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COMPARISON OF HIGH GAIN DC-DC BOOST CONVERTERS

1
R. LAKSHMI NARAYANAN, 2SRIRAMALAKSHMI.P, 3V.T.SREEDEVI
1
M.Tech Student Power, Electronics and Drives, VIT University, Chennai
2
Assistant professor-SELECT, VIT University, Chennai
3
Professor SELECT, VIT University, Chennai

Abstract- In this paper, a transformer-less high voltage gain quadrupler DC-DC converter developed from an interleaved
boost converter is analyzed and designed. The performance analysis of conventional interleaved boost converter,
interleaved boost converter with voltage multiplier cell and quadrupler DC-DC converter are presented. The voltage stress
in quadrupler DC-DC converter is comparatively very less than that of the other conventional converters. The quadrupler
DC-DC converter has the features of high reliability, efficiency and voltage gain. It is observed that quadrupler DC-DC
converter gives high voltage gain with low duty cycle when compared to the other two converters and the results are verified
by using MATLAB/Simulink.

Keyword- Boost converter; high gain; quadrupler;

I. INTRODUCTION active switch stress [3]. Though the voltage gain is


not high, the diode voltage stress remains very high.
Renewable energy resources have the wide role in the The proposed topology uses an input- parallel output-
field of power electronics research. The photovoltaic series conguration in order to achieve a higher
cells which give a very low output voltage, are used voltage gain without adopting an extreme large duty
in most of the applications. cycle [13]- [16].

The DC-DC boost converter has to be connected The proposed converter cannot only achieve high
with the renewable energy source in order to step-up voltage gain with reduced component count
increase the available voltage for various high but also reduces the voltage stress of both active
voltage applications. Different topologies have been switches and diodes to reduce both switching and
introduced to achieve a very high voltage gain which conduction losses [6]-[8]. Moreover, the charge
doesnt include the method of increasing the duty balance of the blocking capacitor of the converter
cycle. By combining switched inductors, coupled provides the uniform current sharing capability of the
inductors with the classical boost converter, a high two interleaved phases for voltage boosting mode,
frequency transformer or switched capacitors with even without employing an additional circuit or any
high step up complex control methods[9]-[12].
ratio and a low voltage stress can be obtained [1].
II. OPERATING PRINCIPLE OF
Researches have come up with many topologies to QUADRUPLER TOPOLOGY
give a high step-up voltage gain without a very high
duty ratio [2]. The phase shifted full-bridged For convenience, the two-phase interleaved boost
converter is one such topology which can provide a converter with parallel-input series-output
high step up gain by increasing the turns ratio of the connection is considered first and it is shown in Fig.
transformer [4]. 1(a). The given converter topology is basically
derived from a two-phase interleaved boost converter
The input electrolytic capacitors have an effect in this and is shown in Fig. 1(b).
topology that the input current ripple decreases the
maximum output power, thereby decreasing the From the comparison of Fig. 1(a) with Fig. 1(b), it
work-span of the capacitor. A high efficiency and a can be seen that two more capacitors and two
high step up conversion can be achieved by using more diodes are employed. During energy transfer,
active clamp dual boost converters and active clamp partial energy in the inductor is stored in the
full bridged boost converters, though the startup capacitor. It can be seen that the gain of the proposed
operating principles have to be noted individually [5]. converter is twice than that of the conventional
Apart from this, there are many number components interleaved two phase boost converter.
and isolated sensors or feedback controllers are
equipped in this topology. So it is very expensive And in the case of diodes, the voltage stress is much
one. lower than that of the conventional one. Also, it could
be noticed that no additional circuit need to be added
The interleaved voltage doubler has been introduced to the converter for achieving the uniform current
which has the ability to share the current and lower

Proceedings of 21st IRF International Conference, 15th March 2015, Chennai, India, ISBN: 978-93-82702-78-8
22
Comparison of High gain DC-DC Boost Converters

sharing ability. The operating principle in detail


can be described as follows [1].

Fig. 1. Congurations of (a) two-phase interleaved boost


converter (b) the quadrupler boost converter.

The proposed converter topology, has some


drawbacks like the presence of pulsating output
period which is seen in currently used high step up
dc-dc converters. Moreover the main goal is to have
a high voltage gain, which can be obtained with a
duty cycle greater than 0.5 and the continuous
conduction mode (CCM). Apart from this, if the duty
cycle is less than 0.5 or the converter is operated in
discontinuous conduction mode (DCM), there wont
be any transfer of energy from the inductors to the
blocking capacitors, output capacitors and load side.
Hence, high voltage gain is achieved without an
extra circuitry which involves the process of uniform
current sharing.

Mode 1 (t0 t<t 1): For mode 1, switches S1 and S2


are turned ON, D1a, D1b, D2a, D2b are in OFF
condition .The equivalent circuit for each state is
shown in Fig.2(a). From Fig.2 (a), it can be seen that
both iL1 and iL2 are gradually rising to store energy
in L1 and L2, respectively. The voltages across
diodes D1a and D2a are made to clamp with
capacitor voltage VCA and VCB respectively and the
voltages across the diodes D1b and D2b are fixed to
VC2 minus VCB and VC1 minus VCA, respectively.
Also, the load power is given from capacitors C1 and
C2 [1].The state equations for this condition are given
as follows:

Proceedings of 21st IRF International Conference, 15th March 2015, Chennai, India, ISBN: 978-93-82702-78-8
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Comparison of High gain DC-DC Boost Converters

Mode 2: (t1 t< t2): In this mode, switch S1 is on From the above description, it can be seen that the
and S2 is made OFF. Diodes D2a and D2b goes to operating principle of the two-phases are symmetric.
conducting state. The equivalent circuit for this mode The voltage stress across two switches and four
is shown in Fig. 2(b). It is seen from Fig. 2(b) that a diodes are less and also there is uniform current
part of stored energy in inductor L2 and also the sharing capability.
stored energy of CA is now given to the output
capacitor C1 and load. By that time, a part of stored III. STEADY STATE ANALYSIS
energy in inductor L2 is stored in CB. In this mode,
capacitor voltage VC1 is equal to VCB plus VCA. A. Voltage gain:
Thus, iL1 still rises continuously and iL2 decreases Applying the voltsecond relationship in inductor
linearly [1]. The state equations for this mode are L1 (or L2) shown in Fig. 2(a) and (c), the following
given as follows: equations can be obtained.

From the equivalent circuits shown in Fig. 2(b) and


(c), VC1 and VC2 can be derived as given in
equations (21) and (22), by substituting the
expressions of VCA and VCB.

Mode 3 (t2 t<t3): In this mode, as seen from the


Fig.3 (a), both S1 and S2 are made to ON state. The
corresponding equivalent circuit becomes same as
mode1.

Mode 4 (t3 t<t 4): During this mode, switch S2


remains conducting and S1 is made to OFF state.
Diodes D1a and D1b starts conducting. The B. Voltage stress across semiconductor devices
equivalent circuit for this condition is shown in Fig. In this converter, voltage ripples of the capacitors are
3(c). It can be observed from Fig. 3(c) that a part of not considered in order to simplify the voltage stress
stored energy in inductor L1 and also the stored analysis of the components. From Fig. 2(b) and (c), it
energy of CB is now given to output capacitor C2 and can be seen that the voltage stress on active power
load. By that time, a part of stored energy in inductor switches S1 and S2 can be found directly as shown in
L1 is stored in CA. In this mode, the output capacitor equation (25)
voltage VC2 is equal to VCB plus VCA. Thus iL2
rises continuously and iL1 decreases linearly. The
state equations for this mode are given in the
equations (13) to (18):
From (26), it can be seen that the voltage stress
of active switches is equal to one fourth of the output
voltage.

Therefore, this converter facilitates to use low


voltage rated devices so that it again reduces both
the switching and conduction losses.

C. Performance comparison
The performance of the Quadrupler converter is
compared with the recently used high step up
converters and is shown in Table I

Proceedings of 21st IRF International Conference, 15th March 2015, Chennai, India, ISBN: 978-93-82702-78-8
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Comparison of High gain DC-DC Boost Converters

TABLEI:
NUMBER OF COMPONENTS USED IN
DIFFERENT TOPOLOGIES

D. Parameters
The designed parameters used in the simulation are
given in table.II.

TABLE. II
SIMULATION PARAMETERS

IV. SIMULATION RESULTS

The simulation of the three converters- Interleaved


boost converter, interleaved boost converter with
voltage multiplier cell, quadrupler dc-dc converter are
simulated using the MATLAB/ Simulink software
and the results are compared. The input voltage and
input current of quadrupler dc dc converter are given
in Fig3. The diode currents are given in Fig.4 and
output voltage and output currents are given in Fig.5

Proceedings of 21st IRF International Conference, 15th March 2015, Chennai, India, ISBN: 978-93-82702-78-8
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Comparison of High gain DC-DC Boost Converters

The simulation results of the basic interleaved boost


converter (IBC) is shown in Fig.8 to Fig.11. Fig.8
shows the input voltage and the input current of the
IBC Fig.9 shows the diode currents and Fig.10 shows
the inductor current of IBC and Fig.11 shows the
corresponding output voltage and output current

The simulation results of the interleaved boost


converter with volt1age multiplier cell is given from
Fig.12 to Fig.15. Fig.12 shows the input voltage and
input current, Fig .13 shows the diode currents Fig.14
shows the inductor currents and Fig. 15 shows the
corresponding output voltage and output current.

Proceedings of 21st IRF International Conference, 15th March 2015, Chennai, India, ISBN: 978-93-82702-78-8
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Comparison of High gain DC-DC Boost Converters

Fig.16 Duty ratio Vs Voltage Gain

V. COMPARISON RESULTS

The TableIII shows the performances of the three


different converter topologies and it shows that the
best topology is quadrupler DC-DC converter the
comparison is shown in the below Graphs

TABLE III
COMPARISON BETWEEN DIFFERENT
TOPOLOGIES

The Fig.16 shows the variation of Voltage gain with


respect to duty cycle of the three converter topologies
and Fig.17 shows the variation of the output voltage
according to the duty cycle and Fig.18 shows the
variation of the output voltage with respect to the
input voltage.

CONCLUSION

In this paper, a novel transformer-less adjustable


voltage quadrupler dcdc converter with high voltage
gain and reduced voltage stress is compared with the
other two topologies. Also the voltage stress across

Proceedings of 21st IRF International Conference, 15th March 2015, Chennai, India, ISBN: 978-93-82702-78-8
27
Comparison of High gain DC-DC Boost Converters

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Proceedings of 21st IRF International Conference, 15th March 2015, Chennai, India, ISBN: 978-93-82702-78-8
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