Matching Networks

MNs are critical for at least two critical

reasons
maximize power transfer: Pt = Pi Pr = Pi (1 | in |2 )
minimize SWR = 1+ | in |
1 | in |

Primary goal of a MN is to achieve

in = 0
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 Matching Strategy

Pick an appropriate two-element MN for

which matching is possible (based on a
given load impedance or S-parameter)
Find the L, C values from the ZY Smith
Chart
Convert discrete values into equivalent
microstriplines

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Region of matching for shunt L, series C matching network

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 Region of matching for series C shunt L matching network

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 Region of matching for series L shunt C matching network

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Region of matching for shunt C and series L matching network

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 There are two strategies
A) Source impedance -> conjugate complex load impedance

B) Load impedance -> conjugate complex source impedance

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 General 2 Element Approach

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Load Impedance To Complex Conjugate
Source Zs = Zs* = 50

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 Art of Designing Matching Networks

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 More Complicated Networks
Three-element Pi and T networks permit the
matching of almost any load conditions
Added element has the advantage of more
flexibility in the design process (fine
tuning)
Provides quality factor design (see Ex. 8.4)

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 Quality Factor
Resonance effect has implications on design of
matching network.
Loaded Quality Factor: QL = fO/BW
If we know the Quality Factor Q, then we can find
BW
Estimate Q of matching network using Nodal
Quality Factor Qn
At each circuit node can find Qn = |Xs|/Rs or Qn =
|B P|/G P and
QL = Qn/2 true for any L-type Matching Network
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 Nodal Quality Factors
Qn = |x|/r =2|i | / [(1- r)2 + i2

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Matching Network Design Using Quality
Factor

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 T-Type Matching Networks

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 Pi-Type Matching Network

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 Microstripline Matching Network
Distributed microstip lines and lumped
capacitors
less susceptible to parasitics
easy to tune
efficient PCB implementation
small size for high frequency

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 Microstripline Matching Design

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 Two Topologies for Single-Stub Tuners

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 Balanced Stubs
Unbalanced stubs often replaced by
balanced stubs
1 2 lS 1 1 2 lS
lSB = tan 2 tan lSB = tan tan
2 2 2
Open-Circuit Stub Short-Circuit Stub
lS is the unbalance stub length and lSB is the balanced stub
length.
Balanced lengths can also be found graphically using the
Smith Chart
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 Balanced Stub Example

Balanced Stub Circuit

Single Stub Smith Chart

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 Double Stub Tuners

Forbidden region
where yD is inside
g = 2 circle

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