EE-211 Circuit Analysis: Dr. Hadeed Ahmed Sher

EE-211 Circuit Analysis
Dr. Hadeed Ahmed Sher
Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, TOPI 23460
hadeed@giki.edu.pk
October 10, 2017
Dr. Hadeed Ahmed Sher (FEE, GIKI) Week 5 Resources October 10, 2017 1 / 23
Overview
1 Mesh current method

Introduction
Procedure
Example 4.4
Assessment Problem
Mesh current method with dependent sources
Special cases of mesh current method
Concept of supermesh
Nodal method vs the mesh method
2 Examples
Introduction
1
Mesh is used to obtain the mesh current in it. A mesh current is a current
that flows on the perimeter of the mesh. A mesh current may not be the
actual current in the circuit.
2
Contrary to node voltage, here the mesh current is used. An arrow is used
usually to show the direction of the mesh current.
3
Can only be applied on planar circuits.
Introduction
4
A mesh current always satisfy KCL. At any given node the Mesh current
entering = mesh current leaving
5
Equations required = [b-(n-1)]
Procedure
Designate the mesh in a circuit.

Define the direction of currents.
Write the equations and prepare the matrices.
Solve to get the mesh currents.
Compute the actual currents.
Example 4.4[Nillsson]
Find the power in the sources and the voltage across 8 ohm resistance.
Step 1: In the figure 6 the total nodes are 5 and the branches are 7.
Therefore, total equations required are b-(n-1)=7-(5-1)=3.
Step 2: Mesh is identified.

Step 3: The direction of mesh current is defined.
Step 4: Writing equations for the mesh currents.
Equation for ia is
40 + 2ia + 8(ia ib ) = 0 (1)
Equation for ib is
8(ib ia ) + 6ib + 6(ib ic ) = 0 (2)
Equation for ic is
20 + 6(ic ib ) + 4ic = 0 (3)
Eq.(1), (2) and (3) can be written as
10ia 8ib + 0ic = 40 (4)
8ia + 20ib 6ic = 0 (5)

0ia 6ib + 10ic = 20 (6)
In matrices, we can write eq.(4),(5) and (6) as Ai=b

10 8 0 ia 40
8 20 6 ib = 0 (7)
0 6 10 ic 20
Apply the Cramers rule to get the answer (ia =5.6A,ib =2A, ic =-0.8A).
Therefore, P40v =-40ia =-224W,
P20v =20ic =-16W and
V8 =(ia ib )8=(8)(3.6)=28.8V
Assessment Problem
Find the power in 80V source and in R8 =?
Answer : P80v =400W and P8 =50W
Find the power in R4 =?
Apply equations.
5(ia ib ) + 20(ia ic ) = 50 (8)
5(ib ia ) + 1ib + 4(ib ic ) = 0 (9)
20(ic ia )4(ic ib ) + 15i = 0 (10)
i = ia ib (11)

25 5 20 ia 50
5 10 4 ib = 0 (12)
5 4 9 ic 0
i2 =26A and i3 =28A
PR4 =(i2 i3 )2 R=16W
If a current source is common in two mesh currents the overall solution
becomes simple.
The difference in mesh currents in that case is the value of the source.
We assume some voltage v in this case and then write the equation.
100 = 3(ia ib ) + v + 6ia (13)

50 = 4ic v + 2(ic ib ) (14)
Add equation (13) and (14) to get rid of v.
50 = 9ia 5ib + 6ic (15)

0 = 3(ib ia ) + 100ib + 2(ib ic ) (16)
We can reduce (15) and (16) using the constraint that ic ia =5
Concept of supermesh
A supermesh is one mesh created from two meshes that have a current
source in common.
At supermesh
10 + 1(i1 i3 ) + 3(i2 i3 ) + 2i2 = 0 (17)
At mesh 3
2i3 + 3(i3 i2 ) + 1(i3 i1 ) = 0 (18)
Also i1 -i2 =5A. Therefore, i2 =2.5A, i1 =7.5A, and i3 =2.5A,
Nodal method vs the mesh method
1
Both methods reduce the number of simultaneous equations required to
solve a circuit.
2
For a given circuit the method that generates least equations is preferred.
3
If there is a possibility of a super node then nodal is preferred and if a
super mesh is possible then mesh current method is the obvious choice.
Example 3.14
Find V1 and V2
I1 goes directly through the current source hence I1 is known. Writing

equation for loop 2.
2k(I2 I1 ) 2 + 6kI2 = 0 (19)
Using the value of I1 we get I2 =0.75mA. Therefore,
Vo = (6k)(0.75mA) = 4.5V (20)
Apply a KVL at the outer loop to get the V1 =10.5V

Example 3.15
Find Vo
I1 goes directly through the current source hence I1 =4mA. Similarly

I2 =-2mA. Writing equation for mesh 3.
4k(I3 I2 ) + 2k(I3 I1 ) + 6kI3 3 = 0 (21)
Using the value of I1 and I2 we get I3 =0.25mA. Therefore,
3
Vo = (6k)(0.25mA) 3 = V (22)
2
Example 3.16
Find Io
4mA source forms a supermesh between I2 and I3 .Therefore,
6 + 1kI3 + 2kI2 + 2k(I2 I1 ) + 1k(I3 I1 ) = 0 (23)
Note that I2 -I3 =4mA.

Assessment problem 4.10 [Nilsson]
Find P2
I3 =-16A and the power in P2 =(I1 I2 )2 R=72W,
Learning Assessment 3.11
Find Io
Find Vo
Find Vo

EE-211 Circuit Analysis: Dr. Hadeed Ahmed Sher

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EE-211 Circuit Analysis

Dr. Hadeed Ahmed Sher

October 10, 2017

1 Mesh current method

Designate the mesh in a circuit.

Step 2: Mesh is identified.

Step 4: Writing equations for the mesh currents.

8(ib ia ) + 6ib + 6(ib ic ) = 0 (2)

10ia 8ib + 0ic = 40 (4)

8ia + 20ib 6ic = 0 (5)

In matrices, we can write eq.(4),(5) and (6) as Ai=b

Find the power in 80V source and in R8 =?

Answer : P80v =400W and P8 =50W

100 = 3(ia ib ) + v + 6ia (13)

50 = 9ia 5ib + 6ic (15)

10 + 1(i1 i3 ) + 3(i2 i3 ) + 2i2 = 0 (17)

I1 goes directly through the current source hence I1 is known. Writing

2k(I2 I1 ) 2 + 6kI2 = 0 (19)

Using the value of I1 we get I2 =0.75mA. Therefore,

Vo = (6k)(0.75mA) = 4.5V (20)

Apply a KVL at the outer loop to get the V1 =10.5V

I1 goes directly through the current source hence I1 =4mA. Similarly

4mA source forms a supermesh between I2 and I3 .Therefore,

6 + 1kI3 + 2kI2 + 2k(I2 I1 ) + 1k(I3 I1 ) = 0 (23)

Note that I2 -I3 =4mA.

I3 =-16A and the power in P2 =(I1 I2 )2 R=72W,

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