Implementing Online Examination System For Legenda Education Group

Final Year Project Report

Chime Nnanyelugo Jerry

U1341533

A thesis submitted in part fulfillment of the degree of BSc. (Hons.) in Business

Information System with the supervision of Mdm. Mamimala and moderated
Mr.Kanna

School of Computer Science and Information Technology

Linton University College
In collaboration
With University of East London
May 2016

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 DECLARATION
With great honor and honest respect, I hereby declare that this project dissertation entitled
Implementing Online examination system for Legenda Education Group submitted to Linton
University College, is a record of an original work done by me under the guidance of Mdm.
Manimala and Mr. Kannan, Linton University College , School of Computer Science and
Information Technology, and no portion of this document contains any extracted part of any other
dissertation submitted in this school or in any other school for degree project dissertation or for
any other qualification.

Signature: _________________

Name : Chime Nnanyelugo Jerry

Project Coordinator Supervisor

Signature: _________________ Signature__________________

Name: Mr. Kannan Name: Mdm. Manimala

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First and foremost, I would like to give thanks to God, for giving me the strength and health to do
this project from the beginning to the end. I also wish to thank my family for providing me with
moral support, advice, and money to buy all the materials that I used during this project. Secondly,
I wish to thank my supervisor, Mdm. Manimala for guiding me throughout this project. I had some
difficulties in doing some tasks, but she taught me patiently until I knew what to do. Lastly, I wish
to express my appreciation to my project lecturers, Mr. Kannan, Mr Velu and all friends who have
in one way or the other provided me with relevant opinion towards the completion of this project.

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 ABSTRACT
Computers are well known for their wide range of uses especially in mathematical and scientific
field but little or no thought has been given to designing a complete and thorough online
examination system on a computer system in our immediate environment and because of this it
now bring us to the need to design and implement an online examination system for Legenda
Education Group. Nowadays online examination system plays an important role in any higher
institutions across the globe because presently a lot problems are associated with manual process
of conducting examinations for students, but these problems can now be addressed by online
examination system which will utilize Information and Communication Technology (ICT) features
to enhance the way the whole examination process are been conducted and managed in the
institution. The online examination system will be of great importance to the college and as well
to the students because it will helps students to offer a quick and easy way to appear for their test.
It will also provide the results immediately after the examination with 100% accuracy and security.

The research project is aimed at assisting the examination board of Legenda Education Group to
be able to arrange, conduct and manage examinations via an online environment that is much faster
and reliable than the manual examination system. Some of the problems faced by manual
examination systems are delay in result processing, time consuming for creating question paper,
time spent to check the right and wrong answers also poses a huge problem for the institution, and
the chance of loss of records is high and record searching is also quite difficult as well. The main
goal of this project is to design and implement an online examination system which will provide
an interface for student to sit for test and as well view their results almost immediately. One of the
well- known advantage of online examination system is that it provide avenue for students to write
their exam from far distance and the result of the examination will be displayed immediately at the
end of the examination which goes a long way to lessen the fears of students that they were marked
down in the examination which is in contrast with the manual examination system.

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Table of Contents
DECLARATION ............................................................................................................................................... 2
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................................................................ 3
ABSTRACT...................................................................................................................................................... 4
LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................................................... 12
LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................................................ 14
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................................................. 15
CHAPTER 1 .................................................................................................................................................. 16
1.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 16
1.1.1 Background .................................................................................................................................... 17
The Legenda Education Group colleges consists of: ............................................................................... 18
1.2 Problem statement ........................................................................................................................... 20
1.3 Aim .................................................................................................................................................... 21
1.4 Objectives of the system are: ........................................................................................................... 21
1.5 Project Scope .................................................................................................................................... 22
1.6 Rationale ........................................................................................................................................... 22
1.7 Conclusion ......................................................................................................................................... 23
CHAPTER 2 .................................................................................................................................................. 24
LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................................................................................... 24
2.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 24
2.2 Background Study ............................................................................................................................. 25
Organizational Structure of Legenda Education Group .......................................................................... 27
Legenda Education Group Paper based Examination Process................................................................ 28
2.2.1 The Advantages of Current Examination System........................................................................... 29
2.2.2 Risks of Existing Examination System ............................................................................................ 30
2.2.3 Limitation of Existing System ......................................................................................................... 31
2.3 About Online Automated Examination System ................................................................................ 32
2.3.1 Using Online Examination System instead of Traditional Examination System ............................ 33
2.3.2 Proposed System ........................................................................................................................... 34
2.3.3 Regular systems ............................................................................................................................. 35
2.3.3.1 APMG-Exams.com....................................................................................................................... 35
2.3.3.2 Exam.cpsp.edu.pk/...................................................................................................................... 37
2.3.4 Comparison between the current and regular systems ................................................................ 37

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2.3.5 Reasons for developing Online Examination System..................................................................... 39
2.3.6 Benefits of Using Online Examination System ............................................................................... 40
2.4 About Online Examination System Concepts.................................................................................... 41
2.4.1 Advantages of an Online Examination System .............................................................................. 43
2.4.2 Ethical issues Associated with an Online Examination System...................................................... 44
2.5 Analysis and Review of Existing Systems .......................................................................................... 45
2.5.1 Case Study 1: Cambridge English Language Assessment system .................................................. 46
2.5.1.1 Strength of Cambridge English Language Assessment System................................................... 47
2.5.1.2 Weakness of Cambridge English Language Assessment System ................................................ 47
2.5.2 Case Study 2: Insurance Institute of India Exam System ............................................................... 48
2.5.2.1 Strength of Insurance Institute of India Exam System................................................................ 49
2.5.2.2 Weakness of Insurance Institute of India Exam System ............................................................. 49
2.6 Overview of Technique and Tools..................................................................................................... 53
2.6.1 Internet and Web Technology ....................................................................................................... 54
2.6.1.1 How the Internet will help the proposed Online Examination System (OES)............................. 54
2.6.1.2 Advantages of Using the Internet ............................................................................................... 55
2.6.1.2 Disadvantages of Using the Internet .......................................................................................... 55
2.6.2 System Architecture....................................................................................................................... 56
2.6.2.1 Client/Server Architecture .......................................................................................................... 56
2.6.2.2 Traditional two tier Client/Server Architecture .......................................................................... 56
2.6.2.3 Three tier Client/Server Architecture ......................................................................................... 58
2.6.2.3 Proposed architecture for the Online Examination System ....................................................... 60
2.6.3 Programming Language Technologies ........................................................................................... 61
2.6.3.1 PHP (Hypertext preprocessor) .................................................................................................... 61
2.6.3.2 ASP.net ........................................................................................................................................ 63
2.6.3.3 Java ........................................................................................................................................... 63
2.6.3.4 Comparison between PHP, ASP.net and Java Programming Languages ................................. 65
2.6.3.4 Justification of the selected programming language (PHP) to be used ...................................... 65
2.6.4 Database ........................................................................................................................................ 66
2.6.4.1 MySQL Database ......................................................................................................................... 66
2.6.4.2 Oracle Database .......................................................................................................................... 66
2.6.4.2 Comparison between MySQL and Oracle Databases ................................................................. 67
2.6.4.3 Justification of the selected Database to be used (MySQL) ....................................................... 67

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 2.6.4 Modelling Tools.............................................................................................................................. 68
2.6.4. System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) ........................................................................................ 69
2.6.4.1 System development Methodologies ......................................................................................... 70
2.6.4.2 Waterfall Development .............................................................................................................. 70
2.6.4.3 Phased Development .................................................................................................................. 71
2.6.4.3 Prototyping methodology ........................................................................................................... 72
2.6.4.4 Throwaway-Prototyping methodology ....................................................................................... 73
2.6.4.4 System Development Life Cycle Methodology Comparison/Review.......................................... 74
2.6.4.5 Justification of the selected methodology (Prototyping) ........................................................... 74
2.6.5 Fact Finding Technique .................................................................................................................. 75
2.6.5.1 Interviews.................................................................................................................................... 75
2.6.5.2 Observation................................................................................................................................. 75
2.6.5.3 Questionnaire ............................................................................................................................. 76
2.6.5.4 Joint Application Design (JAD sessions) ...................................................................................... 76
2.6.5.5 Justification of the selected fact finding technique (Questionnaire) ......................................... 77
2.7 Conclusion ......................................................................................................................................... 77
CHAPTER 3 .................................................................................................................................................. 78
METHODOLOGY .......................................................................................................................................... 78
3.0 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 78
3.1 Problem Statement ........................................................................................................................... 78
3.2 System Development Methodology Justification (Prototyping)....................................................... 80
3.2.1 Prototyping Methodology Phases to be applied to this project .................................................... 81
3.2.1.1 Planning Phase ............................................................................................................................ 81
3.2.1.2 Analysis Phase ............................................................................................................................. 82
3.2.1.3 Design Phase ............................................................................................................................... 82
3.2.1.4 System Prototype ........................................................................................................................ 83
3.2.1.5 Implementation Phase ................................................................................................................ 83
3.2.1.6 System ......................................................................................................................................... 84
3.3 Fact-Finding Method ......................................................................................................................... 84
3.3.1 Questionnaire Fact-Finding method .............................................................................................. 84
3.3.1.1 Questionnaire Questions, Motive and Expected Result ............................................................. 85
3.5 Conclusion ......................................................................................................................................... 89
CHAPTER 4 .................................................................................................................................................. 90

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ANALYSIS ..................................................................................................................................................... 90
4.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 90
4.2 Analysis Results ................................................................................................................................. 90
4.2.1 Conclusion of the Questionnaire Exercise Conducted ................................................................... 96
4.3 Requirement Analysis ....................................................................................................................... 96
4.3.1 Functional Requirements ............................................................................................................... 97
4.3.1.1 System Actors and Description ................................................................................................... 97
4.3.1.2 Roles of the actors for the proposed system .............................................................................. 97
4.3.1.2.1 Administrator ........................................................................................................................... 97
4.3.1.2.1 Student..................................................................................................................................... 98
4.3.1.2.1 Lecturer .................................................................................................................................... 98
4.3.2 Non-Functional Requirements ..................................................................................................... 100
4.3.3 Hardware and Software Requirements ....................................................................................... 102
4.3.3.1 Hardware Requirements ........................................................................................................... 102
4.3.3.2 Software Requirements ............................................................................................................ 102
4.4 Conclusion ....................................................................................................................................... 103
CHAPTER 5 ................................................................................................................................................ 105
DESIGN ...................................................................................................................................................... 105
5.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 105
5.2 Use Case Diagram ........................................................................................................................... 105
5.2.1 Use Case Diagram ........................................................................................................................ 106
5.3 Use Case Description ...................................................................................................................... 107
5.3.1 Registration Use Case Description ............................................................................................... 107
5.3.2 Take Exam Use Case Description ................................................................................................. 109
5.3.3 Set Question Paper Use Case Description ................................................................................... 111
5.3.4 View Result Use Case Description................................................................................................ 113
5.3.5 Manage User Case Description .................................................................................................... 115
5.3.6 Login Use Case Description .......................................................................................................... 117
5.3.7 Review Answer Use Case Description .......................................................................................... 119
5.3.8 Print Result Use Case Description ................................................................................................ 121
5.3.9 Manage Question Paper Use Case Description ........................................................................... 123
5.3.10 Logout Use Case Description ..................................................................................................... 125
5.3.11 Manage Module Use Case Description ...................................................................................... 127

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 5.3.12 Manage exam Use Case Description.......................................................................................... 129
5.3.13 Add Module Use Case Description............................................................................................. 131
5.4 Sequence Diagram .......................................................................................................................... 133
5.4.1 Login Sequence Diagram.............................................................................................................. 134
5.4.2 Registration Sequence Diagram ................................................................................................... 135
5.4.3 Take Exam Sequence Diagram ..................................................................................................... 136
5.4.4 Set Question Paper Sequence Diagram ....................................................................................... 137
5.4.5 View Result Sequence Diagram ................................................................................................... 138
5.4.6 Manage User Sequence Diagram ................................................................................................. 139
5.4.7 Manage Question Paper Sequence Diagram ............................................................................... 140
5.4.8 Print Result Sequence Diagram.................................................................................................... 141
5.4.9 Review Answer Sequence Diagram.............................................................................................. 142
5.4.10 Logout Sequence Diagram ......................................................................................................... 143
5.4.12 Manage Exam Sequence Diagram ............................................................................................. 144
5.4.13 Add Module Sequence Diagram ................................................................................................ 145
5.4.14 Mange Module Sequence Diagram ........................................................................................... 146
5.5 Collaboration Diagram ........................................................................................................................ 147
5.5.1 Login collaboration diagram ........................................................................................................ 147
5.5.2 Manage student collaboration diagram .......................................................................................... 148
5.6 Class Diagram .................................................................................................................................. 149
5.6.1 Class Diagram ............................................................................................................................... 150
5.7 Statechart diagram.............................................................................................................................. 151
5.7.1 Add user statechart diagram ....................................................................................................... 151
5.7.1 View result statechart diagram ........................................................................................................ 152
5.7.3 Question paper statechart diagram ................................................................................................. 153
5.7.4 Add module statechart diagram ...................................................................................................... 154
5.8 Activity diagram .................................................................................................................................. 155
5.8.1 Register activity diagram ................................................................................................................. 155
5.8.2 Set exam activity diagram ................................................................................................................ 156
5.8.3 Take exam activity diagram ............................................................................................................. 157
5.8.4 View Result activity diagram ............................................................................................................ 158
5.8.5 Manage module activity diagram .................................................................................................... 159
5.9 Story Board ..................................................................................................................................... 160

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 5.9.1 Homepage .................................................................................................................................... 160
5.9.2 Set Question Paper Page.............................................................................................................. 161
5.9.3 Student Page ................................................................................................................................ 162
5.9.4 Manage Student/Lecturer page ................................................................................................... 163
5.9.5 View Result Page .......................................................................................................................... 164
5.9.6 Take Exam Page ........................................................................................................................... 165
5.10 Deployment diagram ........................................................................................................................ 166
5.11 Entity Relationship diagram (Er diagram) ..................................................................................... 167
5.12 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................................... 168
Chapter 6................................................................................................................................................... 169
System Implementation ............................................................................................................................ 169
6.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 169
6.2 Development Environment ............................................................................................................. 169
6.2.1 Hardware Development Environment ......................................................................................... 169
6.2.2 Software Development Environment .............................................................................................. 170
6.3 System Implementation ...................................................................................................................... 171
6.3.1 Three-tier Architecture ................................................................................................................ 171
6.4 Implementation of Graphical User Interface (GUI) ad Coding............................................................ 172
6.4.1 Login Page (GUI and Code) .......................................................................................................... 173
6.4.2 Registration Page (GUI and Code)................................................................................................ 174
6.4.3 Check Result Page (GUI and Code)............................................................................................... 175
6.4.4 Prepare question Page (GUI and Code) ....................................................................................... 176
6.4.5 Manage Student Page (GUI and Code) ........................................................................................ 177
6.5 Database Implementation .................................................................................................................. 178
6.5.1 Table structure ............................................................................................................................. 179
6.5.1.1 Adminlogin Table structure ...................................................................................................... 179
6.5.1.2 Student Table structure ............................................................................................................ 180
6.5.1.3 Lecturer Table structure ........................................................................................................... 180
6.5.1.4 Question Table structure .......................................................................................................... 180
6.5.1.5 Studentquestion Table structure .............................................................................................. 181
6.5.1.5 Subject Table structure ............................................................................................................. 181
6.5.1.6 Studenttest ............................................................................................................................... 181
6.6 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................................... 182

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CHAPTER 7 ................................................................................................................................................ 183
TESTING ..................................................................................................................................................... 183
7.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 183
7.2 Testing Plan ......................................................................................................................................... 183
7.3 Blackbox Testing ................................................................................................................................. 183
7.4 Whitebox Testing ................................................................................................................................ 194
7.5 User Acceptance Testing ..................................................................................................................... 201
7.6 Unit Testing ......................................................................................................................................... 202
7.7 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................................... 202
CHAPTER 8 ................................................................................................................................................ 204
CONCLUSION............................................................................................................................................. 204
8.0 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 204
8.1 Summary of the chapters.................................................................................................................... 204
8.1.1 Chapter 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................ 204
8.1.2 Chapter 2 Literature Review ........................................................................................................ 204
8.1.3 Chapter 3 Methodology ............................................................................................................... 204
8.1.4 Chapter 5 Analysis........................................................................................................................ 205
8.1.5 Chapter 5 Design .......................................................................................................................... 205
8.1.6 Chapter 6 Implementation........................................................................................................... 205
8.1.7 Chapter 7 Testing ......................................................................................................................... 205
8.1.8 Chapter 8 Conclusion ................................................................................................................... 205
8.2 Finding and result ............................................................................................................................... 206
8.3 Lesson learnt ....................................................................................................................................... 206
8.4 Problem encountered ......................................................................................................................... 206
8.5 Future enhancements ......................................................................................................................... 207
Bibliography .............................................................................................................................................. 208
Websites ................................................................................................................................................... 209
APPENDIX A Personal Development Plan (PDP) ....................................................................................... 210
A: 1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 210
A1.1 Personal Information .................................................................................................................... 211
A1.2 Academic Records......................................................................................................................... 211
A: 1.3 Hardware and Software Requirement for the Project ............................................................... 212
Table A1.4 Software requirements, specifications, availability and solutions ..................................... 213

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 A1.5 Personal Evaluation using SWOT Analysis .................................................................................... 213
A1.6 The Current Technical and Software skills.................................................................................... 216
A1.6 Current Soft Skills.......................................................................................................................... 219
A1.8 Short Term and Long Term Goals ................................................................................................. 221
A1.8.1 Short Term Goals ....................................................................................................................... 221
A1.8.2 Long Term Goals ........................................................................................................................ 221
A1.9 Conclusion .................................................................................................................................... 222
Appendix B Final Year Project Proposal ................................................................................................ 223
Aim ........................................................................................................................................................ 223
Objectives ............................................................................................................................................. 223
Project Scope ........................................................................................................................................ 223
Problem statement ............................................................................................................................... 224
Appendix C Project Gantt chart ................................................................................................................ 225
Appendix E Questionnaire Sample............................................................................................................ 227
Appendix G User Acceptance .................................................................................................................... 231
Appendix H Log Sheets.............................................................................................................................. 233
Appendix I Turnit in................................................................................................................................... 233

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1:2 Current classic exam process flow for the university ................................................................ 26
Figure 2:1 Semi computerized exam marks system for the university ....................................................... 26
Figure 3:2 Organizational structure of legenda education group............................................................... 27
Figure 4:3 Four stages in legenda paper based exam system .................................................................... 28
Figure 5:3 print screen of regular system ................................................................................................... 36
Figure 6:5 print screen of regular system ................................................................................................... 37
Figure 7:6 Cambridge English Language Assessment ................................................................................. 46
Figure 8:7 Insurance Institute of India ........................................................................................................ 48
Figure 9:8 Insurance Institute of India online exam schedule for the year 2015 London Apartment ....... 49
Figure 10:9 How the internet works ........................................................................................................... 54
Figure 11:10 two tier architecture .............................................................................................................. 57
Figure 12:11 Three tier architecture ........................................................................................................... 59
Figure 13:12 Proposed Architecture ........................................................................................................... 60

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Figure 14:13 systems development life cycle (SDLC) .................................................................................. 70
Figure 15:14 Waterfall development model............................................................................................... 71
Figure 16:15 phased based methodology................................................................................................... 72
Figure 17:16 prototyping based methodology ........................................................................................... 73
Figure 18:17 throwaway prototyping based methodology ........................................................................ 73
Figure 19: 1Ishikawa diagram ..................................................................................................................... 79
Figure 25:0 Respondents Age ..................................................................................................................... 91
Figure 26:1 online exam and paper-based systems ................................................................................... 91
Figure 27:2 Online exam system performance ........................................................................................... 92
Figure 28:3 online examination system secured or not ............................................................................. 93
Figure 29:4 any experience taking online exam ......................................................................................... 93
Figure 30:5 Grading criteria ........................................................................................................................ 94
Figure 31:6 Daily use of internet ................................................................................................................. 94
Figure 32:7 Exam Results ............................................................................................................................ 95
Figure 33:8 Online exam system a good idea ............................................................................................. 95
Figure 34:9 the navigation display style ..................................................................................................... 96
Figure 35:1 Use case diagram ................................................................................................................... 106
Figure 36:2 Login sequence diagram ........................................................................................................ 134
Figure 37:3 Registration sequence diagram ............................................................................................. 135
Figure 38:4 Take exam sequence diagram................................................................................................ 136
Figure 39:5 Set Question Paper Sequence Diagram ................................................................................. 137
Figure 40:6 View Result sequence diagram .............................................................................................. 138
Figure 41:7 Manage user sequence diagram ............................................................................................ 139
Figure 42:8 Manage Question paper sequence diagram .......................................................................... 140
Figure 43:9 print result sequence diagram ............................................................................................... 141
Figure 44:10 Review answer sequence diagram ...................................................................................... 142
Figure 45:11 Logout sequence diagram .................................................................................................... 143
Figure 45:12 Manage class sequence diagram ......................................................................................... 144
Figure 48:14 Add module sequence diagram ........................................................................................... 145
Figure 49:15 Manage module sequence diagram .................................................................................... 146
Figure 50:16 Login collaboration diagram ................................................................................................ 147
Figure 51:17 Manage student collaboration diagram .............................................................................. 148
Figure 52:18 Class diagram (designed by the author) .............................................................................. 150
Figure 53:19 add user statechart diagram ................................................................................................ 151
Figure 54:20 view result statechart diagram ............................................................................................ 152
Figure 55:21 question paper statechart diagram ..................................................................................... 153
Figure 56:22 add module statechart diagram .......................................................................................... 154
Figure 57:23 register activity diagram ...................................................................................................... 155
Figure 58:24 set exam activity diagram .................................................................................................... 156
Figure 59:24 take exam activity diagram .................................................................................................. 157
Figure 60:25 view result activity diagram ................................................................................................. 158
Figure 61:26 manage module activity diagram ........................................................................................ 159
Figure 62:27 Homepage ............................................................................................................................ 160
Figure 63:28 Set question paper page ...................................................................................................... 161

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Figure 64:29 Student page ........................................................................................................................ 162
Figure 65:30 Manage student/lecturer page ............................................................................................ 163
Figure 66:31 View result page .................................................................................................................. 164
Figure 67:32 Take exam page ................................................................................................................... 165
Figure 68:33 Legenda Online exam system deployment diagram............................................................ 166
Figure 69:34 Entity relationship diagram.................................................................................................. 167
Figure 6:1 three tier architecture ............................................................................................................. 171
Figure 6:2 proposed architecture ............................................................................................................. 172
Figure 6:3 Login GUI and code .................................................................................................................. 173
Figure 6:4 Registration GUI and code ....................................................................................................... 174
Figure 6:5 check result GUI and code ....................................................................................................... 175
Figure 6:6 prepare questions GUI and code ............................................................................................. 176
Figure 6:7 manage student GUI and code ................................................................................................ 177
Figure 6:8 database implementation ........................................................................................................ 178
Figure 6:9 database connection................................................................................................................ 179
Figure 6:10 adminlogin table structure .................................................................................................... 179
Figure 6:11 student table structure .......................................................................................................... 180
Figure 6:12 lecturer table structure .......................................................................................................... 180
Figure 6:13 question table structure ........................................................................................................ 180
Figure 6:14 studentquestion table structure ............................................................................................ 181
Figure 6:15 subject table structure ........................................................................................................... 181
Figure 6:16 studnttest table structure ...................................................................................................... 181
Figure 7:1 11 Bar Chart displaying user evaluation criteria and overall average rating scale .................. 202

LIST OF TABLES
Table 1:0 Comparison between the current and regular systems ............................................................. 38
Table 2:1 Evaluation of comparison (by the author) .................................................................................. 45
Table 3:2 comparison of existing system and the proposed system .......................................................... 50
Table 4:2 comparison of existing of existing system and the proposed system ........................................ 53
Table 5:3 Advantages of using the internet (by author) ............................................................................. 55
Table 6:4 disadvantages of using the internet (by internet) ...................................................................... 55
Table 7:5 Advantages and disadvantages of traditional two tier architecture .......................................... 57
Table 8:6 Advantages and disadvantages of three tier architecture .......................................................... 59
Table 9:7 Advantages and disadvantages of PHP ....................................................................................... 62
Table 10:8 Advantages and disadvantages of ASP.net ............................................................................... 63
Table 11:9 Advantages and disadvantages of Java ..................................................................................... 64
Table 12:10 Comparison between the discussed programming languages ............................................... 65

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Table 13:11 Comparison between the discussed database ....................................................................... 67
Table 14:12 SDLC methodology comparison .............................................................................................. 74
Table 15:13 Comparison of Fact Finding Techniques ................................................................................. 77
Table 16:0 functional requirements ........................................................................................................... 98
Table 17:1 non-functional requirements .................................................................................................. 100
Table 18:2 hardware requirements .......................................................................................................... 102
Table 19:3 software requirements ........................................................................................................... 103
Table 20:1 Registration use case description ........................................................................................... 107
Table 21:2.5 Take exam use case description ........................................................................................... 109
Table 22:3 Set question paper use case description ................................................................................ 111
Table 23:4 View result use case description ............................................................................................. 113
Table 24:5 Manage user use case description .......................................................................................... 115
Table 25:6 Login use case description ...................................................................................................... 117
Table 26:7 Review answer use case description....................................................................................... 119
Table 27:8 Print result use case description ............................................................................................. 121
Table 28:9 Manage question paper use case description ........................................................................ 123
Table 29:10 Logout use case description .................................................................................................. 125
Table 30:1 Manage Module use case description .................................................................................... 127
Table 30:2 Manage exam use case description ........................................................................................ 129
Table 30:3 Add module use case description ........................................................................................... 131
Table 6:1 software development environment ........................................................................................ 170
Table 7:1 black box testing of online exam system description ............................................................... 184
Table 7:2 functionality testing .................................................................................................................. 187
Table 7:3 white box testing ....................................................................................................................... 194
Table 7:4 Table displaying the rating scale of legenda online examination system ................................. 201
Table 7:5 displaying the user evaluation result ........................................................................................ 201

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
Abbreviations Meaning

1. MC Multiple Choice
2. CSPS College of physician and surgeons Pakistan
3. LAN Local area network
4. WAN Wide area network
5. DBMS Database management system
6. PHP Personal Home Page
7. ASP Active sever page

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 8. RDBMS Relational database management system
9. UML Unified modelling language
10. SDLC System development life cycle
11. JAD Join application design
12. GUI Graphical user interface
13. PDP Personal development plan
14. SWOT Strength, weakness, opportunities and Threats
15. HTML Hypertext Markup Language
16. SQL Structured Query Language
17. URL Uniform Resource Locator
18. LCOES Legenda College Online Examination System

CHAPTER 1
1.1 Introduction
Online examination system is seen as online test simulator to take test online, the test are been
carried out in an efficient manner because there will be no wasting of time for manually checking
of the test paper. The online examinations can sometimes referred as e-examinations. The e-
examination are always conducted through the internet or in an intranet for a remote candidates.
The online examination system as its stand forms the main lifeline of many educational institutes
to the functioning of the examination (Programmer2, 2014).

Nowadays many higher institutions are implementing web sites providing functionality for
conducting their examinations over the web. It will be reasonable to say that the whole process of
conducting examination on the web is becoming commonplace recently. Most of the examinations

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conducted via online issue results as the candidate finish the examination immediately. These
examinations are carried out as open-book type examinations. The candidate is given a limited
time to answer the questions and after the time expiry, the answer paper is disabled automatically
and answers is now sent to the examiner.

The examiner will check answers, either by automated process or manually and the results will be
sent to the candidate through their email or it could be made available in the web site for them to
see their scores. It is always crucial for educational institute to handle the examinations and their
results. It is very useful for an institute to test its students continuously for their mutual and
academic development.

The online examination is mainly helpful for conducting Multiple Choice examination (MC)
which are usually conducted regularly as well as for surprise tests and provides immediate results
saving the precious time of faculties to check the papers and prepare mark sheets. On this online
examination system for Legenda Education Group, there will be multiple choice questions and
appropriate number of options. However, there are no limitation on number of options and it will
not be randomized so same set of question will appear to all student so that it can prevent any kind
of malpractice.

The online examination will as well help offer to the students quick and easy way to appear for
their test. It will also provide the results immediately after the examination with 100% accuracy
and security. The student can only be permit to enter to perform exam only when they have their
valid username and password. The students can be able to write the exam from far distance and
which can provide security and simplicity, and other beneficial features to the user.

1.1.1 Background
Legenda education group is one of the fastest growing educational group and of the largest private
higher institutions in Malaysia. The educational group begin its operation with the establishment
of Kolej Legenda. With the passage of time, there more colleges that later join the group. From its
humble beginnings, the group has now gain recognition as one of the most dynamic group of
colleges not only in Malaysia but also in the Asia-pacific region at large.

Currently, the educational group offers course in Information Technology, Business, Nursing,
Engineering among other well-known courses at Foundation, Diploma, Degree and Master levels.

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Presently, there are five colleges listed under the group, and three of which have been established
for nearly 20 years, while the other colleges have histories of 23 years and 6 years respectively.

The Legenda Education Group colleges consists of:

1. Institut Jati (Jati institute)
2. Institute Tecknologi Pertama ( Pertama Institute of Technology)
3. Kolej Universiti Linton ( Linton University College)
4. Kolej Legenda ( Legenda College)
5. Institute Sains Perubatan Mantin ( Institute of Medical Science)

In addition, the Legenda Education Group do develops students by providing an environment for
growth, personal, knowledge, opportunity and career pathway. And this is in accordance with the
nations aspiration, which is to establish a generation of professionals catering for the knowledge
based economy to meet the global needs (Legendagroup.edu.my, 2015). There has been a critical
tussle among the examination board and students of Legenda Education Group specifically in the
current way examinations are arrange, conducted and managed between the lecturers and the
students.

Presently, the whole process of examinations in the institution are been carried out using the
manual means where students need to come to the exam hall before they could be allowed to sit
for their exams with the condition that they have their school ID card. This manual examination
system usually starts with setting of question paper by the lecturers, preparing the marking scheme
and finally conducting of the examination for the students. This manual process do consume a lot
of time because of the formidable task the lecturer faces in reading, evaluating and marking the
answer sheet of the students after the examination. Also, many of students in the recent times have
miss their examination for not coming early to the exam hall before the commencement of the
examination and they have always lay the blame on traffic jam they usually faces on the road when
rushing to the exam hall from their home. So owing to these issues stated above there should be
way to solve this problems using automated means.

So, the modern computerized online examination system seeks to provide an automated system
with the aim to overcome the drawbacks of paper work. The online examination system will help
promote the awareness in an easier way of writing exam without the fear of missing exams which
are usually takes place during the manual operation.

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With the presence of the online examination system, the students will now need not to travel for
long distances so as to sit for examinations since they can now be able to write the examination
even from the comfort of their home or cybercaf. The automated system will help to enable
student to take exam online in an efficient manner and no time wasting for checking their paper.

The main vision behind having online examination system for Legenda Education Group is to
efficiently evaluate the candidate thoroughly through a fully automated system that not only will
save a lot of time but will also give fast results. This online system will help provide student with
a new experience as the world is gradually becoming a global village. So we are hopeful that if
this theoretical concept is fully utilized, we will surely overcome the numerous burdens associated
with the manual examination system of conducting and managing of any examinations for the
students.

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1.2 Problem statement
Legenda Education Group is a fast growing educational group and of the largest private higher
institutions in Malaysia. It have about five thousand students currently studying at the
institution and at every academic session or semester these students need to sit either for their
mid-term exam or their final examination. A thorough research has been carried out on the
existing system by analyzing and reviewing the problems as the system does not meet the needs
of the student in the current way examinations are been arrange and conducted for the student
because many of past examination that was conducted for the students were usually done using
the traditional means.

The main problem with the current system is manual entry of up keeping of the details of the
student who are registered already. It is very difficult for each student to come to the exam
center because of their different geographical locations. It is also very difficult to the student
from far distance to reach the exam center.

The current system of Legenda Education Group is very ancient and need to be replaced as the
number of students of the college is expanding tremendously. Another problem with the current
system is lacking of online examination system, because each time a student need to call in
his/her school office to check the examination timetable, results and student can physical
present at the classes.

The current system is requires to prepare registration form, question paper for the students and
required to print a lot of number manually which have attributed to a lot time spent. In the
current system, to calculate how many students registered, and verification of details of these
students in a month by hand is very difficult.

This requires a lot of time and wastage of money as it requires quite lot of man power to do
that. Another problem with the current system is that there are high possibility of human error
when registering and marking the student paper. Also the current system is not all personalized.
So as such it cannot be used for personal and quick reference. Even the other staff members
can make quick entries if the responsible person is not present.

The current system are also affected by malpractice ,which means directly modifying of already
written exam papers of students by internal staff or lecturer to give such student high score that
he/she do not merit. Another problem with the current system is that only limited number of
student can be able to sit for exam at a time because at times there are not enough space in the
exam hall to contain all the registered student that have to sit for the exam.

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Usually students are not free on the exam day because they have to be in exam hall by time
which at the end of the day they end up not being able to write the exam because of time for
the exam has passed. However, the new system is been developed to help eradicate these
problems identified and help bring changes in the way exams are been arrange and conducted
in the college.

The new system will have many advantages over the traditional system. Students from different
parts of the world can now register very easily and it will now be more personalized. With the
new system in place, there will be no manual intervention in whole process of the examination
in the institution. Some of the main problem of the current system identified are as follows

Time consuming for creating question paper

Time to check right and wrong answers
Calculation of marks
Human error
Limitation of student to sit for examination at a time
Require teacher to monitor exam center
Student needs to come exam center for giving test

1.3 Aim
To develop and implement an online automated examination system for Legenda Education
Group that would make conducting and evaluating of examination in the college not only
massive but also simple, cost effective and much faster.

1.4 Objectives of the system are:

To analyze the problem/issues associated with the current system.
To investigate the most appropriate tool for the development of the Legenda online
examination system.
To identify and utilize a suitable methodology for this system.
To design interfaces of the Legenda online examination system based on the
requirements.
To design and implement suitable database system for the management of the exam
papers of the students.
To test the system to see if it meets the user needs.

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 To evaluate the tools, techniques, methods and requirements used to design and
implement the system for Legenda online examination system.

1.5 Project Scope

This projects scope is to design and implement an online examination system for Legenda
Education Group that will assist the examination board in conducting and managing the whole
examination process that has to deal with the student of the college. During the examination
period, the board will use the system to conduct and manage the whole process of examination.
The system can be used anywhere any time as it is a web application (so user location doesnt
matter). And there will be no restriction that examiner has to be present when the student takes
the exam. The users that will make use of the system will be the students and staff of the
institution.

The system will handles all the examination operation, and generate results for the students to
view as soon as the exam is completed, that includes exam name, score and time spent to solve
the exam which saves the precious time faculties spent on reviewing answer sheet of students.
The existing system is weak when it comes to surprise test whereas this new system can make
it possible very easily. The system will contain only multiple choice questions and appropriate
number of options made available for the student to choose from. There will be no limitation
on number of options, and more than one option can be correct but the student can only choose
one option from the list of options provided.

Every information submitted by student during registration will be kept confidential and no
one will be able to access it expect the authorized person. The interfaces of the system are user
friendly and easy to be use by any student whether such person is computer literate or not. The
administrator has the supreme power to add subject, delete student, set exam paper, add student
etc. Presently, unregistered users cannot be able to attend the online examination, but in future
scope there will be option for this too. The registered student wont be able to register twice
for the need to avoid examination malpractice.

1.6 Rationale
The current system that is used in many higher institutions across the globe is the physical
presence of the student before they can be allowed to sit for any exam. Where after exam, the
answer sheet are being collected by examiner to be mark with hand by the lecturer. These
manual process have resulted to so many human error and so much time being spent on the
examination process. The proposed system will help to make it possible for exam to be

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conducted for remote candidates and they can be able to view their result immediately after the
exam is completed.

So the students will no longer need to come to the exam center before they can be able to take
their exams. The system will make examination now much faster and reliable than the manual
system. It will assist to prevent the recurrence of difficulties experience by the lecturer during
the whole process of marking the student answer sheets. With the proposed system, there will
be no need for the examiner to be present when the student takes the exam since all the whole
process is now automated.

The system will be able to check for the wrong and correct answers and tally it with the exact
one, it will also help to avoid human error usually encountered during marking the answers
sheet by pen, and help reduce the labor intensive work that being associated with that process.
Finally, the system will offer a rich user friendly interface to students, directly improving
accessibility and security for the whole conduct of school examinations.

1.7 Conclusion
This chapter highlight what the new developed system will do. The project objectives and aims
were properly given in full details in order to meet the standard set aside for the actualization
of the system to be. The author has vividly given specific details of the problems of the system
to be, and the means to improve the functions of the system to be, all these was highlighted in
the project scope. In addition, the scope of the project was properly emphasize on this chapter,
and the author also exploit on the research made and the measures taking in developing the
system functions.

The author also capitalized strongly on the need to have online examination system that would
help made the whole process of examination much reliable and faster in Legenda Education
Group. The system will help make it possible for candidates from remote location to be able to
sit for exam from the comfort of their home. The author also tries to present and justify the
advantages the present system will have over the manual system. Finally, the chapter also tells
us the benefit of the system as there will be no need for the examiner to be present when the
student takes the exam since all the whole process will now be automated. The only major
limitation of this system to be is that it will only support multiple choice questions and as such
there will be no theory test.

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 CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction
This chapter is regarded as one of the most crucial chapters in any research project due to the
fact that gives a literature review of the whole aspect concerning the project. Before starting to
solve a problem, it is ideal to have a clear picture on the origin of the problem. The chapter
extends to the discussion of aims and the concept behind the implementation of the proposed
system. It as well elaborates more on the current system for conducting of examinations for the
students of Legenda Education Group. This chapter also gives an overview of the system, tools
and techniques and a review and comparison of other regular system which is different from
online examination system. Having known the above mentioned, it is well ideal to understand
how the proposed system is going to aid the examination board of Legenda Education Group
for conducting of examinations for the students of the college online without much spending
much effort, time and resources.

The whole examination process in Legenda Education Group follows a manual and paper based
when conducting an examination for the student of the college. Paper are used when registering
the students for an examination and as well when writing the exams by the students. After the
exam is over, the invigilator collects the students answer sheet and pass it to the lecturer who
then marks the answer sheets of the students according to the marking scheme that has been
set regarding the already taken exam.

An examination system includes how the whole exam process are structured, how the students
write their exams and how the marks are allocated to a student according to the questions he/her
answers correctly. Examination plays an important aspect in the student life. An examination
is important because it help compel students to learn more. Without examination most students
would not be eager to learn. The ability to pass an examination is indeed a valuable quality to
the students. An examination helps to determine the overall performance of the students
individually.

The University Of Oxford (UK) defines an examination as a test scheduled within an official
examination period which then serves as the final evaluation of student performance in a
course. Different colleges across the globe have their own different timetables for conducting
examination for the students. The examination system at times do specify how exams are
distributed and conducted among different students within a college, and how the marking

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scheme are been prepared in order to ensure that the students marks will then be allocated
properly. Further, because of examinations, lecturers have to confine themselves to the school
syllabuses which are aimed at imparting knowledge in a systematic manner, and thus
developing mental discipline to the students. Examinations are therefore an important part of
an academic studies in a higher institution.

2.2 Background Study

The current system used by Legenda Education Group is the manual examination system.
This type of manual system is a peculiar type of jobs involving different types of data processed
and managed by different branches within the examination wing of the university. It involves
the means of storing the records of students and their exam paper and result manually. The
complexity of the manual exam system increases the number of processes involved when
conducting the examination for the students of the university. Student who wants to register
for an examination or to collect examination docket must queue up and wait for responsible
staff that will respond to each and every student (KV, 2014).

However, the manual process of marking and checking student results is time consuming and
its involves a lot of work to be done because all the answer sheet of every student has to be
marked by pen and then save in the examination cabinet. And right from the initial stage of
students enrolment to the final stage of the declaration of result, numerous jobs are required
to be done with proper and sophistication effort. The manual exam system is an exam process
where marks are entered on paper forms which are then been distributed to each teacher in
particular class. Some teacher would transfer these marks into a large master mark sheet. All
the master mark sheets of each class are then bound in one huger master examination book.
The current exam process flow of the university looks like:

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 Figure 1:2 Current classic exam process flow for the university

Due to the nature of the existing system, some teachers would enter marks in individual
electronic spreadsheets to help in the whole process, while others would use database programs
such as Microsoft Excel to enter the marks in their home computers. So because of this
scenario, they use different file formats and different file structures which do make of different
types of programs. So because of the manual process, it makes it extremely difficult to combine
all the data in the numerous files to form a master examination marks database.

Figure 2:1 Semi computerized exam marks system for the university

In any typical university, in order to understand examination system, it is crucial to understand

the organization structure of the university and sources of data. The current exam system of the
university is very ancient because it makes use of manual process. One of the biggest
disadvantages of the current system is lacking of online exam system because each time a
student need to call in office to check the examination timetable and their result. So these
creates a lot workload for the students as well as to the staff of the institution.

All the existing system of the university is traditional and lack the use of technology, so that
makes the process of examination in the college very time consuming and lengthy as paper

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work is all that is involved. This manual system was creating problem in maintaining data
records at the end such as student details, question papers, results, marking scheme etc. The
whole examination process in Legenda Education Group follows face to face and paper based
method when conducting any examination for students.

Organizational Structure of Legenda Education Group

Figure 3:2 Organizational structure of legenda education group

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The paper based examination system in this college consists of four stages, and each of these
components represents a challenge in the institution.

Legenda Education Group Paper based Examination Process

Registration Examination Process Marks Reporting

List of students Set Questions Recording of Mark sheets

in each class text marks
Prepare marking Results Slips
Subject scheme. Process Results
combinations Analysis
Execute
Examination Awards

1 2 3 4

Figure 4:3 Four stages in legenda paper based exam system

The first stage in the Legenda Education Group paper based system is the registration of
students for an examination. In any education institution system, the registration involves
obtaining collecting relevant particulars of each student, and entering the data in a form of
register. However, the Legenda college is using of computerized system for entering of student
data that have to sit for examination.

The second stage involves organizing the examination process and this includes setting the
questions paper, preparing the marking scheme, students setting for the examination, marking
the examination scripts by pen, issuing the examination results.

The third stage is the recording of marks in marks sheets, processing the results, including
calculating grades, average and class positioning.

The final stage of the exam process is the presentation of the results. This usually take the form
of displaying the results on the college student portal, printing out the results as mark sheets,
generating result slips, analyzing the results for overall performance. It also includes selection
of students for various incentives such as prize giving. All these manual exam processes places
a huge setback for the conducting of examination in the institution.

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However, the Online Examination System will perfectly provide automated means for the
management of the whole examination process where the student can now be able to sit for
their examination no matter their geographical location and view their result immediately after
exam time is been exhausted. In the new online examination system, there will an automatic
question number generation, provision of select options for choosing subjects, provision
options of search, update and delete questions in one page that will help make the exam process
much faster and simple. The Online Examination System will also provide a reliable database
system in order for the whole examination process details as well as the students to be properly
managed.

2.2.1 The Advantages of Current Examination System

Though the existing exam system have numerous disadvantages but at the same time is has
good advantage over the online exam system. One of the advantages of existing exam system
is that the system support both multiple choice and theory questions unlike the online exam
system that support only multiple choice questions. Another noticeable advantage of manual
exam system is that the system also support image and diagrams to be used in the exam question
paper which makes it possible for certain questions to be asked that may need images or
diagrams, and this kind of support is in contrast to the online exam system. More also, existing
exam system helps to identify student by his/her signature. The signature in file based system
is one of the important security feature that is used to identify and verify a particular student.
The existing system help to reduce exam impersonation by the student because every student
needs to come to exam center with their own valid identification card (ID) before they will be
allowed to enter the exam hall to give test, unlike the online exam system where no invigilator
is available to monitor or verify student before he/her is allow to sit for exam. In existing exam
system, there is always room for a student to explain he/her or get partial credit from the
teacher. For example, in a calculus exam on paper, a teacher can see how a student work out
some simultaneous equation. The teacher can identity where a student went wrong to come up
with the wrong answer. So in this case, the teacher can give such student partial credit based
where it got it right last.

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2.2.2 Risks of Existing Examination System
Despite the advantages of the existing system there are also some risks that are associated with
it that do make whole process of examination in the institution less secured and inefficient.
Some of the major risks of the existing are as follows:

Damage or Loss of data: this is one of the major risk that associate with the use of the
existing system. Sometimes damage to data, can affects virtually all the whole
examination processes.
Data duplication: The same student data gets repeated over and over since the staff
find it hard to keep track of the student and exam details.
Lack of security: Since the student and exam data/information is stored in filling
cabinets it is freely available to anyone. So if information falls into the wrong hands it
can be used to favor some students that do not perform very well in their exam and
sometimes it can be used against the institution to blackmail them.
Inconsistency of data: There will be an unavailability for future use, since student data
might get misplaced during manual filling, so data wont be preserved for future use.
Slow retrieval of data: The information of students and details are stored in different
places and so it takes a long time to retrieve the data. It takes a long time to find the
information about a relevant student.
Repetition of work: This is another crucial risk of the existing system. If there are any
changes to be made, the data will have to be entered again. At time the staff would
forget to make the changes or forget that they have already altered it and might redo it
again, its then time consuming.
Common errors: When entering data, staff might have accidentally switched details
and data since it is hand written.

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2.2.3 Limitation of Existing System
The author have study Legenda Education Group and find existing system is manual entry of
up keeping of the details of the student how are registered already. Though the manual
examination system is organized in a well-defined physical centers, still the movement of paper
based records is slow. The examination process in manual system continues for weeks or
probably months causing both physical and mental strains over the examinees.

It is very difficult for each student to come to the exam center on when due, and the publication
of results also takes a very long time owing to which students remain idle for months. In the
existing system to calculate how many students registered, and verification of details of these
students in a month or thereabout by hand is very difficult. This requires a lot time and wastage
of money as it requires quite lot of manpower to do that. At time, the delay in declaration of
result cause heavy losses to the students as generally they cannot be allowed to join further
studies or appear in a competitive exams because of the non- availability of examination result
in time. Some of the limitations of the existing system, though not comprehensive are as
follows:

The existing system leads to errors, more time consumption, inefficient and wastage of
valuable resources. Moreover, ever increasing paper based record registers are every
difficult to store securely due to unlimited space and managing and keeping records of
students are all done manually.
Students have to either go through the help of portal mail or visit the university even
for minor queries regarding their examinations. Sometimes due to the increased paper
load in the examination board room, their correspondences are not all time traceable.
The personal visit by the students to the university wastes a students precious time and
money and at times could cause unnecessary harassment.
In the existing examination system, there is always a possibility of tempering of
students records by the examinee. Sometimes fake degrees are prepared for the students
and there is no online verification of the same to check the authenticity of the degree,
and this leads to unfair practices and it can as well damage the credibility of the
institution.
There is always a repetition of work in the existing system because the same data could
be recorded more than once. This leads to data duplications as well as a lot of money is
being spent by the university to purchase papers. Also the managing of students

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 records is very tedious. Retrieval of students records via manual registers, maintaining
of records and data are very time consuming.
No student are being allowed to sit unless they are present at the exam hall. So student
have to reach at the center to appear for their exam. Sometimes due to other problems
they may not reach at the stipulated time and they could in return miss the exam because
the time of their examination may have passed.
In the existing examination system, there are always a limitation for the number of
student that can sit for examination at a time, and there is also a need for an invigilator
to be present at the day of the exam in order to monitor the exam center when students
starts writing their exam.
Another limitation of the existing system is that it is not all personalized. So it cannot
be used for personal and quick reference because even other staff members can make
quick entries if the person that supposed to be in charge is not present.
It does not allow the appearing candidates to choose their subjects as per choice and
check the results.

2.3 About Online Automated Examination System

In the modern age, information technological advancement has minimized the world. The
advancement of technology gave lots for all organization using it. However colleges is one of
the organizations that needs this advancement, because in this organization many aspect as has
to be taken care of with the help of computers. Several researches have been directed towards
the development of a fast an efficient way of writing exams without any form of laxity. Some
of the research carried out and the views of many writers concerning the development of an
online examination system.

Online examination system is a web based application that is mainly used to take online
examination, exam in an efficient manner and no time wasting for checking of the exam paper.
This online examination system is being launched because of a need for a destination that is
beneficial for both to the institutes and students (Programmer2, 2015). With this system,
colleges can register and host online exams. Students can sit and view their results almost at
the same time. This online exam system is an attempt to remove the existing flaws in the manual
system of conducting exam.

Online examinations are conducted via the internet or an intranet (if within the organization)
to test a remote candidate. All function such as registration, log in and writing of the

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examination will be accessed from the internet. Only registered users will be able to sit for an
exam in this system. The candidate is given a limited time to answer the question and after the
time expiry the answer paper is disable automatically and answers is sent to the examiner. The
examiner will then evaluate the answers either through automated process or manually and the
results will be sent to the candidate through email or it will be made available in the web site.

The brain behind having an online examination system is to efficiently evaluate the student
thoroughly through a fully automated system that will not only saves a lot of time but also gives
fast and accurate results. Online exam can reduce cost and increase efficiency by making the
examination process more convenient. Online examination technology can speed the whole
process of conducting examination for students and can improved accessibility for remote
students (Maurya, 2014).

And for students they give papers according to their convenience from any location by using
internet and time and there is no need of using extra thing like paper, pen etc. An online
examination system includes how the exam paper are structured, how student write the exam,
how the results are determined and how the grade are been allocated to students according to
their individual performance. An online exam system forms the lifeline of educational institutes
to the functioning of examination. The online exam system is very useful for any institute to
test their students continuously for their mutual development and know about their progress.
This system will only be helpful for conducting Multiple Choice question (MC) Examinations
which can be conducted regularly as well as for surprise tests and provides immediate results
saving the precious time of faculties to check the papers and prepare mark sheets.

Online examination system will help to offer to the students a quick and easy way to appear
for the test. And it will displays the results immediately after the examination with 100%
accuracy and security. Student can enter to perform exam only with their valid username and
password. This examination will contains multiple choice questions as mentioned earlier and
appropriate number of options.

2.3.1 Using Online Examination System instead of Traditional Examination System

The current system in use today has various number of problems, so the proposed system will
be great aid to correct those problems. The traditional exam system is highly vulnerable to loss
of student crucial data and it as well promote exam malpractice due to the fact that anyone can
come and impersonate for any student without proper authentication and that has always be a
major concern to the institution. The examination process is insufficient, time consuming, slow

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and highly prone to human error especially when calculating and marking the answer papers.
So the online examination system will be developed to have strictly security features to help
avert some of these problems that are always encountered in the traditional examination
system. These security features will start from the point of student registration in which
students will register with their valid matric card number to give their examination to the end
of the examination process that includes the display of students result. The system will have
strict restrictions in order to disallow the student for sitting for other student during exam
period.

2.3.2 Proposed System

Earlier it was a very time consuming and tedious process where both students as well as
university used to perform all tasks manually be it Student Registration, Setting Question
papers, Setting Schedules to finally declaring the result. It was so huge since these details were
now generated, managed and kept in computers. So it was still not much simpler later the
process became a lot much easier when computer system were introduced and all for students
because they were still expected to come in person to register, appear for exam at exam center
and for all those formalities now result to need to have an automated system that can help
enhance the whole of an examination process (Maurya, 2014).

So do we need to automate the existing system? The answer is in affirmative because the
manual examination system was meant for the times when the number of students enrolled in
the university was less and the numbers of courses taught were limited. But in this present
stage, the ever increasing burden on examination system due to increasing number of students
is leading to various inefficiencies in managing and handling the whole examination processes.
By automating the system we meant to minimize human intervention by adopting ICT since
the technology assures compact storage, speedy retrieval of data and untiring diligent work.
The modern computerized system is ought to be developed with the aim to overcome the
drawbacks of existing manual system because we have study manual examination system of
Legenda college and identify possible automation.

The proposed system has got many advantages. People from different parts of the world can
register very easily. The new system is more personalized. It is maze in such a manner that all
the new users can understand all the options in it very easily. It is made in a quick and easy
referential manner. Access to all important matters are not always locked and can be opened
easily at the time of urgency when student needs it.

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The advantages of proposed system are that security is maintained in the new system. Securities
for all important data are maintained confidentially. As it is also easily understandable and user
friendly, quick entries can be made in this system. The process of this system starts by entering
the students details and verifying it by the admin to know whether the details supply by the
student is valid and thereafter the system will them prompt the students with a message that
their registration is successful so they can log in to the system to write their exam.

After the student have login to the system, he/her can now choose their choice of course and
then answer the question therein by selecting one option from the list of options provided, and
after the time is expiry, the system will then disable automatically, and then the student can
now use the result link to view their result for the exam they have written. However, some of
the features of the proposed system are as follows:

It will help reduce paper work.

The proposed system can generate several reports when and where required.
It saves times as it allows unlimited number of students to sit for their exams at the
same time and displays the results as the exam gets over, therefore no need to wait for
the result.
System will check responses given by students immediately and automatically.
Administrator has the privilege to create, modify and delete the exam.
Question paper are automatically generated by the server.
User can log in with his specific id and password and sit for test and see the results as
well.

2.3.3 Regular systems

There are different examination systems which are being used across the four corners of the
world today. And some of this system has helped to shape how examination are being managed
and conducted for students in the higher institution. Due to the impact of software, examination
has been made easier to the students especially for remote students that always find it difficult
to reach their exam centers before the commencement of their examination. However, the
regular types of online examination system that are in used at this present time are stated below:

2.3.3.1 APMG-Exams.com
APMG-Exams.com is great place to be when it comes to sitting for an examination through the
internet. It is an online assessment portal for APMG international. The APMG is a global and
award-winning examination institute which works in accordance with international ISO

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standards for certification bodies. APMG also accredits a professional training and consulting
organizations and manages certification schemes for knowledge-based workers, and has a
global reach, with its regional offices almost located around the world. The APGM-
international portfolio of qualifications includes change management, COBIT 5 and project
management certifications and a host of specialist for knowledge based workers. Our aim is to
provide consistent quality and consulting organizations, whether they are operating globally or
as a specialist local provider. APMG-internationals rigorous assessment process is recognized
throughout the world.

Figure 5:3 print screen of regular system

Available at: http://www.apmg-exams.com/index.aspx?masterid=1

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2.3.3.2 Exam.cpsp.edu.pk/
The College of Physician and Surgeons Pakistan (CPSP) was established in mid-1962 with the
objectives of maintaining high standard of medical profession, promotion of specialist medical
practice and arrangement of postgraduate medical training in hospitals. It is the only well know
postgraduate medical institution in the country which has established a system of effective and
consistent up gradation of medical training and education.

The CPSP is also an education software developer that help conduct an online examination of
its medical students across the institution and beyond. The CPSP in recent time has help its
postgraduate students to prepare and sit for their in more conducive atmosphere after from
being physical present before they can be able to write their exams. From simple department
body exams, to the whole institution exams, CPSP has the exam software capacity that can
fully meet all the needs of the students across the globe.

Figure 6:5 print screen of regular system

Available at: http://exam.cpsp.edu.pk/index.php

2.3.4 Comparison between the current and regular systems

The following table below highlight diverse functionalities and features differentiating the
current and the regular systems in terms of navigation structure, content, accessibility among
other important features.

Rate as: Good (*), Very Good (**), Average (***), Strong (****), Weak (*****), Bad (******)

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Features Legenda Online APMG Online Exam CPSP Online
Examination system System Examination System
Accessibility ***** * **

*** * **
GUI
Navigation *** ** ***
Structure
Content ***** * **
Features Legenda Online APMG Online Exam CPSP Online
Examination system System Examination System
Links and Rollover *** * *

Currency ***** ** **

Alignment ***** ** *

Interactivity ***** * ***

Efficiency **** ** ***

Effectiveness *** ** **

Readability ***** * ***

User Control *** ** ***

***** ** ***
Memory Load
Table 1:0 Comparison between the current and regular systems

From the comparison between the current and regular systems tabulated above, its clearly
indicates that the APMG Online Exam System has the highest rating, followed by CPSP Online

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Examination System. the current system of Legenda Online Examination System has the lowest
rating and as such the newly proposed system when completed will help bring about drastic
improvement to the current the system that will in return help to ensure that whole process of
examination in the institution are well arranged, conducted and managed properly for the
benefit of the students as well as to the staff of the institution.

2.3.5 Reasons for developing Online Examination System

There are so many obvious reasons why we choose to develop an online examination system
for Legenda Education Group. One of the main reason for selecting this project topic is to
automate the manual examination system that the university is using currently into a
computerized one that will help that the students of the college to be able to sit for their exams
no matter their geographic location. So for this project topic, the author decided to develop a
well comprehensive UML model for Legenda Online examination system. The system will
help Legenda Education Group to arrange, conduct and manage all their examinations for the
students. The current system that is in used in the university is a manual one whereby student
needs to come to the exam center before they can give examination. Also calculating and
marking of the students answer papers are usually done manually which always consumed a
lot of time and effort for the lecturers. The population of students of the Legenda Education
Group is increasing tremendously in which it is very difficult for all the students to sit for one
particular exam at a time in one exam hall due to inadequate space in the exam hall. So because
of these various problems that is been encountered by the university in conducting examination
for the students, thats why the need to have an online exam system came is much needed at
present. However, some of other main reasons for selecting an online examination system as
project topic are as follows:

An online exam system offers faster means of conducting and managing examination
than the manual exam system.
Another important reason why the author choose to develop online exam system is
because the population of the students in the institution is expanding tremendously, so
the available exam hall are no longer enough to accommodate the number of students
that are to sit for an exam at a time. So the online examination system will help to
eradicate this drawback.
It will help enable students from remote location to be able to sit for their exam no
matter where they are. So student will be able to give examination from anywhere of
the world 24/7.

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 It reduces the amount of time been consumed when conducting and marking the
students answer sheet by the lecturer.
Another reason behind developing an online examination system is because of its
accuracy level is always high. Since everything will be done online, there is a
probability of having low error when checking exam copy compare when it is been
done manually.
An online exam system will help checking of exam results by the student to be much
faster because everything is been automated.
Another reason for developing an online exam system is to help cut down in the cost
being spent for purchasing papers. So it will help reduce paper work
It helps to reduce the work of accessing the answers given by the candidates.
The online exam system will help to generate reports when and where required.

2.3.6 Benefits of Using Online Examination System

There are many benefits that a user will get when the using online examination system but
some of the major benefits are as follows:

An online exam system will help save time for users as it allows a number of students
to give their test at the same time and displays the results immediately as the test gets
over. So need for user to wait for weeks for their results.
Another benefit user get when using the system is that it can be conducted from
anywhere with easy access to any part of the world. Since the internet is in the reach of
many users, online exam can be accessed easily anywhere.
Online exam help to create comfort to the users because it assist in creating multiple set
question papers for every subject with very less effort and time. These online exam
make students more comfortable and boost their confidence this typically helps them
in performing well.
An online exam is also so beneficial to the teachers and institute management who no
longer need to spend hours in marking question papers, evaluating answer sheets,
marking results and preparing progress reports for so many students with multiple
courses and batches present in the institution.
It makes it much easier for institutes to conduct weekly, monthly, online exams and
measure the class performance, student performance in each course which help to save
cost.

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 With an online exam, users can now be able to take exams at per their convenience
because exams can be configured for 24/7 availability to the user.
It will help to conduct exams in several geographically locations at the same time.
The online exam help maintains the details of each student as well as provide facility
for editing the student details if required.
It help produce faster conducting of examinations than the usual traditional approach
of writing in the university.
No teacher will be require to monitor the exam center since everything will be
automated.
The online exam system will help to ensure that there is 100% accuracy in result
calculation.
It will enable more students to be able to write the exam.

2.4 About Online Examination System Concepts

The main idea behind developing this online examination system project is to make easy
conducting of examination and easy calculation of student results by the lecturers more
enjoyable and convenient. Student today go through big and small exams, with exams having
become a frequently faced issue. In the world today, there is nothing that the internet cannot
do. Read news, e-shopping, along with the most recent and happening online exam. In the near
future, neither students will be required to come to exam centers to sit for exam nor the teachers
will be required to come to the exam center to monitor an exam.

Examination will be held through online. Online exam is the answer to the problems faced by
many institution when conducting their examinations. Online exam system is neither limited
by time nor place of the examination. So through this online examination system project,
remote candidates will now be able to sit for their exams no matter their location. The online
examination system will issue results as the candidate finishes the examination, and there will
be answer processing that will be also included within the system. The candidate will be given
a limited time to answer the questions and after the time expiry the answer paper is then
disabled. So with the online exam system, a student will be able to answers all test queries
through his computer and later submits them to the Legenda Education Group whos handling
the online exam (Member, 2015).

These answers will then be evaluated by Legenda Online Examination System which already
has the responds to the questions fed into the system. The answers are analyzed and scored

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instantly thus saving valuable time which is usually spent by the examiner in reading and
checking the answers one after the other in manual exam system. The generated score which
then comprises of the student score, test name, time spend for the exam to be completed is then
made available for the student to see within some few seconds.

The online examination can be conducted at any time and it does not incur higher cost as
manual exam scenario as there is no paper work that will be involved, and there will be no need
for invigilators, and also there will be no need of arrangement of exam centers because
everything will now be done online. The online exam system will provide assistance in
creating, conducting and evaluating examinations. The institution will be able to have a
centralized database of questions from which the tests will be prepared. The internet will be
used as media for disseminating and conducting exams, thereby maintaining a uniform pattern
for all the examinees throughout the university. Now the students will no longer need to come
to the exam center before they can sit for their exams, as they can now be able to give
examination from the comfort of their home or any available cyber caf close to tme. The
limitation of number of student that can give examination at a time that always been encounter
in manual exam will now be a thing of the past, as the online system will be large enough to
contain as many students as possible that are to sit for exam at a time.

The online exam system will be so ideal for optional questions and other plagiaristic questions.
Student can enter to perform exam only with their valid username and password. For every
question asked, the student needs to select the right answer provided in the options. There will
be no limitation on number of options and it will be randomized, so same set of question will
not appear to all student so as to prevent manipulation (Programmer2programmer.net,
2015). However, more than one option can be correct but the user can only select one option
for every question. With the online exam system in place, a student from an African country
can today give test in any country across the globe, this competing with other global students
from across the entire world through the this online examination system.

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2.4.1 Advantages of an Online Examination System
There are many advantages of using an online examination system but the most ideal ones are
as follows:

It help reduces long term costs of paper work.

It comparatively required less physical space as compared to the paper answer sheets.
The students can give the exam from anywhere at any time as it is a web-based
application.
Student can see their results almost immediately after the exam gets over. So they do
not need to wait for their results as they have to do in manual exam pattern.
Another main advantage of online exam system is the enjoyment and satisfaction the
students that they received from internet and computer.
There are no limitation on the number of student that can give examination at a time.
It increases a great degree of student satisfaction.
Students no longer need to come exam center for giving their exams.
Student can increase their communication skills by interacting with various new
students and teachers online.
It provides improved learning environment.
It helps in creating multiple set question papers for every subject with very less time
and effort.
No long queue for student during registration because everything will be done online.
It help brings efficiency in the exam process and make it more competitive.
Security is another main advantage of online exam system. Since illegal access may
corrupt the database. Online exam system help to ensure that all the crucial student
details are well secured.
An online exam has greater flexibility in timing and scheduling the exam for the
student.
It helps remote students so that they can give test from anywhere in the world.
Online exam usually lead to effective monitoring of examination processes by the
concerned institution and the possibility of exam malpractice will be minimized.
The online system help to streamline the procedure for collation of exam fees, issuing
receipts to large number of students and keeping a track of cash flow.

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2.4.2 Ethical issues Associated with an Online Examination System
i. Cheating: cheating by the student is number ethical issue that are always encounter in
an online exam system. So the chances of cheating during an online exam by student
are very tough to eliminate. In fact, unless an invigilator is physically present
monitoring the student take the exam, it is almost impossible to remedy.
ii. Connectivity issues: Connectivity can be a serious issue of online exam. A students
internet connection either in a school lab or at home can drop at any time for various
reasons. So in some cases, this could cause the student to loss work or inadvertently
submit exams that are incomplete.
iii. No partial credit: In an online exam there is no room for explaining your answer or
getting partial credit, because the answers on online exams can only be right or wrong.
For instance, in a further math exams on paper, a teacher can see how a student work
out some simultaneous equation. The teacher can identity where a student went wrong
to come up with the wrong answer. So in this case, the teacher can give such student
partial credit. But an online exams dont give teachers the options to see your line of
thinking to get to your answer.
iv. No theoretical exam: Online supports only multiple choice questions, so theoretical
exam cant be conducted in an online exam. Since majority of theoretical exam do come
with images or diagram, so online exam do not support diagrams at present, so it is not
possible to ask certain questions in certain subjects which needs image or diagram.
v. High cost of resources: an online exam system needs more resources than a traditional
exam system. In an online examination, you will need to use a computer and the internet
before you can be able to give examination. So to this, the cost to set up online exam
can be very high compared to the manual exam system.
vi. Theft: This is another crucial ethical issue that is associated with online examination
system. An unauthorized persons who do not access to the system, usually hack
passwords, username to access information that is useful to him/her.
vii. Slow retrieval of data: The whole student details and information are stored in
different parts of the system and because of that it takes a long time to retrieve the data
when needed.
viii. Virus attack: This another ethical issue that comes with online exam. Since they are
many attackers in the world today and they mainly achieve their aim through sending
an infected file to a user which include an executed virus. A virus is simply a piece of

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 code that is capable of copying itself and thereby has a detrimental effect, such as
corrupting the system or destroying the important data therein.
ix. Computer hardware and software failure: These may be subject to freezing and
crashing in the exam setting, so time can be wasted when computers have to restarted
or changed.
x. Denial of service (DOS): Prevention of legitimate access rights by disrupting traffic
during examination among the users of online examination system.
xi. Confidentiality violation: An unauthorized party gaining access of the exam assets
present in online examination system.

2.5 Analysis and Review of Existing Systems

Review usually means evaluation. This review will be carried out based on other systems which
has similar services with the current system though every institution has their own standards
and operations. Similar systems which performs same functions with the current system are
chosen then reviewed and evaluated to see if the functions and services they delivers are off
better than the current. So the online exam system of other two institution that are to be
reviewed and evaluated are; Cambridge English Language Assessment system and Insurance
Institute of India Exam System. After the reviewing and evaluation of the system
functionalities and features, it will in return give more ideas on how to develop the current
system to be a better one.

Table 2:1 Evaluation of comparison (by the author)

Features Existing System Proposed System

Online exam --

Exam timetable --

Question time limit --

Exam Topics

Multiple-Choice(MC)

Exam search --

Study material

Online Registration --

Instant Result --

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2.5.1 Case Study 1: Cambridge English Language Assessment system

Figure 7:6 Cambridge English Language Assessment

The URL address is as follows: http://www.cambridgeenglish.org/test-your-

english/adult-learners/index.aspx?page=3&answers=1|2|2|1|3|3|2|2|3|3#

Cambridge English is a unique approach to learning, teaching and assessing English. It always
combines the experience and expertise of Cambridge English Language Assessment and
Cambridge University Press. Cambridge English is driven by world class research and a deep
commitment to delivering educational excellence, promoting language learning to benefit
society as a whole. The Cambridge English provides the worlds leading range of qualifications
for learners and teachers of English. Their expertise gathered over 100 years of language
learning and assessment, and has led the organization to working with other educational
institutions around the world. Cambridge English exams are accepted by over 20,000
universities and employers around the world. Their exams open doors to higher education,
improve employee opportunities, and because they are globally recognized, it will increase
learners choices for study or work.

The first thing which the user sees after accessing the Cambridge English is the welcome not
which briefly give a clue detail about Cambridge English Language Assessment system. It is

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also easy for the user to navigate in the site because all the links are properly linked together.
The color combination used in this site is also simple and attractive. There is also a quick free
online test link. With that it will help teach user Cambridge English exams may be best for
them. In this quick online test, there will be only 25 multiple choice questions and there will
be no time limit for user to answer it. Also users will be able to see their answers at the end of
the test. The security level in this site is very poor because any user can open it and make use
the free test system because no page for the user to login in order to be granted access first to
use the system.

2.5.1.1 Strength of Cambridge English Language Assessment System

Ease of use
The design feature of the system is focused on the main aims and objectives of the
organization.
Simplicity of the site
The entire navigation structure is easy to understand and be use.
All the links are properly linked together.
The system provides all the types of exams they handle.
The language used it correct (British English) for its target audience which can aid the,
to understand the system every well.
The site also provide free study material to have users prepare for their test
The system links are consistent and easy to identify.
The system logo is linked to home page.
The site has search button.

2.5.1.2 Weakness of Cambridge English Language Assessment System

There is no time limit for user when taking test.
The site is not user friendly at all
The general content of the site is not appealing enough to capture attention and deserve
revisit by user.
Anyone can use the system because there is no platform for registration and login.
There is unclear path to company contact information.
The site load is quite unreasonable.
The site search engine is not easy to access due to fact that its unclearly shown.
There are a lot of meaningless information in the system.

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 The system does not provide site update status

2.5.2 Case Study 2: Insurance Institute of India Exam System

Figure 8:7 Insurance Institute of India

The URL address is as follows:

https://www.insuranceinstituteofindia.com/web/guest/licentiate-online-exam-july-2012#

The insurance institute of India was also formally known as Federation of Insurance Institutes
that was established in the year 1955 for the sole purpose of promoting insurance Education
and Training in the country. The institute is a professional body serving the cause of insurance
industry. The institute conducts examinations at three main levels, Associateship and
Fellowship, Certificates in Foundations of Casualty Actuarial Science and Certificate in
Insurance Salesmanship. The main objectives of the institute is to run college and conduct
examinations, oral and written in insurance theory and practice and related subjects for
awarding certificates, diplomas and degrees to those interested insurance.

The mission of the institute is to impart systematic insurance education, training and creating
avenues for research and development in field of insurance thus developing highly efficient
and skilled insurance professionals to serve humanity in India and abroad. The institute has a
governing body that ranges from president, deputy presidents. Board of chairman and other
important bodies. The institute usually have a schedule for their online examination and this
exam schedule usually comes at least once every three months. The latest online examination

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for institute is schedule to hold on September 2015 and the full dates schedule for the online
examination for the institute are indicated in the figure 2.8 below.

Figure 9:8 Insurance Institute of India online exam schedule for the year 2015 London Apartment

2.5.2.1 Strength of Insurance Institute of India Exam System

Words are clearly written
The system is consistent which makes it easy for the users to understand it very
precisely.
There is a time limit for a question when users takes exam.
The home page contains all the important links of the site.
The navigation font size in the system is big enough to see more especially to the users
that have shortsightedness.
It is easier to navigate in this system.
The system has made examination trends much easier for student to access it across any
geographical location they maybe.
The site has a date schedule for all their exams.
The system displays student score immediately the exam gets over.
The site has a search engine button.
The site has a registration page
Simple user interface

2.5.2.2 Weakness of Insurance Institute of India Exam System

Some links in the system is working but easy to identify because of the font size that
was used.

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 There is no terms and condition that was use in the site.
There is no restriction that was placed on who should use the system because everyone
can open the system to give exam.
Site time load of this system is very slow.
The site major headings is unclear in some pages.
The navigation structure in the site is not same throughout, and that help to confuse the
users on where they are in the site.
The system does not provide site update status.
The pictures and graphics are not well used
The site is a bit complicated

The following table highlight diverse functionalities and features differentiating the existing
and the similar systems terms of accessibility, navigation, efficiency and effectiveness.

Table 3:2 comparison of existing system and the proposed system

Criteria Insurance Institute of Cambridge English Proposed

India Language System
In terms of usability The site is easy to use for It is a bit complex for It is too simple in
novice and computer novice users. terms of usability
literate users. because it every
easy to use by
any user.
Visibility of system status The system is clearly The system is clearly It is also for very
visible enough for any visible enough for any visible for users.
users, it shows their users, it shows their All page have a
whereabouts in the whereabouts in the home tap or way
system. All contents are system. to get back to the
visible. home page and
the navigation
structure are the
same throughout
the whole site.
Security The site is secured The site is not well It is also secured
because not all content secured because non- because you just

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 are visible to non- members can be able have to register
members. to take test without and then sign in
first registering. before you can
take test in the
system.
User control freedom The system supports user Its perfectly support Not easy for
control in terms of easy users control and users to control
use within the site, and all because of that user because it does
pages has supportive links do not usually get lost not have a link to
back to homepage. when using the go back to the
system. main topic of the
system.
Function/features As the author highlighted The system go some It has some
earlier, the system got important to keep functionalities
some functionalities and their users busy and but it is
features. The system, is interactive with the unlimited.
fully interactive and system.
supportive to members
but quite limited to non-
members.
GUI The site is perfectly It is has a good user The proposed
excellent because it looks interface system will have
good and it is more an excellent GUI
professional. because it will be
developed by
following the
KISS principles
of web design
(Keep It Simple
And Straight
Forward.

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Consistency and All contents used in the Not all content are The content in
standards site are consistent, and all consistent such as the the proposed
the important icons used navigation structure system will be
are as well consistent consistent in all
throughout the site and pages especially
quite familiar to the users. the navigation
structure in order
not to confuse
the users when
using the site.
Effectiveness Very Good Average It will be Very
Good
Navigation Structure The site main navigation It system navigation The proposed
structure is easily structure is not easily navigational
identifiable. identifiable. structure will be
easily
identifiable
because it will
developed by
maintaining one
navigation
structure
throughout the
whole system.
Accessibility The site load time is very The site load time is The proposed
reasonable and it also very unreasonable system load time
provides quick links and because the image will be very
access to specific size that was used is reasonable
information. very big. because we will
ensure that all
images in the site
have appropriate
ALT tags.

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 Aesthetic and minimalist All content are simple, Not too simple All contents will
design eye capturing and well be simple and
designed. appealing
enough to the
users.
Performance The performance of the Quit fast too Very good
system is extremely good performance
Table 4:2 comparison of existing of existing system and the proposed system

The two online examination site as well as the proposed system is been reviewed and evaluated;
however all these sites have their weaknesses as well as strength. The Insurance Institute of
India site got a perfect site that provides all good functions that are interactive and attractive to
users. The Cambridge English Language site was not that good because its graphical user
interface design and interaction are mostly complicated for those users that are not computer
literate to understand. While the proposed system is quite average in terms of its interface
design because of its links complexity and other functions on the site and that help to make it
look unattractive and appealing to the users at times. However, after reviewing and evaluating
these systems, a profound idea is gotten on how to go out about to finally develop the proposed
system in such a way that it will be more appealing and interactive to catch the attention of the
targeted audience. We will make use of some functionality in the Insurance Institute of India
because of the high rate performance and security that it inhibits. We are very optimistic that
after developing the proposed system with some of these importance features identified in
Insurance Institute of India that it will help to achieve the aim of the institution of having a fast,
simple and reliable online examination system.

2.6 Overview of Technique and Tools

This describes the development tools and techniques to be used in the development of the new
system. The accomplishment of any system that is to be designed, developed and implemented
is largely based on exact selected tools and techniques that will aid in the process of the system
development. It is widely known that the exact choice of tools and techniques that are selected
to be used might lead to success or setback for process of developing the system. The
development of an online examination system is not possible without the use of certain
technologies. The technologies to be applied in the developed of proposed are as follows:

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2.6.1 Internet and Web Technology
In todays world, it is the rare person who has not had some exposure to the internet and the
World-Wide Web. According to the recent, as of the year 2004 there were only about 20% of
Americans homes without a computer while 50% of homes had some form of high internet
connection. The internet is known as of the largest intercommunication network in the whole
world. It is a computer network consisting of a worldwide network of computers that use the
TCP/IP network protocols to facilitate data transmission exchange (World Net, 2011).

Figure 10:9 How the internet works

Available at: http://computer.howstuffworks.com/internet/basics/internet.htm

The internet is a remarkable phenomenon. Basically, it is just a worldwide, publicly accessible

series of interconnected computer networks that transmit data by packet switching using the
standard internet protocol. There are thousands of network, tens of thousands of computer and
millions of users on the internet with the numbers expanding tremendously on a daily basis. By
using the internet, you can send email chat with colleagues around the world and get
information on a different variety of subjects (Www2.ed.gov, 2015). The internet is really an
information based society.

2.6.1.1 How the Internet will help the proposed Online Examination System (OES)
The internet will be of great help to the proposed in some ways: like it will act as a means of
communication and interaction between the institution and the users of the system, the system
will be hosted online to be access by each and every student of the institution no matter where
their geographical location. So without the internet, all these functions will not be achieved
because there will be no communication, interaction and getting updates and information about
their examinations online.

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2.6.1.2 Advantages of Using the Internet
Table 5:3 Advantages of using the internet (by author)

Faster communication
Information Resources
Online services
The foremost target of the internet has always been the speedy
communications and it has excelled way beyond the
expectation. New innovations are going to make it faster and
reliable. With the internet, user can be able to communicate in
a fraction of seconds with a user sitting in the other part of the
world.
Information is probably the biggest advantage that internet
offers. Any kind of information on any topic under the sun is
available on the internet. There are huge amount of information
available on the internet for just every subject known to man,
ranging from services and government law, market information
and technical support.
The internet has made life very convenient. With many online
services you can now perform all your transaction online
without much stress. You can book ticket for a movie, transfer
funds, Apply for admission etc. right from your home.

2.6.1.2 Disadvantages of Using the Internet

Despite the advantages of the internet, there are also disadvantages of using the internet and
they are as follows:

Table 6:4 disadvantages of using the internet (by internet)

Virus Threat Internet users are often plagued by virus attack on their system.
Virus program are inconspicuous and may get activated if you
click a seemingly harmless link. Every computer connected to
the internet are very prone to targeted virus attack and may end
up crashing.
Theft of personal information If you use the internet for online banking or other services, you
may risk a theft to your personal information such name,
address, credit card number etc. People can access this
information through unsecured connections or by planting

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 harmful software program and then use your personal details
for their benefit
Spamming It is seen as send unsolicited e-mails in bulk, which mainly serve
no purpose and unnecessarily disrupt up the entire system that a
user is using.

2.6.2 System Architecture

System architecture is the generic or conceptual model that defines the structure, behavior and
more view of a system. It is also seen as representation of a system in which there is a mapping
of functionality onto software and hardware components. It can also be said to be a response
to the conceptual practical difficulties of the description and design of complex systems.

2.6.2.1 Client/Server Architecture

The client/server architecture is a computing model in which the server hosts, delivers and
manage most of the resources and services to be consumed by the client. Though the
client/server architecture can be used by programs within a single computer, it is more
significant concept for networking. This architecture has one or more client computers
connected to a central server over a network or internet connection and it the system also shares
computing resources. From the stated point above, it implies that computing resources and data
storage resources are located where they will the most good in fulfilling the computing task at
hand. In most cases, the client is the one to establish a connection to the server over a local area
network(LAN) or wide area network(WAN) , such as the internet, and once the server has
fulfilled the clients request, the connection is then been terminated immediately
(searchnetworking, 2015) . Client/server describes a program architecture and development
process and is not tied to any one particular operating system, database engine, programming
language or network environment.

2.6.2.2 Traditional two tier Client/Server Architecture

A two tier client /server architecture is a typically multi-tier computing architecture in which
the whole application is distributed as two distinct layers or tiers (Techopedia.com, 2015). The
direct communication architecture takes places between the client and server, and there is no
intermediate between client and server. It divides the application logic, data and processing
between client and server devices.

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 Figure 11:10 two tier architecture

In addition, the two tier client/server works when most of the application logic and data is
hosted on a server, and it typically used in small environment of less than 50 users. Generally,
the two tier architecture separates the user interfaces and business into one computer (Tier1)
and the database server is onto another computer (Tier2). The client integrates with the
presentation layer and accesses the server for application specific tasks and processing.

Table 7:5 Advantages and disadvantages of traditional two tier architecture

Advantages Disadvantages
Application can be easily developed due to Security wise this is complicated as users
simplicity need to have separate login information for
every SQL server.
Database server and business logic is Since client beholds most the application
physically close, which help offers higher logic, problems arise in controlling the
performance. software version and re-distributing of new
versions.
Maximum user satisfaction is achieved with There is always dispersion of application.
accurate and fast prototyping of application Any change in an application should reflect
through robust tools. There is also wider all clients. If higher number of users exists in
access to existing databases.

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 the system, it entails substantial
administrative overhead.
Since this contains static business rules its Client tools and SQL middleware
more applicable for homogenous implemented in 2-tier environment is
environments. proprietary which remains cautious on long
term feasibility.
It is very easy to be replaced, repaired or even The two tier lacks scalability as it supports
be relocated to different server at a different only limited number of users. When
location while its client will still remain simultaneous client request increase
unaware and unaffected by all the changes at application performance decreases rapidly
most of the time. due to the fact that clients necessitate
separate connections and CPU memory to
proceed
It is easier to update and modify the system There is also minimal logic sharing since the
data and informations as most of time data application logic is coupled with the client
storage is centralized. Also understandability its difficult to re-use logic dispersed among
and maintainability would be better in this applications and tools.
two tier client/server.

2.6.2.3 Three tier Client/Server Architecture

Three tier client/server is a type of multi-tier computing architecture in which an entire
application is distributed across three different computing tiers or layers. The first layer in the
3-tier client/server is the user layer which runs on the clients computer or pcs, the business
logic and data processing layer which is the middle tier runs on the server which is called the
application layer, a database management system (DBMS) which stores the data required by
the middle tier, and this tier could also be run as a separate server called the database server.
The three tier allows for one central server location for all the business logic and one central
server location for all of the data leading to consistency, uniformity and reuse of applications
in this environment. Finally the distribution of the entire application logic across three tiers
helps optimize the overall application access and layer level development and management.

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 Figure 12:11 Three tier architecture

Table 8:6 Advantages and disadvantages of three tier architecture

Advantages Disadvantages
Due to the distributed deployment servers, There are fewer tool supporting three tier
scalability of the system is enhanced since a client/server. So additional effort is required
separate connection from each client is not to increase of performance whereas the 2-tier
required whereas connection from few model can handle the particular function
application servers are sufficient using an automated tool
Data corruption through client applications It is more difficult to setup and maintain
can be eliminated as the data passed middle
tier for database updating ensure its validity
Through the implementation of several There is complexity in communication.
layers, enhances the data security on a Usually more effort should be enforced when
service by service basis. As clients do not creating 3-tier applications as the
interact with the database directly, it provides communication points are increased (client
less risk and confliction with unauthorized to middle tier to server, instead of directly
data. client to server) and the performance
increased by tools like Visual basic etc.
It reduces distribution because the layered The physical separation of application
architecture enables to update only the servers containing business logic functions

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 application servers, not all distributed clients and database servers containing database
in case of a modification in the business may moderately affect performance.
login.
Redundant server availability is imminent.
The mission critical application seek the use
of superfluous application servers and
database servers as its possible to create an
application which will help recover the
system from network of server failures, with
redundant servers.
It is easy to maintain and modification is bit
easy, wont affect other module. Also in
three tier architecture application
performance is good.

2.6.2.3 Proposed architecture for the Online Examination System

Having research deeply on the popular major types of system architecture regarding mostly
their features, advantages and disadvantages. So the proposed system architecture for the
Online Examination System will be the three tier architecture due to fact that it supports web
based system, multiple users can access simultaneously, and is more secured and
communication is very fast as well, and more also the three tier architecture is also more
scalable than the two tier architecture.

Client layer Business Logic tier Database tier

PHP script Database

Admin Browser Http MySQL
User (Firefox) Database
Html Table
Apache Server

Figure 13:12 Proposed Architecture

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2.6.3 Programming Language Technologies
A programming language is an interface between the programmer and the computer. According
to (Techopedia.com, 2015), defined programming as a computer language that engineered to
create a standard of form of commands, and these commands can be interpreted into a code
understood by a machine. The programming language is mainly use by programmers to
develop major applications, scripts, or other set of instruction for computers to execute. Many
programs are created through programming languages to control the behavior and output of a
computer via accurate algorithms that is similar to human communication process. There are
over 20 programming language and scripting languages that are in existence today, and these
languages are categorized based on their usage by the programmers, and some of them that will
briefly explain in these section are as PHP, ASP.net, Java.

2.6.3.1 PHP (Hypertext preprocessor)

PHP is a web development language written by and for developers. It is a programming
language that allows wed developers to create interactive and dynamic web pages. The first
version was originally created by Rasmus Lerdorf in 1994. PHP stands for Hypertext
Processor is a server-side scripting language, and is very similar to Java, Perl and C++. The
PHP has in recent time emerged as the most well-known general purpose scripting language
that is best suited for web development and web designing (Techopedia.com, 2015). As PHP
is an open source language, it helps web designers and developers in building active web pages
and providing them an easier way to accomplish web related programming tasks. PHP as an
application is also very fast and secure with large usability features making it as a language
more popular among website designers and developers. The PHP can be run on almost all
operating systems such as windows XP, Linux etc. Thereby making more accessible to
windows. The PHP is integrated with a number of popular databases, including MYSQL and
Oracle which provides high security constraints and it is relatively cheap. Through PHP, web
developers are more in a position to make fast, secure and dynamic web portals with premium
and well match features. The PHP allows the programmer to dynamically generate content,
instead of statically like regular HTML.

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The table below depicts and highlights the advantages and disadvantages of PHP:

Table 9:7 Advantages and disadvantages of PHP

Advantages of PHP Disadvantages of PHP

PHP can work with varieties of servers, and PHP is not suitable for lager applications
the best part is PHP is the most efficient with because it is hard to maintain since it is not
most popular server apache. very modular.
It runs on many different operating system. Since it is open sourced, so all people can see
the source code, if there are bugs in the code,
it can be used people to explore the weakness
of PHP.
It can be optimized even compiled for PHP has very poor handling error qualities.
performance closer to that of more establish
complied languages.
PHP is relatively fast since it uses much There are always security flaws in PHP due
system resources. It is also maintained by to many unknown vulnerabilities.
many developers, so when bugs are found, it
can be quickly fixed.
It has excellent database connectivity to all Implicit conversion in PHP may surprise
SQL database server. unwary programmers and then can lead to
unexpected bugs.
PHP is available for free and it very quick to
develop in PHP.
PHP is rated high over ASP.net because it is
written in C languages which makes it
compactable , enabling it to load and execute
much faster than ASP.net

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2.6.3.2 ASP.net
ASP net is web development platform which provides a programming model, a comprehensive
software infrastructure and various services required to build up robust web application for PC,
as well as mobile devices. APS is an acronym for Active Sever Page (ASP) which was
developed by Microsoft as their first sever side scripting engine. It works on top of the HTTP
protocol and used the HTTP commands and policies to set browser-to-server bilateral
communication and cooperation. ASP.net is widely used to produce interactive, data driven
web application over the internet. It contain of a large number of controls such text boxes
buttons, and labels for assembling, configuring, and manipulating code to create HMTL pages.
It is also one of the most critical and secure scripting language that is use to develop
sophisticated and dynamic web pages with easy and high performance. Unlike Visual basic,
validation in ASP .net is inbuilt in the sense that programmer can validate the forms without
writing a single piece of code.

Table 10:8 Advantages and disadvantages of ASP.net

Advantages of ASP.net Disadvantages of ASP.net

It has rapid development process for web It has limited control over HTML
applications.
It offers built in security features through It does not fit the general architecture of
windows authentication. internet and web based applications.
It is flexible and it has good object-oriented Most of the ASP.net applications only run on
features as well. IIS.
ASP.net drastically reduces the amount of It uses far more web servers resources than
code required to build large applications. any other programming languages.
It is purely server-side technology so, ASP.net is expensive and its upkeep is
ASP.net code executes on the server before it resources intensive.
is sent to the browser.
ASP.net makes for easy deployment. There
is no need to register components because the
configuration information is built in

2.6.3.3 Java
According to (SearchSOA, 2015) Java is a programming expressly designed for use in the
distributed environment of the internet. It is one of the object oriented programming language

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that is mostly preferable by software developers due to its cross platform independency. It is
mostly used to create complete applications that runs on a single computer or distributed among
servers and clients in a network. Java is designed to be easy to learn, and it makes an effort to
eliminate error prone situations by emphasizing mainly on compile time error checking and
runtime checking. Java can also be used to build a small application module or applet for use
as part of a web page. Java includes a number of features that makes it different from a standard
language.

Table 11:9 Advantages and disadvantages of Java

Advantages of Java Disadvantages of Java

Java is easy to learn. It was designed to be Java is comparatively slower and takes more
easy to use and is therefore easy to write, memory space than other native
compile, debug and learn than other programming languages like C and C++.
programming languages.
Java is object oriented and this help to allow Java is predominantly a single paradigm
programmers to create modular programs language.
and reusable code.
Java is designed to make distributed The default look and feel of GUI applications
computing easy with the networking written in Java using the swing toolkit is very
capability that is inherently integrated into it. different from native applications.
So writing network programs in Java is like
sending and receiving data to and from a file.
Java is well secured. It considers security as
part of its design. The Java language,
compiler, interpreter, and runtime
environment were developed with security in
mind.
Java is platform independent because it has
the ability to move from one computer
system to another.

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2.6.3.4 Comparison between PHP, ASP.net and Java Programming Languages
Table 12:10 Comparison between the discussed programming languages

JAVA PHP ASP.NET

It is an object oriented programming Is a web based ASP.net is a web development
language development language.
programming language
Java script allows the creation of PHP uses Java Script Supports C, C++ style scripting
dynamic web pages with first class which allows the creation language ASP style mark until
functions and can have extension of of web pages such as ASP Lama. Support OOP concepts.
Html and ASPX.
It is hard to learn and not for Most beginners tends to go ASP.net is not easy to use
beginners. for PHP because it is easy especially for beginners.
to use.
Development time in Java is quite Development time is less Development time is more in
higher than the PH and ASP.net. in PHP. ASP.net compare to PHP.
It uses Java Database Connectivity to Require MySQL Server The driver requires Microsoft
define how data can be accessed in Driver in order to access MySQL Server.
database. data in MySQL Server
PHP runs on server and the major It can run on a single It can only runs inside internet
functionality is to produce HTML computer or be distributed Information services (IIS).
code which will be read. among servers and clients
in a network.

2.6.3.4 Justification of the selected programming language (PHP) to be used

The programming language that will be adopted for proposed system is the PHP programming
language. The PHP is most suitable for the development of the proposed system. The reason
why the PHP programming language is chosen to be used to develop the proposed system is
because it an open source language that provides the user with complete source code to the
language.

In using PHP, neither service provider nor clients have to bear any expenses to use PHP for
their web development. The PPH can be run on different operating system (either windows or
Linux). The Linux based services are more cost effective, than windows server due to zero
licensing fees. The PHP is also quite easy to learn, use and deploy, so it highly preferable

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language among web development companies and clients, and the PHP also integrate a large
array of database engine which are both open source for example the MySQL.

2.6.4 Database
Database is a collection of related data and data is a collection of facts and figures that can be
processed to produce meaningful information. While database management system (DBMS) is
a software tool that is used to store, collect and retrieve information from the database
(tutorialspoint.com, 2015). A well-developed database system usually serve as a main factor
for managing of information in an organized manner. A DMBS do stores data in such a way
that it becomes easier to retrieve, manipulate and produce information. The database system
always offers simplicity which is termed as an easy way to collect, access and display
information. Database system usually allows users to search for information making it much
easier for users to find the exact information they need almost immediately. There are many
types of database system but only the commonly used ones will discussed below:

2.6.4.1 MySQL Database

The MySQL is a freely and most popular open source Relational Database Management
System (RDBMS) that uses Structured Query Language (SQL). MySQL which was originally
owned by Swedish company MySQL AB, was acquire by Oracle in 2008. It is one of the best
and fast RDBMS being used for developing web-based software applications for small and big
businesses. It handles a large subset of the functionality of the most expensive and powerful
database packages. MySQL can run on virtually all platforms, including Linux, UNIX and
windows. Although it can be used in a wide range of applications. The MySQL is very friendly
to PHP, the most appreciate language for web development, and the MySQL works very
quickly and works well even with large data sets.

2.6.4.2 Oracle Database

Oracle database is a relational database system (RDBMS) from Oracle Corporation. It was
originally developed in 1977 by Lawrence Ellison and other developers, and it one of the most
trusted and widely-used database engines (Techopedia, 2015). Oracle DB runs on most major
platforms, including Windows, UNIX, Mac OS and Linux. The system is built around
relational database framework in which data objects may be directly accessed by users through
structured query language (SQL). It is also a fully scalable relational database architecture and
is always used by global enterprises, which manages and process data across wide and local
area networks. The Oracle database has its own network component to allow communication
across different networks.

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2.6.4.2 Comparison between MySQL and Oracle Databases
Table 13:11 Comparison between the discussed database

Functions MySQL Database Oracle Database

Flexibility MySQL can run in every platforms Oracle DB run on most major
platforms
Language The MySQL uses only SQL language. The Oracle uses PL/SQL
language
Features It is faster, more reliable and cheaper. It Used mostly for business
is also the most popular open source intelligence system. The Oracle is
RDBMS based on licensing model.
Security Extremely good in security access Good security also less users
control, as one can grant and revoke unlike MySQL.
rights given to user
Simplicity MySQL easily is understandable and The Oracle is not easily to use and
simple to use understandable by beginners
Scalability It is deployed into many applications. It is portable and helps to lock
mechanism.
Performance It is faster in speed Highly available concurrency.
Reliability It is very reliable The Oracle is also quite reliable
Backup MySQL has only two backup mechanism Oracle offers many backup
namely mysqlhotcopy and mysqldump. mechanism including hot backup,
backup, import, export and many
others.

2.6.4.3 Justification of the selected Database to be used (MySQL)

The database that will be used in the development of the proposed system is the MySQL
database based one the feature security, functionalities and its performance that was described
in the above table. The MySQL database are to be used for the proposed system due to the fact
that it is a relational database system, and that makes it to be more reliable, faster, cheaper and
better than any other database system like the Oracle. In MySQL database, there can be an
infinite number of table, each table containing different information, thus making
normalization easier thereby reducing data redundancy.

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Because of the proposed system will developed by PHP, the MySQL is very friendly with this
programming language. The MySQL also do supports large databases, up to 50 million rows
or more in a table. The MySQL works on many operating systems unlike the Oracle that just
runs on fewer platforms. MySQL database also support fast access permissions such as insert,
delete and update data in a table. It is also a client/server system. Finally, the MySQL can
handle large subset of the functionality of the most expensive and powerful database packages

2.6.4 Modelling Tools

Modelling tools are basically model based tools which actually generate test inputs from stored
information about a particular model (for example a state chart diagram). However, modeling
is the process of producing models, while a model is a representation of the construction and
working of some system of interest. A mode is similar but simpler than the system it represent.
Modelling helps to validate models of the system. The modeling tools that are to be used for
the development of the proposed system are IBM Rational Rose Enterprise Edition, Microsoft
word and Microsoft Office project.

i. IBM Rational Rose Enterprise Edition

This is a set of visual modelling tools for development of object oriented software. It used the
UML to provide methods for non-programmer wanting to model business processes as well as
programmers modeling application logic. The two most popular features of rational rose are its
ability to provide development and round trip modelling. This tool allows designers to take
advantage of interactive development because the new application can be created in stages with
the output of one iteration becoming input to the next. The IBM Rational Rose Enterprise
Edition will be used to draw all the required UML diagrams for the system such as UML
diagram, class diagram, sequence etc. it will be used because it is a case tool that fully supports
object oriented approach with UML (Unified Modelling Language) diagrams, and it also
provides a good user-friendly interface which requires no specific skills to use the tool.

ii. Microsoft Word

This is one of the most popular and powerful word processor from Microsoft. The programs
enables a user to perform word processing functions. This tool will be used for documenting
the research project.

iii. Microsoft Office project

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This tool is mainly used for developing the plan and process that are to taken throughout the
phases of the research project. The Microsoft project is an application that is designed to assist
project managers in developing plan, assigning resources to tasks, tracking progress, managing
budgets and analyzing workload. It is used because it helps to understand and control project
schedules, communicate and present project information, organize work and people to make
sure that projects are completed on time.

2.6.4. System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)

The system development life cycle is a conceptual model used mainly in project management
that describes that stages involved in an information system development project, from an
initial feasibility study through maintenance of the completed application. The SDLC has a
similar set of four fundamental phases: planning, analysis design, and implementation.
However, different projects may emphasized different parts of the SDLC in different ways but
all projects must have the elements of these four phase. Each phase in the SDCL are made up
of series of steps which rely solely upon the techniques that produce deliverables (Alan,W,T,
et all ,2010). The SDLC aims to produce a high quality software that meets or exceeds customer
expectations, reaches completion within times and cost estimates. The organization must define
and implement standards and adopt an appropriate SDCL methodology governing the whole
process of developing, acquiring, implementing and maintaining computerized information
systems and related technology. The development phases in SDLC are as follows:

Planning Phase: This is the fundamental process of understand why an information

system should be built and determining how the project team will go about building it.
Analysis phase: This phase of SDLC answers the questions of who will use the system,
what the system will do, and where and when it will be used. Also during this phase,
the project team investigates any current systems, identifies improvement
opportunities, and develop a concept for the new system.
Design phase: This phase decides how the system will operate in terms of the hardware,
software and network infrastructure, the user interface, forms and reports, and the
specific programs, databases and files that will be needed. Though most of the strategic
decisions about the system were made in the development of the system concept during
the analysis phase, the steps in the design phase determine exactly how the system will
operate.
Implementation phase: This is the final phase in the SDLC, during which the system
is actually built. This is also the phase that usually gets the most attention, because for

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 most systems it is the longest and most expensive single part of the development
process. The SDCL is describe in the figure below:

Planning

Implementation Analysis

Design

Figure 14:13 systems development life cycle (SDLC)

2.6.4.1 System development Methodologies

A methodology is a formalized approach to implementing the SDLC. There are many different
systems development methodologies and each one is unique, based on the order and focus it
places on each SDLC phase. Some of the methodologies are formal standards used by
government agencies, whereas others have been developed by consulting firms to sell to clients.
Manu companies have internal methodologies that have been honed over the years and they
explain how each phase of the SDCL is to be performed in that company (Alan,W,T, et all
,2010). The first category of systems development methodologies is called structured design.
It adopt a formal step-by-step approach to the SDLC that moves logically from one phase to
the next, and some of the basic approaches of structure design categories are out outlined
below.

2.6.4.2 Waterfall Development

This is the original structured design methodology that are still in used today. With the waterfall
development based methodologies, the analysts and users proceed in sequence from one phase

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to the next phase. The key deliverable for each phase are typically ever long and are presented
to the project sponsor for approval as the project moves from phase to phase. This methodology
is referred to as waterfall development because it moves forward from phase to phase in the
same manner as a waterfall. The two key advantages of the waterfall approach are it identifies
system requirements long before programming begins and it minimizes changes to the
requirements as the project proceeds.

Figure 15:14 Waterfall development model

Source: (Alan,W,T, et all ,2010)

2.6.4.3 Phased Development

This methodology breaks an overall system into a series of versions, which are developed
sequentially. The analysis phase identifies the overall system concept, and the project team,
users and system sponsor then categorize the requirements into a series of versions. One of the
most crucial and fundamental requirements are bundled into the first version of the system. The
analysis phase then leads into design and implementation but only with the set of requirements
identifies for version 1. It has the advantage of quickly getting a useful system into the hands
of the users. The major disadvantage of phased development is that users begin to work with
systems that are intentionally incomplete.

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 Figure 16:15 phased based methodology

2.6.4.3 Prototyping methodology

The prototyping methodology performs the analysis, design, and implementation phase
concurrently, and all the three phases are performed repeatedly in a cycle until the system is
completed. The first prototype is usually the first part of the system that is used. It is shown to
the users and the project sponsor, who provide comments. These comments are then used to
reanalyzed, redesign, and re-implement a second prototype, which provides a few more
features more than the formal. One of the major advantage of this methodology is that it is very
quickly provides a system with which the users can interact with, even if it is not fully ready
for widespread organizational use at first. It drawback is that its fast paced system releases
challenge attempts to conduct careful, methodical analysis.

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 Figure 17:16 prototyping based methodology

2.6.4.4 Throwaway-Prototyping methodology

Throwaway prototypingbased methodologies are similar to prototyping-based methodologies
in that they include the development of prototypes; however, throwaway prototypes are done
at a different point in the SDLC. These prototypes are used for a very different purpose than
those previously discussed, and they have a very different appearance. The throwaway
prototypingbased methodologies have a relatively thorough analysis phase that is used to
gather information and to develop ideas for the system concept. However, users may not
completely understand many of the features they suggest, and there may be challenging
technical issues to be solved. Each of these issues is examined by analyzing, designing, and
building a design prototype. It usually has a project time period much shorter than other
methodologies, because the statue building is considered easier and less time consuming than
building working prototypes.

Figure 18:17 throwaway prototyping based methodology

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2.6.4.4 System Development Life Cycle Methodology Comparison/Review
Table 14:12 SDLC methodology comparison

Ability to
Develop Structured Methodologies RAD Methodologies Agile
Methodology
System
Waterfall Parallel Phased Prototyping Throwaway XP
Prototyping
With unclear Poor Poor Good Excellent Excellent Excellent
user
requirements

With Poor Poor Good Poor Excellent Poor

unfamiliar
technology

That are Good Good Good Poor Excellent Poor

complex

That are Good Good Good Poor Excellent Good

reliable
With a short Poor Good Excellent Excellent Good Excellent
time schedule

With Poor Poor Excellent Excellent Good Good

schedule
visibility

2.6.4.5 Justification of the selected methodology (Prototyping)

The methodology that is to be adopted in the development of the proposed system is the
prototyping methodology due to the fact that it supports iterative development and helps in the
creation of a quick prototype for end-users in the early stage of development. The prototyping
help to reassures the users that the project team is working on the system and it helps to more
quickly refine real requirements. This methodology is also appropriate for development of the
proposed system since the user requirements are unclear, so the methodology will help provide
prototypes for users to interact with early in the SDLC. So rather than attempting to understand
a system specification on paper, this methodology will help users to with interact with the
prototype to better understand what it can do and cannot do. In prototyping methodology,

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analysis, design, and implementation are performed concurrently and repeatedly until user are
satisfied with the system before implementing it finally.

2.6.5 Fact Finding Technique

Fact finding most of the time brings the system analyst to a very point where they are required
to deal with some crucial information; and these may include information like employee salary,
companys plan, social security and much more of sensitive information. So this is why it is
every crucial for system analyst to understand the significance of the information they could
have access to and have to keep in mind that they cannot misuse the given information in any
way. Sometimes an analyst is every much like a detective (Projectsmart, 2015).

They knows that there is an issues to be solved and therefore must look for clues that uncover
the solution. Fact finding techniques are used by analysts to discover the needs of users of the
system under development. The choice of a fact findings method depends on the nature and
environment of the system to be developed/ The fact finding is consider as an essential part of
any project and project management because understanding fully well what a project will
deliver is important to its success. However, there are many techniques for fact find that vary
from asking people or users questions to watching them perform some actions., and some of
the commonly used fact finding are as follows:

2.6.5.1 Interviews
An interview is the most commonly used fact finding techniques. It is natural, if you need to
know something, you usually ask someone. So in general, interviews are conducted one on one
(which will include one interviewer and one interviewee) but at times, due to time constraints
several people are interviewed at the same time. Interview techniques also require some
planning and preparation before the interview and documentation of findings afterwards.

Using this particular technique, the system analyst collect information from specific individuals
through face-to-face interaction. In this technique, there are five basic steps in conducting it:
selecting interviewees, designing interview questions, preparing for the interview, conducting
the interview, and then post-interview which is also as a follow up.

2.6.5.2 Observation
This technique is one where the system analyst is either require to be involve in the system
process or watch an individual or group perform some activities in order for them to have a
clue about the current system. It is also seen as the act of watching processes being performed,
it is a powerful tool for gathering information about the as-is system because it enables the

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analyst to see the main reality of a situation rather than listening to others describe it in JAD
sessions or interviews. This techniques is also a good way to verify the validity of information
gathered from indirect sources as questionnaires and interviews (Alan,W,T, et all ,2010).
However, observation can either be active or passive. The passive observation provides better
feedback to refine requirements on the same vain active observation works best for obtaining
an understanding over an existing business process. This techniques is also often used to
supplement interview information.

2.6.5.3 Questionnaire
The questionnaires is another important fact finding technique. It is a set of written questions
used to obtain information from individuals. These questionnaires are designed in order to give
the respondents more freedom in answering the questions asked. The questionnaires are also
often used when there is a large of people from whom information and opinions are needed. It
is also a common techniques with systems intended for use outside the organization for
example by customers or for systems with business users that is spread across many
geographical locations (Alan,W,T, et all ,2010) . Mostly in questionnaires, when question is
asked, the respondent will then answers in a provided space within the questionnaires. One of
the advantage of using questionnaires technique is that a lot of information could be gathered
from an extensive number of individuals in a short period of time.

2.6.5.4 Joint Application Design (JAD sessions)

The JAD is an information fact finding technique that allows the users, project team and the
management to work together to identify requirements for the system. The JAD uses customer
involvement and group dynamics to accurately depict the users view of the business need and
to jointly develop a meaningful solution. It is seen as a structured process in which nine to
twenty users meet together under the direction of facilitator skilled in JAD techniques.

As there many advantages of using JAD technique for gathering information , but the one major
problem with JAD is that it suffers from the traditional problems associated with groups
because sometimes people are reluctant to challenge the opinions of others, so a few people
often dominate the discussion, and for that not everyone participates on the discussion.

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 Table 15:13 Comparison of Fact Finding Techniques

Interviews Joint Application Questionnaires Prototyping Observation

Design
Type of information As-is improvements, As-is improvements, As-is improvements, As-is As-is to be
Depth of information High High Medium Low Low
Breadth of information Low Medium High High Low
Integration of information Low High Low Low Low
User involvement Medium High Low Low Low
Cost Medium Low-Medium Low Low Low-Medium

2.6.5.5 Justification of the selected fact finding technique (Questionnaire)

The fact finding technique that is to be adopted in the development of the proposed system is
the questionnaire due to the fact questionnaire is the kind of fact finding technique that is used
by developers to extract information from an individual. Using this fact finding technique a lot
of information can be gathered from an extensive number of individuals in short period of time
which would now be used to makes some changes within the system before any final
implementation, and this fact finding is also the cheapest type of fact finding technique in the
world today.

2.7 Conclusion
In conclusion, this chapter has given a well explanation of the existing system. The current
system and the examination process used by Legenda Education Group was also discussed in
this chapter. This chapter also help to given clear understanding of the advantages, risks and
limitations of the existing system. This chapter also help to highlight some of the ethical issues
that are associated with the proposed system. This chapter also explains what the benefit that
users will get when using the proposed system. Finally, the chapter also give a clear view of
the type of SDLC methodology and fact finding technique that will be adopted for the
development of the proposed system.

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 CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY
3.0 Introduction
In this chapter, the author reviews the research methodology that will be used in developing
and conducting this study will be specified, select the most appropriate methodology that will
suits this study. Also in this chapter, the author reviews the problem statement of the existing
system and what are the causes and probably what solution are needed to overcome this
problems. More also, the fact finding method that will be used in collecting data for solving
the problem statement will be stated as well. The author will also describe the system
development life cycle (SDLC) and what are to be done on each step of the SDLC in regards
to the proposed system.

3.1 Problem Statement

The manual system in the Legenda Education Group has some limited functionalities in their
current system based up the research carried out by the author. In current system, there are only
manual entry of up keeping of the details of the students as well as the examination. For
instance, setting of examination paper by the lecturers is indeed very deteriorate and stressful.
Due to the limited functionalities of the current system, most of the operations are still executed
on paper which in return leads to data redundancy. Though the manual system is organized in
a well-defined way, still the conveying of paper based records of the students and examination
is still very slow. The manual system for conducting examination in the college continues for
weeks or months as well thereby causing both physical and mental strains to the examinees.
Calculation of how many students registered, and verifying of details of these students in a
mouth by hand is quite a difficult task for lecturers as well as to the staff. At time, the delay in
declaration of result cause heavy losses to the students as generally they cannot be allowed to
join further studies or appear in a competitive exams because of the non- availability of
examination result in time. It is also very difficult for each student to come to the exam center
to take their exam, and more difficult for students from very far distance to reach the exam
center. The manual system is still not efficient in carrying out the whole process of conducting
examination in the college. Another factor that takes into account in the manual system is there
is always a possibility of errors. However, below are the most noticeable problems of the
manual system that was analyzed by the author.

There are no database to help store the examination records

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 The student registration are always done on paper which leads at times to loss of data
of the students
A lot of time being consumed for creating the question papers.
All the examination process are still paper based and its done on Excel
Students have to reach at the exam center to appear for the exam, and sometimes due
to other problems may not reach ay stipulated time.
Students are not able to choose their subjects as per choice and or check their exam
results immediately.

The diagram below describes the basic problems of the as-is-system as illustrated with the help
of ishikawa diagram

Figure 19: 1Ishikawa diagram

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Specifically all the stated problems above will be dealt it with the help of the proposed system
when it is finally implemented, as the online examination system are expected to be executed
effectively and efficiently. The problems to be solved by the proposed system includes:, too
much work overload, manual checking of wrong and right answers, declaration of results takes
too long, remote candidates cant sit for exam, manual setting of question papers.

So with the implementation of the online examination system, candidates from remote location
will now be able to sit for exam from any location across the globe. With the proposed system
in place, there will no longer be manual checking of wrong and right answers because every of
the examination will now be automated to aid ease the too much work overload that the
lecturers do experience. The proposed system will help solved the problem of delay in the
declaration of examination results because with online examination system candidates will now
be able to see their immediately the exam gets over.

3.2 System Development Methodology Justification (Prototyping)

The chosen methodology for the project is the prototyping. The prototyping methodology
performs the analysis, design and implementation phases concurrently, and all three phases are
performed repeatedly in a cycle until the said system is completed. In this type of methodology,
basic of analysis and design are performed and work immediately begins in a system prototype
with a quick and dirty program that provides a minimal amount of features. This process
continues in a proper cycle until the analyst, users and sponsor agree that the prototype provides
adequate information to be installed and used in the institution, but after the prototype is
installed, the refinement still takes place until it is accepted as the new system.

However, the first prototype is mainly the first part of the said system that is used, and it is then
shown to the users and project sponsor, who thereafter provide comments. These comments
are now used to reanalyzed, redesign and re-implement a second prototype which provides a
few more features that the formal (Alan,W,T, et all ,2010) . However, the author decides to use
this methodology because a lot of application functionality can be implemented easily at a very
low cost. The prototyping methodology is also used due to the fact that the proposed system
desired needs is said to have a lot of interaction with the end users. It will help ensures that the
end users constantly work with the system and provide a feedback which can now be
incorporated back in the prototype to result in a usable system. Users are extremely capable of
criticizing or anticipating their needs. This methodology are so ideal for designing good human
computer interface system (For example the Online Examination system). It provides a
common life line and reference point for both to the users and designing in identifying potential
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problems and solution at the early stage of the development. So at the end of prototyping
processes, users usually gets satisfied because they feel they have deep influence in the design
process. Though there are some shortcomings attributed to this methodology but none of them
seems troublesome enough to outweigh it potential advantages.

This methodology is ideal for this project because it will enable the developers to understand
the user requirements at an early stage of the development. It will also help get valuable
feedback from the user and helps system developers and designers understand about what
exactly is expected from the product under development. In requirement engineering process,
a prototype can assist with the elicitation and validation of system requirement compared to
other models. In system design process, it can be used to run back to back test with the system
that will be delivered. More also, rather than attempting to understand a system specification
on paper, the user can interact with the prototype to better understand what and what I can do
and it cannot do.

3.2.1 Prototyping Methodology Phases to be applied to this project

3.2.1.1 Planning Phase
This phase is the fundamental process by which the author will use to understand why the
information system needs to be built and determined how the project team will go about
building it. So in this phase, the author will conducts research thoroughly on the current system
in order to know how it works, the limitations and area that needs to be improved and what is
needed to be done to meet the requirements of the system. The author will be able to provide a
system that saves the efforts and time of both the university and the students.

The questionnaire technique will be used in gathering the requirements and to understand more
about the existing system through the examination board. After that, the tools as such as the
Microsoft project will be used in creating the workplan (Gantt Chart) of the whole project based
on the tasks that has to be done with specific time duration, staffing of the project will also be
included in this workplan, and the necessary techniques that are to be put in place to help the
project team control and direct the project throughout the entire SDLC will also be included in
this workplan. At the end of this phase, the author will ascertain ways to convinced Legenda
Education Group stakeholders for the acceptance of the system request. However, below is the
workplan for the proposed system that was design by the author using Microsoft project.

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3.2.1.2 Analysis Phase
This is the second phase of the SDLC. So during this phase, the author will analyze the current
system manual system, to find out what are the limitation of the existing system, and then
identifies improvement opportunities that are to be made in the proposed system in order to
make it a better one compared to the current system. However, to analyze the current system,
the author will make use of the questionnaires fact-finding method to do that, and this will be
achieve by distributing the questionnaire that was draft out by the author in chapter two of this
project to the students as well as to the staff of the university. After this stage, the author will
still make use of questionnaire method to find out what the users (students/staff) want the new
system to do. So based on the information gathered, and the analysis that was carried out; now
the functional and non-functional requirements of the proposed system will be analyzed by the
author, and the hardware and software requirements needed for the proposed to be developed
will now be made available. The modelling tools such as the Rationale Rose Edition for UML
diagram are to be used in drawing the use case, sequence, and class diagrams, and then ERD
diagram are to be used to have the exact vision of how the proposed system works, and how
the actors will interact with the system functionalities and the activities to be performed while
making use of the system.

3.2.1.3 Design Phase

This is next phase that will come after the analysis phase has been completed by the author. So
once the requirement information has been gathered, the author will now focus on the high-
level design, databases and the interfaces. In this phase, the system is designed to satisfy the
requirements identified in the earlier phases. The requirements identified in the analysis phase
are transformed into system design document that actually describes the design of the proposed
system. Here also, the author will now use the information gathered earlier to create the system
storyboards, and as well creates all the UML diagrams for the proposed system. Before drawing
UML diagrams, the author will then identify who are the actors and what are the important use
cases that are needed for the new system. After that, the author will now begin to draw the use
case diagram. After the use case diagram has been drawn, the author will now draft out what
are the important use cases needed for the system, and as well the use cases description which
will help describe the flow of events for each use case. After that, the author will now use the
information drafted out in the use cases description to draw the sequence diagram. Before the
author starts to draw the sequence diagram, the entity, boundary, actor and controller of each
use case will be identity. After the sequence diagram has been drawn completely, the author
will now go ahead to identify what are the important classes needed for the proposed system
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and then use it to draw the class diagram as well as the relationships that exist between two
class classes or more. After all the UML diagrams have been drawn, the author will then design
the storyboard diagrams for the proposed system which will be apply during implementation
phase. When designing the storyboard diagrams, the author will then be able to find out know
what graphical user interface (GUI) is most ideal for the new system. However, the high level
design will then depicts the structure of the data and algorithm required to implement the
system, while the database design will give a clear description of the data schema required to
support the high level design. In this database design, the author will develop the physical and
logical designs for the proposed system based on the ER diagram. However, the interface
design will describe how the human computer interaction of the system will be, so that the
existing system designs can be incorporated into the prototype. The author will use the
Dreamweaver as tool to design the interface of the proposed system because it is so ideal in
designing a good graphical user interface for any workable system. Finally, this phase will
show the exact structure of how the proposed system should operate.

3.2.1.4 System Prototype

After the design phase is completed, the information gathered then will be immediately
incorporate into a prototype by the author. This may signify the modification or creation of
system information, as well as inclusion of new codes and then modification of existing
codings to make it align with the proposed system codings. After this, the prototype system
will now be shown to users and the project sponsor for comment and review. These comments
will now be used to redesign and re-implement a second prototype which then comes with a
few more features.

3.2.1.5 Implementation Phase

After the system prototype requirement is perfectly understood by the author, the system is
now rewritten once more. So to this, the author will transform the high level design into codes
and integrate the database into codes. This phase will actually include rewriting of the codes
that will help to ensure that each and every function of the system performs and meet the needs
of the users as well as to the project sponsor. In this stage, there will also be an integration of
the entire system, to ensure that the system interfaces and coding are cooperating with each
other to achieve maximum performance. At this phase, the author will then create the database
tables for the proposed system with the help of MySQL server. At this phase also, the author
will use some testing method such as black and white box testing to ensure that each and every
function of the proposed system requirements as it is been required by Legenda Education

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Group Examination board are duly met. After completion, the system will also be reviewed all
over again to identify if there are any major or minor changes for the system that are needed.
This phase will also include activities such as user training and system maintenance. The user
training will needed most in order to teach the students and staff of the university how to make
best use of the new system.

3.2.1.6 System
This is the last phase that will be carried within this chosen methodology. In this phase, final
new system is now up and running, and ready to use and all functionalities are working with
no noticeable error or changes. After this, the fully developed online examination system will
now be handed over to the management of the institution for use in conduct of any examinations
in the college.

3.3 Fact-Finding Method

The fact finding is the process of collection of data and information based on techniques which
contain sampling of observations, interviews, and questionnaires. It is used to collect facts
about the systems, requirements and preferences. The system analyst uses suitable fact finding
techniques to develop and implement the current existing system.

3.3.1 Questionnaire Fact-Finding method

It is a tool used to obtain and collect information about a particular issue of interest from
individual. The questionnaires are designed in order to give respondents more freedom in
answering questions asked. It is usually made up of series of questions, there are also always a
clear instructions and spaces for answers. The questionnaire is so ideal for collecting of
information from large number of user. So with this method, information will be collected from
large number of student of Legenda Education Group due to the fact that research is mainly
aimed at knowing the students opinion of the current examination system of the institution,
the limitation and what the preferred system they need. This method will assist in understanding
the research much better and help to ascertain the limit of the research, and to understand what
and how to go about developing the online examination system based on the user requirements
gathered. The Author will choose a sample of thirty (30) students from large number of students
of Legenda Education Group in this questionnaire fact finding method. The selected sample
will be chosen irrespective of the students gender, age or level to help the author understand
are the students views based on the current system.

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3.3.1.1 Questionnaire Questions, Motive and Expected Result
Based on the chosen research methodology, the author has map out some important questions
that will be ask the student of Legenda Education Group, and the motive behind asking any
question, and what the expected results that the author need from the students for each of
questions. Below is the questions, motives and the expected results for each question.

Question 1: Demographic information

What is your

Age--------------------------------------------------------------
Gender------------------------------------------------------------
Course of Study-------------------------------------------------
School of--------------------------------------------------------

Expected Result: Age, Gender, Course of study, school of

Motive: To know the student gender, age, course of study and the school faculty of the student

Question 2: Have you heard about online examination system before? Please indicate by
selecting any of the answer applicable to you.

Yes
No

Expected Result: Yes

Motive: To know if the student has ever heard of online examination system

Question 3: There is ongoing process in school to make provision of online examination

system for our semesters examinations and tests. Do you think that is a good idea? Please
indicated by selecting any of the answer applicable to you.

Yes
No
Neutral

Expected Result: Yes

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Motive: To know if the ongoing process of provision of online examination for handling all
semester examination in the college is a good idea

Question 4: Do you have any experience taking online examination before? Please indicate by
selecting any of the answer applicable to you.

Yes
No

Expected Result: Yes

Motive: To know if the student has any idea on taking of online exam

Question 5: If you have used an online examination system before, how well can you rate the
performance of the system? Please indicate by selecting any of the answer applicable to you.

Good
Fair
Very good
Poor
Excellent

Expected Result: Good

Motive: To know the rate of performance of the system from those students that have used
online examination system before

Question 6: Indicate below how much convenient you would be with each of the following
aspects of online examination process.

Happy Very happy Neutral Unhappy Very unhappy

Student sitting
for exam
through online
Student taking
exam from the

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 comfort of
their home
Student
checking result
immediately
exam gets over

Lecturers
marking
question paper
online

Expected Result: Very happy and happy

Motive: To know how much happy or convenient student will be with the above processes of
online examination system.

Question 7: Which of the following is better?

Online examination system

Paper based examination system

Expected Result: Online examination system

Motive: To know between online and paper base examination system that student prefer better

Question 8: In your opinion, do you think that online examination is secured enough?

Yes
No

Expected Result: Yes or no

Motive: To know how secured is online examination system

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Question 9: Please indicate by ticking which of the following that applies to you. You can tick
more than one answers applicable to you.

I think online examination will encourage cheating.

I think online examination will be more stressful to student.
I am familiar with online examination system.
I think online examination will speed up the process of conducting exam and checking
results
I know how to make use of computer
I am worried that I may not recall my password when needed.

Expected Result: All of the above

Motive: To know the student likes and dislikes of the proposed system.

Question 10: Do you think that online examination system will totally replace the paper-based
examination system?

Yes
No
Not sure

Expected Result: Yes

Motive: To know if the proposed system will later replace the paper based examination system

Question 11: Write any comment you have about this online examination system, please
indicate in the provided space below

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Expected Result: From every user

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Motive: To know if the users of the system have any comment concerning this proposed system

3.5 Conclusion
In conclusion of this chapter, the author has analyzed about the problem statement of the
existing system which includes the cause and the solution, the system development life cycle
(SDLC) that are chosen for the development of the proposed system are also specified ,and
what the author will do in each step of the chosen SDLC phases are also indicated. The chosen
fact finding method was also analyze, and it includes the question to be asked, the expected
results and the motive behind asking such question. The chapter also helped to identify how to
develop the new starting from the planning phase to the final phase (system). This chapter has
also assists to have a good planning as well as exact structure of the final proposed system. So
to this, the online examination system will help solve the problems faced by institution with
the use of paper based examination system.

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 CHAPTER 4

ANALYSIS
4.1 Introduction
In the previous chapters the methodology that will be used for the proposed system has been
discussed. In this chapter, the author will review the analysis of the as-is-system for
enhancement, and the user requirements for the proposed system. In this chapter also, the
author will discuss about the fact-finding technique used in the collection of information and
data to from the user of the proposed Legenda Online Examination System, and the system
requirements needed for the proposed system. Then the collected data will be analyzed,
interpreted which will draw a conclusion coming out with the user requirement of the proposed
system. Thereafter, the author will depicts and describe the software and hardware
requirements which will be adopted, and be used in developing the proposed system. The
analysis result of the questionnaire used by the author to collect information and data from the
student of Legenda Education Group will also be specified in this chapter and, the results will
be depicted in a chart format with the help of pie chart and bar chart.

4.2 Analysis Results

The analysis of as-is system is actually the phase in which the author distributes questions in
form of questionnaires to some students of Legenda Education Group with motive of gathering
information about want they think about the existing and the proposed system. In the chapter
(3) of this report, the author has drafted some questions in regards to what the user needs are.
However, the analysis and results of questionaries as conducted by the author will be depicts
below with the help of pie char and bar char. About thirty questionnaires were given out to the
students of Legenda Education Group for their review and comment in regards to the proposed
system. However, only 25 questionnaires were collected but the rest of the questionnaires are
not answered at all, while some of the questionnaires are discarded by author due to improver
feedback provided by the students. Finally, after the distributed questionnaires are collected,
the author now review and analyzed the gathered feedbacks as describe below with the help of
pie chart.

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 Figure 20:0 Respondents Age

From the figure above, the majority of the students that responded to the questions asked are
between the ages of 16-19 years old. The respondents between the ages of 20-23 are second set
of students that participated in this questionnaires exercise while those respondent between the
ages of 24 and above have least participation in this exercise.

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS BETTER?

Online Examination System Paper-based examination System Not sure

11%

25%

64%

Figure 21:1 online exam and paper-based systems

This was designed to help the author to get an overview between the online exam system and
paper-based systems that students think is better. So from the analysis, majority of the
respondents thinks that the online examination system is much better than the paper-based
exam system while 25% of the respondents thinks that paper based exam system is well better
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than the online system, However, 11% of the respondents is not sure between the online exam
system and the paper examination system which one is better.

If you have used an online examination

system before, how well can you rate the
performance of the system?

Fair
Poor 9%
10%
Good
Very Good Good
Very Good
23% 58%
Poor
Fair

Figure 22:2 Online exam system performance

This was designed to help the author to get have an understanding of the rate of performance
of online examination system from the students that have make use of it before. From the
analysis, 58% of the respondents says that the rate of performance of online exam system is
good while 23% of the respondents said that the rate of online exam system is very good. Small
percent of the respondents insists that the rate of performance of online examination system is
fair and poor at times.

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 In your opinion, do you think that
online examination is secured
enough?

No
34% Yes
Yes No
66%

Figure 23:3 online examination system secured or not

This was designed to help the author to know if the online examination system is a secured
system. From the analysis, many of respondents think that the online examination system is a
secured system while few of the respondents doubt that online examination system is not that
secured. However, the author will ensure to embed all the security features in the proposed to
ensure that maximum security is achieved.

Do you have any experience taking

online examination before?
0%
32%

68%

Yes No

Figure 24:4 any experience taking online exam

This was designed to help the author to know if the students have any experience taking online
examination. From the analysis above, majority of the respondents indicates that they have
experience in taking online examination while small number of the respondents indicates that
they dont have any experience in regards to taking examination online. However, the author
will ensure to provide user guide to students in regards of taking exam online with the proposed
system.

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 Which system of examination
provides good grading criteria?

11% Online examination

25% paper based examination
64%
Both

Figure 25:5 Grading criteria

This was designed to help the author to know between the online examination and paper based
examination which one provides good grading criteria. From the pie chart above, most of the
respondents inclined towards online system of examination as far as better grading criteria is
concerned. They indicates that it is online exam system in which students make good grades
than paper-based exam system, while only 11% respondents favor both systems for better
performance in examination.

How long do you use the

internet daily?

23% 30 minute
10%
Above 1 hour
19%
Above 2 hour
58% 9% Above 3 hour

Figure 26:6 Daily use of internet

This was designed to help the author to know how much time the students spend daily when
they make use of the internet. So from the chart above, majority of the students make use of
internet for than 30 minutes in daily basis, while small fraction of the students make use of the
internet for than 1hour in daily basis. However, many of students make use of the internet quite

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often and this might be because of their level of education or even age difference as the internet
is now a necessity in the world today.

Which system of examination

provides Exam Result Faster?

8%
Online examination
paper based examination
92%

Figure 27:7 Exam Results

This was designed to help the author to know which of the two examination system provides
student results much faster. From the analysis, 92% of the students agreed that online
examination system provides exam results much faster than the paper based examination
system while small of ratio of the students insists that paper based exam system provides exam
results much faster than online exam system.

In your opinion, do you think having

online examination system in the
college is a good idea?

13%
Yes
19% No
68% Not Sure

Figure 28:8 Online exam system a good idea

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This was designed to help the author to know if the ongoing process for the provision of online
examination system in the college will be a good idea. From the chart above, majority of the
students agreed that the provision of online exam system for handling of the whole examination
process in the college is a good idea. While 19% of the students says that provision of online
examination system for the college is not a good idea. However, 13% of the students are not
sure whether the provision of online examination system for the college is a good idea or not.

How would you like the online

examination system navigation style to
be display?

26%
Simple
Fancy
74%

Figure 29:9 the navigation display style

This was designed to help the author to understand which navigation style will be the best for
the proposed system. From the chart above, most of the students said they prefer the simple
navigation style to fancy and complicated ones.

4.2.1 Conclusion of the Questionnaire Exercise Conducted

The questionnaire has been conducted and was beneficial to the development of the proposed
system; it help to provide a clearer information on what the students of the university need
most. It also proved to be very informative because it will help visualizing the proposed system
in order to ensure that all user requirements are been met.

4.3 Requirement Analysis

The requirement analysis which is at times referred as requirement engineering, is the process
of determining user expectations for the new or modified system. According to bernd bruegge
and Allen H.dutoit (2000), the requirement analysis involves regular interaction with the
client/user to determine their expectation, giving visual representations, creating mapping
between loose ends, and defining boundaries of the system. The information gathered during
the requirement analysis is then used to plan the basic project approach and to conduct system
feasibility study in the operational, economical and technical areas. During the requirement

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analysis, energy are mostly directed towards ensuring that the final system conforms to user
needs rather than attempting to mold user expectations to fit the requirements. Requirement
analysis may be either functional requirement i.e. User requirement and Non-functional
requirement i.e. System requirement. In addition, prior analyses are reviewed and updated,
refining mission and environment definitions to support system definition. Requirements
analysis is mainly conducted iteratively with functional analysis to optimize performance
requirements for identified functions, and to verify that synthesized solutions can satisfy user
requirements. The purpose of requirements analysis is to: refine user requirements and
objectives; define initial performance objectives and refine them into requirements.

4.3.1 Functional Requirements

According to (Allen H et al., 2004), a functional requirements is a description of the feature
requirement. Specifically, the functional requirements relates with what the system should or
provide for users which are related to the proposed system. It describes an interaction between
the system and it environment, and the functional requirement include description of the
required functions, provision of associated online reports or queries and the details of data to
be held in the system. Essentially it also describe what the system must do or the steps it is
going to have to take to perform an action. However, Legenda Online Examination system is a
system that must be capable to allow users to take exam online, be able to login and logout of
the system, check result, review their result among other functions. All these things that system
are capable to do are been termed as functional requirements.

4.3.1.1 System Actors and Description

Taking a proper look at the interpretation user requirements collected from the students of
Legenda Education Group, the actors for proposed system is been identified and describe
below.

Administrator
Lecturer
Student

4.3.1.2 Roles of the actors for the proposed system

From the data interpretation, the following are the roles that should be performed by the users
of the proposed system.

4.3.1.2.1 Administrator: The administrator will be the able to create new class and delete old
class as well, and at the same time manage the entire system. The administrator also has the

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 ability to add, view, delete and update student accounts or profile as well as that of the lecturer,
and at the same time manage the entire system by keeping track of the whole examination
process to avoid any exam malpractice.

4.3.1.2.1 Student: A student is also an important user in the proposed system. After
registration, student can see his/her profile. A student can be able to take exam, view his/her
exam result and at the same time print result. The student will be facilitated with all the latest
news update regarding taking exam online.

4.3.1.2.1 Lecturer: This is third type of user for the proposed system. After registration the
lecturer has the ability to add/set new module, update module, view module and at the same
time be able to delete old module that has already been taken. The lecturer will also be able to
manage question paper.

Below is a table showing the functional requirements use to develop the Legenda Online
Examination system in more detail

Hint: High Priority and Low Priority

Table 16:0 functional requirements

Actor Functional requirement type Description Priority

Login The system shall let the admin to High
log into the system in order to
Administrator have full access to other system
functionalities
Manage Module The system shall let the admin to High
(Add/Delete/Edit) manage Module
Manage User (Add/Delete/Edit) The system shall let the admin to High
add, delete, and edit user.
Logout The system shall let the admin to High
logout from the system after
using it

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Actor Functional Description Priority
requirement type
Login The system shall let the student to log into High
the system using their valid username and
Student password in order to have full access to
other system functionalities
Register The system shall let the student to register High
to the system
Take exam The system shall let the student to take their High
exam online after logging to the system
View result The system shall let the student to view their High
result immediately the exam gets over
Print result The system shall let the student to print their High
results after the exam is done.
Review answer The system shall let the student to review Low
their answers before final submission.
Logout The system shall let the student to logout High
from the system after using it

Actor Functional requirement type Description Priority

Login The system shall let the lecturer to log High
into the system in order to have full
Lecturer access to other system functionalities
Register The system shall let the lecturer to High
register to the system
Manage Exam The system shall let the lecturer to High
(Add/Edit/Delete) add, delete, and edit exams
Manage Question Paper (set The system shall let the lecturer to High
question paper and time manage question paper such as setting
duration/delete/edit question of question paper and their time
paper duration, as well as delete, and edit
question paper at the same time.

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 Logout The system shall let the lecturer to High
logout from the system after using it

4.3.2 Non-Functional Requirements

The non-functional requirements are those requirements that are not directly concerned with
the specific functions delivered by the system. It is a description of and where possible target
values of associated non-functional requirements. According to (Allen, et al., 2004) it describes
how well or what standard a function should be provided. So generally, the non-functional may
cover the system as a whole or relate to specific functional requirement. It also refers to the
behavior properties that the system should have such reliability, usability etc. The non-
functional requirements help to ensure that the functional requirement identified from users
met and executed normally according to (Stack Overflow, 2014). Below is a table showing all
the Non-Functional Requirement which are used in developing the Legenda Online
Examination System in more details.

Table 17:1 non-functional requirements

S/No Requirement Name Description

1 Availability
2 Accessibility
3 Usability
4 Performance
The system should be able and ever ready to perform all the
required functions at any point in time, under any specified
conditions when been used. Also the system should be made
available at any given point in time so that it can be used by the
students.
The system should be able to be access by multiple students at any
given moment without any downtime on the system. The system
should be able to accessible 24/7 for students to make use of it at
their own convenient time.
The system should be ease and simple to be use and understand,
so that students can be able to use it without having any
difficulties.
The system performance should be very fast when student make
use of it, and under no circumstances should the system operates
very low. The system should also be able to insert and save as well

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 as retrieves data at a very good speed. The system should retrieve
the students information within 0.2 second.
5 Reliability The system should be very reliable so that it can be used at any
time of the month, week or day, although the system could be
maintained once every 3 month, and this may be carried out on the
last Sunday of the month, so during this day the system is not
functioning.
6 Extensibility The system should be able to reach out to students in different
geographical locations around Malaysia and beyond.
7 Supportability The system should be ease of changes after any deployment.
However, the system should be capable to support any additional
component that needs to be added to the system. The system
should be able to change its status in order to deal with any new
technology amendment or to fix defects
8 Operational The system should operate in any Windows platform, and also the
system should be able to automatically back up every files at the
end of each day.
9 Security The system should only allow registered users under the admin
with a valid User ID and Password to be able to access the system,
so in no circumstances should unregistered users be able to use the
system. The system should only let the admin to do data analysis.
10 Backup The system should be able to recover lost information from the
back up memory within an hour if any form of failure occurs.
11 Interoperability The system should be able to work with other key technologies if
the need arises.
12 Capacity The system should be capable of supporting multiple
users/students simultaneously without experiencing a downtime
13 Documentation The system should have documentation which makes it easy for
administrator to understand the system and in case of any
improvements in the near future

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4.3.3 Hardware and Software Requirements
4.3.3.1 Hardware Requirements
These are some of the most ideal set of requirements defined by any operating system. The
hardware requirement list is often accompanied by a hardware compatibility list (HLC), mainly
in the case of operating system. However, the table below depicts the hardware requirements
needed for developing the proposed system in terms of their specifications, minimum
requirement and other features.

Table 18:2 hardware requirements

Hardware Minimum Requirement Availability

Processor Intel core () i3 or higher Yes

Hard disk 500GB or higher Yes
Processor Speed 2.00GHz or higher Yes
System Type 64 bit Operating system Yes
Random Access Memory 4.00 GB(2.86 GB usable or higher Yes
(RAM)
Monitor Screen resolution LCD 17/1367*768 (recommended) or higher Yes
Modem Cable or ADSL/SDL(recommended Yes
CD ROM None Yes
Printer Laser printer Yes
Keyboard QWERTY keyboard Yes
Scanner Flatbed Scanner Yes
Mouse Optical mouse Yes

4.3.3.2 Software Requirements

These are the description of the services that a software system must provide and the constraint
under which it must operate. However, the table below depicts the software requirements
needed for developing the proposed system in terms of their specifications, minimum
requirement and other features.

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 Table 19:3 software requirements

Software Minimum Descriptions Availability

Requirement
Adobe Dreamweaver Cs5 It is a tool used for designing the Yes
interface which can as well be used
as PHP editor
IBM Rational Rose Enterprise UML modelling Tool Yes
Edition 2010
Internet Web Browser Version 11.0 To be Use to preview the system Yes
(Mozilla Firefox)
PhotoScape V3.6.4 Tools for creating slide shows Yes
Antivirus Software Avast or Application to be used to protect the Yes
Kaspersky system
Antivirus
Microsoft Office 2010 Tool for creating Gantt chart Yes
Project
Microsoft Word 2013 Use for documentation Yes
Operating system Windows 7 or Used to run the computer system Yes
higher
Wampserver (MySQL) 2.1 Tool for MySQL database. It Yes
supports PHP.
PHP and JavaScript 5.5 version Used to connect to the server and to Yes
display the interface in browser

4.4 Conclusion
In conclusion, the author has achieve a maximum understand to the system he is going to
develop. In this chapter, the author outlined the results of the fact find method (Questionnaire)
used in the collection of information and data to find out what the user requirements for the
proposed system are. The author also discussed about the requirements analysis used in
developing the proposed system which includes the functional and non-functional

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requirements. And finally, the author then highlights the hardware and software requirements
in table format that are to be used in developing the proposed system.

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 CHAPTER 5

DESIGN
5.1 Introduction
In this chapter, the author will review the entire design of the proposed system requirement
analysis. The requirement design analysis that will be cover by the author in this chapter will
include the use case diagram as well the use cases description, the sequence diagram, class
diagram and story board that will aid in the developing the Legenda Online Examination
System. Specifically, this chapter will help the author with the exact pattern of what the
proposed will do for users before final implementation of the entire system.

5.2 Use Case Diagram

Use case diagram is a graphical depiction of the interactions among the elements of a system.
It is used to describe the functionality of a system in a horizontal way (Andrew.com.edu, 2015).
So rather merely depicting the details of individual features of the, the use case diagram can be
used to show all of its available functionality. The main purpose of a use case diagram is to
depict the different way that a user might interact with a system. The next page depicts the use
case diagram for the proposed system.

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5.2.1 Use Case Diagram

Legenda Online Examination System

Edit Exam
Add Exam <<extend>>
<<extend>>
Take Exam
View Result

<<extend>>
Print Result Manage Exam

Delete Exam

Review Answer

Student

Register

Lecturer
Login <<include>>

Edit Module Logout

<<extend>>
<<extend>> Manage Question Paper
<<extend>>
Admin Add Module Set Question paper <<extend>>

<<extend>> <<extend>>
Manage Module

Delete Module
Delete Question Paper
<<extend>>
Manage User
<<extend>>
Add User
Edit Question Paper
<<extend>>

Delete User

Edit User

Figure 30:1 Use case diagram

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5.3 Use Case Description
5.3.1 Registration Use Case Description
Table 20:1 Registration use case description

1: Use Case Name: Registration ID: 1 Importance level: High

2: Primary Actor: User (Student/Lecturer) Use Case type: Detail, Essential

2.1 Visual

Register
User

3: Stakeholders and Interest:

Student: Wants to Register to the online examination system
4: Brief Description:
This use case describes how new user(student/lecturer) can register to our online examination
system

5:Trigger: The user come and Register

Type: External
6:Relationship: N/A
7: Association: Student and lecturer
8: Include: N/A
9: Extend: N/A
10: Generalization: N/A

11: Input: User Required Information

12: Output: New User added to the system successfully
13: Pre-condition: User must have a valid email address
14: Post condition: User can make use of all the functions provided in the system after registration

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15: Normal flow of Events:
The user goes to the system click register button
The system display the register page with the form
The user fill up the register form and click on submit button
The system respond by verifying the user details provided and then save the information
The system then display student registration is successful

16: Exceptional Flows: E1:All the required must not be left blank
17: Alternate Flow: A1: User can cancel their registration if there is any mistake
18: Constraints: Valid email Address

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5.3.2 Take Exam Use Case Description
Table 21:2.5 Take exam use case description

1: Use Case Name: Take Exam ID: 2 Importance level: High

2: Primary Actor: Student Use Case type: Detail, Essential

2.1 Visual

Student Take Exam

3: Stakeholders and Interest:

Student: Wants to sit for their examination
4: Brief Description:
This use case describes how registered student can take their examination

5:Trigger: The Student come and sit for exam

Type: External
6:Relationship: N/A
7: Association: Student
8: Include: N/A
9: Extend: N/A
10: Generalization: N/A

11: Input: User Login information

12: Output: Examination completed
13: Pre-condition: Must be a registered student
14: Post condition: Student can now give their exam

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15: Normal flow of Events:
The student go to the homepage
The student then click on login button
The system then display student login page
The student key in their valid Username and Password
The system the responds by verifying the Username and Password key into the system
The system then display the exam panel homepage
The student then choose the subject they want to give exam to and click submit button
The system then verify the subject
The student then click begin exam
The system now begin the exam process with a stop time
The student choose their choice of option from the number options provided for each
question.
The process continue until all the question has been answered
The student now click finish button to submit their final answer.
The system then verify and save the student answer
The system then display thank you. Your examination has been completed.
16: Exceptional Flows: E1 Invalid Username or Password, No question set on the Subject
17: Alternate Flow: A1 User can cancel their answer
18: Constraints: Password must be valid as well as Username

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5.3.3 Set Question Paper Use Case Description
Table 22:3 Set question paper use case description

1: Use Case Name: Set Question Paper ID: 3 Importance level: High
2: Primary Actor: Lecturer Use Case type: Detail, Essential

2.1 Visual

Lecturer Set Question paper

3: Stakeholders and Interest:

Lecturer: Wants to set questions paper for the student
4: Brief Description:
This use case describes how the Lecturer set question paper in the system.

5:Trigger: The Lecturer login to the system and set questions for the student
Type: Internal
6:Relationship: N/A
7: Association: Lecturer
8: Include: N/A
9: Extend: N/A
10: Generalization: N/A

11: Input: Lecturer UserID and Password

12: Output: Question has been added successfully
13: Pre-condition: The Lecturer must logged in to the system
14: Post condition: Lecturer can now set the question

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15: Normal flow of Events:
The Lecturer log into the system using its valid User ID and Password
The system responds by verifying the Lecturer User ID and Password
The Lecturer page panel will now be display once the admin details has been verified by the
system.
The Lecturer will now click on set question paper button
The system will then display set question paper page
The Lecturer will now enter the necessary questions as well as their answers plus time
duration and then click submit button.
The system will then verify the question paper and save the question
The system will now display question paper has been added successfully.
16: Exceptional Flows: E1 Must enter question
17: Alternate Flow: N/A
18: Constraints: Must be Lecturer of Legenda Online examination system

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5.3.4 View Result Use Case Description
Table 23:4 View result use case description

1: Use Case Name: View Result ID: 4 Importance level: High

2: Primary Actor: Student Use Case type: Detail, Essential

2.1 Visual

Student View Result

3: Stakeholders and Interest:

Student: Wants to see their result
4: Brief Description:
This use case describes how the student will check their result after giving their test.

5:Trigger: The student login to the system to view their result

Type: External
6:Relationship: N/A
7: Association: Student
8: Include: Print Result
9: Extend: N/A
10: Generalization: N/A

11: Input: Student UserID and Password

12: Output: N/A
13: Pre-condition: The student must logged on to the system
14: Post condition: The student can now view their result

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15: Normal flow of Events:
The student log into the system using their valid User ID and Password
The system responds by verifying the student User ID and Password
The main page will now be display once the student details has been verified by the system.
The student will then click on view my result button
The system will then display the student results.

16: Exceptional Flows: E1 Wrong UserID and Password

17: Alternate Flow: N/A
18: Constraints: Must be the a registered student, and also must have taken exam

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5.3.5 Manage User Case Description
Table 24:5 Manage user use case description

1: Use Case Name: Manage User ID: 5 Importance level:

Low
2: Primary Actor: Administrator Use Case type: Detail,
Essential
2.1 Visual

Admin User

3: Stakeholders and Interest:

Administrator: Wants to add new user, delete user, edit user information
4: Brief Description:
This use case describes how the administrator login to the system to manage user
5: Trigger: The administrator login to the system to add, delete or edit user
Type: Internal
6:Relationship: N/A
7: Association: Administrator
8: Include: N/A
9: Extend: add new user, delete user and edit user
10: Generalization: N/A

11: Input: Admin UserID and Password

12: Output: N/A
13: Pre-condition: Admin must log in to the system with valid UserID and Password
14: Post condition: The admin can now manage user
15: Normal flow of Events:
The admin log into the system using its valid User ID and Password
The system responds by verifying the Admin User ID and Password
The Admin page panel will now be display once the admin details has been verified by
the system.
The Admin will then click on manage user button

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 The system will then display the manage user page
The administrator will then click on either edit user button, or delete user, or add new user
button.
The system will then display the particular page that the admin click on of the functions
The admin will then perform all the necessary process like add or edit user that he wants,
and click the next button to finish.
The system will then verify and save the new entries that been made by the admin
Thereafter, the system will now display new changes edited, added or deleted successfully
16: Exceptional Flows: E1 must have key in a wrong admin UserID and Password
17: Alternate Flow: A1:Cancel
18: Constraints: Must be an administrator

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5.3.6 Login Use Case Description
Table 25:6 Login use case description

1: Use Case Name: Login ID: 6 Importance level: High

2: Primary Actor: User (Admin, Student and Lecturer) Use Case type: Detail, Essential

2.1 Visual

Login
User

3: Stakeholders and Interest:

User: Wants to login to the system
4: Brief Description:
This use case describes how the user (Admin /Student/Lecturer) will login to the system in order to
make use of order functions of the system
5: Trigger: The user login to the system to perform other function
Type: Internal
6:Relationship: N/A
7: Association: Admin, Student, Lecturer
8: Include: N/A
9: Extend: Logout
10: Generalization: N/A

11: Input: Valid UserID and Password

12: Output: Has successfully Sign in
13: Pre-condition: User sign in using valid userid and password
14: Post condition: The user can now make of the system function if is already registered user
15: Normal flow of Events:
The system display the homepage
The user click on the login button
The system display the login page
User key in username and password, and click login button

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 The system verify the provided details and , and then the system will display the particular
user page
16: Exceptional Flows: E1 Key in wrong password and username
17: Alternate Flow: A1:Cancel
18: Constraints: Must key in a valid email address

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5.3.7 Review Answer Use Case Description
Table 26:7 Review answer use case description

1: Use Case Name: Review Answer ID: 7 Importance level: Low

2: Primary Actor: Student Use Case type: Detail, Essential

2.1 Visual

Student Review Answer

3: Stakeholders and Interest:

Student: Wants to review their answer during exam
4: Brief Description:
This use case describes how student can review answer their when taking exam
5: Trigger: The Student come and take exam, thereafter review their answers during or after exam.
Type: External
6:Relationship: N/A
7: Association: Take exam
8: Include:
9: Extend:
10: Generalization: N/A

11: Input: User Login information

12: Output: N/A
13: Pre-condition: Must have taken exam
14: Post condition: Student can now review their answer
15: Normal flow of Events:
The student login into the system using their valid Username and Password
The system the responds by verifying the Username and Password key into the system
The system then display the exam panel homepage
The student then choose the subject they want to give exam to and click submit button
The system now begin the exam process with a stop time

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 The student choose their choice of option from the number options provided for each
question.
The process continue until all the question has been answered
They system then display review button for student check their answered questions.
The student now click on review button.
The system then display the student answered question
The student now click finish button to submit their final answer.
The system then display thank you. Your examination has been completed.
16: Exceptional Flows: E1 Student have not answered all questions
17: Alternate Flow: N/A
18: Constraints: N/A

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5.3.8 Print Result Use Case Description
Table 27:8 Print result use case description

1: Use Case Name: Print Result ID: 8 Importance level: High

2: Primary Actor: Student Use Case type: Detail, Essential

2.1 Visual

Student Print Result

3: Stakeholders and Interest:

Student: Wants to see print their result
4: Brief Description:
This use case describes how the student can print their result

5:Trigger: The student login to the system to print their result

Type: External
6:Relationship: N/A
7: Association: View result
8: Include: N/A
9: Extend: N/A
10: Generalization: N/A

11: Input: Student UserID and Password

12: Output: Hardcopy of student result
13: Pre-condition: The student must logged on to the system
14: Post condition: The student can now print their result

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15: Normal flow of Events:
The student log into the system using their valid User ID and Password
The system responds by verifying the student User ID and Password
The student main page will now be display once the student details has been verified by the
system.
The student will then click on print result.
The system will then check for result
The system will now print result
16: Exceptional Flows: E1 Wrong UserID and Password
17: Alternate Flow: Cancel
18: Constraints: Must have taken exam

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5.3.9 Manage Question Paper Use Case Description
Table 28:9 Manage question paper use case description

1: Use Case Name: Manage Question Paper ID: 9 Importance level: Low
2: Primary Actor: Lecturer Use Case type: Detail, Essential
2.1 Visual

Lecturer Manage Question Paper

3: Stakeholders and Interest:

Lecturer: Wants to delete question paper, update question paper
4: Brief Description:
This use case describes how the Lecturer login to the system to manage the question paper
5: Trigger: The Lecturer login to the system to set, view, delete or update question paper
Type: Internal
6:Relationship: N/A
7: Association: Lecturer
8: Include: N/A
9: Extend: set question paper, delete question paper, update question paper, view question paper
10: Generalization: N/A

11: Input: Lecturer UserID and Password

12: Output: N/A
13: Pre-condition: Lecturer must log in to the system with valid UserID and Password
14: Post condition: The Lecturer can now manage question paper
15: Normal flow of Events:
The Lecturer log into the system using its valid User ID and Password
The system responds by verifying the Lecturer User ID and Password
The Lecturer page panel will now be display once the Lecturer details has been verified by
the system.
The Lecturer will then click on manage question paper button
The system will then display the manage question paper page
The Lecturer will then click on either set/delete/update/view question paper button.

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 The system will then display the particular page that the Lecturer click on
The Lecturer will then perform all the necessary process that he wants, and click the next
button to finish.
The system will then verify and save the new entries that been made by the Lecturer
Thereafter, the system will now display changes made successfully
16: Exceptional Flows: E1 must have key in a wrong Lecturer UserID and Password
17: Alternate Flow: A1:Cancel
18: Constraints: Must be a Lecturer

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5.3.10 Logout Use Case Description
Table 29:10 Logout use case description

1: Use Case Name: Logout ID: 10 Importance level: High

2: Primary Actor: User (Admin, Student and Lecturer) Use Case type: Detail,
Essential
2.1 Visual

Logout
User

3: Stakeholders and Interest:

User: Wants to logout from the system after using it
4: Brief Description:
This use case describes how the user (Admin/Student/Lecturer) will logout from the system after
using it
5: Trigger: The user logout from the system after using it
Type: Internal and external
6:Relationship:
7: Association: Admin, Student and Lecturer
8: Include: Login
9: Extend:
10: Generalization: N/A

11: Input: Valid UserID and Password

12: Output: Has successfully login in
13: Pre-condition: User already using the system
14: Post condition: The user can now logout from the system
15: Normal flow of Events:
User already login to the system.
The user then click logout button to go logout from the system.
The system display you have successfully Logout

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16: Exceptional Flows: Nil
17: Alternate Flow: Nil
18: Constraints: User is not login already into the system yet

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5.3.11 Manage Module Use Case Description
Table 30:1 Manage Module use case description

1: Use Case Name: Manage Module ID: 12 Importance level:

Low
2: Primary Actor: Administrator Use Case type: Detail,
Essential
2.1 Visual

Admin Manage Module

3: Stakeholders and Interest:

Administrator: Wants to add, delete or edit module
4: Brief Description:
This use case describes how the administrator login to the system to manage the module
5: Trigger: The administrator login to the system to add, delete or edit
6:Relationship: N/A
7: Association: Administrator
8: Include: N/A
9: Extend: add, delete, edit module
10: Generalization: N/A

11: Input: Admin UserID and Password

12: Output: N/A
13: Pre-condition: Admin must log in to the system with valid UserID and Password
14: Post condition: The admin can now manage module
15: Normal flow of Events:
The admin log into the system using its valid User ID and Password
The system responds by verifying the Admin User ID and Password
The Admin page panel will now be display once the admin details has been verified by
the system.
The Admin will then click on manage class button
The system will then display the manage module page

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 The administrator will then click on either add, delete or edit button
The system will then display the particular page that the admin click on
The admin will then perform all the necessary process like add, delete or edit module, and
then click the next button to finish.
The system will then verify and then save or delete the new entries that been made by the
admin
Thereafter, the system will now display changes made successfully
16: Exceptional Flows: E1 must have key in a wrong admin UserID and Password
17: Alternate Flow: A1:Cancel
18: Constraints: Must be an administrator

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5.3.12 Manage exam Use Case Description
Table 31:2 Manage exam use case description

1: Use Case Name: Manage Exam ID: 13 Importance level:

Low
2: Primary Actor: Lecturer Use Case type: Detail,
2.1 Visual Essential

Lecturer Manage Exam

3: Stakeholders and Interest:

Lecturer: Wants to add, delete, or edit exam
4: Brief Description:
This use case describes how the Lecturer login to the system to manage the exam
5: Trigger: The Lecturer login to the system to add, delete, or edit exam
Type: Internal
6:Relationship: N/A
7: Association: Lecturer
8: Include: add exam, delete exam, edit exam
9: Extend: N/A
10: Generalization: N/A

11: Input: Lecturer UserID and Password

12: Output: N/A
13: Pre-condition: Lecturer must log in to the system with valid UserID and Password
14: Post condition: The Lecturer can now manage exam
15: Normal flow of Events:
The Lecturer log into the system using its valid User ID and Password
The system responds by verifying the Lecturer User ID and Password
The Lecturer page panel will now be display once the lecturer details has been verified
by the system.
The Lecturer will then click on manage exam button
The system will then display the manage exam page

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 The Lecturer will then click on either add, delete, or edit exam button.
The system will then display the particular page that the Lecturer click on
The Lecturer will then perform all the necessary process that he wants, and click the next
button to finish.
The system will then verify and save the new entries that been made by the Lecturer
Thereafter, the system will now display changes made successfully
16: Exceptional Flows: E1 must have key in a wrong Lecturer UserID and Password
17: Alternate Flow: A1:Cancel
18: Constraints: Must be a Lecturer

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5.3.13 Add Module Use Case Description
Table 32:3 Add module use case description

1: Use Case Name: Add module ID: 15 Importance level:

High
2: Primary Actor: Admin Use Case type: Detail,
Essential
2.1 Visual

Add Module
Admin

3: Stakeholders and Interest:

Admin: Wants to add new module
4: Brief Description:
This use case describes how the admin add new module to the system.
5:Trigger: The admin login to the system and add module
Type: Internal
6:Relationship: N/A
7: Association: admin
8: Include: N/A
9: Extend: N/A
10: Generalization: N/A

11: Input: Admin UserID and Password

12: Output: Module has been added successfully
13: Pre-condition: The admin must logged in to the system
14: Post condition: Lecturer can now set the question

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15: Normal flow of Events:
The admin log into the system using its valid User ID and Password
The system responds by verifying the admin User ID and Password
The admin page panel will now be display once the admin details has been verified by the
system.
The admin will now click on Manage module button
The system then display manage module page
The admin will then click on add module button
The system will then display add module page
The admin will now enter the new module name and description, and then click submit
button.
The system will then verify the new module and save the module information
The system will now display new module has been added successfully.
16: Exceptional Flows: E1 Must enter module
17: Alternate Flow: N/A
18: Constraints: Must be admin of Legenda Online examination system

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5.4 Sequence Diagram
The sequence diagram are simple subsets of interaction diagrams. It is seen as an interaction
diagram that depict how processes operate with one another and in what patter (Lucidchart,
2014). It help to map out events in an engineering process in order to streamline activities of
the new system. The sequence diagram do describes an interaction merely by focusing on the
sequence of message that are exchanged in response with their corresponding occurrence
specification on the lifelines. The sequence diagram showcase not only the component of
objects but also with the objects and actors that are involved in their behavior. This diagram
are usually used by software developers to understand requirements for a new system or
enhance an existing system. The sequence diagram is more dynamic compared to collaboration,
use case and collaboration diagrams. The next page depicts the sequence diagrams for the
proposed Online Examination System:

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5.4.1 Login Sequence Diagram

Login Controller Regisration Table UserHomepage

: Legenda Homepage Login Page
User

1: Go to Hompage

2: Click on login link

3: Display

4: key in userid and password E1: Invalid

userid and
password
5: Click on Login Button

6: Send Info()

A1:Cancel 7: check info

8: verify info

9: Return info()

10: Display you have successfully Login

Figure 31:2 Login sequence diagram

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5.4.2 Registration Sequence Diagram

Regisration Page Registration Controller Regisration Table

User : Legenda Homepage

1: Go to Hompage

2: Click on Registration link

3: Display
E1: Invalid
Email ID
4: Key in all required fill

5: Click on Login Button

6: Send Info()

7: verify inof()
A1:Cancel

8: Save info()

9: Display "Your Registration is Successful"

Figure 32:3 Registration sequence diagram

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5.4.3 Take Exam Sequence Diagram

: Legenda Online Exam Homepage : Login Controller Exam Controller Exam Table
Student Student HomePage Exam Page Login Page

1: Go to Hompage

2: Click on Login button E1:Invalid

Userid and
Password
3: Display

4: Key in UserID and Password

5: Click on Login Button

6: Send Info()

A1:Cancel 7: verify info

8: Display User Homepage

9:

10: choose class, module and click next button E2: Subject
not exist

11: send info()

A2: Cancel
12: check info

13: send info()

14: verify info

15: display exam page

16: click on begin exam

17: select answer option for each question E3: Some

question not
answer
18: click submit answer button

19: send answer()

A3:Cancel
20: verify answer()

21: save info()

22: Display Exam Completed

Figure 33:4 Take exam sequence diagram

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5.4.4 Set Question Paper Sequence Diagram

ExaminationTable Examination Controller

Lecturer Login Page Set Question Paper Page : Login Controller
Lecturer Page

1: key in LecturerID and password

E1:Invalid
Userid and
2: Click on Login Button Password

A1:Cancel 3: send info()

4: verify info

5: Display access

6: Click on add question button

7: display

E2:No
question
8: enter questions and answers, and the time duration
paper enter

9: click on add button

10: send info()

A2:Cancel 11: verify info()

12: save info

13: Display question has been added successfully

Figure 34:5 Set Question Paper Sequence Diagram

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5.4.5 View Result Sequence Diagram

student Legenda Online Exam Homepage student Login page Student page : Login Controller Result Table Result page

1: Got to homepage

2: click on login button

3: display

4: key in userid and password

E1:Invalid Userid
and Password
5: click on login buttton

6: send info
A1:Cancel
7: verify info

8: Display access

E2: No result
yet
9: click on view result button
10: send request

11: check result

A2:Cancel
12: display result

Figure 35:6 View Result sequence diagram

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5.4.6 Manage User Sequence Diagram

: Login Controller UserTable User Controller

Administrator Login Page Admin Page Manage User Page

1: key in AdminID and password

E1:Invalid
2: Click on Login Button Userid and
Password

A1:Cancel 3: send info()

4: verify info

5: Display access

6: click on manage student link

7: display

8: click on add, delete, update student info button link

9: key in the required info E2: Invalid

detail

10: click on submit button

11: send info()

12: verify info()

A2:Cancel

13: save info

14: Display changes has been updatef successfully

Figure 36:7 Manage user sequence diagram

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5.4.7 Manage Question Paper Sequence Diagram

Lecturer Question PaperTable Question Paper Controller

Lecturer Login Page Lecturer Page Manage question paper Page : Login Controller

1: key in LecturerID and password

E1:Invalid
2: Click on Login Button Userid and
Password

A1:Cancel 3: send info()

4: verify info

5: Display access

6: click on manage question paper button

7: display

8: click on view, update or delete question paper button

E2: Invalid
9: key in the required detail detail

10: click on submit button

11: send info()

12: verify info()

A2:Cancel

13: save or delete info

14: Display changes has been successfully made

Figure 37:8 Manage Question paper sequence diagram

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5.4.8 Print Result Sequence Diagram

student Legenda Online Exam Homepage student Login page Student page Result Table
: Login Controller

1: Got to homepage

2: click on login button

3: display

4: key in userid and password

E1:Invalid Userid
and Password
5: click on login buttton

6: send info
A1:Cancel
7: verify info
E2: No result
yet
8: Display access

9: click on print result button

10: Retrive Result

11: check result

A2:Cancel

12: Result Printed

Figure 38:9 print result sequence diagram

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5.4.9 Review Answer Sequence Diagram

Exam Controller Exam Table

Student HomePage : Legenda Online Exam Homepage Login Page : Login Controller : Login Controller
Student

1: Go to Hompage

2: Click on Login link

E1:Invalid
3: Display
Userid and
Password

4: Key in UserID and Password

5: Click on Login Button

6: Send Info()

7: verify info
A1:Cancel

8: Display User Homepage

9: choose subject and click submit

E2: Subject
not exist
10: send info()
A2: Cancel
11: verify info

12: send info()

13: verify info

14: return ()

15: click start exam

16: select answer option for each questions

17: click submit button

18: send info()

19: verify infoi()

20: save info()

21: Review answer

22: check answered questiion

23: click finish button

24: send info()

A3:Cancel
25: re-verify

26: your examination is now completed

Figure 39:10 Review answer sequence diagram

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5.4.10 Logout Sequence Diagram

UserHomepage Logout Controller

User

1: Already Login

2: Click on logout button

3: send info

4: verify info

5: You have succssfully logout

Figure 40:11 Logout sequence diagram

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5.4.12 Manage Exam Sequence Diagram

Lecturer Lecturer Login Page Manage Exam Page Exam table

Lecturer Page : Login Controller Exam Controller

1: key in LectID and password

E1:Invalid
2: Click on Login Button Userid and
Password

A1:Cancel 3: send info()

4: verify info

5: Display access

6: click on manage exam button

7: display

8: click on add, edit or delete button

E2: Invalid
9: key in the required detail detail

10: click on submit button

11: send info()

12: verify info()

A2:Cancel

13: save or delete info

14: Display changes has been successfully made

Figure 41:12 Manage class sequence diagram

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5.4.13 Add Module Sequence Diagram

Module Table Module Controller

Lecturer Login Page Add Module Page : Login Controller
Lecturer Page

1: key in lecturerid and password

E1:Invalid
Userid and
2: Click on Login Button Password

A1:Cancel 3: send info()

4: verify info

5: Display access

6: Click on add module button

7: display

E2:No
module enter
8: enter new module name and code

9: click on add button

10: send info()

A2:Cancel 11: verify info()

12: save info

13: display module added successfully

Figure 42:14 Add module sequence diagram

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5.4.14 Mange Module Sequence Diagram

Admin Admin Login Page Admin Page Manage module page Module table Module Controller
: Login Controller

1: key in AdminID and password

E1:Invalid
2: Click on Login Button Userid and
Password

A1:Cancel 3: send info()

4: verify info

5: Display access

6: click on manage module button

7: display

8: click on add, edit or delete module button

E2: Invalid
9: key in the required detail detail

10: click on submit button

11: send info()

12: verify info()

A2:Cancel

13: save or delete info

14: changes made successfully

Figure 43:15 Manage module sequence diagram

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5.5 Collaboration Diagram
5.5.1 Login collaboration diagram 8: verify info

Login 7: check info

Controller

10: Display you have successfully Login 9: Return info()

Regisration Table
1: Go to Hompage
2: Click on login link
UserHomepage

: Legenda Homepage

User : Student

6: Send Info()

3: Display
4: key in userid and password
5: Click on Login Button

Login Page

Figure 44:16 Login collaboration diagram

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5.5.2 Manage student collaboration diagram
4: verify info
1: key in AdminID and password
2: Click on Login Button
3: send info()
Administrator : User

Login Page
: Login Controller

6: click on manage student link

5: Display access

studentTable

Admin Page

7: display

13: save info

12: verify info()

8: click on add, delete, update student info button link

9: key in the required info
10: click on submit button

11: send info()

student Controller

14: Display changes has been updatef successfully

Manage Student Page

Figure 45:17 Manage student collaboration diagram

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5.6 Class Diagram
The class diagram provides the general overview of the target system by describing the class
and classes inside the system and the relationships between them. It describes the information
without reference to any particular implementation. The class diagram provides a lot variety of
usages from modeling the domain specific data to detailed design of the proposed system
(Visual-paradigm.com, 2015). It is also seen as the heart of UML because it represents the core
purposes of UML due to the fact that it separates the design elements from the coding of the
system. In class diagram generally, the classes are arranged in groups that share common
characteristics, and it classes and relationship can be implemented in many way such as
database tables or composition of software objects.

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5.6.1 Class Diagram

Figure 46:18 Class diagram (designed by the author)

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5.7 Statechart diagram
5.7.1 Add user statechart diagram
Form enter required info Entered click add buttom Adding

displays verify info

start saved verified

clcik add user User page
save info

stop

Figure 47:19 add user statechart diagram

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5.7.1 View result statechart diagram

enter username and password

entered clicks submit button submitted

displayed
verified

display available results

view result click on view result button

viewed clicked

Figure 48:20 view result statechart diagram

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5.7.3 Question paper statechart diagram
start logging Logged displays lecturer page displayed

click manage question button

entered displayed clicked

info
enter required info display manage question

clicks submit button

submitted verify info verified saves question saved

stop

Figure 49:21 question paper statechart diagram

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5.7.4 Add module statechart diagram
displayed click on manage module button module

click login button clicked

start
displays lecturer page
displays login page display form page

display enter username and password entered

form

fill in module name desc

verified submit filled

verify info click submit button

saves info

saved stop

Figure 50:22 add module statechart diagram

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5.8 Activity diagram

5.8.1 Register activity diagram

User Register page System

Start

Seek to
register

Navigate to
register page

Fill in the
required fileds
Validate
user info

Invalid info
End
Re-register
again

correct info

Display registration
successful

End

Figure 51:23 register activity diagram

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5.8.2 Set exam activity diagram

Lecturer Lecturer Login Page Manage exam page System

Start

Ready to
set exam
Navigate to
login page

Keep in username
and password
Validate username
and password

valid info invalid info Re-login

again
Display
page

click on manage
exam

Enter
required info
No

click on Verify info

add button

Yes

Exam added
Successfully

End

Figure 52:24 set exam activity diagram

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5.8.3 Take exam activity diagram

Student Login page Student page System

Start

Seek to
take exam

Click on
login page

Enter username
and password Verify info

incorrect info recheck password

and username

Display
page

Click on
take exam
Check for
available exam

No available
Display available exam
exams

click on choice
of exam

choose answer
options

Submit
answer
Save
answer

Your answer has been unanswered

some question
sumbitted successfully
All question answered not answered

Stop

Figure 53:24 take exam activity diagram

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5.8.4 View Result activity diagram

Student Login page Student page System

Start

Seek to
view result

Click on
login page

Enter username
and password Verify info

incorrect info recheck password

and username

Display
page
valid info

Click on
view result
Retrieving
available results

No No result yet

Display available available

results

stop

stop

Figure 54:25 view result activity diagram

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5.8.5 Manage module activity diagram

Lecturer Login page Lecturer page Manage modeul page System

start

seek to manage
module

click login
button
Navigate to
login page

enter username
verify info
and password

invalid info re-login

Dispplay
page valid info

click on manage
module
Display
page

click on
add button

enter module
name and desc

click save
button

verify and
save

some fields are empty Re-add

New module added again
successfully

stop

Figure 55:26 manage module activity diagram

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5.9 Story Board
5.9.1 Homepage

Logo University Name

Home About Us Sign Up Contact Us Login F&Q

Marquee Latest News

Admin Login
Slideshows

Lecturer Login

Back to Top Link

Footer Facebook icon/Home/Admin Panel/Terms &Conditions

Figure 5.13 Homepage

Figure 56:27 Homepage

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5.9.2 Set Question Paper Page
Logo University Name

Home About Us Sign Up Contact Us Logout

Text

Add Subject

Add Test

Add Question

Footer Facebook icon/Home/Admin Panel/Terms &Conditions

Figure 57:28 Set question paper page

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5.9.3 Student Page
Logo University Name

Home About Us Contact Us Logout F&Q

Logout

Take Exam Check Result

Print Result Review Result

Footer Facebook icon/Home/Admin Panel/Terms &Conditions

Figure 58:29 Student page

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5.9.4 Manage Student/Lecturer page
Logo University Name

Home About Us Sign Up Contact Us F&Q

Logout
Back to Home

Navigation

Add Student/lecturer

Delete Student/Lecturer Image

Update Student/Lecturer

View Student/Lecturer

Logout

Footer Facebook icon/Home/Admin Panel/Terms &Conditions/Logout

Figure 59:30 Manage student/lecturer page

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5.9.5 View Result Page
Logo University Name

Home About Us Contact Us FAQ Logout

Text

Exam Name Total Question Score

Footer Home/Terms &Conditions/F&Q

Figure 60:31 View result page

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5.9.6 Take Exam Page
Logo University Name

Home About Us Contact Us Check Result F&Q Logout

Question number Time

Duration

Question

Option 1

Option 2

Next Question button

Footer Facebook icon/Home/Terms &Conditions

Figure 61:32 Take exam page

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5.10 Deployment diagram

Figure 62:33 Legenda Online exam system deployment diagram

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5.11 Entity Relationship diagram (Er diagram)
The entity relationship diagram (ERD) shows the relationships of entity sets stored in a
database. An ERD is also seen as a conceptual and representational model of data used to
represent the entity framework infrastructure. An entity in this context is a component of data.
In other words, ER diagrams illustrate the logical structure of databases.

The entity relationship diagram for the proposed system (design by author)

Figure 63:34 Entity relationship diagram

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5.12 Conclusion
In conclusion, the author has do far created the use case diagram with the use case descriptions,
the class diagram, the sequence diagram as well as the storyboard for developing the proposed
system. So with this stated point/diagram above, the design phase of the proposed system is
completed which will now form the base for the next stage of the system development which
is the implementation phase.

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 Chapter 6

System Implementation
6.1 Introduction
This particular chapter will be mainly discussed about the system implementation; which will
be carry out with reference to what have been discussed in the analysis phase (chapter 4) before,
the last system prototype accessed will be used in implementing the coding. However, system
design is required to be implemented in order to turn it into an effective system. This makes it
necessary that the coding of designs is turn into a computer language that can be understood,
that is, programming language. More also, other crucial areas that will be discussed in this
chapter are; the software and software development requirement tools and technologies, system
implementation, implementation of GUI with the necessary codes, implementation of database
as well as table structure.

6.2 Development Environment

In some of the computer software and programs product development, the development
environment is been referred as the set of processes and programming tools used to create the
program or software product. The term development may sometimes also imply the physical
environment. Processes and tools are coordinated to provide developers an orderly interface to
convenient view of the development process which is called an integrated development
environment (Rouse, 2008).

6.2.1 Hardware Development Environment

Hardware development environment are the particular hardware a system needs for its
development. The table below describes the hardware used in developing the newly proposed
Legenda Online Examination system.

Table 6:0 hardware development requirement

Hardware Requirement
Computer Lenovos ThinkPad XI
Processor Intel core () i5-4200U CPU@1.60GHz 2.30 Ghz
Hard disk 500GB or higher
System Type 64 bit Operating system
Installed Memory (RAM) 4.00 GB(3.90 GB usable)
Monitor Screen resolution 14/1367*768 (recommended) or higher

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 6.2.2 Software Development Environment
Software development environment are the specific softwares a system needs for its
development. The table below describes the software used in developing the newly proposed
Legenda Online Examination system.

Table 33:1 software development environment

Software Requirement Descriptions

Adobe Dreamweaver Version 11.0 It is a tool used for designing the interface which can
as well be used as PHP editor
IBM Rational Rose Version 7.0.0 Tool for UML modelling diagrams
Enterprise Edition 2003
Internet Web Browser Version 10.0 To be Use to preview and run the system
(Google Chrome)
PhotoScape V3.6.4 Tools for creating slide shows
Antivirus Software Version 2012 Application to be used to protect the system
(Avast)
Microsoft Office Project 2010 Version Tool for creating Gantt chart
2010
Microsoft Word 2013 Use for documentation
Operating system Windows 8 pro Used to run the computer system
Wampserver Version 2.1 Tool for MySQL database. It supports PHP.
PHP 5.5 Version For database development of the system

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6.3 System Implementation
System implementation can be seen as a process of defining, designing, testing and
implementation of a new software application or program. This may involve the internal
development of customized systems, creations of database systems, and the purchasing of third
parties developed softwares. In system implementation all written standards and procedures
must guide all information systems processing functions.

6.3.1 Three-tier Architecture

Three tier architecture is a type of multi-tier computing architecture in which an entire
application is distributed across three different computing tiers or layers. The first layer in the
3-tier architecture is the user layer which runs on the clients computer or pcs, the business logic
and data processing layer which is the middle tier runs on the server which is called the
application layer, a database management system (DBMS) which stores the data required by
the middle tier, and this tier could also be run as a separate server called the database server.

The three tier allows for one central server location for all the business logic and one central
server location for all of the data leading to consistency, uniformity and reuse of applications
in this environment. In three-tier architecture the more users access the system the more
scalable the system will become unlike any other solutions because you can add as many
middle tiers (running on each own server) so as to ensure a good performance. Finally the
distribution of the entire application logic across three tiers helps optimize the overall
application access and layer level development and management

Figure 64:1 three tier architecture

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 Figure 65:2 proposed architecture

6.4 Implementation of Graphical User Interface (GUI) ad Coding

The implementation of graphical user interface (GUI) explains the system interface with design
with its respective coding. The functions include Registration, Login, Take exam, Check result,
Update, Delete etc.

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6.4.1 Login Page (GUI and Code)

Login Panel

Figure 66:3 Login GUI and code

The code and GUI above describes the login function for the student of the system to login, so
if the student key in invalid data the displays an error message, thus if login input data is correct
the system will proceed to display student homepage

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6.4.2 Registration Page (GUI and Code)

Registration Panel

Figure 67:4 Registration GUI and code

The code and GUI above describes the registration function for the student of the system to
register, so if the student key in invalid data the displays an error message, thus if registration
input data is correct the system will proceed to display a successful message

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6.4.3 Check Result Page (GUI and Code)

Figure 68:5 check result GUI and code

The code and GUI above describes the Results of a student after he has completed taking
exam

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6.4.4 Prepare question Page (GUI and Code)

Figure 69:6 prepare questions GUI and code

The code and GUI above describes the how the lecturer will prepare the questions for the
student to take.

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6.4.5 Manage Student Page (GUI and Code)

Figure 70:7 manage student GUI and code

The code and GUI above describes the how the admin will manage the student and that
includes these functions (add, delete and update student information).

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6.5 Database Implementation
A database must be created in implementation of the proposed system in order to store all the
necessary information. However, the first step taken was the development using MYSQL
database, the interface was designed with PHP language support the SQL queries to be
executed. The diagram below depicts how the database stores all the information of the
proposed system with the tables that were created, primary keys and foreign keys of each table
so as to link one or more table together and respective tables and the coding used in the
connection of database and the server.

Figure 71:8 database implementation

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 Figure 72:9 database connection

6.5.1 Table structure

The illustration below highlight the tables structure of the database implementation

6.5.1.1 Adminlogin Table structure

Figure 73:10 adminlogin table structure

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6.5.1.2 Student Table structure

Figure 74:11 student table structure

6.5.1.3 Lecturer Table structure

Figure 75:12 lecturer table structure

6.5.1.4 Question Table structure

Figure 76:13 question table structure

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6.5.1.5 Studentquestion Table structure

Figure 77:14 studentquestion table structure

6.5.1.5 Subject Table structure

Figure 78:15 subject table structure

6.5.1.6 Studenttest

Figure 79:16 studnttest table structure

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6.6 Conclusion
In conclusion, this chapter has explained the necessary hardware and software development
environment, a brief system implementation with the appropriate architecture for the proposed
Legenda Online examination system, implementation of graphical user interface with
respective codes, database implementation and table structures of the database that was
implemented.

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 CHAPTER 7

TESTING

7.1 Introduction
This particular chapter is dedicated to perform testing to access the efficiency and effectiveness
of the Legenda Online examination system functionalities. This chapter is regarded as one of
the most significant chapters in system development as it conduct and performs the final system
testing to checkmate errors, mistakes and to ensure that the new developed system
functionalities meet the initial requirements to prevail over the problems in the current system.
So before the system reach to the hand of it users. This testing is to be carried to ensure that
the system satisfies it requirements and solves the problem for which it is being developed to
solve.

7.2 Testing Plan

The test plan is a document describing the scope, approach, resources and schedule of intended
test activities, it help identifies amongst others test items, the features to be tested, testing tasks,
who will do each task, degree of tester independence, the test environment and exist criteria to
be used, and the rationale for their choice, and any risks requiring contingency planning.
(Softwaretestingfundamentals.com, 2011)

7.3 Blackbox Testing

Black-box testing is a software testing method in which the internal
structure/design/implementation of the item being tested it not known to the tester. The black-
box testing examines the functionality of an application based on the specifications. It also
takes an external perspective of test object to derive test cases. For instance, in a black box on
a software design, the tester only knows the inputs and what the expected outcomes should be
and not how the program arrives at those inputs.

It also takes an external perspective of the test object to derive test cases. For example in a
black box test on a software design the tester only knows the inputs and what the expected
outcomes should be and not how the program arrives at those outputs.

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 Table 34:1 black box testing of online exam system description

Test Function Description Input Expected Actual Student

ID Result Result Pass/Fail
1 Registrati Pre-condition: Student and -Form is -Data Pass.
on using Student/Lecturer Lecturer enter validated. provided is
valid data must be registering valid -registration validated.
for the first time registration information -
Actor: Student and data or provided registration
Lecturer information saved in information
database. provided
- system saved in
displays database.
registration - system
successful displays
registration
successful
2 Registerin Pre-condition: Student and The system The system Pass
g with Student/Lecturer Lecturer enter should display displays an
incorrect must be registering valid an error error
or invalid for the first time registration message that message
data Actor: Student and data or the username that the
Lecturer information or email are username
but the already exists or email
username or are already
email are exists
existed in the
database
3 Login Precondition: Enter valid -form is form is Pass
with valid users (admin, username and validated validated
info student and password - log in users - users are
lecturer) must have to their logged in
an existing account account to their
before login account

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 Actors: Student,
Lecturer,
administrator
Add Pre-condition: Click add -system should System Pass
4 module Administrator has module display display
logged in button module form module
Actors: -enter valid form
administrator module details -system
and click display a
save button message
-system should -system
display a display a
message message
module is module is
added added
successfully successfull
y
5 Take Pre-condition: Click take System should System Pass
exam student has logged exam button retrieve and retrieve
into the system display the and display
Actor: student exam the exam
questions questions
6 Check Pre-condition: Click check System should System Pass
result student has logged result button retrieve and retrieve
into the system, display the and display
and must have result of the the result
taken exam student of the
Actors: student student

7 Edit Pre-condition: Enter valid System should System Pass

module administrator has module details save the should save
logged in and must Click on immediate the
save button changes made immediate

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 has added module - system changes
earlier display a made
Actor: message - system
administrator module has display a
been updated message
module
has been
updated

8 Delete Pre-condition: Check module System should System Pass

module administrator has check box and save the should save
logged in click delete immediate the
Actors: module changes made immediate
administrator button - system changes
display a made
message - system
module has display a
successfully message
deleted module
has
successfull
y deleted

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 Table 35:2 functionality testing

Test ID 1 Function: Student Login

Description: Valid username and password

Correct username
and Password Student has
successfully
Username: rita
logged in
Password: 1234

Database

Rita is registered student

Test ID 2 Function: Student login
Description invalid username and password

Wrong username
and Password
Username: obama Error message
Password: 1234 You have enter
wrong username
and password

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 Database

From database table of the student, the user obama does not exists

Test ID 3 Function: Student Registration

Description: student wants to register

Student with the

username (Friday) has
just successfully
registered

Registration page
with student
entered details

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 Database

The student with the username (Friday) now exists in the database

Test ID 4 Function: Take exam

Description: student can write exam

Student must
Student must click
begin exam exam code

Student will
answer questions

Database

Exam Questions exists in the database

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Test ID: 5 Function: View Result
Description: student can view result

Finally the exam result will be

After taking its exam, a message will displayed showing the overall mark
display asking the student to check that the scores
his result

Student can now print his result or

results

Datatabase

Answer to the answered asked questions exists in the database

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Test ID: 6 Fuction: Add module
Description can add module

A display message pop up to show that

the new module is created successfully

Admin enter module

details

Database

The new module now exists in the database

Test ID:7 Function: Delete module
Description: Admin can delete module

Module check box will be

checked before it will be
deleted Module has successfully be
deleted

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 database

The module which IT290 doest not exists any longer in the database
Test ID:8 Function: Edit module
Description: Admin can edit module

The module name

The module name economics is
economics will be edited
now changes to: Surverying

Finally, it has been changed

to surveying

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 Database

The module has been updated in the databae

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7.4 Whitebox Testing
This is type of testing in which the tester have knowledge of the internal logic and the coding
structure as well as how the coding works. In white-box testing, based on the explicit
knowledge of the internal logics, the test data input is chosen and the output is examine using
a specific knowledge of the programming code. Moreover, this kind of testing concentrates
more on the input and how the inputs are being processed.

Table 36:3 white box testing

Test Id No .1 Function Login

Specification Inputs the username and password, if it correct then it
redirect user to the corresponding page based on user type
PHP Code Inputs Execution Result
This is the code that allows user to login Case 1 It will check Passed
username the
chime username
Password password.
1234
Case 2 It will Passed
Username continue the
chimemark execution
password and check
1234 the user type
that matches
with the
username
and
password
Case 3 It will check Passed
Username- if and
Jonhson display that
Password- invalid login
1234 details
Views from the Database

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 Interface sample

Explanation The tester already have the knowledge of the internal

logic together with the coding structure as well as how
the coding works and based on that, the test inputs were
chosen, so also the outputs were properly examined and
finally all the test went successfully as the tester
expected it to be

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Test ID No.2 Function Registration
Specification Inputs username, password, confirm password, email,
phone number, contact address, gender, matric no, so it is
valid data, it directly registered the user (student)
PHP Code Inputs Execution Result
This code allows the user (student) to register Case 1 It will check Passed
Username if the details
friday are correct
Password before it
1234 proceed.
Email,
phone
number,
contact
address,
gender and
matric
number
Case 2 It will Passed
username continue the
password execution
Email, and check
phone the user type
number, that doesnt
contact matches
address, with the
gender and username,
matric and email
number that already
exists in the
database
before it
accept

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 Case 3 It will Passed
username continue the
password execution
Email, and check
phone the user type
number, that doesnt
contact matches
address, with the
gender and username,
matric and email
number that already
exists in the
database
before it
accept
Views from the Database

Interface sample

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Display message that shows that ejike has registered successfully

Explanation The tester already have knowledge of the

internal logic together with the coding
structure as well as how the coding works and
based on that, the test inputs were selected so
also the outputs were examined and finally all
the tests went successfully as the tester
expected it to be

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Test ID No.3 Function Add module
Specification Inputs module name, module description and semester if correct,
it will directly add the module to the system
PHP Code Inputs Execution Result
This code allows the admin to add module Case 1 It will check if Passed
Module name the details are
Bio203 correct before
Module desc it proceed.
Biotechnology
Semester
Module name It will continue Passed
Bio203 the execution
Module desc and check the
Biotechnology module type
Semester that doesnt
matches with
the name, and
description that
already exists
in the database
before it accept
Case 3 It will continue Passed
username the execution
password and check the
Email, phone module type
number, contact that doesnt
address, gender matches with
and matric the name, and
number description that
already exists
in the database
before it accept

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 Views from the Database

Interface sample

Succefully message that displays when the mdoule has been added

Explanation The tester already have knowledge of the internal

logic together with the coding structure as well as
how the coding works and based on that, the test
inputs were selected so also the outputs were
examined and finally all the tests went successfully as
the tester expected it to be

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7.5 User Acceptance Testing
User acceptance testing is the last phase of the system testing process. During user acceptance
testing, the actual system users test the system to make sure it can handle required tasks in real
world scenarios. So perform this testing process, 15 questionnaires were distributed to 15
students in order for them to evaluate the general system functionality and acceptability. Each
questionnaire had 11 questions each. After accessing and examine the legenda online
examination system, the comments and feedback received from the participant were
encouraging because 87% of users were satisfied

Table 37:4 Table displaying the rating scale of legenda online examination system

Rating Very poor Poor Average Good Excellent

Scale 1 2 3 4 5

N: B: In regards for the full user evaluation form refer to the Appendix, only the outcome is
discussed below

The evaluation criteria and the result of the feedback assessment from the evaluator is be shown
in the table below;

Table 38:5 displaying the user evaluation result

Evaluation Assessment Criteria Average Scale rating Average Scale Rating in

(out of 5) percentage (%)
Page navigation 4.4 88%
Friendly user interface 4.6 90%
System response 4.6 90%
User control and freedom 3.6 72%
Security quality 4.0 80%
Consistency and standards 4.7 94%
System flexibility 4.5 89%
Information display 4.2 84%

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Feedback: The final evaluation result is shown in a bar chart below;

5
4.5 Page Navigation
4 Friendly User Interface
3.5
System response
3
User control and freedom
2.5
Secuity Quality
2
1.5 Consistency & Standards

1 System Flexbility
0.5 Information Display
0

Figure 80:1 11 Bar Chart displaying user evaluation criteria and overall average rating scale

As shown in the figure 7.1 above, the percentage of rating shows that the system was highly
rated and that all the users were satisfied with the new system.

7.6 Unit Testing

This testing involves the testing of the smallest unit of an application. Unit is not just testing
of small unit it is also an essential component of the software development process.
practitioners enjoy such benefits as easier error detection, which has desirable end result of
increasing software quality at the same time and reduces the development time and cost. Unit
testing helps to make error reduction much more easily leading to the reduction of the
development time, effort, and cost because less time and resources are consumed finding and
fixing errors. In addition to this, unit testing includes several complex types of testing such as
black box and white box testing. Unit testing main focus is whether the unit meets user
requirements and expectations based on the system functionality

7.7 Conclusion
In conclusion, this chapter has performed the testing of the new system (Legenda online exam
system) features and functionalities, different type of test plan were used to make sure the
system is free errors or malfunction. The testing that were performed are black-box testing,
white-box testing, user acceptance testing and unit testing, all the testing was conducted
successfully but some errors and bugs found were immediate fixed. In the user acceptance

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testing (UPT), the whole comments and feedbacks received was very encouraging because
almost 87% of the users were satisfied with the new system, which proves that the system is a
good tool for conducting exam online.

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 CHAPTER 8

CONCLUSION
8.0 Introduction
This main is quite difficult and required a lot of research to achieve its sole aim. So to this, this
chapter is the last chapter of this project report. The chapter will recap and conclude all the
chapters that has been earlier in this project development. So it is crucial to compare the
findings obtained with the main objectives of the project report so as to ascertain whether the
research is successful or not. However, this online exam system was designed and implemented
successfully based on the user requirement discussed in chapter 4 and five of this project. The
new system was aimed to replace the current manual system of Legenda College in order to
provide fast means of taking exam and checking results by the students. This chapter will
further summarize all the other chapters, finding and result, lesson learnt, problem encounter,
and finally future enhancements.

8.1 Summary of the chapters

8.1.1 Chapter 1 Introduction
This first chapter of this project provides the general overview of the current system of the
system. The other important areas that was also discussed in this chapter include, problem
statement, objectives, project scope, aim and rationale. The main purpose of this chapter is to
review in order to have a clear picture of the current system and to identify and define the scope
of the proposed system.

8.1.2 Chapter 2 Literature Review

This second chapter is aimed to conduct the literature review of both the current and the
proposed system. The main areas that was discussed in this chapter are the background study,
status of the current system, review on other similar existing systems, and analysis of the tools
and technologies that will be used in developed the newly proposed online exam system.

8.1.3 Chapter 3 Methodology

In this chapter, the general overview research on methodology that will be suitable for the
implementation of this newly system were discussed. The finding method that are to be used
to gather the user requirements in regards to the proposed system were also discussed in this
chapter such as questionnaires interview and Join application development (JAD).

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8.1.4 Chapter 5 Analysis
In this chapter, the analysis of the current and new system was carried out. So to this, the
comprehensive analysis of the questionnaires, functional and non-functional requirements,
hardware and software requirements that give the clear picture of the features and functions of
the new proposed system was discussed

8.1.5 Chapter 5 Design

In this chapter, the requirements gathered in the analysis phase were used to design the system.
The use case diagram, use case description, class diagram, sequence diagram, state chart
diagram, activity diagram, entity relationship diagram and the storyboards were all discussed
and designed in this chapter

8.1.6 Chapter 6 Implementation

In this chapter, the coding for each function of the system was created and built. Hardware and
software tools and technologies, system architecture, database implementation are discussed
for the implementation of the new system.

8.1.7 Chapter 7 Testing

The main purpose of this chapter is to carry out system testing to ascertain the new system
functionalities are working perfectly well. The test was performed and all errors and bugs
discovered were immediately corrected.

8.1.8 Chapter 8 Conclusion

This chapter review the entire chapters discussed in regards to the newly developed system,
findings and result, lesson learnt, problem encountered and future enhancement are identified
as well.

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8.2 Finding and result
It simply indicates the final outcome achieved in the completion of the system. Well the final
finding and result of this project is successful because the author is able to come up with the
sole aim of this project which is the development and implementation of online examination
system. More also, all the objectives of system as stated in the beginning of this project are also
achieved.

8.3 Lesson learnt

This particular section provides the overview of the lessons learnt by the author during the
development of the new system. However, this project development was quite challenging and
at the same time encouraging; this is due to the fact that it required lots of research and findings
of new skills, so this resulted in enhancing the authors research skills, analytical and critical
thinking. The following elaborate the lessons learnt;

Proper understanding of system development processes

Adequate knowledge in use of PHP and MYSQL was acquired.
Proper research skills was also acquired by the author.
Actual understanding of the online examination system development was another
crucial knowledge obtained by the author.
Improved skill in time management was also another thing achieved by the author.
Use of proper Harvard referencing style is another lesson learnt.
The right format for word documentation was also learnt.
The use of in-text citation is another crucial knowledge gained by the author

8.4 Problem encountered

The following highlights the problem encountered during the research and development of the
online examination system for Legenda College.

Time management is the first problem the author experience. Time management was
quite difficult issue for the author because the system is a complex one and at the same
time complicated to design. But with diligent and dedication the problem was
overcome.
During the requirement stage, it very difficult to find students that wiling to answer
and fill the questionnaires with complete honesty. Some of the student ignored the

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 questionnaire given to them by the author while some even refuse to collect the
questionnaire.
Some set dates to meet with the supervisor was not achieved because at the functions
needed to complete and show to the supervisor were not ready or completed on time,
so this lead to delay but missing were later rescheduled and all other thing went fine as
expected.
Lack of sound programming skill is another issue experience by the author. However,
the author is quite good in system interface but lack strong PHP programming skills;
this result to delay in the system implementation but is was completed before reaching
the system testing phase.
Some of the UML diagram were quite difficult for the author to design and some of the
crucial functions of the system were also every difficult to design but with right on
schedule everything was done perfectly well.

8.5 Future enhancements

The following additional features are suggested by the author for further improvement on the
developed system so as to always meet the ever changing demands of users.

Multiple language option: A multiple language such as Chinese or French should be inculcate
so as to allow foreign students from china or France to be able to the write the examination on
their own language

Automatic question generation: In the near future, questions should be able to be generated
automatically

Instant result email: This function should be provided in the future so that the student can be
able to receive their result on their email immediately the exam is over.

Support theory question: The system can be enhanced to support other question like the
theory question in the near future.

Download study material: In the near, the system should be able to allow users to download
study material

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Bibliography
Jacobsen, I and Booch, G (1999) the Unified Software Development Process, 2nd edition
London

Dennis, A, Wixom, H and teagarden, D (2005) System Architecture and Design Version 2.0,
An Object-Oriented Approach, 2nd edition, United States of America.

Bahrami A (1999). Object Oriented Systems Development Using the Unified Modeling
Language. Boston, MA: Irwin McGraw-Hill

Bernd, H and Allen, H.D. (2004).Object oriented software engineering using UML, patterns
and Java, 2nd edition, Pearson prentice hall, united states of America.

Dennis, A., And Haley, B. (2000): System Analysis and Design, 2nd edition. John Wiley and
Sons Inc, New York

Bocij, P., Chaffey, D., Greasly, A., and Hickie, S. (2006): Business Information System

Dennis. A, Wixom. B and Roth. R, (2010), System Analysis and Design, 4thed, USA:
John Wiley & Son.Inc.

Bruegge. B and Dutoit. A, (2010), Object Oriented Software Engineering, 3rd Ed, USA:
Pearson

Softwaretestingfundamentals.com. (2011). Test Plan | Software Testing Fundamentals.

[online] Available at: http://softwaretestingfundamentals.com/test-plan/ [Accessed 20 Apr.
2016].

http://searchsoftwarequality.techtarget.com/definition/user-acceptance-testing-UAT

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Websites
Programmer2programmer.net, (2015). Free final year project synopsis on Online Examination
System, PHP and MySQL. [Online] Available at:
http://www.programmer2programmer.net/live_projects/project_11/online_examination_syste
m_synopsis.aspx [Accessed 29 Sep. 2015].

123projectlab.com, (2012). Online Examination System. [Online] Available at:

http://123projectlab.com/13-online-examination-system/ [Accessed 23 Sep. 2015].

Member, R. (2015). Role of Online Examination, Important of Online Exams in Education.

[Online] Recruitmentforms.in. Available at: http://www.recruitmentforms.in/what-is-the-role-
of-online-exams-in-education.html [Accessed 22 Oct. 2015].

Www2.ed.gov, (2015). Archived: An Introduction to the Internet. [Online] Available at:

https://www2.ed.gov/pubs/OR/ConsumerGuides/internet.html [Accessed 9 Oct. 2015].

SearchNetworking, (2015). What is client/server (client/server model, client/server

architecture)? - Definition from WhatIs.com. [Online] Available at:
http://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/definition/client-server [Accessed 18 Oct. 2015].

Techopedia.com, (2015). What is a Two-Tier Client/Server? - Definition from Techopedia.

[Online] Available at: https://www.techopedia.com/definition/23846/two-tier-clientserver

[Accessed 21 Oct. 2015].

Beriwal, A. (2012). Unified Modeling Language: Online Examination - Use Case Diagram.
[Online] Umldiagramtutorial.blogspot.my. Available at:
http://umldiagramtutorial.blogspot.my/2012/02/online-examination-use-case-diagram.html

[Accessed 3 Nov. 2015].

Softwaretestingclass.com, (2015). What is Difference between Two-Tier and Three-Tier

Architecture? | Software Testing Class. [Online] Available at:
http://www.softwaretestingclass.com/what-is-difference-between-two-tier-and-three-tier-
architecture/ [Accessed 8 Nov. 2015].

Maurya, A. (2014). Online examination system. [Online] Slideshare.net. Available at:

http://www.slideshare.net/shaitaana1/online-examination-system-32350542 [Accessed 23
Nov. 2015].

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APPENDIX A Personal Development Plan (PDP)

A: 1 Introduction
According to (Bath.ac.uk, 2012) personal development plan is as a structured and supported
process undertaken by an individual to reflect upon their own learning, performance and
achievement and to plan for their educational, personal and career development. PDP helps
students to utilize the whole concept of reflection to enable keep track of the steps they take to
acquire knowledge and skills. It is also used to plan for long term or short-term educational and
career development and identifying the need for more skills and knowledge.

The personal development plan (PDP) will usually aid student to gain more than just a degree
because nowadays employers are not interested about the student academic performance but
they as want an evidence of soft skills and competencies. When student develop its personal
development plan, it will provide to such student with a self-reelection, growth and awareness.
The primary purpose of personal development plan is to assist individual like the author in
learning and developing a structured personal plan more effectively and to have the whole
ability to:

To learn in a broader diversity way

To encourage students to learn to develop themselves and plan for the future by
becoming what they wish for themselves.
To enhance performance in their current role and career pursuit.
To use personal knowledge to accomplished stated goals.
To identify and define training and learning needs.
To address anticipated changes in their current role, and define long term and short term
goals.
To reflect on and to take active plans to develop and improve personal skills in an
effective ways.
To recognize and be able to list down the evidence of learning as well as the progress.

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 A1.1 Personal Information
Table A.1 Personal Information

Name: Chime Nnanyelugo Jerry

Date of Birth: 16 September, 1986

Mobile No: +601137075434

Nationality: Nigerian

UEL ID: U1341533

Email Address: Jerryjay@rocketmail.com

Marital Status: Single

Spoken Language: English and Igbo (Native Language)

Contact Address: 16/36 ENDC quarters new haven Enugu state, Nigeria

Programme: B.sc (Hons) Business Information System

Project Title: Legenda Online Examination System

Module Title: Research And Implementation

Module Code: CN 3070

Module Leader: Mr Jayavardhana Velu

Project Supervisor: Mdm Vethaiyan Manimala

A1.2 Academic Records

Table A.2 Academic Records

INSTITUTION COURSE PERIOD Grade

University of East B.sc.(Hons) Business From September 2013 to First Class
London Information System April 2016 (expectation)
(expected to graduate)

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 Community Senior Secondary 2007 WEAC
Secondary School, Certificate Examination
Ndiagu Amechi
Community National Examination 2007 NECO
Secondary School, Council
Ndiagu Amechi
Uwani Boys Junior Secondary School 2004 Junior Secondary
Secondary School Certificate (WEAC) School Certificate
Enugu, Nigeria (WEAC)
Independence Primary School Leaving 1995 Primary School
Primary School Certificate Leaving Certificate
Enugu, Nigeria

A: 1.3 Hardware and Software Requirement for the Project

The table below highlights the hardware and software requirements for the proposed system in
terms of its specification and availability as well as solutions

Table A.3 Hardware requirements, specifications, availability and solutions

Hardware Specification Availability

Processor Intel core () i3 or higher Yes
Hard disk 500GB or higher Yes
Processor Speed 2.00GHz or higher Yes
System Type 64 bit Operating system Yes
Random Access 4.00 GB(2.86 GB usable or higher Yes
Memory (RAM)
Monitor Screen 14/1367*768 (recommended) or higher Ye
resolution
Modem Cable or ADSL/SDL(recommended Yes
CD ROM None Ye

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Table A1.4 Software requirements, specifications, availability and solutions
Software specification Descriptions Availability Solutions
Adobe CS5 It is a tool used for Yes
Dreamweaver designing the interface
which can as well be
used as PHP editor
IBM Rational Rose Enterprise UML modelling Tool Yes Free
Edition 2003 installing
from the web
Internet Web Version 11.0 To be Use to preview Yes
Browser (Mozilla the system
Firefox)
PhotoScape V3.6.4 Tools for creating slide Yes
shows
Antivirus Software Avast or Application to be used Yes Buy
Kaspersky to protect the system
Antivirus
Microsoft Office 2010 Tool for creating Gantt Yes
Project chart
Microsoft Word 2013 Use for documentation Yes
Operating system Windows 7 or Used to run the Yes
higher computer system
Wampserver 2.1 Tool for MySQL Yes
database. It supports
PHP.
PHP and JavaScript 5.5 version Used to connect to the Yes
server and to display
the interface in
browser

A1.5 Personal Evaluation using SWOT Analysis

It is one of the commonly analytical tools usually used by individual to reflect about itself. The
SWOT is an acronym for Strength, Weakness, Opportunities, and Threats). This SWOT

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analysis provides a structure for studying both internal and the external factors that can affect
an individual.

In personal self- assessment, The SWOT analysis is a useful tool used to evaluate;

Strength: Evaluate what you are good at

Weakness: Evaluate what you are weak at
Opportunities: The Opportunities after school
Threat: What are the possible barriers?

However, the SWOT analysis will aid me focus on my strengths, minimize the possible threats
and take the possible opportunities made available to me and also the focus area, priorities,
action plan and feedback from colleagues. Table A.5 below depicts my experiences that I have
reflected upon using SWOT analysis

Table A.5 SWOT, focus area, priorities, action plan and feedback by the author

Strength and Weakness

Strength Weakness
I am quick learner I have poor typing and computing skills
I have ability to learn fast Am very lazy especially during my
I have solid secondary education private time.
I am very friendly and tolerant I feel shy at times especially during my
I am very hardworking first encounter with someone
Good in setting goals and analyzing I sleep a lot a times due to my change of
issues environment
I have very high self esteem I am very hot tempered
In terms of soft skills am good at e.g. Am poor at handling stress
communication, teamwork, Not too good in some technical skills
management skills etc. Cannot proper work under pressure and
I am able to think on my feet. the outcome of work is very poor in such
I am very creative and innovative cases
Have profound skills in analyzing Am very slow in decision making
system and some programming Have a lot of addiction towards social
languages. networks

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 Opportunities and Threats
Opportunities Threats
Knowledge in doing research work Not graduating with a good result
Wider IT job prospects No special career training
Well booming economy Language barrier
Having opportunities in terms of Low career opportunities
enhancing my various skills that No long holidays
exhibit before Laziness
Provision of internship training for to Distraction from school mates
gain more technical knowledge Untimely death
Better earnings prospect Lack of finance to complete my studies
Free access to internet resources Low demand of system analyst
Learning current trends in computer No proper experience working in private
technology sector
Favorable IT industry trend
Provision of scholarship to help me
meet my financial needs

Focus Area To enhance my learning skills and

decision making
To acquire strong programming
language skills and other important
software
To improving my presentation skills and
to be more assertive
To do way with the addiction to social
networks
Conclusion ( Focus Area priorities) To have more self-confident
To overcome laziness
To be faster decision maker
To be more courageous at all time

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 To enhance my presentation skills
To learn all the necessary programming
languages
Action Plan I am well determined to do away with all my
weakness within a short period of time because
if I wait so long it will definitely affect my career
pursuit. So to this, I will develop a plan on how
to overcome all my aforementioned weaknesses
in a short period of time.

A1.6 The Current Technical and Software skills

The table highlights the technical and software skills exhibits by the author

Table A.6 Technical skills

Technical skills
Skills Self-Assessment Years of Last used
experience
Average Good Poor
Programming years Presently
languages:
PHP (Hypertext
processor)
JavaScript
ASP.net
1 year Currently
Databases:
Oracle
MySQL

3 years Currently
Computers

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Environment 3 years Currently
Windows 7
Windows 8

Table A.7 Action Plan to improve my Technical Skills (by Author)

Goals Action Plan Start Date Learning End Date Learning

To improve my To study book 07/20/2015 01/02/2016
knowledge and skills extensively and use the
on PHP, JavaScript internet tutorials and
and ASP.net class notes until I am
able to build my own
functioning system.
To improve and To study books and 04/12/2015 02/03/2016
expand my skills and tutorials until I become
knowledge towards well acquainted in
database technology creating a good database
system.

To improve my To make use of the 03/18/2014 12/12/2015

knowledge and skills language always until
on JavaScript can successfully a
meaningful and to
download e-books and
study it always in order
to enhance my
knowledge in the use of
JavaScript

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To enhance my I will always ensure that 06/08/2014 12/2/2016
knowledge in the use I study some of the
of MySQL server database system
textbooks made
available in our school
library in order to help
me improve on my
knowledge in regards to
MySQL server.
To enhance my I will endeavor to 07/12/2015 02/25/2016
presentation skill participate in any public
speaking outreach within
my country or during the
religious gathering of my
belief.
Table A.8 Software Skills

Software skills
Self-Assessment Years of Last used
experience
Average Good Poor
IBM Rational Rose 3 years Presently

3 year Currently
Microsoft Office
Softwares

2 years Currently
Adobe Dreamweaver

Adobe Photoshop 6 months Past

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 Web browsers:
Google Chrome,
Mozilla Firefox,
Internet Explorer

All the above mentioned software and technical skills are of great need in this project. First the
Author needs PHP knowledge in order to create a program for the proposed system and Adobe
Dreamweaver in order to use it to design and develop the system graphical user interface. Also
the Author needs MS word and project in order to use it and document the plan and draw a
project plan for the development of system. More also, the Author needs Rational Rose in order
to use it to dram all the UML diagrams for the proposed system. The Author needs the MySQL
server in order to help create the database system for the project.

A1.6 Current Soft Skills

This is one of the most sorted skills that employers now usually look out in a job seeker before
granting such person a job offer. It is also one of the skills we make use of in our daily lives.
The table below describes the author current soft skills that he possessed

Current Soft skills and their rating

Skills Self-Assessment
Description Average Good Poor
Communication skills Grammatical standard
( listening, reading ,
writing, speaking)
Problem solving skills Ability to solve problems

Writing skills Ability to write in concise manner

Time management skill Ability to manage time very well

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Leadership skill Ability to lead

Database skills Skill for using and implementing database

system

Programming skill Ability on coding to implement system

functionalities

Interface design Ability to design and implement good GUI

effectively
Documentation skill Ability to carry out documentation
effectively
Presentation skill Ability to communicate ideas to others
effectively
Table A.9 Current skills

A1.7 Knowledge Skills yet to posses

Networking skills
Programming languages: C++, ASP.net, JavaScript, Visual Basic.net
Database: Oracle and other necessary ones.

Table A.10 What the Author hope to learn and improve more on

Skills Current Rating Estimated Start Estimated End

Date Date
Average Good Poor
Programming 01/04/2014 01/01/2016
Language (PHP)
09/18/2015 12/19/2015
Oracle Server
08/20/2015 12/31/2015
Visual Basic and
JavaScript

Server: MySQL 02/20/2015 01/02/2016

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 Networking: (Cisco 12/12/2015 08/03/2016
Networking certified)

A1.8 Short Term and Long Term Goals

A1.8.1 Short Term Goals
The short term goals are mostly those goals that I want to achieve within a short period of time
usually in four to six months or probably more. So some of my short term goals are as follows:

To attend all my classes this semester

To finish my project before due data.
To acquire the basic skills needed to develop my proposed system.
To score a good grade in my project
To gain more knowledge in different programming languages
To improve my understanding in database technology
To have a 100% attendance record this semester.
To learn how to design a website with good user interface.
To further my education

A1.8.2 Long Term Goals

Long term goals are those goals that I want to achieve within a long period of time usually in
a year or thereabout. The long term goals always require planning and time, and it usually take
12 months or more to achieve. Below is the list of some of my long term goals:

To become a graduate within the next 8 months

To graduate with a first class (Hons) in my current field of study
To complete my degree without any outstanding course to complete.
To have my own business that am running
To enroll myself in Masters degree in Management Information System (MIS)
To secure myself a well-paying job
To have my own family
To become a qualified system analyst in the next 2 years to come
To become a millionaire
To enroll myself in the National Youth Service Corps (NYSC) program where I intend
to spend a maximum of 12 months serving my country.
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 To run for a senatorial seat in my countrys house of senate.
To enhance my communication skills

The author hopes to achieve all the aforementioned short and long term goals within this year
and coming years.

A1.9 Conclusion
In conclusion, this research work has me significantly in knowing my personal development
both personal and professionally. It has helped to awaken my acumen regarding the certain
steps I have to follows to achieve my aims in life. I have just learned a lot in regards to my
strength, weaknesses and opportunity in life. It has also helped to be aware of my long and
short term goals in and time timeframe to achieve my goals in pursuit of my academic dreams.
It have also enlighten me more regarding the necessary skills that need in order to fully develop
the proposed system.

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Appendix B Final Year Project Proposal
Final Year Undergraduate Project Report

Programme: Business Information System (BIS) Year 2015/2016

Semester: A Student UEL ID: U1341533

Title: Legenda College Online Examination System (LCOES)

Aim: To develop a system that would make evaluation and conduction of examination massive
but simple, cost effective and faster. To develop a system for students whereby exams/tests can
be created and conducted online so as to ensure that students needs not travel for long distances
so as to sit for their examinations and to check their results simultaneously.

Objectives
To identify and to determine the need for an online examination system.
To analyze the problem/issues associated with the current system.
To investigate the most appropriate tool for the development of the Legenda online
examination system.
To design interfaces of the legenda online examination system based on the
requirements.
To identify and utilized a suitable methodology for this system.
To design and implement suitable database system for the exam management of the
students.
To test the system to see if it meets the user needs.
To evaluate the tools, techniques, methods and requirements used to design and
implement the system for Legenda online examination system.

Project Scope
The scope of this project is very broad in terms of other manually taking exams. Few of them
are; this can be used in educational institution such as Legenda College or as well in other
corporate world. It can be used anywhere any time as it is a web based application (user location
doesnt matter). No restriction that examiner has to be present when the student take the exam.

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It is design to facilitate lecturers and user online examination is designed for educational
institutes like schools, colleges and private institutes to conduct logic tests of their student in
regular basis.

Problem statement
The problem with the current system is manual entry of up keeping of the details of the student
who are registered already. It is every difficult to the students from far distance to reach the
exam Centre. The current system requires to prepare registration/application form, question
paper for the students and required to print a lot of number manually which have attributed to
a lot time spent. In the current system, to calculate how many students registered, and
verification of details of these students in a month by hand is very difficult. This requires quite
a lot of time and wastage of money as it requires quite lot of manpower to do that. Another
factor that takes into account into the system is there is possibility of human errors when
registering and marking the student paper. Another problem with the current system is that it
is not all personalized. It cannot be used for personal and quick reference. Even the other staff
can make quick entries if the responsible person is not present. The new system is been
developed to eradicate these problems and help bring changes in the way exams are conducted
and evaluated. The new system will got many advantages. Students from different parts of the
world can register very easily. The new system is more personalized. It is made in such a
manner that all new users can understand all the options in it very easily. It is made in a quick
and easy referential manner. With the new system there will be no manual intervention in the
whole process of conducting examination.

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Appendix C Project Gantt chart
Project proposal

Chapter 1

Chapter 2

Chapter 3

Chapter 4

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Chapter 5

Chapter 6

Chapter 7

Chapter 8

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Appendix E Questionnaire Sample
Your personal details and responses will be kept confidential. Your help is highly appreciate.

Name
E-mail
Phone
Gender

The questionnaire(s) given below will give you an opportunity to give me your opinion on
online examination system and your suggestions on how to improve the current exam system.
Your response will help me understand what aspects of exam process or development you are
particularly concerned about, the aspects you appreciate more or otherwise. As much as
possible, reflect on every online exam experience you might have had while answering the
questions in the questionnaire. Please read each question and statement and tick your answer
to each question.

Hint: Please tick the best option that is applicable to you

Question 1: Demographic information

What is your

Age--------------------------------------------------------------
Gender------------------------------------------------------------
Course of Study-------------------------------------------------
School of--------------------------------------------------------

Question 2: Have you heard about online examination system before? Please indicate by
selecting any of the answer applicable to you.

Yes

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 No

Question 3: There is ongoing process in school to make provision of online examination

system for our semesters examinations and tests. Do you think that is a good idea? Please
indicated by selecting any of the answer applicable to you.

Yes
No
Neutral

Question 4: Do you have any experience taking online examination before? Please indicate by
selecting any of the answer applicable to you.

Yes
No

Question 5: If you have used an online examination system before, how well can you rate the
performance of the system? Please indicate by selecting any of the answer applicable to you.

Good
Fair
Very good
Poor
Excellent

Question 6: Indicate below how much convenient you would be with each of the following
aspects of online examination process.

Happy Very happy Neutral Unhappy Very unhappy

Student sitting
for exam
through online
Student taking
exam from the
comfort of
their home

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 Student
checking result
immediately
exam gets over

Lecturers
marking
question paper
online

Question 7: Which of the following is better?

Online examination system

Paper based examination system

Question 8: In your opinion, do you think that online examination is secured enough?

Yes
No

Question 9: Please indicate by ticking which of the following that applies to you. You can tick
more than one answers applicable to you.

I think online examination will encourage cheating.

I think online examination will be more stressful to student.
I am familiar with online examination system.
I think online examination will speed up the process of conducting exam and checking
results
I know how to make use of computer
I am worried that I may not recall my password when needed.

Question 10: Do you think that online examination system will totally replace the paper-based
examination system?

Yes
No
Not sure

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Question 11: Write any comment you have about this online examination system, please
indicate in the provided space below

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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Appendix G User Acceptance
USER ACCEPTANCE TESTING QUESTIONAIRE

Dear users,

The user acceptance testing for Legenda college online examination system is intended to
evaluate the user acceptance of the system. Based on the recent implementation, we would like
to know from you own perspective whether the system achieved its set up goals or not. Your
candid suggestions will help used to improve the system and your personal details and response
will be kept confidential.
Your help is appreciated.

Name
E-mail
Phone

Ratings Excellent Good Average Poor Very poor

Scale 5 4 3 2 1

1. How would you rate legenda college Examination System User interface?

(a)Excellent (b)Good (c) Average (d) Poor (e)Very poor

2. How would you rate the system navigation and links?

(a)Excellent (b)Good (c) Average (d) Poor (e)Very poor

3. How you rate the system flexibility and efficiency of use?

(a)Excellent (b)Good (c) Average (d) Poor (e)Very poor

4. How would you rate legenda online Examination System consistency and standard?

(a) Excellent (b) Good (c) Average (d) Poor (e) Very poor

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5. How would you rate the security of the new online examination system?

(a)Excellent (b)Good (c) Average (d) Poor (e)Very poor

6. How would you rate the systems visibility?

(a)Excellent (b)Good (c) Average (d) Poor (e)Very poor

7. How would you rate the system performance?

8. (a)Excellent (b)Good (c) Average (d) Poor (e)Very poor

9. Make a suitable suggestion

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Appendix H Log Sheets

Appendix I Turnit in

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