladidtu) a ( ladad,
ladda) to be sweet, delicious,
delightful, pleasant, gratify the senses II
and IV to please, gratify, delight ( s.o.); to
give pleasure ( to s.o.) V and VIII to be
pleased, delighted ( at), delight, revel,
take pleasure ( in), be gratified ( by);
to find ( s.th.) delicious or pleasant, take
delight ( in), enjoy, savor, relish ( s.th.)
X to find delicious or pleasant ( s.th.); to
find delightful ( s.th.); to take pleasure (
in)
ladda pl. -t joy, rapture, bliss;
pleasure, enjoyment, delectation, delight;
sensual delight, lust, voluptuousness
ladd pl. ludd, lidd delicious,
delightful; pleasant; beautiful, wonderful,
splendid, magnificent; sweet
ladda pl. ladid2 sweetness;
charm; bliss; rapture; enjoyment,
delectation; pleasure, delight
 maladda pl. -t, maldd2 joy,
pleasure, amenity, comfort; delightfulness,
enjoyment, delectation; voluptuousness
mutaladdid epicure
ladaa a (lad) to burn ( s.th.); to brand,
cauterize ( s.o.); to hurt (with words),
insult, offend ( s.o.) V to burn
lada burning, combustion;
conflagration, fire rifle fire
ladd burning; very hot,
scorching; pungent, acrid, sharp; biting
(words)
lauda and lauda
sagacious, ingenious, witty, quick-witted,
quick at repartee
laudaya sagacity, ingenuity,
esprit, wit, quick-wittedness, mental
alertness
ldi burning; pungent, acrid,
biting; sharp
ldia pl. lawdi2 gibe, taunt cose by
al-ldiqya Latakia, the ancient
Laodicea (seaport in W Syria)
1
ladiya a (ladan) to adhere, cleave ( to)
2
look up alphabetically 863
lazza (1st pers. perf. lazaztu) u (lazz,
lazaz, lizz) to tie ( s.th. to),
connect or join firmly, unite ( s.th.
with), make ( s.th.) stick ( to) II to
connect or join firmly, press together (
s.th.); to cram together; to urge, press,
coerce ( s.o. to) VI to be crammed
together; to lie close together V and VIII
to be united, joined, connected ( with);
to adhere, cleave, stick ( to)
lazz and lazza U bolt, staple, cramp
mulazzaz crammed together;
closely united; firm, solid, compact
lazaba u ( luzb) to be firm, be firmly
fixed, hold fast; to adhere, cleave, cling (
to); to stick ( to); -- laziba a (lazab) to
cohere, cleave together, stick together
lazib pl. lizb little
lazba pl. lizab misfortune,
calamity
lzib sticking, adhering, clinging;
firm, firmly fixed
(arbata l.) to become necessary,
indispensable; ( uriba) to
meet with grave misfortune, be stricken
by disaster
lazija a (lazaj, luzj) to be
sticky, ropy, gluey, viscid; to stick, cling,
get stuck ( to)
lazij sticky, gluey, ropy, viscid;
adhesive
luzja stikiness, glueyness,
ropiness, viscidity
laziqa a ( luzq) to adhere, cling,
cleave, stick, ( to) II to affix, post (
s.th.); to stick on, paste on ( s.th.); to
paste together ( s.th.); (eg.) to palm off,
foist ( s.th. on s.o.) IV to Palte on,
stick on, affix ( s.th.) VIII = I
lizq adjoining, adjacent, contiguous
lizqah or close to his side,
laziq sticky, gluey
lazqa compress, stupe; plaster
lizq adhesive, agglutinant, glue,
cement, paste
lazq and lzq compress,
stupe; plaster, adhesive plaster, court
plaster
lazima a ( luzm) to cling,
adhere, belong ( to), attend, accompany (
s.th.); to persist, persevere ( in), stick,
keep ( to), keep doing ( s.th.);to adhere,
be attached, keep close, stick ( to s.o.); to
be inseparable ( from s.o., from s.th.);
to stay permanently ( in); to be
necessary; to be requisite, imperative,
indispensable ( for s.o.); to be incumbent
( upon s.o.), be s.o.s ( )duty
))to stay at home (in bed);
(amta) to keep went, maintain silence III
to attend, accompany ( s.th.); to adhere,
stick, keep ( to); to pursue or practice
incessantly ( s.th.); to be constantly with
s.o. or in s.o.s company (), be constantly
around s.o. ( )to be assigned ( to),
accompany, attend ( s.o.); to be
inseparable ( from s.th., from s.o.); to
keep doing ( s.th.), persist, persevere (
in); to work with perseverance, display mulzama adhesion, clinging,
sustained activity ( for) IV to force, sticking; remaining, staying, dwelling;
compel ( s.o. to); to force, press ( , close attachment; dependence;
also upon s.o. s.th.); to enjoin, impose inseparableness, inherence, intrinsicality;
as a duty ( , also on s.o. s.th.), following, pursuit, pursuance;
obligate ( , also s.o. to or to do s.th.) perseverance, assiduity, zeal
( ujja) to force proof on s.o., ilzm coercion, compulsion
force s.o. to accept an argument;
to confine s.o. to bed, compel s.o. to ilzm forced, compulsory,
my in bed (of a disease); ( or obligatory, required
)to impose the payment of a sum on iltizm pl. -t necessity; duty,
s.o. VI to be attached or devoted to each obligation, commitment, liability;
other, be inseparable VIII to 864 adhere, engagement (philos. ); contract; farming
stick, keep, hang on ( to); to keep doing of taxes, farmage; concession, license,
( s.th.), persist, persevere ( in), keep franchise; monopoly; iltizman by
up, maintain preserve ( s.th.), abide ( contract, by the job to meet
by); to take upon o.s. ( s.th.); to make a ones obligations
rule ( of s.th.), make ( s.th.) ones duty,
impose upon o.s. ( s.th.); to assume as a lzim inherent, intrinsic,
duty ( or s.th.); to undertake, obligate inseparable, indissoluble; necessary,
o.s., bind o.s., pledge ( or to do s.th.); requisite, imperative, indispensable,
to be in duty bound, be obligated or under unavoidable, inevitable, inescapable;
obligation, be or become liable ( or to incumbent, binding, obligatory;
do s.th.); to be forced, be compelled ( or intransitive (gram.); legally binding,
a to do s.th.); to be responsible ( or irrevocable (Isl. Law) as it must
for); to take over the monopoly ( of be, comme il faut, properly
s.th.), monopolize, farm ( e.g., the lzima fixed attribute, inherent
levying of tax..) X to deem necessary ( property; standing phrase (of s.o.)
s.th.); to necessitate, make necessary or
requisite (a s.th.); to require, need ( lawzim2 (pl.) necessary,
s.th.), call ( for), be in need ( of s.th.) inseparable attributes or manifestations;
necessities, exigencies, requirements;
lazma pl. -t official concessions, necessaries, requisites; necessaries,
license, franchise fixtures
luzm necessity, exigency, malzm obligated, under
requirement; need, want obligation, liable ( ad)
asaba l-l. as required, as the occasion liable for taxes, taxable
demands; in case of need, when
(if) necessary, if need be; malzmya duty, obligation,
( l. as-safar bi-l-bar) biscuit for the commitment, liability
voyage mulzim tenacious (with foil. gen.
lizm necessary, requisite; it.: of), clinging, keeping, sticking (with
necessity, duty, obligation foll. genit.: to); persevering, persisting,
to be s.o.s duty to ..., be necessary for remaining, abiding; inseparable; closely
s.o. that he ... connected, or attached; attending,
accompanying; adhering; adherent,
alzam2 more necessary, most follower, partisan; second lieutenant
necessary (U.A.R., Tun.) ( awwal; U.A.R.,
malzama pl. malzim2 Leb., Jord., Ir.) first lieutenant;
section, signature (of a book, = 16 octavo (tnin; Leb., Jord., Ir., formerly also Eg.,
sheets) syr.) second lieutenant 865
milzama pl. malzim2 vise; multazim engaged, committed,
press under obligation; holder of a concession
 or monopoly; tax farmer; concessionaire,
concessionary; contractor
multazam pl. -t requirement
mustalzamt requirements,
prerequisites, requisites; necessary or
inevitable consequences
lastik and lastk rubber; eraser
lasaa a (las) to sting ( s.o.); to burn
( s.th., e.g., the mouth); to hurt (with
words; s.o.)
lasa sting, bite; biting words
las pl. las, lusa2 to be suppressed, be crushed, be
stung
lsi stinging; burning; biting,
acrid, pungent, sharp
lasina a (lasan) to be eloquent II to point,
taper, sharpen ( s.th.)
lasan eloquence
lasin and alsan2, f. lasn2,
pl. alsun eloquent
lisn m. and f. , pl. alsina,
alsun tongue; language; mouthpiece (fig.),
organ (esp., of a newspaper; =
see below) from his mouth,
through him; ( l. i-uuf)
through the organ of the press;
( qla) things were ascribed to him which
..., he was rumored to have said things
which ...; ( rasm) official organ;
( mutaaddit) a
spokesman of the Foreign Ministry;
or lisnan orally, verbally;
( a. il-k wa-l-mm) to be
the talk of the town, be on everyones lips;
l. at-taur borage (Borago
officinalis; bot.); the language
which things themselves speak, silent
language, mute expression (as
distinguished from the spoken word);
organ (of a party or political movement; a
newspaper); while he
seemed to say ..., with an expression as if
he wanted to say ...; l. al-amal
plantain (Plantago major L.; bot.);
l. al-ufur common ash (Fraxinus
excelsior; bot.); l. al-qufl bolt of
the lock; l. al-qaum spokesman
(of a crowd); l. al-kalb hounds-
tongue (Cynoglossum; bos.); (eg.) also a
variety of scorpions tail (Scorpiurus
muricatus L.; bot.), having circinately
coiled pods; l. al-mift bit of
the key; d lisanain double-
tongued, deceitful, insincere, two-faced
lisn oral, verbal
malsn liar
libna2 Lisbon (capital of
Portugal)
( ;* from l aia:) III to suppress,
crush, destroy, ruin, annihilate (. s.th.) VI
destroyed, be annihilated; to come to
nothing, be ruined, be frustrated, fail; to
disappear, vanish, dwindle, wane, fade
mulh annihilation, destruction
talin annihilation, ruin, failure,
frustration; disappearance, evanescence,
vanishing, waning, decline
mutalin coming to nothing,
dwindling, waning; destructible;
evanescent, transient, ephemeral
laa u (la) to do stealthily or secretly (
s.th.); to rob, steal ( s.th.) V to become a
thief; to act stealthily
li pl. lu, al
thief, robber
luya thievery, theft,
robbery
mutalai behaving like a
thief, thievish ( at) to
steal to, sneak up to 866
laiqa a (laq, luq) to adhere,
cleave, cling, stick ( to) II to paste
together, stick together ( s.th.) III to
adjoin ( s.th.), be next ( to s.th.), be
contiguous (with), abut ( on), touch (
s.th.); to be in touch, in connection, in
contact ( with s.o.) IV to attach, affix,
stick, paste, glue ( s.th. to); to connect
( s.th. with), join ( s.th. to); to bring (
s.th.) close ( to); to press ( s.th.
against) ( laua) to post a
placard; ( tuhma) to raise an
accusation against s.o. VI to cleave
together, cling together, cohere, stick
together; to agglomerate, conglomerate,
 cake, frit together; to blend, pass into each
other VIII = I; to hang on ( to), get stuck
( to, on); to fit closely ( s.th.), cling (
to)
liq adhering, clinging, cleaving
close to him (or it); ) )
he and I are inseparable
laiq sticky, gluey, glutinous;
adhesive, agglutinant; tenacious
laq one who cleaves or clings (
to); adjoining, adjacent, bordering,
neighboring, abutting, contiguous; close-
fitting, skintight (dress)
laq plaster
mulaqa junction, conjunction,
connection, contact, union; adjacency,
contiguity; O adhesion, cohesion (phys.)
ilq poster, bill
taluq and iltiq s.o.), humor ( s.o.); to flatter ( s.o.), fawn
cohesion, adhesion; contiguity, contact;
coherence
muliq adjoining, adjacent,
abutting, contiguous, bordering,
neighboring, in close contact; companion;
neighbor; adherent
mulaq attached, affixed; stuck
on, pasted on, glued on; fastened; brought
close; connected, joined; (pl. -t) poster,
bill, placard
mutaliq cohering, sticking
together; blending, passing into each other
multaiq attached, affixed,
adhesive, sticking; adjoining, adjacent,
bordering, neighboring; contiguous,
connected, meeting or touching each
other, in contact; in the immediate
proximity ( of), close to ()
malm de (row), close (rank)
laaka a (lak) to stain, blot, sully, soil,
spatter, splash ( s.th. with) II do. V to
he soiled or stained
laka pl. laakt smear, blotch,
spot; stain, blemish, blot, disgrace
luaka pl. -t and lik ass,
dolt, fool
laasa u (las) to strike, hit ( s.o.)
mils pl. mals2 pickax
laaa u (la) to strike, hit ( s.o.)
laaa a (la) to strike, hit ( s.o.); to strike
out, erase ( s.th.)
laa blot, stain
laafa u (luf) to be kind and
friendly ( or to, toward s.o.); -- laufa
u ( lafa) to be thin, fine, delicate,
dainty; to be graceful; to be elegant; to be
nice, amiable, friendly II to make mild,
soft, gentle, soften ( s.th.); to mitigate,
alleviate, ease, soothe, allay, palliate,
assuage, extenuate ( s.th.; also ;)to
moderate, temper, lessen, diminish, reduce
( s.th.; also ;)to tone down ( s.th.;
also )III to treat with kindness, with
benevolence ( s.o.); to be civil and polite
( to, toward s.o.); to be complaisant,
obliging, indulgent, compliant ( toward
( upon); to caress, fondle, pet ( s.o.)
( katifih) to pat s.o. on
the shoulder
V to be mitigated, be tempered, be
moderated; to be civil and polite, show
o.s. friendly and kind, be so kind as to do
s.th. ( ;)to bestow most kindly, have the
kindness to give ( s.th., also, e.g.,
advice. to s.o.); to be tender,
affectionate, nice ( to s.o.); to win (
s.o.) over by subtle means, by favors, by
tricks; to go about s.th. ( or )gently,
carefully, with caution; to do secretly,
covertly, without being noticed ( with
verbal noun: s.th.) VI to show o.s. friendly
and kind; to be polite, courteous, civil,
nice X to find ( s.th.) pretty, sweet, nice;
to like, find pleasant or charming ( s.th.)
lutf pl. alf kindness,
benevolence, friendliness; gentleness,
mildness; civility, courteousness,
politeness; daintiness, cuteness,
gracefulness; delicateness, delicate grace
(e.g., of the limbs) gently, softly
lafa thinness fineness,
delicateness; gracefulness, loveliness,
charm; kindness, benevolence;
friendliness; politeness, esprit, intellectual
refinement, sophistication; suavity,
urbaneness
 laf pl. lif, luaf2 dupe ( s.o.) ( aurqa) to
thin; fine; delicate, dainty; little, small, play cards; ( dauran) to play a part
insignificant; gentle, soft, light, mild; or role; to make music;
pleasant, agreeable; amiable, friendly, ( aranj) to play chess;
kind, nice; civil, courteous, polite; affable, he became the sport of sorrows;
genial; pretty, charming, lovely, graceful; ( aqlilh) to turn s.o.s head II to
intellectually refined, full of esprit, make ( s.th.) play, set ( s.th.) going; to
brilliant, witty; elegant; the Kind wag ( the tail) III to play ( with s.o.); to
(one of the attributes of God) O 888 have fun, play around, jest, dally,
my God! good heavens! for goodness trifle ( with s.o.) IV to make play, cause
sake! ( jins) the fair sex to play ( s.o.) V to play, act playfully VI
to play ( with s.th.); to make fun ( of
lafa pl. laif2 witticism,
quip; joke, jest; subtlety, nicety s.o.), mock ( at s.o.); to pull s.o.s ()
leg; to playa trick; to act fraudulently
l. al-iyal subtle tricks; l.
an-nukt nice jokes lab, lib, laib pl. alb play;
game, joke, jest; (un, amusement,
alaf2 finer; more delicate; kinder,
diversion, pastime, sport
nicer, more elegant
gambling, gamble; the
mulafa amiable treatment, Olympic Games; ( riyya)
amiability; civility, courteousness, athletics, sports; ( sirya)
politeness; friendliness; benevolence, legerdemain, sleight of hand, magic;
kindness; caress; pl. -t caresses a. as-quw athletics, specif., track
talauf friendliness ( toward and
s.o.), amiability; favoring, favoritism; field; ( nrya) fireworks;
civility, courteousness, politeness athletic field; mudarris
mulaaft sedatives al-a. athletic coach, athletics instructor

laama i (lam) to strike with the
hand ( the face, with despair, in
lamentation); to slap ( s.o.); to jolt; to
eject; to bump, strike ( against s.th.); to
hit ( s.th.) VI to exchange blows, fight,
brawl, battle (hostile armies); to collide,
clash (waves) VIII to collide, clash
lama pl. laamt blow; slap, box
on the ear; jolt, thrust
lam parentless
malam cheek
multaam clash (esp., of waves),
tumult, turmoil (of a battle, and the like),
melee
laib funny, amusing, merry, gay
laba (n. un.) game; trick
luba pl. luab plaything, toy;
doll; butt for mirth or derision, sport,
laughingstock
luba, lab and lib
very playful
lub saliva, spittle; slaver, drivel
l. a-ams gossamer, air
threads; his mouth watered for
lub salivary; mucous, slimy
luaiba pl. -t (little) doll

laiya a ( laan) to burn brightly, flare, lab flighty, coquettish,

flame, blaze, be ablaze; to burn with rage flirtatious (woman); playful, dallying,
V and VIII do. trifling

laan blazing fire, blaze, flame ulba pl. alb2 plaything,

laaba and laiba a (lab) to slaver; to
slobber, drool (baby); -- laiba a (lub,
lib, laib, talb) to play ( with
s.th.; an instrument); to toy ( with); to
dally ( with); to trick, cheat, deceive,
toy; play, sport, dalliance; fun; prank;
trick
malab pl. malib2
playground; athletic field, stadium;
playhouse, theater; scene; circus ring; pl.
 malib matches, contests, events
(in sports)
malaba plaything, toy
talub game (e.g., of a
speculator, of a gambler), gamble; free
play ( majl) free play, free
scope, elbow-room; latitude, margin;
clearance
lib playing; player; sportsman;
athlete; gymnast l. al-jumbz
gymnast, athlete
malb pl. malb2
covered with spittle; slobbering, driveling,
drooling; prank, trick, ruse, artifice
mulib fellow player; playmate,
playfellow; fraudulent
II talatama to hesitate; to falter, stutter,
stammer
latama and talatum
hesitation; stuttering, stutter
mutalatim and m. al-
lisn stammering, stuttering
laaja a (laj) to hurt, be sore, burn III to
oppress, distress, agonize ( s.o.)
laja pain
lij pl. lawij2 ardent,
burning (esp., love); pl. ardent love,
ardor (of love)
alas2, f. las2 red-lipped
laiqa a (laq, laqa, luqa) to lick ( lagaza u (lagz) to speak in riddles; to
s.th.)
laqa spoonful
laq electuary
milaqa pl. maliq2 spoon
teaspoon
1
lal garnet (min.)
2
laalla see 2
lalaa to resound, reverberate,
clang, roar, boom II talalaa to shimmer,
glimmer, gleam, flicker; to be starved;
869 to be parched with thirst; to be
2
lala pl. lali vibration of
fata morgana
laana a (lan) to curse, damn, execrate (
s.o.), utter imprecations ( against s.o.) III
to utter the oath of condemnation (
lin, q.v.) VI to curse each other
lan cursing, execration,
malediction
lana pl. laant, lin curse;
execration, imprecation
Gods curse upon him!
luna damned, cursed, confounded;
execrable, abominable
lin oath of condemnation; sworn
allegation of adultery committed by either
husband or wife (Isl. Law)
lan and maln pl.
maln2 cursed; confounded; damned;
outcast, execrable; detested, abhorred,
abominable; the Evil One, the Devil
mutalin cursing each other,
hostile, inimical
laan laka call to one who has stumbled:
may you rise again!
lugb, lagub exhaustion, lassitude,
fatigue, weariness; great pains, trouble,
toil
lgib pl. luggab languid,
fatigued, weary, tired
lugd pl. algd, lugd and
lugdd pl. lagdd2 flesh at the
throat and under the chin
equivocate III and IV do.
lugz pl. algz riddle, puzzle;
enigma; conundrum; mystery, secret O
l. al-kalimt al-
mutaqia crossword puzzle
mulgaz puzzling, enigmatic,
cryptic, mysterious; dark, obscure,
ambiguous, equivocal
lagaa a (lag, lig) to be clamorous
and noisy; to raise a din; to shout, clamor
II and IV do.
lag, laga, pl. alg noise, din;
clamor, shouting; lamentation ( over or
for s.th.) i uproar, turmoil, tumult
2
lagama to mine, plant with mines ( s.th.)
 lugm, lagam pl. algm mine
lagm and ilgm mining (e.g., of
a harbor, of a road, etc.)
2 laffa u (laff) to wrap up, roll up, fold up (
IV to amalgamate, alloy with mercury
lugm foam, froth
ilgm amalgamation
lagmaa (eg.) to smear, sully, soil
) )lag u (lagw) to speak; to be null; --
lag u (lagw) and lagiya a ( lagan,
lgiya, malgh) to talk nonsense;
to make mistakes (in speaking) sV to
render ineffectual ( s.th.); to declare null
and void or invalid, invalidate, nullify,
annul, abolish, abrogate, eliminate (
s.th.), do away ( with s.th.); to cancel (
a project); to withdraw ( permission, a
motion)
lagw foolish talk; nonsense; null,
nugatory, ineffectual; mistake, blunder,
ungrammatical language
luga pl. -t language; dialect; idiom;
vernacular; lingo, jargon; word;
expression, term; classical Arabic
( ajnabya) foreign language;
( mmya) popular language; enfolding; rolling, folding; (eg.)
literary language; l. al-
mudata colloquial language; l.
al-mihna professional jargon, slang;
l. al-maulid mother 870 tongue;
ahl al-l. philologists, lexicographers;
ilm al-l. lexicography, philology,
linguistic science, linguistics
lagwa dialect, idiom, vernacular
lugaw linguistic; philologic(al);
lexicographic(al); philologist,
lexicographer, linguist; linguistic
matters, philologica
ilg abolishment, abolition,
abrogation, repeal, elimination,
cancellation, revocation, rescission;
annulment, nullification, quashing;
countermand
lgin abrogated, repealed, annulled,
canceled, invalid, ineffective, null and
void
lgiya grammatical mistake,
incorrect usage
mulgan abrogated, repealed,
annulled, canceled, invalid, void;
abolished; expired; suppressed; negligible
s.th.); to wind, coil, spool, reel ( s.th.); to
wind ( s.th. on; s.th. around),
twist, wrap, fold ( s.th. around); to
envelop ( or s.th. in or with), cover,
swathe, swaddle ( s.th. or in or
with), wrap, infold ( or s.th. in); to
connect ( s.th. with), join, attach (
s.th. to); to grow densely, be overgrown,
form a tangled mass; to make a round of
calls ( on), visit ( people); (eg.) to
go around s.th. (), go about s.th. ( )in a
roundabout way, make a detour, beat
about the bush ( laffah) to do just
like s.o., be of the same kind as s.o.,
belong to the same sort as s.o. II to wrap
up or infold tightly V to wrap o.s. up (
in), cover o.s. ( with) VIII do.; to wind,
twist, coil; to turn, make a turn
(automobile, etc.); to intertwine, grow in a
tangled mass; to gather, assemble, rally (
around); to clasp, enclose, encircle,
embrace ( s.th.)
laff winding, coiling; wrapping,
circumambience, circumvention, detour,
roundabout way, subterfuge, dodge,
excuses; pl. alff swaddling clothes,
diapers ( dawarn) detours
and evasions; ( nar) folding and
unfolding; involution and evolution
(rhet.); without much ado,
without ceremony
liff pl. alff densely growing
trees; pl. thicket, scrub, undergrowth,
brushwood
laffa pl. -t turn, rotation, revolution;
coil, twist, convolution, whorl, spire;
winding; roll, scroll; pack, packet,
package, bundle, bale; turban
(bardya) postal package;
(raqq) parchment scrolls
liffa pl. -t, lafif wrapping,
covering, cover, envelope; wrapper, wrap;
altar cloth, cloth covering the paten and
chalice (Copt.-Chr.); bandage; swaddling
band; puttee; cigarette (also
min at-tibg); pl. ( fig.) guise (of s.th.)
 laff gathered, assembled; stately, imposing; do.; to
crowded, thronging; multitude, crowd, attract, interest, or captivate people V to
swarm, body, cluster, group ( of turn, turn around, turn ones face ( to);
people); mixed company mob, to look around, glance around; to peer
rabble, riffraff; ( ajnab) the around ( aulah) to look
Foreign Legion around, glance around;
(yamnatan wa-yasratan) he looked to the
laffa bundle; package, pocket,
right and left VIII to turn, turn around,
pack; cigarette
turn ones face ( to); to wheel around,
alaff2 f. laff2 stout, plump turn around; to address o.s. ( to); to pay
(figure, body) attention, attend ( to), heed, observe,
milaff pl. -t reel, spool; coil (el.); bear in mind, consider, take into account,
winding; wrapping, covering, casing; take into consideration ( s.th.); to take
blanket, sleeping blanket; cover, wrapper, care ( of), care ( for)
jacket (of a book, etc.); (letter) envelope; (aulah) to look around, glance about X
folder, portfolio; letter file; 871 dossier to attract ( the eye, attention); to claim,
O induction coil (el.); O arouse, awaken ( the interest, the
( ibtid) primary coil (el.); O attention, of s.o.) ( or
choking coil, choke (el.) )to arouse or attract s.o.s attention,
catch s.o.s eye
milff wrapping, covering, cover
lift turnip (Brassica rapa L.; bot.)
talff pl. talff2 winding;
coil, twist, convolution, whorl, spire; pl. lafta (n. un.) turnabout, about-face;
expletive after , e.g., (pl. lalatt) turn, turning; gesture;
( suwaidih) in the depth of her sideglance, glance, a furtive, casual, or
heart; ( alm) in the dark; quick, look
in it, inside it, around in it laft and laft ill-tempered,
iltiff turn; bypassing, surly, sullen
outflanking, sank movement, alfat2, f. laft2, pl. luft left-
envelopment, surrounding handed
malff wound, coiled; wrapped iltift turn, inclination, turning (
up ( in); rolled up, rolled together, to, toward); attention, notice, heed; regard,
convolute; twisted, wound ( around); consideration; care, solicitude; sudden
fastened, attached ( to); swathed ( in transition (styl.) bi-dn l-ilt.
or with); plump, stout (body); (syr.) inattentive(ly);
cabbage inconsiderate of, without consideration
multaff winding, twisting, coiling; for; adam al-ilt. inattention;
wound, coiled; rolled up, rolled together, ( bi-ain l-ilt.) to give
convolute; spirally wound; intertwined, s.th. sympathetic consideration
interwoven, entwined; gathered, istilfta (n. vic.) a turning ( to,
assembled, grouped ( around); toward); turn of the face or eyes; side-
clasping, enclosing, embracing, encircling glance, glance
( s.th.)
istilft stimulation of attention
lafata i (laft) and IV to turn, bend,
tilt, incline, direct ( s.th. to or lfita sign (bearing an inscription)
toward), focus ( s.th. on); to turn mulfit: ( naar) attracting
sway, avert ( s.th. from) attention, striking, conspicuous
(naarah), to turn ones eyes
multafit turning around, looking (
or ones attention to; to direct s.o.s eyes at); regardful; attentive; heedful,
to, call s.o.s attention to; to catch careful; considerate
the eye, attract attention; to be impressive,
 lafaa a (laf, lafan) to burn, falsify ( s.th.); to trump up ( s.th.); to
scorch, sear ( s.o., s.th.); -- (laf) to patch up, piece together ( a s.th. with)
872 strike lightly; to touch, brush ( s.th., talfq invention, fabrication,
e.g., of the breath) concoction, fibbing; falsification
lafa pl. lafat fire, heat (esp., of talfqa pl. -t invented story, fib,
fever) yarn
laf and lfi pl. lawfi2 mulaffaq invented, fabricated,
burning, scorching, searing trumped up, fake, fictitious; concocted,
luff mandrake (Mandragora contrived, devised; patched up, pieced
officinarum; bot.) together; embellished with lies
lafaa i (lafz) to emit ( s.th.); to spit laflafa to wrap up, envelop, cover (a s.th.)
out ( s.th.); to eject ( s.th.); to II talaflafa to wrap o.s. up ( in)
throw ( s.o.) out ( of); to speak, IV to find ( s.o., s.th.) VI to put right, to
enunciate, articulate; to pronounce, utter, right, repair, correct ( s.th.); to make
express, voice, say ( s.th.) good ( a deficiency), eliminate, remove (
( nafas) to breathe ones last, die, a danger); to remedy ( s.th.); to redress
expire; to be in the throes of death; ( a loss, and the like), make up ( for a
( anfsah) to be in the throes of loss)
death, breathe ones last;
(lafa n-nawh) to spit s.th. out like a date mulfh correction, adjustment,
pit, brush s.th. aside, reject s.th., dismiss elimination (of a deficiency)
s.th. V to pronounce, enunciate, articulate talfin repair, correction;
( s.th.) elimination, removal (of a deficiency, of a
laf pl. alf sound-group, danger); remedy; redress, reparation
phonetic complex; expression, term; II to call, surname ( s.o. by an agnomen
word; wording; formulation; articulation, or title) V to be surnamed ( by an
enunciation, pronunciation; verbatim, agnomen or title)
literally ( manan) in letter and
spirit; ( akaa) to mispronounce laqab pl. alqb agnomen;
nickname; title, honorific; last name,
laf of or pertaining to words, surname, family name (as opposed to
verbal; literal; pronounced; oral given name, first name) title
lafa pl. lafat word; utterance, of champion (in sports)
saying mulaqqab surnamed, nicknamed,
laf ejected, emitted; pronounced, called ( by the laqab ...) 873
uttered laqaa a (laq) and II to impregnate,
talaffu pronunciation, enunciation, fecundate, pollinate ( s.th.); to graft, bud
articulation ( a tree); to inoculate, vaccinate ( s.o.)
VI to cross-pollinate
malf ejected, emitted;
pronounced, uttered laq impregnation, fecundation,
pollination
lafaa a (laf): l. -aibu
rasah grey hair covered his bead II to laq seed, semen, sperm; pollen;
cover ( s.th., with) l. - infective agent, virus; vaccine
aibu rasah = I; V and VIII to wrap o.s. l. al-judar variolovaccine; O
up ( in) serum
milfa head shawl, muffler talq impregnation, fecundation,
pollination, grafting, budding; inoculation,
II to invent, fabricate ( s.th.); to concoct,
vaccination t. al-judar
contrive, devise, think out ( s.th.); to
vaccination (against smallpox)
 daqq al-lawqi2 pollen laqlaqa clatter (of a stork); babble,
mulaqqa inoculated, vaccinated chatter, prattle; (eg.) gossip
1
laqama u (laqm) to clog up, obstruct, block
laqis: l. an-nafs annoyed,
( s.th.); -- laqima a (/aqrn) to eat,
cross
devour. gobble, swallow up ( s.th.) II to
laqaa u (laq) to gather, collect, feed bit by bit ( s.o.); to load ( a
pick up from the ground, glean ( s.th.) II weapon; syr.) ( qahwa) to stir
= I V to gather, glean ( s.th.); to pick up ground coffee into hot water IV to make (
( s.th., also, e.g., with the ear) VIII = I; s.o.) swallow; to feed bit by bit ( s.o.)
to receive ( radio waves, a radio VIII to devour, swallow up ( s.th.)
message; to take ( a picture; phot.) luqma pl. luqam bite; bit, mouthful;
( ra) to make a picture little piece, morsel titbit,
laqa that which ill picked up or choice morsel: ( jaalah)
gathered, leftovers, gleanings to make s.o. an easy prey of ...;
pastry of fine flour, fried in oil like
luqa that which ill picked up or doughnuts and sprinkled with sugar or
gleaned, gleanings; article or thing found; honey
(lucky) find; (eg.) bargain, pickup
luqaima pl. -t snack, bit, morsel
luq and luqa that which is
picked up or gleaned; leftover ears of mulaqqim pl. -n (syr.; mil.)
grain, gleanings; offal, refuse assistant gunner, loader, cannoneer no. 1
2
laq pl. luqat2 picked up, laqm or ( magr.) palm wine 874
found; foundling 3
luqmn2 Lokman, a legendary sage and
laqa (female) foundling author of numerous fables
( baqiyat) everything has
milqa pl. malqi2 (pair of) remained as before
tongs, pincers; (pair of) tweezers, pincette;
(pair of) pliers forceps; laqina a ( laqna, laqniya) to
fire tongs understand, grasp ( s.th.); to gather,
infer, note ( s.th.) II to teach ( s.o.
iltiqt gathering, collection, s.th.), instruct ( s.o. in); to dictate (
gleaning; taking up, picking up; reception to s.o. s.th.); to instill, infuse, inculcate,
(radio) jah al-ilt. receiver inspire ( in s.o. s.th.), insinuate, suggest
(radio) ( to s.o. s.th.); to whisper ( to s.o.
lqi receiving (radio set); gleaner; s.th.), prompt ( s.o.) V = I; to learn,
gatherer O l. a-aut pickup receive, get ( s.th. from), be informed
(of a phonograph); phonograph; O ( of s.th. by)
mine sweeper laqna and laqniya quick
multaqi finder understanding, grasp
laqaa a (laq) to throwaway, discard ( talqn instruction, direction;
s.th.) dictation; dictate; inspiration, insinuation,
suggestion; suborning of a witness (Isl.
laqifa a (laqf, laqatan) to seize Law)
quickly, grab, snatch ( s.th.); to catch (
s.th.); to snatch up, take over ( s.th. mulaqqin prompter; inspirer; a
from s.o.) V and VIII do.; to seize ( on), faqh who instructs the deceased at his
rob, usurp ( s.th.) grave what to tell the two angels of death
laqlaqa to clatter (stork); to babble, laqwa facial paralysis
chatter, prattle laqiya a ( liq, luqyn,
laqlaq and laqlq pl. luqy, luqya, luqan) to encounter (
laqliq2 stork s.o., s.th.), meet ( with s.o., with
s.th.); to meet ( s.o.); to come across s.o.
or s.th. ( ), light upon s.o. or s.th. ( ;) s.o.; to direct, instruct s.o., give s.o.
to find ( s.o., s.th.); to experience, instructions; ( kalimata
undergo, suffer, endure (III s.th.), meet -alq) he pronounced the formula of
with s.th. ( ;)to fall to s.o.s ( )lot or divorce against her;
share III to meet, come to meet ( s.o.); to (muhara) to give a lecture, hold a class;
encounter ( s.o.), have an encounter ( ( maslya) to place
with); to come across s.o. or s.th. ( ), the responsibility on s.o., saddle s.o. with
light upon s.o. or s.th. ( ;)to the responsibility V receive ( , s.o.,
experience, undergo, suffer, endure ( s.th.); to take, accept ( s.th.); to get,
s.th.). meet ( with s.th.); to receive, get, obtain ( s.th.); to learn ( of s.th.
obtain, achieve ( s.th.) from), be informed ( of s.th. by); to
(giyatan) to find willing ears IV to learn ( or s.th. from s.o.), take
throw, cast, fling ( s.th.); to throw off, lessons ( from s.o.), be taught, be
throw down. drop ( s.th.); to throw instructed, be coached ( by s.o.)
away, discard ( s.th.); to put or lay ( ( amran) to receive an order, have
s.th.) before s.o. (), submit ( s.th. orders (soldier); to take orders
to s.o.), pose ( a question to s.o.); to (com., and the like);
report ( or on s.th. to s.o.), set (qabl) to agree wholeheartedly to s.th.,
forth ( or s.th. to s.o.); to recite, submit willingly to s.th.; to
play, sing ( a song, a musical take lessons in (some field, ort, science,
composition); to present ( s.th., e.g., a eto.); to study at the
broadcast); to give ( a lecture), hold ( a university VI to meet, join each other,
class), make, deliver ( a speech); to come together, get together VIII do.; to
extend ( a greeting, to s.o.); to encounter, meet ( s.o.) X to throw o.s.
impose, lay ( s.th. on s.o.), burden ( down; to lie down, lie
with s.th. s.o.) laqan pl. alq offal, discard
to pay attention to; ( baynan)
to make a statement about or on; luqya encounter, meeting; luqya,
(bai) to lay eggs; ( bi- laqya s.th. found, a find
immih) or ( m. luqy encounter, meeting
amrih) to lay ones rate in s.o.s hands,
entrust ones fate to s.o.; liqya encounter, meeting; s.th.
(binafsih) to throw o.s. into, plunge into; found, a find
( anih) to throw o.s. ulqiya riddle, conundrum
into s.o.s arms; ( bi-yadih) to
surrender to s.o., give o.s. up to s.o.; tilqa (prep.) opposite; in front of
( abl) to give froe rein, min tilqi nafsih or
give a free hand, impose no restraint; by o.s., of ones own accord,
to make a public address to; spontaneously, automatically
( dars) to recite the lesson; tilq automatic; spontaneous;
( rub, qalbih`i) to strike terror to spontaneously, automatically
s.o.s heart, frighten, alarm s.o.;
malqan pl. malqin meeting
to lay down ones arms, capitulate,
place, rendezvous; junction, crossing,
surrender; ( sam) to lend ones
intersection; road or street intersection,
ear to s.o., listen to s.o.;
crossroads
(asmahum) they lent him their ears, they
listened to him; ( sulan) to liq encounter; meeting; get
put a question to s.o., ask s.o. a question; together; reunion; liqa (prep.) in
to impose s.th. on s.o., exchange for, in return for, for, on
hold s.o. responsible for; to teach ( kafla) on bail; good by! so
sciences; ( qab) to arrest long! au revoir!
s.o.; to drop bombs on s.th., mulqh encounter, meeting, get-
bomb s.th.; ( qaul) to dictate to together, reunion; reception
 ilq throwing, casting, throw, cast,
fling; delivery, diction; dictation;
recitation, recital ilm al-i. lakama u (lakm) to strike with the fist, box,
elocution
talaqqin receipt, reception,
acceptance; acquisition (also of a skill, of
knowledge, eto.); learning (of an art, skill,
eto.); pursuit (of studies)
studies at (e.g., at a university)
talqin meeting, encounter
iltiq meeting, reunion ( with)
mulqin: mulqiyt fighter
al-a. al-barya mine layers
mulqan thrown, cast, discarded
multaqan pl. multaqayt
meeting place, rendezvous; gathering
point, collecting center; intersection,
junction, confluence, crossroads
good-by! so long! au revoir!
1 lakna: (
lakka u (lakk) to hit with the fist, to cuff,
buffet, pommel ( s.o.) VIII to be pressed
together, thickly set, crammed, jammed,
crowded; to crowd together, gather in a
mass; to make mistakes or blunders, speak
ungrammatically
2
lakk pl. alkk, lukk lac, one 3
hundred thousand (specif., 100,000
rupees)
3
lukk, lakk resin; lao; sealing wax
lakaa a ( lak) to strike, hit; -- lakia
a ( laka) to abide, remain, stay ( at a
place) V to be tardy, dilatory, slow, to
dawdle, tarry, hesitate ( in s.th.); to
loiter, loaf, hang about lima = li-m, see li
(ad) to be in default, fail to meet ones
financial obligations
lukaa hesitant, tardy, dilatory,
sluggish, slow; behindhand, in arrears,
defaulting 876
lakaza u (lakz) to strike with the fist; to
kick ( s.o.), to thrust ( s.o.)
lakiz miserly, stingy
likz pin, nail; peg
lak pl. luka moan, base,
ignominious, disgraceful, wicked,
depraved; silly, foolish
laka meanness, baseness,
disgracefulness, wickedness, depravity
punch III to engage in a fiat fight, box (
with s.o.)
lakma pl. lakamt blow with the
fist, punch
milkama boxing glove
mulkama fist fight, boxing
matoh
mulkim boxer, pugilist, prize
1
lakina a (lakan, lukna, lukna,
luknna) to speak incorrectly,
barbarously; to stammer
lukna stutter, stammer; incorrect
usage, ungrammatical language; incorrect
pronunciation
kalm) speech
defect, faltering way of speaking
alkan2, f. lakn2, pl. lukn
speaking incorrectly; stammering,
stuttering
2
lakan pl. alkn basin, copper basin
lkin, lakinna see
li-kai, li-kai-m see li
2
lam (particle, with foll. apoc.) not
lam yaktub he did not write; a-lam
not ... though? ( aqul) havent I
told you, though? -- lam -- ill only,
nothing but, just, not till, not before
2
3
lamma u (lamm) to gather, collect,
assemble ( s.th.); to reunite ( s.th.); to
arrange, settle, put in order ( s.th.); to
repair ( s.th.), pass. lumma to suffer from
or be stricken by a slight mental
derangement ( aatah) to put
s.th. in order again, straighten s.th. out,
put s.th. right; to recover, pick up; to help
s.o. get back on his feet,
(amla l-q.) to round up the herd IV to
befall, overcome (fatigue, fear, weakness,
adversities, etc.; s.o.); to pay ( s.o.) a
short visit, call ( on s.o.), stop, stay ( at
s.o.s house); to have sexual intercourse (
with s.o.); to broach ( a topic), .peak (
 about). discuss ( s.th.), to give a
survey ( of), outline, state briefly (
s.th.), to touch briefly ( on a subject), to
be acquainted or familiar (.... with s.th.),
to get to know ( s.th.), to familiarize o.s.,
acquaint o.s. ( with s.th.), to commit,
perpetrate ( a crime), to take, consume (
food, drink) VIII to gather, assemble,
rally; to unite; to visit (s.o.), call ( on)
lamma pl. limm collection;
gathering, assembly; visit, call;
misfortune, calamity, slight mental
derangement, touch of insanity
limma pl. limam curl, ringlet,
lock
lumma traveling party; group, troop,
body (of people)
lamam slight mental derangement
limman occasionally, from time
to time, rarely, seldom
lammm wild thyme (bot.)
ilmm knowledge, cognizance (
of s.th.); acquaintance, familiarity,
conversance ( with); (pl. -t) survey,
outline, summary, resume
lmma evil eye 877
malmm collected, gathered,
assembled; concentrated at one point;
slightly insane
mulimm completely familiar,
conversant ( with); expert, connoisseur
literate 1
mulimma pl. -t misfortune,
calamity, disaster
1
li-m see li
2
lammd (conj.) when, as, after; since,
whereas; (particle; with foll. apoc.) not,
not yet
( Engl.) lambg lumbago
lamba pl. -t lamp; tube (radio)
V to take a snack
lumja appetizer, hors doeuvre,
relish, snack
lamaa a (lam) to glance ( or at s.o.);
to see, sight, behold, notice ( s.o., s.th.);
to become aware ( that); -- (lam,
laman, talm) to flash, sparkle,
glisten, shimmer II to insinuate, intimate,
give to understand ( s.th.), hint ( at),
allude, refer ( to) III to cast a casual or
furtive glance ( at s.o.) IV to glance
casually or furtively ( or at s.o.)
lam quick look, glance; moment,
instant l. al-baar glance of the
eye;
( aqalla) like lightning,
in a trice, instantly, in no time
lama pl. lamat quick, casual
look, glance; wink; glow of light, light,
brightness, flash (of lightning)
( abhi) he looks like his father
lamm shimmering, gleaming,
shining
malmi2 features, lineaments;
traits; outward appearance, looks
( abhi) he looks like his father;
( ill) lights and shades (in
painting)
talm pl. talm2 allusion,
intimation, insinuation, hint, reference;
by way of suggestion, indirectly
lamaza u i (lamz) to give ( s.o.) a wink; to
speak ill ( of s.o.), carp ( at s.o.), find
fault ( with s.o.), criticize, blame,
censure, backbite, slander, defame ( s.o.)
lumaza and lammz fault-
finder, captious critic, caviler, carper
lamasa u i (lams) to touch, handle, feel
with the hand, finger ( s.th.), pass ones
hand ( over s.th.); to seek ( s.th.), look,
search, ask ( for); to perceive, notice (
s.th., that), become aware ( of s.th.,
that) ( yulmasu) intangible,
impalpable; to take thing, as
they are, face the facts III to be in touch or
contact ( with s.o., with s.th.); to
touch, feel, finger, palpate ( s.o., s.th.);
to have sexual intercourse ( with a
woman) V to feel out, finger, palpate (
s.th.); to fumble, grope about; to grope,
fumble ( for s.th.); to look, search (
for); to ask ( for) VI to touch each other,
be in mutual contact VIII to request (
s.th. from s.o., for s.o.), ask ( for
s.th. s.o.), solicit ( s.th. for); to beg (
 for), request urgently ( s.th.); to seek (
s.th.), look, search ( for s.th., for s.o.)
lams feeling, groping; touching,
touch ssat al-l. sense of shine; shimmer, gleam, glow, brightness,
touch
lams tactual, tactile, of or
pertaining to the sense of touch
lamsya (tun.) date which has not
attained full ripeness
lamsa (n. vic.) touch; (pl. -t)
retouch 878
lams soft to the touch
malmas pl. malmis2 place
of touch, spot touched, point of contact; O
feeler, tentacle (of insects); touch; contact
soft to the touch
malmas tactual, tactile
mulmasa touching, touch,
contact; feeling, fingering, palpation;
sexual intercourse
talammus search, quest
iltims request, solicitation;
application, petition
malms touched, felt; palpable,
tangible; things perceptible to the
touch, tangible things
multamas pl. -t request, petition,
application
2
look up alphabetically
lama u (lam) to rail ( at s.o.); to make
faces ( at s.o.)
lamaa u (lam) to lick ones lips; to
smack ones lips V do. ( bi-
dikrih) to speak ill of s.o., backbite s.o.
lamaa (lam, laman) to gleam, landra London
glitter, twinkle, flash, sparkle, glisten,
shimmer, shine ( bi-saifih) to
brandish the sword; ( bi-yadih) to
wave ones hand;
(kirun) a thought flashed through his
mind II to cause ( s.th.) to shine, gleam,
or twinkle; to shine ( s.th.), give
brightness ( to s.th.); to polish ( s.th.);
to burnish ( s.th.) IV to wave (ones
hand); to point out, give to understand,
intimate, insinuate ( s.th.), hint ( at),
allude ( to) VIII to flash, radiate, glow,
shine; to sparkle, glitter, gleam
lam and laman luster, sheen,
light
luma pl. luma, lim
shimmer, gleam, glow, flash, sparkle,
glitter, brilliancy, radiance, beam; gloss,
luster, burnish, polish; some, a little
lamm bright, brilliant, lustrous,
sparkling, flashing, glistening, shining,
radiant; O glossy, glazed, burnished,
polished, satined, calendered (tech.)
( jild) patent leather
alma2 and alma sagacious,
smart, shrewd, clever, bright, intelligent;
-- alma more lustrous, shinier
almaya sagacity, smartness,
shrewdness, cleverness, brightness,
intelligence
talm polishing, polish
ilma allusion, hint
lmi pl. lawmi2 brilliant,
lustrous, shining, gleaming, shimmering
lmia fontanel (anat.); (pl.
lawmi2) gloss, shine
mutalammi radiant, brilliant,
shining, lustrous
lamlama to gather, gather up ( s.th.)
mulamlama trunk, proboscis (of
the elephant)
lan (conj.; with foll. subj.) not (referring to
the future)
( eg.) gad`id lang brand-new
landan London
( Engl.) lan pl. -t launch, small steamer,
motorboat
leningrd Leningrad
lahiba a (lahb, lahab, luhb,
lahb, lahabn) to flame, burn,
blaze II and IV to kindle, light, set on fire,
ignite, inflame ( s.th.); to excite, stir 879
up, provoke ( s.th.) V to flame; to be
aflame, be ablaze, burn (also fig.: cheek,
 anger, thirst, etc.) VIII = V; to catch fire, lahada a (lahd) to overburden, over-exert (
flare up; to be inflamed (also med.) s.o.)
lahab, lahb and luhb flame, lahdam sharp, pointed
blaze, flare lahaa a (lah) to slap
lahbn, f. lahb, pl. lihb lahafa a (lahaf) to sigh ( for s.th. lost);
parched with thirst to regret, deplore, lament ( s.th.); to
ilhb kindling, lighting, ignition, grieve ( for), fret, worry ( shout) V
inflammation do.; to be eager, yearn ( for, also ),
iltihb burning; inflammation pant ( after, also )
(also med.); in compounds corresponding lahf regret, grief, sorrow
to Engl. -it is ilt. a-uab y lahfa and y lahf oh, what a pity!
bronchitis too bad! alas! ( with foll. genit. of
pers.) oh, how unfortunate he is!
iltihb inflammatory;
inflammable ( lahf) oh, how sorry I feel for you!
lahfa sigh, lament; anxiety,
multahib burning, flaming,
apprehension, concern, worry, sorrow,
blazing, aflame, ablaze; inflamed; heated,
excited, glowing, aglow ( qun) grief; yearning, longing, hankering, desire,
guncotton impatience

look up alphabetically lahfn2 f. lahf, pl.

lahf, luhuf sighing; regretful; sad,
lahata a (laht, luht) to loll sorry, worried, sorrowful, grieved;
ones tongue with thirst or fatigue; to pant, longing, yearning
gasp, be out of breath; to breathe heavily
lahf pl. lihf regretful, sorry,
luht panting, pant, gasp sad, worried, sorrowful, grieved
l. al-maut death rattle, agony of
lhif worried, troubled, sorrowful,
death
grieved, full of regret
lahtn f. laht panting,
malhf worried, troubled,
gasping, out of breath; thirsty
depressed; apprehensive, concerned,
lahija a (lahaj) to be devoted, dedicated ( anxious; 880 covetous, eager ( or
to s.th.), be attached ( to s.o., to s.th.), be for), desirous ( or of); longing.
very fond ( of), be in love ( with); to yearning
be bent. be intent, be keen ( on), be
mutalahhif yearning, longing,
eager ( for), be mad ( about, after); to
hankering; anxious, eager, impatient
do ( s.th.) constantly or fervently
( tan) to extol s.o. fervently; lahiqa a to be snow-white
( bidikrih) to speak constantly of s.o., lahlaqa to loll ones tongue with thirst
mention s.o.s name continually with
praise; ( bi-ukrih) to launch lahima a (lahm, laham), V and VIII to
forth into profuse thanks or praises; devour, gobble, swallow up ( s.th.); to
( ara) to resort to humble pleas consume, destroy ( s.th.; fire) IV to make
IV causative: ( lisnah, ( s.o,) swallow ( s.th.); to inspire ( s.o,
ukr) to elicit profuse thanks from s.o. XI with) X to ask ( s.o.) for inspiration or
ilhjja to curdle, coagulate (milk) advice; to seek to find out ( s.th.), try to
get ( s.th.); to pray, turn ( to God for)
lahja tip of the tongue; tongue;
manner of speaking; tone; dialect, lahim and lahm greedy,
vernacular; language in a covetous, voracious, gluttonous
reproachful tone, reproachingly; ilhm pl. -t inspiration; instinct
in violent language, sharply worded
mulham inspired
luhja appetizer, hors doeuvre
( and ( lah u (lahw) to amuse o.s.,
distract o.s., divert o.s., pass or kill time (
with s.th,); to play, toy, dally, trifle; to
fritter away, trifle away, prattle away (
bi-waqtih ones time); to enjoy o.s., have
fun, have a good time; to delight, take
pleasure ( or in); to enjoy, savor,
relish ( s.th.); -- ( luhiy, lihyn) lau (conj.) if (as a rule, introducing
to turn ones attention ( from); to try to
forget, forget, give up, renounce ( s.th.),
become oblivious ( of); -- lahiya a (
lahan) to like, love ( s.th.), be very
fond ( of), be in love, be infatuated (
with), be mad ( about, after); to turn
ones attention ( from), become
oblivious ( of), forget, give up,
renounce ( s.th,); to pay no attention (
to), be heedless ( of) II to delight,
amuse, divert, distract ( s.o. with),
divert s.o.s ( )attention ( from), make (
s.o.) oblivious ( of); to keep, divert (
s.o. from), take s.o.s ( )mind away (
from) III to approach, be near ( s.o.)
IV = II; V and VI to amuse o.s., pass the
time ( with s.th,), take pleasure, delight (
in); to seek distraction ( in s.th.
from) VIII do.: to play, toy, trifle ( with
s.th.)
lahw amusement, entertainment,
diversion, distraction, passtime, pleasure,
sport, fun, play dr al-l. and
places of entertainment.
amusement centers
lahh pl. lahawt, confused, complicated ( for s.o.)
lahayt, luhiya, lihy, lahan,
lah uvula
lahaw velar (adj.)
al-arfn al-lahawyatn the velars q and
k
malhh object of delight; comedy
( mmya) popular farce
malhan pl. malhin place of
entertainment, amusement center;
amusement, entertainment, fun, diversion,
distraction admissions tax, ( Fr. loge) lj pl. -t, alwj (theater)
entertainment tax
milhan pl. malhin plaything ) )la u (lau) to appear, show, loom,
toy; pl. musical instruments, also
talhiya distraction, diversion,
amusement
lhin (with )heedless, inattentive,
inadvertent, oblivious, forgetful
mulhin amusing, entertaining,
diverting, pleasant
hypothetical conditional clauuses)
lau anna (introducing nominal clauses) if;
laul if not; if it werent (hadnt
been) for us; f-m lau in case that;
wa-lau although, though; even if;
(optative particle) if only ...! would
that ...! I wish ...! I wish he knew! if
he only knew! 881
lbiy bean (bot.) ( balad) (eg.)
cowpea (Vigna Binenais Endl.; bot.);
( eg.) hyacinth bean, lablab (Dolichos
lablab L.; bot.)
lby Libya
lb Libyan
1
( ) )lta: l. hnu manin
its too late to escape
2
lt (eg.) maigre (Sciaena aquila)
) )lta u (laut) and II to stain, tarnish,
soil, sully ( s.th.); -- lawita a (lawat) to
be dilatory, tardy, slow; to hesitate, tarry,
linger V to be or get stained, blotted,
tarnished, soiled, sullied ( with) VIII to
be dilatory, tardy, slow; to be obscure,
lauta stain, blot, spot
lta languor, lassitude, fatigue,
faintness; passion, weakness ( for, also
with foll. genit.: for) )( he is a
little crazy, he has a bee in his bonnet
mulawat stained, blotted,
tarnished, soiled, sullied, unclean; stricken
with cholera, pestilence, etc.
multt mentally confused
box, loge; (masonic, etc.) lodge
emerge, come in sight; to become visible (
to s.o.); to break, begin to show (dawn);
to shine, gleam, glint, flash, shimmer,
glimmer, sparkle; to seem, appear; to
wither, singe, parch, scorch; to tan ( s.o.; law; l. as-safar timetable, train
sun) it seems to me that ...; schedule, railroad guide; l. a-
as it seems, apparently II to make a am (syr.) menu, bill of fare
sign, beckon, wave ( or to s.o.
mulawwia signal, semaphore
with); to signal; to allude ( to), hint ( (railroad)
at), intimate, insinuate ( to s.o. s.th.),
give ( s.o. s.th.) to understand; to mult sun-tanned, sunburned
flourish, brandish, swing, wave ( s.th.); ( )lda u (laud, liwd, lawd, luwd,
to turn grey ( the head; of old age); to liyd) to take refuge, seek shelter ( with
burn, tan ( s.o.; sun); to plank, lay with s.o., in s.th.), have recourse, resort ( to);
planks ( the floor) ( biyadaihi) to keep close ( to), observe religiously (
to wave with the hands IV to appear, s.th.)
show, come in sight; to shimmer,
glimmer, glint, flash, sparkle; to wave, mald refuge, protection; shelter;
brandish, flourish, swing ( s.th.) asylum, sanctuary; protector
lau pl. alw, alw board, lid one seeking shelter or protection,
blackboard; slate; tablet; slab; plate, sheet; refugee
pane; plank, board; panel; small board, and see
signboard; shoulder blade, scapula
( arduwz) slab of slate, slate; O lr lyre
( mujaad) corrugated iron; ( Engl.) lord pl. -t lord
block of ice; sheet iron;
( Engl.) lorry, truck
zujj sheet of glass, pane; O
(mutaarrik) spring-board (in sports); II to stuff with almonds ( s.th.); (eg.) to
( madin) metal plate, metal sheet; form bolls (cotton)
windowpane lauz almond(s) (coll.), (eg.) patch
laua pl. -t, alw board; (on a shoe) l. al-qun cotton
blackboard; slate; tablet; slab; plate, sheet; bolls; ddat al-l. boll weevil
pane; panel; plaque; plane, surface; lauza pl. -t almond; the
screen; placard, poster; picture, painting tonsils (anat.) ilt. al-
l. al-ism doorplate, name plate; lauzatain tonsillitis
switchboard (el., tel.);
checkerboard; ( zaitya) oil lauz almond-shaped, almond
painting; ( saud) blackboard; (adj.)
bulletin board; l. a-aranj ) )lsa u (laus) to taste
chessboard; slate; writing tablet;
blackboard ) )la u (lau) to peep, peer, pry
(through a chink in the door, or the like)
laww withering, singeing, III do. ( for s.o.); to stare, gaze ( or at
parching, scorching s.th.), to look firmly, unflinchingly ( or
talw pl. -t beckoning, waving, at s.th.); to dupe, cheat, deceive ( s.o.)
flourishing, brandishing; sign, signal, mulwi sly, cunning, wily
wink, wave; allusion; hint, intimation,
insinuation; metonymy; pl. hints, ) )la u (lau) to stick, cling, adhere
references; remarks, annotations, marginal ( to); to coat with clay, to plaster ( a wall)
notes l Lot (Biblical name)
2
lia pl. -t lawi l sodomite, pederast
program, project; bill, motion (esp., in
liw and liwa sodomy,
parliament); order, decree, edict;
pederasty
ordinance; regulation, rule; pl.
outward appearance, looks, outward ) )la u (lau) to he or heoome restive,
sign882 bill, draft impatient; to become ill j to seize
 vehemently, overwhelm, torment, make laum and lauma censure,
sick ( s.o.; love); to tan ( s.o.; sun) II to rebuke, reproof, blame, reproach
torture, torment, agonize VIII to be
luwama and lawwm severe
burning, inflamed, languishing (with love,
censurer, stem critic; censorious
longing); to feel burning anxiety ( for
s.o.) malm and malma pl.
malwim2 censure, rebuke, reproof, blame,
laua ardor of love, amorous reproach
rapture, lovesickness; pain, grief, anguish,
anxiety, torment, torture, agony talwm censure, rebuke, reproof
iltiy burning, enrapturedness, lim pl. luwwam, lawwm,
burning anxiety. anguish; agony, pain, luyyam censurer, critic, accuser
suffering lima pl. lawim2 censure,
mulwi cunning, artful, wily, rebuke, reproof, blame, reproach
crafty, sly malm, malm and mulm
lgritmt logarithms censured, blamed; blameworthy,
1 reprehensible
) )lfa u (lauf) to eat, chew ( s.th.)
2 lmn penitentiary, penal servitude
lf luffa, dishcloth gourd (Luffa
cylindrical Roem; bot.) lmnj convict, inmate of a
penitentiary
milwaq pl. malwiq2 spatula
1 II to variegate, dapple, make colorful (
) )lka u (lauk) to chew ( s.th.); to s.th.); to color, tint, tinge, paint, daub (
talk constantly about s.th. (), to bring s.th.); to make up, rouge ( the face, etc.)
into discredit ( sumatah s.o.s V to be colored or tinted; to color, change
reputation) ( kalm) to be color, become discolored; to he colorful,
inhibited in ones speech, stammer, variegated; to be fickle
express o.s. imperfectly,
( alsina) the question which is on laun pl. alwn color; coloring,
everyones lips; ( alsun) what tint, tinge, hue, shade; complexion; kind,
people say, what is generally rumored 883 sort, specimen, species; dish, course; pl.
2 (with foll. genit.) all kinds of
and look up alphabetically
a. al-aima all kinds of food;
( It. locanda) and lkanda pl. -t muktalif al-a. variegated, multicolored,
inn; hotel motley, varied, various; jall
laulab pl. lawlib2 screw; spiral; alwnahu to bring out the different
aspects of s.th., point up s.th., make s.th.
spiral spring, coil spring, extension spring;
stand out
spring; axle; (fig.) mainspring, pivot point
laun colorful, colored, color- (in
laulab screw-shaped; spiral,
compounds), chromatic
helical O ( zuharya)
spiroohetes, syphilogenous bacteria; talwn coloring
( daraj) spiral staircase mulawwan colored, tinted,
1
) )lma u (laum, malm, colorful, many-colored, variegated,
malma) to blame, censure, rebuke, chide, kaleidoscopic
scold, reproach ( or s.o. for) II to
mutalawwin colored, tinted;
censure sharply, reprove, reprimand (
many-colored, multicolored; iridescent,
s.o.) IV = I; V to blame o.s. ; to tarry,
opalescent, scintillating; changeable,
linger, take one'. time ( or in or with inconstant, unsteady; whimsical,
s.th.), procrastinate, temporize, hedge VI capricious, fickle
to blame each other VIII to be censured,
he blamed X to deserve blame, be ( eg.) lawing and lwing
blameworthy, reprehensible attendant, bath attendant
 lawingya housekeeper, woman
attendant, servant, housemaid
( It. lavanda) lawand lavender (law) to die a thousand deaths
lavender water
law i ( layy, lawy) to turn ( s.th.);
to crook, curve ( s.th.); to bend, flex,
bend up, down, back or over ( s.th.); to
twist, contort, wrench, warp ( s.th.); to
distort, pervert ( s.th.); to turn ( the
head), turn away, avert ( the face); to
turn around, turn ( to s.o., to s.th.), face
( s.o., s.th.); to 884 think back ( on),
recall ( s.th.); to care, bother (
about), pay attention or heed ( to)
( lisn) to speak ill of s.o.,
backbite s.o.; not to care
about anything, be utterly reckless; -- (
layy, layyn) to conceal, keep secret (
s.th. from s.o.); -- lawiya a (
lawan) to be crooked, curved, bent; to
writhe, twist; to wind, coil II to bend,
bow, incline, tilt, twist, wrench, contort,
turn, crook, curve ( s.th.); to pervert,
distort, complicate ( s.th.) IV to turn,
twist, bend, crook, curve ( or s.th.); to
avert ( s.th. from); to wave ( bi-
yadih ones hand); to hoist ( a flag); to
take away, put away, remove ( s.th.)
to avert, prevent, restrain
s.th. ( from), check, curb s.th. V to be
twisted, winding, tortuous, sinuous, bent,
crooked; to be turned, be twisted; to turn,
twist, wind, meander, coil; to writhe,
wriggle, squirm; to display shrewdness
and cunning VIII to be curved, crooked,
bent; to be turned, be twisted; to twist,
warp, get contorted, get bent out of shape;
to turn off, turn away; to turn ones back
(or on s.th.); to be or become difficult,
involved, intricate, complicated ( for
s.o.)
layy bending, twist(ing), turn(ing)
( eg.) the flexible tube of the
narghile; ( yarifu l- 1
ayya) he doesnt know enough to come
in out of the rain, he wouldn't know a
snake from a garden hose
Iayya pl. liwan bend, fold,
flexure, twist, tortuosity, sinuosity, turn,
curve
lawan pl. alw gripes, colic;
agony, pain, hardship
liwan pl. alw, alwiya
curvature
liw pl. alwiya, alwiyt
banner, flag, standard; brigade (mil.;
U.A.R., Leb., Ir.); major general (mil.;
U.A.R.); rear admiral (Eg.); province,
district (Ir.; the country is subdivided into
14 brigadier general (Ir.);
( jaww) air-force brigade;
( liwa .) to found, start, originate,
produce, cause, arouse, provoke s.th.;
... (liwuh) the
admirals flagship ...; ) )
uqida lah l. ul-majd (un-nar) approx.:
he was awarded the laurel of fame (of
victory)
laww wryneck (zool.)
milwan pl. malwin spanner,
wrench; O peg (of stringed instruments)
iltiw curvedness, curvature;
bend, twist, tortuosity, sinuosity, curve;
crookedness, wryness; perverseness,
absurdity ilt. al-ar
unevenness of the terrain
iltiwa (n. vic.) pl. -t a bending,
flexing, twist (e.g., of the body in
dancing)
lwin pl. luwh turning, twisting
reckless of, without regard
for
malw crooked, curved, bent;
twisted, warped, contorted; winding,
meandering, tortuous, sinuous; perverted,
wrong, absurd
multawin =
multawan pl. -t turn (of the
road), curve; curvature
and see
2
liyy mackerel shark, porbeagle (zool.)
lbary Liberia 885
lbiy Libya; lb Libyan
laita and y laita (particle, with foll.
noun in acc. or personal suffix) would
God! if only ...! laitan
 muttu li-ajlika would God I had died for
you! I wish he were here! if only
he were here! ( yadhabu) I
wish he had gone! ( ir) I wish I
knew ...!
lturjya pl. -t liturgy
ltuwnya Lithuania
ltuwn Lithuanian
lait pl. luyt lion
see
lr and lra pl. -t pound (as a
monetary unit) ( ingilzya)
pound sterling
1
laisa (without imperf.) not to be (with
or acc. s.th. or s.o.); not to exist; (=
intensified )not ( ill)
terminating a sentence: only, and no more,
and nothing else; ( siw) nothing
but, only, merely; adapted, fit; worthy, deserving
there is not a grain of truth in it;
-- (faqa, bal) not only -- but also;
not to have, not to possess; we
dont have anything; he has no
right to ..., he mustnt ...; not to
belong to , have nothing to do with ...;
a-laisa ka-dlik? Isnt it so?;
(with and participle) to be unable to,
lastu bi-filin I cant do it
2
layisa a (layas) to be valiant, brave,
courageous
alyas2, f. lais2, pl. ls
valiant, brave, courageous
( Fr. licence) lsans the academic degree
of a licentiate
II to rub with palm fibers ( s.th.) V to
form fibers, become fibrous
lf (coll.; n. un. )pl. alyf
fibers, fibrils, bast ( hind) coco
fibers, coir; a. al-kattn flax
fibers
lfa (n. un.) fiber, fibril; tuft of palm
fibers used as a brush bath
sponge, luffa
lf and lfn fibered, fibrous
talayyuf fibration, fibrillation;
cirrhosis (med.)
( ( lqa i (laiq) to befit, become ( s.o.),
be proper, seemly ( for s.o.), be suitable
( to s.o.), be worthy ( of s.o.); to be
suited, appropriate, fit ( for s.th.); to fit
(garment)
lqa pl. liyaq tuft of cotton or
silk threads which is inserted in an
inkwell; putty; clay; mortar
liyqa propriety, seemliness,
suitableness; decorum, decency;
capability, skill; efficiency, competence;
worthiness, merit, desert; correct
behavior, blameless conduct, good
manners ( mukill improper,
unseemly, unbecoming
alyaq2 more suitable, more
appropriate, more proper, fitter ( for)
liq suitable, appropriate, proper,
befitting, becoming, seemly; suited,
lail (usually m.) nighttime, night (as
opposed to daytime); pl. layl
(syr.) a certain vocal style; lailan at
night laila nahra day and night
laila pl. -t, laylin, layil2
night (u opposed to ;)evening; soire;
al-lailata tonight I 886
(wa-uh) overnight; lailata
amsi last night; yesterday evening;
kairya) charity soire, benefit
performance; l. ad-dukla wedding
night; soire dansante, evening
dance; glamorous evening party;
( diya) soire of vocal music;
( lail2) dark night; in the
dark of night, under cover of the night;
l. al-qadr or l. al-qa the
night in which, according to sura 97, the
Koran was revealed, celebrated between
the 26th and 27th of Ramadan; l.
al-mirj the night of the 27th of Rajab in
which the Prophet made his journey
through the seven heavens;
l. nif a-abn the night between the 14th
and 16th of Shaban, when, according to
popular belief, the heavenly tree of life is
shaken, shedding the leaves of those who
will die next year; l. an-nuqa the
night of June 17th (the 11th day of the
Coptic month Bana) when, according to
popular belief, a miraculous drop falls
 from heaven, thus causing the annual rise suppleness sociability,
of the Nile companionableness, compliance,
yieldingness, tractability
lailataidin (in) that night; (on) that
evening mulyana friendliness, kindness
lail nocturnal, nightly; of night, mulayyin softening, emollient;
night- (in compounds); evening (adj.) dissolvent, diluent; aperient, cathartic,
laxative; laxatives
lail a womans name
2
)( kullun yabk (yugann) al see
lailhu everyone sings his own tune, does
as he pleases, follows his own fancy;
( yadda walan)
everybody claims to be the chosen one,
every-one brags in his own way
see
( Engl.) lailak lilac )= . . . )Inc., Ltd.
lmn pl. -t harbor, port; penitentiary ma for what? after prepositions: il
ma whereto? Where? which way?
laimn, lmn (n. un. )pl. -t lemon
whither? bi-ma with what? Wherewith?
lime; arb al-l.
li-ma why? wherefore? att ma
lemonade
how far? to which point?
1
) )lna i (ln, layn) to be or become
m 1. (interrogative pronoun) what li-
soft, tender, gentle, mild, pliable, flexible,
m why? wherefore? for what reason?
supple; to yield, give way; to soften,
m-d what (on earth)? li-md why
relent, calm down; to become milder,
(on earth)? whats the matter with
friendlier inflexible, unbending;
you? what is it? etc., (with foll.
( qantuh) to show o.s.
verb) why? wherefore? what ... for? why
compliant, yield, relent, give in II and IV
should I, should you, etc.? m
to soften, relax, ( s.th.); to placate,
anta wa-dka whats that to you? what
soothe, allay, mitigate, assuage, temper,
has this to do with you? what do you
moderate ( s.th.) ill to be gentle, kind,
know about that? m ajmalah
friendly ( to s.o.); to treat with kindness
how handsome he is! m
and leniency ( s.o.)
afala umara! how excellent Omar is! --
ln softness; tenderness; tender 2. (relative pronoun) that which, what;
treatment; gentleness; flexibility, something which; whatever, all that ...
pliableness, suppleness; yieldingness, see katran m not
compliance, tractability; pliancy, seldom, as often as not, very often;
smoothness, diarrhea softening bi-m fhi including ..., ... inclusive;
of the bones, osteomalicia (med.); ( imi l-muhada) the
tractability, docility; the soft fact that the agreement has been signed,
letters the agreement having been signed; -- 3.
layyin pl. -n, alyin2 and lain (indefinite pronoun) foll. an indefinite
pl. -n soft; flabby, feeble; tender; gentle; noun: some, a certain li-amrin
flexible, pliable, yielding; pliant, supple, m because of something or other, for
resilient, elastic, tractable l. some reason or other; yauman m
al-arka mild-mannered, gentle-hearted; some day, sometime in the future; -- 4.
tractable, manageable, docile, (negation) not ( in) not
obedient; ( banuh) he suffers (intensified); -- m an att no
from diarrhea sooner had he ... than ..., he had hardly
when ...; wa-m hiya ill an or
luyna softness; tenderness; ( with foll. verb in perfect)
gentleness; flexibility, pliability,
 before long he ..., presently ...; then, gun barrel; conduit, conduit pipe; pipeline
thereupon; -- wa-m hiva (esp., for oil)
ill an att no sooner had he ... than he ( Fr. maon) msn Freemason
had hardly when ...; -- 5. (conjunction) as
long as m dumtu ayyan as msn freemasonic, masonic
long I live; m lam so long as ... not, msnya Freemasonry
unless; -- 6. whenever; as far as, to the
extent or degree that mik pl. mawik2 tongs, fire
(wtatn l-fura) (whenever opportunities tongs
came my way, i.e.) whenever I had a maiqa a ( maaq) to sob
chance
maq pl. maqin inner corner
m-bain antechamber, anteroom of the eye
(of the Turkish Sultan); chief chamber-
lains office (in Ottoman Turkey) maqa sobbing, sob

and see mq pl. mq inner corner of

( Fr. matine) mtnh matinee
see
mjistr master, schoolmaster
mkr pl. mawkr2 house of ill mala Malta
repute, brothel
mr Mar, lord (Chr., preceding the names
of saints), saint
mars March (month)
mristn lunatic asylum
mar march (mus.)
mril marshal, field marshal mana pl. maant, mun
( jaww) air marshal (formerly, a rank
reserved exclusively for the King; Eg.)
mrilya marshalcy, rank or
position of a marshal
mark pl. -t mark (monetary unit)
marks Marxist
marksya Marxism
marka pl. -t mark, sign, token
( tijrya) trade-mark 888 mangost mongoose, ichneumon
mrn pl. mawrina Maronite
(adj. and n.)
mzt mazut (residue in oil distillation,
used as a fuel), heavy oil
ms and msa (for )diamond mnaw Manichaean
ms diamond (used attributively)
msra pl. mawsr2 pipe, tube;
hose; pipestem; water pipe, water main;
the eye
( Fr. maquillage) mkiyiii face painting,
make-up
mkna pl. -t, makin2 machine
mal Maltese (adj. and n.)
mlinkliy or mlkliy
melancholia
mamaa to bleat (sheep)
maana a (man) to sustain, supply with
provisions, provision, victual ( s.o.)
navel, umbilicus; umbilical region
muna and mana pl.
muan provisions, food.; store, stock;
supply; burden, encumbrance,
inconvenience; trouble, pains, effort
( arbya) war material
see below
mang mango, mango tree (bot.)
(zool.)
( Fr. la Manche) al-mn the English
Channel
mnliy magnolia (bot.)
mnawya Manichaeism,
doctrines of Manes
mnftra manufactured goods, dry
goods, textiles
 mnfist manifest, list of a ships gratify the eye IV to make ( s.o.) enjoy (
cargo s.th.); to have the usufruct ( of s.th.) V
mnkn, (also mnkn) pl. -t and X to enjoy, savor, relish ( s.th.)
mannequin, fashion model muta pl. muta enjoyment,
pleasure, delight, gratification; recreation;
mhya pl. -t quality, quiddity, essence,
compensation paid to a divorced woman
nature; salary, income; pay (mil.)
(Isl. Law); (also ) muta,
( It. maestro) myistr maestro, temporary marriage. usufruct marriage
conductor contracted for a specified time and
or mia pl. min, mit exclusively for the purpose of sexual
hundred per cent pleasure (Isl. Law) recreation
centers
miaw and min centesimal,
centigrade; percentile, percentual mat pl. amtia enjoyment,
( d) 100th anniversary, centennial; pleasure, delight, gratification; object of
or ( nisba) percentage; delight; necessities of life; chattel,
( daraja) centigrade possession, property; goods, wares,
(thermometer) commodities, merchandise; furniture;
1
implements, utensils, household effects;
my May baggage, luggage, equipment, gear; useful
2
( Fr. maillot) my and myh tights article, article of everyday use; things,
objects, stuff, odds and ends m.
matta u (matt) to spread, extend, stretch ( al-ain delight of the eyes; saqa
s.th.); to seek to establish a link ( to s.o., al-m. scrap, waste, discard, refuse;
by marriage), enter into relations ( ( akya) personal belongings;
with); to be related, become 889 related m. al-mara cunnus (anat.)
by marriage ( to), marry into the family
of ( ;)to belong ( to); to be associated, amta more enjoyable, more
be connected ( with) ( bi- delightful; recreative, recreational
ilatin) to have close ties with s.o., be imt pleasure, delight,
related (by marriage) to s.o.; to be gratification (which s.th. affords)
connected with s.th., have to do with s.th.;
( bi-aqrabi -ila) to be tamattu enjoyment
most intimately connected with s.o. ashum t. participating certificates, shares
entitling the bolder to participation in the
mtta close ties; family ties, kinship net profit without the right to vote
mataa a (mat) to draw from a well ( istimt enjoyment; love of
water) pleasure, epicureanism
mitr pl. amtr meter (measure of mti long
length)
mumatti pleasant, delicious,
mitr metric(al) enjoyable, delightful, gratifying
( Ft. mitrailleuse) mitrliyz machine mumatta enjoying ( s.th.), in
gun position ( of)
mataa a (mat, muta) to carry away, mumti pleasant, delicious,
take away ( s.th.); -- ( mut) to be enjoyable, delightful, gratifying;
strong, firm, solid ( nahr) it interesting
was broad daylight, the sun was high II to
make ( s.o.) enjoy ( s.th.); to furnish, matuna u ( matna) to be firm, strong,
equip, supply ( s.o. with); to give as solid II to make firm or strong ( s.th.); to
compensation ( to a divorced woman strengthen, consolidate, fortify ( s.th.)
s.th.) God grant him enjoyment matn pl. mutn, mitn half,
throughout his life; ( baara) to or side, of the back; back (esp., of
 animals, but also fig.); main thing, main maim, mutilate ( s.o.); to represent
part; body (e.g., of a document or journal, pictorially or graphically, show ( , s.o.,
aside from footnotes, annotations, etc.), s.th.), picture, depict, describe ( , s.o.,
text (of a tradition, as distinguished from s.th.); to portray, paint ( s.o.), sculpture a
the isnd; of a book, as distinguished from bust or statue ( of s.o.); to represent (
the commentary; also, in general, s.o., s.th.); to act (on stage or screen),
linguistic or literary text); middle of the appear as an actor; to play, act (
road, roadway, pavement; surface; desk of dauran a part or role), star ( in a role);
a ship aboard (a ship or to stage, perform ( a play); to form,
airplane); 890 ( m. il-bar) by constitute (chem.) ( ana
sea, sea-borne; ( m. il-haw) t.) to make a dreadful example of s.o.,
through the air, air-borne punish s.o. with utmost cruelty III to
resemble ( s.o., s.th.), be or look like
matn and firm, strong, solid
s.o. or s.th. ( ,), be similar, bear a
matna firmness, strength, solidity, likeness ( , to); to correspond, be
hardiness; will power, strength of will, analogous ( , to s.o., to s.th.); to
determination, backbone, firmness of compare, liken ( s.o. to) V to make o.s.
character, fortitude; succinctness, similar, assimilate o.s. ( to s.o.); to
conciseness of style become similar ( to), become like s.o. or
tamtn strengthening, s.th. (), follow ( s.o. s.th.), take after
consolidation s.o. or s.th. ( ;)to take on the shape of
s.o. ( ;)to assimilate, absorb ( s.th.); to
mat s. (interrogative particle) when? at do likewise, imitate, copy ( s.o., s.th.); to
what time? and till when? imagine, fancy ( s.th., with and verb;
how long? -- 2. (conjunction) when, s.o. to do s.th.); to get an idea ( of); to
whenever whenever give or quote as an example, use as a
matt cream, cosmetic simile ( s.th.); to quote, cite ( a verse);
to present itself, be represented, be visible,
matala u ( mutl) to resemble ( s.o.), find visual expression ( in); to embody,
be or look like s.o. (), boar a likeness ( personify, (im)personate, typify ( s.th.);
to); to imitate, copy ( s.o.); to compare, to stand erect, appear ( baina
liken ( s.o. to); to represent, mean, yadaihi before s.o.) VI to resemble each
signify ( s.th.), stand for ( ;)to stand other, be alike, go together, agree, match;
erect ( baina yadaih before s.o. in to recover ( from) or
audience), appear before s.o.; to present ( if) to be on the way to recovery
o.s. to s.o.; to present itself to the eye, be VIII to take as a model or an example,
on view; to plant o.s., stand; to step forth, imitate, copy, follow ( s.th.); to submit,
come forward, enter, appear, make ones subject o.s. ( to s.o., to s.th.); to obey (
appearance (esp. of an actor, on the stage) an order)
( b. yadayyi l-malik) to
have an audience with the king, be mitl pl. amtl s.th. similar, s.th.
received in audience by the king; -- u of the same kind; resemblance, similarity,
(matl) to maim, mutilate ( s.o.); -- u similitude, likeness; image; equivalent;
(matl, mutla) to make an example ( 891 (with foll. genit. or suffix) s.o. like ...,
of s.o.); -- matula u ( mutl) to stand, one like ...; s.th. like ...; mitla (prep.)
appear ( baina yadaihi before s.o. in and ka-mitli similar to, like, just as;
audience) II to make ( s.th.) like s.th. one like; s.th. like; the same as; (just) as
else (), make ( s.th.) similar. analogous much as hum mitluh they are
( to); to assimilate (biol.); to give or like him, they are of his kind; in the
quote as an example ( s.th. of, also same manner, likewise, equally, also, too;
s.th. of), exemplify ( with s.th. mitla m just as, as well as;
s.th.), use as a simile ( s.th. for); to bi-mitl m in the same manner as;
compare, liken ( , s.o. s.th. to); to ajr al-m. adequate payment or wages;
punish severely, treat harshly ( s.o.); to ( malah) to repay s.o. like for like,
treat s.o. in like manner; ideal; ideal; model, exemplary, perfect
(mabda al-mumala) principle of the ideal way to ...
reciprocity; ( muqbalat al-
timtl pl. tamtl2 sculptured
m.) retaliation, reprisal; amtluh image; statue ( nif) bust
people like him, people of his kind;
people like Ab Bakr; tamtl pl. tamtl2 quotation
up to three times as much of examples, exemplification; likening,
comparison; assimilation; portrayal,
mitlam (conj.) as picturing, depiction, description;
mitl replaceable; fungible (Isl. representation; diplomatic representation;
Law) dramatic representation, acting, playing
(of an actor); performance, show;
mutl see amtal
dramatic art; exemplary punishment
matal pl. amtl likeness; ( tijr) commercial agency;
metaphor, simile, parable; proverb, adage; ( in motion-picture
example; lesson, similar case; ideal, announcements) starring so-and-so;
model; matalan for example, for badal at-t. allowance for
instance, e.g. he is comparable representation, allowance for professional
to ..., he is like ...; ( asm) or expenditure, expense allowance;
( al) ideal; see theater, playhouse, opera house;
proverbs; ( rayi l- fann at-t. dramatic art, theater; sculpture;
m.) as the proverb says for the purpose of
mitl pl. amtila, mutul s.th. illustration
equal; s.th. similar; simile, parable, tamtl of or pertaining to the
allegory; example; pattern, standard; theater or stage, theatrical, histrionic;
exemplary punishment; model; image, dramatic ( malab) theater,
picture ... in the manner of ...; playhouse
after the pattern or model of ...;
tamtlya: ( ginya)
(al) pl. ( uly) ideal;
opera 892
(liya) ideals
mitl parabolic; allegoric; typical, mumtala resemblance, similarity,
similitude, likeness, correspondence;
representative; model; exemplary; ideal
analogy; exact equivalence (Isl. Law)
m. n-naza idealist
tamattul assimilation (biol.)
mattl pl. -n sculptor
tamtul matching, agreement,
exemplariness, perfection,
correspondence, resemblance, similarity,
superiority; (pl. -t, matil2) lesson,
task, assignment similitude, likeness, recovery,
convalescence
matl pl. mutul like, similar,
analogous; equal, match f. of imtitl obedience, compliance,
his (its) kind, of her kind; consent
(matla), ( yasbiq) mtil standing, standing forth;
incomparable, matchless, unrivaled, placed, set down; displayed, on display;
unparalleled emerging, arising, cropping up, appearing,
presenting itself ( amma
mutl standing erect; appearance;
ainaihi) present before s.o.s eyes;
presentation; audience
( li-l-iyn) visible, conspicuous,
umtla pl. -t, amtl2 evident, obvious; ( aratih)
example; deterrent example, warning, in front of s.o., in s.o.s presence
lesson; proverb; assignment, lesson
mtila lamp, chandelier
amtal2, f. mutl, pl. amtil2
mumattil representing,
closer to perfection, coming nearer the
representative, representational; -- (pl.
 -n) representative (also, e.g., diplomatic),
deputy, agent; performer, player, stage
player, actor; comedian
(tijr) commercial agent
mumattlila pl. -t actress
mumattilya representation,
agency ( siysya) diplomatic
representation
mumattal depicted, portrayed;
represented; assimilated (biol.)
mumtil resembling, similar, like,
comparable; corresponding, analogous
mutamtil resembling each other,
similar, of the same kind, homogeneous;
mutually corresponding, homologous;
identical; assimilating, assimilative
mumtatil obedient, submissive,
compliant
matna pl. -t (urinary) bladder
majja u (mail) to spit out, disgorge, eject,
emit, discharge ( s.th.); to reject,
dismiss, discard ( s.th.) II to become
ripe, ripen, mellow
mujj and mujja spittle,
saliva; juice
majada u (majd) and majuda u (
majda) to be glorious, illustrious, exalted
II and IV to praise, extol, laud, glorify,
celebrate V to be extolled, be glorified, be
lauded, be praised; to bout, glory
majd pl. amjd glory;
splendor, magnificence, grandeur;
nobility, honor, distinction
majd laudable, praiseworthy,
glorious
majd glorious, illustrious;
celebrated, famous; glorified. exalted;
praiseworthy, laudable, admirable,
excellent, splendid; noble the
Koran
majd medjidie, a Turkish silver
coin of 20 piasters coined under Sultan
Abdul-Medjid; (of money) Turkish
amjd (pl. of )people of rank,
distinguished people
amjad2 pl. amjid2 more
glorious, more illustrious; more
distinguished
tamjd praise, glorification,
exaltation, idolization
1
majara u (majr) to be thirsty, feel thirsty,
to thirst
majr numerous (army)
mjr pl. mawjr2 (eg.)
round earthen trough or tub used for
making dough; tall, bulging earthen vessel
with a wide mouth
2
al-majar the Hungarians; Hungary
majar Hungarian 893
3
majar a small weight 18 . = g
(Eg.)
see
majr2 Madrid
look up alphabetically
majla pl. mijl, (coll.) majl
blister; see also under jalla
mjil pl. mawjil2 (tun.)
cistern
mumajmaj indistinct, scribbled, illegible
1
majana u (mujn, mujn,
majna) to joke, jest; to scoff, mock, jeer
III to jeer, scoff, gibe ( s.o.), mock, poke
fun ( at s.o.), joke, jest ( with s.o.), make
fun ( of s.o.), play wild jokes ( on s.o.) V
to make insolent jokes VI to mock at each
other
majna buffoonery, clowning; (pl.
-t prank; antic
majjn, impudent, insolent,
unrestrained, wanton, shameless; jester;
prankster, wag, buffoon; free, free or
charge, gratuitous; majjnan or
bi-l-majn free of charge, for nothing,
gratis
majjn free, free of charges,
gratuitous
majjnya gratuitousness,
exemption from fees, remission of fees
mujn buffoonery, clowning;
shamelessness, impudence
 mujn brazen sarcast, cynic
mjin pl. mujjn impudent,
shameless, brazen, insolent, saucy; joker,
jester, wag, buffoon
2 destruction
mjin pl. mawjin2 (= ( )tun.)
cistern
magnzyom magnesium
majs Magi, adherents of Mazdaism
majs Magian; Magus, adherent
of Mazdaism
majsyya Mazdaism
ma worn off, threadbare, shabby
mu the best, choicest part, pith,
gist, quintessence; egg yolk
maaa a (ma) to render clear, clarify,
purify ( s.th.) II do.; to rectify, put right (
s.th.); to put to the test ( s.th.); to test,
examine closely ( s.th.) IV to reappear,
re-emerge, come out again V do.; to be
clarified. be purified VII to he clarified, he
purified
ma shiny, flashing (sword)
tam pl. -t clarification;
testing, thorough examination
maaa a (ma) to he sincere (
toward s.o. in), show or manifest sincerely
( to s.o. s.th.; e.g., love, affection); --
maua u ( mua) to be of pure
descent; to be pure, genuine, unmixed,
unadulterated IV to be sincere ( toward
s.o. in) V to devote o.s. exclusively ( to
s.th.), he solely dedicated ( to s.th.)
ma of pure descent, pureblood;
pure, unmixed, unadulterated; genuine;
sheer, downright, outright (e.g., lie,
nonsense, etc.); maan only,
merely, exclusively, solely
bi-mai kt. entirely of his own accord;
li-mai liih solely in
her own interest, only for her own good
uma sincere advice
maaqa a (maq) to efface, blot out,
strike out, erase ( s.th.); to eradicate,
exterminate, annihilate, destroy ( s.th.)
IV to wane, become invisible (moon); to
894 perish V, VII ( or
immaaqa) and VIII to be or become
effaced; to be annihilated, be destroyed,
perish
maq effacement, obliteration;
eradication, extermination, annihilation,
maq, muq, miq waning of
the moon
mauka a (mak) and maika a (maak)
to be quarrelsome, contentious,
cantankerous, quarrel, wrangle, bicker; to
dispute stubbornly III to pick a quarrel,
quarrel, wrangle, have an argument ( with
s.o.) IV and V = I
maik quarrelsome, contentious,
cantankerous, disputatious, bickering;
quarrelsome person, bickerer; wrangler
mumaaka quarrelsomeness,
disputatiousness, petulance; quarrel, row,
wrangle, dispute; (pl. -t) chicanery;
bickering, wrangling
mik and mumik
quarrelsome, contentious, cantankerous,
disputatious; quarrelsome person,
bickerer, wrangler
maala a, maila a (mal, mul)
and maula u ( mala) to be barren
(land, year); -- mala, maila a and
maula u ( mil) to plot, scheme,
intrigue ( against s.o.) IV to be barren
and arid; to render barren ( the soil); to
be overdue, be withheld, fail to set in
(rains) V to seek to attain by cunning or
through intrigues ( s.th.), strive
cunningly ( for); to seek a pretext; to
propagandize or advertise ( s.th.) artfully
or with unfair means) ( udr) to
use a pretext, make an excuse
mal barrenness, aridity, drought;
dearth, famine; cunning, craft, deceit; (see
also under alla)
mala pl. mal pulley,
block and tackle; (see also )
mul slyness, cunning, craft,
insidiousness
mil barren, sterile; bare, bleak
mumil barren, sterile
maana a (man) and VIII to try, try out,
test, put to the test, subject to a test ( s.o.,
 s.th.); to afflict, subject to a trial or trials
( s.o.); to examine ( s.o.)
mina pl. mian severe trial,
ordeal, tribulation; affliction; hardship,
distress, suffering, misfortune
imtin pl. -t test, experiment;
examination entrance
examination; ( nih) final
examination
mumtain tester; examiner
mumtaan examined; tried,
tested; examinee, candidate
) )ma u (maw) to wipe off, rub out,
scratch out, erase, strike out ( s.th.); to
efface, obliterate, blot out ( s.th.); to
wipe out, eradicate, exterminate,
extinguish ( s.th.); to eliminate, abolish (
s.th.) l yum ineffaceable,
indelible II to wipe out, extinguish,
exterminate, extirpate ( s.th.) V, VII (
and imma) and VIII to be effa
ed, obliterated, extinguished, wiped out,
exterminated; to disappear, vanish
maw effacement, obliteration,
blotting out; erasure, deletion;
elimination; abolition, abolishment,
annulment
O mimh and maya makmaa to rinse the mouth
eraser
immi extinction, extermination,
extirpation
miya eraser 895
mukk pl. mikk, mikka
brain; marrow, medulla; core, essence;
purest and choicest part
mukk brain- (in compounds),
cerebral
al-muk Mocha (seaport in SW Yemen)
1 s.o.s life (of God); (
makara a (makr, mukr) to plow; to
move, out, shear, cleave ( through s.th.);
(of a ship) to plow, traverse ( the sea)
mkir plowing the sea (ship)
mkira pl. mawkr2 ship
2
mkr pl. mawkr brothel
makraqa to brag, tell fibs; to swindle,
cheat
makaa a u i (mak) to chum ( milk);
to shake violently ( s.th.); -- makia a (
mak, mik) to be parturient, be
in labor V = I makia; to bear, produce,
bring forth, effect, bring about ( s.th.);
to be churned (milk)
mak labor pains
mak buttermilk
makka and mimkaa pl.
mamki churn
makaa a u (mak, muk) and V to
blow ones nose
muk nasal mucus, snot
m. a-ams and m. a-
ai gossamer
muk snotty; mucous; slimy,
ropy
mukai (eg.) sebsten (Cordia
myxa L.; bot.)
II tamakara to walk with a graceful,
swinging gait
1
mukl pl. amkl, mukl lever,
pinch bar, crowbar
2
mikla (= )pl. mikal,
makl nosebag
madda u (madd) to extend, distend, expand,
dilate ( s.th.); to stretch, stretch out (
s.th.), crane ( the neck); to draw out,
protract ( s.th.); to spread out ( s.th.); to
layout ( s.th.), lay ( tracks, pipeline); to
spread ( a net); to lengthen, elongate,
prolong ( s.th.); to grant a respite or
delay; to rise (flood, river); to help, aid,
assist ( s.o.), support ( s.o. by or with),
supply, provide ( s.o. with); to
reinforce ( an army); to fertilize, manure
( the soil) ( umrah) to prolong
baara) to
turn ones eyes, direct ones glance to;
( jidran, ar) to strike roots
(tree); to lay a snare for s.o.;
( rijlah bi-qadri kisih) to
cut ones coat according to ones cloth,
make the beet of it, adjust o.s. to the
circumstances; ( rijlaihi
bi-gadri likfih) do.; ( samah) to
prick up ones ears; to set the
table; ( may) to take long during ... within, in the course of,
strides; to lay pipe; during; ( zaman) period (of
(yadah) to extend ones hand to s.o. II to time), space of time, interval, while;
extend, distend, expand, dilate ( s.th.); to muddatan min az-z. for a while, for some
stretch out ( s.th.); to spread, spread out ( time
s.th.); to lengthen, elongate, protract, madad pl. amdd help, aid,
prolong ( s.th.); to discharge pus, assistance, support, backing,
suppurate, fester III to delay, defer, reinforcement; pl. resources; auxiliaries
procrastinate; to put off from day to day (
s.o.) IV to help, aid, assist ( s.o.), support midd ink; lamp oil; fertilizer,
( s.o. with), provide, supply, furnish ( manure, dung; pattern, style
s.o., s.th. with); to lend, impart ( to sajjalah bi-m. il-fakr to inscribe s.th.
s.th. s.th.); to reinforce (. an army); to with golden letters; after the
postpone, delay, grant a respite; to same pattern
suppurate, fester ( bi-ajalih) to madd pl. mudud extended,
grant s.o. another respite in this life (of outstretched, stretched, elongated; long,
God) V to be spread, spread out, extended, prolonged, protracted; tall, big; slender,
stretched out; to extend, stretch, spread; high, towering; name of a poetical
896 to lengthen, expend, distend, dilate; to meter ( zamn) or
stretch o.s., stretch out, sprawl (on a bed, (muda) long time; ( umr) greet
end the like) VIII to be extended, age; m. al-baar farsighted,
distended, stretched; to be laid (wires, farseeing
pipeline); to extend or reach ( to s.th.),
stretch, spread ( to s.th., over a maddd a creeping plant
distance); to lengthen, become drawn out, amidda warp of a fabric
become protracted or prolonged; to be
long; to develop, grow ( into) X to take, tamdd pl. -t lengthening,
get, draw, derive, borrow ( s.th. elongation, prolongation, extension
from), provide o.s. with ( ;)to ask for imdd help, aid, assistance,
help ( s.o.) support, sustentation, maintenance,
madd pl. mudd extension; provisioning; supply (mil.); pl. -t
distension, dilation, expansion; stretching; auxiliaries, reinforcements, supplies
spreading; lengthening, elongation, tamaddud extension, spreading,
prolongation, protraction; drawing out of expansion; stretching, distention, dilation,
the voice over long vowels (in Koran dilatation, widening
recitation); rising, rise (of water, of the
imtidd stretching, stretch,
flood); supply ( with) m. al-
extension, extensity; extensibility,
baar range of vision; madda l-b. as far as
dispensability; expansibility; widening,
the eye can see; m. an-naar
distention, dilation, dilatation,
farsightedness, foresight; the
lengthening, elongation, prolongation;
literae productionis ( gram.)
expanse; length; size, extent, spread,
madda sign over alif ( )denoting compass, range, scope along,
initial long a () alongside of
mudd pl. amdd, midd istimdd procurement of support,
mudd, a dry measure (Pal. = 18 l, Tangier bringing up of reinforcements; supply
= 46.6 l) (mil.)
midda pus, purulent matter mdd stretching, expanding,
mudda pl. mudad period (of extending, spreading; trailing, creeping
time), space of time, interval; while; (plant)
duration; limited or appointed time, term; mdda pl. mawdd2 stuff,
muddata within, in the course of, matter; material possession; substance;
material; component, constituent, madliya pl. madliyt medal
ingredient; fundamental constituent,
madaliyn medallion, locket, pendant
radical, chemical element, base; subject,
theme, topic; school subject, field of madaa a (mad, mida) to praise,
study; discipline, subject matter, 897 commend, laud, extol ( s.o.); to eulogize,
curricular subject; article, paragraph (e.g., celebrate in poems ( s.o.) II do. V to be
of a law, treaty or contract); stipulation, commended, be praised, be lauded; to
contractual term j pl. material, materials; boast ( of s.th.), glory ( in), pride o.s. (
agents, elements ( alya) root on), be proud ( of) VIII = I
of a word; ( awwalya) primary mad commendation, laudation,
elements; raw materials; praise; extolment, glorification;
(tijrya) articles of commerce, panegyrical litsrature; acclaim
commodities; cosmetics; the glorification of God
( jinya) criminal cases (jur.);
( arbya) war material; raw mad pl. madi2 praise,
materials; dyestuffs, dyes; laudation, commendation; panegyrical
( ulba) solid constituents, solids (e.g., poem, panegyric; eulogy, encomium,
of milk); O manufactured tribute
goods, ready-made goods; O umda pl. amd2 praise,
medicaments, drugs; m. al- laudation, commendation; panegyrical
ia, m. al-ma food-stuffs, poem; eulogy, encomium, tribute
food; ( gidya) foodstuffs,
victuals, food, nutritive substances; tamaddu extolment, glorification;
fodder; m. al-luga vocabulary of a self-praise, vainglory, ostentation,
language; O ( mudda swaggering
li-l-ayawyt antibiotics; mdi and madd panegyrist,
(multahiba) combustible materials, encomiast, eulogist
inflammable matter; fuel; 1
madar (coll.; n. un. )clods of earth or
(madanya) civil cases (jur.);
mud, loam, clay ahl al-
textiles
wabar wa-l-m. the tent-dwellers and the
mdd material; corporeal, city-dwellers, the nomads and the
physical; materialistic; (pl. -n) sedentary population
materialist; objective (as opposed to
madara clod of earth or mud; small
)
hump of the ground
mddya materialism 2
mudar2 pl. of mudir, see
( manawyt) material and ideal
things madrs2 Madras (state and city in S
India)
mamdd extended; outstretched;
elongated; prolonged, protracted, drawn madrd2 Madrid
out; extensive, great, large; provided with ( Engl.) midlin middling, of
madda (gram.) medium quality (com.)
mumaddad spread, outspread, II to found or build cities; to civilize,
outstretched; stretched out, sprawling, urbanize, humanize, refine V
lying; extended, elongated, long tamaddana to be or become civilized;
mumtadd extended, outstretched; tamadyana do.; to enjoy the
spread, outspread, laid out; extending, comforts; of civilization, the amenities of
stretching, spreading; extensive, wide, life
large, comprehensive madna pl. mudun,
mustamadd taken, derived ( madin2 town, city or
from) (usually followed by the epithet al-
munawwara) Medina (city in W Saudi
 Arabia); m. as-salm Baghdad
(capital of Iraq); Cape Town;
( kubr) the big cities
madan urban, urbanized, city-
dwelling, town-dwelling; civilized,
refined, polished; civilian (as opposed to
military), civil, civic; secular; town
dweller, townsman, city dweller, urbanite,
citizen, civilian; of Medina, Medinan (adj.
and n.) ( daw) civil action,
civil suit, civil proceeding (jur.);
( ayarn) civil aeronautics;
civil law
madanya civilization
tamdn civilizing, civilization,
advancement in social culture,
humanization, refining, raising of moral
standards
tamdn civilizing, civilizatory,
civilizational
tamaddun and tamadyun
civilization; refinement of social culture
tamaddun civilized
mutamaddin civilized;
sophisticated, refined, educated
mutamadyin civilized, provided
with the comforts of civilization
III to grant a respite or delay ( to s.o.) IV
do. VI to persist, persevere ( or or
in), keep, stick, adhere ( or or to);
to continue ( s.th.), keep or go on (
doing s.th.); to go far, go to extremes (
in); to continue, last, draw out
madan extension, expanse, stretch,
spread, compass, range, scope, space,
latitude, reach; distance, interval,
interspace; extent, degree, measure, scale,
proportion; utmost point, extreme, limit;
space of time, duration, period; (prep.)
mad4 for the duration of, during, in a
(given) period of, in the course of
m. l-baar range or field of vision,
visual range; m. l-ayh lifetime;
for life; ( ayaw) lebensraum;
m. d-dawarn continually,
constantly, perpetually; m. -
aut roach of the voice, calling distance;
m. l-umr lifetime; m. l-
ayym throughout the days, continually;
at a great distance;
( ari amtr) at a distance of 10
meters; far-reaching,
(midfa) long-range gun;
after all, when alls said and done, in the
last analysis
madya, mudya, midya pl.
mudan, midan, mudyt, mudayt
butchers knife; knife
madaw, mudaw, midaw cutler
tamdin: in
the long run
( Fr. modle) modl pl. -t model
II tamadyana see
mud since (= mundu)
madira a (madar) to be addle (egg),
become rotten II to scatter, disperse,
spread or sprinkle about ( s.th.) V = I
adara madara scattered here
and there
madir spoiled, rotten, putrid
madaqa u (madq) to mix with water,
dilute
madq watered wine 899
madq diluted, mixed with water,
watered, watery
madq and mumdaq
insincere, hypocritical
madila a (madl, madl) to reveal,
disclooe ( s.th. secret)
II tamadhaba see
1
marra u (marr, murr, mamarr)
to pass ( or s.o., s.th. or by s.o., by
s.th.), go, walk, saunter, or stroll by or
past ( ;)to march past s.o. (), pass
in review ( before s.o.; mil.); to pass,
elapse, go by, run out (time); to come, go,
walk, or pass along s.th. ( or ), skirt (
or s.th.); to pass, go, walk, move,
march, travel ( or or through),
cross, traverse ( a place, a country, a
room); to flow through, run through; to fly
through; to lead, run, out ( through an
area; border), pass ( over), cross ( an
area); to go or pass ( through a stage or
phase), undergo ( a state or phase); to
cross ( a border, s. line, mountains, and again; ( widatan) at once, at
etc.); to fly ( over an area; airplane); to one time; eventually, finally, at last;
depart, go away, leave; to continue ( to ( aktara) more than once, several
do s.th.), keep, or go on, doing s.th. times; at all, absolutely, entirely;
( dikruh) it has been discussed, it has (with neg.) not at all, never, by no means;
been mentioned above; as it has gaira marratin or
passed before us, as we have already repeatedly, several times, more than once;
mentioned; to pass the kam marratan how often? how
examination; ( bi-salm) to turn many times? for the sixth
out well, go off without mishap; times; li-kiri marratin or
( bi-baarih) to scan s.th., peruse for the time; li-awali
s.th. hastily; ( marra l-barq) to marratin for the first time;
pass swiftly, flash past, flit past; (addatan) frequently, often;
( marra l-k.) to pass as if nothing had (wa-takran) time and again, again
happened, brush past; )( and again
to overlook s.th. generously, pass over murr passing; parade, march past
s.th. with dignity, treat s.th. with disdain II ( ;)passage, march, journey, or trip
to let pass ( s.th.); to convey, carry or through ( ), transit; flowing
take through ( s.th.); to pass ( the ball, through, flow; crossing, traversal; flying
in soccer) ( qanh) to over ( ;)uninterrupted sequence; traffic
pass or take a ship through the canal IV to (street, tourist, shipping); progression,
let ( s.o.) go by or past s.o. or s.th. ( or process, course, lapse (of time); (eg.)
;)to let ( s.o.) pass ( or s.th.); to inspection m. az-zamn
make ( s.o., s.th.) go through s.th. ( expiration of the deadline;
or ), lead, take or send ( s.o.) through ( tadkirat al-m. permit, pass, laissez-passer;
or ), pass,stick ( or s.th. passport; arakat al-m.
through); to insert ( or s.th. in) through traffic; urat al-m
( naarah) to pass ones traffic police, highway patrol;
glance over, let ones eyes wander over X traffic regulations
to last, endure, continue, go on; to remain,
stay; to continue ( or s.th., to do mamarr passing, going by;
s.th.), persist, persevere ( or in s.th.), elapsing; lapse, expiration (of time);
keep ( or to s.th., doing s.th.), go transition; crossing; access, approach; (pl.
on ( doing s.th.), stick, adhere ( or -t) aisle, passage, passageway, corridor;
to s.th.) ford; (mountain) pass ( sufl)
underpass; in the course of
marr passing, going by; passage, centuries
transit; transition; crossing; progression,
process, lapse, course (of time); iron imrr passing through, insertion
shovel, spade; rope ( m. iz- istimrr duration, permanence,
zamn) in the course of time continuity, continuance, continuation,
marra pl. -t, mirr time, turn; continued existence, survival; persistence
marratan once; marrataini twice; continually, constantly;
marrtin repeatedly; several times, ( dawman) constantly,
quite often; mirran several times, continuously, incessantly, without
more than once, quite often; at times, now interruption; qwat al-ist.
and then, occasionally, sometimes inertia, vis inertiae
marratan m or dta marratin mrr passing; going, walking,
once, one time, one day; riding, etc., past or by; (pl. -n,
marratan ukr or ( jaddatan) mrra) passer-by, pedestrian, walker,
once again, once more, anew, or stroller ( dikruh) the above-
time and again, again and again; mentioned, what has already been
( tilwa) time after time, time discussed
 mustamirr lasting, permanent, Engl. one, as ( yaunnu) one
enduring, constant, continual, would think
uninterrupted, unceasing, incessant; imraa (with def. article al-
continuous, unbroken ( tayyr)
mara) pl. see , woman, wife
direct current (el.); ( maujt) ( musalsala) Andromeda (astron.)
continuous waves (phys.)
2 mura and murwa the ideal
marra u a ( marra) to be or become of manhood, comprising all knightly
bitter II to make bitter, embitter ( s.th.) virtues, esp., manliness, valor, chivalry,
IV to be or become bitter; to make bitter ( generosity, sense of honor
s.th.) VI to fight, contend, dispute (with
each other) X to think bitter, find bitter ( mar manly, virile; healthful,
s.th.) salubrious, healthy, wholesome
(hanan) approx.: may it do you much
murr pl. amrr bitter; severe; good! I hope you will enjoy it (i.e, food)!
sharp; painful; bitterness; myrrh
m. a-ar colocynth (bot.) mar pl. amria, mur
esophagus, gullet
mirra pl. mirar gall. bile; (pl.
amrr) strength, power marrku2, marrki2 Marrakech (city in
W Morocco); Morocco
marra pl. marir2
bitterness; gall, gall bladder; innermost, marrku, marrki Moroccan
heart ( inaqqat, gaian) (adj. and n.)
he burst with anger marata u (mart) to suck, bite ( ones
marr pl. marir2 strong, fingers); to soften, crush, squash, mash (
firm, stubborn, tenacious, dogged, s.th.); to macerate, soak (in water; s.th.)
persistent, deep-seated, deep, profound 1
marj pl. murj grass-covered
(esp., of feelings) steppe; pasture land; meadow
marra pl. marir2 firmness; harj wa-marj confusion,
detention, resoluteness; vigor, energy, jumble, tumult, hubbub
tenacity, doggedness; steadiness,
constancy maraj disorder, confusion, jumble
2
amarr2 firmer, stronger; bitterer marjn, murjn (coll.; n. un. )small
the two bitter things (i.e., poverty pearls; corals samak m.
and old age); qs l-amarrain goldfish
to go through the worst, be exposed to marjn coralline, coral, coralli-
greatest hardships (in compounds), corallike, coral-red
mamrr bilious; foolish, crazy; atoll; coral reefs
fool marjaa to rock II tamarjaa to swing
maraa, maria a and marua u ( back and forth, pendulate, dangle; to be in
mara) to be wholesome, healthful, suspense, be pending, be in abeyance
palatable (food); -- marua u ( maria a (mara) to be gay, merry,
mura) to be manly; -- marua u ( cheerful, in high spirits, hilarious,
mara) to be healthy and salubrious exuberant, lively; to be glad, happy,
(climate) X to find wholesome and tasty ( delighted; to rejoice, exult
food); to enjoy, savor, relish ( s.th.); to (saria) to do as one likes, proceed
be able to digest ( s.th.; also fig.); to take arbitrarily
to s.th. (), take a liking ( to), derive
pleasure ( from) mara joy, cheerfulness, gaiety,
glee, mirth, hilarity, merriment, liveliness
, imra and imru (with
definite article al-mar) a man; 901 mari pl. mar,
person, human being; frequently for mar joyful, gay, happy, merry,
 cheerful, lively, romping, hilarious, mutamarrid refractory,
exuberant recalcitrant, disobedient, insubordinate,
mutinous, rebellious
mir jollity, hilarity, exuberance
mardaq marjoram
mar joyful, gay, happy, merry,
cheerful, lively, romping, hilarious, marzubn pl. marziba
exuberant vicegerent, provincial governor, satrap (in
ancient Persia)
mar well done! bravo!
bravo to ... marzaj, marzanj
mimr of cheerful disposition, marasa u (mars) to soak (in water),
gay-tempered, blithe; gay, jovial person macerate ( s.th.) III to exercise, pursue,
practice ( s.th., esp., a profession); (intr.)
maraba to welcome ( s.o.)
to practice, have or operate a practice; to
marak a (mark) to oil, anoint,rub, carry out, execute ( an action); to apply
embrocate ( the body) II do. V to rub o.s. (0 to s.th.), go in for ( ;)to try V to
ones skin with a liniment, oil o.s., anoint rub o.s. ( with, against); to have trouble,
o.s. be at odds ( with); to exercise ( an
marik soft; slack, flabby, flaccid office), pursue, practice ( a profession);
to work ( with), be in practical contact,
mark liniment; salve, unguent, have actually to do ( with s.th.); to have
ointment to cope or struggle ( with s.th.) VI to
mirrk Mars (astron.) fight, struggle, contend with each other
marada u ( murd) and maruda ( mars game which is won by
marda, murda) to be refractory, getting all the tricks
recalcitrant, rebellious; to revolt, rebel ( maris pl. amrs seasoned,
against) II to strip ( a branch) of its practiced, experienced, veteran
leaves; to plaster, mortar, face ( a
building) V to be refractory, recalcitrant, marasa pl. amrs rope,
to revolt, rebel ( agaist); to be insolent, cord, line; cable, hawser
arrogant, overbearing mirs and marsa strength,
murd pl. mardy (punting) power sahl al-m. tractable,
pole, boat hook 902 manageable, docile, compliant;
or ( ab al-m. intractable,
mard, marrd pl. marrd2 unruly, refractory;
nape, neck intractability, unruliness, refractoriness,
ma.rid pl. murad refractory, recalcitrance
recalcitrant, rebellious marsa a kind of beer
2
timrd pl. tamrd dovecot mars hot south wind (eg.)
2 2
amrad , f. mard , pl. mumrasa pursuit, exercise,
mard beardless; leafless (tree); dry, practicing (of a profession); execution,
withered implementation; practical application;
tamarrud refractoriness, practice; experience, routine; negotiation
recalcitrance, disobedience, tamarrus practicing, practice (
insubordination; uprising, insurrection, of an activity, of a profession)
mutiny, revolt, rebellion
marsliy Marseille (seaport in SE
mrid pl. -n, marada, France)
murrd refractory, recalcitrant, defiant;
rebel, insurgent; demon, evil spirit, devil; marsn myrtle (myrtus; bot.)
giant maraa u (mar) to scratch ( s.th.)
 marl (field) marshal mar fertile, productive (soil)
mur Morse (code) mimr thriving, flourishing,
prosperous (city)
maria a (mara) to be or become lick;
to fall ill, be taken ill II to make ill or sick II to roll (in the dust) ( s.th.); to rub over
( s.o.); to nurse, tend ( a sick person) IV ( s.th.); to rub ( s.th.) IV to soil, sully,
to make ill or sick ( s.o.) V to be infirm, make dirty ( s.th.) V to roll, wallow
ailing, sickly, weak VI to feign illness, (esp., in the dust); to waver irresolutely
malinger margarn margarine
mara pl. amr disease, murfn morphine
malady, ailment; illness, sickness
m. al-bay ad-daqq maraqa u ( murq) to pierce,
mildew; ( aab) nervous penetrate ( s.th. or s.o.; esp., of an
disease, neuropathy; ( aql) arrow), go or pass through ( ;)to dart,
mental disease; ( fam) blight, rush, shoot, or fly past, pass swiftly; to
blast (of grain); ( firanj) hurry away, scamper away; to stray (e.g.,
syphilis; ( mudin) contagious of an arrow); to digress, deviate; to
disease; ( binya) internal renege, renounce (esp. the true
diseases; ( sirrya) faith) ( sahmu) (lit.: the arrow
venereal diseases; ( adrya) hal passed through, i.e.) the matter is
diseases of the chest, pulmonary diseases finished, done with. settled II to sing
murin see maraq and maraqa broth,
bouillon; gravy
mara relating to disease,
morbid, pathological, patho- (in murq straying, deviation;
compounds) apostasy, defection, desertion, disloyalty
mar pl. mar, murq (tun.) nickname of
mar sick, ill, ailing; diseased; unwell, professional Koran reciters in Tunis; (tun.)
indisposed; sick person, patient pallbearer
( nafs) psychopath mriq pl. murrq,
mimr sickly, in poor health, maraqa straying; apostate, renegade,
ailing defector, turncoat, deserter; heretic
tamr sick-nursing mumriq insolent, impudent
mumarri (male) sick nurse, II tamarkaza to concentrate ( on, at,
hospital attendant; ambulance man, first- in); to settle, establish o.s. gain a footing,
aid man; doctors assistant take root; to consolidate ones position; to
gravitate (to)
mumarria sick nurse, nurse (f.)
etc., see
mutamarri sickly, in poor
health, ailing look up alphabetically
mara u (mar) to tear out, pull out, pluck tamarkuz concentration;
out ( hair) II do. V to fall out (hair) consolidation (of a position)
mar and amra, f. marrku2, marrki2 Marrakech (city in
mar, pl. mur hairless W Morocco); Morocco
maraa a (mar) to rub over, anoint ( marrki, marrki Moroccan
s.th.) (adj. and n.)
mar pl. amru, amr markz marquis
pasture ( Fr. marmiton) marmatn and
mura grease, oil pl. -t kitchen boy, scullery boy
1
marmara to be or become bitter; to
become angry II tamarmara to murmur,
mumble; to grumble 904
2
marmar marble
marmar marble (adj.)
marmaa (eg.) to spoil, damage ( s.th.)
see 2
mirms rhinoceros
1
marana u ( marna, murn,
murna) to be pliant, flexible,
ductile, elastic; -- ( murn, 2
marna) to be or become accustomed, get
used ( to) II to train, drill ( s.o.); to
accustom, condition, season, inure (
s.o. to), make ( s.o.) get used ( to); V
to become accustomed, get used ( to);
to exercise, practice ( s.th.), train (
in), be practiced, trained, experienced (
in); to be drilled, drill
marin pliant, pliable, flexible,
bending; elastic; plastic; supple, limber,
lithe; ductile, extensible; yielding,
compliant
marna and murna pliancy,
pliability, flexibility; elasticity; ductility;
plasticity; agility, nimbleness; resilience
tamrn pl. -t, tamrn2 maryam2 Mary, Maria
exercise, practice, training; military
training, drill; practical experience;
expertness, skill; preparatory training,
(period of) probation, apprenticeship,
traineeship ( ibtid) basic
training; jundya) or
( askarya) military exercises,
maneuvers; O coaching,
tutoring; extra drill (mil.);
(riyya) gymnastic exercises;
undergoing preparatory training, engaged
on probation (official, employee)
mirn expertness, skill; exercise,
practice, drill, training; habituation, habit;
accustomedness; practical experience;
routine
tamarrun exercise, practice,
training
mumarrin trainer, coach;
instructor; drill sergeant
mumarran practiced, seasoned,
experienced, trained, skilled ( in);
accustomed, used ( to)
mutamarrin practiced, seasoned,
experienced, trained, skilled ( in);
accustomed, used ( to); probationer,
undergoing probation, probationary
pl. look up alphabetically
1
marw Merv (present-day Mary, town in
Turkmen S.S.R.)
marw, maraw native of Merv
marw (coll.; n. un. )pebble; flint
2
see
2
III to wrangle, argue, dispute ( with s.o.;
to resist, oppose ( s.o.); to contest (
s.th.) VIII to doubt ( s.th.)
murya, mirya doubt, quarrel,
wrangle, argument, dispute
mir quarrel, wrangle, argument,
dispute; doubt ( bi-l) or
(mira) incontestable, indisputable,
unquestionable, undisputed, uncontested;
it is an incontrovertible fact
that ..., unquestionably
2
pl. see
maryamya sage (bot.)
mazza u (mau) to suck
muzz sourish, acidulous
mazza pl. -t and mzza (eg.)
relishes, appetizers (taken with drink)
mazaja u (mazj, mizj) to mix,
mingle, blend ( different things,
s.th. with) III to form a mixture or
compound, be mixed, be blended, mix,
mingle, blend, combine ( with s.th.); to
adapt o.s. ( to s.o.), humor ( s.o.) VI to
intermix:, intermingle, interblend, be
intermixed, be intermingled VIII to be
mixed, be mingled, be blended, mix,
mingle, blend ( with)
mazj mixing, blending
mizj pl. amzija mixture,
medley, blend; temperament, temper,
nature, disposition; frame of mind, mood,
 humor, vein; physical constitution;
condition, (state of) health
(damaw) sanguine temperament;
( saudaw) melancholic
temperament; ( afrw) handle, palpate ( s.o., III s.th.); to touch (
choleric (or bilious) temperament;
( balgam) phlegmatic temperament;
( mm) popular taste; woman); to hit, befall ( s.o.; damage,
delicate nature, weakly constitution;
hot-tempered; munarif (bi-sin) to harm, wrong, hurt s.o.;
al-m. unwell, indisposed, out of sorts;
( yuwjiqu) this is not to my s.th., hurt, impair, prejudice s.th.;
taste
mazj compounded, blended (
of); mixture, medley, blend ( of);
combination, compound, alloy
tamzuj intermixing,
intermingling, interblending. intermixture
imlizj mixture, blend
mazaa a (maz) to joke, jest,
make fun III to joke, make fun ( witb s.o.)
maz, muz, miz and of 906 fever; (
muza joking, joke, jest, fun
mazz and mzi joker,
jester, buffoon, wag
mizr a kind of beer
mazaa a (maz) to run, bound, tear along,
gallop along; to tear apart ( s.th.); to tear,
rip ( s.th. off) II to pick, pluck ( wool
or cotton); to tear to pieces ( s.th.)
muza, miza pl. muza, miza
piece, bit, bite; flock of wool
mazaqa i (mazq) to tear, rend, rip apart (
s.th.) II to tear, rend, rip apart ( s.th.); to
tear up, tear to pieces, shred ( s.th.) V to
get torn, be rent; to be in shreds, get torn
to pieces; to burst open, tear, break, snap
mazq tearing, tearing up, rending;
tear, rent, rupture
mizqa pl. mizaq piece torn off,
shred
tamzq tearing, rending,
shredding, fragmentation
mazmaza to sip
muzn (coll.; n. un. , pl. muzan) rain
clouds
mazya pl. mazya and mziya
pl. -t advantage; privilege, prerogative;
excellence, superiority; merit, virtue
massa a (mass, mass) to feel, finger,
s.o., s.th.); to violate ( s.th. sacred),
infringe ( upon); to cohabit ( with a
calamity) ( bi-adan) or
to be injurious, damaging to
( jatu) circumstances require ...,
(it) is necessary, urgently needed;
(lugman) to hit a mine III to touch ( s.o.);
to be in touch, be in contact ( with s.o.)
VI to touch each other, be in mutual
contact
mass touching, touch; contact;
misfortune, calamity; attack, fit (of a
disease) j insanity, madness, frenzy,
possession m. al-umm attack
abah)
he has gone crazy
massa (n. vic.) touch
mass touching, feeling,
handling, fingering, palpation; violation (
of), infringement, encroachments (
e.g., upon a right); connection, relation,
contact it is connected
with ..., it touches upon ..., it concerns;
concerning ..., regarding ...
mass touching, touch
should the necessity arise, if (or when)
necessary; he is in
urgent need of ...
mumssa touching, tangency;
adjacency, contiguity; contact
tamss (mutual) contact
mss tangent; touching, ( s.th.,
also fig., upon s.th.); adjacent, adjoining,
contiguous; urgent, pressing, important
urgent need, exigency;
it is urgently needed;
(kahrab) short circuit
mamss touched; palpable,
tangible; mentally deranged, insane
mumss tangent (math.)
( It. mostarda) mustarda mustard
 mistika =
( It. mastello) mastilla pl. -t tub
2
masaa a (mas) to stroke with the hand
( s.th.); to wipe off, wipe away ( s.th.);
to rub off ( s.th.); to wash, wash off (
s.th.); to wipe out, blot out, erase ( s.th.);
to clean, polish ( s.th.); to smooth,
smooth with a plane, to plane ( s.th.); to
rub ( s.o. with); to anoint ( s.o.
with); to deprive, dispossess ( s.o. of),
take away, withdraw ( from s.o. s.th.);
-- (mas, misa) to survey ( land,
estate, etc.), make a cadastral survey (
of) 0 to wipe off ( s.th.); to rub, anoint (
s.o.); to cajole, coax, wheedle, persuade (
s.o.); to Christianize ( s.o.) III to cajole,
coax, wheedle, persuade ( s.o.) V to wipe
o.s., wash o.s.; to provoke ( s.o.), pick a
quarrel ( with)
mas wiping, wiping off; cleaning;
robbing, embrocation; anointing,
anointment, (extreme) unction; land
survey
mis pl. mus coarse woolen
fabric, haircloth, sacking; pl. hair shirt,
monastic garb, monks frock
labisat il-musa to take the veil, become
a nun
masa (n. vic.) a rubbing,
embrocation; anointing, anointment;
unction; tinge, shade, air, appearance,
veneer (fig.); trace. touch (of s.th.)
extreme unction; clown
to administer extreme unction to a sick
person
mass land surveyor; bootblack,
shoeblack, shoeshine
misa pl. -t plane, surface;
area; acreage; floor space; surface extent;
terrain sector (mil.); surveying, survey;
geodesy; cadastre m. al-
ar land surface; area, acreage;
( mya) area of water; II to massage ( aah s.o.s
malaa al-m. survey department, land
registry office
mas pl. musa2, amsd palm fibers, raffia
anointed; wiped, clean, smooth; the
Messiah, Christ
mas Christian, Messianic; (pl.
-t) a Christian ( dn) the
Christian faith, Christianity
al-masya Christendom;
Christianity, the Christian faith
mims and mimsaa pl.
mams2 dust cloth, dish rag, floor
rag; doormat; scraper 907
mas bootblack, shoeblack,
shoeshine
mams wiped, wiped off, wiped
clean; cleaned; smoothed, planed;
polished; smooth; anointed; abraded, worn
(coin) ( man) senseless,
meaningless, inane
3
tims pl. tams crocodile
(zool.)
masaka a (mask) to transform (
s.o. from -- into), transmute, convert (
s.th.); to falsify, distort ( s.th.); to mar,
spoil ( s.th.)
mask transformation,
metamorphosis; transmutation,
conversion; falsification, distortion,
misrepresentation; metempsychosis
mask, misk pl. musk
transformed into an animal; misshapen,
deformed, disfigured; ugly, misshapen
midget; freak, monstrosity; monster
maska (eg.) buffoon, harlequin,
transformed; disfigured, defaced,
deformed, ugly; tasteless, insipid, stale
mamsk transformed; marred,
spoiled; disfigured, defaced, deformed,
ugly
maskara to ridicule, mock, deride
( s.o.) II tamaskara to make fun ( of),
laugh ( at)
limbs)
masad (coll.) pl. misd,
tamsd massage
1
look up alphabetically
2
masr the 12th month of the Coptic al-isbt keeping of accounts,
calendar accountancy
( It. mostra) masara pl. masir2 maska pl. masakt grip, hold
sample, specimen; see also
misk (m. and f.) musk
masqa Masqat (seaport and capital of m. al-jinn a variety of goosefoot
Oman) (Chenopodium Botrys; bot.); m.
12 al-kitm lit.: the concluding musk (i.e.,
masaka u i (mask) to grab, grasp, clutch,
with which, originally, a letter was finally
clasp, seize ( or s.th.), take hold or
perfumed), the best following in the end,
of); to hold, hold fast ( or s.th.); to
the crowning touch
stick, cling, cleave, adhere, hang on ( to)
( isbt) to keep the books, miska a little, a touch, a glimpse, a
keep the accounts; ( daffata l-u.) to be whiff ( of)
at the helm, be in charge; musuk and musaka grasping,
(lisnanah) to keep ones tongue in greedy, avaricious
check II to scent with musk ( s.th.); to
have ( s.o.) seize or hold IV to seize, grip, muska pl. musak handle; hold;
grasp, clasp, clutch, hold ( or s.th.); to grip; handhold, support m. al-
hold fast, grab ( or , s.o., s.th., amal that to which hope clings
s.o. by his hair, and the like); to hold back, muska, musuka and maska,
keep, detain, restrain ( , s.o., s.th., misaka avarice
from); to withhold, not to expend ( s.th.);
to refrain, abstain, keep, desist ( from), muskn earnest money, pledge
forbear, cease, stop ( doing s.th.), keep misk dam, weir; hem, border
away, remain aloof ( from); to keep,
retain ( s.th. for o.s.) mask tenacious; avaricious,
(amsik) keep ...! waqifan) to miserly; watertight, waterproof
hold o.s. upright; ( bi-yadih) to imsk seizure; restraint, detention,
take s.o. by the hand; ( yadah) to check; stop, cessation; abstinence;
take s.o.s hand; to stop avarice; constipation (med.); time of the
publication, fold up (newspaper); day which marks the beginning of the
( lisnah) to keep ones tongue in Ramadan fast
check; ( bana) to constipate
imskya calendar of fasting
(med.) V to hold on, hold fast ( to),
during the month of Ramadan
clutch ( s.th.); to stick, cling, cleave (
to); to hang on ( to), persist ( in); to tamassuk adherence; devotedness,
keep, adhere ( to s.th.); to rise (prices), devotion, attachment; written
harden, firm up (quotations) commitment, IOU; firming-up, or
(bi-ahdbih) to be most devoted to s.o., consolidation, of the market, hardening of
be at s.o.s beck and call, be under s.o.s quotations legal moratorium,
thumb; to adhere, cling to moratory law (jur.)
s.th.; ( bi-rayih) to stick to tamsuk holding together,
ones opinion VI to hold together, be cohesiveness; coherence; cohesion
firmly connected, be interlocked; to (phys.); firmness, solidity; tenacity
compose o.s., pull o.s. together; to remain
undaunted, remain calm, be 908 istimsk adherence, loyalty (
composed; to stay on ones feet; to be in to)
full possession of ones strength; to mumassak musky, musk-scented,
refrain, abstain, keep ( from) X to keep, perfumed
stick, cling, adhere ( to); to grab, seize (
s.th.); to refrain, abstain, keep ( from) mumsik holding, clutching,
grabbing; checking, restraining.
mask seizure, grip, hold; detention
bookkeeping; m.
 withholding; economical, thrifty; ma napkin
grasping, greedy, avaricious
mj gamete, germ cell
mutamassik holding fast, hanging
maaa a (ma) to administer extreme
on, clinging, adhering; tenacious; firm,
unction ( to s.o.)
solid
maa extreme unction
mutamsik holding together,
coherent, cohesive, hanging together, maaa u i (ma) to comb II do. V and
firmly connected, interlocked; continuous, VIII to comb ones hair
uninterrupted; firm, solid; tenacious mu pl. am, mi comb;
mustamsik composed, calm rake; bridge (of stringed instruments); O
(mind) (mil.) cartridge clip m. ar-ril
2 metatarsus, instep (anat.); m. al-
muskt muscatel (wine) yad metacarpus (anat.)
II tamaskana to become poor, be reduced mu toothed, indented, jagged,
to poverty; to pretend to be poor; to feign dentate; comblike, pectinate
poverty or humility; to be submissive,
servile, slavish, fawning tam combing, carding (of wool)
maskana poverty, misery; mi barber, hairdresser
humbleness, humility, submissiveness mia ladys maid; (woman)
miskn pl. -n, maskn 2 hairdresser
poor, miserable; beggar; humble, mumallal combed, carded (wool)
submissive, servile
maaqa u (maq) to draw out, stretch,
II to wish ( s.o.) a good evening extend ( s.th.); to comb ( s.th.); to tear,
masska llhu bi-l-kair good tear up, shred ( s.th.); to whip, lash (
evening! III see III; IV to enter into s.o.) V to be or get tom or shredded VIII
evening; to be or become in the evening; to snatch away, whip away ( s.th.
to be, become from s.o.); to draw, unsheathe ( the
(abaa) he does so in the morning and in sword)
the evening 909
maq pl. amq model,
mas pl. ams, pattern (esp., one to be copied in writing)
amsyt evening; masan in the evening
masa amsi yesterday miq slender, slim, svelte
evening, last night; m. al-kair or miqa pl. miaq flock of wool
good evening! or cotton; rag, clout, shred; scrap of
aba masaa mornings and evenings, in carding wool; scrap of hemp, oakum
the morning and in the evening
maq slender, slim, svelte
mas evening (adj.)
the evening news muq scrap of flax or hemp;
oakum, tow
umsya pl. amsy evening
muqa scrap of flax or hemp;
= look up alphabetically oakum, tow floss
mas i (masy) to make lean, cause to lose imtiq slenderness
flesh, emaciate ( livestock; of the heat)
mamq slender, slim, svelte
( Fr. Monsieur) misy Mr.; sir ( ka-1-usm) slender as a
maa u (ma) to suck the marrow ( wand
from a bone); to macerate, soak in water ( look up alphabetically
s.th.)
milauz sweet-kerneled apricot
mi whey
 mimi (coll.; n. un. )apricot; apricot
tree ( kilb) bitter-kerneled conformity with, in accordance with,
apricot; ( ) )lauz, amawi) according to
sweet-kerneled apricot
mumull, mimilla medlar (bot.)
mumula, mimila medlar (bot.)
al-mahad Meshed (city in NE Iran)
( and ( ma i (may) to go livestock, cattle
on foot, walk; to go; to pace, stride; to
move along, proceed; to march
to scatter slanderous rumors II to let
or make ( s.o.) go or walk; to adapt,
adjust, fit, accommodate ( s.th. to) III
to keep pace, keep in step ( with s.o.); to
go along, keep up, keep abreast ( with
s.o., with s.th.), keep to s.o.s ( ( side;
to be likeminded ( with s.o. in s.th.), be
guided by the same consideration or
principles ( as s.o. in s.th.), act in
unison ( with s.o. in s.th.) IV = II; to
have an aperient effect ( on s.o.; med.) V
to go on foot, walk; to take a walk, to
stroll, promenade; to walk slowly, saunter;
to pass, move along, stride along; to keep
step, keep up, keep abreast, go along,
agree, harmonize, be compatible, be
-consistent, be in accordance, be in
keeping ( with), fit, suit ( s.th.), be
appropriate, correspond, come up ( to
s.th.); to proceed ( in accordance with a
principle or method); to follow, observe (
a principle) approx.: maa screech owl; vampire
to perfuse s.o.s limbs (of a sensation);
( jatan wa-dahban) to
walk back and forth, pace up and down
maw a laxative, aperient
may going, walking; walk
miya manner of walking, gait,
pace, step, bearing, carriage
ma pl. -n good walker; walker
(athlet.)
maya pl. -t long, narrow
carpet, runner; O baby walker, gocart;
hallway, corridor; footpath, path(way)
mam pl. mamin hallway, II to found, build, settle, civilize, colonize
corridor, passageway, passage; aisle;
footpath, path(way), alley; promenade;
crossing, overpass, bridge; bridge of a
ship; runner, small rug
tamaiyan maa (or )in
min pl. muh going,
walking; pedestrian; foot soldier,
infantryman; the infantry;
miyan on foot
miya pl. mawin
maa (1st pers. perf. masistu) a and (1st
pers. perf. maatu) u (ma) to suck, suck
up, soak up, suck in, absorb ( s.th.); to
sip, lap, lap up, lick up ( s.th.); to suck
out ( s.th.) V to sip gradually, drink in
small sips ( s.th.) VIII to suck, suck up,
suck in ( s.th.); to sip, lap, lap up, lick up
( s.th.); to soak up, absorb, swallow up (
s.th.)
ma sucking, suction, suck,
sucking up, soaking up, soak, soakage,
absorption qaab al-m. sugar
cane
maa (n. vic.) sucking, suck,
suction; sip
ma one who sucks, sucker;
cupper; bloodsucker, extortioner, usurer
mua that which one sucks,
s.th. to suck m. al-qaab
sugar-cane refuse
ma moist, damp (ground)
mi string, twine, packthread
mima suction pipe, sucker; O
siphon
imti sucking, suck, suction;
sucking up, soaking up, soak, soakage,
absorption qwat al-imt.
suction
mam soaked up; drained,
exhausted; emaciated, very lean, skinny
mumta soaking up, absorbing;
absorbent, absorptive
( a place); to Egyptianize, make
Egyptian ( s.th.) V to become a
populated, civilized area, become a big
 city, a metropolis; to Egyptianize, adopt maa pain, suffering, torment,
Egyptian ways; to become an Egyptian torture, anguish, agony, affliction,
mir pl. amr big city; distress; sour milk
metropolis, capital; -- mir2, (colloq.) 911 unwillingly, reluctantly, grudgingly
mar Egypt; Cairo Cairo; mu brackish water, brine,
Heliopolis (section of modern salt water
Cairo) maa agony, torture
mir Egyptian; Cairene; (pl. mumi agonizing, tormenting
-n) an Egyptian; a Cairene, a native of
Cairo maara, maura u and maira a (mar,
maar, mur) to turn sour (milk)
mirya Egyptianism, Egyptian
national character; (pl. -t) Egyptian mair and mir sour (milk)
woman or girl lugat muara the language of
pl. amira, murn, Mudar, the Arabic language
marn2 gut; pl. bowels, maaga a u (mag) to chew (
intestines, guts, tripe; see also under s.th.) ( kalm) to slur, speak
tamr settling, settlement, indistinctly
colonization, civilization; Egyptianization mag chewing, mastication
mutamair Egyptianized, muga pl. muag s.th. to be
naturalized in Egypt chewed; bite, bit, morsel; small chunk of
maak, muak and meat; O embryo; O chewing gum
maak mastic, resin of the mastic tree ( ayyiba) titbit;
(Pistacia lenticus); liquor distilled from (jaalah mugatan) to make s.o. the talk
mastic ajarat al-m. of the town, send tongues wagging about
mastic tree (Pistacia lenticus; bot.) s.o.
maala u to curdle (milk); to strain, filter muga s.th. chewed, chew,
( s.th.) quid
mal whey; (pl. mul) mamaa to rinse
serum (med.) ilm al-m. ma i (muy) to go away, leave, depart;
serology to make off, decamp, abscond; with ;to
mal serous (med.) take s.th. away, remove s.th.; to pass,
elapse, go by, expire, run out (time); to
mamaa to suck( s.th.); to suck up,
advance, progress ( in); to proceed (
soak up, absorb ( s.th.); to sip and turn
in or with s.th., also ), continue (, also
around in the mouth ( a liquid) II
, s.th., to do s.th.), go on ( doing s.th.);
tamamaa to sip and turn around in the
to pursue, practice, exercise ( s.th., also
mouth ( a liquid)
f mihnatin a profession); to
maa u (ma, ma) to penetrate deeper, enter deeper, go deeper (
hurt, pain ( s.o.); to burn, sting ( s.o.); to into s.th.); to 912 bring to an end, wind
torment, harass, trouble, molest ( s.o. up, terminate, conclude, accomplish, carry
with); -- (1st pen. perf. maitu) a ( out, execute, perform ( s.th.); (with
maa, ma, maa) to imperf.) to set out to do s.th., proceed to
be in pain, feel pain, suffer; to be do s.th.; -- ( ma) to be sharp, cut
distressed, worried, troubled IV to cause (sword) ( sablah) to pass
pain ( to s.o.), hurt ( s.o.); to torment, away, die; ( li-sablih) do.;
torture, agonize ( s.o.) ( bai) to conclude a bargain;
( uhrun) months have
ma pain, torment, torture,
passed since then; ( kalmih)
anguish, agony; painful, burning, stinging,
smarting to go on talking; let bygones
be bygones! no more of that! ( f- maa u (ma) to expand by pulling,
m) or ( zamn) formerly, stretch, draw out ( s.th.); to draw tight,
previously, heretofore, once, before, in the tighten, tauten ( s.th.) II to expand,
past; lam yami gairu stretch ( s.th.); to scold, revile, abuse (
qallin latt it did not take long until ..., s.o.) V to expand; to stretch; to distend,
before long ...; min sanatin widen, spread, lengthen; to be capable of
maat one year ago; and he extension or lengthening, be expandable,
went on to say, and he added II to make stretchable, elastic; to be rubberlike
pass, cause to go by; to spend, pass ( ma expansion, extension,
time, with s.th.) IV to spend, p (. time); stretching, distention, lengthening,
to carry out, execute, perform, drawing out
accomplish, conclude, terminate, wind up,
bring to an end ( s.th.); to pass, put ma expandable, extensible,
behind o.s. ( examination); to undersign, stretchable, elastic; dilatory; rubbery,
sign ( s.th.) ( amrahu) to rubberlike; rubber; caoutchouc
throw ones full support behind s.th., tamau expandability,
endorse s.th. wholeheartedly extensibility, elasticity
muy departure, leave; passing; maara u to rain (
lapse, elapsing, expiration (of a period of maarat is-sam it rained); to shower
time); continuation ( of s.th.); deeper with rain ( s.o.; of the sky); to pour out (
penetration, deeper insight ( into); over s.o. s.th.), shower, douse ( s.o.
carrying out, execution, pursuit ( of an with); to do, render ( s.o., bi-kairin a
intention, of a plan) m. al-mudda good turn, a favor); to run swiftly (horse),
lapse of time, superannuation; speed away IV to rain (of the sky); to
( tamassuk) usucapion, prescription cause ( s.th.) to rain ( upon); to
(jur.); ( m. iz-zaman) shower ( s.o. with 913 or upon
lastingly, for long, permanently; s.o. s.th.), heap ( or upon s.o.
( arb) the continuation of the war s.th.) ( wbilan) or
ma sharpness, keenness; ( bi-wbilin) he showered him with
penetration, sagacity, acute discernment; a hail of (e.g., stones), with a rain of (e.g.,
energy strength of purpose, blows), with a flood of (e.g., abuses,
resolution, determination, energy, go threats), etc. X to ask for rain; to ask (
or s.o.) a favor; to wish ( for s.th.),
am sharper, more incisive, desire ( s.th.); to invoke, call down (
more effective upon s.o. s.th.)
tamiya execution, performance, maar pl. amr rain
accomplishment, completion; spending, maaa li-rad ala. pluvio-
passing (of time) t. al.waqt
metrical station
pastime
mra, maara pl. -t downpour,
im realization, execution, rain shower
accomplishment, completion; signing,
signature the undersigned mair and mar rainy,
abounding in rain
min pl. mawin sharp,
keen, cutting; acute, penetrating, incisive, mimar and mimara pl.
effective; energetic; past, bygone; mamir2 raincoat
the past; past tense, perfect, preterit mir, rainy, abounding in rain
(gram.) resolute,
determined; ( ahr) last month mumir rainy, abounding in rain
rainy seasons, periods of rain
mumin signer, signatory
marana to raise to the rank of
muman undersigned, signed metropolitan or archbishop, consecrate as
metropolitan or archbishop ( s.o.) II
 tamarana to be instated or consecrated as
metropolitan (Chr.)
murn, marn, mirn pl. rich as he is; (
marina, marn2 metropolitan, for the government, he doesnt side with
archbishop (Chr.)
marana dignity or office of a
metropolitan, metropolitanate,
archiepiscopate (Chr.)
maranya, murnya pl. you also think that ...? wouldnt you share
-t diocese of a metropolitan,
archbishopric, archdiocese (Chr.)
V to smack ones lips
maala u (mal) to draw out, lengthen,
extend, stretch ( s.th.); to stretch ( a
rope); to hammer, forge, shape by
hammering ( iron); to postpone, defer,
delay; to put off ( s.o. with) III to tarry,
temporize, take ones time; to put off (
s.o. with)
mal deferring, delaying,
procrastinating, tardy, dilatory, slow
2
mala pl. mail wrought stomach
iron
mumala postponement,
deferment, procrastination, delay
) )ma u (maw) to quicken ones
pace, hurry, walk fast IV to mount ( an
animal); to ride ( on an animal) V to
stretch o.s., loll; to stretch ( s.th., ones
body, ones limbs); to walk, proudly, strut,
swagger VIII to mount ( an animal); to
board ( a vehicle), get in (), get aboard
( ;)to ride ( on an animal, in a vehicle)
mawa hour, time, moment
maya pl. may, may maz goat
mount, riding animal; expedient, means to
an end, instrument, tool
maa (prep.) with, simultaneously
with, together with, accompanied by, in
the company of; in the estimation, eyes, or
opinion of; in spite of, despite; toward, in
relation to; maan together; at the same
time, simultaneously; with one another
although; wa-maa imti anger, resentment,
anna -- ill anna although -- nevertheless,
to be sure -- but ..., it is true -- but ;
or in spite of it, nevertheless,
notwithstanding, still; in spite of
all that; ( kaunih ganyan)
although he is rich, for all his being rich,
laisa) he is not
the government; along the wall;
it was with him, he had it with him;
what do you have with you? what
have you brought along? whats 914 up
your sleeves? ( alasta) dont
my view that
istamala wasil l-qaswati maah he
brought harsh measures to bear on him
maya company; escort; suite,
retinue, entourage, attendants )
( in the company of so-and-so;
herein enclosed, herewith
V to wind, meander
pass. muida to have a gastric ailment,
suffer from dyspepsia, have a
stomachache
maida, mida pl. miad
mad, mid of or pertaining to the
stomach, gastric, stomachic
gastric diseases; ( umm) gastric
fever
mamd suffering from a gastric
disease, dyspeptic
maira a (maar) to fall out (hair) IV to
become poor, impoverished, be reduced to
poverty V = I
mar (eg.) braggart, braggadocio,
swaggerer
maz, maaz (coll.; n. un. )pl. amuz,
miz pl. mawiz2 goat
maz goatherd
maasa a (mas) to rub ( s.th.); to
squash, crush ( s.th.)
maaa a (ma) and VIII to be annoyed
( by), be angry ( at), resent ( s.th.)
annoyance, displeasure; excitement,
agitation
mumtai annoyed, vexed,
angry; upset, excited
 maaa a (ma) to tear out, pull out, pluck miaw of or pertaining to the
out ( hair, feathers) intestines, intestinal; enteric
mai and ama2, f. (umm) typhoid fever, enteric fever,
ma, pl. mu hairless, bald abdominal typhus
2
maya see
maaka a (mak) to rub ( s.th.)
mugt (eg.) root of Glossostemon
makarna macaroni
Bruguieri (bot.)
1
mamaa pl. mami2 confusion,
jumble, mess, tohubohu; tumult, uproar; magar and mugra reddish, russet
color
turmoil; pl. wars, battles
maman raging, roar (of a amgar2 reddish brown, russet
storm), turmoil, thick (of a battle), height, magraba (mor.) Moroccanization
climax (of heat and cold)
maga to cause gripes; pass. mugia
m. a-aif high summer;
(mag.) to have gripes or colic, suffer from
deepest winter
colic
2
IV to apply o.s. assiduously, devote all mag, maga and mag,
ones efforts ( to s.th.); to be keen, gripes; colic ( kulw) renal
intent ( on), be eager ( for); to colic
examine closely, study carefully,
scrutinize ( s.th.); to go to extremes ( mamg, suffering from colic;
in s.th.), overdo, carry too far ( s.th.) having gripes
( naara) to fix ones eyes on magaa a (mag) to stretch, extend,
s.th., regard s.th. attentively, examine s.th. expand, draw, out II do.
closely, scrutinize s.th. V to become
engrossed or absorbed, bury o.s. ( in), mutamaggi stretchable, elastic
regard attentively, examine carefully ( s. (rubber); tough, viscous, ropy, sticky
th.), look closely ( at s.o., at s.th.), magasa to magnetize, make magnetic,
scrutinize ( s.o., s.th.) subject to magnetic induction ( s.th.) II
mn pl. mawn tamagasa to be magnetized, become
implement, utensil, instrument; vessel, magnetic
receptacle, container; (coll.) implements, magasa magnetism
utensils, gear; (syr.) ream of paper
mumagas magnetized,
mna pl. -t, mawn2 magnetic
(eg.) lighter, barge
kaab al-mugna, k. al-
imn and i. an-naar mugn mahogany (wood)
close examination, careful study, scrutiny
( of s.th.); devotion ( to s.th.), magnaa to magnetize, subject to
care, carefulness, assiduity, diligence, magnetic induction ( s.th.)
attentiveness, attention 915 mignas, magnas magnet O
tamaun close examination, ( kahrab) electromagnet
careful study, scrutiny; care, carefulness migns, magns. magnet;
carefully magnetism
) )ma u ( ma) to mew, miaow, mignas magnetic; hypnotic
(cat)
mignsya and
1
mian, may and mi pl. magnetism
am, amya gut; intestines, bowels,
magnsiy magneoio
entrails the small intestine;
the large intestine al-mugl the Mongols; the Moguls
Mongolia
 mugl Mongolian
maqata u (maqt) to detest, abhor, loathe,
hate ( s.o., s.th.); -- maquta u (
maqta) to be abominable, detestable,
loathsme, hated, odious II maqata; to
make ( s.o.) hateful ( to s.o.), make s.o.
( )loathe ( s.o.)
maqt hate, hatred, detestation,
loathing, aversion, disgust ; hateful,
odious
maqt and mamqt hated,
detested; hateful, odious; detestable,
abominable, loathsome, repugnant,
disgusting
maqdnis parsley
maqdn Macedonian (adj. and n.)
maqaa a (maq) to drink avidly, toss
down ( s.th.) VIII pass. umtuqia to turn
pale
mumtaqa pale, pallid, wan,
sallow
maqala u (maql) to look ( at s.o.), eye,
regard ( s.o.)
muqla pl. muqal eye; eyeball
m. al-ain eyeball 916
maqniq (= )small mutton
sausages (syr.)
makka2 (usually followed by the epithet
al-mukarrama) Mecca
makk Meccan (adj. and n.)
makkk pl. makkik2
drinking cup; shuttle
mkk pl. mawkik2
drinking cup; shuttle
makata u (makt, mukt) to remain,
abide, stay, live, dwell, reside ( in a
place)
makt and mukt remaining,
staying, lingering, abiding; stay, sojourn
see
( Engl.) makadm macadam
makdn Macedonian (adj. and n.)
makdniy Macedonia
makara u (makr) to deceive, delude, cheat,
dupe, gull, double-cross ( s.o.) III to try
to deceive ( s.o.)
makr cunning, craftiness, slyness,
wiliness, double-dealing, deception,
trickery
makra ruse, artifice, stratagem,
wile, trick, dodge
makkr and makr cunning,
sly, crafty, wily, shrewd, artful; sly, crafty
person, impostor, swindler
mkir pl. makara sly, cunning,
wily
mikrb pl. -t, makrb2 microbe
makarna macaroni
makasa i (mail) and II to collect taxes III
to haggle, bargain ( with s.o.)
maks pl. muks tax, specif.,
excise or sales tax; toll, custom, duty,
impost; market dues custom-
house
makks tax collector
al-maksk Mexico
Mukalla (seaport in Aden Protectorate,
chief town of Hadhramaut)
1
makuna u ( makna) to be or
become strong; to become influential, gain
influence, have influence ( with s.o.),
have power II to make strong or firm,
consolidate, strengthen, cement, establish
firmly, deepen ( s.th.); to lend weight (
to s.th.); to put down or set down firmly (
s.th.), give ( s.th.) a firm stance; to put
( s.o.) in a position ( to do s.th.), give (
s.o.) the possibility ( to do s.th.), enable
( s.o. to do s.th.), make possible (
for s.o. s.th.); to place ( s.th.) in s.o.s ()
hands; to furnish. provide ( s.o. with);
to give or lend a firm position ( to s.o. to
s.th.); to give power ( to s.o. over) IV
to enable ( s.o. to do s.th.); to be
possible, feasible ( for s.o.)
yumkinuh he can ( do s.th.); it is
possible that ...; it may be that ...,
possibly ..., perhaps ..., maybe ;
( aktara) as much as possible; it
is impossible V to have or gain influence,
weight, or prestige ( with s.o.), have or
gain power; to be native, indigenous,
resident; to gain ground; to spread; to be
consolidated, firmly established; to
consolidate, strengthen, gain in strength;
to seize ( on s.th.), possess o.s., take
possession ( of s.th.); to have command
or mastery ( of s.th.), command, muter (
s.th.); to be in a position, be able ( to
do s.th.), be capable ( of), have the
power ( to do s.th.) X to consolidate,
strengthen, deepen, become firmly
established, establish itself; to seize ( on
s.th.), possess o.s., take possession ( of);
to have 917 command or mastery ( of
s.th.), command, master ( s.th.); to be
able ( to do s.th.), be capable ( of)
mukna, makina power, ability,
capacity, capability, faculty; possibility;
strength, firmness, solidity, intensity,
force, vigor
pl. , and see seated
makn pl. mukan2 strong, makina and mkna pl. -t and
firm, solid; firmly established,
unshakable; deep-seated, deep-rooted,
deeply ingrained, inveterate (feeling);
influential, distinguished, of note, of rank,
respected; powerful, potent
amkan2 see
tamkn strengthening,
consolidation, cementation; deepening,
intensification; fixation, establishment;
enabling, enablement, capacitation; livery
of seizing, investiture (Isl. Law)
imkn power, capacity, capability;
faculty, ability; possibility bi-
qadri l-i. or as much as
possible, as far as possible;
adam al-i. impossibility; when
(if) possible, possibly; it is in
his power, he is in a position to ...;
it is in the realm of possibility;
it is impossible, unthinkable,
inconceivable
imknya pl. -t possibility; O
potential (phys.)
tamakkun power, authority,
control, mastery, command; ability,
capability,
faculty; restraint, self-control, self-
possession (also )
mkin strong, firm, solid, lasting,
enduring
mumkin possible; thinkable,
conceivable impossible;
possibly, perhaps, maybe
mumkint possibilities
mutamakkin an adept, a
proficient, a master; strengthened,
cemented; firmly established, firmly
fixed; consolidated; deep-rooted, deep-
seated, deeply ingrained, inveterate;
lasting, enduring; declinable (gram.)
( amkan2) declinable with
nunnation, triptote (gram.);
(gairu amkana) declinable in two cases,
diptote (gram.); indeclinable
(gram.); ( jalsatih) firmly
2
makin2 machine
makan mechanical
see
2
malla (1st pers. perf. maliltu) a ( malal,
mall, malla) to be or become
weary, tired, bored, impatient; to tire,
become tired ( of s.th.), become fed-up (
with) indefatigable, untiring,
unflagging IV to be tiresome, irksome,
wearisome, boring, tedious, vexatious; to
vex, annoy, irritate ( or s.o.); (= )
to dictate ( s.th. to s.o.) V to be
wearied, fed-up; to be bored; to be
restless, fidgety; to embrace a religion (
millatan) VIII to embrace a religion (
millatan)
mall weary, tired, fed-up; bored
malla hot ashes, live embers
milla pl. milal religious
community; religion, creed, faith,
confession, denomination
mill religious, confessional,
denominational ( majlis) court
of justice of a religious minority (in Egypt
abolished since 1956)
mulla pl. mulal basting stitch,
tacking stitch; spring mattress
 malal and mall tiredness, m. banih as much as one can eat,
boredom, ennui; listlessness, weariness; ones fill; m. qadain a cupful;
annoyance, irritation, vexation 918 m. al-yad a handful; m.
kisih corpulent fat; bi-m. il-fam
mull morbid unrest, restlessness
in a loud voice; bi-mili fhi with a
fidgetiness, feverishness
ring of deep conviction (with verbs like
malla weariness, boredom; say, declare, exclaim, etc.); loudly,
impatience; ennui, tedium at the top of ones voice or ones lungs
mall tired, wearied, bored; weary, (with verbs like shout, cry, etc.);
fed-up, disgusted )( aika bi-mili (or mila)
idqaihj to grin from ear to ear;
mull bread baked in hot ashes ( bi-autin miluh -afaqatu) he
mamll offensive, disgusting said in a voice full of mercy ...;
( m. ul-urrya) I have complete
mumill tiresome, tedious, boring, freedom to ..., I am completely at liberty
wearisome, irksome, loathsome, to ...; ( mauqilan mil'uhil
disagreeable
2
I-ilium) he ....umed a posture that w...
mill pl. -t (formerly) the smallest
monetary unit in Palestine and Jordan, all determination; ( ayt)
1/1000 of a Palestinian pound you are all my life; ( mila
jafnaihi) he is sound asleep, he sleeps the
malaa a ( mal, mala, mila) to sleep of the just
fill, fill up ( or or s.th. with); to
fill out ( a form, a blank); to take up, fill, mala pl. aml crowd,
occupy ( space); to fill ( a vacancy) gathering, assembly, congregation;
( dahra) his (its) fame spread far audience; (general) public; council of
and wide; ( sata) to wind up a elders, notables, grandees
watch or clock; ( idqaihi bi- publicly, in public; ( m.
l-haw) to puff ones cheek.; il-lam) for everyone to see, before all
(aina) to satisfy completely, please; the world; ( al) the heavenly
( faa bi--akw) to fill the host, the angels
air with complaints, voice loud laments; mula, milya pl. -t wrap
( fhu) to talk big about ..., shoot worn by Egyptian women; sheet, bed
off ones mouth about ...; -- malia to sheet
be or become filled, filled up, full, replete
III to help, assist, support, back up ( mal full ( of), filled,
s.o. in), side ( with s.o.); to make replete ( with); bulging, swelling (
common cause, join forces ( with s.o. with); plump; stout, fat, corpulent, obese;
against) IV to fill ( s.th., also a vacancy) rich, abounding ( in); well-to-do,
V to till, become full; to be filled ( or wealthy; solvent m. al-badan
with), be full ( or of) VIII to fill, stout, fat, corpulent 919
become full; to be filled (glass; pass.); to maln, f. mal or pl.
be filled ( or with s.th., also with mil full, filled, replete; plump, fat
a feeling), be full ( or of, also of
a feeling); to fill ( s.th.); to fill up ( mumlaa partiality, bias;
s.th.); to imbue, fill ( s.o., with a collaboration (pol.)
feeling) iml filling (also, e.g., of a
mal filling (also, e.g., of vacancy)
vacancies); filling out imtil repletion, fullness; full,
mil pl. aml filling, quantity round form, plumpness; bulkiness;
which fills s.th., fill; quantity contained in fatness, stoutness, corpulence
s.th. m. ihbih l- maml filled, filled up; imbued;
kibriyu he is all pride and arrogance; loaded
 mumli partial, biased,
prejudiced; collaborator (pol.)
mumtali full, filled, filled up,
replete m. al-jism stout, fat,
corpulent
malriy malaria
maly, juzur al-m. the
Malayan Archipelago
malaja u (malj) to suck ( the mothers
breast) VIII to suck
mlaj pl. mawlij2 trowel
malaa u a and malua u ( mul,
mula, mala) to be or
become salt(y); -- malua u ( mala,
mula) to be beautiful, handsome,
pretty, comely, nice, elegant II to salt,
season with salt ( s.th.); to salt away, salt
down, preserve with salt, com, cure (
s.th.) IV to be salt(y) X to find ( s.th.)
beautiful, pretty, nice, or witty
mil m. and f., pl. aml,
mil salt; gunpowder; witticism,
wittiness, wit, esprit bitter
salt, Epsom salt; m. al-brd
saltpeter; gunpowder; m. an-
nudir sal ammoniac, ammonium
chloride; ( madinya) mineral
salts
milh salt, salty, saline
mila bond, obligation,
commitment, covenant
mula pl. mula funny story,
anecdote, bon mot, witticism
mall sailor, seaman, mariner;
(mar.) ghetto of Moroccan cities
mala beauty, grace,
gracefulness; elegance; kindness,
kindliness, friendliness, amiability;
saltiness, salt taste, saltness, salinity
malla pl. -t salina, saline
spring; saltern, saltworks, salt mine;
saltcellar
mila navigation, shipping
( tijrya) mercantile shipping,
maritime transportation;
(jawwya) aviation; ( dkilya)
inland navigation; ( nahrya)
river traffic; navigable
mil navigational, shipping,
marine, maritime, nautical
mula saltiness, salt taste
mal pl. mill, aml
salt, salty, briny, salted; pretty, handsome,
comely; beautiful; nice, pleasant,
agreeable; witty (eg.) ( alqa) a
sound beating
umla pl. aml2 joke,
anecdote
mamlaa pl. mamli2
salina; saltern, saltworks; saline spring;
saltcellar
taml salting, salting down,
preservation in salt, corning, curing
mli salt, salty, briny
mawli2 (pl. of mlia,
citrus fruits; (syr.) salted nuts, peanuts,
almonds, etc.
maml salted, salty 920
mumalla salted; salted down,
corned, cured
mustamla brilliant, witty,
bright, clever, interesting
1
malaka a (malk) to pull out, tear out (
s.th.); to wrench, dislocate, luxate ( a
joint) VIII to pull out, extract ( s.th.)
malk tasteless, insipid
2
mullkya Jews mallow (Corchorus
olitorius; bot.) cultivated as a pot herb; a
thick soup made of this herb (eg., syr.)
malida a (malad) to be tender (esp., twig)
amald2 tender twigs
amlad2, f. mald tender,
flexible
malisa a and malusa u (
malsa, mulsa) to be smooth, level,
even II to make smooth, to smooth, level,
even ( s.th.); to make slippery ( s.th.);
to pass the hand, brush (with the hand) (
over), stroke, caress ( s.th.) V to
become smooth; to glide, slide, slip; to
grope; to slip away, escape VII (also
 immalasa) to become smooth; to glide, malaka i (malk, mulk, milk) to take
slide, slip; to slip away; to escape in possession, take over, acquire ( s.th.),
seize, lay hands ( on), possess o.s., take
malas (eg.) a thin outer garment;
possession, lay hold ( of); to possess,
silk fabric for womens dresses
own, have ( s.th.), be the owner ( of);
malis smooth, sleek to dominate, control ( s.th.): to be master
malsa smoothness ( of); to role, reign, exercise power or
authority, hold sway, lord it ( or
amlas 2, f. mals2, pl. over); to be capable ( of), be 921 equal (
muls smooth, sleek to); to be able, be in a position ( or
malia a (mala) to glide, slide, slip; to to do s.th.) ( gai) anger
slip away, escape; to disengage o.s., free overwhelmed him, got the better of him;
o.s., ( from an obligation), rid o.s. ( ( jama mairih) to
of) V to rid o.s. ( of), shirk, dominate s.o.s every thought and deed,
dodge, evade ( s.th.) be uppermost in s.o.s mind;
(issah) to take possession of s.o.s
mali smooth, sleek, slippery feelings; ( lubbah) to
mal smooth, seleek, slippery; preoccupy s.o.s heart;
miscarried fetus, stillborn child (nafsah) to lay hold of s.o.s soul,
dominate s.o.s thinking, affect s.o.
tamallu slipping away, escaping,
deeply, stir up, arouse, excite s.o.;
escape
( amrah) to have o.s. under
1
malaa u (mal) to plaster with mud or control, keep ones temper;
mortar ( a wall); to shave off ( hair) II ( ainaini, buk) to hold back the
to mortar, plaster ( a wall) tears; ( nafsah) to control o.s.,
mal (eg.) stark naked restrain o.s.; he could not refrain
(uryn) stark naked from ..., he couldnt help it, he had to ...;
( )( yamnuh) his fortune, his
mil pl. amlt, mul property, his possessions II and IV to
dishonorable, discreditable; scoundrel make ( s.o.) the owner; to put ( s.o.) in
kil mil or kal mal pell-mell, in possession ( of), transfer ( to s.o.)
confusion ownership ( of); to transfer, assign, make
mil pl. mulu mortar over, convey ( to s.o. s.th.); to make (
s.o.) king or sovereign ( over) V to
mal and amla pl. mul take in possession, take over, appropriate,
hairless acquire ( s.th.), take possession ( of
2
mala Malta s.th., of s.o.), seize, lay hands ( on
s.th.), lay hold ( of s.th.); to possess,
mal Maltese (adj. and n.)
own, have ( s.th.), be in possession (
maliqa a (malaq) to flatter ( s.o.) U = I; to of); to become king or sovereign (
even, level, plane ( s.th.) III = I IV to over); to become prevalent, become fixed,
become poor, impoverished, be reduced to take root (habit) VI to gain control ( over
poverty V to flatter ( or s.o.) a feeling, nafsah over o.s.); to
maliq and mallq flatterer, control o.s., restrain o.s., hold back; to
adulator refrain, keep ( from s.th.)
he couldnt help (doing s.th.), he couldnt
malaqa pl. -t, amlaq (eg.) refrain from ... VIII to possess, own, have
Egyptian mile, league, the distance of ( s.th.); to gain, win ( s.th.); to acquire (
approximately one hours walk s.th.) ( nawiya -
mimlaqa planer, leveler; roller ai) to b. master of s.th., rule over s.th. X
to appropriate ( s.th.), take possession (
tamlq and tamalluq flattery, of); to dominate, control ( s.th.); to
adulation
possess, own, have ( s.th.); to master ( malakt divine, heavenly
s.th.) malk, milk foundation, basis,
mulk rule, reign, supreme authority, fundament, essential prerequisite
dominion, domination, dominance, sway, milk (tun.) betrothal, engagement;
power; sovereignty, kingship, royalty; engagement present (of the fianc to the
monarchy; tenure, holding, right of prospective bride)
possession, possessory right, ownership
muluk royal, kingly, regal;
mill: pl. amlk property, monarchic; monarchist
possessions, goods and chattels, fortune,
wealth; estate; landed property, real estate; mallkya monarchic rule,
pl. possessions (= colonies); lands, landed monarchism, kingship, royalty;
property, estates ( amrya) or monarchist leaning
government lands; mallk pl. -n owner, proprietor;
landed property, real property, real estate, landowner, landholder, landed proprietor
realty, immovables; personal kibr al-m. large landowners
estate, personal property, personality,
movables; ( mabnya) developed mallk private
lots, real estate developments; malk pl. mulak king;
landowner; possessor, owner, proprietor
(amr) government property;
(mulaq) general property, fee simple malka queen
(absolute) (Isl. Law); joint mamlaka pl. mamlik2
property, joint tenancy, co-ownership kingdom, empire, state, country; royal
malik pl. mulk, amlk power, sovereignty
king, sovereign, monarch tamlk transfer of ownership,
malika pl. -t queen m. conveyance of property, alienation
al-jaml beauty queen tamalluk taking possession,
malak (for )angel occupancy, seizure; possession; right or
guardian angel possession, possessory right, tenure,
holding; domination, control, mastery
mulk posessory, possessive,
proprietary; civilian, civil (as opposed to tamluk self-control
military) ( badla) civilian imtilk taking possession,
clothes; ( muwaaf) civil occupancy, seizure; possession; right or
servant possession, possessory right, tenure,
malak royal, kingly, regal; holding; domination, control, mastery
monarchic, sovereign; monarchist; angelic imt. an-nafs self-control

malakya monarchy, kingship, imtilk pl. -t acquisition;

royalty appropriation, taking possession,
occupancy, seizure
milkya pl. -t property; ownership
(jur.) ( kubr) large landed mlik pl. mullk, mullak
property; naz al-m. reigning, ruling; owning, possessing,
expropriation, dispossession 922 holding; owner, proprietor, master,
possessor, holder heron
malaka pl. -t trait of character, (zool.)
natural disposition, aptitude, bent; gift,
faculty, talent, knack mlik Malikite, belonging to the
Malikite school of theology; a Maliki
malakt realm, kingdom, empire;
kingship, royalty, sovereignty al-mlikya the Malikite school
m. as-samwt the Kingdom of of theology
Heaven (Chr.)
 mamlk owned ( by), in
possession ( of), belonging ( to); (pl.
mamlk2) white slave, mameluke;
Mameluke incapable of
individual possession, (res) extra
commercium (Isl. Law)
mumallik assignor, transferor,
conveyer, alienator
mumtalak owned, in possession;
pl. mumtalakt property; estates,
landed property; possessions,
dependencies, colonies
(amrya) government property; mimman = min man
( mustaqilla) the Dominions 2
malmala to hurry, hasten; to make
restless, make fidgety ( s.o.) II tamalmala
to murmur; to mumble, mumble into ones
beard; to grumble, be disgruntled, be
angry; to be restlessness, fidgety, nervous;
to twitch nervously; to be or become
wavering, uncertain
malmala and tamalmul
unrest, restlessness, fidgetiness,
nervousness
malakliy melancholia
1
) )mal u (malw) to walk briskly, run II
to make ( s.o.) enjoy ( s.th.) for a long
time (said of God) IV to dictate ( to
s.o. .s.th.) V to enjoy ( s.th.) X to
take from dictation ( s.th.) 923
mal pl. aml open country,
open tract of land; steppe, desert
al-malawn day and night
malwa malouah, a dry measure
(Eg. = 2 . = l)
maly (relatively long) period of
time; malyan for quite a while, for a
long time
iml dictation; O transmission (of
a telephone message)
2
milya pl. -t (< mula) wrap
worn by Egyptian women; sheet, bed
sheet
malya pl. maly (tun.)
garment of sedouin women
( Fr.) milyr pl. -t (U.S.) billion, (G.s.)
milliard
milligrm pl. -t milligram
( Fr. millime) mallm, malm pl. -t,
mallm2 the smallest monetary unit in
Egypt (= 1/1000 pound); see also under
millmitr pl. -t millimeter
malyn pl. -t, malyn2 million
millionaires
mm. abbreviation of millimeter
mimm, shortened form mimma = min
m
man 1. (interr. pron.) who? which one?
which ones? 2. (relative pron.) who; the
one who; those who; one who; whoever,
whosoever, everyone who, he who
2
min (prep.) 1. of; some, some of, (a)
part of; belonging to, pertaining to, from
among to belong or pertain to, be
among , fall under ...; ( anna)
among other things ...; ( man) some
of them; some of them --
others ..., there are (were) those who --
and others who ...; ( rajul) a
man of the Koreish tribe;
(yaum, ayym) some day, some day or
other; ( amr) s.th. or other,
some affair, some business;
(am) he ate (a little, some) of the food;
m raaituh min saling-
kutub (what I have seen of the books =)
the books I have seen; ( what
I have seen of books =) what(ever) books
I have seen; God has no
partner whatsoever; ( aadin
yaqdiru) nobody can ...;
(akin) there ia absolutely none who ...
consisting of, made of, of (material)
( taub) a garment of silk, a silk
dress
at, on (time) ( lail) at night;
( yaumih) on the very same day;
at that moment, at once, right away
at, on, by (place)
(hazzah, mankibih) he shook him by the
shoulder
like, as, such as, as for instance;
namely, to wit
( ift azalya, ilm, qudra, irda)
eternal attributes such as knowledge, for instance, be amazed, be delighted,
power, volition; he glad, etc.), e.g., , etc.
(aa) if what the newspapers say is true, by, through (with the passive to
namely that ... indicate the doer, agent, perpetrator)
in an exclamation: y as to compounds such as
lah min lailatin oh, the length of the see under the second
night! what a long night it is! word
m akaffah min imlin how light a
3
burden it is! ( waiah) woe manna u (mann) to he kind, kindly,
to this fool! benign, gracious, benevolent, obliging (
to or toward, s.o.); to show, grant, or
in relation to, with respect to, toward do s.o. ( )a favor, bestow blessings,
Germanys intentions as benefits, favors ( upon s.o.); to grant,
far as Turkey is concerned award, present, give ( to s.o. s.th.),
substituting for an accusative confer, bestow graciously ( upon s.o.
(originally, in a partitive sense): s.th.), bless ( s.o. with), inspire (
this kindled her curiosity 924 s.o. with; of God) IV to tire, fatigue,
2. from, away from, out of, from the weaken ( s.o.), sap the strength ( of
s.o.) V do. VIII to be kind, kindly, benign,
direction of ukruj min hun
gracious, benevolent, obliging ( to or
get out of here! he came from
toward s.o.), to show, grant, or do s.o. (
Baghdad; ( arafi) and
(qibal) on the part of, on the side of, from, )a favor, bestow blessings, benefits,
by; -- from -- (up) to; favors ( upon s.o.); to bestow or confer
most graciously ( upon s.o. s.th.),
(wa-ilaihi) to depend entirely on s.o., he
kindly grant, award, or give ( to s.o.
inseparable from s.o., appertain to s.o.;
s.th.)
what share they had in ..., to what
extent they were involved in ..., what part mann gracious bestowal; favor;
they played in benefit, blessing, boon; gift, present,
largess; honeydew; manna; (pl.
from, beginning , starting ..., since, for;
amnn) a weight of 2 ral
after ( ahr) for a month (past),
by the grace of God
since one month ago; ( mudda) for
some time (in the past); minna pl. minan grace; kindness,
( bada ayymin) a few days after kindliness, good will, friendliness,
these events amiability, graciousness, benevolence,
benignity; favor, act of kindness, benefit,
of, by, at, about (denoting the source of
blessing, boon, gift, present
ones fear, fright, alarm, apprehension,
etc.). e.g., etc. munna pl. munan strength, vigor,
stamina strong, vigorous,
against, from (with verb, denoting
sturdy
protection, defense, warning, freeing,
exemption), e.g., mannn kind, kindly, benign,
, etc. gracious; munificent, liberal, generous;
through, by, via, (with verb, of motion benefactor; ( one of the attributes of
to denote the way, route, or means) God) the Benefactor
he entered through the gate; mann fate, destiny; fate of death,
by radio death
than (with the comparative) grateful obligation, indebtedness,
aqw min an too strong as to ..., too strong obligedness, gratitude
for ... indebted, obligated, obliged,
due to, owing to, for, because of; at, grateful, thankful ( to s.o.); weak,
about (with verbs denoting emotions; as, languid
 mamnnya grateful obligation, manaqa to gird ( s.th. with) II to gird
indebtedness, obligedness, gratitude o.s., swathe o.s. ( with), wind around
ones body ( s.th.)
mumtann indebted. much obliged (
to s.o.) 925 manfla (syr.) slipper
mintl menthol manaa a (man) to stop, detain, keep from
entering or passing ( s.o.); to hinder,
manjanq f., pl. -t, majniq2
prevent ( s.th.; or s.o. from),
mangonel, ballista, catapult
keep, restrain, hold back ( s.o. or
mang mango from); to bar, block, obstruct ( s.o.s
manaa a (man) to grant, give, accord, way or access to); to withdraw, take away
award ( to s.o. s.th.), bestow, confer ( ( or or from s.o. s.th.), deprive (
upon s.o. s.th.) III to bestow favor ( or or s.o. of); to forbid, interdict
upon s.o.) ( or or to s.o. s.th.), prohibit (
or or s.o. from); to decline to
man granting, giving, donation, accept, declare impossible or out of the
bestowal, conferment, award(ing) question ( that); to refuse, deny ( or
mina pl. mina act of s.th. to s.o.), withhold ( or
kindness; privilege; gift, present, s.th. from s.o.); to stop, cease ( doing
donation, grant, favor, benefit, s.th., with regard to s.o.), abstain,
benefaction; compensation; remuneration, refrain ( from doing s.th., with regard
allowance, indemnity (jur.); scholarship, to s.o.); to ward off, avert, keep, keep
stipend m. al-iqma living away ( s.th. from s.o.); to protect,
allowance; ( jmiya) academic guard ( s.o. from), defend ( s.o.,
scholarship; m. as-sukn s.th., against); -- manua u ( man,
housing allowance, rent allowance mana) to be strongly fortified,
inaccessible, impregnable; to be
mni donor, giver, granter unconquerable, invincible, insurmountable
1
mandal see II to fortify, strengthen, make inaccessible
2 ( s.th.) III to put up resistance, act in
mandl, mindl pl. mandl2
opposition ( to s.o.), oppose, counteract (
kerchief; handkerchief; head kerchief
s.o.), work against s.o. ( ;)to stand up, rise
mundu and mud 1. (prep.) since, for; ago ( against s.o.); to resist, oppose ( s.th.),
( ahr) for a month (past), since offer resistance, object, raise objections (
one month ago; a month ago; to s.th.), revolt, rebel ( against s.th.);
(ayym) for the past few days; a few days to refuse, deny ( s.o. s.th.) V to refuse,
ago; ( aqd) of late, lately, decline ( to do s.th.); to desist, refrain,
recently; ( na) from now on, abstain, keep ( from s.th., from doing
henceforth; ( yaum) as of today, s.th.), forbear, leave off ( s.th.), stop,
from this day on cease ( doing s.th.), avoid ( s.th. or
2. (conj.) since, ever since, from the doing s.th.); to 926 be or become
time when ( iflan) inaccessible, unassailable, impregnable; to
since I was a small child strengthen, grow in strength; to seek
protection ( with or in) VIII to refrain,
bar al-man the Sea of Le Manche, abstain, keep ( from doing s.th.),
i.e., the English Channel forbear ( s.th.), stop, cease ( doing
manbya (from Copt. manpi) cell, s.th.); to be prevented ( from); to be
living quarters (Copt.-Chr.) impossible ( for s.o.); to refuse ( to
do s.th.), decline, turn down ( s.th.); to
manr Manchurian refuse to have anything to do ( with),
mann monsoon keep aloof ( from)
manara to threw down, toss down man hindering, impeding,
obstruction; prevention, obviation,
preclusion; prohibition, interdiction, ban, inscrutable, impenetrable, elusive;
injunction; closure, stop, discontinuation, difficult to imitate; impossible
embargo; withdrawal, deprival,
mangans manganese
dispossession; withholding, detention
mungliy Mongolia
manra resistance, power, force,
vigor, strength, stamina, insuperability, ( It. manovella) manafella crank
invincibility manalg see
man pl. muna ( and ( man u (manw) and man
unapproachable, inaccessible, impervious, i (many) to put to the test, try, tempt,
impenetrable, forbidding; well-fortified; afflict ( s.o. with; of God); pass.
mighty, strong, powerful; impregnable, muniya to be afflicted ( with), be sorely
unconquerable; insurmountable, tried ( by), suffer, sustain, undergo,
insuperable, invincible, immune experience ( s.th.), be affected, hit,
strong, unassailable; smitten, stricken ( by); to find by good
insurmountable barrier luck, be so fortunate as to find ( s.th.) II
mana inaccessibility; strength, to awaken the desire ( or in s.o. for),
impregnability; hardiness, sturdiness, make s.o. ( )wish ( or for); to make (
power of resistance; immunity (to a s.o.) hope ( or for), give ( s.o.) reason
disease, also dipl.); imperviousness, to hope ( or for), raise hopes ( or
impermeability, impenetrability, of) in s.o. ( ;)to promise ( s.o. that)
forbiddingness ( nafsah) to indulge in the
hope of ..., have every hope that ... IV to
amna2 harder to get at, more
shed ( blood); to emit, 927 ejaculate (
forbidding; offering greater resistance sperm) V to desire ( s.th.), wish ( for
mumnaa opposition; resistance, s.th.; s.o. s.th.) X to practice onanism,
revolt, rebellion; O inductive resistance masturbate
(el.) manan and manya pl.
tamannu rejection, refusal many fate, destiny, lot; fate of death;
death
imtin refraining, abstention (
from); refusal, denial; impossibility minan semen, sperm
mni hindering, forbidding, etc., minaw seminal, spermatic
see 1; preventive; prohibitive; - (pl. minan m. and min f. the valley of
mawni2) hindrance, obstacle, Mina near Mecca
obstruction; impediment; a preventive,
preservative, prophylactic; objection; (pl. munya, minya pl. munan wish,
-t) O cutout, anti-interference device desire; object of desire
(radio) ( ra) to have no umnya pl. amnin,
objections; mnia there is nothing amny wish, demand, claim, desire,
in the way, nothing prevents me (you, longing, aspiration
etc.) from ()
tamniya and imn emission,
mamn forbidden, prohibited, ejaculation of the sperm
banned, interdicted; indeclinable (gram.)
no smoking! no tamannin pl. -t wish; desire;
admittance! keep out! off limits! request
mamnya forbiddenness istimn self-pollution,
masturbation, onanism
mumtani refraining, abstaining,
forbearing; rejecting, refusing; prevented; manolj, monolg pl. -t monologue;
forbidden, interdicted, prohibited, banned; (cabaret) act ( fukhya)
inaccessible ( to s.o.); forbidding, skits, comic sketches, music-hall songs
 manmitr pl. -t manometer, pressure restra.ining order (jur.); ( arh)
gauge prefatory remarks
al-miny El Minya (city in central Egypt) mumahhad leveled, smoothed,
muhja pl. muhaj, muhajt smooth, even, level; well-ordered,
wellarranged, well-prepared; prepared,
lifeblood, heartblood; heart; innermost
cleared, open (way); paved (road)
self, intrinsic nature, core; soul; life
( uinat) hopes mumhad paved, improved (road)
received the deathblow 928
1
II to spread out evenly ( s.th.); to smooth, mahara u a (mahr, mahr,
smoothen ( s.th.); to pave ( a road); to mahra, muhr) to be skillful, adroit,
flatten, plane, make even or level ( s.th.): dexterous, skilled, adept, proficient,
to arrange, settle, straighten, put in order ( expert, experienced, seasoned; -- u a
s.th.); to free from obstacles, clear, pave (mahr) to give a dower ( to the bride) III
( s.th.; esp., the way, for or to); to to vie in skill ( with s.o.) IV to give a
make easy, facilitate, ease, make easily dower ( to the bride)
accessible ( to s.o. s.th.): to get ready, mahr pl. muhr dower, bridal
prepare ( s.th.), make ( a bed, etc.); to money; price, stake; ransom
pass ( al-kurata the ball, to s.o.);
(verb alone, without qualifying direct muhr, pl. amhr, mihra
object) to pave, open, clear, or prepare the foal, colt
way ( for s.th. by or with), open, muhra pl. muhar,
prepare, begin, start, initiate, bring about, muhart filly
set in motion ( s.th. by or with) V to be
paved, be clear or cleared, be or become mahra skillfulness, adroitness,
open (way); to be or get settled or dexterity, skill, expertness, proficiency,
arranged; to go smoothly, go well, come adeptness
off well; to be in order, be put in order, get mhir pl. mahara skillful,
straightened out adroit, dexterous, skilled, proficient,
mahd pl. muhd bed; cradle adept, expert, practiced, experienced,
( lad) from cradle to seasoned
grave; to nip s.th. in the bud; 2
muhr seal, signet; stamp
to be still in its beginnings or
infancy, not have progressed beyond the muhrdr keeper of the seal
early stages mahrajn, mihrajn pl. -t festival,
mihd place of rest, resting place; festivity, celebration
bed; bosom, pale, fold (fig., in which s.th. Festival of Britain
rests) mahaka a (mahk) to grind, crush, bruise,
tamhd smoothing, leveling, pound
paving; facilitation, easing; preparation; makha, muhka freshness of youth,
foreword, preface, proem; introduction; bloom of youth
preliminaries in order to facilitate
mahala a (mahl, muhla) to tarry,
...; in preparation of ..., as a preliminary
dawdle, be slow, take ones time ( in
step toward ..., for the purpose of ...
s.th.) II and IV to give ( s.o.) time, grant (
tamhd introductory, prefatory, s.o.) a respite or delay V to be slow,
preliminary, preparatory proceed slowly and deliberately ( in
(ijrt) preliminaries; preliminary s.th.) ( kuhu) to slacken
proceedings (jur.); ( ukm) ones pace; he said slowly ... VI =
interlocutory decree, interlocutory V; X to ask ( s.o.) for a respite; to ask (
judgment (jur.); ( qarr) s.o.) to wait
provisional in, junction, temporary
 mahl, mahal slowness,
leisureliness, ease; leisure; mahlan
slowly, leisurely, in no hurry
slowly, leisurely, in no hurry;
mahlaka easy does it! take it easy!
take it easy! take your time!
muhla respite, delay; time limit for
a decision, time to think s.th. over
muhaila large boat (ir.)
imhl grant of respite, concession
of a delay
imhl tending to delay, dilatory
tamahhul slowness deliberateness
slowly; gradually
mutamahhil slow, deliberate,
leisurely, unburned, easy
mutamhil leisurely,
comfortable, easy, unhurried, slow
mahm (conj.) whatever,
whatsoever; no matter how much,
however much, much as ...; whenever
( yakun, amr) whatever the
case may be, be it as it may
mahana u a (mahn, mahna) to
serve ( s.o.); to humble, degrade, treat in
a humiliating manner ( s.o.); to hackney,
wear out in common service, wear out by
use ( s.th.); -- mahuna u ( mahna)
to be despicable, base, low, mean, menial
III to practice ( a profession) VIII to
humble, degrade, treat in a humiliating
manner ( s.o.); to revile ( s.o.); to despise
( s.o.); to employ for menial services (
s.o.); to hackney, wear out in common
service, wear out by use ( s.th.); to
practice professionally, as a trade ( s.th.)
mihna pl. mihan work, job,
occupation, calling, vocation, profession,
trade, business
mihn professional, vocational;
gainfully employed ( ird) decease, death
vocational guidance 929
2
mahn pl. muhan despised,
despicable, contemptible, vile
imtihn degradation, humiliation,
contempt, disdain; abuse, misuse,
improper treatment
mhin pl. muhhn menial
servant
mahh pl. mahawt, mahayt
wild cow
1
) )ma u ( muw) to mew, miaow
muw mewing, miaow (of a cat)
2
and see
mblyt (pl.) furniture
) )mta u (maut) to die; to perish; to
lose life, become dead; to abate, subside,
die down, let up (wind, heat) II and IV to
make ( s.o.) die, let ( s.o.) perish; to kill,
put to death ( s.o.); to be the death of s.o.
(), cause the death of s.o. ( )IV to mortify
( o.s., ones flesh); to suppress, deaden
( s.th.) VI to feign death, pretend to be
dead; to feign weakness; to be sluggish,
listless, slack ( in s.th.) X to seek death;
to defy death, sacrifice o.s., risk ones life;
to strive desperately ( for), make
desperate efforts <..i in order to); to tight
desperately
maut and mauta death;
decease, demise ( abya)
natural death
mawt that which is lifeless an
inanimate thing; barren, uncultivated land,
wasteland
mautni, mtn dying, death;
epidemic, plague
mayit, mait pl. amwt,
maut lifeless inanimate, dead, deceased
maita corpse, carcass, carrion; meat
of an animal not slaughtered in
accordance with ritual requirements (Isl.
Law)
mta manner of death
death of a hero, death in battle
mamt place where s.o. died;
imta killing; mortification (of the
flesh)
istimta death defiance;
desperate effort, desperate struggle (
for)
mit dying, moribund, mortal
 mumt lethal, fatal, mortal, deadly mij surging, swelling, rolling,
( kia) mortal sin tumultuous, stormy, high (sea)
mumt antiquated, obsolete mumawwaj undulated, undulate,
waved, wavy, wavelike, undulatory
mustamt death-defying,
reckless, heroin; martyr; suffering a mutamawwij surging, rolling,
martyrs death undulating, undulant, wavelike,
undulatory; wavy (hair)
( Fr. motocycle) mtskil pl. -t
(umm) undulant fever, Malta fever,
motorcycle
brucellosis (med.)
) )mja u (mauj, mawajn) to
mutamwij undulate, waved,
heave, swell, roll, surge (sea); to be
wavy, rippled; curled
excited, agitated ( by) II to ripple ( the
surface of water, etc.); to wave ( the mda pl. -t fashion, style; fashionable;
hair) V = I; to rise in waves; to ripple, be pl. hat fashions, millinery of
rippled (as, the surface of water); to the latest fashion, fashionable, modish,
undulate, move in undulations; to sway, stylish
roll VI to be waved, be undulate; to form mdel or mdl pl. -t model,
an undulating line ( around); to flow, pattern
flood, swell, surge
1
) )mra u (maur) to move to and fro,
mauj pl. amwj billows,
move from side to side V do.
surges, seas, breakers; waves; ripples; --
(n. un. mauja pl. -t) billow, surge, mawwr O pendulum
sea, breaker; wave; ripple; oscillation, tamawwur swaying, swinging
vibration, undulation long motion; to and fro, back and forth
wave (radio); short wave (radio); 2
( mutawassi) medium wave look up alphabetically and under marra
(radio); ( auya) sound waves; 3
al-mra Morea, Poloponnesus
( mustamirra) continuous
waves; ( mumailla) 930 mrtizm (eg.) rheumatism
damped waves; ( munakisa) mrn (syr.) = look up
reflected waves, indirect waves; alphabetically
(muwajjaha) directional beams (radio); O
murfn morphine
( rra) heat wave, hot spell;
m. a-abb bloom of youth, mrna pl. -t wooden beam, rafter
freshness of youth; saat al-m. mauz (call.; n. un. )banana
amplitude; l al-m. wave 1
length (radio); a wave of ms diamond (cf. alphabetically)
disapproval ms diamond (used attributively)
mawwj undulating, undulant; 2
ms f., pl. mawsin, amws
surging, rolling; waved, undulated, straight razor
undulate; O (pl. -t) transmitter (radio) 3
ms Moses samak m.
tamwj waving (of the hair) plaice, flounder (zool.)
cold wave, permanent
wave msaw Mosaic(al)

tamawwuj pl. -t oscillation, ( It. mostarda) musarda mustard

vibration; undulation, undulant motion; mosk, mosk Moscow
swaying, rolling ( autya)
msqr musician
sound waves; O t. al-haw
atmospheric vibrations msqa (f.) music
 msq musician; musical mutamawwil rich, wealthy, well-
musical instrument to-do; financier, capitalist
2
m (n. un. )leguminous plant with black mawwl pl. mawwl2 a poem in
edible grains, Indian pea (Phaseolus max. colloquial language, often sung to the
L.; bot.) accompaniment of a reed pipe
al-mail Mosul (city in N Iraq) mawliy do.
) )= ma fashion, style mm wax
see mmiy, mmiya pl. -t mummy
1
II to make rich, enrich ( s.o.); to finance ( ) )mna u (maun, muna) and II to
s.th.) V to be financed; to become rich, provision. supply with provisions ( s.o.);
wealthy X to become rich, wealthy to provide, furnish, supply ( or s.o.
mal pl. amwl property, or s.th. with) V to store up provisions, lay
in provisions, provision o.s.
possessions, chattels, goods; wealth,
affluence; fortune, estate; money; 931 mna provisions; (eg.) mortar
income, revenue; assets, capital, stock,
tamwn food supply, provisioning;
fund; (eg.) tax, esp., land tax; (Isl. Law) supply; replenishment
marketable title; pl. property, assets,
chattels, goods; pecuniary resources, pl.
funds; taxes wealthy, rich; mnk Munich
( ity) reserve fund;
(eg.) land tax; m. al-arm ill- ) )mha u (mauh) to mix ( s.th.
gotten gain; ( eg.) taxes; with); -- u a (mauh, muh,
( muqarrara) direct taxes; mha) to abound in water II to abound in
(naql) or movable property, water; to pour water ( into), admix water
movables (Isl. Law); landed ( to); to thin, dilute, water down,
property, real property, immovables; adulterate ( s.th.); to falsify (
( mutaqawwim) thing without s.th.), misrepresent ( s.th.); to feign,
commercial value (Isl. Law); affect ( s.th. toward s.o.); to
treasurer; bait al-m. (public) camouflage ( s.th.; Syr., mil.); to coat,
treasury; etc., see overlay, plate ( a base metal with gold
or silver) IV to add water ( to)
ml monetary, pecuniary,
financial; finance (in compounds); fiscal; m pl. miyh, amwh
financier, capitalist ( bait) water; liquid, fluid; juice
finance house, banking house; fluently, smoothly, like clockwork;
(taakkum) inflation; ( sana) fiscal ( abya) cataract (eye disease);
year; ( garma) or a m. az-zahr orange-blossom water;
fine m. a-abb freshness of youth,
prime of youth; ( adb) fresh water,
mlya monetary affairs, finance, potable water; pl.
public revenue; finances, financial carbonated water, mineral water;
situation finance ministry, Eau de Cologne; m. al-
treasury department wajh honor, decency, modesty, self-
mawwl pl. -n (ir.) financier, respect; arqa ma wajhih
capitalist to sacrifice ones honor, abase o.s.; to
dishonor, disgrace s.o.; do.;
tamwl financing; (eg.) tax-paying m. al-ward rose water;
mumawwil pl. -n (eg.) taxpayer (iqlmya) territorial waters; m.
al-amr rain water; ( jaufya)
mumawwal propertied, wealthy,
ground water; ( silya) coastal
rich
waters; ban m. as-sam the
Arabs 932
 mh and mw watery, honor; fieldpieces, field guns,
aqueous, aquatic infantry howitzers
m aquatic, water; liquid, fluid; mid pl. maid dizzy, seasick
hydraulic
mida pl. -t, mawid2 table
look up alphabetically operating table; m.
az-zna dressing table; m. as-
mwya and mya juice, sap
sufra dining table
tamwh coating, plating; clothing,
madliyn medallion
attire, garb; overfilling; feigning,
1
pretending, affectation; camouflage (syr., ) )mra i (mair) and IV to provide (
mil.); distortion (of facts), iylah for ones family)
misrepresentation, falsification mra pl. miyar provisions,
kas at-t. overfull cup supplies, stores
tamwh feigned, sham, mock, mayyr caterer, purveyor, supplier
make-believe mock attack,
2
feint mr (= )public, governmental,
government-, satate- (in compounds);
see fiscal; the government, the fiso, the
and see exchequer government taxes;
) )ma i (mai, maia) to government land
strut, walk with affected dignity; to mrly (formerly, Eg.) colonel
waddle V and VI to reel, totter, stagger; to
mrliw (Ir.) brigadier general
swing X to ask ( s.o. a favor), request (
3
s.th.) ( udran) to ( Fr. maire) mr pl. amyr (magr.)
apologize for s.th. mayor
) )mda i (maid, mayadn) to be mairn chrism (Chr.)
moved, shaken, upset, shocked; to sway; ) )mza i (maiz) to separate, keep apart (
to swing; to feel giddy, be dizzy; to two things); to distinguish, honor,
shake s.th. violently VI to sway back and favor ( s.o.) II to confer distinction (
forth, swing from side to side upon s.o.), distinguish, commend, honor,
mda pl. miyad (eg.) lintel, favor ( s.o., above s.o. else, also ;)
breastsummer (arch.) to distinguish, set aside, cause to stand out
( s.o., s.th., from); to 933 prefer (
md measure, amount, length, or s.o. or s.th. to); to separate,
distance; mda (prep.) in front of, segregate, set apart, single out, select,
opposite, facing choose, pick ( s.o., s.th.); to grant a
maidn, mdn pl. maydn2 special right or privilege ( to s.o.),
square, open place, open tract; field; privilege ( s.o.); to distinguish,
arena; battleground, battlefield; combat differentiate, discriminate ( s.o.,
area, fighting zone; race course, race s.th. from, also between two things,
track; playground (fig.); field, domain, one thing from another) IV to distinguish,
line, sphere of activity drill mark ( s.th.); to prefer ( s.th.) V to be
ground; military training center; set apart, be separated
m. al-arb theater of war;
or separate, be distinct, be
race course, race track; m.
distinguished, be differentiated; to
al-amal field of activity, scope of action;
distinguish o.s., be distinguished, be
battlefield; to marked, stand out; to be marked out with
be put out of servi-ce or commission; distinction, be honored, be favored; to be
to turn up, appear on the scene;
preferred ( gaian) to burst with
m. i-araf on the field of anger VI to distinguish o.s. ( in); to
differ VIII to distinguish o.s. ( by, in
s.th., or above s.o. or s.th., as
compared with s.o. or s.th.); to be
distinguished, be marked ( by); to be
characterized, be signalized ( by); to
excel, surpass, outdo, outshine ( or
s.o. or s.th.); to have the advantage, take
preference ( over), be preferred (
to); to differ ( or from s.o., or
in, in that ...)
maiz distinction; favoring,
preferment
mza peculiarity, distinguishing
feature, distinctive mark, essential
property, characteristic; prerogative,
priority right
amyaz 2 preferable ( to)
tamyz distinction; preference;
preferment, favoring, favoritism,
preferential treatment; privileging;
partiality; separation, segregation, sifting,
singling out; specification (gram.);
differentiation; discrimination, judgment,
discretion, common sense; realization,
discernment, conscious perception;
deliberate intention sinn at-t.
age of discretion (jur.);
makamat at-t. court of cassation (Syr.);
unwittingly, unintentionally,
with no definite purpose in mind;
( akrajah) to deprive s.o. of his
clear judgment, rob s.o. of his senses
imtiyz pl. -t distinction, (mark
of) honor; advantage, benefit, merit;
difference, distinction, differentiation,
discrimination; special right, privilege;
concession, patent, permit, license,
franchise; (oil) concession; prerogative,
priority right ( ajnabiya) ) )ma i (mai to flow; to spread; to
the capitulations (of Western powers in
the Orient) ; diplomatic dilute, liquefy ( s.th.) IV to melt, liquefy
privileges; holder of the
concession, concessionaire, responsible
publisher of a newspaper
mumayyiz distinguishing,
distinctive; characteristic, peculiar,
proper; discriminating, discerning,
reasonable, rational (Isl. Law)
mumayyiza pl. -t distinguishing
feature, distinctive mark, characteristic
trait, peculiarity; distinction, (mark of)
honor; advantage, merit
mumayyaz distinguished,
preferred, favored, privileged; distinct,
separate, special
mutamayyiz distinguished,
distingue; marked, notable, prominent,
outstanding, characterized by distinctive
traits, characteristic
mumtz distinguished,
differentiated; exquisite, select, choice,
rare; outstanding, superior, first-rate, first-
class, top-notch, exceptional, excellent;
privileged; special, extra; (as an
examination grade) passed with
distinction, excellent
(daraja) special class; ( duyn)
privileged debts, preferred debts;
(adad) special issue (of a periodical) 934
( It. mezzanino) mznn mezzanine
) )msa i (mais, mayasn) to
move to and fro, swing from side to side;
to walk with a proud, swinging gait V to
walk with a proud, swinging gait
mais proud gait; proud bearing
ms pl. amys (eg.) target
mayys walking with a lofty,
proud gait, strutting
2
( Engl. mess), m. a-ubb
officers mess
) )ma i (mai, mayan) to
remove, pull away, draw back ( s.th.) IV
do. to disolose, uncover,
reveal s.th., bring s.th. to light
melt, dissolve (fat) II to soften, attenuate,
( s.th.) V and VII to be melted, melt,
dissolve
mai flowing, flow; liquidity,
fluidity
maia storax, a kind of incense
obtained from the storax tree, resin of the
storax tree (Styrax offioinalis); prime,
bloom (of youth); indulgence,
compliance; unstableness, unsteadiness
 muya liquid state; unstableness,
unsteadiness
ima melting, liquefaction
tamayyu liquescence, liquefaction
mi melting, liquid, fluid;
liquescent, semiliquid; vague
(expression); undecided, pending. in flux
(situation)
( Engl.) mica
mikn mechanical, mechanize
mknkhlnlhl meohanios
mknk mechanical, automatic,
mechanized, mechanic; motorized; a
mechanic
mikrb pl. -t microbe
mikrfn pl. -t microphone
1
) )mla i (mail, mayaln) to bend,
bend down ( to; over); to bow
down, lean over, turn ( to s.o.); to
incline, slope, slant, tilt, tip, be inclined,
slanting, oblique; to incline, tend. be
favorably disposed ( to), have a
predilection, a liking, an inclination, a
propensity ( for), feel sympathy (
for). sympathize ( with), favor ( s.o.);
to take side, to side ( with), be partial,
biased, prejudiced; to lean ( against); to
revolt, rebel ( against), be hostile (
to s.o.); to be disinclined, be averse ( to
s.th.); to have an antipathy, a distaste, a
dislike ( for); to deviate, digress, turn
away, depart ( from); to drag
or take s.o. or s.th. along to ...; -- (
muyl) to prepare to set (sun); to decline,
draw to its end (day, night); -- mayila
a (mayal) to be bent, bowed, tilted,
averted, turned aside II and IV to incline,
tip, tilt, bend, bow ( s.th.); to make (
s.o.) inclined, sympathetic or favorably
disposed ( or to s.o., to s.th.),
incline, dispose ( s.o.s mind or
to), fill ( s.o.) with sympathy ( for); to
make ( s.o.) disinclined or averse ( to),
turn s.o.s mind ( )away from (),
alienate ( s.o. from) V and VI to reel,
totter, stagger; to waver (tone); to sway,
swing X to cause to incline, incline, tip,
tilt ( s.th., to or toward); to win ( s.o.,
also the hearts), attract, win over,
bring to ones side ( s.o.), gain favor (
with s.o.), win s.o.s ( )affection
mail pl. muyl, amyl
inclination, tilt; bend, turn, deflection;
obliqueness, obliquity, slant; slope,
incline, declivity; deviation, divergence,
declination (astron.); affection ( for),
935 attachment ( to); predilection,
liking, sympathy ( for); propensity,
disposition, bent, leaning, inclination,
taste, desire, wish, longing; tendency,
trend, drift ( to, toward)
mayyl inclined, favorably
disposed ( to), leaning ( toward); in
favor ( of), biased ( toward or for)
amyal2 more inclined, strongly
inclined ( to), more in favor ( of)
imla pronunciation of a shaded
toward e (gram.)
tamyul reel(ing), swaying,
tottering, stagger(ing), waver(ing);
vibration
mil inclining ( to or toward);
bending down, bowing down, leaning
over; bent, tilted; sloping, declivitous
(terrain); inclined, slanting, oblique
( sa) inclined plane (math.)
2
ml pl. amyl mile (= 4000 ;)
milestone ( bar) nautical
mile, knot
3
milli-, 1/1000 (in measures)
) )mna i (main) to lie, tell a lie
main pl. muyn lie, falsehood,
untruth
mayyn and min liar
1
mn and mn glaze, glazing;
enamel (of the teeth; as a coating of metal,
glass, or pottery); (pl. mawni) dial
(of a watch or clock) ( maly)
enamel-coated, enameled
2
mn f. and mna pl. mawnin,
miyan port, harbor, anchorage
( jawwya) airport

nbulus2 Nablus (town in W Jordan)
nbul or nbl Napoli, Naples
(seaport in S Italy)
nrajl coconut(s) (coll.)
nrajla (n. un.) coconut; Persian
water pipe, narghile
nradn nard, spikenard
naranj bitter orange
nz Nazi
nzya Nazism
ns men, people, folks (cf. )
nst human nature, humanity
1
naama i a to sound, resound, ring out; to
groan, moan
nama noise, sound, tone
2 unbb tubular, tube-shaped,
naum see
nms pl. nawms2 law; rule;
honor; see also
1
na a (nay) to be far, far away, distant,
remote ( from), keep away, stay away,
keep at a distance, remain aloof, go away,
move away, depart, absent o.s. ( from),
leave ( s.th., s.o.) III to keep far away,
keep at a distance ( or s.o. or s.th.
from), keep a wide distance ( between
s.o. or s.th., and) IV to remove, move
away, take away, place at a distance (
s.o. from) VI to move away, move apart,
draw sway from one another; to be away
from one another, be at a distance, be
separated, be apart; to keep away, stand
aloof, be away, be at a distance ( from)
VIII to 936 be away, be at a distance (
from); to go away, move away, draw
away, depart, absent o.s. ( from), leave
( s.th., s.o.)
nay remoteness
nay and nu pl. an, naba pl. anb news, tidings
an ditch
an farther away, remoter, more
distant
manan distant place
to keep away from, remain aloof from,
keep out of, not get involved in, refuse to
have anything to do with
tanin great distance, remoteness
nin far, far away, distant, remote;
outlying, out-of-the-way, secluded
2
ny pl. -t nay, a flute without mouth-
piece, made of bamboo, rarely of wood, in
different sizes, which, when blown, is
held in a slanting forward position (unlike
a German flute)
unbb and unbba pl.
anbb2 int (of a knotted stem), part
between two nodes; tube, pipe, conduit,
conduit pipe, main duct; tube (e.g., of
toothpaste); light bulb u. ar-
ria windpipe, trachea (anat.);
torpedo tube; ( mufarrag)
vacuum tube (radio); ka al-a.
pipeline
fistulous; pipe- (in compounds)
nabaa a ( nab, nub) to be high,
raised, elevated, protruding, projecting,
prominent; to overcome, overpower,
overwhelm ( s.o.); to turn away,
withdraw, shrink ( from); to be
repelled, repulsed, sickened, disgusted,
shocked ( by) II to inform, notify, tell,
advise ( or s.o. of s.th.), let ( s.o.)
know ( or about), make known,
announce, impart, communicate ( or
to s.o. s.th.); to be evidence ( of), show,
indicate, manifest, bespeak, reveal,
disclose ( s.th.) IV to inform, notify,
tell, advise ( s.o. of), let ( s.o.) know (
about), make known, announce, impart,
communicate ( to s.o. s.th.) V to
predict, foretell, forecast, prognosticate,
presage, prophesy ( s.th.); to claim to be
a prophet, pose as a prophet X to ask for
news, for information ( s.o.); to inquire (
after), ask ( about)
information, intelligence; announcement,
report, news item, dispatch
waklat al-a. or maktab al-a.
news agency, wire service
naba faint noise, low sound
nuba pl. -t prophecy
 inb pl. -t notification, simultaneously, answer each others barks
information, communication (dogs, e.g., at night)
tanabbu pl. -t prediction, forecast, nab, nub, nib and
prognostication, prophecy nab barking, bark, baying, yelp(ing)
nabata u (nabt) to grow (esp., of plants, nabb barker, yelper
also, e.g., of teeth); to sprout, germinate; nabada i (nabd) to hurl, fling, throw, or
to produce plants, bring forth vegetation toss, away (. s.th.); to reject, discard,
(soil) II to plant, sow, seed ( s.th.) IV to spurn ( s.th.); to cut out, cast off,
germinate, cause to sprout ( a seed); to ostracize, expel, banish, disown,
make ( s.th.) grow; to grow, plant, repudiate, remove, eliminate, dismiss,
cultivate ( s.th ) X to plant, cultivate, abandon, forsake, give up, renounce (
grow, raise ( plants); to breed ( plants), s.o., s.th.); to withdraw, turn away (
culture ( e.g., bacteria) from), relinquish, forswear ( s.th.); to
nabt germination, sprouting; break, violate, infringe ( a contract, a
growth; vegetable growth, vegetation, treaty), default ( against s.o.)
plants; herbage, herbs, grass; sprout, plant ( nabda n-nawh) to reject or dismiss
qwat an-n. germinability, s.th. or s.o. with disdain, spurn or scorn
germinative faculty s.th. or s.o. II = I; to press ( grapes) III to
separate, secede, withdraw ( from s.o.),
nabta plant, sprout, shoot, seedling
oppose, resist ( s.o.) ( arba)
nabt (coll.) plants, vegetation; -- to declare war on s.o. IV to press (
(pl. -t) plant, vegetable organism; herb grapes) VI to be feuding nil to withdraw,
( iqtid) economic 937 plant; retire, retreat ( niyatan) to
n. az-zna ornamental plant; step aside, withdraw to one side; to retreat
( ibb) medicinal plant; into a comer
herbivorous animal; sukar an-n.
nabd throwing away, discarding;
rock candy; ilm an-n. botany
rejection, repudiation, disavowal;
nabt vegetable, vegetal, plant- renunciation, resignation; surrender,
(in compounds); botanical; botanist; relinquishment, abandonment; (pl.
vegetarian (adj. and n.) anbd) small amount, a little, a trifle,
nabbt pl. nabbt2 (eg.) bagatelle insubordination
quarterstaff, cudgel, bludgeon, club, nubda pl. nubad small piece,
truncheon, night stick part, portion, fragment, fraction, section;
manbat, manbit pl. manbit2 (newspaper) article, story; tract, pamphlet,
plantation, plant nursery, arboretum; leaflet; small ad(vertisement)
hotbed, birthplace, fountainhead, nabd cast-off, discarded, rejected,
headspring, origin, source disowned, repudiated, dismissed; (pl.
tanbt planting, cultivation, seed- anbida) wine r an-n. spirits
bed planting of wine, alcohol
istinbt planting, cultivation, nbid: O ( qwa)
growing centrifugal force
nbita generation manbd caot-off, discarded; cast-
out, ostracized, banished, expelled,
mustanbat cultivated, grown, disowned, repudiated; abandoned;
raised, bred; plantation, nursery, culture foundling, waif; neglected, disregarded;
O bacterial culture the untouchables (in India), the
nabaa a (nab, nub, nib, pariahs
nab to bark ( at s.o.), bay ( s.o.) nabara i (nabr) to raise, elevate; to go up
VI to bark at each other; to bark with the voice, sing in a high, pitched
 voice; to stress, emphasize, accentuate; to nab, naba pl. anb
shout, yell, scream ( at s.o.); to cry out throbbing, throb, pulsation, palpitation;
VIII to swell, become swollen pulse
nabr accentuation, accent, stress, naba, nabaa pulsation, pulse
emphasis beat
nibr and anbr pl. anbir2, nbi pulsating, pulsative,
anbr barn, shed, granary, beating, throbbing, palpitating; spring,
storeroom, storehouse, warehouse 938 main-spring, coil spring, spiral spring
( bi-l-ayh) vibrant with life
nabra pl. nabart swelling,
intumescence, protuberance; stress, manbi spot where the pulse or
accent, accentuation; tone (of the voice); heartbeat is felt
pl. inflection of the voice, intonation, nabaa u i (nab, nub) to well out,
cadence gush out, spout, issue, stream forth (water)
minbar pl. manbr2 mimbar; II (eg.) to find fault ( with s.o.), carp,
pulpit; rostrum, platform, dais scoff, gibe, sneer ( at s.o.) IV to cause (
s.th.) to gush out or well forth, bring (
minbr pl. manbr gut,
s.th.) to the surface; to find, discover (
intestine ( may) sausage
water, oil, etc.), come upon (), open up,
nibrs pl. nabrs2 lamp, light, tap (.a a source, a well, etc.) X to find,
lantern ( ittakada) to take discover (I water, oil, etc.), come upon (
s.o. for an example, model o.s. after s.o. ), open up, tap ( a source, a well, etc.);
nabaza i (nabz) to give a derisive or to invent, discover, think up, devise,
insulting name ( to s.o.) II do. design, contrive, find out ( s.th.); to
derive, extract, draw, take ( s.th.
nabaz pl. anbz nickname, from)
sobriquet
naba depth, deep, profundity; the
nabasa i (nabs, nubsa), to utter, say, innermost, inmost part, core, heart
speak II do. ( bikalima) he did
not say a word an-naba pl. al-anb the
Nabateans
nabaa u (nab) to excavate, dig
up, dig out of the ground, unearth, naba Nabatean (adj. and n.)
exhume, disinter ( s.th.); to uncover, lay isinbt discovery, invention
open, unveil, disclose, reveal, bring to
mustanbi discoverer, inventor
light, bring out into the open ( s.th.) II to
search, rummage, burrow ( in s.th.), mustanbat discoveries,
ransack, rifle ( s.th.) inventions
nab excavation, unearthing, nabaa u i a (nab, nub,
digging up; examination, search, naban) to well, well up, gush forth,
exploration; uncovering, disclosure, flow, issue ( from); to rise, spring,
revelation desecration of originate (river) IV to cause ( s.th.) to
graves, body snatching gush forth or flow out
nabb gravedigger; body snatcher nab a tree whose wood was used in
arrow-making; spring, source 939
nab dug up, excavated
( naba) approx.: to cross swords
unb and unba pl. with the opponent
anb excavation, excavated object
manba pl. manbi2 spring,
nabaa i (nab, naban) to beat, well; fountainhead, springhead, source,
throb, pulsate, palpitate (heart, pulse); -- u origin m. zait or oil
( nub) to flow off, run off, drain well
(water)
 yanb pl. yanb2 spring,
source, well
nabaga a u i (nabg, nubg) to arise,
emerge ( from), come to the fore, come
in eight, appear, show; to spread, diffuse,
be diffused; to have superior or
extraordinary qualities, stand out,
distinguish o.s., be distinguished, be
marked; to excel, be outstanding ( in);
to be an outstanding, exceptional man, be
a genius
nubg eminence, distinction;
superior or extraordinary qualities,
exceptional faculties, giftedness, talent,
genius; outstanding greatness, brilliancy,
genius (of an artistic achievement)
nbig outstanding, distinguished;
gifted, talented; man of genius, brilliant
person
nbiga pl. nawbig2 a
distinguished, famous, or outstanding
man, a poetic genius
nabq, nibq, nabaq, nabiq (coll.; n. un. )
nabk, a Christs-thorn (Zizyphus spina-
christi; bot.); lotus fruit; lotu. blossom
anbq, inbq pl. anbq2 notice, note, observe ( or s.th.); to
alembic, distilling flask
nabka, nabaka hill, hillock
nabala u (nabl) to shoot arrows ( at s.o.);
-- nabula u ( nabla) to be noble,
noble-minded, generous, magnanimous,
highborn, patrician; to be above s.th. (),
be too high-minded to stoop to ()
nabl (coll.; n. un. )pl. nibl,
anbl arrows
nubl and nabla nobility,
nobleness, exalted, rank, or station,
eminence; noble-mindedness, high-
mindedness, magnanimity, generosity
nabl and nabl pl. nibl,
nubal2 noble; lofty. exalted, sublime,
august; aristocratic, highborn, highbred,
patrician, distinguished; noble-minded,
high-minded, generous, magnanimous;
excellent, outstanding, superior;
magnificent, splendid, glorious; pl.
( formerly:) title of members of the
Egyptian royal family
nabbl pl. nabbla and
nbil pl. nubbl archer, bowman
nabaha u, nabiha a and nabuha u (
nabha) to be well-known, noted,
renowned, famous; -- nabiha a (nabah) to
heed, mind, note, observe ( s.th.), pay
attention ( to), take notice ( of); to wake
up, awaken II to call s.o.s attention ( )to (
or ), point out, show, indicate ( or
to s.o. s.th.); to inform, tell, apprise,
notify ( or s.o. of); to remind (
s.o. of); to inform, instruct, brief ( s.o.
about); to warn, caution ( s.o.); to wake,
awakn, rouse ( s.o. from sleep); to
arouse, alert, stir up, excite, stimulate (
s.o.) IV to awaken, rouse ( s.o., s.th.) V
to perceive, notice, note, realize ( or s.
th.), become aware, become conscious (
or of); to be alerted, have ones
attention drawn ( or to), take
notice ( or of), pay attention ( or
to), be mindful, heedful ( or
of); to wake up, awaken; to come to,
regain consciousness (with li-nafsih)
VIII to be on ones guard, be wary,
cautious, careful; to be awake, alert,
wakeful; to awaken, wake up; to perceive,
understand, realize, grasp, comprehend (
or s.th.); to be 940 aware, be
conscious ( or of s.th.); to pay
attention ( or to); to come to, regain
consciousness (with li-nafsih)
nubh insight, discernment,
perception, acumen, sagacity;
understanding, attention; vigilance,
alertness
nabih and nabh pl. nubah2
noble, highborn, patrician; outstanding,
eminent, distinguished, excellent; famous,
renowned, celebrated; understanding,
sensible, discerning, judicious,
perspicacious
nabha fame, renown, celebrity;
exalted rank or station, eminence,
nobility; vigilance, alertness; intelligence
manbaha a call to draw s.o.s
attention to s.th. (), rousing call,
incitement, impetus, incentive ( to)
tanbh rousing, awakening;
excitation, stimulation, incitement,
 arousing; warning, cautioning, alerting;
notification, notice, information;
admonition, exhortation, advice, counsel,
briefing, instruction, direction; nota bene,
note, remark, annotation (in books)
horn (of an automobile, etc.)
tanabbuh awakening, wakefulness,
alertness
intibh attention, attentiveness;
vigilance, watchfulness, alertness;
foresight, circumspection, prudence, care,
carefulness; caution; heed, notice,
observance attentively, carefully
nbih noble, highborn, patrician;
eminent; well-known, renowned,
distinguished; famous, important
munabbih awakening, rousing;
warning, cautioning, alerting; excitant,
stimulant; (pl. -t) alarm clock; stimulus,
stimulative agent, stimulant, excitant
mutanabbih awake, wakeful; alert,
vigilant, watchful
muntabih awake, wakeful; alert,
vigilant, watchful; attentive, heedful;
careful, prudent, cautious, wary, guarded
) )nab u ( nabw, nubw) to be far off, s.th. from), draw a conclusion ( from)
distant, remote; to move away, withdraw
in the distance; to mill (arrow, the
target); to bounce off, rebound, bounce,
bound ( from-to; ball); to disagree (
with); to be contradictory ( to), to
conflict, be in conflict, be inconsistent (
with); to be offensive, repugnant ( to
s.o.); to dislike, find repugnant ( s.th.)
( maknu) he felt unable to yield, proceeds, gain, profit; (techn.)
remain in the place
naby pl. -n, anbiy2 prophet because of, as a result of, due to, owing to
guaiacum wood consequently, hence, therefore;
nabaw prophetic, of or pertaining
to a prophet or specifically to the Prophet
Mohammed
nubwa prophethood, prophecy
nbin repugnant, distasteful,
improper, ugly
nataa a ( nat, nut) to swell; to mining) ( adab) literary
bulge, bulge out; to protrude, project, jut
out, stand out, be prominent, protuberant,
embossed, in relief
nata hill, hillock, elevation
nut swelling, intumescence;
growth, tumor; outgrowth, excrescence;
protrusion, projection, protuberance,
prominence, bulge; hill, hillock, elevation
n. al-jabha salient, bulge in
the front line (mil.)
nati pl. nawti2 swelling,
swollen; protruding, projecting, jutting
out, salient, protuberant, bulging; bulge,
hump, protuberance ( kubur)
wristbone
ntia pl. nawti2 projection,
protrusion, jut, prominence; outgrowth,
excrescence, protuberance; hump,
elevation 941
nataja i ( nitj) to bear, bring forth,
throw ( a young one); to proceed, derive,
arise, follow, ensue, result ( or
from), be the result of ( or )IV to
bear, throw ( a young one); to bring
forth, yield, generate, produce, make,
manufacture, fabricate, create, originate,
cause, provoke, bring about, occasion (
s.th.), give rise ( to) X to conclude,
gather, infer, deduce, derive, trace (
nitj (act or process of) bearing,
throwing, littering (of animals); brood,
litter, offspring, young ones, young
animals n. al-kail foal(s)
natja pl. natij2 result,
upshot, issue, outcome, consequence;
product, effect, immediate result, fruits,
output; conclusion, inference, deduction;
almanac, calendar; natjata (prep.)
n. al-jaib pocket calendar;
wall calendar
intj generation; making,
manufacture; production; rearing, raising,
breeding, growing, cultivation;
productivity; creating, creation, creative
activity; output (of a machine; O in
production; rasm al-i. excise tax
istintj pl. -t inference,
conclusion; deduction
 ntij resultant, resulting, following,
ensuing, proceeding, deriving, arising (
from); result; maker, producer
mantj pl. -t product, creation,
work, production
muntij bearing, giving birth,
producing; fruitful, productive; fertile,
fecund, prolific; conclusive (evidence);
maker, manufacturer, producer; film,
producer
muntajt proceeds, returns,
yields, products ( zirya)
agricultural products, farming products,
produce
mustantij maker, manufacturer,
producer
nata exudation
1
natara u (natr) to grab, grasp, wrest away,
take away by force ( s.th.)
2
nitrt nitrate
nitrjn nitrogen
nataa i (nat) to pull out, extract ( s.th.);
to pluck out, tear out ( s.th.); to snatch
away; to beat, strike, hit
mint tweezers, pincette
nataa u i ( nut) to well up, bubble
up, trickle out, ooze out, dribble, trickle; --
(eg.) to lift up, carry away ( s.o.)
natafa i (natf) to pluck out, pull out, tear
out ( hair, and the like) II do.
nutfa pl. nutaf tuft of hair; a
small amount, a little of s.th.
natf pulled out, torn out; plucked
natana i, natina a (natn) and natuna u (
natna, nutna) to have an offensive
smell, be malodorous, stink; to
decompose, rot, decay, become putrid II
to render putrid, putrefy ( s.th.); to cause
to decay or rot, decompose ( s.th.) IV = I
natn and natna stench, evil
smell, malodor; rotting, putrescence,
putrefaction, decomposition; decay
natin stinking, evil-smelling,
malodorous; rotten, putrid, putrescent,
putrefied, decayed, decomposed; (eg.)
miserly, closefisted, stingy, niggardly 942
munattan putrefied, putrescent,
rotten, decayed, decomposed
muntin stinking, evil-smelling,
malodorous; rotting, putrescent, putrid,
decayed
natara u i (natr, nitr) to scatter,
disperse, strew, sprinkle ( s.th. over
or on); to write in prose ( s.th.) II to
scatter, disperse, strew about ( s.th.) VI
and VIII to be scattered, about, be strewn
about, be dispersed; to scatter, disperse; to
fall off, fall out
natr scattering, dispersal,
dispersion; prose
natr prose, prosaic, in prose; small,
little, insignificant, trifling, petty;
sundries, miscellany
incidental expenses; petty expenses
nattr scattered fragments; floating
particles (dust); tiny pieces; O confetti
natr scattered, dispersed
tantur dispersion (e.g., of a
machine gun)
ntir prose writer, prosaist
mantr scattered, dispersed,
strewn about; prosaic, prose; wall-flower,
gillyflower (Cheiranthus cheiri; bot.); see
also hab
mutantir scattered
najuba u ( najba) to be of noble
birth, be highborn, aristocratic, patrician,
noble, distinguished, excellent,
highminded, generous, magnanimous IV
do.; to give birth ( to a child), bear ( a
child); to beget, sire ( s.o.) he
had children by her VIII and X to choose,
select, pick out ( s.th.)
najb and nujaba noble,
highminded, generous, magnanimous
najba nobility, nobleness, noble
descent, exalted rank or station, eminence;
excellence, superiority, perfection
najb pl. nujub, nujab2,
anjb of noble breed; highborn,
highbred, of noble descent, noble,
distinguished, aristocratic, patrician;
excellent, superior, outstanding
 najjb dromedary rider, courier
intijb choice; selection
najaa a (naj, nuj, naj) to turn
out well, come off well, succeed; to
progress well, develop satisfactorily; to
succeed, have success ( in), be
successful; to pass ( the
examination) II and IV to give ( s.o.)
successful ( s.o., s.th.) succeed, render
successful ( s.o., s.th.), make ( s.th.)
a success
nuj favorable, successful outcome,
happy ending; success; satisfactory
development, good progress
naj favorable, successful
outcome, happy ending; success;
satisfactory development, good progress;
passing (of an examination) najara u (najr) to hew, carve, plane (
(laqiya) to have success, be successful,
succeed, meet with success
naj sound, good (advice,
opinion)
inj success
nji successful; passing, having
passed (examination)
najada i (najd) to help, aid, assist, support
( s.o.), stand by s.o. (), najida a (najad)
to sweat, perspire II to furnish ( s.th.); to
upholster ( s.th.), to comb, card, tease (
al-quna cotton) III = najada IV =
najada; to travel in the highland (of
Arabia) X to ask for help ( s.o.), appeal
for help) to s.o.), seek aid ( or from
s.o.), to take liberties, make bold ( with
s.o.)
najd pl. nijd highland, upland,
tableland, plateau; the Arabian highland,
Nejd
najd Nejd, Nejdi, native of Nejd
najda pl. najadt help, aid, succor,
assistance, support; emergency, crisis,
trouble, difficulty, distress, calamity;
courage, bravery, intrepidity,
undauntedness, pl. auxiliaries,
reinforcements !! help! help! job); to perform ( an action, an
approx.: riot squad (Eg.)
sword belt tall, of tall discharge ( a duty); to finish ( s.o.)
stature
nijd upholsterer; (pl. )a kind
of boy scout (syr.)
nijda upholsterers trade,
upholstery
tanjd upholstering, upholstery
work
najada i (nad) to importune ( s.o.)
manjid 2 moles (zool.)
njid pl. nawjd2 molar
( abd) to show ones teeth,
display a hostile, threatening attitude (
toward s.o.); ( aa) to grit
ones teeth; ( njidaihi) to
have reached the age of manhood;
to cling stubbornly to ..., stick
doggedly to ...
wood)
najr heat, hot time of the day
najjr pl. -n carpenter,
cabinetmaker, joiner
nujr origin, descent, stock, root
nujra wood shavings
nijra woodworking,
cabinetwork, joinery, carpentry
minjar pl. manajir2 plane
(tool)
manjr pulley; sheave;
waterwheel; woodwork, paneling,
wainscoting
najaza u (najz) to carry out, execute,
implement, realize, accomplish, fulfill,
complete ( s.th.); -- najiza a (najaz) to be
carried out, be executed, be implemented,
be realized, be accomplished, be
completed, be achieved II to carry out,
execute, implement, realize, effect(uate},
accomplish ( s.th.); to fulfill, grant,
answer ( a wish, and the like) III to fight,
battle, struggle ( against s.o.) IV to carry
out, execute, implement, realize,
effect(uate), accomplish, complete,
consummate ( s.th.); to do ( work, a
operation); to fulfill ( a promise),
 off, deal ( s.o.) the deathblow X to ask naj useful, beneficial;
for the fulfillment ( of a promise) wholesome, healthful, salubrious,
salutary; -- blood
najz and najz execution,
implementation, realization, effectuation, nji useful, beneficial;
completion, consummation, wholesome, healthful, salubrious, salutary
accomplishment, achievement, muntaja refuge, retreat;
fulfillment, discharge
recreation center; health resort, rest center,
tanjz and injz execution, convalescent home, sanatorium
implementation, realization, effectuation,
najaf pl. nijf (sand) hill, dune; dam,
accomplishment, achievement, dike, levee; an-najaf An Najaf (town
completion, consummation; performance; in central Iraq)
fulfillment, discharge
najafa pl. -t chandelier, luster
munjaza and tanjuz fight,
struggle, contention, strife najala u (najl) to beget, sire, father ( a
son)
njiz completed; full, total, whole,
entire, complete, consummate najl pl. anjl offspring,
descendant, scion, son; progeny, issue
najusa u ( najsa) and najisa a
(najas) to be impure, unclean, soiled, najl pl. nujl a variety of
dirty, sullied, stained, tainted II and IV to orchard grass (Dactylis; bot.); herbage
soil, sully, dirty, pollute, contaminate, anjal2, f. najl2 large-eyed;
defile, stain, taint ( s.th.) V to be or large, big, wide (eye); gaping (wound)
become impure, unclean, soiled, sullied, ( ana) a blow causing a gaping
polluted, contaminated, defiled, stained, wound; heavy blow or thrust
944 tainted; to sully o.s., contaminate o.s.,
defile o.s. minjal pl. manajil2 scythe,
sickle
najas and najsa impurity,
uncleanness, uncleanliness, dirt, filth, manjala vise
squalor 2
look up alphabetically
najis pl. anjs impure, najama u ( nujm) to appear, come in
unclean, defiled, polluted, contaminated, sight, rise (star), begin, commence, set in;
soiled, sullied, dirty, filthy, squalid to result, follow, ensue, arise, proceed,
najis and najs incurable, derive, originate, spring ( or from)
fatal (disease) ( qarnuh) to begin to show II to
observe the stars; to predict the future
tanjs soiling, sullying, from the stars, practice astrology; to pay
defilement, contamination, pollution in installments V to observe the stars,
naj, nij Negus, Emperor of predict the future from the stars
Ethiopia najm pl. nujm installment,
najaa a (naj, nuj) to be useful, partial payment; nujman in
beneficial, salutary, have a wholesome installments
effect II and IV do. VIII to take refuge ( najm pl. nujm, anjum
with s.o.), resort, have recourse ( to); to celestial body; star; lucky star;
seek ( rest, and the like) X to seek ( constellation, asterism; (coll.) herbs,
pasture, rest, relaxation) herbage, grass ( d danab)
naj pl. nuj hamlet, small comet; film stars, movie stars
village najma pl. najamt star; asterisk
nuja search for food (typ.) film star, movie star;
mara an-n. a disease
afflicting horses
 najm star-shaped, stelliform,
starlike, stellate, stellular, stellar, astral; --
in installments, installment- (in
compounds)
nujaima small star, starlet
najjm and munajjim pl. -n
astrologer
manjam pl. manjim2 source,
origin; mine; pit
tanjm astrology 945
) )naj u (najw, naj, najh) to
save o.s., be saved, be rescued, make for
safety, get away ( from), escape (
s.th.), he delivered ( from)
(bi-nafsih) or ( bi-rih) to save
o.s. ( from); ( bi-aytih) to lamentation
save ones life, save ones skin; -- (najw,
najwan) to entrust a secret ( to s.o.)
II and IV to deliver, save, fescue, bring to
safety ( s.o., from) III to whisper (
to s.o. s.th.), entrust ( to s.o. s.th.
secret), take into ones confidence ( s.o.),
confide ( in s.o.) ( nafsah) to
soliloquize, talk to o.s., say to o.s. VI to
whisper to each other, carry on a
whispered conversation, converse
intimately, confidentially, exchange
secrets, exchange ideas VIII to whisper
into each others ear ( s.th.) X to save
o.s. ( from), escape ( s.th.); to he
delivered ( from)
najan deliverance, release, rescue
najh escape, flight; deliverance,
rescue; salvation, redemption; safety
najw excrement
najwa pl. naj elevation,
rising ground, upland free
from, far from, a long way from
najw pl. najw
confidential talk, secret conversation
najy pl. anjiya secret;
confident, intimate friend, bosom friend
manjan safety, security ( from)
manjh pl. manjin safe place,
haven, refuge; safeguard, protection;
rescue, salvation to he safe
from, he secure from, he safeguarded
against
tanjiya rescue, salvation,
deliverance
munjh secret conversation;
confidential talk spiritism,
spiritualism
munajjin rescuer, savior, deliverer
naaba i a (nab, nab) and VIII to
sob, weep, cry, wail, lament
nab weeping, crying, sobbing.
sighing, moaning, wail(ing), lamentation;
time, period, term, span, interval; death
qa nabah to fulfill ones
vow, redeem ones pledge; to pass away,
die, expire
nab loud weeping, wail(ing),
naata i u (nat) to hew, dress ( stone or
wood), plane, smooth, face; to carve, cut
out, hew out, chisel, sculpture; to form,
coin ( s.th.)
nat wood or stone dressing,
woodwork, stonework; sculpturing,
sculpture
stonemason, stonecutter, stone
dresser; sculptor
nuta shavings, parings, chips,
splinters, slivers
minat pl. manit2 chisel
naara u (nar) to cut the throat ( of an
animal) slaughter, butcher, kill ( an
animal) VI to fight; to kill each other,
hack each other to pieces, engage in
internecine fighting VIII to commit
suicide; O to be scuttled (ship)
(anqan) to hang o.s., commit suicide by
hanging
nar killing, slaughter(ing),
butchering yaum an-n. Day of
Immolation (on the 10th of Zulhijja)
nar pl. nur upper portion
of the chest, throat 946
nir, and nirr pl.
narr2 skilled, adept, proficient, versed,
experienced ( in)
nar, and manr killed,
slaughtered, butchered
 manar throat, neck
intir suicide; O scuttling
muntair suicide (person)
naza nature, natural disposition
ayyib an-n. good-natured, good-
humored; high-minded, noble-
minded, of generous disposition
naasa a (nas) to make ( s.o.) unhappy,
bring ( s.o.) bad luck; -- nausa u (
nusa, nasa) and naisa a
(naas) to be unlucky, ominous, ill-fated,
calamitous, ill-boding, portend evil II to
covert coat, or sheathe with copper, to
copper ( s.th.)
nas pl. nus misfortune,
calamity, disaster
nas, nais unlucky, luckless,
ominous, calamitous, disastrous, ill-fated,
ill-starred, sinister, ill-omened, ill-boding
nas coppersmith
nus copper; (tun.) a small coin
( afar2) brass
manis2 ominous events
mans luckless, ill-fated, star-
crossed
naufa a ( nafa) to be thin, slim,
slender, lean, skinny; to become thin, lose
weight IV to make thin, weaken,
debilitate, enervate, emaciate
nafa leanness, thinness,
slenderness, slimness. enervation.
emaciation, wasting away
naf pl. nif, nuf 2 name, alias, pseudonym, nom de guerre
thin, slim, slender, slight; delicate, of
fragile build; lean, gaunt, enervated,
debilitated, emaciated
manaf dieting resort, weight-
reducing resort
manf thin, slim, slender,
slight; lean, gaunt, enervated, debilitated,
emaciated
naala u a, naula u and naila a (
nul) to be emaciated; to waste
away, lose weight, grow thin; -- naala a
(nul) to make a donation, make a present
( to s.o.); to ascribe, attribute, impute
(wrongly, unduly) ( to s.o. s.th.) IV to
make thin, enervate, emaciate ( s.o.); to
weaken ( s.th.) V and esp. VIII to
ascribe to o.s., claim for o.s. (),
assume unduly, presume, arrogate to o.s. (
s.th.); to embrace ( a religion); to
borrow, adopt, take over ( foreign
words); to take up ( s.th.)
to profess Islam; ( ismah) to
assume s.o.s name;
(arabya) to claim to be a Bedouin;
( adr) to think up excuses, make
excuses, use pretexts or subterfuges;
( akyata) to pass o.s. off as
s.o., purport to be ..., impersonate s.o.
nal (coll.; n. un. )bee
nala pl. nial present, gift,
donation; creed, faith, seat
nal beekeeper, apiarist,
apiculturist
nila beekeeping, apiculture
nul leanness, skinniness,
thinness, slimness, slenderness;
enervation, emaciation, wasting away
nal and nil pl. nal,
nual thin, slim, slender, lean,
skinny; enervated, emaciated, gaunt
manal pl. manil2 beehive;
apiary, apicultural station 947
intil undue assumption,
arrogation; literary theft, plagiarism
muntail plagiarist
muntaal: ( ism) assumed
naama i (nam, nam,
naamn) to clear ones throat; to wheeze,
pant, gasp
num flamingo
nanu we
nanaa and II tananaa to clear ones
throat, to hem, say ahem
nanaa hem, hawk, little cough
) )na a u (naw) to wend ones way (
to), go, walk, move, turn ( to,
toward), take the road ( to), go in the
direction ( of) ( na nawah)
 to follow s.o., follow s.o.s example, be direction; (rhetorical, literary) form; field,
guided by s.o. or s.th.; to imitate s.o.; to be domain, realm, province, bailiwick, sphere
of the same nature, of the same kind, on (fig.) m. l-ayh walks of life
the same line as ..., be like ...;
nin pl. nuh grammarian;
to walk toward the door; to philologist
show s.o. to the door II to put aside, push
away, brush aside ( s.th.); to remove, niya pl. nawin side;
take away ( s.th. from) IV to turn direction; viewpoint, standpoint, aspect;
away, avert ( baarah an ones region, area, section; sphere, domain,
eyes from); to turn ( against s.o.), field; district, canton; (Ir.) subdivision of a
assail, overcome ( s.o. with); to help qa, roughly corresponding to a
( upon s.o. reproach, or the like), county; off side, secluded part, corner
shower ( s.o. with); to turn, apply (e.g., of a room); niyata in the direction
o.s. attend ( to s.th.) V to step aside, go of, toward, to with regard to, in
away, withdraw, move away, fall back ( respect to, as to, as for, 948 concerning,
or from); to turn away; to forgo, regarding, on the part of;
renounce, waive ( s.th.); to abandon, (ukr) on the other hand;
give up, surrender, yield, relinquish ( (askarya) from a military standpoint;
s.th.); to retreat, retire ( to a place); to de jure; ( wqiya)
lean, rest, support o.s. ( on) VIII to turn ( de facto; sound in body;
to, toward); to lean, support o.s. ( on) mutaaddid an-n. many-sided;
to turn aside; do., in every respect
step back, withdraw, retire nakk pl. ankk mat; rug, carpet
naw pl. an direction; side; nakaba u (nakb) and VIII to select, pick,
section, part; way, course, method, choose ( s.th.); to choose, make ones
manner, mode, fashion; (with foll. genit.) choice; to vote, go to the polls; to elect (
corresponding to, analogous to, similar to, s.o.)
like, somewhat like; (gram.) grammar;
syntax ( nawi) in the manner nakb selection, choice; a drink to
of, as; ( nawin) rather, pretty s.o.s health ( ariba) to drink
much; in this manner, this to s.o.s health, toast s.o.
way; in this respect; and so nukba pl. nukab selected piece,
forth, and so on; at selected item, selected passage; the pick,
about the seventh hour, at about 7 oclock, cream, elite, flower
around seven; as far as I am
concerned, as for me, for my part, I for intikb pl. -t election (pol.);
one; ( nawan) approximately, choice; selection
roughly, about, circa (with foll. figure); intikb of or pertaining to an
( a. il-ar) all over the earth; election or elections, election (used
( ) )lam) all over the attributively); elective; electoral
world; ( muqrin) comparative ( maraka) election campaign
grammar
nkib and muntakib pl. -n
nawa (prep.) in the direction of, elector (esp., pol.), voter, constituent
toward, to; according to, in analogy with,
mankb lean, emaciated
similar to, like, as, as for instance;
approximately, roughly, about, around, muntakab chosen, elected,
circa selected, hand-picked; elected candidate;
(pl. -t) team (in sports); = selected
naw syntactical; grammatical;
pieces, selected items, selected passages
grammarian; philologist
nakara u i (nakr, nakr) to
manan pl. manin aim,
snort; to snore; to gnaw ( on s.th.), bore,
goal, object, end, purpose; manner of
burrow, eat ( into s.th.; worm); to eat
acting, mode of conduct, behavior;
 away ( at s.th.); to enervate, sap, ruin,
decay ( s.th.); -- nakira a (nakar) to be
eaten away, worm-eaten, rotten, decayed,
full of holes; to spoil, rot, decay; to
decompose, disintegrate, crumble
nakr snorting, snort; snoring, snore;
decay, rot, rottenness; tooth decay, caries
nakr and nkir worm-eaten;
rotting, decaying
nakr snort(ing), snoring, snore;
grunt(s)
mankar, mankir, minkar pl. pituitary body (anat.)
mankir2 nostril; nose
2
minkr pl. mankr nostril; haughty, supercilious ( toward s.o.) II
nose
nakraba to eat holes into s.th. (), eat
away ( at); to hollow out ( s.th.)
2 pride, dignity, sense of honor, self-respect;
nukrb pl. nakrb hole;
cavity, hollow; cell; honeycomb
nakaza a (nakz) to bore into or through
s.th. ( ;worm)
nakaaa a u (naks) to prick, goad, prod,
urge on, drive on ( an animal)
nakks drover; cattle dealer; slave
trader; white slaver
niksa cattle trade; slave trade;
white-slave traffic
nukla residue left in a sieve; bran;
waste, refuse l
yusw mila udnih nuklatan he isnt
worth a bent nickel
mankal, munkul pl. mankil2
sieve
nakama a (nakam) and V to clear ones
throat, hawk, spit out, expectorate
nukma phlegm, mucus, sputum,
expectoration
gudda nukmya hypophysis,
) )nak u ( nakwa) to be proud,
and IV to inflame, incite, excite, stimulate,
arouse, awaken ( s.th.)
nakwa haughtiness, arrogance;
high-mindedness, generosity
nadda i (nadd, nadad, nidd,
nudd, nadd) to run away, flee; to slip
away; to slip out (exclamation); to escape
( s.o.) II to expose, show up,
compromise ( s.o.); to criticize ( s.o. or
s.th.), find fault ( with)
nadd high hill; -- nadd, nidd incense
(of aloeswood, with ambergris, musk and
frankincense)

minkas pl. mankis2 spur, nidd pl. andd equal, (a)like,

goad, prod (for driving cattle) same; an equal, a peer; partner; antagonist,
rival
minks pl. manks2 spur,
goad, prod (for driving cattle) nadd pl. nudad2 equal; rival

nak pl. nak2 gill, branchia tandd pl. -t criticism; revilement,

(respiratory organ of fish) abuse, disparagement, defamation

V to clear ones throat, hawk, spit out,
expectorate
nuk, nik pl. nuku spinal task); to send as a representative or
marrow, spinal cord; bone marrow,
medulla; brain
nuka phlegm, mucus, sputum,
expectoration
nakala u (nakl) to sift, bolt, sieve out (
s.th.); to strain ( s.th.) V and VIII do.
949
nakl (coll.; n. un. )and nakl
palm; date palm
nadaba u (nadb) to mourn, lament, bewail
( the deceased); to appoint, assign ( s.o.
to an office), detail ( s.o. for a job, for a
delegate, to delegate, depute, deputize (
s.o.); to commission, charge, entrust (
s.o., with); -- nadiba a (nadab) to scar
over, cicatrize, heal IV = nadiba VIII to
appoint, assign ( s.o. to an office), detail
( s.o. for a job, for a task); to
commission, charge, empower, authorize (
s.o. to do s.th., with), order ( s.o.
to do s.th.); to entrust ( to s.o. a task);
(mil.) to detach, detail, transfer ( s.o.
to); (with nafsah) to apply o.s.,
devote o.s. dedicate o.s. ( to s.th.); to
give ( a country) the mandate ( over);
to comply readily ( with an order or
instruction), be willing, be prepared, stand
ready ( to); to present o.s. ( to s.o.),
turn ( toward, to)
nadb weeping, wailing,
lamentation; lament, dirge, elegy;
assignment, commissioning, delegation,
deputation; appointment, authorization,
mandation
nadab pl. andb, nudb enlarge ( s.th.)
scar, cicatrice
nadba pl. andb, nudb freedom (of action) (
scar, cicatrice; scabby wound
nudba lamentation for the dead;
elegy; dirge, funeral song
nadba pl. -t hired female
mourner
mandab pl. mandib2 wail,
lamentation Bab el Mandeb
(strait between SW Arabia and Africa;
geogr.)
intidb deputation, appointment;
commissioning, charging, authorization;
detailing, detachment, assignment,
mission; (pl. -t) mandate (over a
territory); mandatory rule be uncommon, unusual; -- nadura u (
daulat al-int. mandatory power;
lajnat al-int. Mandate
Commission (of the League of Nations)
950
intidb mandatory
(idra) mandatory administration
ndiba pl. -t, nawdib2 hired
female mourner
mandb bewailed, bemoaned,
mourned, lamented; regrettable,
deplorable, lamentable; -- (pl. -n) deputy,
delegate, agent, functionary,
commissioner; representative;
representative of the press, correspondent,
reporter (of a newspaper); plenipotentiary,
authorized agent; (Isl. Law) recommended
insurance agent; tanaddur amusement, fun-making,
(ka) special envoy; ( smin)
High Commissioner;
ambassador extraordinary;
(mufawwa) plenipotentiary, authorized
agent; (dipl.) minister;
ambassador extraordinary and
minister plenipotentiary (official title of
ambassadors)
mandbya delegation; High
Commission
muntadab deputized, delegated;
commissioned, charged; entrusted;
appointed; assigned, detailed
(daula) mandatory power
nadaa a (nad) to extend, expand,
nada, nuda wide, open space;
nadata)
it is indispensable, unavoidable,
inevitable; ( ajidu,
nadatan) I feel compelled to ...
manda pl. mandi2 and
muntada alternative, choice;
freedom of action
(mandata) it is indispensable,
absolutely necessary, mandatory,
imperative for him; ) )it
is up to you, it is optional for you;
( lam yara mandatan) to feel
obligated, feel compelled to ...
1
nadara u (nadr, nudr) to be rare; to
nadra) to be strange, odd, queer,
unusual, extraordinary V to make fun (
or of); to joke, jest VI to tell each
other stories and jokes
nadr rare; strange, odd
nadra, nudra and nudra
rarity, rareness; nadratan rarely, seldom
rarely, seldom
andar pl. andir2 (tun.)
threshing floor
andar2 rarer
mandara pl. mandir2 (tun.)
threshing floor; see also below
mundart causeries on
amusing, witty topics
joking
tandur gay chat
 ndir rare; infrequent; strange, odd,
unusual, uncommon; excellent, precious,
priceless; an eccentric, a crank, an odd
fellow; ndiran rarely, seldom
rarely, seldom; unparalleled, repenting, repentant, rueful, remorseful,
singular, unique; ( umla) specie,
hard money
ndira pl. nawdir2 rarity,
rare thing, rare phenomenon; rare,
uncommon word; phenomenon, prodigy,
extraordinary person; funny, droll story,
anecdote, joke; accident, incident
2
mandara (for , esp. eg.) pl. regret
mandir2 reception parlor for male
visitors; ) )= parties
nadasa u to throw down, bring to the
ground ( s.o.); to revile, defame, discredit
( s.o.)
nadafa i (nadf) to tease, comb, or card
cotton 951
nadf teasing, combing, carding (of
cotton) jahz an-n. card,
carding machine
nudfa pl. nudaf flock (of wool);
flake n. at-talj snowflake
nadf and mandf carded,
teased (cotton)
naddf cotton carder, cotton teaser
mindaf pl. mandif2 teasing
bow (for carding cotton)
nadala u (nadl) to snatch away ( s.th.)
nadl =
mindla rammer
ndil pl. nudul waiter; servant
who waits on table
2
mandal: arb al-m. (eg.) a (ndiya) to be proclaimed president IV =
magic practice in which a fortuneteller, or
a medium, prophesies while
contemplating a mirror-like surface
look up alphabetically
nadima a (nadam, nadma) to repent (
of), rue, regret ( s.th.) III to drink,
carouse ( with s.o.) V = I VI to drink
together, carouse together
nadam, nadma remorse,
repentance, regret
nadm pl. nudam2, nidm
drinking companion; friend, intimate,
confidant
nadmn pl. nadm
regretful
mandam remorse, repentance,
regret
mundama drinking
companionship, intimate friendship
tanaddum remorse, repentance,
ndim pl. nuddm repenting,
repentant, rueful, remorseful, regretful
mundim drinking companion,
boon companion, intimate
mutanaddim repenting, repent, ant,
rueful, remorseful, regretful
nadaha a (nadh) to drive, urge, spur on (
s.o.); to drive away ( s.o.)
) )nad u (nadw) to call ( s.o.); to invite;
to call together, convoke, convene,
summon ( a meeting); to get together,
meet, convene, assemble, gather; --
nadiya a ( nadan, nadwa,
nudwa) to be moist, damp, dewy, wet
an embarrassing or
shocking thing, a disgraceful thing II to
moisten, wet, bedew ( s.th.) III to shout,
call out, cry out, exclaim; to call ( or
s.o. or for s.o., also ), summon ( s.o.,
also ;)to call out, shout ( to s.o.); to
call for s.th. (), invite to s.th. ( ;)to
proclaim, announce ( s.th.); to
emphasize ( s.th.); O to announce, act as
announcer (radio); to cry ones wares,
hawk ( s.th. to be sold)
II; to be noble, generous, magnanimous V
to he moistened, he bedewed; to show o.s.
generous, liberal, openhanded VI and VIII
to get together, meet, convene, gather,
assemble, form a club
nadwa council; debating group,
study group; club city hall,
town hall; parliament, house of
representatives, chamber of deputies
 nudwa and nadwa
moistness, moisture, dampness
nadan pl. and, andiya
moistness, moisture, dampness, wetness;
dew; generosity, liberality, magnanimity
952
nadin and nadyn2 moist, damp
al-kaff generous, liberal,
openhanded
nady moist, damp; tender, delicate
al-kaff generous, liberal,
openhanded
nid pl. -t shout; call;
exclamation; summons; public
announcement; proclamation, appeal;
address; vocative (gram.)
call for help, distress signal;
arf an-n. interjection (gram.);
(adara) to issue s proclamation to
mundh calling, shouting; call;
vocative; public notice, announcement;
proclamation bai al-m. public alarm O
sale, auction
ndin pl. andiya, nawdin
club; circle; association; clubhouse
( riy) athletic club; raid warning, alarm O
clubhouse
munaddan wet, damp; bedewed,
dewy; refreshing
mundin caller; herald; town crier;
auctioneer; O announcer (radio)
mundan noun in the vocative
(gram.)
mundiya pl. -t disgraceful, evil
deed; insult, abuse, affront
l.s.J.::... muntadan pl. u4,.J.::...o
muntadayt gathering place, assembly
room; club
nadara u i (nadr, nudr) to dedicate,
consecrate ( s.th. to God); to vow, make
a vow I vow to God that ..., I
swear by God that ...; to vow
to o.s., make the solemn pledge to ...; --
nadira a (nadar) to have been warned, be
on ones guard ( against) IV to warn (
s.o. of or against), caution ( s.o.
against), admonish ( s.o.); to announce (
to s.o. s.th.), give notice or warning (
to s.o. of), notify in advance ( s.o., of)
( bi-taslmi manzilih) he
gave him notice to vacate the premises
nadr pl. nudur, nudrt
vow, solemn pledge; votive offering, ex-
voto
nadr pl. nudur consecrated to
God; vowed, solemnly pledged; warner;
herald, harbinger, forerunner; warning;
n. al-kaar airraid
warning
indr pl. -t warning;
announcement, notice; admonition; air-
( bi-wuq grt jawwiya) or
( li-l-akr) air-raid warning;
( nih) ultimatum; O
affrat al-i. warning siren
tandur syndrome (med.)
ndir one who has made a vow
mandr solemnly pledged,
vowed, consecrated to God
mundir warner, cautioner
mundira alarm signal; warning
sign ( against)
nadula u ( nadla, nudla) to be
low, base, mean, vile, despicable,
debased, depraved
nadl pl. andl, nudl low,
base, mean, vile, despicable, debased,
depraved; coward
nadl pl. nudal 2, nidl
low, base, mean, vile, despicable,
debased, depraved; coward
nadla depravity
 narbj pl. narbj2 mouthpiece of a nazr and nazr little; insignificant,
narghile 953
narb pl. narb2 mouthpiece of insignificant number, negligible portion
a narghile
narjis, nirjis narcissus (bot.)
nard backgammon, tricktrack
nardn nard, spikenard
narfaza nervousness
munarfaz (pal.-syr.) nervous
naranj bitter orange
nurj, narj Norway
nurwj Norway
nurwj Norwegian
nazza i (nazz, nazz) to seep, trickle,
ooze, or leak, through; to vibrate (string)
nazz, nizz, nuzza pl. nuzz tendency ( to); to take on, take over,
seepage, leakage water
nazz swift, nimble, agile, lively,
sprightly; changeable, inconstant,
unsteady, fickle
nazza, nizza (sensuous) passion, lust
nazz unsteady, inconstant,
unstable; sensuous, passionate
nazaa a i (naz, nuz) to be far off,
be distant; to leave ( s.th.), depart,
emigrate (or from); to immigrate ( to);
to wander, migrate, rove, roam, range; O
to march off, pull out (troops); pass.
nuzia bih to emigrate, be away from
home, live abroad; -- (naz) and IV to
scoop out, bail out, empty ( s.th.); to
drain, dry out ( a well, a ditch, a latrine,
and the like) VIII to emigrate
naz scooping out, emptying;
draining, drainage
naza pl. anz muddy water
nuz emigration
naz and naz far-off, disarming, disarmament;
faraway, distant, remote
nzi far-off, faraway, distant,
remote; going away from home, moving
to other lands, leaving for distant shores,
emigrating; emigrant; one who scoops out,
bails out or empties, a latrine cleaner
trivial, petty; trifle, small amount,
taciturn, of few words;
tiny amount
nazaa i (naz) to pull out, extract (
s.th.); to remove, take, take away, strike,
cross off ( s.th. from); to take off,
shed ( a garment); to strip, divest,
deprive, rob ( or s.o. of s.th.); to
wrest, take away ( from s.o. s.th.,
possession, right, reputation, etc.); to
remove ( s.o. from a position), depose,
dismiss, fire, cashier, demote, reduce in
rank ( s.o.); to adduce as proof or in
refutation ( s.th.); (intr.) to move,
proceed, go, betake o.s., repair ( to); to
emigrate ( to); -- ( nuz) to desire (
s.th.), wish, long, yearn, pine ( for);
to incline, tend, have an inclination or a
adopt ( s.th.), resort ( to; e.g., to a
method); to absent o.s., depart (or from);
to desist, abstain, refrain (or from), keep
clear ( of), give up, avoid, eschew (
s.th.); to be in the throes of death
( nziun) he felt a desire for ...,
discovered his inclination to ... II to
remove, take away ( s.th.) III to fight,
struggle, contend, dispute ( with s.o.),
combat ( s.th.); to contest, challenge (
s.th.); to attempt to wrest ( from s.o.
s.th.), contest ( s.o.s right to s.th.); to
be in the throes of death VI to contend
with one another; to rival ( for s.th.),
contest each others right ( to), carry on
a 954 dispute, be at variance ( over) VIII
to pull out, extract, pluck out, tear out (
s.th. .i- from); to match, wrest ( from
1.o. s.th.), tear away, pull off ( s.th.
from); to take, draw, borrow ( s.th.); to
be removed, be taken away
naz removal; withdrawal,
elimination; deposition, removal from
office; death struggle, agony of death
mutamar n. as-s. disarmament
conference; n. al-milkya
expropriation
naza pl. nazat inclination,
tendency, leaning; attitude, position, stand
 nuz striving, endeavor, longing,
wish, desire ( for)
nazz tending, having an
inclination ( to), leaning ( toward)
naz pl. nuzz stranger
manza pl. manzi intent,
intention, purpose; aim, end, objective,
goal; way, method; manner, behavior
minza arrow
niz fight, struggle, strife, contest,
controversy; dispute; death struggle,
agony of death ( bi-l)
indisputably, incontestibly,
incontrovertibly, indubitably, undeniably;
disputed, contested, debatable;
( niza) undisputed, uncontested,
unquestioned
munzaa pl. -t tight, struggle,
strife, contention, controversy, quarrel,
dissension, discord; dispute; matter in
controversy, case at issue (before a court
of justice)
tanzu tight, struggle, strife,
contention, controversy t. al-
baq struggle for existence
intiz removal, withdrawal,
elimination; dispossession, expropriation
nzia pl. nawzi tendency,
inclination, leaning
manz removed, taken away
( minaqa) demilitarized superficial
zone
munzi struggling with death,
being in the throes of death; contending,
fighting, militant, litigious, renitent
no one will deny that ...
munza alaihi contested,
disputed, debatable
mutanzi conflicting, clashing
( mutanza) and (airplane); to fall (rain); to descend from
contested, disputed, debatable; litigated
matter, matter in controversy, case at issue
muntaza taken, drawn ( from)
nazg and pl. nazagt incitement to
evil n. a-ain insinuations lodgings, lodge, room, stay to live ( or
of the devil, satanic inspiration
nazafa i (nazf) to drain, exhaust, empty (
s.th.); to dry up ( a well); to draw off (
blood); to be drained, exhausted, spent;
pass. nuzifa damuh to lose much
blood, bleed (to death) IV to drain, empty
( a well); to be exhausted X to drain off,
draw, extract ( s.th. from); to exhaust,
consume, use up, swallow up, devour (
s.th.)
nazf exhaustion, draining,
emptying; hemorrhage; loss of blood O
( damaw) hemophilis (med.)
nuzfa small quantity, modicum (of
a liquid)
nazf weakened by loss of blood;
bleeding, effusion of blood; hemorrhage,
hemorrhea (med.)
manzf exhausted through loss
of blood 955
nazaqa i (nazq) and naziqa a (nazaq,
nuzq) to storm ahead, rush forward; to be
hasty, rash, precipitate, impetuous,
lightheaded, frivolous, reckless, ruthless,
II to spur on, urge on ( a horse)
nazaq haste; rashness,
precipitateness, impetuosity;
lightheadedness, recklessness,
thoughtlessness, frivolity
naziq hasty; rash, precipitate,
impetuous; thoughtless, heedless, careless,
inattentive, lightheaded, frivolous, flighty,
nazaka u (nazk) to stab, pierce ( s.o.)
naizak pl. nayzik2 short
lance; shooting star, meteor
nazala i ( nuzl) to dismount, alight; to
descend, go down, come down, move
down, get down, step down, climb down;
to get off (, e.g., a train), get out, step
out (, e.g., of a car), debark, disembark (
from a vessel); to put down, land
heaven, be revealed (esp., the Koran); to
fall, sink, sag (prices), drop (water level);
to subside, abate, let up, decrease; to stop,
or halt, for a rest, to camp; to stop, stop
over, put up, take up quarters, take
at s.o.s home, also ), live, dwell (
in a place), inhabit ( a place); to step into down, take down; to cause to descend,
the arena, take the field, meet an opposing dismount, or step down; to send down.
team (sports); to give in, yield ( e.g., to reveal ( s.th. to s.o.; of God); to
s.o.s pleas); to give up, renounce, resign ( bestow, grant, give ( s.th.; of God); to
s.th. in s.o.s favor), cede, waive, make ( s.o.) alight, stop, halt, camp, put
relinquish, abandon ( s.th.); to resign ( up, tab up quarters, live, stay, abide ( in
from); to refrain ( from), forgo ( a place); to unload ( s.th.); to take ashore
s.th.); to descend, come ( upon s.o.; ( il l-barr s.th. from a vessel); to
misfortune, punishment, etc.), befall, hit, land, put ashore, disembark, debark (
afflict ( s.o.; misfortune), happen, occur troops); to lower, strike ( a flag); to
( to s.o.); to fall ( upon s.o.), attack, abase, degrade; to lower, decrease,
assail, assault ( s.o.); to enter, embark ( diminish, reduce ( number, price,
upon s.th.), set out ( to do s.th.), etc., to); to cause ( to s.o. loss), inflict
tackle, attack ( s.th.), pounce ( on ( upon s.o. a loss); to compel, force,
s.th.); (with :) to take, bring, lead, etc., coerce ( s.o. to)
s.o. or s.th. down ( to); -- nazila a ( (suln) (lit.: God has given it no power,
nazla) to have a cold ( barr) i.e.) futile, vain, fruitless, unavailing,
to disembark, go ashore, land; unfounded, absurd, preposterous,
( maidn) to take the field; completely arbitrary, random;
( manzilatih) to sink below ones (bar) to launch ( a ship);
level; ( aifan) to avail o.s. of ( uyfan) they took them in as
s.o.s hospitality, stay as a guest with s.o.; guests; ( kusratan
( ukmih) to defer, give in, fiatan) to inflict a heavy loss on s.o.;
yield, submit to s.o.; to comply with the ( manzilata f.) he had him
standard of s.th.; ( irdatih) to occupy the same position as, gave him the
defer to s.o.s will, do s.o.s bidding; same status as, made him equal in rank
( ) )ragbatih, alabih) to with V to lower o.s., stoop, condescend (
comply with, or fulfill, s.o.s wish or to s.th.); to abase o.s., humble o.s.,
demand; ( manzilan) to occupy a demean o.s., eat crow; to give up,
place or position, get to a place or into a renounce, resign, waive, forgo ( s.th.),
position; ( manzilah) to refrain ( from) VI to give up, renounce,
occupy ones due place; resign, waive, forgo ( s.th. in favor
(manzilata f.) to hold the position of, serve of), refrain ( from), yield, surrender,
as II to cause to come down; to make ( abandon, relinquish ( s.th.); to cede (
s.o.) descend, dismount, or step down; to s.th. to); to leave, assign, transfer, make
lower, let down ( s.th., e.g., a bucket, a over ( s.th. to); to lower o.s., stoop,
curtain, etc.); to send down ( a condescend; to deign; to dismount, or line
revelation to a prophet), reveal ( s.th.); to up, for battle )(
take down, put down ( s.th.); to lower, (ar) to abdicate in favor of;
decrease, diminish, lessen, minimize, ( manib) to lay down an office,
curtail, reduce ( or s.th.); to dip, tilt ( resign from office X to ask ( s.o.) to step
s.th.); to lower, strike ( a flag); to down; to call down, invoke ( s.th.); to
relieve, divest, discharge ( s.o. of), make ( s.o.) descend; to call upon s.o. ()
depose, dethrone ( s.o.); to to waive or forgo ( s.th.); to force ( the
unload ( s.th.); to grant hospitality ( to beleaguered) to surrender; to deduct,
s.o.). receive hospitably, take in, put up, subtract (~ 0 s.th. from)
lodge, accumulate ( s.o.); to deduct nazl pl. nuzl, nuzl
subtract ( s.th. from); to insert, inlay ( quarters, lodging; hotel, inn; -- (pl.
s.th. in. e.g., ivory in wood); (Tun.) nuzl) small tribal unit (of Bedouins);
to cede ( s.th.) on the basis of inzl (q.v.) camp, camp site (of nomads, gypsies)
( darajatah) to demote s.o.,
reduce s.o. in rank III to get into a fight, nuzl pl. anzl food served to a
join issue, clash ( with s.o.) IV to bring guest
 nazla putting up, stopping, stop, inlaying, inlay work t. ar-
stay, arrival al-ajj (eg.) rutba or t. al-maqm, demotion,
festival of the return of the mahmal from reduction in rank; ( naqd)
Mecca (celebrated in the months of Safar currency devaluation
or Rabia I) nizl and munzala lining up
nazla pl. nazalt cold; catarrh for battle; encounter, battle, fight
( uabya) bronchial catarrh; inzl bringing down, lowering;
( adrya) bronchitis; landing, debarkation, disembarkation;
influenza (med.) ejaculation of sperm; (pl. -t) lease
nizla settlement, colony contract for life over a habous estate
(Tun.) ( bar) launching (of
nuzl descending, descent;
a ship); ( amal)
dismounting. alighting; getting off or out
commissioning (of a ship)
(of a vehicle), disembarkation,
debarkation; landing (of an airplane); tanzul condescension; yielding,
arrival; putting up, stopping, stop, relenting; relinquishment, surrender,
stopover, stay; cession, surrender, waiver, renunciation; transfer, assignment,
relinquishment, renunciation, resignation; cession; resignation, abdication; lining up
falling, fall, drop; sinking; decline in for battle; struggle, fight, battle
prices, price slump according adam at-t. relentlessness,
to, in accordance with, in deference to; intransigence; aqd at-t. deed of
( ragbatih) in compliance cession
with his wish, in deference to his wish, at
istinzl deduction, discount
his request; ( alabih) in
compliance with his demand, in nzil living, resident
accordance with his request; n. nzila pl. nawzil occurrence,
al-maar rainfall event; mishap, accident, calamity, reverse,
nuzl relative to decline (in blow of fate; (tun.) (judicial) case, legal
prices and stocks), recessive, falling, action ( madanya; tun.) civil
sinking action; ( tun.) records of a
lawsuit; qism an-n. (tun.)
nazl pl. nuzal2 guest; division for contentious matters (of a court
stranger; lodger, boarder; inmate; of justice); ( tun.) to take legal
occupant, tenant action, commence a lawsuit
manzil pl. manzil2 stopping manzl (eg.) a kind of narcotic
place, way station, camp site; apartment,
fiat; house; lunar phase; see also under manzl (egs.) narcotic addict,
verb I resthouse; dope addict
m. al-lahw wa-l-lab amusement munazzal inlaid (with ivory or a
centers; ahl al-m. household, precious metal)
family; landlord 957
munzal sent down (from heaven),
manzil domestic, house (adj.); revealed
private; household (adj.)
mutanzil abdicating, resigning;
manzila degree, grade, rank; one who waives, cedes or asap a right,
position, status, standing; dignity; see also assignor
under verb I and IV
mustanzil lessee on the basis of
tanzl sending down, bringing inzl (Tun.; see above)
down; revelation, inspiration; reduction,
diminution, lowering, lessening, decrease; to rock, dandle (a baby)
-- (pl. -t) reduction (of prices); nazuha u ( nazha) to be far ( from),
subtraction (arith.); deduction, discount; be untouched. unblemished ( by), be
 free ( from); to steer clear ( of), keep
away, refrain ( from, esp., from a base
or dishonorable action); -- naziha a to be
respectable, honorable, decent II to deem
or declare ( s.o.) above s.th. ( )V =
nazuha; to be (far) above s.th. ( ;)to go
for a walk, take a walk, promenade, stroll
about; to go out, to amuse o.s., enjoy o.s.,
have a good time
nazih and nazh pl.
nuzah2, nizh pure, chaste,
blameless, above reproach, of
unblemished record, decent, honorable,
respectable; honest, upright. righteous;
scrupulous, correct; impartial
nazah and nazha purity,
blamelessness, honesty; uprightness,
righteousness, probity, integrity,
respectability; impartiality
nuzha pl. nuzah, -t walk,
stroll, promenade; pleasure ride; outing,
excursion, pleasure trip; recreation;
amusement. entertainment, diversion, fun;
excursion spot, picnic ground, sight-
seeing spot, tourist attraction 958
manzaha pl. manzih2 lay ( or
recreation ground, park, garden
tanzh elimination of
anthropomorphic elements from the
conception of deity, deanthropomorphism
(theol.)
tanazzuh pl. -t walk, stroll,
promenade
munazzah infallible, free (
from), (far) above s.th. ()
mutanazzih pl. -n walker, stroller,
promenader; excursionist
mutanazzah promenade, walk,
stroll, park
muntazah pl. -t promenade, walk,
stroll; recreation ground; park
1
) )naz u ( nazw, nuzw, proportionate, match, fit together, go
nazawn) to spring, jump, leap, bound; --
( nazawn) to escape ( s.th.) conformity, in accordance, to tally, check
( qalbuh) to long, yearn for V to ( with), be conformable ( to) VIII to
spring, jump, leap, bound; to be in a state
of great commotion, be violently agitated,
to heave, tremble (breast)
nazawn sally, sortie; outburst,
outbreak, eruption
nazwa pl. nazawt (n. vic.) jump,
leap, bound; sally, sortie; outburst,
outbreak, eruption; surge, dare, dare-up;
impetuosity, violence, vehemence; fit,
attack, paroxysm; sudden mood, caprice,
whim
2
and look up alphabetically
nasaa a ( nas) to put off,
postpone, delay, defer, procrastinate (
s.th.), -- ( nas) to allow ( s.o.) time
to pay, grant ( s.o.) credit IV = I
nas long life, longevity
nis women, see
nasa credit, delay of payment,
nasatan on credit
minsaa stick, staff
nasaba u i (nasab, nisba) to relate,
refer ( s.th. to), link, correlate, bring
into relation ( s.th. with), to trace (
s.th. to s.o. as the originator, s.o.s
ancestry to); to ascribe, attribute, impute.
s.th. to s.o.), charge ( or
with s.th. s.o.), accuse ( or of s.th.
s.o.) III to stand in the same relationship (
to s.o.); to correspond ( to s.o., to
s.th.), tally ( with s.th.), to suit, fit (
s.o., s.th.), go ( , with), become, befit,
behoove ( s.o.); to harmonize, agree, be
in keeping, be compatible, consistent (
with), to be similar ( to s.o., to s.th.),
resemble ( , s.o., s.th.), be like s.o. or
s.th. ( , ;)to be in agreement, in
conformity, in accordance. to tally, check
( with), be conformable ( to), to be of
the same family ( as), be or become
related by marriage ( to) VI to be related
to one another, be relatives; to be alike, be
akin, be mutually corresponding, be
interrelated, be in agreement or
conformity, be in the right proportion, be
together; to be in agreement, in
be related ( to s.o.); to derive ones
origin ( from), trace ones ancestry (
to), to derive one's name ( from), be
named ( after), to belong, pertain, be
relative ( to), to be associated ( with),
belong ( to a clan, a party, a faction,
etc.); to attach o.s. ( to), associate,
affiliate ( with), to join ( e.g., a
political party), to be admitted ( to a
community), be affiliated ( with, esp.,
as an extraordinary, not a full, member) X
to trace back the ancestry ( of s.o.), to
deem 959 proper ( s.th.), approve ( of),
sanction, condone ( s.th.)
nasab pl. ansib lineage,
descent; origin. extraction, derivation,
provenience; kinship, relationship,
affinity, relationship by marriage
silsilat an-n. family tree, pedigree,
ancestral line, genealogy; balance, evenness; uniformity; regularity,
ulam al-a. genealogists
nisba ascription, attribution,
imputation; kinship, relationship, affinity,
relationship by marriage; connection, link;
agreement, conformity, affinity; -- (pl.
nisab) relation, reference, bearing; ratio,
rate; measure; proportion (math.);
percentage; adjective denoting descent or
origin, ending in ( nisbatan)
and ( or) in respect to, with relative (to), concerning, regarding (s.o. or
regard to, regarding, concerning, as to; as
compared with, in comparison with; in
relation to, with reference to; for, to;
in proportion to, in keeping
with, in accordance with, according to,
corresponding to, commensurate with;
al-maut death rate;
(miawya) percentage
nisb relative, comparative;
percentual, percentile; proportional;
nisbyan relatively ( wazn)
specific gravity
nisbya relativity
nisb genealogist
nasb erotic introduction of the
ancient Arabic kasida; -- (pl. ,
ansib2) relative, kinsman (by mania~e);
brother-in-law; son-in-law; descending
from a distinguished family, patrician,
highborn, noble
ansab2 more adequate, more
appropriate, more suitable, better
qualified, fitter
mun<isaba suitability,
suitableness, appropriateness, aptness,
adequacy; fitness; correlation, analogy,
correspondence; kinship, relationship.
affinity; (pl. -t) relation, reference,
bearing, relevancy, pertinence; link;
connection; occasion, opportunity
or or on the occasion of;
in this connection;
due to these circumstances, for this
reason, therefore, consequently, hence;
whenever an opportunity arises,
at every suitable occasion
tansub proportional relation,
proportionality; proportionateness,
symmetry; harmony; O proportion,
mathematical equation; reciprocal
relationship, interrelation; link, connection
adam at-t. disproportion
intisb membership; affiliation
student by affiliation
mansb related, brought into
relation; attributed, ascribed, imputed (
to s.o.); belonging, pertaining ( to);
s.th.); -- (pl. mansb2) level,
altitude; water level m. al-
bar sea level; ( liya) high
water levels, high waters
mansbya nepotism
munsib suitable, fitting,
appropriate, proper, adequate;
corresponding, commensurate;
correspondent, congruous, analogous,
conformable; proportional (math.)
mutansib proportionate,
properly proportioned; proportional;
mutually corresponding, analogous
even, regular, symmetrical
muntasib member, affiliate
( uw) associate (e.g., of an
academy)
nst human nature, humanity 960
nasaja u i (nasj) to weave ( s.th.); to knit
( minwlih) to imitate s.o.,
follow in s.o.s tracks, walk in s.o.s
footsteps, act or proceed like s.o.;
(nasjah) do. VIII to be woven
 nasj weaving; fabric, texture
al-kayl fabling, flight of fancy
nassj weaver
nisja art of weaving; weavers
trade, textile industry
nasj pl. nusj, ansija,
ansj texture, web, tissue (also
anat.); woven fabric, textile
(kalaw) cellular tissue (anat.);
n. al-ankabt spiders web,
cobweb; n. wadih unique in his
(its) kind, singular, unparalleled;
n. arih unique in his (its) time
mansaj, mansij pl. mansij
weavers shop, weaving mill
minsaj loom
mansj woven; woven fabric,
textile; texture, tisane, web; pl.
woven goods, dry goods, textiles
nasaka a (nask) to delete ( s.th.);
to abolish ( s.th.); to abrogate, invalidate
( s.th.); to repeal, revoke, withdraw (
s.th.); to cancel ( a contract); to replace (
s.th. by), substitute ( for s.th. s.th.
else); to transcribe, copy ( s.th.) III to
supersede, supplant, replace ( s.th.), take
the place ( of s.th.) V to be deleted,
abolished, abrogated, invalidated VI to
succeed, each other, follow successively;
to pass from one body into another,
transmigrate (soul) VIII to abolish, cancel,
abrogate, invalidate (s.th.); to transcribe,
copy ( s.th.) X to demand the abolition (
of s.th.); to transcribe, copy ( s.th.)
nask abolition, abolishment,
abrogation, cancellation, invalidation;
copying, transcription qalam
an-n. Neskhi ductus (see below);
duplicating machine, mimeograph;
copying press
nask Neskhi, the ordinary cursive
Arabic script, the common calligraphic
style
nuska pl. nusak transcript;
copy (also, e.g., of a book, of a
newspaper, etc.)
nasssk pl. nasska copyist, disposed VI do.; to be geared to each
transcriber; scribe, scrivener, clerk
tansuk succession;
transmigration of souls, metempsychosis
istinsk copying, transcription
nsik pl. nusssk abrogative,
abolishing; copyist, transcriber
Koranic verse which abrogates and
supersedes another verse
mansk abrogated (Koranic
verse)
V to get torn; to break, snap X to become
eagle-like
nasr pl. nusr, nusra
eagle; vulture
nusrya eagle
nsr pl. nawsir2 fistula,
tumor
minsar, mansir, pl. mansir2
beak (of predatory birds); band, gang,
group, troop
nusr pl. nasira Nestorian
nusg sap (of a plant)
nasafa i (nasf) to pulverize, atomize,
spray ( s.th.); to carry away and scatter
(wind -- the dust); to blow up, blast (
s.th.); O to torpedo ( a ship) IV to 961
scatter (esp., wind -- the dust) VIII to raze
( s.th.); to blow up, blast ( s.th.)
nasf blowing up, blasting;
destruction, demolition
nussf pl. nassf a variety
of swallow; rhinoceros hornbill (zool.)
nusfa chaff
nassfa pl. -t torpedo boat
minsaf and minsafa pl.
mansif2 winnow
nsif and nsifa explosive,
dynamite
nasaqa u (nasq) and II to string ( pearls);
to put in proper order, arrange nicely,
range, array, order, marshal, dispose (
s.th.); to set up, line up ( s.th.) V to be
well-ordered, be in proper order, be nicely
arranged; to be arranged, arrayed,
 other, be well-coordinated (weapons) VIII
=V
nask ordering, successive
arrangement, lining up, alignment
nasaq order, array, layout,
arrangement, disposition; connection,
succession, sequence; manner, mode,
system, method; symmetry; nasaqan
in regular order, in rows in the
manner of; in the same
manner, equally, evenly, uniformly;
conjunctions (gram.)
nasq well-ordered, well-arranged,
regular, even, uniform
tansq ordering, arraying; setting
up, drawing up; distribution, disposition;
arrangement; systematic arrangement;
planned economy ( dkil)
interior decoration
tanassuk uniformity
tansuk order; symmetry; procreation, generation, reproduction
harmony
munasaq well-ordered, well-
arranged; staggered (troop formation);
harmonious
mutansiq well-ordered, well- venereal disease
arranged, regular, symmetrical
nasaka u and nasuka u ( naska) to
lead a devout life; to live the life of an
ascetic V do.; to be pious, devout,
otherworldly
nask, nusk, nusuk piety,
devoutness; asceticism; reclusion
nusuk ascetic (adj.)
nusuk sacrifice; ceremonies (of the
pilgrimage)
nsik pl. nussk hermit, of life
recluse, penitent; ascetic; pious man,
devotee
mansik pl. mansik2 person, soul (e.g., in a census, as a
hermitage, cell of an ascetic; place of
sacrifice; ceremony, ritual, esp., during
the pilgrimage
nasala u (nasl) to beget, procreate, sire,
father ( children); -- u to pluck out (
s.th.); to pluck ( s.th.); to ravel out,
unravel, untwist, fray ( s.th.); to molt; (
nusl) to fall out (hair, feathers) II to
separate into fibers, to shred, ravel (
rags); to unravel, undo ( a woven or
knitted fabric) IV to beget, procreate, sire,
father ( children); to molt; to fall out
(hair, feathers) VI to propagate, breed,
reproduce, multiply; to beget offspring; to
descend, be descended ( from)
nasl pl. ansl progeny,
offspring, issue, descendants
birth control; ( art) the
civilization of mankind
nusla fibrous waste, thrums;
ravelings; lint
O nassla raveling machine,
willow 962
nasla brood animal
O nasla offprint, reprint
insl procreation, generation
tansul sexual propagation,
sexual organs, genitals;
uf at-t. sexual impotence
tansul procreative, propagative;
genital, sexual ( mara)
tansulyt sexual organs
nasama i (nasm, nasamn) to
blow gently II to commence, start, begin
( s.th.) V to blow; to breathe; to
inhale ( s.th.); to-exhale ( a fragrant
smell), smell pleasantly, be redolent (
of), be fragrant ( with)
(kabara) to nose around for news, sniff
out the news
nasam pl. ansm breath; breath
nasama pl. -t breath; whiff, waft;
breeze; O aura; breathing, living creature;
numerative in statistics)
nasm pl. nism, nasim2
breath of air, fresh air; wind, breeze
amm an-n. Egyptian popular holiday
celebrated on the Monday following
Greek-Coptio Easter
 mansim pl. mansim2 foot to develop, evolve ( dtyan)
sole, padded foot (of animals) to start by iteslf, arise spontaneously,
come about automatically 963 II to cause
mutanassim (with foll. genit.)
to grow; to bring up, raise ( a child) IV
place where s.th. blows, is exhaled,
to cause ( s.th.) to rise; to create, bring
emanates, or exudes
into being ( s.th., of God); to bring forth,
nans, nisns pl. nasnis2 a produce, generate, engender ( s.th.), give
fabulous creature of the woods, having rise ( to s.th.); to make, manufacture,
one leg and one arm; (eg.) monkey fabricate ( s.th.); to build, construct (
niswa, niswn and nis women s.th.); to call into existence, originate,
(pl. of ) start, found, establish, organize. institute (
s.th.); to set up, erect ( s.th.); to install
nisaw and nis female, ( s.th.); to compose, draw up ( a piece
feminine, womanly, womens; of writing), write ( a book); to bring up,
womens affairs, things belonging to a raise, rear ( a child); to begin, start,
womans world commence, initiate ( s.th.) V to grow,
nisya feminist movement develop, spread, gain ground X to search,
ask, look ( for news)
nasiya a (nasy, nisyn) to forget (
s.th.) m ansa l ans (lit.: na youth; new generation
whatever I may forget, I shall not forget, the young generation
i.e.) I shall never forget; sometimes also: naa growing up, upgrowth,
( ans) and ( in) I growth; early life. youth; rise, birth,
shall never forget IV to make ( s.o.) formation, genesis; origin; youth, young
forget ( s.th.) VI to pretend to have generation; culture, refinement;
forgotten ( s.th.); to forget, neglect, omit upbringing. background (of a person)
( s.th.), become oblivious ( of) ( mustanafa) rebirth,
nasy oblivion, forgetfulness; s.th. renaissance
one hal forgotten abaa nusii growing, growth,
nasyan mansyas to be completely development, evolution O
forgotten, fall into utter oblivion madhab an-n. wa-t-taraqq theory
nasy, nass and nisyn2 of evolution, evolutionism
forgetful, oblivious O an-nuyn the
nisyn oblivion, forgetfulness evolutionists
mansy forgotten; pl. ( as mana place of origin or up-
opposed to )things once growth; birth place, home town, home;
memorized and now forgotten fatherland, homeland, native country;
origin, rise, birth, formation, genesis;
naa i (na, nas) to sizzle, simmer, source, springhead, fountainhead;
bubble, boil up; to hiss; -- to drive away beginning, start, onset
flies
tan upbringing, education
waraq na blotting paper
tania upbringing, education
minaa fly whisk
in creation; origination;
naaa a and naa u ( na, bringing about; setting up. Establishment,
nu, naa) to rise, rise aloft, organization, institution; formation;
emerge, appear, loom up; to come into making, manufacture, production;
being, come into existence, originate, erection; building, construction; founding,
form, arise, come about, crop up; to foundation; installation; composition,
proceed, spring ( or from), grow out compilation, writing; letter writing; style,
( or of); to follow, ensue, result, art of composition; essay, treatise
derive ( or from); to grow, grow up; ( askarya) military
 installations; idat al-i. to s.o. verses) VI to recite verses to
reconstruction each other X to ask ( s.o.) to recite verses
in creative; constructive; nad and unda pl.
relating to composition or style; stylistic; naid2, and, and2 song;
editing, editorial ( barnmaj) hymn, anthem or
production program; ( qia) the Song of Solomon, the Song of Songs;
exercise in composition; ( umam) the International;
theme, composition ( ams) rallying song;
(askar) soldiers song, marching song;
ni growing, growing up;
military march; ( qaum) or
arising, originating, proceeding,
( waan) national anthem;
emanating, springing, resulting (or from);
(lail) serenade; ( malak) royal
beginner; (in sports) junior; youngster,
anthem
youth
munada urgent request, earnest
nia youth, rising generation
appeal, adjuration
muni creating; creative; creator;
ind recitation, recital
organizer, promoter, founder; author,
writer mand sought, aspired, desired,
munaa pl. -t creation, product, pursued (aim, objective)
work, OpUs; foundation, establishment; munid singer
installation; institution, institute; pl. nudir and ndir ammonia
installations (e.g., industrial, military)
1 naara u (nar) to spread out ( s.th.); to
naiba a (nab, nuba, nub) unfold, open ( s.th.); to unroll ( s.th.);
to be fixed, be attached, cling, stick, to hoist ( a flag); -- u i to spread, diffuse,
adhere ( to); to attend ( s.th.), be emit ( e.g., a scent); to announce
incident ( to); to get involved ( in), publicly, publicize ( s.th.); to publish (
meddle ( with); to break out (war) a book, an advertisement, etc.); to
or not to hesitate II and IV to propagate, spread ( s.th.); -- u (nar,
stick on, paste on, attach, fix, insert ( nur) to resurrect from the dead ( s.o.);
s.th.) -- to saw apart ( s.th.) II to spread out,
nab property, possession unfold ( s.th.) IV to resurrect from the
dead ( s.o.) V to be spread out, be
nub clinging, adherence ( to);
unfolded; to spread VIII to be spread out,
outbreak
be unfolded; to spread (news, a disease,
nab arrow maker; archer, etc.); to spread out, extend, expand; to be
bowman propagated, be conveyed (waves); to be
nub (coll.; n. un. )pl. diffused, be scattered, be dispersed, be
nab2 arrows thrown into disorder; O to fan out, extend
(mil.)
muntaib fierce, violent (battle)
2
nar unfolding; spreading,
look up alphabetically 964 diffusion; propagation; promulgation;
naaja i ( naj) to sob publication; notification, announcement;
resurrection n. ad-dawa
naada u (nad, nada, nidn) to propaganda; .r;J1 r.J! lIa..m ann. Day of
seek ( s.th.), look, search ( for); to Resurrection; publishing house
adjure, implore ( s.o. by, e.g., allaha
by God) III to adjure, implore ( or nara pl. naart (public) notice,
s.o. to do s.th., s.o. by, e.g., proclamation; publication; report, account;
allha by God) IV to seek ( s.th.), look, announcement; advertisement; circular;
search ( for); to sing ( s.th.); to recite ( leaflet, pamphlet, handbill; periodical;
order, ordinance, decree, edict
 or ( ikbrya) newscast, niz protruding, elevated, raised;
news (radio); ( daurya)
periodical publication;
(usbya) weekly publication, weekly
paper; newsreel; ( jawwya)
weather report (radio); naia a ( na) to be lively,
(ka) prospectus, price list;
(rasmya) official publication, bulletin;
( ahrya) monthly publication;
O ( yaumya) order of the day
(mil.)
nar sawyer
nira (activity of) sawing
nura sawdust
nur resurrection ( iqlih) to be freed from
yaum an-n. Day of Resurrection
minr pl. manr2 saw unshackled; -- naafa u (naf) to tie a knot
intir spreading, spread,
diffusion, diffusiveness
nir publisher
manr spread abroad.
propagated, made public, published; sawn
(apart); -- (pl. -t, manr2) leaflet,
pamphlet, handbill; circular; prospectus;
proclamation; order, ordinance, decree,
edict; prism (math.) 965
look up alphabetically
muntair spreading, spread out;
widespread, current, rife; prevailing,
prevalent, predominant
naaza u i (naz) to be elevated, be
located high above; to rise; -- ( nuz)
to be recalcitrant, disobedient (
toward her husband; said of a woman); to
treat (a wife) brutally (said of a man) IV
to restore to life, revive, reanimate (
s.th.)
naaz pl. anz elevated place,
high ground
naz dissonance, discord
nuz animosity, hostility;
antipathy; dissonance, discord; (sl. Law)
violation of marital duties on the part of
either husband or wife, specif.,
recalcitrance of the woman toward her
husband, and brutal treatment of the wife
by the husband
jarring, dissonant, discordant; recalcitrant
niza pl. nawiz2
recalcitrant woman, shrew, termagant
animated, brisk, sprightly, vivacious,
spirited, active, eager, keen, zealous,
brave, cheerful, gay; to display vim and
energy ( in some work), be energetic
and active, work energetically and
actively ( for, toward); to be in the
mood ( for), feel like doing s.th. ( ;)to
be glad, enthusiastic ( about); to apply
o.s. eagerly, attend actively ( to some
activity), embark briskly ( upon s.th.)
ones shackles, be unfettered, be
( in a rope), knot (. a rope) II and IV
to incite, spur on, enliven, stimulate,
activate, excite ( s.o., s.th.); to
strengthen, invigorate, animate, inspirit,
energize ( s.o.), impart vim and energy (
to s.o.), encourage, embolden ( s.o., to
do s.th.); to knot, tie up ( s.th.) V to be
lively, animated, brisk, sprightly,
vivacious, spirited, active, eager, keen,
zealous, brave, cheerful, gay; to display
vim and energy ( in some work), be
energetic and active, work energetically
and actively ( for, toward); to be in the
mood ( for), feel like doing s.th. ()
nai lively, animated, spirited,
brisk, sprightly, vivacious, agile, nimble;
stirring, bustling, busy, enterprising,
energetic, active
naa energy; eagerness, ardor,
zeal
na briskness, sprightliness,
liveliness, animation, vivacity; agility,
alacrity, eagerness, ardor, zeal, energy,
vim, activeness; activity; lively activity,
action, operation; strength, power
(physical and mental); vigor, vital energy,
vitality ( jaww) aerial activity;
( i) radioactivity;
radioactive;
(mawd2) radioactive substances,
radioactive matter; active;
inactive, dull, listless (stock market)
 na pl. ni brisk, lively,
spirited, animated, cheerful, gay; stirring,
bustling, busy, active, energetic; glad,
happy, enthusiastic ( about), actively
devoted ( to) ( jins) the
stronger sex
2
una pl. an knot, steal, pilfer ( s.th.); to extricate (from
slipknot, bow, noose
mana pleasant thing
tan encouragement, incitement;
stimulation; enlivening, animation,
activation 966
ni brisk, lively, spirited,
animated, cheerful, gay; stirring, bustling,
busy, active, energetic
muni spur, incentive, impetus,
stimulus
naaa a (na) to tear out, tear off (
s.th.) VIII do.
na leakage water, seepage
munaa sodden, soggy, soaked,
drenched, soaking wet
naafa u (naf) to suck up, absorb (
s.th.); -- nasifa a to dry, dry up, dry out,
become dry II to dry, make dry ( s.th.);
to wipe (dry), rub dry ( s.th.)
(rqah) to exert o.s., toil hard; to pester,
molest s.o. V = nasifa; to wipe o.s. dry; to
be wiped dry, be dried
naaf desiccation, dryfless
naf blotting paper
nafa sheet of blotting paper,
blotting pad; blotter; towel
minafa pl. manif towel;
cleaning rag; napkin
tanfdrying
nif desiccated, dried up, dry;
hard, stiff, tough
naiqa a (naq and naaq) to smell, sniff,
inhale ( sth.); to suff up the nosrils(
s.th.) II and IV to give ( s.o. s.th.) to
smell, make ( s.o.) inhale ( s.th.) V and
VIII to inhale, breathe in; to snuff up the
nostrils ( s.th.) ( hawa) to stipulate ( s.th.), provide ( for),
get some fresh air X = I; to nose around (
for), sniff out ( s.th.)
naq, tanauq and
istinq inhaling, inhalation
naq, nuq snuff
tanqa pinch of snuff
naala u (na) to take away, snatch away,
dangers, difficulties, etc.), liberate,
deliver, save ( s.o.) VIII to extricate; to
raise, raise aloft; to gather up, pick up
(shipwrecked persons, etc.), save, rescue (
s.o.)
nal pickpocketing, pickpocketry
nal pickpocket
nin and nn pl. nayn2
sign; mark; aim, goal; target; decoration,
medal. order; ('1/.) bridal attire
naanj and nanj
marksman, good shot, sharpshooter
niankh sight (of a gun)
nanaa to be nimble, swift, brisk, adroit,
dexterous, agile, active; to boil up, sizzle,
simmer, bubble II tananaa to be nimble
and dexterous; to revive, recover, pick up
( and ( naiya a ( nawa, nuwa,
niwa) to be or become intoxicated, be or
become drunk II to starch ( clothes,
linen) VIII to become intoxicated X to
smell ( a scent), to inhale ( a breeze)
nawa fragrance, aroma, scent,
perfume; intoxication, drunkenness;
frenzy, delirium n. a-arab
rapture, elation, exultation, enthusiasm,
ecstasy
naan scent, perfume; starch,
cornstarch
na starch, cornstarch
naaw starchy; pl. starchy
foodstuffs
naawn2, f. naw, pl.
naw intoxicated, drunk; enraptured,
elated, exultant, flushed
inti intoxication 967
naa u (na) to fix, lay down, appoint,
specify, determine ( or s.th.), define
( s.th.); to fix or determine the text (
of s.th.), draw up, compose ( a letter); to the utmost ( in) II to set up, set upright,
arrange, stack, pile up in layers ( s.th.); rear, raise, lift up ( s.th.); to install (
to set up, line up ( s.th.) s.o. as), appoint ( s.o. to an office)
pl. text; wording, version; ( udnaihi) to prick up ones ears III
to be hostile ( to s.o.), fight, combat,
passage, word, phrase, sentence, clause;
oppose ( s.o.), display enmity
expression, manner of expression,
( arba) to declare war on s.o.;
language, phraseology, style; provision,
( arra) to show o.s. openly hostile to
term, stipulation, condition; arrangement;
s.o., open hostilities against s.o.;
manifestation, evidence verbatim,
( ada) to declare o.s. the enemy of
bi-n. wa-faih in the very
s.o. IV to tire, fatigue, wear out, exhaust (
words, ipsissimis verbis, literally,
s.o.); to fix a share or allotment ( for s.o.)
precicely; naan wa-ran in
VIII to rise up, straighten up, draw o.s. up;
letter and spirit
to plant o.s.; to rise; to get up, stand up,
nua pl. nua, forelock get on ones feet; to stand upright, be in a
mina pl. -t, man2 raised vertical position; to be set up, be raised; to
platform, dais, tribune, podium; bridal be appointed ( to an office), hold an
throne; easel m. al-ukm office (( ;)gram.) to be pronounced with
position of power; rostrum a (final consonant), be in nab (accusative
or subjunctive) ( li-l-ukm) to
tan quotation sit in judgment
almt at-t. quotation marks
setting up, putting up, placing;
man alaihi fixed, erection; planting, raising (e.g., of a
appointed, stipulated, provided for, flagstaff); appointment, installation,
specified; determined; laid down in investiture; pronunciation of a final
writing consonant with a; the putting a noun in the
naaba u (nab) to raise, rear, accusative, or a verb in the subjunctive
erect, set up, put up ( s.th.); to prepare, (gram.); disease, illness; (eg.) swindle,
get ready, fit up ( s.th.); to pitch ( a trickery, skulduggery, deception, fraud
tent); to plant, raise ( a standard, a nab pl. anb s.th. planted
flagstaff), hoist ( a flag); to plant ( a in the ground, set up, or erected; plants
tree); O to level, aim ( a cannon); to (coll.) 968
appoint to an office, install in an official
position; to show, manifest, display ( nub, nuub pl. anb
toward s.o., evil, enmity); to direct, aim statue; idol, graven image; monument
( s.th., e.g., criticism, against or at ( tadkr) monument, cenotaph
s.o.); (eg.) to cheat, swindle, dupe, gull, nuba (prep.) in front of, opposite,
deceive ( s.o.); (gram.) to pronounce (a facing ( ainayya) before my
final consonant) with the vowel a; to put eyes; ( )( ainaihi) to
(a noun) in the accusative, put (a verb) in direct ones attention to ..., have ... in view
the subjunctive ( arba) to
naab exertion, strain, hardship,
declare war on s.o.; ( arakan)
or ( fakkan) to set a trap for s.o.; fatigue; (pl. anb) flag planted in
( kamnan) to prepare an the ground
ambush for s.o.; ( makdatan) to naba pl. -t plant
devise a clever plan, hatch a plot; -- nuba post; pale, stake, pier,
naaba u (nab) to distress, trouble,
buttress, pillar; signpost, guidepost
fatigue, wear out, exhaust (disease or
sorrow; s.o.); to jade ( s.o.) nib origin, beginning; (Isl.
( anfusahum) they made every effort in Law) minimum amount of property liable
order to ..., they struggled hard to ...; -- to payment of the zakh tax; minimum
naiba a (naab) to be tired, fatigued, number or amount; quorum; (pl. -t,
jaded, worn out, exhausted; to exert o.s. to nuub) sword hilt, knife handle, saber
guard in its proper place, in naata i (nat) and IV to listen, hearken,
good order, perfectly all right; give ear ( or to s.o., to s.th.) V to try
( istaqarrat) things were to hear; to eavesdrop, listen secretly
straightened out, returned to normal;
mutanait eavesdropper
( aqqa) to restore justice;
( ( )radda, ada naaa a (na, nu, naa,
amran) to straighten s.th. out, set a matter naa) to give ( s.o.) sincere
right; ( hudu) peace has advice, advise, counsel ( s.o., to do
been restored; ( itmman) so as s.th.), admonish. exhort; -- a (na,
to complete the number, in order to round nu) to be sincere; to mean well ( with
off the amount s.o.), wish s.o. ( )well, be well-disposed,
show good will ( toward s.o.); to act in
nab fraud, cheat, sharper, good faith ( toward s.o.) III to give (
swindler, impostor; deceitful, fraudulent s.o.) sincere advice; to be sincere in ones
nab pl. nuub, intentions ( toward s.o.) VI to be loyal
anib2, aniba share, participation and sincere toward each other VIII to take
( in); share of profits, dividend; luck, good advice, follow an advice X to 969
chance; fate, lot to fall to ask ( s.o.) for advice, be advised ( by
s.o.s share or lot; to be so s.o.), consult ( s.o.)
fortunate as to ..., have the good fortune to na, nu good advice;
...; ( ikfqu) to have counseling, counsel; guidance
bad luck in s.th., draw a blank;
( wfirin) to have an ample na sincere; faithful adviser
share in ... naa pl. nai2 sincere
y-nab lottery advice; friendly admonition, friendly
reminder to give a word of
manib pl. manib2 place
advice
where s.th. is planted, set up, or erected;
office, dignity, rank, position, poet na sincere, true, faithful, loyal
or high dignitaries istin consultation
2
minab pl. manib ni pl. nu,
kitchen range, cookstove nuah sincere; good counselor, sincere
tanb appointment, nomination; adviser
installation, induction (in an official naara u (nar, nur) to help, aid,
position) assist ( s.o. against); to render
intib raising, rearing, righting; victorious, let triumph ( s.o. over; of
setting up, putting up; erection God); to deliver ( s.o. from), keep,
protect, save II to Christianize, convert to
nib tiring, wearisome, Christianity ( s.o.) III to help, aid, assist,
exhausting; -- (pl. nawib2) word support, defend, protect ( s.o.) V to try to
governing the subjunctive (gram.) help, seek to support ( s.o.), stand up for
manb erected; set-up, raised; s.o. ( ;)to become a Christian VI to
planted in the ground; fixed, fastened, render mutual assistance, help each other
attached; installed in office; leveled, VIII to come to s.o.s ( )aid, be on s.o.s (
aimed (cannon; at); (pl. -t) word in )side, side with s.o. ( ;)to be victorious;
the accusative or subjunctive to gain a victory, to triumph ( over); to
take revenge ( on) X to ask ( s.o.) for
muntaib set upright, set-up,
assistance
raised, planted in the ground; erected;
upright, erect, straight, vertical, nar help, aid, assistance, support,
perpendicular backing; victory; triumph
nura help, aid, assistance,
support, backing
 narn pl. nar naa purity; clearness, clarity
Christian (also. e.g., of argumentation, of
narnya Christianity expression) 970
ni pure, clear; plain, evident,
nar pl. nuar2 helper;
supporter, defender, protector; ally, obvious, ostensible, manifest, patent;
white n. al-bay
canfederate; adherent, follower, partisan;
furtherer, promoter, patron snowwhite; ( aqq) plain truth;
approx.: they have a clean slate,
an-nuairya the Ansarie, a their skirts are clean
gnostic sect in Syria
naafa u i (naf) to reach its midst (day),
nar pl. nawr2 fistula become noon II to divide in the middle,
manar pl. manir2 (eg.) bisect, halve ( s.th.) III to share ( with
band of robbers s.o.) half of s.th. (), go halves ( with
s.o. in), share equally ( with s.o. s.th.)
tanr Christianization; baptism IV to be just; to treat with justice ( s.o.),
munara assistance, help, aid, be just ( with s.o.); to see that justice is
support, backing, furtherance, promotion, done ( to s.o.), see that s.o. ( )gets his
patronage right; to treat without discrimination (
s.o.); to establish s.o.s ( )right ( in the
intir (pl. -t) victory, triumph; face of a rival or oppressor); to serve (
revenge s.o.) V to submit, subordinate o.s. ( to
nir pl. -n, anr, s.o.), serve ( s.o.); to demand justice VIII
nur helper; protector; granting victory to reach its midst, be in the middle, be
to help s.o. midway, be half over (day, night, month,
lifetime); to appeal for justice ( to),
anr (pl.) adherents, followers,
demand justice ( from); to do justice (
partisans, sponsors, patrons, friends;
to s.o.); to take vengeance, revenge o.s. (
the Medinan followers of
on) X to demand justice
Mohammed who granted him refuge after
the Hegira nif, pl. anf half, moiety;
middle semicircle;
an-nira Nazareth
ahr semimonthly; a.
nir of Nazareth; Nazarene al-adr demi-vierges; n. al-
manr supported, aided (by qird lemur; n. al-qur radius;
God); victorious, triumphant; victor; n. al-lail midnight; n.
El Mansra (city in N Egypt) an-nahr midday, noon;
al-qis nif as-sanaw the semiannual
munir helper, supporter, installment
defender, protector
nif (uninfl.) medium, middling;
muntair victorious, triumphant of medium size or quality; middle-aged
naaa a ( nu) to be clear, pure; to nif half-, semi-, hemi-, demi-
be plain, evident, obvious, manifest, ( timtl) bust; ( alal)
patent; to recognize ( s.th., esp., a claim hemiplegia; ( aman) hemianopia
or title) IV to recognize. acknowledge (
s.th.) naaf and naafa justice

nu whiteness; brightness (of a naf veil

color) tanf halving, bisection
na pure, clear; plain, evident, munafatan half of it (of them),
obvious, ostensible, manifest, patent by halves, half and half, by equal shares,
fifty-fifty
 inf justice, equity, fairness; dry up, run dry, peter out; to be exhausted,
just treatment be depleted, become less, diminish,
nif pl. nuf, naaf, decrease; to dwindle, decline; to die
naafa servant inexhaustible, incessant IV to
exhaust, drain, deplete, dry up ( s.th.)
munaif halving, bisecting,
nib pl. nuab dried up,
dividing into two equal parts
dry; arid, barren, sterile
munif a righteous, just man;
naija a (naj) to be or become ripe,
equitable, fair, just
ripen, mature (also fig., of an affair, of a
muntaaf middle personality, or the like); to be well-
halfway, midway; cooked, be or become well done (meat); to
: , half past nine; m. maturate (tumor) IV to bring to ripeness
al-lail midnight; m. an-nahr or maturity, make ripe, ripen ( s.th.); to
midday, noon let ( s.th.) ripen; to cook well, do well (
naala a u ( nul) to fall out, fall s.th.)
off, fall to the ground, drop; to fade naj, nuj ripeness, maturity
(color); to get rid ( of), free o.s. (
nuj ripeness, maturity
from) V to free o.s. ( from), rid o.s. (
of); to renounce, disavow, shirk ( s.th.), naj ripe, mature; well-cooked,
withdraw ( from); to wash ones hands well done (food)
of s.th. (), vindicate o.s. clear o.s.,
nij ripe, mature; well-cooked,
justify o.s. ( tabia) or well done (food)
( maslya) to refuse to take
the responsibility, evade or shirk the naaa i (na) to wet, moisten, sprinkle,
responsibility spray, splash ( s.th. with); to water (
plants); to slake, quench ( thirst); to
nal (coll.; n. un. )pl. nil, defend, protect ( s.th.); to justify,
anul, nul arrowhead, vindicate ( s.th.), answer ( for); -- a
spearhead; blade or a knife or sword; O (na) to exude or ooze a fluid ( ;)to
spread or surface of a leaf (bot.) sweat, perspire; to leak; to flow over (
nil falling, dropping; faded with); to shed, spill ( s.th.); to effuse (
s.th.)
naama icon, idol, graven image
O naa sprinkler
niya pl. nawin forelock; fore
part of the head; (street) corner minaa shower, douche
to seize, take by the forelock, tackle minaa pl. mani2
properly ( s.th.); to be or watering can; shower, douche
become muter of s.th., have or get s.th,
under control. muter or control s.th.; naada i (nad) to pile up, stack,
( imtalaka) do.; tier, arrange in layers ( s.th.); to put in
all hopes are pinned on him; order, array, arrange ( s.th.) II do.; to
ajar an-n. cornerstone, quoin 971 compose, set ( s.th.; typ.)
naa i (na, na) to ripple, naad pl. and, bedstead;
drip, percolate, ooze, leak, dribble, trickle pile, stack, rows, tiers (e.g., of sacks)
II to move, shake ( s.th.) nuud tables
na cash, hard money, specie, nad arranged one above the
coin; nasn in (hard) cash other, tiered, in rows, in layers; orderly,
ml n cash, hard money, tidy, regular
specie, coin nada pl. naid2 cushion,
naaba u ( nub) to seep away in pillow, mattress
the ground, be absorbed by the ground; to
 minada pl. -t, manid2
table; worktable, desk; bedstead;
framework, rack, stand
tand typesetting, composition
(typ.)
munaid pl. -n typesetter,
compositor (typ.)
munaad forming a regular
string, regularly set (esp., of teeth)
naara u, naira a and naura u ( exhaust, jades make lean ( a riding
nara, nur, naara) to be animal); to wear out, wear thin ( s.th.)
flourishing, blooming, verdant, fresh,
beautiful; to be bright, brilliant, luminous,
radiant II to make ( s.th.) shine; to make
( s.th.) bloom V to be verdant, blooming,
in blossom
nair flourishing, blooming,
verdant, fresh, radiant, glowing
nara bloom, dower, freshness;
glamour, splendor; beauty; health, vigor;
opulence, wealth
nur (pure) gold
nara bloom, dower, freshness;
youthfulness; gracefulness, grace; health,
vigor 972
nar flourishing, blooming,
verdant, fresh, radiant, glowing; gold
nir flourishing, blooming,
verdant, fresh, radiant, glowing, beautiful
naaf wild marjoram
naif dirty, unclean
naf dirty, unclean
naala u (nal) to surpass, beat, defeat (
s.o.) III to try to surpass ( s.o.), vie,
compete, contend, dispute (with s.o.); to
defend (.o.)s stand up for s.o. ( )VI to
vie with one another
nil struggle, strife, dispute,
controversy, fight, battle; contest,
competition: defense, defensive battle
nil combative, pugnacious
munala struggle, strife,
dispute, controversy, fight, battle; contest,
competition; defense, defensive battle
munil fighters combatant,
defender
nan hissing viciously, flicking its
tongue menacingly (snake)
) )na u (naw) to take off ( a
garment, ones clothes); to undress (
s.o.), to get undressed; (naw,
nuw) to dwindles wane, decline; to fade
(esp., color) II to take off ( a garment),
strip ( s.o.) of a garment ( )IV to
VIII to unsheathe (s a sword)
naw pl. an a worn,
tattered garment
niw pl. an lean
naa u (na) to spring, jumps leap; to skip,
hop
na jumping, jump n. al-
abl skipping the rope (childrens game);
l) broad jump
naa (n. vic.) jump, leap
na jumper; a variety of
grasshopper; restless, ftighty, lightheaded
naaa a (na) to push, thrust
(with the head or horns), butt III to bump (
on or against s.th.), ram ( s.th.); to
touch ( s.th.) VI and VIII to thrust or butt
one another; to struggle (with one another)
na push(ing), thrust(ing), butting;
el Nath, a star in the horn of Aries,
Arietis (astron)
naa (n. vic.) push, thrust, butt
na given to butting, a butter
na butted
munaa bullfight
ni: n. as-sab pl.
nawi as-s. skyscraper
naara u (nar, nira) to
watch, guard ( s.th.)
nar watch, guard, protection
nira watch, guard, protection
nur scarecrow
nir pl. nur, nuar2,
naara, nawir2 guard, keeper,
 warden (esp., of plantations and Majesty that ...; ( ukm)
vineyards), rural warden; lookout in a pronouncement of sentence;
ships crows-nest dumfounded, speechless
nr pl. nawr2 guard, nuq phonetic(al)
keeper, warden (esp., of plantations and
r niq pl. nuuq girths girdle,
vineyards), rural warden; lookout in a belt; O garrison belt; circle, ring,
ships crows-nest enclosure; limit, boundary; range, extent,
nra (syr.) (woman) chaperon scope, compass, sphere, domain, purview;
cordon n. al-jauz Orions
narn natron, esp., the native product
Belt (astron.); blockade ring;
of Egypt which is extracted from the salt
comprehensive; extensive, far-
lakes of Wd Narn northwest of Cairo
reaching; large-scale
V to examine thoroughly, investigate
maniq (faculty of) speech;
carefully, scrutinize ( s.th.); to possess
manner of speaking, diction, enunciation;
or employ much skill, be proficient ( in
eloquence; logic it is
s.th.) 973
illogical to ; ilm al-m. logic
nas, naus well-informed,
maniq logical; dialectic(al); --
knowledgeable, experienced, seasoned,
(pl. maniqa) logician; dialectician
skilled
minaq pl. maniq2 belt,
nas, nis well-informed,
knowledgeable, experienced, seasoned, girdle
skilled; (pl. nuus) a skilled, minaqa pl. maniq 2 belt,
experienced physician girdle; zone; vicinity, range, sphere,
pass. nuia to change colors, turn pale V district, area, territory; O (mil.) sector O
occupied territory;
to be pigheaded, obstinate
(rra) the Torrid Zones the tropics; O
na, ni pl. an, nu oil area, oil fields;
leather mat used as a tablecloth and the zodiac (astron.); m. al-
gaming boards in former times also during jauz Orions Belt (astron.); O
executions (arm) or prohibited area;
ni, nia pl. nu hard palate m. al-arb war zone; O
( urra) free zone; O
al-urf an-nia the (amm) dead zone (of radio waves);
sounds and ( phon.) ( inya) industrial area; O
naafa u i (naf, tanf, m. a-arb field of fire; O
naafn, nifa) to dribble, trickle ( kurawya) spherical zone;
( mutadilatn) the two
nufa pl. nuaf drop; sperm Temperate Zones; O
naaqa u (nuq, nuq, maniq) ( mujarrada, arbya)
to articulate; to talk, speak, utter ( s.th.); demilitarized zone; sphere of
to pronounce ( s.th.) ( bi- influence
kalima) to lay a word II to make ( s.o.) minaq zonal
speak or pronounce; to gird, girdle ( s.o.)
IV to make ( s.o.) speak or talk V to gird minq very eloquent
o.s.; to be surrounded X to question ( istinq examination,
s.o.); to interrogate, examine, cross- interrogation, hearing; questioning
examine ( s.o.)
niq talking, speaking; endowed
nuq articulated speech; with the faculty of speech; eloquent; plain,
pronunciation; word, saying, utterance; distinct, clear; endowed with reason,
order, ordinances decree reasonable, rational (being); speaker (also,
it was decreed by order of His e.g., in parliament); spokesman
 the Arabic-speaking portion of equal ( to s.o., to s.th.); to equalize, put
mankind (lit.: those who pronounce the on an equal footing ( s.o., s.th.
d) ( ayawn 974 niq) with), equate, liken, compare ( s.o.,
rational being; conclusive s.th. to); to vie, compete, be in
evidence; sound film; competition (s with s.o.), rival ( s.o.); to
newsreel argue, debate, dispute ( with s.o.), point
out ( to s.o. s.th.) by way of argument
manq pronounced, uttered,
or objection, confront ( s.o. with); to
expressed; wording; text; statement;
superintend, supervise ( s.th.) IV to grant
formulation according to the
( s.o.) a delay or respite V to regard,
text; expressly, explicitly, unequivocally;
watch or observe attentively ( s.o.,
m. al-ukm dispositive portion
s.th.), look closely ( at s.o., at s.th.),
of the judgment (jur.); m.
scrutinize ( s.o., s.th.); to bide ones
al-aqd the exact terms of the contract;
time, wait VI to face each other, lie
text of the law, legal text;
opposite; to he symmetrical (math.); to
m. al-kalima literal meaning of
dispute, argue (with one another); to
a word
quarrel ( about), fight ( over s.th.);
mustaniq examining magistrate to contend (with each other) ( for s.th.),
naala u (nal) to squeeze out; to apply contest each others right ( to s.th.)
warm compresses ( to), foment, bathe VIII to wait ( for s.o.), expect ( s.o.,
with warm water or medicated liquid ( s.th.), await, anticipate ( s.th.); to look
s.th.) closely ( at s.o.); to look on expectantly,
bide ones time,
nal warm compress;
fomentation, lavation or hath in a wait to expect
medicated liquid much of ; ( waraihi
kulla kairin) to set the greatest
nanaa to hop up and down, skip expectations in s.th. X to wait, await,
naara u (naar, manar) to perceive expect; to have patience, be patient; to
with the eyes, see, view, eye, regard ( request a delay or respite; to ask ( s.o.) to
or s.o., s.th.), look, gaze, glance ( or wait, keep ( s.o.) waiting
at), watch, observe, notice ( or naar pl. anr seeing,
s.o., s.th.), pay attention ( or to); to eyesight, vision; look, glance, gaze; sight;
expect ( s.th.); to envisages consider, outlook, prospect; view; aspect;
contemplates purpose ( or s.th.); to appearance, evidence; insight,
have in mind, have in view ( s.th.), put discernment, penetration; perception;
ones mind, direct ones attention ( to contemplation; examination ( of);
s.th.); to take up, try, hear ( a case; inspection, study, perusal; consideration,
court), look into a case (), examine ( or reflection; philosophical speculation;
a case); to judge, rule, decide ( theory; handling ( of a 975 matter); trial,
between two litigant parties); to take care hearing ( of a case in court);
( of s.o.), help ( s.o.), stand by s.o. (), supervision, control, surveillance;
look after s.o. (( ( azran) competence, jurisdiction; attention, heed,
to give s.o. a sidelong glances look regard, notice, observance, respect,
askance at s.o.; ) ) consideration, care ( or) in view
(qaya) to try a case (jurs); of, with a view to, in regard to, with
( alab f.) to process s.o.s application, respect to, in consideration of, on the basis
take care of s.o.s application; of, due to, because of, for; do.;
( ) ) furjat l-mift, fhati l- ( bi-arfi n-n.) or
m.) to peep through the keyhole; ( bi-qai n-n.) regardless of,
unur badah see below! irrespective of; under
(ahrah) see reverse! please turn over! II considerations being studied, being dealt
to make comparisons, draw parallels ( with; irrespective of,
between) III to equal ( s.o., s.th.), be
regardless of; in my eyes, in my return for, in exchange for, for, on, e.g.,
opinion; for the study of, for ( daf k. malman) on
consideration, for further examination of, paying 50 millimes; people of his
for handling , for action on ; O kinds people like him; n. as-
( ayh) weltanschauung; samt or nadir (astr.); ( )
idat an-n. re-examination, incomparable;
reconsideration, resumption, retrial, unparalleled, unequaled, matchless,
revision; ahl an-n. speculative unique of his (its) kind
thinkers; theoreticians, theorists; nara head, foremost rank
or farsighted; qiar ( with foils genit.) at the head of
an-n. shortsightedness;
shortsighted; ( makama) nar keen-eyed; (pl.
the court of competent jurisdiction; nara) spectator, onlooker
( masala) an unsettled, open nara pl. -t field glass,
question, an unsolved problem; binocular; telescope, spyglass; (pair of)
(man) s.o. noteworthy, a distinguished eyeglasses, spectacles (occasionally also
man; the responsibles or authorized, pl. with singular meaning: a pair of
person; to catch the eye; eyeglasses); (pair of) goggles
( adra) to let ones eyes roam over ; (fardya) or eyeglass, monocle;
)( falling to the O ( muaima) magnifying
responsibility of, under the jurisdiction of, glass; n. al-maidn field glass
subject to the authority of; or
or ( naara) to nart optometrist; optician
glance furtively at s.o., give s.o. a nira supervision, control,
surreptitious look; this inspection, management, administration,
matter calls for careful study, will have to direction; ministry (now obsolete) 976
be considered; to take no
account of, disregard s.th.; nr field glass
he is under the protection of so-and-so, he manar pl. manir2 sight;
is patronized by so-and-so view, panorama; look(s), appearance,
similar, like; equal aspect; prospect, outlook, perspective; an
unparalleled, unequaled, matchless, object soon or viewed, photographic
unique of his (its) kind object; scene (of a play); spectacle; stage
setting, set, scenery; place commanding a
nara pl. naart looks glance; sweeping view; lookout, watchtower
sights view; viewings contemplation ( ( mm) general view, panorama,
of s.th.); pl. ( philosophical) landscape, scenery; O
reflections (krijya) shots on location (in motion-
naira delay, postponements picture making); ( abya)
deferment (of an obligation) scenic views, scenery, landscapes
naar optic(al); visual; manara pl. manir2 place
theoretic(al); speculative commanding a scenic view; view,
scenery, landscape, panorama;
naarya theory; theorem; watchtower, observatory; guestroom,
reflection, meditation, contemplation reception room, drawing room, parlor
nar pl. nuar2, f. pl. O minar (pair of) eyeglasses,
nar2 similar, like, same, equal, spectacles; telescope, spyglass
matching, corresponding, comparable; an
equivalent; facings opposites parallel; minr pl. manr2
(with foll. genit.) in the manner of. in the telescope, spyglass; magnifying glass;
same manner as, just like, just as; mirror, speculum, -scope (e.g.,
transcript, copy nara (prep.) as a laryngoscope) ( muaim)
compensation for, in consideration of, in magnifying glass; ( aswada)
 to have a pessimistic outlook, look on the anaf2 cleaner, neater
dark side of everything tanf pl. -t cleaning, cleansing
munara emulation, rivalry, manicure
competition; quarrel, argument. nal (eg.) delicate, feminine
altercation, debate, dispute, discussion,
controversy; supervision, control, naama i (nam, nim) and II to string
inspection ( pearls); to put in order, to order (
s.th.); to array, arrange, classify, file (
tanur difference of opinion, s.th.); to adjust ( s.th.); to set, regulate (
squabble, wrangle, altercation; symmetry s.th.); to tune ( an instrument); to layout,
(math.) get ready, prepare ( s.th.); to set right,
intir waiting, wait; expectation rectify, correct ( s.th.); to put together,
unexpectedly group, make up, 977 assemble ( s.th.); to
organize ( s.th.); to stage ( s.th.); to
nir pl. nur observer,
compose (ones words) metrically,
viewer, spectator, onlooker; overseer,
poetize, versify, write poetry V and VI to
supervisor; inspector; manager, director,
be strung; to be ordered, be in good order,
superintendent, administrator, principal,
be well-arranged, be well-organized VIII
chief, (cabinet) minister (now obsolete)
do.; to be classified; to affiliate ( with);
n. al-waqf trustee of a wakf,
to enter, join ( an organization, a
administrator of a religious endowment
corporation); to permeate, pervade ( s.o.,
nira administratress, directress, s.th.); to come over s.o. (), seize, befall,
manageress, headmistress, matron overcome ( s.o., s.o.s limbs, s.o.s
nir and nira pl. body; of a sentiment, tremor, shudder,
nawir2 eye; look. glance etc.)
(niraihi) before his eyes nam order; arrangement; system;
manr seen; visible; foreseen, institution, organization; string of pearls;
anticipated, expected; supervised, under verse, poetry
supervision, controlled; envied, regarded nim pl. -t, nuum,
with the evil eye; under consideration anima proper arrangement, regularity;
(case), pending (complaint, lawsuit; in conformity, congruity; methodical,
a court) one under supervision, organic structure; organization; order;
subordinate, underling, protg, charge, method; system; rule, statute, law; system
ward, pupil; invisible; of regulations along this
unforeseen, unexpected; line, in this manner; alien
(adawt) visual training aids; status; alien act;
(daw) pending lawsuit; (akya) personal statute (jur.);
( ak) person whose case is under (ass) (basic) constitutional law, statutes,
consideration constitution; ( iqtid)
munir similar, like, equal; economic system; al-bdiya
competitor, rival, adversary, opponent agricultural system; n.
(esp., in a discussion); interlocutor al-bls wa-l-idra police and
administrative system; n.
naufa u ( naufa) to be clean, jawzt as-safar passport system;
cleanly, neat, tidy II to clean, cleanse, n. al-ayt (way of) life;
polish ( s.th.) V to clean o.s., become (rasml) the capitalistic economic
clean system; ( mm) public order;
nafa cleanness, cleanliness, traffic laws
neatness, tidiness nim orderly, regular, normal;
2
naf pl. nuaf , nif methodical, systematic; regular (army)
clean, neat, tidy; well-groomed, well-
tended
 tanm arrangement; readjustment,
reorganization, reform; control,
regulation, adjustment; organization;
tactics; road construction (Eg.)
traffic control; idat t-t.
reorganization
intim order, regularity;
methodicalness, systematic arrangement
regularly, accurately;
regular, fixed, ordered, methodical,
systematic, orderly, normal
nim arranger; organizer, adjuster;
regulator; versifier, poet; (pl.
nawim2) weir, barrage (Ir.)
manm ordered, orderly, tidy;
metrical, poetical; poem; pl. -t poetries,
poetical works
manma treatise in verse,
didactic poem; row, rank
munaim arranger, organizer;
promoter, sponsor
munaam arranged, ordered, kept
in order, orderly, tidy; neat, welltended,
well-kept; systematically arranged,
systematized; regular ( jai)
regular army; irregular
munaama pl. -t organization
( m. at-tagdya) Food listless, slack, stagnant (market, trade) II
and Agriculture organization, F. A.O.
muntaim regular; even, uniform,
steady, orderly; methodical; systematic
O ( maujt) uniform waves
(radio)
naaba a i (nab, nab) to croak, caw
(raven); -- a (nab) to speed along
nub croak(ing), caw (of a raven)
nab croaking, cawing; ominous,
ill-boding
naata a (nat) to describe, characterize (
s.o. s.th.), qualify ( s.th.)
naft description, qualification,
characterization; -- (pl. nut)
quality, property, attribute, characteristic;
descriptive, qualifying word, qualifier;
attribute (gram.); epithet 978
nat descriptive, qualifying,
qualificative
mant substantive accompanied
by as attribute
naja pl. naajt, nij female sheep,
ewe
naara a i ( nar, nir) to grunt; to
cry, scream, roar, bellow; to spurt, gush
forth (blood from a wound)
nara Daile, din, clamor, roar
nuara pl. -t, nuar horsefly,
gadfly
naara, nuara pl. -t haughtiness,
arrogance, pride ( iqlmya)
jingoism, chauvinism
nar noisy, uproarious,
vociferous, clamoring, shouting; agitator,
rabble rouser
nar noise, din, clamor, shouting;
bellowing, mooing, lowing (esp., of cattle)
nara, nara earthen jug
(sometimes with two handles), pot
nr O hemophilia
nra pl. nawir2 noria,
Persian wheel
naasa a u (nas) to be sleepy, drowsy; to
take a nap, to doze, slumber; to be dull,
and IV to make sleepy, put to sleep ( s.o.)
VI to pretend to be sleepy or asleep; to
doze, be sleepy, feel drowsy
nasa doze, nap, slumber
nus sleepiness, drowsiness;
lethargy
nasn2 sleepy, drowsy
nis pl. nus sleepy, drowsy;
dozing, slumbering
naaa a (na), II and IV to raise, lift up;
to revive, reanimate; to refresh, invigorate,
animate, arouse, stimulate, enliven,
inspirit ( s.o.) VIII to rise from a fall; to
recover, recuperate from illness; to be
animated, be refreshed, be stimulated, be
invigorated, be strengthened, revive, come
to new life
n bier bant n.
a-ugr Ursa Minor (astron.);
b. n. al-kubr Ursa Major (astron.)
 naa: n. al-maut apply o.s., devote o.s. ( to s.th.), take
euphoria; swan song, death song great pains ( with s.th.)
(abaka) good morning!
in animation, reanimation,
(naara) to look closely at, scrutinize s.th.,
resuscitation, restoration to life;
regard s.th. attentively, pore over s.th.,
refreshment; reconstruction, restoration
become engrossed in, ponder s.th. V to
O ( iqtid) economic boost
live in luxury, lead a life of ease and
inti resurgence, revival; comfort; to enjoy ( s.th.)
animation, invigoration, stimulation,
nima with foll. indeclinable noun
refreshment, recreation
with article and nominative ending: what a
muni animating, refreshing, perfect ..., wonderful ...! truly, an
invigorating, restorative excellent ... n. r-rajulu
naaa a (na, naa, nu) to be zaidun what an excellent man Zaid is!
erect (penis) IV to be sexually excited n. -abbu abbuhum what a
wonderful youth they have!
n exciting sexual desire, innah n. al-kallu he is a wonderful
sexually stimulating, aphrodisiac friend indeed! fa-bih wa-nimat
naaq a i (naq, naq) to croak, caw in that case its all right;
(raven); to bleat (sheep); to cry, scream, (faalta) well done!
screech naam yes! yes indeed! certainly!
niq: that is alive and surely! (introducing a verbal clause:) to be
astir, everybody and his brother, every sure ... ; naam (colloq.) I beg your
Tom, Dick and Harry pardon? what did you say?
naala a (nal), II and IV to furnish with naam pl. anm grazing
shoes ( s.o.), shoe ( s.o., a horse); -- livestock (sheep, camels, cattle, goats)
naila a (naal) to be shod V = naila VIII nama life of ease, good living;
to wear sandals; to wear shoes, be shod amenity, comfort; prosperity; happiness;
nal pl. nil, anul sandal; enjoyment, pleasure, delight
shoe; horseshoe nima pl. niam, anum,
nil shod; soled 979 nimt, niimt benefit, blessing, boon,
benefaction, favor, grace, kindness
naama u a and naima a ( nama, by the grace of God; very
manam) to live in comfort, and luxury, well off, wealthy, rich; the Three
lead a life of ease, lead a comfortable and Graces; ) )waly nimatih
carefree life; to be delighted ( by), be (niamih) his benefactor
happy, be glad ( about, at), be pleased (
with), delight, take pleasure ( in); to num happiness
enjoy, savor, taste, experience ( s.th.) nam favor, good will, grace
( naima blan) to feel serene and ( wa-l-bas) in good and
confident about ...; -- naima a (naam) to bad days
be green and tender (twig); to be or
become fine, powdery; -- nauma u ( numn blood
numa) to be soft, tender, smooth II to anemone (bot.)
smooth, soften ( s.th.); to pulverize, nam (coll.; n. un. )pl.
powder ( s.th.); to accustom to luxury ( naim2 ostrich (zool.)
s.o.); to pamper, coddle, effeminate,
nam amenity, comfort, ease,
provide with a life of ease ( s.o.) IV to
happiness, felicity; gentle, tranquil,
make good, nice, comfortable, pleasant (
peaceful the grace of God, the
or s.th.); to give ( s.o. s.th.),
blessings of God
bestow, confer ( upon s.o. s.th.); to
bestow favors ( upon s.o.), be an-naim name of several stars
graciously disposed ( toward s.o.); to in Sagitta (astron.)
 numa softness, smoothness,
tenderness, delicacy, fineness, finely
ground state, powdery consistency
)( from his earliest youth,
since his tender age
anam2 sorter
minm munificent benefactor
manim2 favors, blessings, boons;
amenities, comforts, pleasures, delights
tanm pampering, coddling,
effemination
inm act of kindness, favor,
benefaction; gift, donation, grant,
distinction, 980 bestowal, award
i. an-naar careful examination,
serious consideration
nim soft; smooth; tender; fine,
powdery n. a-ufr young,
youthful, tender; ( sukkar)
powdered sugar
munim donor, benefactor
nana and nan mint (bot.);
peppermint
nan peppermint (adj.)
na a (nay, nay, nayn) to
announce the death ( of s.o., to s.o.);
to hold s.th. ( )against s.o. (),
reproach, blame ( s.o. for); -- na i
to lament, wail; to deplore ( s.th.)
nay one who announces s.o.s
death; blame, reproach
naya pl. naayt news of s.o.s
death, death notice
manan and manh pl.
manin news of s.o.s death
nagba, nugba swallow, gulp, draught
nagbaa noise
nagaza a (nagz) to tickle ( s.o.); to prick (
s.o., with a needle, or the like); to sow
dissension, stir up enmity ( between)
nagaa a (nag, nagan) to be
agitated, be shaken III to play ( with s.o.),
tease ( s.o.), dally, flirt ( with s.o.) V = I
naga pl. nagat motion; shaking
nug and nug very small;
midget, dwarf
naga banter, raillery, teasing,
playfulness; elegance
II and IV to disturb, ruffle, spoil (
s.o.s pleasure, joy, life, or the like),
make loathsome ( to s.o. s.th.) V to
be disturbed, be ruffled, be spoiled,
become loathsome
munaggi exciting
nagila a (nagal) to fester, suppurate
(wound) ( qalbuh) to harbor
resentment against, hold a grudge against
nagl, nagil illegitimate child;
bastard
nagl illegitimate child; bastard
nugla illegitimacy, bastardy
nagama u i and nagima a (nagm, nagam)
to hum a tune; to ling II and V do.
nagm and nagam pl. angm
tune, air, melody; voice, part (mus., of a
contrapuntal composition); timbre, tone
color; sound, tone
nagima, nagama pl. nagamt tone;
sound; musical note, tone (of the gamut;
mus.); inflection, intonation, melody;
song, chant
tangum symphonia, concord (of
sounds)
mangm melodious (voice)
) )nag u (nagw) and nag i (nagy) to
speak ( to s.o.) III to whisper ( in s.o.s
ear); to talk gently, kindly, tenderly ( to
s.o., esp., to a child); to flatter, court (
s.o.); to twitter (bird); (eg.) to babble
(child)
naffa i to blow ones nose; to snuff
naffa (tun.) pinch of snuff; snuff
nafff snuffer
nafata u i (naft) to spit, spit out,
expectorate, discharge, cough out (
s.th.); to squirt out ( its venom; of a
snake); to exhale, puff out ( the smoke;
of a smoker); to utter, voice ( s.th.); to
exude and inspire ( with s.th. s.o.),
transfuse ( s.th. into s.o.) 981
 naft expectoration; saliva, spittle
n. a-ain erotic poetry ( idqaihi) to be puffed up, become
nafta pl. nafatt expectoration;
saliva, spittle; pl. expectorated or ejected
matter, expectorations, discharge,
outpourings, emissions, effusions;
invectives, accusations
literary productions
nufta saliva, spittle
) )naffta jet plane
nafft jet- (in compounds) conceit, overweeningness, haughtiness
jet propulsion
naffta pl. -t woman who spits on
the knots (in exercising a form of Arabian
witchcraft in which women tie knots in a
cord and spit upon them with an
imprecation; Kor. 113,4); sorceress
nafaja u (nafj, nafajn, nufj) to
spring up and take to flight (game); to
jump, leap, bound; to vaunt, brag, boast V
to brag, boast VIII = I
nafj bragging, boasting
nafj braggart, show-off; snob
nllftia pl. nawfij2 musk bag;
container for musk
nafaa a (naf, nafan, nuf) to
spread, be diffused (fragrance), exhale a
pleasant smell, be fragrant; to blow
(wind); to make s.o. ( )a present of (),
present ( s.o. with); to treat ( s.o. to
s.th.) III to protect, defend ( s.th.)
nafa pl. nafat breeze, gust;
breath; diffusing odor; fragrance, perfume
scent; gift, present
manfaa rennet
nafaka u (nafk) to blow, puff; to
breathe; to blow up, inflate, fill with air (
or s.th.); O to pump up, fill (a tire); O
to fill with gas (balloon); to blow (
tunes, on an instrument); to breathe
s.th. ( )into s.o. (). inspire ( s.o.
with); to inflate, puff up, elate, flush with
success, fill with pride ( s.o.)
(bq) to blow the trumpet;
(rih) to animate, inspirit s.o.;
( ratih) to bring s.th. into being,
give birth to s.th.;
(zammrati rih) to rouse s.o.s temper;
( ama) to blowout a candle;
inflated VIII to be blown up, inflated,
filled with air; to swell; to puff up,
become inflated ( sarah) and
( masiruh) his lungs
became inflated (out of fear or pride)
nafk blowing, blowing up, inflation,
pumping up, filling with air
nafka (n. vic.) blow, puff; breath;
gust; distention, inflation, swelling;
( ) )kaddba) self-conceit,
vainglory, bumptiousness
naffk flatulent
nuffk swelling
naffka bladder; bubble
minfak pl. manfik2 bellows
minfk pl. manfk 2 bellows;
air pump, tire pump; blowpipe
tanaffuk inflatedness, inflation;
bumptiousness, bumptious behavior
intifk process of being inflated;
distention, inflation, swelling,
protuberance; flatulence, meteorism
(med.) int. ar-ria pulmonic
emphysema
nfik blowing; blower; flatulent
( n. armatin) there is not
a soul in the house
manfk blown up, puffed up,
inflated; swollen; pumped up, inflated;
982 paunchy, obese, fat; conceited, self-
conceited, overweening, snobbish
muntafik blown up, puffed up,
inflated; swollen
nafida a (nafad, nafd) to be exhausted,
depleted, used up; to run out, come to an
end, dwindle away; to be out of print
( man a-abr) to be at the
end of ones patience IV and X to use up,
consume, spend, exhaust, drain, deplete (
s.th.); to taste thoroughly, enjoy to the full
(
s.th.) ( kulla wusin) to
exhaust, or avail o.s. of, every possibility
 nafda pl. nafadt entry (in an
account book), booked item
nafd exhaustion, consumption,
depletion (of stores), dwindling, wastage,
waste
an-nafd Nafud (desert in N Nejd)
nfid: n. a-abr impatient O m. al-miyh flood gate, lock
nfida void, vacuum
nafada u ( nafd, nufd) to pierce,
bore ( s.th. or through s.th.), penetrate
( s.th.), go or pass ( through
s.th.); to penetrate ( into), get through,
pass through ( to); O (mil.) to break
through, fight ones way through the
enemy ( or ;)to get ( to s.o.), arrive
( at s.o.s place), reach ( s.o.); to lead
( to), give, open ( on; of a door or
window); to communicate, be connected (
with; of a building, lot, premises), join;
to be carried out, be executed, be legally
valid, be effective, be operative, be
enforceable, be executable, be executory;
to do well or skillfully ( s.th.) II and IV
to cause ( s.th.) to pierce or penetrate; to
carry out, execute, accomplish, effect (
s.th., also, an idea), do, perform, fulfill,
discharge ( a duty); to realize,
implement, carry into effect ( a plan, a
project, ideas); to enforce ( a resolution);
to carry through ( a program); to
execute, carry out ( a sentence;
against s.o.); to transmit, convey, send,
dispatch, forward ( s.th. to s.o.) V to
be executed, be carried out
nafad pl. anfd opening,
aperture, orifice, hole, vent, outlet, escape,
way out
nafd penetration, permeation;
implementation, realization, effectuation;
effectiveness; execution
perspicacity, acute discernment,
penetration
nafd piercing, penetrating;
effective, effectual; permeable, pervious
nufd penetration, permeation;
effectiveness, effect, action; influence,
prestige, authority ( mulaq) full
powers, free hand, unlimited authority;
influential; sphere of
influence
manfad, manfid pl. manfid2
opening in a wall, air hole, window;
passage, passageway, exit; outlet; way
out, escape; entrance, access; gateway,
gate; loophole, dodge; O electrode (el.)
gate, sluice gate; ( bar) access
to the sea
tanfd carrying out,
implementation, effectuation. realization;
discharge, accomplishment, fulfillment,
performance, execution; distraint, legal
execution (jur.) )(
(auri, dauri t-t.) to become effective,
come into force; aun at-t. minor
executory officer, bailiff (tun.);
qism at-t. executive division (of a court);
executory decisions,
precepts, executions, writs of fieri facias
(jur.) 983
tanfd executory, executive
( tanfdya) executive committee
infd sending, dispatch,
conveyance, delivery, transmission;
carrying out, execution, discharge,
performance
nfid piercing, penetrating;
effective, operative, effectual; legally
valid ( abaa) to become
operative, become effective, come into
force (law); ( ukmu) the
sentence will be carried out, has legal
force; n. al-kalima influential,
powerful; valid, effective, in
force; ( amr) strict order
nfida pl. nawfid2 opening in
a wall, air hole; window; O wicket O
n. al-ilq loophole, embrasure
munaffid executant, executer,
executioner m. al-waya
executor (jur.); ( aun) minor
executory officer, bailiff (tun.)
mutanaffid influential
nafara u i ( nufr, nifr) to shy,
bolt, stampede (animal); -- (nafar) to flee,
run away; to have an aversion ( to),
have a distaste ( for); to avoid, shun,
eschew ( or s.th.), keep clear ( or
of), turn away, flee ( or from); to
hurry, rush, hasten ( or to); -- i (
nufr) to swell, bulge out, protrude, jut
out, stick out II to startle, frighten, scare
away, chase away, drive away ( s.th.); to
fill ( s.o.) with an aversion ( to), arouse
a distaste ( in s.o. for), make
loathsome ( to s.o. s.th.), alienate,
estrange, deter ( s.o. from), spoil s.o.s
( )pleasure ( in), make ( s.o.)
dissatisfied ( with) III to avoid ( s.o.,
s.th.), keep away ( from s.o.), have an
aversion ( to s.o.); to contradict ( s.th.),
be incompatible ( with) VI to avoid each
other; to conflict, clash; to disagree, he
incongruous, incompatible, mutually
repellent X to he frightened away; to call
upon s.o. ( )to fight ( against), call out
( s.o.) to go to war ( against)
nafar pl. anfr band, party,
group, troop; troops; person, individual;
(mil.) soldier, private; man (as a
numerative)
nafra aversion, distaste, dislike,
antipathy
nufr shying, flight; bolting,
stampede (of an animal); aversion,
distaste, dislike, displeasure, alienation,
estrangement
nufr shy, easily frightened, scary,
fearful, timid; reticent, diffident, bashful,
coy, reserved
nafr pl. anfr, anfira band, breathe ones last, die VI to rival,
party, group, troop; departure into battle;
trumpet ( mm) general call to
arms, levy en masse; general alarm
nfra pl. nawfr2 fountain being, living creature, human being,
naufara pl. nawfir2 fountain essence, nature; inclination, liking,
tanfr estrangement, alienation,
repulsion, deterrence
tanfur mutual aversion or
repulsion, disagreement, disunion,
dissension, conflict, strife, incongruity,
discord
nfir pl. nafr, nuffar fleeing, he himself came to me, he came
fugitive, shy, fearful, timid; having an
aversion ( to) or a distaste ( for);
swelling, protuberant, bulging, protruding,
projecting, jutting out; relief-like, in relief;
three-dimensional, 3-D (film)
munaffir, munfir repulsive,
repellent
nafusa u (nafas, nifs,
nafsa) to be precious, valuable, priceless;
-- nafisa a (nafas) to be sparing, niggardly
984 ( with s.th.); -- ( nafsa) to
envy, begrudge ( s.o. s.th.); -- nafisa
a and pass. nufisa ( nifs) to he in
childbed II to cheer up, comfort, appease,
reassure ( s.o.); to relieve ( s.o., of
s.th., esp., of sorrow, cares), dispel, banish
( s.o.s worries, anxieties); to air (
ones secret feelings), give vent ( to
ones emotions), uncover, reveal, voice,
get off ones chest, get out of ones
system, abreact ( ones suppressed
desires, frustrations, fears, etc.); to desist (
from), cease ( doing s.th.); pass.
nuffisa to get lost ( to s.o.); to let out
air, leak; to be in childbed III to compete,
vie ( with s.o. in); to compete, fight,
struggle ( for), seek. try to obtain,
desire ( s.th.), strive, be out ( for),
aspire ( to) V to breathe, inhale and
exhale; to take breath, pause for breath.
have a breather, have a break, take a rest
( al-asarti l-
mulima) to heave painful sighs;
( uada) to sigh deeply; to
breathe a sigh of relief, breathe again;
( nafasa) to be at ones last
gasp, be dying; ( ayh) to
compete, vie, contend ( for, in s.th.)
nafs f., pl. nufs, anfus
soul; psyche; spirit, mind; life; animate
person, individual (in this sense, masc.);
appetite, desire; personal identity, self
(used to paraphrase the reflexive pronoun;
see examples below) he himself;
personally, in person; we
ourselves; ( n. il-amr) in reality,
actually, in fact; do.;
in their own opinion; ) )
personally to see me; he came
of his own accord;
what I had promised myself;
n. al-amr the essence of the matter, the
nature of the affair; the thing
itself; the same thing, the very thing;
and ( tiqa) self- breathing hole, air hole, valve
confidence, self-reliance; bi-iqqi
n-n. or ( following ... )with
(the greatest) difficulty, barely;
base-minded, low-minded;
unselfish, selfless, altruistic; ilm
an-n. psychology; high-minded,
proud; maabbat an-n. amour
propre, selfishness; to com.); rivalry; athletic event, contest,
make every conceivable sacrifice,
sacrifice all, give up all ones possessions
nafs spiritual, mental, psychic(al);
(pl. -n) psychologist respiratory system
psychoanalysis; state of mind,
mood
nafsya mental life, inner life,
psyche; frame of mind; mentality, mental
attitude, disposition; psychology
nafas pl. anfs breath; whiff;
puff (from a smoking pipe, from a
cigarette); swallow, gulp, draught; style of
an author; freedom, liberty, convenience,
discretion to the last nafaa u (naf) to tease ( wool); to swell
breath; enough to slake the thirst;
refreshing (drink); q an-n.
labored breathing, asthma;
he acts according to his own desires;
( amrika) you can do as do.
you please! ( anfsah) to hold
ones breath; ( anfsuh) to
give up the ghost
nufsa respite, delay
nafs2 pl. nawfis2 confined,
in childbed; a woman in childbed
nafsn psychic(al), mental
( ibb) psychiatry;
psychiatrist; psychologist 985
O nafsnya psychology
nifs parturition; delivery,
childbirth, confinement, accouchement;
childbed, puerperium; see also below
umm n-n. or ( gubrah) lit.: to shake off its dust,
puerperal fever, childbed fever
naffsa preciousness, costliness
nafs precious, costly, valuable,
priceless
nafsa pl.. nafis2 gem,
object of value, precious thing
manfas pl. manfis2
tanfs airing, ventilation
munfasa pl. -t emulation;
competition (also com.); rivalry; athletic
event, contest, match
nifs emulation; competition (also
match
tanaffus respiration
tanaffus: ( jahz)
tanfus mutual competition,
rivalry; fight, struggle ( for)
( ayaw) struggle for existence
munfis competitor; rival
mutanaffas place to breathe
freely; breathing space, free scope (for
s.th.), free atmosphere; relief, escape, way
out
out, puff up; to swell, become swollen; to
ruffle its feathers (bird) II to comb or card
( cotton) V to puff up, become inflated;
to ruffle the feathers, bristle the hair VIII
nafa wool
naff a variety of large lemon
manf puffed up, inflated;
ruffled, bristling; disheveled (hair); fluffy
(hair, wool)
nafaa u (naf) to shake ( s.th.),
shake off ( s.th. from), shake out,
dust, dust off ( s.th.); to knock the ashes
from a cigarette ( ;)to make ( s.o.)
shiver (fever); -- u ( nuf) to
recover, recuperate ( from)
( kasala) or ( gubra
kasalih) to shake off ones laziness;
i.e., to have reached the end of, be
finished with; ( hamma) to
shake off ones sorrows, shed ones
anxiety; ( laibi l-aurq)
to gamble away at cards;
 (yadah, amr) to chuck s.th., shake off
s.th., rid o.s. of, refuse to have anything to
do with; to break with s.o. use ( or s.th.), take advantage, avail
dissociate o.s. from, go back on s.o. II to
shake violently, shake out, dust off (
s.th.) IV to use up completely, exhaust (
provisions, stores); to be devoid of all
means, be reduced to poverty, be
impoverished, be depleted; to shake off (
s.o. from); to remove, dismiss (
s.o. from) VIII to be shaken off, be dusted
off; to shake; to shudder, shiver, tremble (
with) ( wqifan) to jump
up, jump to ones feet
nafa that which is shaken off or
falls off
naf: O deciduous service; advantage, profit, gain; (Isl. Law)
forest, leafy forest
nafaa scouting party,
reconnaissance patrol
nufaa ague fit, feverish shiver
nuf ague fit, feverish shiver
nufa that which is shaken off or
falls off 986
nafa pl. nafi2 scouting
party, reconnaissance patrol
minfa sieve; winnow
minfaa pl. manfi2 serviceable; wholesome, salutary
ashtray; feather duster; O vacuum cleaner
intif shaking, shiver, shudder,
tremor
intifa (n. vic.) shiver, shudder,
tremor
naf naphtha, petroleum
naf of naphtha, soaked in
naphtha; oil-, petroleum- (in compounds) I
( mib) oil lamp -- nafaqa u ( nufq) to die, perish
nafa blister
nufaa irritable, touchy, thin-
skinned; hot-tempered
munaffi blistering, vesicatory
nafaa a (naf) to be useful, beneficial,
advantageous, be of use ( to s.o.), avail,
help ( s.o.); to be usable, to do, serve (
for) of no use II to utilize, turn to
use, put to use ( s.th.); to use ( s.th.),
make use ( of) VIII to turn to advantage,
turn to good account, put to use, utilize,
o.s., make use ( or of); to profit, gain,
benefit ( or by s.th.); to enjoy ( or
s.th.) X=II
naf use, avail, benefit, advantage,
profit, gain; good, welfare
naf out for ones own advantage,
self-interested, selfish; profiteer
naff very useful, of good use
naf pl. nufu very useful, of
good use
manfaa pl. manfi2 use,
avail, benefit; beneficial use, useful
yield of a utilizable thing or of a right,
produce; interest; public establishment,
public-service facility ) )
(mma, ummya) public-service
facilities, specif., property set aside, or
available, for public use;
(iya) sanitary facilities
intif use, employment,
utilization, exploitation, usufruct; benefit,
advantage, profit, gain
nfi useful, beneficial,
advantageous, profitable, usable,
nfia public works
minister of public works
muntafi beneficiary, usufructuary
nafaqa u ( nafq) to sell well, find a
ready market (merchandise); to be brisk,
active (market); -- nafaqa and nafiqa a
(nafaq) to be used up, he spent, run out
(stores, provisions, money), be exhausted;
(esp., of an animal) II to sell III to
dissemble, dissimulate, play the hypocrite
( amrah) to act contrary to
the dictates of ones conscience IV to
spend, expend, layout, disburse (
money for); to use up, consume, spend,
exhaust, waste, squander, dissipate (
s.th.); to spend, pass ( time); to provide (
for s.o., esp., for s.o.s means of
support), support ( s.o.), bear the cost
of s.o.s ( )maintenance V
 (bi-kidbatin) to tell s.o. a fib X to spend, s.th.); to reject, dismiss, discard, disclaim,
waste ( money for) disavow, decline, refuse, disallow (
s.th.); to exclude, preclude ( s.th.); to
nafaq pl. anfq tunnel,
negate (gram.) III to hunt, chase, pursue,
underground passageway
track down ( s.o.); to exclude, preclude (
nafaqa pl. -t, nifq expense; s.th.); to contradict ( s.th.), be contrary
cost; outlay, expenditure, disbursement; ( to); to be incompatible, be inconsistent
cost of living, maintenance, support; (Isl. ( with) VI to be mutually exclusive or
Law) adequate support, esp., of the 987 contradicting, cancel each other out, be
wife; charitable gift, handout (to the poor) incompatible VIII to be banished, be
at s.o.s expense; exiled, be expelled; to be refuted, be
inexpensive, cheap disproved, be controverted, be
nafq brisk trade, good business; contradicted, be denied; to fall off, fall
salability (of a commodity) away, be dropped, be omitted, be absent,
be nonexistent X to reject as worthless,
minfq squanderer, wastrel, useless, unacceptable ( s.th.)
spendthrift, profligate
nafy expulsion; banishment, exile,
munfaqa hypocrisy, expatriation; ejection, ousting, eviction,
dissimulation, dissemblance ostracism; deportation; denial, disclaimer,
nifq hypocrisy, dissimulation, disavowal, repudiation, disproof,
dissemblance refutation, rebuttal, refusal, rejection,
disallowance, prohibition, ban; negation
infq spending, expenses, outlay,
expenditure, disbursement (gram.) arf an-n. particle
of negation (gram.); witness for
nfiq selling well, easily the defense (as opposed to .
marketable, in demand (commodity) itbt)
munfiq hypocrite, dissembler nafy negative
V and VIII to do more than is required by nafy denied; rejected, discarded
duty or obligation, to supererogate
(specif., prayers, charity, or the like) naf, nafh and nafwa
s.th. discarded as worthless or useless;
nafl supererogatory performance, dross, refuse, waste, scrap, offal,
specif., a work of supererogation sweepings, garbage
nafal pl. anfl, nufl, nufya pl. -t s.th. discarded as
nifl booty, loot, spoil; present worthless or useless; remnant, remains;
nafal clover discard, castoff; reject, throwout; dross,
refuse, waste, scrap, offal, sweepings,
nfila pl. nawfil2
garbage; O excretions (biol.)
supererogatory performance; work of
supererogation; gift, present; booty, loot, manfan pl. manfin place of
spoil ( n. il-qaul) it goes exile; banishment, exile
without saying that ... munfh contradiction,
2
nafnaf pl. nafnif air, atmosphere; incompatibility, inconsistency
steep hillside, precipitous cliff tanfin mutual incompatibility
nafnf (ir.) a womans dress intif absence, lack 988
)and )naf u (nafw) and naf i manfy turned down, denied,
(nafy) to expel, eject, oust, ostracize, rejected, discarded; negated, negative;
exclude ( or s.o. from), remove, banished, exiled, expatriated; deported
evict, banish, exile, expatriate ( s.o.); to
deport ( s.o.); to refute, disprove, rebut, munfin incompatible
controvert, repudiate ( s.th.); to deny (
 naqqa i ( naqq) to croak (frog); to
cackle, cluck (hen)
naqqq surly person, gruff man,
grumbler; griper, carper, faultfinder
naqqqa frog
naqq croaking, croak; cackling,
cackle
1
naqaba u (naqb) to bore, pierce,
perforate, breach ( s.th.), make a hole or
breach ( in), punch or drill a hole (
through); to dig, dig up, dig out, excavate,
hollow out ( s.th.); to traverse ( a
country), pass, travel ( through); to
inquire, ask, look, search ( for),
examine thoroughly, investigate, explore,
search into, delve into; -- naqiba a
(naqab) to be perforated, be full of holes
II to drill ( for, e.g., for oil); to examine
thoroughly, study, investigate ( s.th.),
penetrate, delve, s8&roh ( into), look,
s8&roh ( for); to travel ( through) III
to vie in virtues ( with s.o.) V to examine,
study, investigate ( s.th.), look, search (
for); to veil her face (woman); to be
perforated, he full of holes VIII to put on a
veil, veil ones face
naqb digging, excavation; piercing,
perforation; -- (pl. anqb, niqb)
hole, opening, breach; boring, bore; tunnel
naqqb punch
niqb pl. nuqub, anqiba s.th.); to peck ( at); to examine critically
veil to uncover, reveal, ( s.th.); to criticize ( s.o. for) III to
disclose s.th.
niqba pl. -t cooperative society;
union, association, guild; corporation;
syndicate; trade union, labor union
n. al-umml trade-union, labor
union
niqb cooperative; syndicalistic;
syndicalist; trade-unionist
niqbya syndicalism; trade-
unionism
naqb pl. nuqab2 leader,
head, headman; director, principal, chief;
chairman of a guild; president; syndic,
corporation lawyer; (mil.) captain (army),
lieutenant (navy) (Eg. 1939 and U.A.R.);
tongue of a balance head of
the Alids, head of the descendants of the
Prophet
naqba pl. naqib2 soul,
spirit, mind, intellect; natural disposition,
nature, temper, character
manqib, minqab and manqaba
pl. manqib2 mountain trail, defile,
pass
minqab and minqaba punch,
perforator, drill; lancet
manqib2 virtues, outstanding
traits; glorious deeds, facts, exploits
tanqb pl. -t drilling (esp., for
oil); digging, excavation; investigation,
examination, inquiry, search, exploration,
research
munaqqib investigator, researcher,
scholar, explorer
2
an-naqab Negev (desert region in S
Israel)
naqaa a (naq) to prune, lop ( a tree),
trim, clip ( s.th.) II do.; to review, revile,
read over carefully, correct ( a writing),
improve, polish, refine (the style) IV to
check, go over, re-examine, revise, correct
( s.th.)
tanq checking, (re-)examination;
revision; correction 989
naqada u (naqd) to pay in cash ( to s.o.
call to account ( s.o.) IV to pay ( to
s.o. s.th.) VIII to criticize ( s.th.), find
fault ( with), take exception ( to),
disapprove ( of); to show up the
shortcomings ( of s.o.), criticize (
s.o.); to receive payment in cash
naqd criticism; -- (pl. nuqd)
cash, ready money; pl. specie, coins,
change; in cash; for cash, cash down
in cash; for cash, cash down;
waraq an-n. banknotes, paper money;
change purse
naqd monetary, pecuniary;
numismatic, of coin; cash (adj.)
( taakkum) inflation; ( jaz)
a monetary fine
naqdya ready money, cash
 naqqd critic; reviewer naqra pl. naqart blow, knock,
bang, rap; drumbeat; pluck(ing) (of
naqqda captious critic, caviler,
strings)
carper
nuqra pl. nuqar, niqr pit,
manqad (eg.) brazier
hollow, cavity, hole; depression; orbit, eye
minqd pl. manqd2 beak, socket; neck furrow, nape
bill (of a bird)
niqra bickering, wrangle,
intiqd pl. -t objection, exception; argument, quarrel
criticism, censure, reproof, disapproval;
naqqr carver, engraver
review, critique
n. al-kaab woodpecker (zool.)
nqid pl. -n, nuqqd,
nuqqrya pl. -t (eg.) a
naqada critic
percussion instrument resembling a
muntaqid critic kettledrum
muntaqad blameworthy, naqr tiny spot on a date pit; an
reprehensible, objectionable, utterly worthless thing
exceptionable l yujd arw n. it wont help the
naqada u (naqd) to deliver, save, rescue ( least bit, it wont get you anywhere at all;
s.o. from); -- naqida a (naqad) to be he has absolutely nothing,
saved, be rescued, save o.s., escape IV to he hasnt got a red cent to his
deliver, save, rescue ( s.o. from); to name; ...} ":I~ J,:i ":I nothing at an,
salvage, recover ( s.th.) X = IV not
inqd deliverance, salvation, the l....t little bit
saving, rescue; salvaging, recovery; relief
;~ naqlra pl. ;W naq<!",.a corvette
istinqd deliverance, salvation,
;~W naqqara sman drum having a
saving, rescue; salvaging, recovery; relief
hemispheric body of copper or wood
munqid rescuer, savior, deliverer
~,,;~ niiqUr pl. .;:il; naWliqlr
naqara u (naqr) to dig; to pierce, bore,
(Koranic)
hollow out, excavate ( s.th.), make a
cavity or hole ( in); to cut, carve ( s.th., a wind instrument
esp., atone or wood); to engrave, inscribe (
in); to peck up ( a grain; of a bird); to
peck ( at s.o.); to strike, bang, knock, rap
( at, on); to drum ( on s.th.); to snap
ones fingers; to offend, annoy, vex, hurt,
insult, revile, malign, defame ( s.o.), cast
a slur ( on s.o.), make insinuations (
against s.o.); to investigate, examine (
s.th.); -- naqira a (naqar) to be offended,
annoyed, miffed ( at) II to peck, peck
up ( s.th.); to investigate, examine (
s.th.) III to have an argument, to quarrel,
wrangle, bicker ( with s.o.)
naqr excavation, hollowing out,
carving out, engraving; hollow, cavity,
hole; snap(ping) of the fingers
naqir annoyed, offended, hurt,
miffed
 ;~~ naqilra (eg.) prattle, idle talk,
rigmarole
~LA:.. m,nqar pl. .;:il:.. manclqlr
beak.
bill (of a bird); pickax
;.)L:... mutuiqara bickering, wrangle,
argument, quarrel
;;~ tuiq,ra pl. ;s.,; naWliq,r bickering,
wrangle, argument, quarrel; misfortune,
calamity
naqrazn (eg.) small drum; drummer diminished, be reduced ( by an amount;
niqris gout; skilled and experienced
(physician)
niqrs skilled and experienced
(physician)
naqaza u i (naqz, niqz, naqazn) insufficient, inadequate, defective, faulty,
to bound, leap, skip, hop II to rock, dandle
( a child)
naqza jump, leap, start
nqs pl. nawqs2 (church)bell; ahran) 13 years minus one month II and
gong; hand bell (used, e.g., in Coptic
liturgy); bell jar, globe
naqaa u (naq) to variegate, dapple,
make many-colored, daub with various
colors, bedaub ( s.th.); to paint; to chisel,
sculpture, carve out; to engrave ( s.th.,
on, in) II to paint; to engrave; to
sculpture III to argue, dispute ( with s.o.);
to discuss ( s.th.); to debate ( a
question); to criticize ( s.th.), object,
raise an objection ( to), raise a protest (
against); to bear, examine, interrogate (
s.o.; jur.) VI to carry on a dispute, to
debate ( about) VIII to extract, pull out (
a prick or thorn)
naq pl. nuq painting,
picture, drawing; engraving; inscription;
sculpture, figure
naqq painter; house painter;
artist; sculptor
niqa (art of) painting or
sculpture
minqa pl. manqi2 chisel
minq pl. manq2 chisel
munqaa argument, controversy,
dispute, debate, discussion;
contestation, opposition, objection, protest
niq argument, controversy,
dispute, debate, discussion
manq colored, dappled,
variegated; painted; engraved; sculptured;
inscribed
munqi opponent in a dispute;
disputant
naqaa u (naq, nuqn) to
decrease, become less, diminish, be
of a number); to decrease, diminish,
lessen, reduce, impair ( s.th.), prejudice (
s.o., s.th.), be prejudicial ( to),
detract ( from); to lower, peg down (
s.th.); to be deficient, lacking, incomplete,
imperfect; ( aiu) he lacked,
needed the thing, was in want of the thing;
to fan short ( of), be less, be lower (
than) 13 ( man,
IV to decrease, diminish, lessen ( s.th.);
to reduce, lower, peg down ( s.th.); to
curtail, cut ( s.th.) III to invite bids (
 for a project, 991 etc., so as to determine refute ( a suspicion); to quash, rescind,
the lowest bidder) VI to decrease reverse ( a sentence) ( wal)
gradually, diminish slowly, grow less or to renounce allegiance, to revolt;
smaller by degrees VIII to decrease, yunqau irrefutable; incontestable,
diminish, become less; to wane; to impair, irrevocable III to be in disagreement (
diminish, lessen ( s.th.) with), be contradictory, contrary, opposite
(qadrih) to disparage s.o., detract from ( to), contradict ( s.th.), be
s.o., degrade s.o. X to ask for a reduction ( incompatible, inconsistent ( with) V to
of s.th.); to find ( s.th.) decreased, be destroyed, be demolished, be tom
deficient, short, defective, imperfect, down, be wrecked, be razed; to be broken,
inferior; to discover the absence ( of), be violated; to be undone; to disintegrate,
miss ( s.th.) decay, fall down, break down, collapse; to
disappear, wear off, fade away, die away
naq decrease, diminution; deficit,
VI to contradict each other; to be mutually
loss, damage; wantage, lack, want,
exclusive VIII = V; to rise, mutiny, rebel,
shortage ( of); gap, blank, omission;
revolt ( against); to attack ( s.o.),
defect, shortcoming, failing, fault,
take the field, go to war ( against s.o.)
blemish; deficiency, imperfection,
inferiority falling birth rate; naq destruction, demolition;
murakkab n. inferiority complex breach, violation, infringement; infraction,
offense; refutation, invalidation; veto
nuqn = naq
(pol.); contradiction, logical
naqa pl. naqi2 incompatibility n. al-ukm
shortcoming, failing, fault, defect reversal of a sentence; n. as-
tanq diminution, lessening, salm breach of the peace;
decrease, reduction, lowering makamat an-n. wa-l-ibrm Court
of Cassation (Eg.); ( yajzu) (it
munqaa pl. -t competition to is) no longer open to an appeal, incapable
determine the lowest bidder, public of revision, irrevisable, legally valid, final
invitation to submit bide (for public (sentence); aqq an-n. right of
works), notice to bidders; award of veto
contract to the lowest bidder
anq (pl. of nuq) debris;
inq diminution, lessening, rubble
decrease, reduction, lowering, curtailment
naq opposed, opposite, contrary,
tanqu decrease, diminution, antithetical, contradictory; antithesis,
decrement opposition, contrast, opposite
intiq impairment, lessening contrary to, in opposition to, in
contradistinction to, unlike; on
nqi pl. nuqqa decreasing, the 992 contrary;
diminishing; diminished, lowered, (intaqala) to go from one extreme to the
decreased, reduced; faulty, defective; other, move in extremes
deficient, lacking, imperfect, incomplete;
short of supply, scarce; less ( than); naqa pl. naqi2 polemic
growing lighter; defective (gram.) poem; contrast
manq deficient, incomplete; munqaa sharp contrast,
insufficient, inadequate contradiction; opposition; contestation of
a right
naqaa u (naq) to destroy, demolish,
tear down, wreak, raze ( s.th.); to tear tanqu mutual contradiction,
apart, take apart, undo ( s.th.); to break, incompatibility; inconsistency, contrariety
violate, infringe ( s.th., esp., a contract intiq collapse, breakdown;
or similar legal obligation); to cancel, uprising, revolt, rebellion
abolish, repeal, abrogate, revoke, nullify,
declare void, annul ( s.th.); to invalidate,
 manq destroyed, demolished, nuqaia droplet
wrecked; broken, violated; undone,
naqqa dropping tube, dropper,
repealed, abrogated, annulled; refutable,
pipette
disprovable
manq having one (diacritical)
munqi contradictory, contrary,
point; pointed, having (diacritical) points;
incompatible, inconsistent
spotted, dotted, speckled
(dtah) self-contradictory
(fala) semicolon
mutanqi mutually
munaqqa pointed, having
contradicting, contradictory, conflicting,
(diacritical) points; spotted, dotted,
mutually incompatible; pl.
speckled
contrasts, contrarieties, contradictions,
oppositions naqaa a (naq) to soak, steep (
s.th. in); to infuse, brew ( tea, etc.); to
naqaa u (naq) to point, provide with
slake, quench ( thirst); to stagnate, be
diacritical points ( a letter) II do.; to
stagnant, gather in a pool (water) IV to
spot, dot, dab, stain, speckle ( s.th.); to
soak, macerate ( s.th. in a liquid); to
fall in drops, drip; to cause ( s.th.) to slake, quench ( thirst) X to stagnate, be
drip, let ( s.th.) fall in drops, drop (
stagnant; to become impure and foul by
s.th.); to distribute ( or s.th.) as a
stagnation (water); to be swampy (ground)
present ( to s.o.); to give a wedding
present (la to the bride) naq maceration, soaking, steeping;
infusion; (pl. anqu) stagnant water,
nuqa pl. nuqa, niq point,
quagmire, swamp, bog; (pl. niq,
dot; diacritical point; period, full stop;
nuq) dust 993
drop; jot, title, speck; trifle, tiny piece;
part (esp., of motors, of machines); matter, nuqa infusion
affair, subject, point; detail, particular; O nuqyt infusoria
item; spot, location, site; place, village,
hamlet, market town naq infusion; that with which s.th.
is soaked or permeated; (eg.) juice
(geogr.); branch, post (adm.); base, obtained from dried fruits soaked in water
position, outpost (mil.); (eg.) wedding
present; colon (typ.) naq dried fruit, dried apricots
n. al-ittil junction (of traffic lanes); O manqa pl. manqi2 quagmire,
fortified position, pocket of swamp, bog;, sump, place where water
resistance (mil.); O ( assya) gathers m. ad-dam place of
key position; interrogation execution
mark; n. al-if or
fire station; police station, manq macerated, soaked;
station house; n. at-taawwul infusion
turning point, turn of events, turn of the mustanqa pl. -t quagmire,
tide; grease nipples (of motors); swamp, bog; moor, morass, marsh, fen
( gumrukya) customs station, umm l-m. swamp fever,
customhouse; O ( krijya) malaria
outpost; n. ad-danab aphelion
naqf, niqf chick
(astron.); n. ar-ras perihelion
(astron.); n. al-anbar mole; naqala u (naql) to move from its place,
beauty spot; n. al-ain leucoma move away, displace ( s.th.); to remove,
(med.); O combat area, zone of take away, carry away, carry, transport (
action; epilepsy; ( fauz) s.th. to); to transfer, transplant, shift,
victory on points (in sports) translocate, relocate ( ... s.o.,
s.th. from ... to); to transmit, convey,
nuq (syr., eg.) wedding present
communicate, bring, deliver, make overt
to the bride
pass on, hand over ( s.th. to s.o.); to
remove, dismiss ( s.o.); to move, remove
( to); to copy ( from); to translate (
... from one language into the other); to
hand down, pass on, report, relate (
s.th. to s.o., from, or baaed. on, s.o. or
a source); to quote ( an author or a
literary work); to render ( a text); to
enter, post ( an item; in bookkeeping); to
communicate, spread ( a disease to
s.o.), infect ( s.o. with); to transfer,
assign, convey, cede ( s.th., esp. a
right, to s.o.) II to move, move away,
displace, move on, move forward,
advance, transport, move about, let
wander, let roam ( s.th., esp., a great deal
of s.th. or a great number of things, s.th.
successively, one thing after the other)
( kuhu) to stride along, move other)
along III to exchange ( with s.o.
words); to cast, shoot ( at s.o. glances);
to report ( to s.o., s.th.), inform ( s.o.
of); to hand, pass ( to s.o. s.th.) V to be
carried, be carried away, be removed, be
transported; to be transferred, be
conveyed, be assigned; O to be
transmitted (by radio); to shift, change its
locality; to change ones residence,
remove, go elsewhere; to change position
(mil.); to move about; to walk about; to
rove, roam, migrate, wander, travel about
( m. al-balga) to be entry, posting (in an account book);
versed in rhetoric VI to carry, transport (
s.th.); to report to one another, relate or
tell each other ( s.th.); to exchange (
s.th.); to spread, report, relate ( a story,
etc.), pass on, hand down ( s.th.); to
spread by word of mouth ( s.th.)
( alsun) to pass from mouth to
mouth, be on everybodys lips, be the talk
of the town; ( aid) to pass from
hand to hand, change hands;
( kabara) the report was taken up by
the entire press; ( kalama) to talk
with one another, have a talk VIII to be
carried, be carried away, be removed, be
transported; to be transferred, be
conveyed, be assigned; O to be
transmitted (by radio); to shift, change its
locality; to change ones residence,
remove, go elsewhere; to change position
(mil.); to walk about; to rove, roam,
migrate, wander, travel about; to be
transferred (official); to be turned over, be
delivered, be transferred (ship); to be
communicated (disease), spread ( to); to
be spread, circulate, make the rounds
(rumor); to be transplanted ( into or to);
to move, move along, travel; 994 to
betake o.s., proceed, go, take the road (
to). head ( for), turn ( to); to apply
o.s., turn ( to a field of interest); to turn,
make a turn ( into another street; of an
automobile); to pass ( from one owner
to the other); O to be propagated,
spread (waves, etc.; to, occasionally
also ;)O to jump across (el. spark); to
shift (from attack to defense); to go away,
depart ( and from), leave a place (
and ;)to go around ( in or among),
make the round ( of), visit (one after the
to shift, translocate,
relocate s.th. to; ( ramati
llh) lit.: to pass away into Gods mercy,
i.e., to die; ( j. rabbih) lit.:
to be transferred into the presence of the
Lord, i.e., to die, pass away
naql carrying, carriage; conveyance,
transportation, transport; removal;
translocation, relocation, transplantation;
transfer (also, e.g., of an official); change
of residence, move, remove; transmission
(also by radio); translation; transcription,
transcript, copy; tradition; report, account;
conveyance, transfer, assignment, cession
based on, according to; n.
ad-dam and blood transfusion; O
n. a-uwar bi-l-l-silk
radio-photography; motor
transport (of passengers and cargoes);
ujrat an-n. cartage, carriage, freight;
sayyrat an-n. truck, lorry;
transfer fees, assignment fees;
means of transportation, conveyances
naql traditionary, traditional; of or
pertaining to transportation, transport- (in
compounds) ( sayyra) truck,
lorry
naqlyt transport services,
transportation system, transportation;
transports
( askarya) troop
transports
 naql, nuql pl. nuql candied
almonds or nuts, candy, sweets, dried
fruits, etc., as a dessert
naqal rubble, debris
nuqla migration
nuqla pl. nuqal gossip; pattern,
model
naqql portable, transportable
naqqla pl. -t stretcher;
ambulance; transport, transport vessel;
truck, lorry
naql (yem.) mountain trail, defile,
pass
manqal and manqala pl.
manqil2 brazier
manqala a days march; way
station, stopping place; O protractor
tanaqqul change of locality; change
of residence; (mil.) change of position,
station or garrison; traveling, roving,
roaming, wandering, migration;
conveyance, transportation, transport;
transmission (radio); transfer; reshuffle,
shake-up, reorganization, change of
personnel; regrouping, shifting,
rearrangement
intiql change of locality;
locomotion; change of residence, move,
remove, removal; translocation,
relocation; transfer; conveyance,
transportation, transport; transition (
from -- to); transmission;
communication, infection; transit, passage
(of the sun through the zodiac); demise,
death aur al-int. transition
period; fatrat al-int. interim
period, interim stage, stage of transition;
d int. al-adr Day of the spite, grudge, resentment; misfortune,
Assumption of the Virgin (Chr.) 995
intiql: ( ahd) transition
period
nqil pl. -n, naqala, nuqql
carrying; carrier; bearer; translator;
copyist; -- conductor (el.) n.
as-sura gear-shift lever (of an
automobile)
nqila pl. -t transport, transport
vessel n. al-betrl and
n. az-zait tanker; troop-
ship, transport; aircraft carrier
nqilya conductivity (el.)
manql carried, conveyed,
transported; transferred; transmitted;
translated; copied, transcribed; movable,
mobile, portable; handed down,
traditional; traditional stock; (pl. -t) a
movable thing or ( )
movable property, movables, effects,
personal property; m. al-
manzil household furniture, household
effects
mutanaqqil movable, mobile;
portable; ambulant, itinerant, migrant,
roving, roaming; nomad; inconstant,
changing ( mustaf)
temporary field hospital, ambulance
muntaqil ambulatory; movable,
mobile; contagious, infectious,
communicable the movable
feasts; ( illa) contagious disease
naqama i (naqm) and naqima a (naqam) to
revenge o.s., avenge o.s., take revenge (
on s.o.), take vengeance; to be hostile (
to), be full of rancor or vindictiveness,
have a spite, be resentful ( against s.o.),
be mad, angry ( at s.o., for, because
00; to hate, loathe, detest ( s.o.); to
hold s.th. ( )against s.o. ( )VIII to
revenge o.s., avenge o.s. take revenge (
on); to take vengeance ( for)
naqma revenge, vengeance; rancor,
spite, grudge, resentment; misfortune,
adversity, punishment, trial, affliction,
heavy blow; retribution
niqma, naqima pl. niqam,
niqamt revenge, vengeance; rancor,
adversity, punishment, trial, affliction,
heavy blow
intiqm revenge, vengeance
nqim avenger; hostile ( to);
indignant, angry ( at or about)
muntaqim avenger; vindictive,
revengeful
1
naqnaqa to croak (frog); to cackle, cluck
(hen); to gnaw, nibble
2
naqniq2 small mutton sausages (syr.) mocker, scoffer
naqaha a ( nuqh) and naqiha a (naqah)
to be on the road to recovery, to
convalesce; to recover, recuperate (
from) VIII do.
naqah and naqha recovery,
convalescence
naqih recovering, convalescent
naqha recovery, convalescence
rest center, convalescent home
nqih a convalescent
( and ( naqiya a ( naq,
naqwa, nuqwa) to be pure II to purify,
cleean, cleanse ( s.th.); to rid of
extraneous matter ( s.th.); to &elect, pick
out, cull, sift, sort ( s.th.); to hand-pick (
s.th.) IV to purify, clean, cleanse (
s.th.) VIII to pick out, select ( s.th.)
naq purity
naqwa, nuqwa purity; O
fineness (of a precious metal); selection,
culling; elite; pick, best
nuqya selection, elite, pick 996 .Li:ll ifIJiqij' eel.ction I 0 .Li::l)ll Jo
J naqly pl. .W "iqd', .\,.ill aRqiyil" 'Jol'

pure, clean, imm&CWate, unstained i (q'Ild,a) eel.ctivity (radic)

clear, .;::... m"fIJaqa" eel.cted; eelect
limpid, free of dirt or .xtraneous matter ts:.; Ral:a'a a (s.!ll Rak') to scrape the
~ taRqiya cleaning, cle&lllling, purifl. scab

cation; sifting, BOrting (. off a wound)

pun, play on wards; the point of a joke ..,.s:.; Ral:aba " (Ra.l:l>, Ral:ab) to
I make un

0:::.11 ~l.- quick.witted, quick at happy, miserabl., aftlict, distress (. s.a.;

repartee of fate); to drop (. s.th.); to put (. s.a.)
.;,15::; Rakkdt witty; humoroua, out of favor; - (y~ ""k/lb) to blow
piquant;
sid.ways; to veer, shift (wind); -
(Ra.l:l>,
""k/lb) to d.viate, sw.rv. (.:r from, esp.,
from a path, road, route, courae) II to
avert, divert, deBect, tum away,
remove
(. s.th.) V to d.viate, swerve (. or .:r
from); to avoid, shun, eschew (A or .:r
s.th.); to refrain (.:r from), steer clear
 (.:r of); to take upon one's should....
ta shoulder, take upon o.8., assume (A
s.th.) l.:r "'! ..,.s:::; to make s.o. d.viate
or
swerve from
..,.s:.; Ral:b pl. y ~ "dub and ~
Rakba pl. Ral:aMt misfortune,
calamity;
disaster, catastrophe
mankib pl. mankib2
shoulder; side, flank; highland, upland
( mankibaihi, haw) peevish, cross, bad-tempered
approx.: to race along, dash along
mankb fate-stricken, afflicted
with disaster; unhappy, unfortunate, ill-
fated, miserable; victim (of a catastrophe)
nakata u (nakt) to scratch up ( the
ground) II to crack jokes ( about s.o.),
poke fun ( at), ridicule ( s.o.)
nukta pl. nukat, nikt jot,
title, speck, spot; witty remark, witticism,
wisecrack, joke; anecdote; pun, play on
words; the point of joke
quick-witted, quick at repartee
nakkt witty; humorous, piquant;
mocker, scoffer
tankt chaffing, legpulling;
teasing, banter, raillery, mockery; joking,
jesting, fun-making
munakkit mocker, scoffer
nakata u i (nakt) to break, violate, infringe
( a contract or similar legal obligation)
VIII to be broken, be violated
nakt breach, violation (of a
contract, etc.)
nkit perfidious, faithless, false,
disloyal
nakaa u i a ( nik) to marry ( a
woman), get married ( with) III to
become related by marriage ( to s.o.) IV
to give in marriage ( to s.o. a girl)
nik marriage; marriage contract;
matrimony, wedlock
manki2 (pl.) women
nakida a (nakad) to be hard, harsh,
difficult; to be unhappy, miserable; --
nakada u (nakd) to give little ( to s.o.); to
torment, pester, molest ( s.o.) II to make
life hard, difficult, miserable ( for s.o.),
embitter s.o.s ( )life III to torment,
harass, pester, molest ( s.o.) V to be made
miserable, be embittered (life)
nakd pl. ankd misfortune;
hardship, adversity; molestation, trouble,
nuisance; worry, concern
misfortune
nakid pl. ankd, mankd2
hard, troublesome, laborious; unhappy;
ankad2 troublesome, painful,
excruciating 997
munkada pl. -t inconvenience,
discomfort, trouble, burden
mankd unhappy, unfortunate; ill-
fated m. al-a pl.
mankd al-. ill-starred, unlucky,
unfortunate
nakira u (nakar, nukr, nukr,
nakr) not to know ( s.o., s.th.), have
no knowledge, be ignorant ( of s.th.); to
deny, disown, disavow, renege ( s.th.) II
to disguise, mask ( s.o.); to use in its
indefinite form ( a noun; gram.) III to
disapprove ( of s.o.), reject ( s.o.) IV to
pretend not to know ( s.o.), refuse to have
anything to do ( with s.o., with s.th.);
to refuse to acknowledge, disown,
disavow, disclaim, deny ( s.th.); to
renounce, renege ( s.th.); to refuse, deny
( s.th. to s.o.), dispute, contest (
s.th. of s.o.); to reject ( s.th. with
regard to s.o.), disapprove ( of s.th.
with regard to s.o.); to censure, blame,
rebuke ( s.o. for), criticize ( s.th.
in s.o.); to hold s.th. ( )against s.o. (),
reproach ( s.o. for)
(dtah) to deny o.s. ; ( nafsah)
to harbor self-doubts; I istinkr disapproval; horror,
pretended not to see him V to be in
disguise, be disguised, disguise o.s.; to
change for the worse, change beyond
recognition; to become estranged, be
alienated ( from s.th.); to .nub ( s.o.),
treat ( s.o.) with hostility, deal
ungraciously ( with s.o.); to deny o.s. (,
e.g., a feeling), shut out from ones heart (
s.th.) VI to have no knowledge, be
ignorant ( of s.th.); to pretend not to
know ( s.th.), feign ignorance, make as if
one doesnt know; to refuse to have
anything to do ( with), snub, cut, ignore,
pretend not to know ( s.o.) X not to know
( s.o., s.th.), have no knowledge, be
ignorant ( of s.th.); to disapprove ( of
s.th.), reject ( s.th,); to detect, loathe (
s.th.)
nukr denial, disavowal
nakir unknown, little known
nakira indefinite noun (gram.);
unknown person
nukrn denial l
nukrna it is incontestable;
ingratitude; self-denial
nakr denial, disavowal;
disapproval, rejection; negation;
reprehensible, repugnant, disgusting, vile,
revolting, loathsome, abominable,
atrocious; one of the Angels of Death (see
( ( adda) to reproach ( a flag) VIII to be turned over, be
s.o. severely
ankar2, f. nakr
reprehensible, abominable, disgusting,
vile, revolting, loathsome
vicious smile
inkr denial, disavowal, negation,
contestation; refusal, rejection, non-
acceptance self-denial,
selflessness, unselfishness; ( li-
jamlih) ingratitude toward s.o.
inkr denying, disaffirmative;
negative
tanakkur disguise, masquerade
mafil at-t. fancy-dress party,
costume ball
tanakkur: ( afl)
masked ball, costume ball
aversion, loathing
nkir denying, disavowing;
unfriendly, hostile, forbidding
ungrateful
munakkar indeterminate; indefinite
(gram.)
munkar denied; not recognized,
unacknowledged, disowned, disavowed,
disclaimed; disagreeable, shocking,
detestable, abominable; abomination,
atrocity; pl. objectionable,
forbidden, 998 or reprehensible, actions
the two angels who examine the
dead in their graves as to their faith
mutanakkir disguised, in disguise;
incognito ( raq) masked ball,
costume ball
mustankar objectionable,
reprehensible; odd, strange
nakaza u (nakz) to prick; to goad, egg on (
s.o.)
nakasa u (naks) to turn around, turn over,
invert, reverse, turn upside down
( s.th.); to lower, withdraw, retract,
pull in ( s.th.); to bow, bend, tilt (
rasah or ones head); to cause a
relapse ( of an illness); pass. nukisa, to
suffer a relapse II = I; to hang at half-mast
inverted, be reversed; to sink, drop
forward (head); to relapse, suffer a relapse
 nuks and naksa relapse;
degeneration, degeneracy; decadence
tanakkus degeneration (biol.)
intiks relapse
manks inverted, reversed;
relapsing, suffering a relapse
munakkas inverted, reversed
m. ar-ras with bowed head
muntakis relapsing, suffering a
relapse
nakaa i a (nak) to clear out, dredge,
clean ( s.th., esp., a well); to stir up, rout
up, turn up, hoe up, rake up, dig up, break
( the ground); to rummage, ransack,
search ( s.th.); to disorder, ruffle, tousle,
dishevel ( s.th.); to shake ( trees)
minka pl. manki hoe,
mattock; rake
mink pl. mank2 O
dredger; poker, fire iron; (eg.) pickax
nakaa i u (nak, nuk,
manka) to withdraw, turn away (
from); to recoil, shrink ( from)
( aqibaihi) to retreat, climb
down, give up ones intention II to cause (
s.o.) to retreat VIII to fall back, recoil,
retreat
nakafa u (nakf) to stop, arrest ( s.th.); to
disdain, scorn, spurn ( s.th.); to
reject ( s.th.) ( yunkafu)
irresistible, resistles8; immeasurable,
unfathomable III to vex, annoy, trouble,
pester, harass, torment ( s.o., with) X to
be proud, haughty; to disdain, scorn,
spurn, reject ( or s.th.), look down
upon ( or ), have an aversion ( or
to), loathe, detest ( or s.th., also
;)to refrain ( from doing s.th.)
nakafa parotid gland
nakaf parotid (adj.) calumny; (pl. -n, animm2)
( gudda) inflammation of the parotid
gland, parotitis, mumps (med.)
nukf O parotitis, mumps (med.)
1 nammm (eg.) a variety of mint
nakala i u ( nukl) and nakila a
(nakal) to recoil, shrink ( or from),
flinch, shirk ( or s.th.), desist,
refrain, abstain, draw back, withdraw (
or from); -- nakala ( nakla) and II to
make an example ( of s.o.), punish
severely ( s.o.), teach s.o. ( )a lesson;
to maltreat, torture ( s.o.) II and IV to
repel, force back, drive back, hold off,
deter ( s.o. from)
nikl pl. ankl, nukl fetter,
shackle, chain; bit (of a bridle)
nakl exemplary punishment,
warning example, warning
nukl refusal to testify in court
(Isl. Law)
tankl exemplary punishment;
forcing back, driving back. containment;
maltreatment, torture 999
2
nikl nickel
nakaha i u (nakh) to blow, breathe ( or
in s.o.s face)
nakha smell of the breath;
fragrance, smell, scent, aroma
nak i ( nihya) to cause damage, to
harm; to hurt, injure ( or s.o.); to vex,
annoy, offend ( s.o.)
nikya wrong, harm, damage,
prejudice; vexation, annoyance, grievance,
offense, outrage, chicanery
nikyatan fhi in defiance of him, to spite
him; ( aglaa, nikya) to beset
s.o. grievously, ride roughshod over s.o.
ank worse; causing more damage,
more harmful, hurting or offending more
grievously
1
namma u i (namm) to betray, reveal,
disclose, bespeak, indicate, show ( or
s.th.); to give evidence ( of s.th.); to
report in a libelous manner ( s.th.
about s.o.), sow dissension ( among or
between)
namm slander, calumniation,
talebearer, scandalmonger, slanderer,
calumniator
nimma louse
(Mentha sativa L.; bot.)
nammm slanderer, calumniator
 namma pl. namim2 slander,
defamation, calumny
nmma stir, bustle, life
2
numm pl. -t coin ilm an-n. namia a (nama) to be freckled, have
numismatics
look up alphabetically
1
V to become angry, furious ( with s.o.),
turn into a tiger; to bluster, swagger
namir pl. numur, anmr
leopard; tiger
namir clean, pure, healthy,
wholesome (esp., water)
namira leopardess; tigress
numra pl. numar speck, spot
anmar2, f. namr2, pl.
numr spotted, striped, brindled
munammar spotted, striped,
brindled
2
II to mark with numbers, to number,
provide with a number ( s.th.)
numra, nimra pl. numar, nimar
number, numero; figure nimrat
w. first-class, first-rate, A-1, excellent
nammra pl. -t numberer,
numbering machine, date stamp
tanmr numbering, numeration,
count
munammar numbered, counted
numrus pl. namrisa (eg.) namila a (namal) to tingle, prickle, be
chinaware dealer
numruq and numruqa pl.
namriq2 cushion, pad; pillow; panel,
saddle pad
namasa i (nams) to keep secret, hide,
conceal ( s.th.); to confide a secret ( to
s.o.), confide in s.o. (), let ( s.o.) in on a
secret, make ( s.o.) ones confidant III to
confide a secret ( to s.o.)
nims (coll.; n. un. )pl.
nums ichneumon, mongoose; ferret,
marten, weasel
2
nms pl. nawms sly,
cunning, wily; confidant; (coll.; n. un. )
mosquito(es); see also alphabetically
the Archangel Gabriel
nmsya mosquito net 1000
nims, an-nims Austria
nimsw Austrian (adj. and n.)
freckles
nama (cols.; n. un. )freckles;
discolored spots on the skin
nami freckled
anma2, f. nam2, pl.
num freckled
nama pl. nim, anm way,
manner, mode, fashion; form, shape; sort,
kind in the manner of;
in this manner, this way, after this
fashion; new-fashioned, modem;
old-fashioned, outmoded;
they are of the same stamp, they
are all alike
nama formal, rigid, stiff
II to embellish, decorate, ornament, adorn
( s.th.); to write in an elegant, lofty style
( s.th.); to compose ( a text)
tanmq ornamentation,
embellishment; glorification, exaltation,
ago grandizement; elaborate
embellishment (with figures of speech);
composition (of a text, in elegant style)
munammaq adorned, embellished;
elegant, in good style, ornate, flowery
(text, language)
numb, be benumbed (a limb)
naml (cols.; n. un. )pl. niml
ant
naml antlike; ant- (in compounds);
formic
namlya meat safe, food safe
namal itching, tickling sensation;
tingle, prickle, pricking sensation
namil creeping, crawling; teeming
with ants; nimble, deft
anmula pl. anmil2 fingertip
tanml itching, tickling sensation;
tingle, prickle, pricking sensation
manml teeming with ants
 namnama to stripe, streak ( s.th.); to
adorn, embellish, ornament ( s.th.)
nimnim streaks or ripples in the
sand (caused by the wind)
namnama, nimnima wren (zoo.)
O munamnama miniature
) )nam u ( numuw) to grow; to
increase; to rise
numuw growth; progress
namdaj, numdaj pl. -t and
namdij2 model; type; pattern; sample,
specimen; exemplar, example; blank, form
namdaj exemplary, model
nam i (namy, nam,
namya) to grow; to increase, augment,
multiply; to rise; to progress, make
progress, advance; to thrive, prosper,
flourish; to be ascribed, be attributed (
to s.o.); to ascribe, attribute ( s.th. to
s.o.); to be told, be reported ( to s.o.; of
an event), reach ( s.o.; news), come to
s.o.s knowledge II and IV to make grow,
increase, augment, promote, further,
advance ( s.th,)VIII to trace ones origin
( to s.o.), descend, be descended (
from), be related ( to); to be affiliated,
be associated, have connections ( with);
to depend, be dependent ( on); to
belong ( to, esp., to an organization), be
a member ( of an organization)
nam growth, expansion, increase,
augmentation, increment, accretion
namy growth, expansion, increase,
augmentation, increment, accretion 1001
namh pl. small louse
tanmiya expansion, promotion,
furtherance, advancement; increase,
augmentation; raising, stepping up,
intensification, boost
inm expansion, promotion,
furtherance, advancement, increase,
augmentation; raising, stepping up,
intensification, boost; cultivation,
breeding (of plants)
intim membership
nmiya pl. nawmin growth;
morbid growth, morbid formation,
excrescence, tumor (med.)
( saranya) cancerous
formations (med.)
muntamin belonging, pertaining
muntaman descent, origin,
relationship, affiliation. membership
nahaba a u and nahiba a (nahb) to
plunder, rifle, take by force ( s.th.)
nahaba l-ara and ( arqa) to
cover the distance ( to) quickly or at
tremendous speed IV to let ( s.o.) rifle (
s.th.); to leave, surrender as booty ( to
s.o. s.th.) VI to grip, seize ( the soul, the
heart) ( ara adwan) to
race along at a tearing pace VIII to grip,
seize ( the soul, the heart); to rifle,
snatch away ( s.th.); to take in eagerly,
devour ( s.th.; said of the eyes)
( arqa) to cover the distance (
to) quickly or at tremendous speed
nahb robbery, plundering, pillage,
looting, spoliation; gallop; (pl. nihb)
plunder, spoils, booty, loot; nahban by
robbery
nuhba booty, plunder, spoils, loot
nuhb booty, plunder, spoils, loot
nahhb robber; plunderer,
marauder, looter
nahbura abyss; hell
nahaja a (nahj) to proceed, act; to enter (
upon a road), take ( a route or course),
follow, pursue ( a way, a road); to make
clear, clarify ( s.th.); to be open, plain,
distinct; -- nahaja i and nahija a (nahaj)
to be out of breath, gasp for breath, pant
( kiatan) to pursue a plan; to
assume an attitude;
(minwlih) to follow s.o.s example II to
put out of breath, make breathless, cause
to pant ( s.o.) IV do.; to be clear (matter,
affair); to make clear, clarify, explain (
s.th.) VIII to enter ( upon a road), take (
a route or course), follow, pursue ( a
way, a road) ( sablah) and X
to follow s.o.s example, follow
s.o.s footsteps, imitate s.o.
nahj pl. nuhj open way; road;
method, procedure, manner
(nahjah) to follow s.o.s method;
 the straight path, the right way, the and night; ( anhar) a wonderful
proper manner day
nahaj quick breathing, panting; nahr relating to day or daytime,
breathlessness diurnal; news of the day,
miscellany (heading of a newspaper
nahj quick breathing, panting;
column)
breathlessness
nhij open, plain road anhar2 see nahr
nahr copious, ample, abundant,
manhaj, minhaj pl. manhij2
plentiful, much
open, plain, easy road; manner, procedure,
method; program; course nuhair pl. -t little river, creek,
curriculum; m. al-baht brook; a tributary, an affluent
methodology of research, research intihr rebuke, scolding,
methods reprimand, reproof; rejection, rebuff,
minhj pl. manhj way, repulse, repulsion
road; method; program nahaza a (nahz) to push, thrust,
nahada a u ( nuhd) to become shove ( s.o.); to drive, urge on ( s.o.); to
round and full, swell (breasts); to be repulse, hold off, ward off ( s.o.) III to be
buxom, have round, swelling breasts V to near s.th. (, esp., fig.), approach, attain,
sigh VI to share the expenses; to distribute reach ( s.th.); to seize ( s.th.)
among each other in equal shares ( s.th.) to attain (the age of) majority;
1002 he was close to fifty, he was
pushing fifty VIII ( al-furata)
nahd pl. nuhd female breast,
to seize or take the opportunity, take
bosom; elevation, rise, hump, bump
advantage or avail o.s. of the opportunity;
tanahhud pl. -t sigh ( furatan) to use s.th. as an
nhid full, round, swelling (breast); opportunity for
in the bloom of youth; buxom nuhza opportunity, occasion
nahara a (nahr) to flow copiously, stream nahhz: n. al-fura quick
forth, gush forth; to chide, scold, reproach to seize an opportunity, an opportunist
( s.o.); to turn away with angry words,
intihz: int. al-fura
brush off, rebuff, reject, repulse, drive
exploitation of opportunities, opportunism
away, chase away ( s.o.) VIII to chide,
scold ( s.o.); to drive away, chase away ( intihz timeserver, opportunist
s.o.) intihzya opportunism
nahr pl. anhur, anhr, nahaa i (nah) to bite, snap, grab
nuhr, stream, river; -- (pl. anhur and with the teeth ( s.th.); to tear to pieces,
anhr) column (of a newspaper) mangle (.s.o.)
( nahrain) Mesopotamia;
Transoxiana; Eridanus (astron.); nahh snappish, biting,
n. urdunn the Jordan river; n. as- mordacious, sharp
salm the Tigris; the Jordan nahaa a (nah, nuh) to
river rise, get up ( from a seat, from bed); to
nahr river- (in compounds), take off, start (airplane); to pounce ( on
riverine, fluvial, fluviatile s.o., on s.th.); to raise, lift, hoist, heave,
carry ( s.o., s.th.); to carry on, practice,
nahr pl. anhur, nuhur pursue, attack resolutely, tackle. handle,
daytime, day (from dawn to dusk, as take in ones hands, further, promote,
distinguished from yaum = day of 24 encourage ( s.th.), give a boost, give
hours) nahran wa-lailan by impetus ( to s.th.), bring new life ( into
day and by night; laila nahra day
 s.th.), bring about an upswing ( of s.th.); nahaqa, nahiqa a (nahq, nuhq,
to stand up ( for), take up the cause of ( nahq) to bray (donkey)
), espouse, support, endorse, champion (
nahaka a ( nahka) to wear off, wear
s.th.); to rise, revolt, rebel ( against
out, use up, consume ( s.th.); to grind
s.o.); to get ready, prepare ( for a piece of down, crush ( s.th.); -- (nahk) and nahika
work, a task, or the like), begin, start, a (nahk, nahka) to exhaust, weaken,
undertake ( s.th.), enter, embark ( enfeeble, debilitate, sap the strength of,
upon); to be apposite, pertinent, apropos wear out, wear down, enervate, unnerve,
(argument) ( qiman) he got waste, emaciate ( s.o.); nahika and pass.
on his 1003 feet, he got up; ( bi- nuhika to be worn off, worn out, run down,
l-amr) to assume power, take the used up, spent, exhausted, enervated, gaunt,
command; ( ujja) proof bee emaciated ( irah) to injure
been established for ; s.o.s honor IV to exhaust, wear out,
( ay) to take losses and enervate, ruin ( s.o.) VIII to waste,
sacrifices readily upon o.s. III to offer emaciate, enervate, exhaust ( s.o.); to
resistance ( to), resist, oppose, defy (s.o.); violate, abuse, defile, profane, desecrate (
to argue, dispute ( with s.o.) IV to tell ( s.th.); to infringe, violate ( a law), offend
s.o.) to rise, lift up, raise, help up ( s.o.), against ( ;)to rape, ravish ( a woman); to
awaken, (a)rouse, stir up, animate, inspire, insult, defame, malign, slander, abuse,
stimulate, excite, incite ( s.o.) VI to get brutalize ( a man) yuntahaku
up, stand up, rise, draw o.s. up VIII do. X inviolable, sacrosanct, sacred, consecrated
to awaken, (a)rouse, stimulate, animate,
encourage, incite, instigate, egg on ( s.o., nallk weakening, exhaustion,
to) enervation, attrition; consumption,
depletion, exhaustion; abuse, misuse;
nah awakening, rise, growth, infraction, violation; profanation,
boom, upswing, advancement, progress desecration; sacrilege
naha pl. -t getting up, rising; nahka exhaustion; emaciation,
awakening (esp., national), rise, growth, wasting away
boom, upswing, advancement, progress;
resurgence, revival, rebirth, renaissance; inhk exhaustion
(spiritual) movement; ability, capability, intihk weakening, exhaustion,
power d an-n. Day of enervation, attrition; consumption,
National Awakening (of Iraq, celebrated on depletion, exhaustion; abuse, misuse;
the 9th of Shaban) infraction, violation; profanation,
nuh raising, boosting, revival, desecration; sacrilege; rape
restoration, promotion, advancement, int. al-urma sacrilege: int.
furtherance, encouragement, activation ( al-aura offense involving moral turpitude
of s.th.) munhik grueling, exhausting
munhaa resistance, opposition nahila a (nahal, manhal) to
inh awakening, arousing, drink
stimulation, animation; promotion,. nahla pl. nahalt drink, draught,
advancement, encouragement, initiation of gulp, swallow
an upswing, of a boom
manhal pl. manhil watering
istinh awakening, arousing, place, spring, pool 1004
stimulation, animation; promotion,
advancement, encouragement, initiation of nahima a (naham, nahma) to have a
an upswing, of a boom ravenous appetite, be insatiable; to be
greedy, covetous ( of)
nhi rising, getting up; active,
diligent, energetic conclusive naham, ravenous appetite, voracity;
proof, cogent evidence greed, greediness, avidity
 nahma burning desire, craving, nahy prohibition, ban, interdiction,
greed, avidity proscription ( amr) unlimited,
absolute authority, dictatorial power,
nahim greedy, avid; insatiable,
command
voracious; glutton, gourmand
nahy prohibitory, prohibitive,
nahm greedy, avid; insatiable,
prohibitionary
voracious; glutton, gourmand
nuhan intelligence, understanding,
manhm greedy, avid; insatiable;
reason, mind, intellect
covetous, desirous ( of s.th.)
nuhya mind, intellect
nahnaha to restrain, hold back, keep,
prevent ( s.o. from); to sob nih utmost degree, limit
)and )nah u (nahw) and nihya pl. -t end; termination,
nah a (nahy) to forbid ( s.o. s.th., to do conclusion; outcome, result, upshot; the
s.th.), prohibit, ban ( s.o. from doing utmost; limit, utmost degree, extreme,
s.th.), interdict, proscribe ( to s.o. s.th.); extremity; nihyatan in the end, at last,
to restrain, hold back, keep, prevent ( finally, ultimately, eventually in
s.o. from); pass. nuhiya to come, get ( the end, at last, finally, ultimately,
to s.o.; of news), reach ( s.o.), come to eventually; to the end; ( bi-
s.o.s knowledge IV to get ( s.th. to l) unending(ly); or
s.o.), make s.th. ( )reach s.o. ( ;)to ) nihyata) unendingly, to infinity, ad
communicate, transmit, make known ( infinitum; to the greatest extent,
s.th. to s.o.), bring ( s.th.) to s.o.s () extremely; n. al-arab the ultimate
knowledge, inform, apprise ( s.o. of goal; ( ugr) minimum;
s.th.); to bring to an end, terminate, finish, ( ) )kubr, um) maximum;
end, wind up, conclude, complete ( s.th.); ( uly) the best grade, the highest
to put an end to s.th. (), settle, decide ( rating (in a system of school marks);
s.th.) VI to come to an end, run out, expire ( al darajatin) absolute
(period of time); to attain a high degree; to maximum (of temperature); 1005
come, get ( to s.o.), reach ( s.o.); to ( aq d.) absolute
desist, refrain, abstain ( from), give up, minimum; add an-n. utmost limit,
renounce, forgo, abandon ( s.th.), cease, last step; ( nihyatan, idq)
stop ( doing s.th.) to be the ne plus ultra of skill, be extremely
(asmihim) to come to s.o.s hearing, to skillful
s.o.s knowledge VIII to be concluded, nih extreme, utmost, last, final;
terminated, finished, done with, settled, ultimate, eventual; final, decisive,
decided, be over; to run out, expire, come conclusive, definitive; at last, finally
to an end (appointed time); to end, end up, ( indr) or ( balg)
wind up ( by, in or with); to finish, ultimatum; ( ukm) final decision,
terminate, conclude, wind up ( s.th.), be final judgment (jur.); extreme
or become finished, done, be through ( remedy, last resource; ( fauz) ultimate
with s.th.); to wind up, land eventually ( triumph, eventual success; a
at), get ultimately ( to); (with ) to final match, final (in sports)
come or lead to the point where ..., end at
the point where, get eventually so that ..., l-nih infinite, unending
result in; to come to s.o.s ( )knowledge; l-nihya infinity
to lead, lead up, bring ( s.o. to); to
desist, refrain, abstain ( from s.th.), give inh finishing, termination,
up, renounce, forgo, abandon ( s.th.), completion, conclusion; settlement;
cease, stop ( doing s.th.) suspension, stop
the upshot was that, the long and short of tanhin finity, finitude, limitedness;
it was that ; he got to expiration (of a period of time)
the point where ...
 intih end, termination, munwaa resistance, opposition,
completion, conclusion, close; expiration recalcitrance, insubordination; struggle,
int. al-ajal end of life, death contention, strife
2
nhin interdictory, prohibitory, ) )nba u (naub, manb,
prohibitive ( rajulun niyba) to represent ( s.o.), act as
nhka) here is a man to fill any mans representative ( of s.o.), deputize,
shoes; ( also or )how excellent substitute ( for s.o.), act as deputy,
is! how remarkable is ! suffice it to ! substitute, or proxy ( of s.o.), take s.o.s
let it be enough to ! to say nothing of ..., ( )place, replace ( s.o.), perform
not to mention , let alone ...; above all, in s.o.s ( )office, act in s.o.s ( )behalf;
the first place, primarily; take, for to return from time to time ( to s.o.),
instance, ...! it is enough to mention visit periodically ( s.o.), 1006 frequent (
; ( bi-an) let it be enough to ; s.o.s place); -- (naub, nauba) to
let it suffice you to know that ...; not to afflict, hit, strike, befall ( s.o.; of
mention the fact that ...; to say nothing of misfortune), happen, occur ( to s.o.), fall
the fact that ...; aside from the fact that ... to s.o.s ( )lot or share, descend ( upon
s.o.) II to appoint ( s.o.) as deputy or
nhiya pl. nawhin ban,
agent ( of), commission, depute, or
prohibition, proscription
delegate ( s.o.) to act in behalf of ( )III
manhy forbidden, prohibited, to take turns, alternate ( with s.o.) IV to
interdicted, illicit depute, deputize ( s.o.), commission or
matanhin finished, terminated, delegate ( s.o.) to act in behalf of (), in
expired; limited, bounded, finite; utmost, s.o.s ( )place; to empower, authorize (
extreme; excessive, exaggerated s.o.) to act in behalf of ( ;)to come from
unlimited, boundless, infinite, unending, time to time ( to s.o.), visit frequently (
endless; ( diqqa) extremely thin, s.o.), frequent ( s.o.s place)
of the greatest fineness; to turn repentantly to God VI to take
(igari) extremely tiny, minute turns, alternate ( or in, also in
some activity), do s.th. ( or , also )
muntahin ceasing, running out; by turns; to visit, befall or afflict ( s.o.)
finished, done; expired (validity) successively or alternately
muntahan finished, terminated; he has suffered one misfortune after the
end; the utmost, extreme; highest degree, other VIII to befall, beset, afflict ( s.o.),
utmost limit bi-m. -idda with happen, occur ( to s.o.)
extreme force; ( m. d-diqqa) nauba pl. nuwab change,
extremely thin; to reach its highest alternation, shift, rotation; (ones) turn;
degree time, instance (= marra); case,
) )na u (nau) to fall down, sink instance, occasion; -- (pl. -t) fit, attack,
down, break down, collapse, succumb ( paroxysm (path.); crisis; change (or relief)
under a burden); to weigh heavily ( upon of the guard, guard duty, guard; bugle
s.o.) ( aml) to bear a burden call; (syr.) troupe of musicians, small
with difficulty; to be weighed down by a orchestra of native instruments
burden; ( bi-kalkalih) to oppress alternately, in rotation, by turns,
s.o. grievously, weigh heavily upon s.o. III successively, one by one, one alter the
to offer resistance ( to s.o.), resist, oppose, other; ( aabya) nervous crisis;
withstand, defy ( s.o.); to vie, compete ( n. gaabih his fits of rage;
with s.o.); to fight, struggle, contend ( with ( qalbya) heart attack; n. al-
s.o.) ( ada) to be hostile to maar rainy spells, periods of rain;
s.o., treat s.o. with hostility IV to weigh it was his turn
down, crush ( s.o.) naubatj on duty; commander of
nau pl. anw, naun, the guard, officer on duty
tempest, storm; gale, hurricane
 nauba pl. nuwab misfortune,
calamity, mishap, misadventure, accident,
reverse, heavy blow
niyba representation, replacement,
substitution, proxy, deputyship; branch
office, branch, agency; delegation;
prosecution, office of the district attorney
niybatan an in place of,
instead of, in lieu of; acting, deputy,
by proxy; ( mudr al- niba pl. -t, nawib2
malaa) the deputy director of the
department; in the name of, in
behalf of; ( ummya)
prosecution, office of the district attorney;
chief prosecutor; munawwib mandator (jur.);
representative of the prosecution,
prosecuting attorney; ( mlya)
the financial delegations (in Algeria)
niyb vicarious, deputed,
delegated; representative; parliamentary
representative (parliamentary)
government; ( majlis) parliament
manb replacement, substitution,
proxy, deputyship; substitute; office
performed by proxy, place taken as
deputy; share, portion, allotment
to represent s.o., substitute for s.o., act
in s.o.s behalf
munwaba alternation, rotation;
munwabatan alternately, in rotation, by
turns, successively, one by one, one after
the other do.; m. ar-ry
(Eg.) periodic rotation in irrigation
inba authorization; deputation,
delegation, appointment as authorized
agent or deputy ( qaya) seaman (mil.; Eg. 1939);
requests for legal assistance (from court to
court)
tanwub alternation, rotation,
periodic change; O alternation (el.)
successively, one after the other, one by
one, by turns, alternately, in rotation 1007
nib pl. nuwwb
representative, agent, proxy, substitute,
alternate; delegate; deputy; (with foll.
genit.) vice-; authorized agent; sergeant
(formerly, Syr.; mil.); authorized
representative of a cadi, assistant
magistrate (Isl. Law), also
(ar) vice-president; vice-
chairman; ( mm) or
(umm) public prosecutor;
corporal (Ir.); n. al-qunul vice-
consul; n. al-malik viceroy;
( ml) financial delegate (Alg.);
majlis an-n. house of
representatives, parliament
nib share, portion; allotment;
contingent, quota; distributive share in
estate, statutory portion
vicissitudes, ups and downs (of luck, of a
battle, etc.); heavy blow, disaster,
calamity, misfortune
constituent, voter
munawwab: officer on
duty, commander of the guard
munwib on duty (esp. officer)
munb repentant
mutanwib alternating, alternate,
rotating, successive ( ayyr)
alternating current (el.)
2
bild an-nba Nubia
nb Nubian (adj. and n.)
1
( ) )naut) to away, real, totter, stagger
2
nt and nta notes (mus.), also
n. al-msq
nta note, remark
3
nt pl. nawty, ntya
seaman, mariner, sailor; skipper
seaman apprentice, ( mumtz)
ships
crew
1
n Noah
2
) )na u (nau, nuw, niy,
niya, man) to wail, weep,
lament; to mourn, bemoan, bewail (
s.o.); to coo (pigeon) ill to be opposite
s.th. (), lie face to face ( with), face (
s.th.) V to awing; to pendulate, dangle; to
sway VI to howl, whine (wind)
nau and nuw loud loud
weeping, wailing, lamentation (for the
dead)
naww mourner
 nawwa hired female mourner fireworks; projectile (of a
nia pl. nawi2, firearm), bullet, shell
nia hired female mourner naur (coll.; n. un. )pl. anwr
blossom(s), flower(s)
mana lamentation, wailing,
mourning nr pl. anwr light; ray of
light, light beam; brightness, gleam, glow;
II to halt for a rest; to take up residence IV
to make ( a camel) kneel down; to stay, illumination; light, lamp; O head-light (of
remain ( at a place) an automobile); lantern O
(busu bi-kalkalih) to be in great distress, (barrq) blinker, flashing light; O
be in a gray, plight X to kneel down steady light; ad-dalla leading
light (naut.); ( kaf) or
mank pl. -t halting place, way searchlight (mil.); O ( kafya)
station; residence, abode; -- munk, indirect lighting; umm an-n. the
mank climate Virgin Mary; sabt an-n. Easter
munk, mank climatic Saturday (Chr.); bravo! excellent!
well done! to come into being,
) )nda u (naud, nuwd, come into the world, be born
nawadn) and V to away; to awing back
and forth; to pendulate nr luminary, luminous, like
1
light; light-, lighting- (in compounds);
II to flower, blossom, be in bloom; to put bright, shining, brilliant, radiant
forth or bear ( blossoms); to light,
illuminate, fill with light, furnish with nrn luminous
lights ( or s.th.); to shed light ( or on nurnya luminosity, brilliance
s.th.); to enlighten ( or s.o.); to light (
nawar (coll.) gypsies; vagabonds,
a lamp) IV anra to light, illuminate,
tramps
fill with light, furnish with 1008 lights (
s.th.); to throw light ( on a problem), nawar gypsy; vagabond, tramp
elucidate, explain, clarify ( a problem); nra lime; depilatory agent
anwara to come to light, show,
appear, be uncovered, be disclosed, be nayyir luminous; shining, brilliant;
revealed V to be lighted, be lit, be lighted, illuminated, brightly lit, full of
illuminated; to receive enlightenment, be light; clear, plain, distinct; sun and
enlightened X to seek enlightenment, moon
insight, or an explanation; to receive light, nuwwr (coll.; n. un. )pl.
be lighted, be lit, be illuminated; to obtain nawwr2 blossom(s), flower(s)
enlightenment, gain insight, get an
explanation, receive information manr and manra pl.
manwir2, manir2 lighthouse;
nr f., pl. nrn fire; rifle fire, minaret
gunfire; conflagration; Hell
jabal an-n. volcano; slow match, manwar pl. manwir2 light
fuse; aik an-n. the Devil; hole (in a wall); skylight
( alam) very famous; tanwr flowering, blossoming,
to be on pins and needles; bloom, efflorescence; lighting,
(miya) heavy fire, drumfire (mil.) illumination; enlightenment; and
nr fiery, igneous, fire- (in the Enlightenment
compounds); burning, blazing, red-hot see below
( in popular usage) motor, any
motor-driven device; ( darrja) inra lighting. illumination;
motorcycle; firearm; enlightenment
(sahm) rocket; ( alaq) shot (from nira hatred, flame of war
a firesrm), rifleshot, gunshot;
 munawwar lighted, illuminated; man and man
enlightened; shining, brilliant; bright avoidance, shirking, evasion; escape, way
epithet of Medina out ( mana) inevitable,
unavoidable
munr luminous, radiant, brilliant,
shining; enlightening, illuminative ) )na u (nau, niy) to hang,
( jism) luminous body, luminary, suspend ( s.th. on); to entrust (
illuminant s.th. to s.o., s.o. with), commission (
s.o. to do s.th.), charge ( s.o. with);
mutanawwir lighted, illuminated
to make dependent, conditional ( or
mustanr lighted, illuminated; s.th. on); pass. na to depend, be
enlightened; educated; an educated person dependent, be conditional ( on), he
1009 linked ( to), be connected ( with),
2
munwara maneuver; trick; shunting belong ( to); to be entrusted ( to s.o.);
(railroad); military maneuvers to hang, be suspended ( on) II and IV =
( jawwya) air maneuvers; I ( bi-arin) to make s.th.
diplomatic maneuver; dependent on (or subject to) a condition,
shunter make s.th. conditional;
(bi-uhdatih) to entrust s.o. with the
nauraj pl. nawrij2 threshing responsibility for s.th., make s.o.
machine, thresher responsible for s.th.
nauraz (coll.; n. un. )sea gull(s) (zool.) nau pl. anw, niy s.th.
nrastniy neurasthenia suspended, hanging, or attached;
decoration, medal, order, badge of honor
naurz Persian New Years Day n. al-jadra order of merit
1
) )nsa u (naus, nawasn) to nai pl. niy sorta
dangle, swing back and forth, bob ( manarun yuaqqu) a heart-
nawws dangling, bobbing, rending light; to break the
swinging; O pendulum (Syr.) heart
2
nws, nas pl. nawws2 man place where s.th. is
sarcophagus suspended; object, butt (e.g., of mockery);
3 anchor (of hope) m. at-
ns people, see
turayy or m. al-jauz the
nausara to form a fistula () highest heavens, as high, or as far, as the
III to skirmish, engage in a skirmish ( Pleiades (or Gemini, respectively)
with s.o.); to brush ( against s.th.), play ( tanawwu, tunawwi weaverbird
around or about s.th.)
man dependent, conditional (
naua (eg.) typhoid fever on)
munwaa skirmish, munawwa entrusted,
engagement, encounter commissioned ( with), in charge of ()
(arbya) engagement, armed clash; pl.
mun entrusted, commissioned (
hostilities
with), in charge of ()
munw and manw
II to divide into various kinds,
(eg.) bluish purple
classify ( s.th.); to make different,
ndir ammonia diversify, vary, variegate ( s.th.), give
( ( na u (nau, man, variety ( to); to change, alter, vary,
man) to avoid, shirk, evade, dodge ( modify, alter in its outward appearance (
s.th.), flee, draw hack ( from) VIII to s.th.), 1010 change the appearance ( of)
grow dim, die down (light, lamp) V to be of various kinds or forms; to be

nau wild ass, onager

 manifold, diverse, varying, variegated,
multiform, complex
nau pl. anw kind, sort, type,
species; variety; way, manner, mode,
fashion; form; nature, character, quality,
grade; nauan somewhat, a little; to a
certain extent, in some measure, in a
certain way, so to speak, as it were
somehow or other, in a way, after a
fashion, somewhat; ( wa- nfimbir, novembir November
kammyatan) in nature and quantity,
qualitatively and quantitatively;
(k) in particular, especially;
the first of his (its) kind; choosy ( in) X istanwaqa:
oppressors of all kinds, all sorts of
oppressors; or the a she-camel (proverbially of a mistake)
human race
nau relative to the nature or
type; characteristic, peculiar, proper;
essential; specific ( )( tiql,
wazn) specific gravity
tanw change, alteration,
modification
tanawwu diversity, variety,
multiplicity; change, change-over,
readjustment
munawwa different, diverse,
various, miscellaneous, sundry, manifold,
multifarious, complex
mutanawwi different, diverse,
various, miscellaneous, sundry, manifold,
multifarious, complex; miscellany
(heading of a newspaper column)
1
)and )nfa u (nauf) to be high,
lofty, exalted, sublime; to exceed ( or
s.th., esp., a number), be above ( or
), be more than ( or ), go beyond
( or ( more than ( the meaning of s.th.); to take up, treat,
fifty II nayyafa and IV to go beyond (
or ), be more than ( or ),
exceed ( or s.th.) s.th.); to reach ( s.o.; of a glance); to
( talt sanawtin) more than three
years, over three years
nf yoke
nauf pl. anwf that which
exceeds a number or measure, excess,
overplus, surplus
nayyif excess, overplus, surplus
or together with round figures:
some ..., ... and some, ... odd, e.g.,
some twenty, twenty and some,
twenty odd
niyfa Excellency, Eminence
(Copt.-Chr.; title of cardinals and bishops)
munf high, tall, lofty; exalted,
sublime; outstanding, excellent
2
manf a brand of Egyptian cotton
V tanawwaqa and tanayyaqa to be
squeamish, fastidious, finical, dainty,
( jamala) he mistook the he-camel for
nqa pl. nq, niyq,
nqt she-camel
(nqata, jamala) I have no hand in this
matter, I have nothing to do with it
nayyiq squeamish, finical,
fastidious, choosy, dainty, overnice
anwk2 foolish, silly, stupid
) )nla u (naul) to give, donate, present,
offer, hold out, grant, award ( or to
s.o. s.th.), confer, bestow ( or upon
s.o. s.th.) II to let ( s.o.) obtain ( s.th.),
give, afford, bring, yield ( to s.o. s.th.)
III to give, hand, pass, present, offer,
extend, serve, hand over, deliver ( or
to s.o. s.th.) ( qurbna) to
administer the Communion to 1011 s.o.
(Chr.) VI to reach ( for s.th.), take (
s.th.); to accept ( s.th.; to receive, get,
obtain ( s.th.); to take, eat ( food), have
( a meal, tea, coffee, etc.); to take s.th. (
)out of (), derive, draw, obtain (
s.th. from); to take in, grasp, comprehend
discuss ( a subject), deal with ( ;)to
extend ( to), include, encompass (
partake of the Communion, communicate
(Chr.)
naul pl. anwl gift; way,
manner, mode, fashion; loom; freightage,
freight
nawl gift, s.th. received; favor,
benefit; that which is proper, right,
incumbent, a duty you
 must do this; thats improper, by s.th.); to accede ( to s.th.), comply (
that isnt right with); to trust ( s.o.), have confidence
minwal and minwl loom ( in s.o.), rely, depend ( on s.o.); to
entrust ( s.th. to s.o.); to be reassured
minwl way, manner, mode, ( by s.th.), accept tacitly ( s.th.),
fashion; method, procedure; form acquiesce ( in s.th.), content o.s. be
in this manner, this way; content ( with)
they are of one stamp, they are
naum sleep, slumber
all alike; you must do it
this way gurfat an-n. bedroom; night,
gown, nightshirt
munwala presentation, offering,
naum of or pertaining to sleep,
handing over, delivery; Communion
(Chr.) somn(i)-, sleeping- (in compounds)
nauma sleep, nap
tanwul taking of food, eating,
drinking; comprehension, grasp, nuwama one who sleeps much,
receptivity; Communion (Chr.) sleeper
mutanwil reaching out, taking, nawwm one given to sleep, sleeper
seizing, grabbing; partaking of the Lords
nam sound asleep; one given to
Supper, communicating; communicant
sleep, sleeper; late riser, slugabed 1012
mutanwal attainable, available,
manm sleep; (pl. -t) dream
within reach; attainableness, availability;
reach, range difficult to manm place to sleep; bedroom,
reach, hard to get at; ( )( m. dormitory
yadih) available, at s.o.s disposal, within manma place to sleep; bedroom,
reach, handy, on hand; attainable dormitory; nightwear, nightgown, night-
to s.o., within s.o.s reach; shirt; -- Manama (capital of Bahrein
within everybodys means; Islands)
comprehensible to all, understood by
all; to bring s.th. within tanwm lulling to sleep;
s.o.s reach, make s.th. attainable, narcotization, anesthetization; hypnotism,
available to s.o. hypnosis
nauln and nwuln pl. nim pl. niym, nuwwam,
nawln2 freightage, freight nuyyam, nuwwm, nuyym
sleeping; asleep; numb, benumbed (limb);
) )nma (1st pers. perf. nimtu) a (naum, calm, tranquil, peaceful (night)
niym) to sleep, slumber; to go to bed;
to go to sleep; to abate, subside, let up, munawwim sleep-inducing,
calm down, be calm (wind, sea, etc.); to somniferous, soporific; narcotic;
be inactive, dull, listless (market); to be hypnotist; (pl. -t) a soporific,
benumbed, be numb (limb); to neglect, somnifacient ( jura) soporific
omit, overlook ( s.th.), forget ( about potion, sleeping draught, nightcap;
s.th.), fail to think of ( ;)to be reassured ( daw) a soporific, somnifacient
( by s.th.), accept ( s.th.), assent ( II to add a final nn ( to a noun), provide
to), acquiesce ( in); to place confidence with the nunnation ( a noun; gram.)
( in s.o.), trust ( s.th.)
(mila jafnih) he sleeps the sleep of the nn pl. -t name of the letter ;--
just II to lull ( s.o.) to sleep, make ( s.o.) (pl. nnn, anwn) large fish,
sleep, put to bed (, esp., a child); to whale the Prophet Jonah
anesthetize, narcotize, put to sleep ( s.o.) nn shaped like a , crescent-
IV = II; VI to pretend to be asleep; to shaped
place confidence, put trust ( in s.o.) X
nna dimple in the chin
to let o.s. be lulled to sleep or narcotized (
 tanwn nunnation (gram.)
( ifa) they are like day faith (jur.);
and light, they are diametrically opposed,
they are as unlike as they could be
II to raise, elevate ( s.th.); to praise, laud,
extol, acclaim ( s.o.), speak highly (
of); to commend, cite ( s.o. or s.th.); to
.trees, emphasize ( s.th.); to make
mention, speak ( of s.o. or s.th.), refer (
to, also to s.th.), name, mention (
s.th.); to hint ( or or at). allude (
or or to), intimate, imply ( or or
s.th.)
tanwh encomium, tribute, praise;
mentioning, mention; reference; hint,
allusion
naw i ( nya, nawh) to intend,
propose, purpose, plan, have in mind,
make up ones mind ( to do s.th.),
resolve, determine ( on s.th. or to do
s.th.); -- i ( nawan) to absent o.s., go
away ( or from) II to miaow (cat) III
to make an enemy of s.o. (), fall out with
s.o. (), be hostile, antagonistic ( to),
declare o.s. the enemy ( of) VIII to
propose, purpose, intend ( to do s.th.)
nawan remoteness, distance;
destination
nawan (coll.) date pits; fruit
kernels, atones
nawh (n. un.) pl. nawayt mutanayya late lamented, deceased
date pit; fruit kernel, stone; core; center;
atomic nucleus; nucleus (fig., from which
s.th. will grow), central point, starting
point n. ad-darra atomic 2
nucleus
nawaw nuclear, nucleal, nuclei-,
nuclea- (in compounds); of or pertaining
to nuclear physics, nuclear, atomic
( aslia) nuclear weapons
nayy fat; see also under
nya pl. -t, nawy intention, nsn 2 April (Syr., leb., Jord., Ir.)
intent, design, purpose, plan, scheme;
determination, will, volition, direction of
will; tendency, inclination, desire
with the intention to ...; it is
intended to ...; usn an-n. good
intention, good will, sincerity, honesty;
salmat an-n. guilelessness, see
innocence, sincerity; bona fides, good
undesigning, guileless,
artless, sincere; simplehearted, ingenuous,
simple-minded; s an-n. evil
intent, insincerity, malice, 1013 cunning,
deceit; (jur.) bad faith, mala fides, dolus
malus; against ones better
judgment; (jur.) in bad faith, mala fide;
f an-n. sincere, candid, frank,
openhearted; ( nyata) to be
loyally attached to s.o. or s.th.;
or asunat nyatuh li do.;
to have good intentions, be well-
intentioned toward ...; ( nyatah)
to evoke the right intention in ones heart
(ethical and religious); to
determine on s.th., resolve to do s.th.,
direct ones intention to
munwin hostile, unfriendly
) )na i ( nay, nuy,
nuya) to be raw, uncooked (esp.,
meat)
n, ny raw; unripe; gross
(weight); see also under
nb pl. anyb, nuyb,
anyb2 canine tooth, eyetooth; tusk; fang
( kaara) to bare ones teeth
nb pl. anyb, nuyb,
nb old she-camel
nitr nitrogen
(Chr.; eg.)
1
nayyir see
nr pl. anyr, nrn yoke
nra gums (of the teeth)
nairz New Years Day (Chr.-Copt.)
naizak pl. nayzik2 short lance;
shooting star, meteor
ns Nice (seaport in S France)
nn see ) )
n porcupine
see
see
 nqsiy Nicosia (capital of Cyprus) manyal Nilometer
) )nka i to have sexual intercourse ( tanyl (eg.) allviation of the soil by
with a woman) irrigation or inundation
nikl nickel nlaj indigo
1
) )nla (1st pers. perf. niltu) a (nail, nlfar European white water lily,
manl) to obtain, attain, achieve ( s.th.), nenuphar
get hold, get possession ( of); to win, nailn, nln nylon
gain, acquire, earn ( s.th.); to get, obtain,
procure ( s.th. for s.o.); to accomplish ( nna mother
s.th. with s.o.), succeed ( in s.th. see
with s.o.), get s.th. ( )from s.o. ( ;)to
affect, influence ( s.o., s.th.), bear upon niyraljiy neuralgia
s.th. ( ;)to cause damage, do harm ( to niyzland New Zealand
s.o., to s.th.), prejudice, impair, harm (
s.th.) ( irih) to decry, au niyn neon light
depreciate, discredit, defame, malign,
slander s.o.; ( aufara
manlin) to do s.o. untold damage, harm
s.o. most grievously; ( bi-sin) to
harm s.o. or s.th.; ( bi-urrin) do.; h ha! look! there! h huwa look, there
see below IV to he is! h antum you there! as a
make or let ( or s.o.) obtain ( s.th.), prefix (mostly written defectively):
procure, get ( or s.th. for s.o.) hd, f. hdih, hd, pl.
huli, dual m. hdn, f.
nail obtainment, attainment,
htni this one, this; see also
acquisition; a favor received
alphabetically; -- hdka, f.
manl obtainment, attainment, htka pl. hulika that one, that;
achievement, acquisition -- hkad so, thus; wa-hkad
unattainable; intangible, impalpable, far and so forth; -- hhun here; --
from reality; ab al-m. hand, hantad,
unattainable; ( )( sahl) easy to I (emphatic form); you
get, attainable; mukmin al-m. there; this one, that one, that; we here,
attainable; ( ablaga etc.; here I am! there you are! etc.; -- with
manlin) it made the deepest impression suffix: hka pl. hkum, here, take
on him it! there you are! there you have ...!
nil acquirer, earner, obtainer, following (below) is (are) ...; hkah
gainer, winner; a favor received, a boon, there he is
benefit, gain 1014 h pl. -t name of the letter
2
II to dye with indigo ( s.th.) hbl2 Abel
nl, nla indigo plant, indigo hti pl. ht give me (us) ...! bring me
munayyal dyed with indigo (us) ...! let me (us) have ...!
3
II (eg.) to channel Nile water onto the see under
fields for the purpose of alluviating the htr Hator, the third month of the
soil Coptic calendar
an-nl the Nile zaman ( Engl.) harb harp (musical instrument)
an-nl time of the Nile inundation;
see
flowers of the European white water
lily (nenuphar) al-hvir le Havre (seaport in N France)
nl of the Nile, Nile (adj.), Nilotic and see
 see
see
hnum pl. hawnim2 lady, woman
hawnim ladylike, womenlike,
feminine
hahaa to burst into laughter
see
hwy Hawaii
hwun, hwn pl. hawwn2, witted
ahwn mortar (vessel) habt despondent, faint-hearted,
midfa al-h. mortar (mil.) 1015
hait Haiti
1
hab imperative of
2
habba u (habb) to get in motion, start
moving; to approach, attack, tackle ( or
s.th.), embark ( or upon), begin (
or with), start doing s.th. ( or ( ;)with
foll. imperf.) to proceed abruptly to do
s.th., set out to do s.th.; to rush, fly ( at
s.o.); to wake up; to rise, get up ( from,
esp., from sleep); to revolt, rebel, rise (
against s.o.); -- (habb, hubb,
habb) to blow (wind); to rage (storm); to
break out (fire); to waft, drift ( in s.o.s
direction; of a scent), meet ( s.o.; of a
pleasant smell) ( arb) to take
up arms, enter the war;
(muqwama) to take up arm, in
opposition, rise in arms; ( wqifan)
to plant o.s., station o.s, stand;
(ruh) he is in clover, he is in luck'.
way, he has a lucky hand with everything;
( kalb) the dog attacked him,
fell upon him; ( man,
dabba) everybody and his brother, every
Tom, Dick and Harry II to tear, rend (
s.th.); to blacken with soot ( s.th.); to
besmut ( s.th.); to botch, bungle, do in
slipshod manner ( s.th.) IV to wake up,
awaken, rouse ( s.o. from sleep) V to
be torn
habba gust, squall
hiba see
habb fine dust
hibb soot, smut
habb strong wind, gale
hubb blowing (of the wind)
mahabb pl. mahbb2 place
where or from which the wind blows;
windy side, weather side, direction of the
wind; blowing of the wind; draft
storm-swept, exposed to storms,
threatened by storms
habata i (habt) to knock out, fell, throw to
the ground ( s.o.); pass. hubia to be
despondent, faint-hearted; to be dim-
cowardly; dim-witted
habara u (habr) to mangle (with the teeth;
s.o.); to carve into large pieces ( meat)
habr boned meat
habra piece or slice of meat
hubaira hyena ab h.
frog
habaa i (hab) to gather up, gather,
collect ( s.th.); to seize, grab, clutch (
with the hand or with the claws)
habaa u i ( hub) to descend, go
down, come down; to fall down, drop; to
settle down; to sink; to dip, slope down; to
fall to the ground; to fall in, come down,
collapse (roof); to set down, land, alight
(airplane, travelers, in a country); to
lose weight, become lean (body); to abate,
subside, let up, stop, die down (wind, fire,
etc.); to fall, drop, slump (prices); to go,
come ( to a place); -- u (hab) and IV to
cause to sink or descend, lower, let down,
bring down, take down, send down, fling
down, throw down ( s.o., s.th.); to
lower, out down, reduce ( the price); to
come ( to a place)
hab reduction, lowering; decrease,
diminution
haba decent, decline, fall, drop;
depression (geogr.)
hub sinking; fall, drop, decline,
decent; diminution, lessening, lowering,
reduction (of the price); decrease;
weakness, feebleness; slump (on the stock
market); (airborne) landing 1016
( iirr) emergency landing;
 h. ar-raim prolapse of the
uterus, hysteroptosis
hab slope, declivity, drop, cliff,
bluff
hab emaciated, skinny, enervated,
worn out
O uhba pl. ahbi2 nothing; (
parachute
mahbi pl. mahbi2 place of
a fall, of descent; landing place, airstrip,
runway; falling, faU. drop; place of origin,
birth place, cradle (fig.); O cathode (el.)
m. al-way the cradle of Islam;
at (the time of) sunset
Ilabil descending, falling,
dropping, sinking O (testimonies; Isl. Law) X to be negligent
(mialla, wqiya) paratrooper
mahb emaciated, skinny,
enervated, worn out
habila a (habal) to be bereaved of her son
(mother) V to take a vapor bath VIII to
avail o.s., take advantage ( of an
opportunity); to intrigue. scheme
ihtabil habalaka watch out for your
own interests! take care of your own
affairs! mind your own business!
hiball a tall, husky man
habl dolt, fool
ahbal2, f. habl2, pl. hubl bickering
dim-witted, weak-minded, imbecilic,
idiotic
mahbal, mahbil pl. mahbil2
vagina
mahbal vaginal
mihbal nimble
mahbl stupid, imbecilic, idiotic;
dolt, dunce, fool
habhaba to bark, bay
habhab mirage, fata morgana;
swift, nimble
) )hab u ( hubuw) to rise in the air 2
(dust, smoke); to run away, bolt, take to
sight
habwa pl. habawt swirl of dust
hab pl. ahb fine dust; dust
particles floating in the air
atoms scattered in all directions;
(haban) to vanish. dissolve into nothing,
end in smoke; ( haban) or
( a) to go up in smoke,
fall through, come to nought, dissolve into
haban) to ruin,
thwart s.th.; to scatter s.th. in all directions
hba (n. un.) dust particle; mote
1
hatara i (hatr) to tear to pieces ( s.th.)
III to abuse, revile, insult, call names (
s.o.) IV (also pass. uhtira) to become
feeble-minded, childish (old man) VI to
revile each other, fling accusations at each
other; to be contradictory, conflicting
and careless; to act in a reckless,
irresponsible manner; to make light ( of
s.th.), attach little importance ( to),
slight, disdain, despise ( s.th.); to jeer,
scoff (y at s.o.), deride, ridicule, mock (
s.o.); pass. ustuhtira to be infatuated (
with), dote ( on)
hitr pl. ahtr drivel, twaddle,
childish talk; lie, untruth, falsity,
falsehood
hutr feeble-mindedness, dotage
muhtara abuse, revilement,
vituperation, insult; pl. -t wrangle,
tahtur confrontation of similar
evidence (Isl. Law) 1017
istihtr recklessness,
thoughtlessness; wantonness, unrestraint,
licentiousness; disdain, scorn
muhtar driveling, twaddling,
raving; childish old man
mustahtir heedless, careless;
reckless, thoughtless, irresponsible;
wanton, unrestrained, uninhibited
mustahtar blindly devoted (
to), infatuated ( with), doting ( on)
look up alphabetically
hatafa i (hatf) to coo (pigeons); -- (
hutt) to shout; to rejoice, shout with joy;
to acclaim, hail, cheer, applaud ( or
s.o.); to jeer, boo ( s.o.); to praise
 highly, extol ( s.th.) to call out
to s.o.; ( htifun) a voice called
out to him, an invisible force told him,
made him (do s.th.); ( bi-
aytih) to cheer s.o.; ( taltan) to
give ( s.o.) three cheers VI to shout
encouragement to one another, encourage
one another ( to do s.th.)
hatfa shout, cry, call
hutf pl. -t shout, cry, call;
exclamation of joy; hurrah; acclamation,
acclaim, applause; cheer ( to s.o.)
h. al-arb battle cry, war cry; hajaa a ( liar, huj) to be
storm of applause, thundering
applause
htif shouting, calling loudly; (in
earlier Sufism) invisible caller, voice; (pl.
hawtif) telephone; O loudspeaker;
pl. exclamations, shouts, cries, calls
h. al-qalb inner voice; hajara u (hajr, hijrn) to emigrate;
by telephone
htif telephonic, telephone- (in
compounds)
hataka i (hatk) to tear apart, rip apart (
s.th., esp., a curtain, a veil); to unveil,
uncover, discover, disclose, reveal (
s.th.); to disgrace, rape, ravish ( a
woman) ( irah) to disgrace
s.o. II to tear to shreds, rip to pieces, tatter
( s.th.) V to get torn; to be exposed,
shown up, discredited, disgraced,
dishonored, ravished, raped; to give o.s.
over ( to s.th. disgraceful); to be
disgraceful, dishonorable, shameless,
impudent VIII pass. of hataka
hatk tearing, rending, ripping apart;
disclosure, exposure, expos; dishonoring,
disgracing, degradation, debasement, rape,
ravishing disclosure,
uncovering of s.th. hidden
hutka dishonoring, disgracing,
degradation, debasement
hatka disgrace, scandal
tahattuk shamelessness,
immorality; impudence, insolence
mutahattik insolent, impudent;
shameless, dishonorable
mustahtik insolent, impudent;
shameless, dishonorable
hutma s.th. broken off, fragment,
breakage
ahtam2 f. hatm2, pl. hutm
having no front tooth; toothless
hatana i (hatn, hutn) to discharge a
pouring rain (sky)
hatn rain-fraught, heavy with rain
(cloud)
hajja u ( hajj) to burn, be on fire, be
aflame; to flame, blaze, be ablaze II to set
ablaze, stir up, stoke ( the fire)
appeased (hunger) IV ( jah) to
appease s.o.s hunger
hajada u ( hujd) and V to stay awake
at night, keep a night vigil; to spend the
night in prayer 1018
to dissociate o.s., separate, part, secede,
keep away ( from), part company (
with ); to give up, renounce, forgo, avoid (
s.th.); to abandon, surrender, leave
behind ( s.th. to s.o.), relinquish,
leave, give up, vacate ( s.th., in favor
of s.o.) II to induce ( s.o.) to emigrate in
to emigrate IV to leave, abandon, give up
( s.th.); to talk nonsense, talk through
ones hat VI to desert one another, part
company, separate, break up
hajr abandonment, forsaking,
leaving, separation; avoidance, abstention;
separation from the beloved one; hottest
time of the day
hujr obscene language
hijra departure, exit; emigration,
exodus; immigration ( to); the
Hegira, the emigration of the Prophet
Mohammed from Mecca to Medina in 622
A.D. Medina
.sA "'in of the Hegira. pertaining
to Mohammeds emigration
(sana) a year of the Hegira., a year of the
Muslim era (beginning with Mohammeds
emigration)
hujra, hijra pl. hujar, hijar
agricultural settlement of the Wababi
Ikhwan in Nejd
 hajr obscene language
hajr midday heat
hajra midday heat, midday, noon
mahjar pl. mahjir2 place of hajala u (hajl) to cast amorous glances,
emigration, retreat, refuge, sanctuary;
emigration; settlement, colony
mahjir obscenities
multajara emigration
hjira pl. hawjir2 midday in a surprise attack, storm ( s.th.); to
heat, midday, noon; -- (pl. -t,
hawjir2) obscene language, obscenity
hjir midday (adj.); excellent,
outstanding
mahjr abandoned, forsaken,
deserted; lonely, lonesome; in disuse, out
of use, obsolete, antiquated, archaic
muhjir emigrant, migr;
those Meccans who emigrated to
Medina in the early period of Islam
hajasa u i (hajs) to occur all of a sudden (
to s.o.), come to s.o.s mind (
;)to mumble, mutter, talk to o.s.
hajs idea, thought; foolish talk
hajsa pl. hajast idea, thought;
notion, concept; fear, apprehension,
anxiety, concern, misgiving, scruple; pl.
fixed ideas, apprehensions, misgivings
hajjs braggart, boaster, show-off
hjis pl. hawjis2 idea,
thought; notion, concept; fear,
apprehension, anxiety, concern,
misgiving, scruple; pl. fixed ideas,
apprehensions, misgivings
( eg.) haga mischief, nuisance,
horseplay
hajaa a ( huj) to sleep peacefully; ( mukis) counterattack;
to be or become calm, quiet, still; to be
silenced, calm down, subside (uproar,
excitement, and the like); -- (haj) to
appease ( the hunger) IV to allay,
appease ( the hunger)
haja slumber
huj slumber; lull, calming
down; subsidence, abatement, letup,
remission, ebbing (e.g., of a disease)
mahja pl. mahji2 bed-
chamber; quarters, barracks room (Syr.,
mil.) approx.: barracks
orderly, barrack sergeant (Syr., mil.) 1019
make sheeps eyes
hajama u ( hujm) to make for s.o. (
), rush, pounce ( upon s.o.); to
attack, assail, charge ( s.o., s.th.); to
raid ( s.th.); to take by surprise, capture
enter without permission ( s.th.), force
ones way ( into), intrude, tresspass (
on), invade ( s.th.); to keep quiet II
to make ( s.o.) attack, order s.o. ( )to
attack III to attack, assail, charge (
s.o., s.th.); to launch an attack ( on); to
make for s.th. (), rush, pounce ( upon);
to raid ( s.th.); to assault ( s.o.), fall
upon s.o. ( ;)to intrude, trespass ( on),
invade ( s.th.) IV = II; V to fall upon (
)VI to attack one another VII to fall
down, collapse (house); to be in poor
health, be frail; to flew down (tears); to
shed tears (eye)
hajma pl. hajamt attack, charge;
assault, onset, onslaught, raid, surprise
attack, coup de main; severity (of
winter) O ( mukisa)
counterattack
hajm aggressive, violent,
outrageous, brutal
hajm violent wind
hujm attack, charge, assault,
onset, onslaught, raid; offensive; fit,
attack, paroxysm (of a disease); forward
line, forwards (in soccer, and the like)
( jnib) flank attack;
(jaww) air raid; ( mudd) or
ka al-h. forward line (in soccer,
and the like); qalb al-h. the
center forward (in soccer, and the like)
hujm aggressive, offensive
muhjama attack, charge;
assault, onset, onslaught, raid; O police
raid, police roundup
tahajjum pl. -t assault, attack, raid
 muhjim attacker, assailant,
aggressor; forward (in soccer, and the
like)
hajuna a ( hujna, hajna, fall down, collapse; -- a i (hadd) to be
hujna) to be incorrect or faulty II to
excoriate, flay, censure scathingly, run
down, disparage ( s.o.) X to consider (
s.th.) bad, wrong or improper; to
disapprove ( of s.th.), condemn, reject (
s.th.)
hujna fault, defect, shortcoming;
meanness, baseness
hajjn pl. hajjna camel rider
hajn pl. hujun, hujan2, thudding fall; thud, crash (of s.th.
mahjn2, mahjina low, collapsing)
lowly, base, ignoble, mean; -- (pl.
hujun) racing camel, dromedary
hajna pl. hajin2 racing
camel, dromedary
istihjn disapproval,
disapprobation
) )haj u (hajw, hij) to (jur.)
ridicule, mock, satirize, disparage, run
down ( s.o.); to lampoon ( s.o.) II and V
to spell ( s.th.) III to compose defamatory
or satiric poems ( against s.o.), defame,
satirize, lampoon, ridicule, mock ( s.o.)
VI to ridicule each other in satiric verse
hajw ridiculing, scoffing;
defamation, disparagement; lampoonery,
mockery, ridicule, irony; satiric poem,
satire
hajw defamatory, denigrating,
disparaging, satiric
hij derision, ridiculing, scoffing;
satire; defamatory poem; (pl. ahjiya)
spelling, successive order of letters;
alphabet
hij alphabetical; satiric 1020
uhjuwa and uhjya pl.
ahjy satiric poem, lampoon
tahjiya and tahajjin spelling
hjin spelling; defamatory,
denigrating; mocker, scoffer, derider;
satirist
hadda u (hadd, hudd) to break, crush,
break off, pull down, tear down, raze,
demolish, wreck, destroy ( s.th.); to
undermine, sap, weaken, ruin ( or
s.o., s.th.); -- i ( hadd) to crash down,
weak and decrepit II to threaten, menace (
s.o. with), scare, frighten, terrify,
daunt, cow, intimidate, brow-beat ( s.o.)
V do. VII to be or get torn down,
demolished, razed, wrecked; to fall down,
collapse, break down; to be broken down,
be dilapidated, be in ruins, be a wreck
hadd razing, pulling down,
wrecking; demolition, destruction
hadda and hadd heavy,
hadd slowness, gentleness;
haddaika gently! slowly! take it easy!
mihadda, rock crusher, jawbreaker
tahdd pl. -t threat, menace;
intimidation extortion by
threats of public exposure, blackmail
tahdd threatening, menacing
tahaddud threat, menace;
intimidation
mahdd destroyed, demolished,
wrecked m. al-quw
weakened, debilitated, exhausted
muhaddid menacing, threatening;
threatener, menacer
muhaddad threatened, menaced
hadaa a ( had, hud) to be calm,
still, quiet, tranquil; to become calm, calm
down; to subside, abate, let up, die down
(storm, etc.); to stop, halt, linger, rest,
remain, stay ( at a place); to stop (
s.th., doing s.th.), cease ( to do s.th.)
( rauuh) to become composed,
calm down II to calm, quiet, pacify,
tranquilize, appease, soothe, placate,
temper, assuage, allay ( or s.th.,
s.o.); O to slow down, drive slowly
( abah) to soothe the nerves;
( rauih) to reassure s.o., set s.o.s
mind at rest; haddi rauaka
calm down! take it easy! dont worry!
dont be afraid! ( rauika)
 calm down! take it easy! IV = II; to lull (
a baby) to sleep
had calm(ness), quiet(ness), peace,
tranquility, stillness
hada calm, quiet, peace,
tranquility, stillness
hud calm(ness), quiet(ness),
peace, tranquility, stillness calmly,
quietly
tahdia calming, quieting,
pacification, tranquilization, appeasement,
reassurance; O slowing down, slow
driving
hdi calm, quiet, peaceful,
tranquil, still h. al-qalb
calm(ly), confident(ly);
composed(ly), with ones mind at ease;
( mu) the Pacific Ocean torrential, roaring, raging; surging (sea);
hadaba a (hadab) to have long lashes
(eye); to have long, drooping branches
(tree) II to fringe, trim with fringes ( a
garment)
hadb, hudub (coll.; n. un. )pl.
ahdb eyelashes; fringes
trimmed with fringes, fringed; hadafa u (hadf) to approach ( s.o. or
(bi-ahdbih) to be most devoted to s.o.,
be at s.o.s beck and call, be under s.o.s
1021 thumb; )( to s.th.), draw or be near s.o. or s.th. ( )V
adhere, cling to s.th.; to to strut X to be exposed, be open ( or
apply o.s. to, attend to, engage in,
cultivate, practice s.th.
hadib having long lashes
ahdab2, f. hadb having long
lashes
huddb (coll.; n. un. )fringes;
edging, border
hadaja i (hadj, hadajn, hudj) expose s.o. to s.th.;
to shamble, shuffle along, walk with
unsteady, tottering or tremulous steps (old
man), totter, hobble, limp II to make (
s.th.) tremble V to tremble, quaver, shake
(voice)
haudaj pl. hawdij2 camel
litter, howdah; sedan chair, litter
hadara i (hadr, hadr) to peal, rumble,
roll (thunder); to surge (sea); to roar
(lion); to bray (donkey, camel); to clamor,
raise a din, be noisy; to storm, rage, rant,
shout, bawl, bellow (person); to snarl (in a
fury); to bubble, boil, simmer; (with )to
blare s.th. out; -- u i (hadr, hadar) to be in
vain, be made to no avail (effort); to be
spent uselessly (money); to be abed in
vain or with impunity (blood); -- (hadr) to
shed in vain or with impunity ( blood);
to spend uselessly, squander, waste (
effort or money); to ruin ( the health) IV
to regard as nonexistent ( s.th.); to
consider invalid ( s.th.); to invalidate,
void ( s.th.); to thwart, foil, ruin ( s.th.)
hadran uselessly, to no avail; in
vain, for nothing, futilely to
melt away uselessly, futilely, be spent in
vain, be wasted
hudr fall, tumble
haddr swirling, rushing,
weir; spillway, millrace
haddra waterfall
hadr roaring, roar; surge, raging,
storming, uproar
muhdar invalid, void
s.th.). draw or be near s.o. or s.th. ( ;)to
aim ( at) IV to approach ( s.o. or
to a danger); to be susceptible or sensiitive
( to); to make ( s.th.) ones goal or
object, aim ( at), have before ones eyes,
have in mind ( s.th.)
hadaf pl. ahdf target; aim,
end, object, objective, purpose, design,
intention; goal (in sports)
make s.o. the target or object of ,
to be
exposed, be open to ...; O
(arbya) military targets
haddf sharpshooter, marksman
hadafn (practice) target
mustahdif exposed, open ( to
s.th.)
hadala i ( hadl) to coo
(pigeon); -- i (hadf) to let down, let hang,
dangle ( s.th.); -- hadila a (hadal) and V
 to hang loosely, dangle; to flow, be wide
and loose (garment)
ahdal2, f. hadl2, pl. hudl
hanging down loosely, flowing
muhaddal hanging down loosely,
flowing
hadama i (hadm) to tear down, pull down,
rue, wreck, demolish, destroy ( s.th.); to
tear up ( s.th.) II to tear down, pull
down, rue, wreck, demolish, destroy (
s.th.); to tear up, blast, blow up ( s.th.) V
to be torn down, be razed, be demolished,
be destroyed, be wiped out; to be
dilapidated; to fall down, break down,
collapse VII do. 1022
hadm razing, pulling down,
wrecking (of a building); demolition,
destruction
hidm pl. ahdm, hidam old,
worn garment; pl. hudm clothes,
clothing
haddm destructive
hudm seasickness
tahdm wrecking, demolition,
destruction, annihilation
tahaddum fall, downfall, crash,
collapse, breakdown
hdim crushing, devastating,
annihilating, destructive; destroyer,
demolisher
mahdm torn down, razed,
demolished, wrecked, destroyed
muhaddam and mutahaddim
torn down, razed, demolished, wrecked,
destroyed; in ruins, dilapidated,
ramshackle, tumble-down
mustahdim dilapidated,
tumbledown (walls)
hadana i ( hudn) to be or become
quiet; to calm down, quiet down III to
conclude a truce ( with s.o.)
hudna pl. -t calm(ness), quietness,
peace, tranquility, stillness; pause,
intermission, cessation; truce, armistice
hidna truce, armistice; peace
hudn calm(ness), quiet(ness),
peace, tranquility, stillness
muhdana conclusion of a truce,
truce negotiations
hadhada to rock, dandle ( a child)
hudhud pl. hadhid2 hoopoe
(zool.)
had i (hady, hudan, hidya) to
lead ( s.o.) on the right way, guide ( s.o.,
on a course); to guide, show, direct (
s.o. to), show ( s.o.) the way ( to); to
lead ( s.o., to the true faith); to supply,
bring, procure ( s.th.); -- i ( hid) to
bring, load, conduct ( the bride to the
bridegroom) III to exchange presents (
with s.o.) IV to bring, lead, conduct (
the bride to the bridegroom); to give as a
present ( or s.th. to s.o.), present (
or s.o., with), make s.o. ( or )a
present of ( ;)to dedicate ( or s.th.
to s.o.), confer, bestow, award ( e.g., an
order); to send, convey, transmit ( to
s.o. s.th.) V to be rightly guided, be led
well; to get ( to), reach ( a place,
s.th.) VI to make each other presents,
exchange presents; to exchange among
each other ( s.th., also at-taya to
exchange greetings, greet or salute each
other); to guide, load, conduct, take, bring
( s.o.); to sway to and fro, swing
rhythmically (in walking); to walk with a
swinging gait; to stride; to move forward.
Move on, advance; to get ( to), reach (
a place); to get as far as (), penetrate
( to); to flock ( to s.o.), rally (
around s.o.) VIII to be rightly guided, be
led on the right way; to be led, be shown,
be taken (, J to); to find the way ( to);
to find, detect, discover ( s.th.), come
upon s.th. ( ;)to hit upon s.th. ( or ,
e.g., an idea), be made aware, think ( or
of), arrive ( or at); to be led back,
find ones way back ( to the true faith,
away from evil); to be guided ( by
s.o.), take ( s.o. or s.th.) as an example
or model, follow s.o.s ( )load X to ask
to be rightly guided, pray for divine
guidance, seek the right way
hady guidance, direction; way,
road, course, direction; manner, mode,
fashion
 hudan right guidance (esp., in a
religious sense); guiding, leading (of 1023
s.o.); right way. true religion
to be on the right way; to embrace the true
religion; aimlessly, at random;
to wander aimlessly bred, refined, polished, urbane, cultured,
hadya, hidya (line of) conduct,
procedure, policy, course, way, direction;
manner, mode, fashion
hadya pl. hady gift, present,
donation; offering, sacrifice
hidya guidance
without divine guidance, aimlessly, at
random
ahd better guided; more correct,
more proper, better
ihd presentation; donation,
grant(ing); award, bestowal, conferment;
dedication (of a book)
hdin pl. -n, hudh leading, hudll pl. hadll2 elevation,
guiding; leader, guide
mahdy rightly guided; Mahdi
muhtadin rightly guided
hd (dem. pron.), f. hdih, hd, irrationally, rave, be delirious
pl. huli, dual m. hdni, f. hud raving, irrational talk,
htni this one, this bi-hd delirium
hereby, herewith; li-hd therefore, for
this reason; herewith; in spite of it,
nevertheless; ( il an) besides, rigmarole, raving, drivel, delirium; state of
moreover, furthermore, whats more;
besides, moreover, furthermore, whats
more; on the other hand; ( yjadu)
besides, there is ...
hadaba i (hadb) to prune, trim ( s.th.); to
clean. purify, cleanse, smooth ( s.th.),
polish ( s.th., also fig., e.g., the style) II
do.; to improve, refine ( s.th.); to rectify,
set right, correct ( s.th.); to check, revise
( s.th.); to bring up ( a child); to
educate, instruct ( s.o.) V pass. of II
tadb expurgation, emendation,
correction; rectification; revision; training;
instruction; education, upbringing;
culture, refinement
tahdb of or pertaining to
education, educational, educative;
instructive, didactic
tahaddub upbringing, manners,
education
muhaddib teacher, educator
muhaddab well-mannered, well-
educated, well-behaved, polite, courteous
mutahaddib well-mannered, well-
bred, refined, polished, urbane, cultured,
educated, well-behaved, polite, courteous
hadara u i (hadr) to prattle, babble, prate,
talk nonsense; to blurt out, blab ( s.th.) II
to joke, make fun, jest
hadr prattle, babble, idle talk;
raillery, taunting words
hadar prattle, babble, idle talk;
mockery, scoffing
hadir prattling, garrulous
hadrama to babble, jabber, prattle, prate
hillock; little river, small stream
ka hudll hyperbola (math.)
had i (hady, hadayn) to talk
hadayn senseless jabber,
absennt-mindedness; folly; madness,
insanity, mania, craze; hallucination
hdin delirious, raving 1024
harra i ( harr) to growl; to whimper,
whine
hirr pl. hirara tomcat; cat
hirra pl. hirar cat
harr growling, growl; yelping,
whining, whimper(ing); spitting (of a cat)
huraira kitten
haraa a to tear, lacerate ( s.th.); to wear
out, wear off ( a garment); to affect
strongly, beset grievously, try, wear out,
harm, hurt ( s.o.); to irritate ( the skin);
to he hitingly cold (wind) II to cook too
much, overdo ( meat) IV = II; V to he
overdone (meat); to he tom, lacerated VIII
 to he tom, lacerated, mangled, torn to
pieces; to be worn out, shabby
hur prattle, idle talk
muhtari overdone, boiled to
shreds; torn, lacerated, mangled; worn out,
shabby
haraba u (harab, hurb,
mahrab, harabn) to flee ( to); to
escape ( a danger); to desert; to run
away, elope ( with) II to help ( s.o.) to
escape; to force to flee, put to flight (
s.o.); to liberate, free ( a prisoner) ; to
rescue ( a distrained or impounded thing;
jur.); to engage in illicit trade, to traffic; to
smuggle V to escape, elude ( s.th.); to
shirk, dodge, evade ( a duty, or the like)
harab flight, escape, getaway;
desertion; elopement
hurb flight
harbn fugitive, runaway, on the
run; a runaway, a fugitive, a refugee
harrb coward
2
mahrab pl. mahrib (place
of) refuge, retreat, sanctuary; flight,
escape, getaway ( mahraba)
inescapable, unavoidable
tahrb illicit trade, trafficking;
smuggling, smuggle, contrabandism
hrib fugitive, runaway, on the
run; a runaway, a fugitive, a refugee;
deserter; see also alphabetically
muharrib illicit dealer, trafficker;
smuggler
muharrab pl. -t smuggled goods,
contraband
haraja i (harj) to he excited, agitated, in
commotion II to make ( s.o.) drunk,
befuddle, cloud, fog, blur ( s.o.s mind or
perceptions); to joke, make fun, jest ( in
conversation)
harj excitement, agitation,
commotion; disorder, muddle, confusion
( wa-marj) turmoil, confusion,
chaos
muharrij jester, clown, buffoon
harjala chaos, muddle, confusion
hardabat buncombe, nonsense; trash,
rubbish, junk
harasa u (hars) to crush, mash, squash,
bruise, pound ( s.th.); to tenderize by
beating, pound until tender ( meat)
harsa a dish of meat and bulgur;
(eg.) a sweet pastry made of flour, melted
butter and sugar
harrs pl. -t steamroller
O la harrsa steamroller
mihrs pl. mahrs2
mortar
II to sow dissension ( between, among)
III to quarrel, wrangle ( with); to dally,
joke, banter ( with) 1025
har scratching; wear and tear,
attrition, depreciation (of tools,
machinery, etc.)
hir quarrel, wrangle
mahr worn out, battered
haraqa to become a heretic
haaqa heresy
harq pl. hariqa
heretic (Chr.)
hariq heretic (Chr.)
haramn a brand of oats
haraa a (hara) and pass. huria to hurry,
hasten, rush ( to) II pass. hurria and IV
ahraa do.
hara hurry, haste, rush
hur hurry, haste, rush
harafa i (harf) to praise excessively,
shower with extravagant praise ( s.th.
or s.o.)
haraqa a (harq) to shed, spill ( s.th.) IV
do.; to sacrifice ( s.th.)
muhrq poured out, spilled
mahraqn, muhraqn,
muhruqn shore, coast; ocean
ihrq shedding, spilling
i. ad-dim bloodshed
muhraq spilled, shed; -- (pl.
mahriq2) parchment; O wax paper
 hiraql2, hirqil2 Heraclius (Byzantine
emperor); Hercules
harima a (haram, mahram,
mahrama) to become senile and decrepit
II to mince, chop ( s.th.)
haram decrepitude, senility; old
age
haram pl. ahrm, ( qalbuh) to be elated by s.th.
ahrmt pyramid O frustum of
pyramid, truncated pyramid (math.)
haram pyramidlike, pyramidical,
pyramidal
ahrm pyramidlike,
pyramidical, pyramidal
harim decrepit, senile; advanced in
years, aged, old; old man
harmasa to he grave, stern, gloomy
(face)
hormn pl. -t hormone
harhara to move, shake ( s.th.); to
attack ( s.o.)
1
) )har u (harw) to cane, thrash,
wallop ( s.o.)
harwa pl. harwa stick,
cane; cudgel, truncheon, club
2
harh Herat (city in NW Afghanistan)
haraw of Herat
harwala to walk fast; to burry, hasten,
rush ( to)
harwala quick pace, haste, hurry
muharwal hurrying, speeding; in
a hurry
hury pl. ahr granary
hrin reeling, tottering, unsteady
hazza u (hazz) to shake ( or s.th.); to
swing, brandish, wave ( a lance or
sword); to jolt to and fro, jog, rook ( s.o.);
to make ( s.o.) tremble; to convulse,
shake, rock, upset, sway ( s.th.)
( katifaihi) to shrug (ones shoulders);
( rasah) to nod, shake ones
head; ( dailah) to wag its tail II to
shake, swing, brandish, wave ( s.th.) V
to be moved, agitated, shaken, jolted,
upset, convulsed, receive a shock; to
move, stir, shake, sway, swing, vibrate,
oscillate VIII do.; to tremble, quake,
quiver; to be moved, touched, deeply
affected ( by ); to rock (rider on 1026 a
camel) this wont affect us
greatly, this is not likely to disconcert us,
this will hardly cause us any headache;
( faraan) to tremble with joy;
hazza (n. vic.) pl. -t motion,
movement, stir, commotion, agitation;
convulsion; jolt, jog, push; O (electric)
shook; vibration, oscillation; tremor,
shake ( arya) seismic shock,
earthquake; ) )
(arab, fara) joyous excitement, delight,
rapture
hizza liveliness, vivacity, high
spirits
hazzz shaking, jolting; rocking;
rolling, swinging; shaker (in concrete
construction, for coal, and the like)
hazz bluster(ing), sough (of the
wind); rumbling, roll (of thunder)
mahazza excitement, agitation
tahzz movement, agitation,
shaking
ihtizz convulsion, shock;
trembling, shaking, tremor; swinging,
oscillation, vibration; excitement,
agitation, commotion, emotion
ihtizza (n. vic.) tremor,
vibration
muhtazz trembling, tremulous,
shaking, quivering
hazaa, hazia a ( haz, huz,
huzu, huz, mahzaa) to scoff,
jeer, sneer, laugh ( or at), make fun (
or of), deride, ridicule, mock ( or
s.o.) V and X to deride, mock ( or
s.o., s.th., also )
haz, huz and huzu derision,
scorn, disdain, contempt; mockery
huz mocking, derisive
haza object of ridicule, butt of
derision, laughingstock
 huzaa mocker, sarcast; scorner,
disdainer, despiser
mahzaa derision, loom, disdain,
contempt; mockery; scornful laughter,
sneer
istihz mockery, ridicule,
derision, scorn mockingly,
derisively
hzi mocker, scoffer
mustahzi mocker, scoffer
hizabr, hizbar pl. hazbir2 lion
hazija a to sing
hazaj name of a poetic meter
uhzja pl. ahzj2 song
1
hazara i (hazr) to laugh II (eg.) to joke,
make fun, jest
hizr (eg.) joking, jesting, fun-
making
2
hazr pl. -t nightingale
hazaa a (haz), to hurry, be quick V do.
haz part of the night
hazala i (hazl, huzl), hazila a (hazal) and
pass. huzila to be emaciated, lean, skinny;
to loss weight, become lean, skinny,
emaciated; -- hazala i (hazl) to joke, talk
lightly, jokingly; to cause to lose weight,
make lean, emaciate, enervate ( s.o.) II to
emaciate, waste away, enervate ( s.o.) III
to joke, make fun, jest ( with s.o.) IV to
emaciate, waste away, enervate ( s.o.) VII
to be or become lean
had joking, jesting, fun
hazl jocular, funny, amusing,
droll, humorous; humoristic; comical
1027
hazlya or comedy histljiy histology
(theat.)
hazil joker, jester, funnyman, wag,
wit
huzl emaciation; leanness,
skinniness
hazzl joker, jester, funnyman,
wag, wit
hazl pl. hazl lean, skinny,
emaciated
mahzala pl. -t, mahzil2
comedy
hzil joking, jocose, jocular,
funny, humorous, amusing; joker, wag,
wit ( uuf) funnies, comics
mahzl pl. mahzl2
emaciated, wasted, haggard, gaunt; weak,
feeble
hazama i (hazm) to put to flight, rout,
vanquish, defeat ( the enemy); to put out
of action, neutralize ( an opponent) VII to
be defeated, be routed, be put to flight
hazm vanquishing, routing; defeat
hazma roll of thunder, rumbling,
rumble, thunder; fleeing, fugitive, in
flight, on the run
hazma pl. hazim2 defeat,
rout O r al-h. defeatism
inhizm (suffering of) defeat,
frustration; rout, (disorganized) flight
inhizm pl. -n defeatist
inhizmya defeatism
hazhaza to move, agitate, shake, jolt,
shock, convulse, upset ( s.o., s.th.) II
tahazhaza to be moved, agitated, shaken,
convulsed, upset, receive a shock
hazhaza pl. hazhiz2
movement, agitation, shock, convulsion,
commotion, disturbance
hass i (hass) to whisper
hass whisper, whispering; soliloquy
huss hush! quiet! silence!
hass whisper, whispering sound
and histriy hysteria
histr hysteric(al)
1
haa i ( hua) to be crisp (bread)
-- u i ( ha, haa) to be in
good spirits, display a cheerful mien, wear
a smile; to smile ( or at s.o.), meet s.o.
( or )in a courteous, amiable manner,
receive s.o. kindly; to cheer up ( over or
because of), be delighted ( by); -- u to
 drive away, chase away ( flies, and the
like); -- u i (ha) to chop off (
leaves for the cattle) II to cheer up,
enliven ( s.o.), raise s.o.s ( )spirits
ha delicate, fragile; crisp, brittle,
crumbly, friable; fresh and soft; gay,
cheerful, happy, lively, brisk
ha soft, crumbly, friable
ha soft
haa gaiety, cheerfulness,
happiness
h crisp, blithe, cheerful, bright-
faced ( b) gay and happy haala i (hal, haaln, tahl)
2
hu hush! quiet! silence!
haama i (ham) and II to destroy (
s.th.); to smash ( s.th.); to crush ( s.th.)
V and VII to be or get smashed, destroyed
ham frail, fragile; dry stalks,
straw, chaff
him Hashemite
muhaam destroyed (city);
crushed 1028
haara i (har) to pull toward o.s., bend
down ( s.th., e.g., a branch); to produce a
crack or break ( in), crack, break (
s.th.)
har epithet of the lion
haa u (ha) to walk fast, move
briskly, advance, progress, get on
haaba i (hab) to be long-winded,
verbose
haba pl. hib hill,
elevation, mountain
haama i (ham) to digest ( the food; of
the stomach); to oppress, terrorize,
outrage, wrong, treat with injustice ( s.o.);
to stand, bear, endure ( s.o.); to stomach (
s.th.), put up with s.th. ( )VII to be
digested VIII to oppress, wrong ( s.o.), do
( s.o.) an injustice
ham digestion; patience, long-
suffering forbearance,
compliance, indulgence; sahl al-
h. easily digestible, light
ham digestive, alimentary
ham digestible, agreeing,
wholesome
ham digested; digestible;
oppressed, terrorized, outraged; slender,
slim
ha4ima encroachment, inroad,
injustice, wrong, outrage, oppression
inhim digestion; digestibility
mahm digested; digestible;
oppressed, terrorized, outraged
IV to protrude the neck (in walking)
( adw) to run fast
to flow in torrents, fall heavily, pour down
(rain) VI do.
hil wolf
hul: h. al-amr
downpour, heavy rain
haial pl. hayila,
hayil2 fox
haffa i ( haff) to pass swiftly,
flit put; to flash; to brush, touch lightly; --
i (haff, haff) to blow, whiffle, sough
(wind); to spread, waft (fragrance)
( nafsuh) he yearned for ;
it occurred to him all of a sudden,
it flashed across his mind
hiff empty; light, light-headed,
thoughtless, frivolous
hafff flashing, sparkling, shining;
blowing (wind); light, fleeting; thin and
transparent, diaphanous
al-huff Hofuf (chief town of al-
Hasa district in E Saudi Arabia)
mahaffa fan; feather duster
mahff light-headed,
irresponsible, reckless, unscrupulous
hafata i (haft, huft) to fall
down, collapse; to be nonsensical, absurd;
to talk nonsense VI to pounce, rush, fall,
plunge ( on or into); to crowd in (
on), throng, flock ( to), tumble one
over the other, fall all over themselves; to
suffer a breakdown; to cave in, collapse,
break down; to be broken, wrecked,
ruined (nerves)
 haftn (eg.) weak, exhausted,
spent, weakened
tahfut collapse, breakdown
nervous breakdown 1
hfit wrong, erroneous (opinion)
mahft baffled, startled,
perplexed
look up alphabetically
hafhafa to be slender, slim; to float in the
air II tahafhafa to be slender, slim 1029
hafhafa sough, whispering of the
wind
hafhf slender, slim, svelte;
slight, frail, delicate; thin, sparse (e.g.,
beard); diaphanous, transparent,
gossamery; light, weightless, defying
gravity; flowing, waving, fluttering
muhafhif slender, slim, svelte;
thin
) )haf u (hafw, hafwa, s.th.), embark ( upon) X to begin, set
hafawan) to slip, commit a lapse, make a
mistake; to err; to be weak with hunger,
famished, starved; to hurry, rush ( to);
to reach quickly ( for s.th.), snatch (
at s.th.); with : to induce s.o. ( to),
tempt s.o. to do s.th. ( ( )hafw,
hufuw) to flutter, fly, float in the air; to
throb violently, beat feverishly, flutter, be
passionately excited, be impassioned
(heart; esp., with love); to feel a desire,
yearn ( for)
hafwa pl. hafawt slip, lapse, error,
mistake, fault, offense, sin
hfin famished, starved
hiktr pl. -t hectare
hkad so, thus, this way, in this manner
look up alphabetically
V to be dilapidated, ramshackle, tumble-
down, to fall down, collapse; to mock,
scoff; to make fun ( or or of s.o.),
ridicule, deride, jeer ( s.o.); to be
annoyed ( by), regret ( s.th.)
uhkma derision, mockery, taunt,
gibe
tahakkum mockery, derision, scorn,
irony; sarcasm
tahakkum mocking, derisive,
sarcastic, scornful
mutahakkim mocking, ironical
hal interrogative particle introducing direct
and indirect question; also preceding the
first part of an alternative question: --
hal -- am whether -- or
hall = is (or does) not ...? why
not?
2
halla i (hall) to appear, come up, show
(new moon); to begin, let in (month) II to
say the words l ilha ill llh; to shout
with joy, rejoice, exult, jubilate; to
applaud, acclaim, cheer ( s.o.) IV to
appear (new moon); to cheer, exult; to
offer up ( an animal to a deity) V to
shine, gleam, glow, be radiant; to beam
with joy (face); to be delighted, jubilant;
to cheer. rejoice, exult, jubilate VII to fall
heavily, pour down (rain); to begin (
with), take up, undertake, tackle, attack (
in (new month); to raise ones voice; to
intone, strike up ( a tune); to begin, start
( a task); to open, begin, introduce,
initiate ( s.th. with or by)
hill pl. ahilla, ahll2
new moon; half-moon, crescent;
parenthesis; any crescent-shaped object
hill lunar; crescent-shaped,
lunate, sickle-shaped
halal fright, terror, dismay
tahll pl. tahll2 utterance of
the formula l ilha ill llh; rejoicing,
exultation, jubilation; applause,
acclamation, acclaim, cheering, cheers
tahallul joy, jubilation, exultation
istihll beginning, opening,
introduction, initiation
istihll incipient, initial,
starting, opening, introductory, initiative
muhallal crescent-shaped, lunate
1030
mutahallil jubilant, rejoicing,
exultant; radiant, beaming
mustahall beginning, start, outset
 haliba a (halab) to be hairy, covered with
hair
halib hairy, covered with hair;
shaggy, hirsute
hulb (coll.; n. un. )hair, bristles
hilb pl. ahlb anchor, grapnel,
grappling iron, boat hook
ahlab2, f. halb2, pl. hulb waste, squander, spend, exhaust, use up,
hairy, hirsute, shaggy
hulba lochia (med.)
muhallabya a dessert resembling
blancmange, made of rice flour, milk and
sugar
hallaj and ihllaj myrobalan, emblic destruction; disaster; jeopardy, perilous
(fruit of Phyllanthus emblica L.; bot.);
ellipse (geom.)
ihllaj elliptic(al)
1
halasa i (hals) to emaciate, consume,
waste away ( s.o.; of a disease); pass.
hulisa to be consumptive, suffer from
pulmonary tuberculosis II to waste away,
become lean, emaciated, haggard; to talk
nonsense IV to smile
hals emaciation, wasting away;
pulmonary tuberculosis, consumption,
phthisis; nonsense, bosh, silly talk
2
look up alphabetically
helsink Helsinki (capital of Finland)
halia a (hala) to be impatient or restless,
be anxious, be in despair
hala impatience, restlessness,
uneasiness; fear, burning anxiety; alarm,
dismay
hal impatient, restless, uneasy,
anxious; dismayed, appalled
hal impatient, restless, uneasy,
anxious; dismayed, appalled
hillauf bearded; bristly
halqama to gulp down, devour ( s.th.)
halaka i (halk, hulk, halk,
tahluka) to perish; to die; to be
annihilated, wiped out, destroyed II and
IV to ruin, destroy ( s.th.)
( hart, nasl) to destroy lock, stock
and barrel VI to exert o.s., do ones
utmost ( in); to pounce, fall, throw o.s. (
upon); to fight desperately ( for); to
covet, crave ( s.th.); to feel enthusiasm
( for), devote o.s. eagerly ( to), go
all out ( for); to become languid, tired,
weak; to drop in utter exhaustion ( on);
to break down, collapse VII and VIII to
risk danger, imperil o.s., act desperately X
to exert o.s., do ones utmost ( in); to
consume ( s.th.); to discharge, pay off,
amortize ( a debt); pass. ustuhlika to
perish, die
hulk death; destruction, ruin
halka, halaka total loss, ruin,
situation, danger
halk total loss, ruin, destruction;
perdition, eternal damnation
mahlaka. mahluka. mahlika pl.
mahlik2 dangerous place, danger
spot; dangerous situation; danger, peril
tahluka ruin; jeopardy, perilous
situation, danger
tahluk enthusiasm, zeal, ardor (
for), (vivid) interest ( in);
weakness, fatigue, languor
istihlk consumption; attrition,
wear and tear; discharge, amortization
istihlk consumer- (in
compounds; e.g., goods, prices, etc.) 1031
hlik pl. halk, hullak,
hullk, hawlik perishing,
dying; dead; mortal, destructible,
perishable; doomed to perdition, damned;
irretrievably lost, irredeemable
muhlik destructive, devastating,
annihilating, scathing, withering;
pernicious, ruinous, dangerous, perilous,
deadly, lethal; medium of destruction or
extermination
mutahlik broken down, down-
and-out; exhausted
mustahlik consumer
mustahlak consumption
hallily hallelujah
 1
halumma up! get up! come! now regard ( s.o.); to be on s.o.s ( )mind, be
then! come on! onward! forward! (with s.o.s ( )concern; to worry, trouble ( s.o.);
acc.) out with ...! bring ...! give me (us) ...! to be of interest ( to s.o.), interest ( s.o.);
( halumm) now then, go (f.) to be important, be of consequence, to
quickly to him! ( bi-n) come on! matter VIII to be distressed, grieved,
lets go! ( jarran) and so on, etc. worried ( by); to worry, be concerned (
2 about); to concern o.s. (, occasionally
hillam languid, listless, slack, limp
also , with); to feel concern ( for), take
hulm jelly, gelatin an interest ( in); to attach importance
hulm jellylike, gelatinous ( to); to be interested ( in); to look (
after); to pay attention ( to). take notice (
tahln Hellenization of), bear in mind ( s.th.); to go to
halhala to weave finely ( s.th., also a trouble, go to great lengths ( on behalf
of or for s.o. about s.th.); to take care (
poem), weave flimsily ( s.th.); to of s.o.), take s.o. ( )under ones wing,
wear out ( a garment), let it become help, assist ( s.o.); to provide ( for); to
shabby, threadbare, thin be anxious or solicitous ( about) 1032
halhal fine; thin, flimsy; delicate hamm pl. humm anxiety,
halhil fine; thin, flimsy; delicate concern, solicitude; worry, care; sorrow,
grief, affliction, distress; interest;
halhla pl. halhil2 (eg.)
intention, design, plan; important matter;
worn dress, old rag, tatters
weight, moment, importance, significance,
muhalhal thin, flimsy, gauzelike, consequence
diaphanous; finely woven (also, of a
himm pl. ahmm, f. himma,
poem); worn, shabby, threadbare, tattered,
pl. -t, hamim2 decrepit, senile; old
ragged
man
halwasa hallucination; vision
himma pl. himam endeavor,
helikoptar helicopter ambition, intention, design; resolution,
hallaj and ihllaj myrobalan, emblic determination; zeal, ardor, eagerness;
(fruit of Phyllanthus emblica L.; bot.); high-mindedness, high-aiming ambition
ellipse (geom.) and high-aspiring,
having far-reaching aims; high-minded
ihlaj elliptic(al)
hammm careworn, worried;
hilyaun asparagus anxious, solicitous; eager, active,
1
hum they (3rd pers. m. pl. of the pers. pron.) energetic
2
hamma u (hamm, mahamma) to humm pl. himm high-
disquiet, make uneasy. fill with anxiety, minded; generous, magnanimous; heroic,
distress, grieve ( s.o.); to preoccupy, gallant
interest, regard, concern, affect ( s.o.), be ahamm2 more important, of greater
of interest ( to s.o.); to be on s.o.s () importance
mind, be s.o.s ( )concern; to worry,
trouble ( s.o.); to be important, be of ahammya importance,
importance or consequence ( to s.o.); -- significance, consequence; interest
(hamm) to worry, be concerned ( about); unimportant; ( allaqa)
to have in mind, intend, plan ( s.th., to to attach importance to;
do s.th.); to consider ( doing s.th.), think ( maknin) to be of the greatest
of doing s.th. ( ;)to be about, be going ( importance
to do s.th.), be on the point of doing mahamma pl. mahmm2
s.th. ( ), begin to, start doing s.th. ( important matter; task, function, duty;
;)to rise, get up IV to grieve, commission, assignment, mission
distress, concern, preoccupy, affect,
 important matters; m. al- shrink II and IV to quiet, calm, still,
manib official duties, official functions
tahmm lulling a baby to sleep by
singing
tahmma lullaby
ihtimm pl. -at concern, interest;
anxiety; solicitude; care; attention;
endeavor, ambition
hmm important, significant,
momentous, weighty, ponderous, grave,
serious; interesting
hmma pl. hawmm2 vermin; shed; to pour down (rain), flow (tears)
past; reptile; see also under
mahmm concerned, worried,
anxious, distressed, grieved, sorrowful;
preoccupied; interested
muhimm important, significant,
momentous, weighty, ponderous, grave,
serious; interesting
muhimma pl. -t important matter;
pl. requirements, exigencies; equipment,
material(s); stores, supplies, provisions
( arbya) war material; O insinuations; taunts, gibes, sneers
( mutaarrika) rolling stock
muhtamm interested ( in);
concerned, anxious, solicitous ( about);
attentive ( to), mindful ( of)
muhtammt tasks, functions,
duties
hum both of them (3rd pers. dual of the
pers. pron.); see also
humyn imperial
hamija a (hamaj) to he hungry
hamai (coll.; n. un. )pl.
ahmj small flies, gnats; riffraff, rabble,
ragtag; savages, barbarians
hamaj hunger ravenous hamasa i (hams) to mumble, mutter; to
hunger, voracious appetite
hamaj uncivilized, savage; rude;
barbaric, barbarous; a savage, barbarian
hamajya savageness, savagery;
rudeness; barbarism
hamada u ( humd) to abate, subside,
let up, calm down, die away, fade away,
die down, cool off; to become smaller,
appease, placate, soothe, mitigate,
alleviate, allay, stifle, quell, suppress, put
out, extinguish ( s.th.)
humd extinction; cooling off (of a
passion, and the like); lull; fatigue, 1033
exhaustion, tiredness; motionlessness,
torpor; stiffness, rigidity, rigor; death
hmid calm, quiet, still, extinct;
lifeless; rigid, stiff (corpse)
hamara u i (hamr) to pour out, shed (
s.th., water, tears) VII to be poured out, be
hamra shower of rain; growl(ing),
snarl(ing)
hamaza u i (hamz) to prick; to drive, urge
on, prod, goad on ( s.o., s.th.); to spur (
ones horse); (gram.) to provide with
hamza ( a letter or word)
hamz spurring, goading, prodding,
urging, pressing; beating, striking,
kicking; backbiting, slander
(lamz) innuendoes, defamatory
hamz glottal stop before or after a
vowel (phon.)
hamza pl. hamazt hamza, the
character designating the glottal stop:
(gram.) h. al-qa disjunctive
hamza (gram.); h. al-wal
conjunctive hamza (gram.);
the (connecting) link between ...
hammz slanderer, backbiter
mihmaz pl. mahmiz2 spur;
goad
mihmz pl. mahmz2 spur;
goad
whisper ( s.th., to s.o.)
(f wajhih) to whisper in s.o.s ear VI to
whisper together, exchange whispered
remarks
hams mutter(ing), mumble;
whisper(ing)
hamsa pianissimo of a singer;
whisper; pl. hamast whispering,
whispers
 hawmis2 mumbled or whispered
words
hamaa u (ham) to bite ( s.o.)
hmi margin (of a bock, page,
etc.) ... on the periphery of ...,
on the side lines of ..., aside from, in
connection with ..., on the occasion of ...,
apropos of sidenotes of
the news (title of a BBC news
commentary)
hmi marginal
hamaa a u to shed tears (eye); to stream,
flow, well
hamaka u (hamk) to urge, press ( s.o.
to do s.th.) VII to be engrossed, be
completely engaged ( in s.th.), be
dedicated ( to), give o.s. up, abandon
o.s. wholeheartedly ( to, also ), be
loot, become absorbed ( in), be
completely taken up, be preoccupied (
with)
inhimk wholehearted dedication,
abandon, engrossment, exclusive
occupation, absorption; preoccupation
munhamik engrossed, absorbed,
loot ( in), taken up, preoccupied (
with); given, addicted ( to); dedicated (
to)
hamala u i (haml, hamaln,
huml) to be bathed in tears, shed
tears (eye) IV to neglect ( s.th.); to omit,
leave out ( s.th.); to disregard, fail to
consider or notice, overlook, forget (
s.th.); to cease to use, disuse ( s.th.); to
leave unpointed, provide with no
diacritical points ( a consonant; gram.)
VI to be careless, negligent, remiss, lazy
VII to be bathed in tears, shed tears (eye);
to pour down (rain)
hamal left to o.s., to ones own
devices, left alone; left untended (cattle);
neglected, disregarded 1034
ihml negligence; neglect;
dereliction of duty; carelessness,
heedlessness, inattention; nonobservance,
disregard, nonconsideration
hmil pl. hummal roving, 2
roaming; vagabond, tramp
muhmil negligent, neglectful,
remiss; careless, heedless, inattentive,
slovenly
muhmal neglected; omitted;
disregarded, not taken into account;
obsolete, antiquated; lacking, devoid of,
not provided with; without diacritical
points, unpointed (gram.);
deadletter office without
signature, unsigned; dead (i.e.,
undeliverable) letter; sallat al-
m. wastebasket; ( kammya)
negligible quantity
hamlaja to amble (horse)
himlj pl. hamlj2 ambler,
ambling horse
hamhama to say hmm; to mumble,
mutter; to grumble; to growl, snarl; to
hum, buzz, drone
hamhama pl. -t, hamhim2
an inarticulate utterance (hmm,
hmm),e.g., to express astonishment, and
the like; mumble, mutter(ing)j hum, buzz,
drone (also. e.g., of an airplane); growl,
snarl
) )ham u (hamw) to flow; to pour forth;
see also alphabetically
1
hanna , to weep, sigh; to long, yearn (
for)
2
hunna they (3rd pers. f. pl. of the pers.
pron.)
1
hana see under
hun and hhun here, over here, in
this place; hn (with foll. verb) there,
then, now, by now, at this point or
here, over here, to this place; up to
here, so far, up to this point, up to this
amount; from here; of this, hereof,
from this, hence; for this reason, therefore;
by this, hereby; here and there
hunka and hunlika there,
over there, in that place; there is (are)
( qaul) there is a proverb;
there, over there, to that place;
from there, from that place;
whats up? whats the matter?
hanaa u a i ( han, hin, han) to
be beneficial, wholesome, healthful,
 salutary, salubrious ( or to s.o.), do s.o.
( or )good; -- hania a ( hana) to
he delighted ( with), take pleasure (
in), enjoy ( s.th.) II to congratulate,
felicitate ( or s.o. on or on the
occasion of); to make happy, gladden,
delight ( s.o.) V to enjoy, savor ( s.th.),
take pleasure ( in)
han and hana happiness,
bliss; good health, well-being;
congratulation, felicitation
hin tar
han healthful, salutary,
salubrious, wholesome, beneficial;
pleasant, agreeable; easy, smooth,
comfortable or hanan engineers (mil.)
maran approx.: may it do you much
good! I hope you will enjoy it (i.e., food)!
tahnia pl. tahni2
congratulation, felicitation
hni happy, delighted, glad;
servant; hnia servant girl, maid
muhanni congratulator, well-
wisher
al-hind India; the (East) Indians
British India; ( nya) spruce up ( s.o.)
1035
Indochina; ( arqya) East
India; juzur al-h. al-garbya
the Caribbean Islands, the West Indies
hind Indian; (pl. hund) an
Indian ( mu) the Indian
Ocean; ( umr) the American
Indians
muhannad sword made of Indian
steel
hindab, hindib wild chicory,
endive (bot.)
hindz measure
hindza cubit (Eg., = 65.6 cm)
handasa engineering; mechanical
engineering; architecture, architectural
engineering; army engineering; geometry;
geodesy, surveying ilm al-h.
geometry; h. ar-riyy irrigation
engineering; ( zirya)
agronomy; ( saya) plane
geometry, planimetry;
(fargya) solid geometry, stereometry;
h. al-mudun town planning;
( mimrya) architecture;
h. al-maidn combat
engineering; ( kahrabya)
electrotechnics, electrical engineering;
h. al-l-silk radio
engineering; ( madanya) civil
engineering; mechanical
engineering
handas technical, technological;
geometrical; of or relative to mechanical
engineering; engineering, industrial
( firqa) corps of engineers;
( qwt) corps of engineers; the
hindsa = , see above
muhandis architect; engineer;
technician ( zir)
agricultural engineer;
(askar) army engineer;
(kahrab) electrotechnician, electrical
engineer; ( mimr) architect
handama to order, array, adjust ( s.th.);
to make smart, neat, trim; to dress up,
handama harmony; orderliness,
tidiness, neatness, trimness
hindm harmony; orderliness,
tidiness, neatness, trimness; attire, dress,
garb to adjust ones clothes;
to dress, dress up
muhandam well-ordered, well-
arrayed; orderly, tidy, neat; trim, smart;
well-dressed; made to measure, tailor-
made (suit)
hanr pl. hanr2 (tun.) country
estate
hungr Hungarian (adj. and n.)
II to hurry, hasten, rush III and VI to
laugh contemptuously, sneer; to sob,
whimper
and see 1
1
hanam dried dates
2
look up alphabetically
 hunaiha a little while; hunaihatan for a
little while
hanhana to lull to sleep with a song ( a
baby)
hanhna lullaby
hana pl. -t, hanawt thing; s.th.
unimportant, trifle, bagatelle; blemish,
defect, fault, flaw
hinw time
hany (= )wholesome, delicious see
hih (interj.) oh! alas! woe! (also
derogatorily) oh, come now! 1036
see 1
1 collapse; -- (haur) to pull down, topple,
huwa he; it (3rd pers. m. sing. of the pers.
pron.); God; see
huwya essence, nature;
coessentiality, consubstantiality; identity;
identity card (= ( bring down, throw to the ground ( s.o.) V
aurq al-h. identification to be destroyed, crash down, fall down,
papers, credentials; tadkirat al- collapse; to rush headlong into danger; to
h. (ir., syr.) identity card;
(urifa) to be identified
2
hwa see
hauta, hta pl. huwat depression in
the ground; chasm, abyss
hawaj folly, light-headedness, rashness,
thoughtlessness
ahwaj2, f. hauj2, pl.
hj reckless; impatient, rash, thoughtless,
harebrained, precipitate, hasty, foolhardy;
violent, vehement, frantic
hauj pl. hj hurricane,
tornado, cyclone
) )hda u (haud) to be a Jew II to
proceed Ilowly; to intoxicate, inebriate (
s.o.; of wine); to make Jewish ( s.o.) III to
be indulgent, forbearing, conciliatory,
considerate, complaisant, obliging ( to
s.o.); to avoid, shun ( s.o.), stay out of
s.o.s ( )way V to become a Jew or
Jewish
al-hd the Jews, the Jewry
hawda forbearance, indulgence, 1
consideration, complaisance,
obligingness; clemency, leniency, gentle-
heartedness; relaxation, mitigation (of
laws)
tahwd Judaization
muhwada complaisance,
obligingness, indulgence, consideration
low pricing
mutahawwid Judaized, under
Jewish influence or control
mutahwid moderate (price)
see
) )hra u (haur, hur) to be
destroyed, crash down, fall down,
wreck, demolish, destroy ( s.th., esp., a
building); to bring down, throw to the
ground ( s.o.) II to endanger, imperil,
jeopardize, expose to danger ( s.o.); to
be light-headed, careless, irresponsible; to
elapse, pass, go by (time) VII to be
demolished or torn down; to crash down,
fall down, collapse; to fall apart (line of
argument)
haur pl. ahwr lake
haura pl. -t danger, peril
hawr pl. hawwra
volunteer; O short-term soldier, irregular;
irregular troops
hayyir rash, precipitate, thoughtless,
ill-considered, imprudent
tahawwur light-headedness,
carelessness, irresponsibility; hastiness,
rashness, precipitance
inhiyr crash, fall, downfall;
collapse, breakdown
mutahawwir rash, hasty,
precipitate; frivolous, thoughtless;
lightheaded, careless, irresponsible,
reckless; foolhardy, daredevil
hormn hormone
hawisa a (hawas) to be baffled, startled,
perplexed; to be utterly confused, be at a
complete 1088, be at ones wits end II to
 baffle, startle, perplex, confuse, bewilder,
confound ( s.o.); to delude, beguile,
befool, infatuate, dazzle, blind ( s.o.); to
craze, drive crazy, render 1037 insane (
s.o.) V to be beguiled, befooled,
infatuated, dazzled, lose ones head; to
abandon o.s. completely; to be a fantast, a
visionary VII to be beguiled, befooled,
infatuated, dazzled
hawas foolishness, folly, craze,
madness; dreaminess, visionariness,
rapture, ecstasy; wild fancy, fantasy;
raving madness, frenzy; infatuation,
blindness, delusion
haws thought, idea, concept,
notion
haws and hws pl. terrible!
ahwisa (eg.) look, canal lock
ahwas2 foolish, crazy, mad;
dazzled, blind, infatuated
mahws (religious) visionary
muhawwas foolish, crazy, mad;
dazzled, blind, infatuated
mutahawwis pl. -n fantast,
visionary
2
hausa clamor, shouting, uproar
hawia a (hawa) and ha u (hau) exaggeration; nightmare, phantom,
to be excited, be in a state of commotion
II to excite, agitate, unsettle ( s.o.,
s.th.); to rouse, incite, stir up, inflame (
the mob); to sick ( a dog on), set,
incite ( s.o. against); to exert a
disturbing influence ( on) III to annoy
by its barking ( s.o.; of a dog) V to get
tumultuous, get excited, run riot
haua excitement, agitation,
commotion, riot, uproar, ruckus, rumpus,
row, fracas; turmoil, tumult
tahw excitation, agitation; holand or holanda Holland
incitement, instigation
muhawwa exciting;
troublemaker, agitator, rabble rouser
) )ha u a (hau) to vomit, throw up; II to nod drowsily (head of s.o. falling
to retch II to make ( s.o.) vomit V= I
1
hka see
2
hok hookey ice hockey hma pl. -t, hm head; crown,
) )hla u (haul) to frighten, scare,
terrify, appall, horrify, strike with terror (
s.o.) II to alarm, dismay, frighten, terrify,
horrify, fill with horror ( s.o.); to threaten,
menace, scare ( s.o. with); to wield
menacingly ( a stick); to picture ( s.th.)
as a terrible thing, mike ( s.th.) appear
terrible; to exaggerate, overemphasize (
or s.th.), make much ado, make a
great fuss ( about) X to deem significant
( s.th.); to consider terrific, appalling,
tremendous ( s.th.); to be horrified (
at), be appalled, be staggered ( by)
haul pl. ahwl, hul
terror, fright, alarm, shook, horror,
dismay; power ab l-h. the
Sphinx; y la-l-haul oh, how
haula a terrifying thing, a fright;
object of rear or terror
hl mirage, fata morgana;
cardamom (spice)
hla pl. -t halo (around moon or
sun, also, e.g., of a saint); ring around the
eye; nimbus, aureole, glory
tahwl pl. -t, tahwl2
frightening, soaring, alarming,
intimidation, cowing, browbeating;
bugbear, bogey, bugaboo; pl.
embellishments, ornamental flourishes;
pleasant visions
hil dreadful, frightful, terrible,
horrible, appalling, ghastly, awful; huge,
vast, formidable, gigantic, prodigious,
tremendous, stupendous; extraordinary,
enormous, fabulous, amazing, astonishing,
surprising; grim, hard, fierce (battle, fight)
muhawwil terrible, dreadful 1038
holand Dutch, Hollandish; (pl.
-n) Dutchman, Hollander
Hollywood
asleep); to doze off, fall asleep; to doze,
nap V to doze off, fall asleep; to doze, nap
vertex; top, summit; see also under
1
) )hna u (haun) to be or become easy
( for s.o.), be of little importance (
to); to attach no importance to
the fact that ..., care little that ...; -- (hn,
hawn, mahna) to be or
become despicable, contemptible II to
make easy, ease, facilitate ( s.th. for
s.o.); to represent or picture ( s.th., to
s.o.) as easy or as of little importance; to
make light ( or of), belittle, minimize,
deride, flout, disparage ( or s.th.)
( hawwin) take it easy! dont get
excited! never mind! IV to despise (
s.o., s.th.); to humble, humiliate, abase,
demean, scorn, disdain, slight, treat with
contempt or disdain ( s.o.); to insult (
s.o.) VI to consider easy ( s.th.); to think
little. make little ( of), attach little
importance ( to), disdain, despise (
s.th.); to be negligent, remiss, lax,
careless, ( or in s.th.), neglect ( or
s.th.); (with negation) not to fail ( to do
s.th.), not to tire ( of doing s.th.) X
istahna and istahwana to consider
easy ( s.th.); to make little ( of), esteem
lightly, disesteem, underrate, undervalue (
s.th.); to disdain, despise ( s.th.); to
misunderstand, misjudge ( s.th.)
( yustahnu) not to be sneezed at, not
to be overlooked
haun ease, leisure, convenience,
comfort; easiness, facility; haunan
slowly, gently, leisurely, imperceptibly
slowly, gently, leisurely,
imperceptibly; at your
convenience
hn disgrace, shame, degradation,
abasement
hawn despicableness, lowly,
contemptible position; insignificance,
negligibleness; degradation. abasement;
disgrace, shame, ignominy
hayyin, hain pl. -n, ahwin
easy; insignificant, negligible, of little
value; inconsiderable; unimportant; plain,
simple, homely, modest hain
lain simple and nice
hna easiness, facility;
convenience, comfort, ease; leisure
huwain gentleness, mildness,
kindliness; slowness, leisureliness, leisure,
ease; slowly, gently, leisurely,
unhurriedly
ahwan2 f. haun2 easy;
comfortable; -- (elative) easier; smaller,
less, lesser; of less value, more worthless
( ahwanah) how small, how
worthless it is! a. a-arrain the
lesser evil
mahna contempt, despicableness;
degradation, abasement, humiliation,
disgrace, shame
ahna insult; affront, contumely,
abuse
tahwun disesteem, disdain,
scorn, neglect; indifference ( to s.th.)
istihna disesteem, disdain,
scorn, neglect; contempt
muhn insulting, abusive,
offending; contemptuous, humiliating,
disgraceful, ignominious, outrageous
mutahwin negligent, remiss,
lax, indifferent
mustahn disdainer, scorner,
despiser 1039
2
look up alphabetically
1
haw i (huwy) to drop, fall, tumble, fall
down, come down, sink; to topple, tumble
down, be upset; to swoop down (predatory
bird); to pounce, fall ( upon); to blow
(wind); to overthrow ( s.o. or s.th.)
( raqabatih) he fell in her
arms, he embraced her;
(maqmih) to degrade s.o.; -- hawiya a (
hawan) to love ( , s.o., s.th.); to
become fond ( , of); to like ( , s.o.,
s.th.); to go in ( for a hobby), take up as
a hobby ( s.th.) II to air, ventilate ( a
room), expose to the wind or to fresh air (
s.th.); to fan the air III to show o.s.
complaisant ( to s.o.), humor ( s.o.); to
flatter ( s.o.) IV to fall down, drop; to
drop ( s.th.); to pounce, fall ( upon
s.o., with); to lean, bend ( over); to
reach ( for), grab, grasp ( at). make
for s.th. ( ;)to strive ( for), aspire (
to), desire ( s.th.) ( bi-
yadih) to stretch out ones hand for, reach
out for V to be aired, be ventilated VI to
break down, collapse; to plunge down,
throw o.s. down VII to fall down, drop; to mihwh ventilator
be thrust down X to attract ( s.o.); to tahwiya airing, ventilation
seduce, tempt ( s.o.); to entice, lure (
s.o.); to charm, enchant, fascinate, istihw fascination, captivation;
enrapture, delight, entrance, carry away ( enchantment; seducement, enticement,
s.o.) temptation; suggestion
hawan pl. ahw, hwin pl. huwh falling,
hawy love; affection; passion; dropping, sinking; loving, in love; lover;
inclination, liking, bent, wish; desire, fancier, fan, amateur; dabbler, dilettante
longing, craving; fancy, whim, caprice, hwiya chasm, gulf, abyss,
pleasure; sects, heretic tendencies infernal depth, bottomless pit, hell 1040
be convenient to s.o., please s.o.; 2
in love; sectarians, huwya see 1
dissenters hiya she (3rd pers. sing. f. of the pers. pron.)
hwa pl. -t, huwan abyss, hayy (interj.) up! come on! lets go! now
chasm; cave, cavern; pit, hole, ditch, then!
trench; (fig.) gulf
) )ha i a and hayua u ( aia,
haw pl. ahwiya, ahw haya) to be shapely, well-formed,
air; atmosphere; wind, draft; weather, beautiful to look at, present a handsome
climate ( afar) the plague; appearance; -- a ( ha) to desire, crave
( alq) open air; fresh air; ( s.th.) II to make ready, get ready, put
outdoors, in the open, in fresh air; in readiness ( s.th.); to prepare ( s.th.);
compressed air; silk to fix up, fit up, set up ( s.th.); to pave
al-h. aviation; ulumbat al-h. air the way ( for s.o., for s.th.); to arm,
pump mobilize, get in fighting condition (mil.);
haw airy, breezy; aerial, air- (in to put in order, to order, array, arrange (
compounds), atmospheric(al); pneumatic; s.th.); to incline, dispose, make inclined (
O inside (diameter, width); antenna, s.o. to), influence ( s.o. in favor of)
aerial, ( silk); flighty, whimsical, ( asbba) to pave the way
capricious; ethereal; fantastic for ...; ( dtah) to prepare o.s. (at
wind wheel; O ( ir) frame heart) for ...; ( furatan
antenna; O ( auq) loop mulimatan) to offer a good opportunity
antenna; O ( murtafi) elevated for ... III to agree, come to an agreement (
antenna; O ( murtafi) with s.o. about); to concur ( with
transmitting antenna; O s.o. in); to adapt o.s., adjust o.s. ( to s.o.)
(muzdawij) two-wire antenna; O V to be prepared, be in readiness, be
( mustaqbil) receiving antenna; O ready, stand ready ( for); to be armed, be
( mufrad) single-wire antenna prepared for war, be in fighting condition
(mil.); to prepare o.s., get ready ( for); to
haww amateur be possible ( to s.o.); to be well-dressed
hawya pl. -t hobby, sport or art tahayya make ready! (mil.
cultivated as an amateur; amateurism, command) VI to adapt themselves to one
amateurship another, make mutual adjustment; to be in
agreement, be agreed
hawwya fan; ventilator
haia pl. -t form, shape; exterior,
ahw more desirable, preferable appearance, guise, aspect, bearing; air,
uhwiya abyss, chasm, deep, depth mien, physiognomy; attitude, position;
mahwan, mahwh pl. situation, condition, state; group, (social)
class; society, association; body,
mahwin2 abyss, chasm, gulf; place of
corporation; organization; board,
ones longing, object of desire;
commission, committee; corps; cadre,
atmosphere
skeleton organization h. appearance, venerableness, gravity,
al-umam al-muttaida and dignity; standing, prestige
(umamya) the United Nations
hayyb timid, timorous, shy,
Organization; ( ijtimya)
diffident; respectful
human society; h. al-
ida al-l-silkya broadcasting hayb timid, timorous, shy,
corporation; h. arkn al- diffident; respectful; awful, fearful,
arb general staff; dreadful; awe-inspiring, awesome,
(usl) naval staff; venerable
(barlamnya) parliamentary group; mahb object of reverence and
board of arbitration; jury, committee respect
of judges, committee of umpires (in
sports), the referees (in military mahba dignity
maneuvers); teaching staff; tahayyub fear, dread; awe
faculty, professoriate (of an academic
institution); ( ) )ukmya) mahb and mahb dreaded,
governmental agency, authority; dreadful, awful
diplomatic corps; muhb awe-inspiring, awesome,
(sadya) the Sadist Union (formerly, a venerable; grave, solemn, dignified
political group in Egypt); ( ibbya)
mutahayyib respectful, reverential
ambulance corps; ( niybya)
representative body, parliamentary body; II to call ( s.o.)
ilm al-h. astronomy haita, ( laka) come here!
hayyi, hay good-looking, ) )hja i (haij, hayajn,
handsome; shapely hiyj) to be astir or stirred up, be or
tahyia preparation; training; get excited, agitated; to rise; to awaken, be
adaptation, adjustment, accommodation awakened, spring up (desire); to be in
great excitement, be very upset, be
muhyaa joint usufruct, use or
furious, indignant ( about, at); to run
profit sharing (Isl. Law)
high, be rough, stormy (sea); -- and II
O tahayyu military preparations to move, stir, agitate ( s.th.); to stir up,
tahayyu (mutual) adaptation, excite ( s.th.); to disturb, trouble,
(mutual) adjustment perturb, disquiet ( s.th.); to provoke,
incite, stimulate ( s.th.); to kindle, ignite,
muhayya prepared; ready inflame, incense ( s.th.); to make ( the
( ( hba (1st pen. perf. hibtu) a ( blood) boil; to awaken, arouse, evoke (
haiba, mahba) to fear, dread ( e.g., a desire); to bring to light ( s.th.); to
s.o., s.th.), be afraid ( of); to stand in irritate, inflame ( an organ); to drive,
awe ( of), be awed ( by); to honor, urge on, spur on ( s.o., s.th., to); to
respect, revere, venerate ( s.o.) II to make rouse, start, scare up ( a bird) IV = II; V
( s.th.) be dreaded ( by s.o.), make it and VIII to be astir, be restive, be in a
dreadful to s.o., inspire s.o. ( )with awe state of commotion, be disturbed, be
( of); to make s.th. ( )appear dreadful excited, be agitated; to be awakened, be
or awesome ( to s.o.); to threaten, (a)roused, be scared up
frighten, intimidate, cow, daunt ( s.o.) excitement; agitation; commotion,
IV to call out, shout ( to s.o.); 1041 to disturbance, turmoil; dissension, strife;
call upon s.o. (), appeal ( to s.o.); to combat, battle
drive, urge, rouse, egg on, encourage (
s.o. to) V = I; to awe, frighten, scare, haij and haij fight,
threaten ( s.o.) VIII = I combat, battle, war

haiba fear, dread, awe; reverence, hayajn excitement; agitation;

veneration, esteem, respect; awe-inspiring commotion, disturbance, turmoil, tumult;
 outburst of rage, fury, irritation,
indignation, bitterness
hiyj excitement; agitation;
commotion, disturbance, turmoil, tumult;
outburst of rage, fury, irritation,
indignation, bitterness; raging, uproar (of
the elements)
tahyj excitation, agitation,
stimulation; provocation, incitement;
instigation; stirring up, fanning;
incensement, inflammation; O induction
(el.)
tahayyuj disturbance, commotion,
turmoil; excitement, agitation; emotional
disturbance; affect (jur.)
hij stirring, astir, agitated, in
commotion; rough, heaving (sea, waves);
excited, impassioned; angry, furious,
enraged he became angry, he
flew into a rage
muhayyaj exciting, stirring,
rousing, stimulating; provocative, inciting;
incendiary, inflammatory; agitator,
troublemaker, incendiary, seditionary,
rabble rouser; (pl. -t) a stimulant, an
excitant
mahd broken, shattered
m. al-jan broken-winged, helpless,
feeble, sapless
) )ha i (hai) to shout, clamor, raise a
din, be tumultuous
hai shouting, clamor, din, uproar,
ruckus
hiy shouting, clamor
(miy) tumultuous uproar, ruckus, wild
shouting, tumult
see
mahya pl. mahyi2 broad, paved
road
) )hfa i (haif) to be parched, thirsty;
-- a (haif) to run away (slave); --
hayifa and hfa a (haif, hayaf) to be slim,
slender, slight, frail
haif parching wind
hayaf slenderness, slimness
hayf burned up with thirst
haifn2 parched; thirsty
ahyaf2, f. haif2, pl. hf
slender, slim; slight, frail, wispy

mutahayyij and muhtj haikal pl. haykil2 temple; large

agitated, upset, excited, impassioned
hdrn hydrogen 1042
II to hurl down, topple, tear down, destroy,
demolish ( s.th.)
hayyir see
hrq hieratic (writing)
hroglf hieroglyphic
hruwn heroin (chem.)
) )ha i (hai) to be agitated, excited
h thicket, brush, scrub
haia excitement; commotion,
turmoil, tumult, riot
) )ha i: ha janh his
wing was broken, he wass powerless
haia summer cholera, cholera
morbus; Asiatic cholera
building, edifice; altar; skeleton;
framework (of a structure), frame; chassis
(of an automobile); colossal, gigantic,
huge
haikal: ( munwara)
cadre maneuver, skeleton exercise (mil.)
1
) )hla i (hail) to pour, strew, sprinkle (
s.th. on) II and IV do.; to pile up (
sand, earth; said of the wind) VII to be
heaped up, be poured in a heap, fall in a
heap; to rain down (bombs); to shower (
s.o. with), assail ( s.o., s.o.
with; instead of also accusative of a
verbal noun)
(arban wa-atman) he fell upon her with
blows and abusive language
hail piled-up sand
(hailamn) heaps of money, enormous
sums
hayaln sand heap
inhiyl, inh. al-ar
landslide
2
hayl mote, atom
3
hayl, hayyl primordial matter;
matter; substance
hayl material (adj.)
hayuln material (adj.)
) )hma i (haim, hayamn) to fall out of the question that ...;
in love ( with); to be in love ( with); to
be enthusiastic, ecstatic, frantic, beside
o.s.; to be in raptures, be crazy ( about),
be gone on ( ;)to roam, rove, wander
( wajhih) to wander aimlessly
about; ( widyn) approx.: he
was no longer himself, he was floating in
higher regions, he was beside himself, he
was out of his senses; to let
ones eyes wander; -- ( huym, hiym)
to thirst ( for) 1043 II to confuse,
bewilder, puzzle, mystify, mislead ( s.o.);
to infatuate, enchant, captivate, carry
away, rob of his senses ( s.o.; of love) X
pass. ustuhma to be infatuated,
enchanted, captivated, carried away; to be
passionately in love
huym, hiym passionate love;
burning thirst
haym confused, puzzled, baffled,
mystified, perplexed
haimn2, f. haim, pl. genit.) many a, how many
hiym, madly in love; very thirsty
him pl. huyyam, huyym many cups I have drunk! -- a-wa
perplexed, mystified, baffled, puzzled,
confused; out of ones senses, beside o.s.;
in love, mad with love
mustahm in love, mad with love
haimana to say amen; to guard (
s.o.), watch ( over s.o.), watch
narrowly ( s.o.), keep an eye on (;)
to control ( s.th.)
haimana supervision,
superintendence, surveillance; control;
suzerainty, supremacy, ascendancy,
hegemony
muhaimin supervising,
superintending, controlling; guardian;
protector; master ( of s.th., also, e.g., of
a situation)
and see 1
hainama to murmur softly
hh (interj.) hey! Lets go! step lively! look
alive!
haihtu, haiht, haihti but oh! far from
the mark! wrong! what an idea! how
preposterous! it is absolutely
how far he is from doing so!
what a difference between them! how
different they are! and how
impossible is this to you!
wa 1. and; and also, and ... too not
one, not a single one; -- 2. (with foll. acc.)
with wa-iyyhu with him;
( yattafiqu, mabdiahum) it is not
in agreement with their principles; -- 3.
introducing circumstantial (l) clauses:
while, as, when, whereas ( he
said while he smiled) he said with a smile;
( amsu) he arrived at
sunrise; -- 4. (with foll. genit.) by (in
oaths) by God! 5. (with foll.
(kasin) many a cup have I emptied! how
wa-ill (and if not), otherwise, else
wa-in even if, even though,
although
wa-lau even if, even though, even in
case that
wa-lkin, wa-lkinna (the latter
with foll. acc. or pers. suffix) but,
however, yet
toll (with the foll. noun ending in -h) oh
w-asafh! oh grief! alas!
( Fr. vapeur; colloq.) wbr pl. -t steam
engine; steamer, steamship; locomotive,
railroad, train; factory, mill; machine,
engine, apparatus; hot plate, heater, stove
express train;
freight train, goods train; 1044
w. ar-rukkb passenger train; w.
 ar.ri"" irrigation pump; w. az-
zala (eg.) steamroller; w. ra
paddle steamer; w. al-da local
train, accommodation train, way train
wt watt (el.)
wa pl. -t oasis
waada yaidu to bury alive ( a
newborn girl) V and VIII ittaada to be
slow, act or proceed deliberately, tarry,
hesitate, temporize ( in s.th.)
( miyatih) to walk slowly,
unhurriedly, saunter
wad deliberate, unhurried, slow;
deliberateness; wadan slowly;
gradually
tuada deliberateness, slowness
slowly, deliberately, unhurriedly
muttaid slow
waara yairu (war) to frighten ( s.o.)
X to be frightened, be struck with terror
wars Warsaw (capital of Poland)
winn Washington
w watt (el.)
wqwq in the description, of Arab
geographers, name of two different groups
of island (one east of China, the other
located in the Indian Ocean)
mauil refuge, asylum
III to agree, be in agreement ( with); to
suit ( s.o., s.th.), be suited ( to),
harmonize ( with) VI to agree, tally,
humanize
wim agreement; unity, concord,
harmony
muwama agreement; unity,
concord, harmony
wha, wh (interj.) with or to
express admiration: how wonderful is
(are) ! with to express regret: alas
! too bad for ...!
ww name of the letter
waya kettle
wabia yawbau ( waba),
wabua u ( wab, waba) and
pass. wubia to be plague-stricken,
infected, infested, poisoned, contaminated
waba pl. aub infectious
disease; epidemic
wab pl. aubia infectious
disease; epidemic
wab infectious, contagious;
epidemic(al); pestilential
wabi and wab infected,
poisoned, contaminated, infested; plague-
stricken, plague-ridden, plague-infected
maub poisoned, contaminated,
infested; infected, stricken ( by),
affected ( with)
II to reprimand, rebuke, censure, reprove,
scold, chide ( s.o. for)
taubk reproach, reproof, censure;
reprimand, rebuke
wabira yaubaru (wabar) to have
abundant hair or wool, be covered with
thick hair, be hirsute, hairy
wabr pl. wubr, wibr,
wibra daman (Hyrax syriaca: zool.)
wabar pl. aubr hair, fur of
camels and goats (furnishing the material
for tents) ahl al-w. the Bedouins
(as distinguished from )
wabir covered with hair, hairy,
hirsute 1045
aubar2 f. wabr covered with
hair, hairy, hirsute
muwabbar hairy, woolly
waba trash, rubbish, bosh; pl.
awb rabble, riffraff
wabaqa yabiqu and wabiqa
yaubaqu (wabaq, wubq,
maubiq) to perish, go to ruin, be destroyed
IV to ruin ( s.o.); to debase, humiliate,
mortify ( s.o.)
maubiq place of destruction, of
perdition; prison, jail
mbiqa pl. -t grave offence; act
of violence, crime; mortal sin
wabala yabilu (wabl) to shed
heavy rain (sky); -- wabula yaubulu
 (wabal, wabl, wabla, watar stringed, string- (in
wubl) to be unhealthy, unwholesome,
noxious (climate, air)
wabl downpour
wabl unhealthiness of the air or
climate; evil consequences of a deed;
harm, evil, curse
wabl unhealthy, unwholesome
(climate, food); of evil consequences,
hurtful, noxious, calamitous, disastrous,
pernicious
wbil heavy downpour; (fig.) hail,
shower ( ra) to
shower s.o. with a hail of bullets;
( atm) to shower s.o. with a
flood of abuse
wabaha, wabiha yaubahu (wabh) and
IV to heed, mind ( or s.o.), pay
attention ( or to), take notice ( or
of)
II to drive or ram in firmly ( a peg or
stake); to fix, fasten, secure ( s.th.)
( baitih) to stay at home
watad, watid pl. autd peg, pin;
tent pin, tent peg; stake, pole
watara yatiru (watr) to string, provide
with a string ( the bow); to wrong, harm
( s.o.), cheat, dupe ( s.o., out of, with
regard to) II to stretch, strain, draw tight,
tighten, pull taut ( a rope, a musical
string, and the like) III to do or perform (
s.th.) at intervals, intermittently, with
interruptions IV to string, provide with a
string ( the bow) V to be or become
strained, stretched, tight, taut
( alqt) relations were strained VI
to follow in uninterrupted succession; to
repeat itself, recur
witr uneven, odd (number);
singly, one by one, separately
watr, witr uneven, odd (number)
watar pl. autr string (of a
bow, of a musical instrument); sinew,
tendon (anat.); chord (geom.); hypotenuse
(geom.) ( asss) wat contusion, bruise; sprain,
to touch on a sensitive spot, get to the
heart of a matter; ( aut) vocal
cord
compounds)
watra pl. watir2 manner,
way; mode, fashion; procedure, method;
style; tone in this manner,
this way; in the same
manner; uniformly, in unison;
he continued in this tone
tatr one after the other, one by
one, in succession, successively
tawattur tension (also el. =
voltage); strain
nervousness, nervous tension;
(siys) political tension
tawtur succession; repetition,
recurrence; frequency, constancy,
incessancy, continuance; persistence;
frequency (el.) successively,
one after the other, in succession 1046
mautr one who has been
wronged by the murder of a relative, hut
to whom blood revenge is still denied
mutawattir stretched, strained,
taut, tense, rigid, firm, tight
mutawtir successive
watn pl. wutun autina aorta
III to come ( to, upon; of s.th. pleasant),
befall ( s.o.; s.th. pleasant); to be
complaisant, obliging ( toward s.o.),
oblige ( s.o.); to be favorable, propitious (
to s.o.); to be convenient ( to s.o.), suit (
s.o.); to turn out successful, be a success (
for s.o.); to be suited, suitable ( to s.o.),
become, befit ( s.o.), go well with ( ;)to
agree ( with; of food)
muwtin pleasant, agreeable,
pleasing, appealing, engaging, winning,
becoming: favorable, propitious
wataa yatau ( wat to bruise,
contuse ( a limb); to wrench, sprain ( a
limb); -- watia yatau ( wata,
wut) and pass. wutia to get
bruised, be wrenched, be sprained IV = I
wataa
wrench
wata contusion, bruise; sprain,
wrench
 wataba yatibu (watb, yautuqu ( watqa) to be firm,
wutb, watb, watabn) to jump, solid; to be sure, be certain ( of) II to
leap, spring, bound; to skip, hop, caper; to make firm or solid, strengthen, cement,
jump up, start; to jump up and run ( to); consolidate ( s.th.); to 1047 document,
to rush ( to), make a rush ( for); to authenticate, confirm, certify ( s.th.),
jump, dash ( at s.o.), pounce, fall ( attest ( to), notarize ( s.th.), draw up a
upon s.o.) 11 and IV to make ( s.o., notarial deed ( over); to link firmly, hind
s.th.) jump, bounce ( s.th.) III to pounce, closely ( -- s.o. to) III to enter into
fall ( upon s.th.) V to jump up, start; to an agreement, make a treaty ( with s.o.)
rush, dash ( to, at); to hop, skip, bound, ( nafsah) to make a firm
leap, jump; to approach eagerly, with resolution on, intend firmly to (do s.th.)
enthusiasm, tackle energetically ( s.th.); IV to tie, fasten ( s.th. to); to hind, tie
to pounce ( upon); to awaken, up, fetter ( s.o. with) V to he firm,
recover, rise VI to jump, leap, spring, consolidated, firmly established; to
hound, make a jump; to be fast, abort, proceed with confidence, act trustfully (
come pantingly (breathing) in s.th.) X to make sure, make certain (
of), check, verify ( s.th.); to have
wajb jump(ing), leap(ing)
( zna) pole vault(ing); confidence ( in s.o.), trust ( s.o.)
broad jump; ( lin) high jump; tiqa trust, confidence, faith, reliance
to hurdle over ... trusting ( in), relying ( on),
watba (n. vic.) pl. watabt jump, confident, certain, sure ( of);
he is certain that he ...;
leap, bound; attack; daring enterprise,
(nar) confidence in victory; or
bold undertaking; riae; awakening
self-confidence, self-reliance;
( issya) impulsive motion
trustworthy; adam at-t. distrust,
wattb given to jumping, bouncy, mistrust; ( alab) motion of no
full of bounce; fiery, hotheaded, confidence (parl.); -- tiqa pl. -t
impetuous; dashing, daring, enterprising trustworthy, reliable; trustworthy person,
muwtaba prompt assertion of a trusted agent, informant, reliable authority
claim in the presence of witnesses (Isl. or source; pl. authorities O
Law) (askar) military expert

mutawattib awakening, rising; watq, witq pl. wutuq tie,

vigorous, energetic bond, fetter, shackle, chain (also fig.)
( adda) to tie s.o. up. fetter, shackle
watura yauturu ( watra) to be s.o.
soft (bed); -- watara yatiru (watr) to
make soft, make smooth ( s.th., esp., the watqa firmness solidity, strength
bed) watq pl. witq firm, strong,
watir son, snug, cozy, comfortable solid; safe, secure, dependable, reliable
(bed, seat); smooth (cloth) watqa pl. watiq2
watr soft, snug, cozy, comfortable document, deed, writ, instruments, paper,
(bed, seat); smooth (cloth) record, voucher, certificate, receipt,
policy; diplomatic note
witr soft bed (um) the Magna Charta;
mtara pl. mawtir2, warrant of attorney (jur.)
maytir2 saddlecloth, blanket, drape autaq2, wutq firmer, stronger
watiqa yatiqu ( tiqa, wutq) to mautiq pl. mawtiq2
place ones confidence, put faith ( in)) covenant, agreement, contract, treaty, pact
rely, depend ( on), trust ( in;
that), be confident ( of; that) mtq pl. mawtiq2 covenant,
( ytaqu) trustworthy, reliable; agreement, contract, treaty, pact, alliance;
to have self-confidence; -- watuqa charter m. haiat al-
 umam al-muttaida the Charter of the be worthy ( of); to be entitled, have a
United Nations; m. adam title ( to), have a claim ( on); to deem
al-itid nonaggression pact necessary or obligatory ( s.th.)
tautq consolidation, ( ukra) an act deserving of
strengthening, cementation; thanks, a meritorious undertaking
documentation, authentication, attestation, wajba pl. wajabt meal, repast;
notarization; functions of a notary public, menu (syr.) w. a-am meal,
notariate consolidation of repast; dry rations, emergency
debts, specif., consolidation of several ration (approx.: D ration; mil.)
government loans into an overall public jb obligation, liability,
debt commitment; affirmation; confirmation,
tautiqa security, surety, guaranty assertion; consent, assent; positive
witq see watq above reaction, compliance; offer of contract,
offer (jur.) in conformity with, in
wtiq trusting, confident, certain, accordance with, according to, in
sure pursuance of; maall al-i.
mautq: trustworthy, competent authority; the
reliable, dependable; competent authorities; )( to
(madar) from a reliable source answer in the affirmative, say yes
muwattiq pl. -n notary public jb positive; affirmative; active
(defense)
watal palm-fiber rope, manila rope, hemp
rope jbya positivism

watl palm-fiber rope, manila rope, wjib necessary, requisite,

hemp rope essential, indispensable, inevitable,
unavoidable, inescapable; incumbent,
watan pl. wutun, autn graven imperative, binding, obligatory; proper,
image, idol adequate, fair; -- (pl. -t, wajib2)
watan idolater, pagan, heathen; duty, obligation; incumbency;
pagan, idolatrous requirement, exigency, necessity; task,
assignment it is your duty;
watanya paganism he considers it his duty;
wajaba yajibu ( wujb) obligatorily; dutifully, duly;
to be necessary, requisite, obligatory, deservedly; w. al-ar suitable
indispensable; to be incumbent, imposed, for presentation (petition, application);
enjoined ( on), be s.o.s ( )duty ( manzilya) homework (of a
it is his duty to ..., he is in duty student)
hound to ..., he has to , he must ...; maujb moral obligation,
as it should be, as it 1048 must be, dictate, injunction
comme il faut; -- (wajb, wajb,
wajabn) to throb, beat, palpitate (heart) II mjib obligating, necessitating,
to make s.th. ( )s.o.s ( )duty, make requiring, inducing, motivating, causing;
s.th. ( )incumbent ( on s.o.), impose, (pl. -t) cause, reason, motive; need,
enjoin ( s.th. on s.o.), obligate ( exigency, requirement, necessity; matter
s.o. to) IV to make s.th. ( )s.o.s () of decorum, formality or
duty, make s.th. ( )incumbent ( on), according to, in accordance with; on
impose, enjoin ( s.th. on s.o.), make the basis of, on account of; by virtue of,
necessary, obligatory, binding ( s.th. on the strength of; ( mujiba) there
for s.o.), obligate ( s.o., to); to decide is no reason for ..., one need not ...
positively ( s.th. in favor of s.o.), mjiba cause, reason, motive,
adjudge, adjudicate, award, grant ( deed entailing certain inevitable
s.th. to s.o.) X to deserve, merit ( s.th.), consequences
 mjab necessary, requisite,
obligatory, made binding; effect,
consequence; affirmative (gram.); positive
(also, e.g., el.)
mujaba affirmative sentence
mustaujib deserving, worthy
wajada yajidu ( wujd) to
find ( s.th.); to hit upon s.th. (), come
across s.th. (), meet with s.th. ( ;)to get,
obtain ( s.th.); to invent, make up (
s.th. as); to find (good, bad) ( s.th.); pass.
wujida ( wujd): to be found, be there,
exist; to be; yjadu there is (are); --
(wajd) to experience, feel, sense (
affections, afflictions); to suffer, be in a
state of painful agitation; to love ( s.o.),
be impassioned ( by), long ardently,
languish ( for); -- i u (wajd) to be angry (
with), have a grudge ( against) IV
to produce, evoke, provoke. engender,
bring into being, originate, cause, bring
about ( s.th.); to create, make ( s.th.); to
achieve, accomplish, effect ( s.th.); to
1049 invent ( s.th.); to let ( s.o.) find or
obtain ( s.th.), get, procure ( for s.o.,
s.th.), furnish, supply ( to s.o. s.th.); to
force, compel ( s.o. to) V to be
passionately in love ( with); to grieve (g
or for) VI to show up, turn up, come; to
exist, be existent, be there, be available; to
affect passion
wajd strong emotion, emotional
upset; passion, ardor; ecstasy of love
wijdn passionate excitement;
ecstasy; emotional life, psychic forces;
feeling, sentiment
wijdn emotional; psychic,
mental; sentimental
wujd finding, discovery; being;
existence; presence; whereabouts; stay,
visit
wujd existential; existentialist
( falsafa) existentialism wajasn) to be apprehensive, be afraid, be
maujida feeling, emotion,
passion, excitement; anger, grudge,
resentment, ill will
jd creation, procreation,
production, origination; procuring,
procurement, furnishing, supply;
calculation, computation, evaluation
wjid finding; finder; agitated,
excited, upset, worried ( about); in love
( with)
maujd found; available, on
hand, existing, existent; present; living
being, creature; stock, store, supply; pl.
-t everything in existence, the creation;
(com.) assets, stocks
mjid originator, author, creator
wajr pl. aujr cave, cavern, grotto;
den, lair, habitation
wajra, wajara pitfall
wijr pl. aujira cave (of wild
animals), den, lair, burrow
mjr pl. mawjr2 bat;
racket; earthen kneading trough
wajaza yajizu and wajuza
yaujuzu (wajz, wajza, wajz)
to be brief, succinct, terse, concise,
summary IV to be concise, terse; to be
brief, succinct ( or in); to abridge,
summarize, epitomize ( s.th.), make it
short
wajz short, brief, succinct; terse,
concise, summary, compendious
wajz short, brief, succinct; terse,
concise, summary, compendious
briefly stated, in a few words,
reduced to its essentials, in a nutshell
jz shortness, brevity,
succinctness; conciseness, terseness;
abridgment or in short,
briefly, concisely; ( ilaikah)
the matter is, briefly, as follows
mjaz summarized; concise, terse;
abstract, epitome; outline, brief sketch;
summary, rsum
wajasa yajisu (wajs,
worried, be seized with fear IV to have
presentiments, forebodings,
apprehensions; to have a presentiment (
of), fear ( s.th.), be afraid, apprehensive,
in dread ( of); to feel, sense, realize (
s.th.), be aware ( of)
(kfatan) to have a sensation of`fear;
 ( malala) to feel that s.o. is bored,
sense s.o.s boredom V = IV; to listen
anxiously, apprehensively ( to); to taste,
nibble, sip ( of s.th.)
(arran) to regard s.th. as an evil omen
wajs fear, apprehension, anxiety,
concern, uneasiness
tawajjus timorousness, timidity,
apprehensiveness
wjis disquieting thought,
foreboding, evil premonition 1050
wajia yaujau (waja) to feel pain,
be in pain; to hurt, pain ( s.o.) IV to
cause pain ( to s.o.); to pain. hurt (
s.o.) V to suffer pain, be in pain; to voice
ones pain, give vent to ones pain, to
lament; to feel grid, sorrow or pity, feel
sorry, feel compassion ( for s.o.),
commiserate ( with), pity ( s.o.)
waja pl. auj, wij a man of distinction, belong to the
pain, ache; ailment w. as-sinn
toothache; ( bi-kabidika) an
imprecation (lit.: may pain strike your
liver!)
painful; grievous, sad
tawajju pain, ache; lament
mauj feeling pain, in pain,
aching; ailing; suffering
wajafa yajifu (wajf, wujf,
to be agitated, excited, troubled, in
commotion; -- (wajf) to throb, beat
(heart) IV to agitate, excite, trouble,
disturb ( s.th.); to make ( s.th.) tremble
wajil pl. -n, wijl fearful,
apprehensive, timorous; cowardly, craven
wajama yajimu (wajm, wujm) to
be silent; to be speechless, dumfounded
(with fear, rags, and the like); to be shy; to
be despondent, dejected, depressed
wajim silent, speechless,
dumfounded; despondent, dejected,
depressed
wujm silence; anxious,
apprehensive silence; speechlessness from
indignation, speechless, indignation;
despondency; shyness; anxiety, concern,
sorrow
wjim silent, speechless,
dumfounded; despondent, dejected,
depressed
wajna pl. wajant cheek
wajuha yaujuhu ( wajha) to be
notables II to raise to eminence,
distinguish, honor ( s.o.); to turn ones
face, turn, go ( to), head ( for); to
send, dispatch ( s.o. to); to aim, level (
or s.th. at), direct, steer, guide,
channel ( or s.th. to); to turn ( s.th.,
e.g., ones face, ones attention, etc., or
to); to address ( a request, a
question, a letter, etc., to)
(tuhmatan) to rail, an accusation, bring a
charge against s.o.; ( naara)
to turn ones eyes to III to be opposite
s.th. (), be in front ( of); to face, front (
a locality or toward); to meet face to
face, encounter ( s.o.); to s