TYPICAL

CONSTRUCTION PHASES 5. Outside walls

a. Support floors and walls
Phase 1 Preliminary Design b. Resist lateral wind pressure
Project scope, plan, timeline c. Provide a satisfactory appearance
Permitting/Legal Requirements inside and out
Owner Plan Review d. Insulate against noise and heat
Design Revisions transmission
Project Specifications and Budget e. Keep moisture out
Phase 2 Design & Contract Completion 6. Partitions
Finalize Design a. Support floors and roofs
Material Selection (Fixtures, Floorings) b. Provide satisfactory appearance
Finalize Construction Drawings c. Insulate against noise transmission
7. Roof
Finalize Project Plan/Timeline
a. Keep moisture out
Finalize Contract
b. Support snow and other weights
Phase 3 Construction
c. Resist wind pressure and wind uplift
Coordinators of Subcontractors
d. Provide a satisfactory appearance
Maintenance of Budget Parameters
e. Insulate against noise and heat
Implementation of Change Orders
transmission
Coordination with Interior Design Team
Certificate of Occupancy MAJOR TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION
Contract Closure (including punch list)
1. Residential Housing Construction
The construction of a simple building requires a 2. Institutional and Commercial Building
selection of materials to perform the following tasks: Construction
3. Specialized Industrial Construction involves
1. Footing a very large scale projects with high degree of
a. Distribute of the weight of the technological complexity
building to the soil 4. Infrastructure and Heavy Construction
b. Resist cracking despite uneven soil include projects such as highways, mass
settlement transit system, tunnels, bridges, drainage
c. Resist corrosive attack from soil and systems and sewage treatments plants
water
2. Basement Floor Basic Occupancy Classification
a. Provide smooth surface
b. Resist wear Based on NSCP-2015
c. Resist cracking despite upward water 1. Essential Facilities
pressure or uneven soil settlement 2. Hazardous Facilities
d. Keep moisture out 3. Special Occupancy Structures buildings with
e. Resist corrosive attack from soil to an assembly room with an occupant capacity
water of 1,000 or more (educational buildings,
3. Basement Walls mental hospitals, jails, churches, mosques
a. Support the rest of the building etc.)
b. Resist lateral side pressure from the 4. Standard Occupancy Structures
earth 5. Miscellaneous Structures
c. Keep moisture out
d. Resist corrosive attack from soil to Based on National Building Code of the Philippines
water A. Residential: Dwellings
4. Other floors and ceilings B. Residential: Hotels and Apartments
a. Provide a smooth surface C. Education and Recreation
b. Resist wear D. Institutional
c. Support furniture and people without E. Business and Mercantile
sagging excessively or breaking F. Industrial
d. Provide a satisfactory appearance G. Storage and Hazardous
e. Clean easily H. Assembly Other Than Group I
f. Insulate against noise transmission I. Assembly Occupant Load 1000 or More
J. Accessory
Classification of Properties of Engineering Materials Classification Based on Ferrous Content

1. Physical Properties are those distinguishing I. Metallic materials possess properties of high
physical behaviour of a material electrical and conductivity, malleability,
a. Dimension, Shape ductility and luster.
b. Porosity/Void Content A. Ferrous Iron-based materials
c. Permeability 1. Steel
d. Moisture Content 2. Cast Iron
e. Specific Heat 3. Wrought Iron
f. Thermal Conductivity 4. Malleable Cast Iron
g. Coefficient of expansion B. Nonferrous all other materials
h. Texture 1. Copper
i. Color 2. Tin
j. Shape 3. Zinc
k. Refractive Index 4. Aluminium
l. Density of specific gravity 5. Magnesium
m. Electrical Resistivity 6. Titanium
2. Chemical Properties are characteristics of a II. Non-metallic Materials does not possesses
material that relate to its behaviour in metallic properties
chemical reactions 1. Wood
a. Oxide/Compound composition 2. Stone
b. Acidity/Alkalinity 3. Brick
c. Resistance to Corrosion/Weathering 4. Cement
3. Mechanical Properties measure the 5. Concrete
resistance of a material to applied loads or 6. Resins
forces. 7. Leather
a. Stress 8. Rubber
b. Strain 9. Ceramics
c. Plastic behaviour III. Metalloids have properties intermediate to
d. Toughness and Ductility the metals and non-metals
4. Physico-Chemical 1. Boron (B)
a. Water-absorptive or water-repellent 2. Aluminium (Al)
action 3. Silicon (Si)
b. Shrinkage and swell due to moisture 4. Germanium (Ge)
changes 5. Arsenic (As)
5. Thermal Properties 6. Antimony (Sb)
a. Specific heat 7. Tellurium (Te)
b. Expansion 8. Pelonium (Po)
c. Conductivity 9. Astatine (At)
6. Electrical and Magnetic
a. Conductivity
b. Magnetic permeability
c. Galvanic action
7. Acoustical
a. Sound transmission
b. Sound reflection
8. Optical
a. Color
b. Light transmission
c. Light reflection







CONCRETE BASICS Concrete Products
1. Architectural Concrete highlights design
Advantages of Concrete as Construction Material possibilities and discusses considerations for
When properly prepared, it acquires the selecting color and texture
properties of a stone 2. Autoclaved Cellular Concrete constructed in
It can be molded in any required shape Sweden
It is strong and durable and has a high 3. Concrete Masonry more cost-effective,
resistance to fire and penetration with water energy-efficient building product
Low maintenance 4. Controlled Low-Strength Material cement-
Strong in Compression based product often used as a backfill
Versatile appearance 5. High-Strength Concrete
Disadvantages of Concrete as Construction Material 6. Insulating Concrete Forms made a mark on
Low tensile strength the housing industry of North America
Requires construction and expansion joint 7. Concrete Pavement
8. Concrete Pipe provides water for people
Continued loading develops creep
and farmlands or carries away sewage and
Forms of Concrete drains land
9. Precast Concrete became more common
According to Reinforcement Used after World War II
1. Plain Concrete 10. Prestressed Concrete
2. Ordinary Reinforced Concrete 11. Ready Mixed Concrete
3. Prestressed Concrete 12. Roller-Compacted Concrete
13. Shotcrete a mortar or concrete that is
According to Types, sizes and Densities of Aggregate dispensed from a house onto a surface at a
1. Wood Fiber Concrete high velocity
2. Lightweight Concrete 14. Soil-cement product is often used as a
3. Normal weight Concrete paving base, mixing cement with compacted
4. Heavyweight Concrete soil
15. Tilt-Up Concrete a construction method
According to the Type of Binder Used where walls are cast in a horizontal position
1. Blended hydraulic cement concrete and then tilted into a vertical position and
2. Natural cement concrete moved into place with a mobile crane
3. Polymer cement concrete
4. Bituminous concrete

According to Behaviour to Applied Load
1. Flexible concrete tend to deform plastically
under heavy loads or when heated
2. Rigid Concrete made with Portland cement,
sand, stone and water
A. Nailable concrete
B. Insulating concrete
C. Heavyweight concrete
D. Lightweight concrete
E. Fiber Reinforced concrete
F. Air-entrained concrete