DR B R AMBEDKAR NATIONAL OF TECHNOLOGY JALANDHAR-144011, INDIA

DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL AND PRODUCTION ENGINEERING

IVTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PRODUCTION AND INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING, CPIE-2016

DEVELOPMENTS IN HYBRID ABRASIVE FLOW MACHINING

PROCESS WITH VARIOUS TECHNIQUES
Ramandeep Singh1, R.S. Walia2, N.M. Suri3
1
Department of Mechanical Engineering, DAV University, Jalandhar,
ramandeep_1975@rediffmail.com
2
Department of Mechanical Engineering, DTU, Delhi.
3
Department of Industrial and Production Engineering, PEC University of Technology,
Chandigarh
ABSTRACT
Abrasive flow machining (AFM) is a manufacturing technique that uses the flow of a pressurized
abrasive media, which is passed back and forth in the passage geometry of work-piece to remove
material. This technique uses a self-deforming tool in which material is removed by abrasion
generating a fine surface in the area of restricted flow. In comparison with other polishing
technique, AFM is very efficient, suitable for the finishing of complex inner surfaces. However,
low material removal rate happens to be one serious limitation of the processes. As the time
advances, to increase the productivity and improve the surface finish, different researchers have
hybridized AFM process with other techniques. This article provides a comprehensive review of
recent developments in the field of hybrid abrasive flow machining processes.
Keywords: Abrasive Flow Machining (AFM), Orbital AFM, UFA, MAAFM, MRAFF,
CFAAFM, ECAFM, DBG-AFM, R-AFF, HLX-AFM, R-MRAFF, Spiral Polishing Method

1. INTRODUCTION
AFM process has a greater potential of being used to deburr, radius, polish and remove recast
layer of component. With the use of AFM, excellent surface finishes and close geometric
tolerances can be attained economically. The media in the AFM process is used to polish
difficult-to-reach areas, and to follow complex geometries and microholes. The media consists of
a type of polymeric carrier and abrasive particles that are SiC, Al2O3, diamond, etc. (Rhoades,
1987; Loveless et al, 1994). But limited efforts have been done towards enhancing the
productivity of AFM process with look upon to superior quality of work piece surface (Jain and
Jain,1999). In order to meet the challenges of high surface quality and tolerance requirements,
often coupled with high production rates of parts having complex shapes and contours (Dubey et
al, 2008) and for the finishing of hard materials (Kim and Choi, 1997; Yan et al, 2003), the
concept of hybrid machining (HMP) is currently gaining attention

2. HYBRID MACHINING PROCESS

With the aim of achieving better performance of the modern machining processes. The
underlying principle of hybrid-machining process is to club the advantages and avoid or reduce
the adverse effects (if any) of the constituent processes (Walia, 2006).
Towards the development of Hybrid AFM processes, researchers have successfully integrated
AFM with a number of non-conventional machining processes or clubbed additional energy
sources with it to achieve the higher material removal and to produce better polished surfaces in
a faster way (using less number of fast extrusion cycles). Kozak and Rajurkar (2000) quoted
that a hybrid approach where two or more material removal processes act simultaneously offers
more scope, if not to enable a single cut from solid, then as a means to increase productivity in
completion of an semi finishing or finishing task. Typically such approaches involve the
combination of different physiochemical actions.

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 DR B R AMBEDKAR NATIONAL OF TECHNOLOGY JALANDHAR-144011, INDIA
DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL AND PRODUCTION ENGINEERING
IVTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PRODUCTION AND INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING, CPIE-2016

There are generally two categories of hybrid machining processes:

Processes in which all constituents processes are directly involved in the material removal
and surface finish.
Processes in which only one of the participating processes directly removes the material and
improves the surface finish while the others only assist in removal/finishing by changing the
conditions of machining in a positive direction from the point of view of improving
capabilities of machining
In both of these categories thermal, chemical, electro-chemical and mechanical interactions
occur. In the direction of efficiency enhancement of AFM, cross-process innovations or hybrid
technology can possibly be a viable and feasible approach as the process has low material
removal rate (Walia et al, 2006)
2.1 Orbital Flow Machining
Another hybrid machining process is the Orbital Flow Machining process, which utilizes the
combination of flow and orbital motion obtained by introducing mechanical vibrations improves
the surface finish to 20 to 30 times the smoother the original by Gilmore (1997) and Rhoades
(1998). Under high pressure, the media creates a three-dimensional grinding stone with a mirror
image of the work piece. Average surface roughness can be reduced to 0.01m or lower. This
method produces very high surface finish in the three dimensional products.
Figure 1. Orbital Flow Machining (Gilmore, 1997)

2.2 Ultrasonic Flow Polishing (UFP)

Ultrasonic Flow Polishing (UFP) (Jones and Hull, 1995; Jones and Hull, 1998) is the
combination of AFM and USM. The combination of flow and vibration resulted in the more
effective abrading of work-piece and surface finish also improved. This is suitable for closed
dies.
Figure 2. Ultrasonic Flow Polishing (UFP) (Jones and Hull, 1995)

USM

AFM

UFP

2.3 Magnetic Assisted Abrasive Flow Machining (MAAFM)

Singh S. (2002) along with Shan and Kumar did the pioneering work in this regard. They made
successful attempts by mixing the ferromagnetic abrasive particles with the polymer base and
applying the magnetic field around the work-piece to improve surface roughness and material
removal rate, leading to the development of Magnetic Assisted Abrasive Flow Machining

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 DR B R AMBEDKAR NATIONAL OF TECHNOLOGY JALANDHAR-144011, INDIA
DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL AND PRODUCTION ENGINEERING
IVTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PRODUCTION AND INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING, CPIE-2016

(MAAFM) (Singh et al, 2001; Singh and Shan, 2002). They concluded that the effect of
magnetic field is observed only on non-ferromagnetic work materials. The investigations showed
that under the effect of magnetic field, brass work-piece experiences more abrasion as compared
to aluminium work-piece. Further it was observed that the magnetic field does not appreciably
improve surface roughness of aluminium work-pieces while significant improvement was
observed in case of brass specimens.
2.4 Magnetorheological Abrasive Flow Finishing (MRAFF)
Jha and Jain (2004) developed a new precision finishing process, Magnetorheological Abrasive
Flow Finishing (MRAFF), by combination of abrasive flow machining (AFM) and
magnetorheological finishing (MRF), for complex internal geometries.
MRAFF process provides better control over rheological properties of abrasive laden.
Magnetorheological (MR) polishing fluid comprises of carbonyl iron powder and silicon carbide
abrasives dispersed in the viscoplastic base of grease and mineral oil; it exhibits change in
rheological behaviour in presence of external magnetic field. This smart behaviour of MR-
polishing fluid is utilized to precisely control the finishing forces, hence final surface finish. The
role of magnetic field strength in MRAFF process is clearly distinguished, as at zero magnetic
field conditions no improvement in surface finish is observed, and the improvement is significant
at high magnetic field strength (Das et al, 2008).
Figure 3. Magnetic Assisted Abrasive Flow Machining (MAAFM)(Singh, 2002)

1. Upper Media Cylinder and Flange, 2. DC Electromagnet 3. Lower Media Cylinder and Flange,
4. Workpiece, 5. Upper Fixture Plate, 6. Lower Fixture Plate, 7. Magnetic Abbrasive Particles
Figure 4. Magnetorheological Abrasive Flow Finishing (MRAFF) (Jha and Jain, 2004)

MRAFF is a process whose fluid flow properties can be controlled by altering the magnetic field
for the hard or soft materials as per the requirement.
2.5 Centrifugal Force Assisted AFM (CFAAFM)
Walia et al (2006) developed this new Hybrid AFM process. The application of centrifugal force
(by using rotating rectangular rod inside the hollow workiece) had been explored for the
productivity enhancement of the process. Walia et al (2006)a optimized this process by using

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 DR B R AMBEDKAR NATIONAL OF TECHNOLOGY JALANDHAR-144011, INDIA
DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL AND PRODUCTION ENGINEERING
IVTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PRODUCTION AND INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING, CPIE-2016

Taguchi Method, developed FEM model (Walia et al, 2006b), used Utility concept to multi-
response optimization of CFAAFM (Walia et al, 2006c), developed analytical model (Walia et
al, 2009), improved the fixturing for the provision of rotating rod inside the hollow cylindrical
work-piece (Walia et al, 2009b). It has been reported that centrifugal force enhances the material
removal (MR) and improves the surface finish and scatter of surface roughness (SSR) value in
AFM leading to the development of Centrifugal Force assisted AFM (CFAAM) (Walia et al,
2008).
The application of centrifugal force (by using rotating rectangular rod inside the hollow work
piece) had been explored for the productivity enhancement of the process by Walia et al, 2009a)
Centrifugal Force assisted Abrasive Flow Machining (CFAAFM) which involves increasing the
pressure on the abrasive particles in the media while they contact the surface of work piece
during processing. This has been achieved by providing a centrifugal force generating (CFG) rod
with rotational mechanism in the AFM setup that helps the media to simultaneously rotate at a
speed while being axially pushed. The rotation of rod causes a centrifugal force to act on the
media, which in turn increases media contact quality. The modified process has been termed as
Centrifugal Force assisted Abrasive Flow Machining (CFAAFM). This new process also helps to
increase the reduction ration ratio for a given work piece geometry compared to conventional
AFM process. It has been reported that centrifugal force enhances the material removal (MR)
and improves the scatter of surface roughness of work piece processed by AFM process.
Figure 5. Centrifugal Force assisted Abrasive Flow Machining (CFAAFM) (Walia, 2006)

1. Piston; 2.Abrasive media; 3. Sleeve; 4. Fixture; 5. Rotating CFG rod; 6. Workpiece; 7.

Rotating Attachment; 8. Bearing; 9. Idler Gear; 11 Sealing; 12 Media Cylinder
Walia et al. done the XRD analysis and optical micrographs of test specimens, which shows that
CFAAFM process does not affect the surface micro-layer during processing under any of the
conditions used (Walia et al, 2008a). They also concluded that there is increase in surface micro
hardness and compressive residual stress of work-piece due to throw of abrasive particles upon
specimen surface.
Reddy et al. studied the effect of key parameters on the performance of the process through
response surface methodology (RSM) (Reddy et al, 2008). Relationships were developed for
material removal and percentage improvement in surface finish of cast 2014 Al alloy cylindrical
components. It was observed that the combination of a high extrusion pressure and a higher
speed of the centrifugal force generating (CFG) rod is more favourable to obtain a higher degree

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 DR B R AMBEDKAR NATIONAL OF TECHNOLOGY JALANDHAR-144011, INDIA
DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL AND PRODUCTION ENGINEERING
IVTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PRODUCTION AND INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING, CPIE-2016

of surface finish, while the combination of a larger grain size and a higher speed of the CFG rod
causes higher material removal.

2.6 Electro-Chemical Aided AFM (ECAFM)

Dabrowski et al (2006) experimented with the Electrochemically Assisted Abrasive Flow
Machining (ECAFM) using polypropylene glycol PPG with NaI salt share and the ethylene
glycol PEG with KSCN salt share. The abrasive properties of the electrolytes have been
enhanced by adding the Al2O3 and SiC grains. Voltage was varied from 15 V to 50 V and at 15V
with KSCN salt the larger material removal is observed. Application of potassium thiocyanate
(KSCN), with voltage 50 V, caused change of roughness of flat surfaces from Ra = 0.81 m to Ra
= 0.57 m. They further reported that the ion conductivity of electrolytes is many times lower
than the conductivity of electrolytes employed in ordinary electrochemical machining (ECM).
Additions of inorganic fillers to electrolytes in the form of abrasives decrease conductivity even
more. These considerations explain why the inter-electrode gap through which the polymeric
electrolyte is forced should be small. This in turn results in greater flow resistance of polymeric
electrolyte, which takes the form of a semi-liquid paste.
El-Taweel (2008) integrates the electrochemical turning (ECT) process and magnetic abrasive
finishing (MAF) to produce a combined process that improves the material removal rate (MRR)
and reduces surface roughness (SR). He developed comprehensive mathematical models based
on response surface methodology (RSM) for correlating the interactive and higher-order
influences of major machining parameters, i.e. magnetic flux density, applied voltage, tool feed
rate and workpiece rotational speed on MRR and SR of 6061 Al/Al2O3 (10% wt) composite. He
confirms the validity and correctness of the established mathematical models for in-depth
analysis of the effects of hybrid ECT- MAF process parameters on metal removal rate and
surface roughness through test results. The results demonstrate that assisting ECT with MAF
leads to an increase machining efficiency and resultant surface quality significantly, as compared
to that achieved with the traditional ECT of some 147.6% and 33%, respectively
Figure 6. Electrochemically Assisted Abrasive Flow Machining (Dabrowski et al, 2006)

Brar et al (2012) experimented with the electro-chemical aided abrasive flow machining
(ECA2FM) using NaI salt-abrasive laden medium with an axially held cylindrical electric rod as
the cathode, whereas the conductive material work-piece as anode. They found that the abrasion
of the material is intensified due to the cooperation of electro-chemical dissolution and the
material removal goes on increasing with the increase in applied voltage.
2.7 Electrically Controlled Polishing
Akagami and Umehara (2006) developed an electrically controlled polishing process. A
dispersion type functional fluid and AC electric field was used to control the distribution of

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 DR B R AMBEDKAR NATIONAL OF TECHNOLOGY JALANDHAR-144011, INDIA
DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL AND PRODUCTION ENGINEERING
IVTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PRODUCTION AND INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING, CPIE-2016

abrasives in free-abrasive polishing and to improve surface roughness and finishing time. A
conductive cement carbide plate was polished under AC electric field gradient of 2 kV/mm and
0.8 Hz frequency, using a mono-pole electrode. It reduced the surface finish of part from 0.65
micron Ra to 0.02 micron Ra in 5 min. For a non-conductive borosilicate glass plate, a multi-
layered concentric electrode was used and the surface roughness decreased from 13.5 nm Ra to
7.5 nm Ra in 3.5 min.
2.8 Drill Bit-Guided Abrasive Flow Finishing (DBG-AFF) Process
To improve surface texture by abrasive flow finishing (AFF) process, drill bit guided (DBG)
AFF process has been proposed (Sankar et al, 2009). The major difference between AFF and
DBG-AFF machines is in its tooling. In DBG-AFF process a drill bit is placed in the media flow
path, for the simultaneous rotation of abrasives laden media and observed better results due to a
combination of abrasives laden media flows leading to better mixings of media and thus more
number of active grains. The inner part of medium slug flows along the helical flute which
creates random motion among the abrasives in inner region of the medium. This causes
reshuffling of abrasive particles at outer region. Hence, comparatively more number of new and
fresh abrasive grains interacts with the work-piece surface. It results in higher finishing rate in
DBG-AFF as compared to AFM. The abrasive intermixing depends not only on the medium self-
deformability but also on the pressure from the drill bit being exerted on the medium
(reciprocating axial flow, flow along the flute, and scooping flowall the three flows take place
at the same time). It has also found that material removal decrease with decrease in drill bit
diameter.
Due to the combination of different modes of flow, the work-piece (AISI 4340)abrasive contact
length is no longer a straight line, rather it becomes inclined. Hence, the number of peaks that
can be sheared off in a single cycle increases, leading to higher material removal rate hence
finishing rate also (Jain, 2009).
Figure 7. Drill Bit Guided (DBG) AFF (Sankar et al, 2009)

Incorporation of rotating rod and further improvement of rotating drill bit lead to the
development of centrifugal forces in the media. Thus more material is removed from the work-
piece surface and surface finish is also better.
2.9 Rotational Abrasive Flow Finishing (R-AFF)
Sankar et al, (2009)a made an effort towards improving the performance of AFF process by
externally rotated tooling and the reciprocation of medium with the help of hydraulic actuators
(R-AFF). The experiments were conducted on Al alloy and Al alloy/SiC metal matrix
composites (MMCs). They found that as the number of cycles increases, Ra increases. Ra also
increases as extrusion pressure and processing oil content increase till 6.5MPa and 10%,
respectively, and then start decreasing gradually. Among three workpiece materials, better Ra is
achieved on Al alloy/SiC (10%) MMC. The experimental study reported that R-AFF can produce

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 DR B R AMBEDKAR NATIONAL OF TECHNOLOGY JALANDHAR-144011, INDIA
DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL AND PRODUCTION ENGINEERING
IVTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PRODUCTION AND INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING, CPIE-2016

44% better Ra and 81.8% more MR compared to AFF process. They proposed the mechanism
of material removal of matrix and reinforcement in MMC (Sankar et al, 2010).
The scientific logic behind finishing mechanism of matrix and reinforcement, cross hatch
patterns, helical path directions, micro-scratch (-scratch) width and depth variation with size,
orientation and support that active abrasive grain obtains from neighboring abrasives was derived
from scanning electron microscopy micrographs. The developed mathematical model to
calculate helix angle and helical path length in finishing region shows a good concurrence with
the experimental helix angle and helical path length (within 82.5% accuracy). They also
observer, as the work-piece rotational speed increases, the experimental helix angle gradually
decreases and helical finishing path length steadily increases. As a result, %Ra increases with a
decrease in helix angle (Rajesha et al, 2010).
Figure 8. Rotational Abrasive Flow Finishing (R-AFF) (Sankar et al, 2009)

R-AFF generates micro cross hatch pattern on the finished surface that can improve lubricant
holding capabilities.
2.10 Helical AFM (HLX-AFM) Process
Sharma (2011) developed a helical-AFM setup with the use of a stationary-coaxially held drill-
bit of two start. The drill bit is held axially inside the cylindrical surface to be machined. As the
media extrudes through the recess it follows the helical path and a combination of axial, radial,
centrifugal forces leads to improved surface finish and more material removal. He observed that
material removal increased by a factor of 2.66 over the basic AFM process, along with a
maximum percentage improvement in surface roughness of 74.69%. The increase in efficiency is
due to increase in active grain density due to a combination of flows as well as due to increased
cutting forces on the active abrasive grains. Singh P. further improved the performance of HLX-
AFM by using different helical profiles namely, drill bit of three starts and a spline (Singh,
2011). More improvement in surface roughness of 61.4% was observed for three-strat helical
profile with no effect on material removal (means no extra machining effort).
Figure 9. Helical Abrasive Flow Machining Process (HLX-AFM) (Sharma, 2011)

Kumar (2012) employed HLX-AFM process for the processing of different work-piece materials
namely mild steel, brass and aluminium. More material removal was observed in brass than the
mild steel work-pieces and so is the percentage improvement in surface roughness. Although,

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 DR B R AMBEDKAR NATIONAL OF TECHNOLOGY JALANDHAR-144011, INDIA
DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL AND PRODUCTION ENGINEERING
IVTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PRODUCTION AND INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING, CPIE-2016

aluminium is soft and more volumetric material removal takes place (highest percentage
improvement in surface roughness was reported), but low material removal (in mg) was reported
due to the low density of aluminium. Again the three-start profile is the most effective among the
selected profiles in improving the surface roughness. Wang et al. developed a mechanism with a
four helices passageway to perform multiple flowing paths of abrasive media, whose flowing
behaviour enhanced polishing effectiveness and uniformity of the surface finish by increasing the
abrasive surface area and radial shear forces (Wang et al, 2012).
Brar et al (2012)a uses the Helical Abrasive Flow Machining Process (HLX-AFM) for the
finishing of internal cylindrical surfaces. An improvement in the material removal and surface
finish has been observed with the use of a coaxially fixed helical twist drill bit during the
abrasive flow machining process. This simple process modification significantly enhances the
process performance in comparison to the basic AFM process.
2.11 Rotational-Magnetorheological Abrasive Flow Finishing (R-MRAFF) Process
Das et al (2012) proposed a new finishing process Rotational-Magnetorheological Abrasive Flow
Finishing (R-MRAFF) to enhance the performance of MRAFF process (Jah et al, 2007). In this
process, a rotation cum reciprocating motion is provided to the polishing medium by a rotating
magnetic field and hydraulic unit. By intelligently controlling these two motions, a uniform
smooth mirror-like finished surface with improved material removal rate and finishing rate
(nanometer per cycle) is achieved for both stainless steel and brass work-pieces. They found that
R-MRAFF process produces better results than MRAFF. They also observed that the abrasive
cutting marks generate cross-hatch pattern on the surface finished by R-MRAFF process.
They found that the combinations of rotational speed of the magnet and its square term together
have the highest contribution to the percentage improvement in surface roughness. Other
significant parameters in the order of decreasing percent contribution to the change in surface
roughness value are finishing cycles, extrusion pressure, and fluid composition. They also found
that the best surface finish obtained on stainless steel and brass work-pieces with R-MRAFF
process as 110 and 50 nm, respectively.
Figure 10. R-MRAFF process (Das et al, 2012)

2.12 Spiral Polishing Method

In this method, a spiral fluted screw is placed at the centre of the hole in work-piece. The screw
is rotated using the external energy source. The rotational motion of the screw lifts the medium
from the lower media cylinder to the upper media cylinder there by finish the work-piece. This
process shows the good results for high-viscosity media only. In case of low-viscosity media, the

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 DR B R AMBEDKAR NATIONAL OF TECHNOLOGY JALANDHAR-144011, INDIA
DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL AND PRODUCTION ENGINEERING
IVTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PRODUCTION AND INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING, CPIE-2016

media cannot be scooped up and down as a lump. Yan et al (2007) applied the spiral polishing
method via a micro lapping generated surface by transmission of an abrasive medium through a
screw rod and they obtain a fine polished surface by removing tiny fragments. They also found
that this method is not dependent on the size of the work-piece's application area in order to carry
out the process. Chen et al (2010) studied the spiral polishing mechanism in polishing the inner
wall of stainless bore with the mixture grinding material of silicon carbide and polystyrene. The
delicate polishing process is verified to be more efficient, cost-saving, and environment friendly
than traditional processes. Their result suggest that with the increase of time, the fluidity and
stickiness of the abrasive medium improve, resulting in a finer polished surface within delicate
spiral polishing process. Their test results show an 82.44% improvement in surface roughness.
Chen and Yan (2012) employed a turning screw rod to drive the SiC and the steel grits. They
imparted magnet field around the work-piece to drive the steel grits and SiC abrasives and then
achieved the surfaces polishing effects. The results showed that the best polishing surface was
found when the magnet of magnetic flux density was controlled at 90mT, particle size at 12m,
110g of SiC grams, 60 grams of polystyrene balls, silcon oil at 1000 mm2/s viscosity, and the
screw revolution speed at 3500 rpm. The surface roughness was successfully improved from
0.9m to 0.134m.
3. Conclusions
On through analysis of the available work on Abrasive Flow Machining and its hybridization
with other non-traditional machining methods, the following conclusions have been made.
Sufficient efforts are needed to be undertaken for the improvement of AFM process
efficiency/productivity in terms of more material removal and surface finish.
More efforts needed for the optimization of process parameters from the component
quality point of view.
There are confliction opinions from the various researchers regarding the effect of some
of the variables on the response parameters.
Limitation of the traditional process to correct the form geometry is not possible with the
existing processes, requiring the development of new processes.
Hybridization of AFM has been tried for combining two or more but for some processes
this work has not been carried forward or explored further.
More, Hybrid AFM processes can be developed by using abrasives laden media which
have controllable rheology.
Still for some typical applications like, functional surface generation, form-corrections,
finishing of hard alloys or handling of delicate work-pieces, the various Hybrid AFM
processes have been found to be too sluggish and tiresome
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 DR B R AMBEDKAR NATIONAL OF TECHNOLOGY JALANDHAR-144011, INDIA
DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL AND PRODUCTION ENGINEERING
IVTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PRODUCTION AND INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING, CPIE-2016

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Singh S, Shan H S (2002), Development of magneto abrasive flow machining process International Journal of
Machine Tools Manufacturing, 42, 953959.
Singh S, Shan H S, Kumar P (2002), Parametric optimization of magnetic-field-assisted abrasive flow machining
by the Taguchi method Qual. Reliab. Engg. Int., 18, 273-283.
Singh S (2002), Studies in metal finishing with magnetically assisted abrasive flow machining. PhD thesis, IIT
Roorkee

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 DR B R AMBEDKAR NATIONAL OF TECHNOLOGY JALANDHAR-144011, INDIA
DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL AND PRODUCTION ENGINEERING
IVTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PRODUCTION AND INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING, CPIE-2016

Singh P (2011), Experimental Investigation in Helical Abrasive flow machining. ME Thesis, PEC University of
Technology, Chandigarh.
Walia R S, Shan H S, Kumar P (2006), Abrasive flow machining with additional centrifugal force applied to the
media Machining Science and Technology an International Journal, 10, 341-354.
Walia R S, Shan H S, Kumar P (2006)a, Parametric optimization of centrifugal force assisted abrasive flow
machining (CFAAFM) By the Taguchi Method Journal of Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 21(4),
375-382.
Walia R S, Shan H S, Kumar P (2006)b, Finite element analysis of media used in centrifugal force assisted abrasive
flow machining (CFAAFM) process Journal of Engineering Manufacture, 220(11), 1775-1785.
Walia R S, Shan H S, Kumar P (2006)c, Multi-response optimization of centrifugal force assisted abrasive flow
machining (CFAAFM) process through Taguchi method and Utility Concept Journal of Materials and
Manufacturing Processes, 21, 907-914.
Walia R S (2006), Development and Investigations in Centrifugal Force Assisted Abrasive Flow Machining
Process. Ph.D. Thesis, IIT, Roorkee.
Walia R S, Shan H S, Kumar P (2008), Determining dynamically active abrasive particles in the media used in
centrifugal force assisted abrasive flow machining process International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing
Technology, 38(11-12), 1157-1164.
Walia R S, Shan H S, Kumar P (2008)a, Morphology and integrity of surfaces finished by centrifugal force assisted
abrasive flow machining International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 39(11-12),1171-1179.
Walia R S, Shan H S, Kumar P (2009), Modeling of centrifugal force assisted abrasive flow machining.
Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering,
223(4), 195-204
Walia R S, Shan H S, Kumar P (2009)a, Optimization of finishing conditions in centrifugal force assisted abrasive
flow machining using Taguchi method International Journal of Manufacturing Technology and Management,
18(1), 7993.
Walia R S, Shan H S, Kumar P (2009)b, Enhancing AFM process productivity through improved fixturing
International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 44, 700-709.
Wang A-C, Cheng K-C, Chen K-Y, Chou S-H (2012), A Study of Surface Uniformity for Helical Passageways in
Abrasive Flow Machining Przegld Elektrotechniczny, (ISSN 0033-2097), 13-16.
Yan B H, Tzeng H J, Huang F Y, Lin Y C, Chow H M (2007), Finishing effects of spiral polishing method on
micro lapping surface International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, 47(6), 920926.

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