This file is licensed to Abdual Hadi Nema (ahaddi58@yahoo.com).
License Date: 6/1/2010
ASHRAE Research: Improving the Quality of Life
The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-
Conditioning Engineers is the worlds foremost technical society in
the fields of heating, ventilation, air conditioning, and refrigeration.
Its members worldwide are individuals who share ideas, identify
needs, support research, and write the industrys standards for test-
ing and practice. The result is that engineers are better able to keep
indoor environments safe and productive while protecting and pre-
serving the outdoors for generations to come.
One of the ways that ASHRAE supports its members and indus-
trys need for information is through ASHRAE Research. Thou-
sands of individuals and companies support ASHRAE Research
Preface
The 2010 ASHRAE HandbookRefrigeration covers the refrig-
eration equipment and systems for applications other than human
comfort. This book includes information on cooling, freezing, and
storing food; industrial applications of refrigeration; and low-tem-
perature refrigeration. Primarily a reference for the practicing engi-
neer, this volume is also useful for anyone involved in cooling and
storage of food products.
Licensed for single user. 2010 ASHRAE, Inc.
An accompanying CD-ROM contains all the volumes chapters
in both I-P and SI units.
This edition includes two new chapters:
Chapter 3, Carbon Dioxide Refrigeration Systems, describes the
history of this natural refrigerant and why it is the subject of
renewed interest today. The chapter contains discussion and dia-
grams on CO2 refrigerant applications, system design, equip-
ment, safety, lubricants, commissioning, operation, and
maintenance.
Chapter 50, Terminology of Refrigeration, lists some of the com-
mon terms used in industrial refrigeration systems, particularly
systems using ammonia as the refrigerant.
Also new for this volume, chapter titles, order, and groupings
have been revised for more logical flow and use. Some of the other
revisions and additions are as follows:
Chapter 2, Ammonia Refrigeration Systems, has added guidance
on avoiding hydraulic shock, on purging water and noncondens-
ables, as well as on hot-gas defrost and defrost control.
Chapter 6, Refrigerant System Chemistry, has added information
on polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricants and corrosion, plus updates
for recent ASHRAE research on copper plating and material com-
patibility.
Chapter 8, Equipment and System Dehydrating, Charging, and
Testing, has new table data on dehydration and moisture-measuring
methods and a revised section on performance testing.
Chapter 9, Refrigerant Containment, Recovery, Recycling, and
Reclamation, has added a new table comparing sensitivities of
various leak-detection methods and a procedure for receiver level
monitoring.
Chapter 11, Refrigerant-Control Devices, has updated informa-
tion on electric expansion valves and discharge bypass valves,
Copyright 2010, ASHRAE
annually, enabling ASHRAE to report new data about material
properties and building physics and to promote the application of
innovative technologies.
Chapters in the ASHRAE Handbook are updated through the
experience of members of ASHRAE Technical Committees and
through results of ASHRAE Research reported at ASHRAE confer-
ences and published in ASHRAE special publications and in
ASHRAE Transactions.
For information about ASHRAE Research or to become a mem-
ber, contact ASHRAE, 1791 Tullie Circle, Atlanta, GA 30329; tele-
phone: 404-636-8400; www.ashrae.org.
plus revised figures on thermostatic expansion valves (TXVs) and
several revised examples.
Chapter 12, Lubricants in Refrigerant Systems, has new content
on pressure/viscosity coefficients, compressibility factors, and
lubricants effects on system performance.
Chapter 17, Household Refrigerators and Freezers, has been reor-
ganized and updated for revised standards and new component
technologies, including variable-speed and linear compressors,
and has information on new configurations and functions, such as
wine cooling units, rapid-chill/freeze/thaw, and odor elimination.
The section on performance evaluation has been revised and inte-
grated with the section on standards.
Chapter 25, Cargo Containers, Rail Cars, Trailers, and Trucks, has
been updated with information on multitemperature compart-
ments and air curtains.
Chapter 38, Fruit Juice Concentrates and Chilled Juice Products,
has added description of storage tank sterilization.
Chapter 44, Ice Rinks, has extensive changes to the section on
heat recovery and updated loads information based on ASHRAE
research project RP-1289.
This volume is published, both as a bound print volume and in
electronic format on a CD-ROM, in two editions: one using inch-
pound (I-P) units of measurement, the other using the International
System of Units (SI).
Corrections to the 2007, 2008, and 2009 Handbook volumes can
be found on the ASHRAE Web site at http://www.ashrae.org and in
the Additions and Corrections section of this volume. Corrections
for this volume will be listed in subsequent volumes and on the
ASHRAE Web site.
Reader comments are enthusiastically invited. To suggest
improvements for a chapter, please comment using the form on
the ASHRAE Web site or write to Handbook Editor, ASHRAE,
1791 Tullie Circle, Atlanta, GA 30329, or fax 678-539-2187, or e-
mail mowen@ashrae.org.
Mark S. Owen
Editor