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intermediate horizontal and the adjoining vertical part of the Mullerian ducts and completes
by the 12th week. The cervix is developed from the fused lower vertical parts of the two
paramesonephric ducts. The lining epithelium and the glands of uterus and cervix develop
from the coelomic epithelium. The myometrium and the endometrial stroma develop from
The ovaries are the paired female sex glands concerned with germ cell maturation,
storage and its release and sex hormone synthesis. The ovary is covered by a single layer of
cubical cells called germinal epithelium. The outer cortex of the ovary consists of stromal
cells beneath the germinal epithelium. During reproductive period, the cortex is studded with
numerous functional units of ovary concerned with sex hormone production and ovulation in
different stages of their development. They include the primordial follicles, maturing
follicles, Graafian follicles and corpus luteum. Atresia of the follicles forms the corpus
albicans. The inner medulla consists of loose connective tissues, few smooth muscles, blood
The ovary is developed on either side from the genital ridge. The cortex and the
covering epithelium develop from the coelomic epithelium and medulla from the
mesenchyme. The germ cells migrate through the dorsal mesentery of the hindgut from the
endoderm of yolk sac into the genital ridge between 5-6 weeks of gestation by the action of a
peptidetelopheron. The germ cells undergo rapid mitotic division and some enter meiotic
division and are called primary oocytes. There are about 2 million primary oocytes at birth
and they do not finish the first meiotic division until puberty. At puberty, only around
4,00,000 primary oocytes are left behind in the ovaries, and the rest become atretic. Of these,
only around 400 are likely to ovulate during the entire reproductive period of a woman.