Draft BS en 16798 1 Energy Performance of Buildings

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Title: Draft BS EN 16798-1 Energy performance of buildings

Part 1: Indoor environmental input parameters for design and assessment of energy performance of buildings addressing
indoor air quality, thermal environment, lighting and acoustics -Module M1-6; (revision of EN 15251)
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EUROPEAN STANDARD DRAFT
NORME EUROPENNE prEN 16798-1
EUROPISCHE NORM
May 2015
ICS 91.120.10; 91.140.01 Will supersede EN 15251:2007
English Version
Energy performance of buildings - Part 1: Indoor environmental

input parameters for design and assessment of energy
performance of buildings addressing indoor air quality, thermal
environment, lighting and acoustics - Module M1-6
Performance nergtique des btiments - Partie 1 : Critres Energieeffizienz von Gebuden - Teil 1: Eingangsparameter
d'ambiance intrieure pour la conception et l'valuation de fr das Raumklima zur Auslegung und Bewertung der
la performance nergtique des btiments couvrant la Energieeffizienz von Gebuden Raumluftqualitt,
qualit de l'air intrieur, l'ambiance thermique, l'clairage et Temperatur, Licht und Akustik - Modul M1-61)
l'acoustique - Module M1-6
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 156.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which
stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language
made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to
provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and
shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
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EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG
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2015 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 16798-1:2015 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
prEN 16798-1:2015 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword ............................................................................................................................................................. 4
Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................ 5
1 Scope...................................................................................................................................................... 5
2 Normative references ........................................................................................................................... 6
3 Terms and definitions ........................................................................................................................... 7
4 Symbols and abbreviations ............................................................................................................... 10
5 Interactions with other standards ..................................................................................................... 11
6 Design input criteria for dimensioning of buildings, heating, cooling, ventilation and
lighting systems .................................................................................................................................. 13
6.1 Thermal environment.......................................................................................................................... 13
6.1.1 Mechanically heated and/or cooled buildings ................................................................................. 13
6.1.2 Buildings without mechanical cooling ............................................................................................. 14
6.2 Design for Indoor air quality (ventilation rates) ............................................................................... 14
6.2.1 General ................................................................................................................................................. 14
6.2.2 Methods ............................................................................................................................................... 15
6.2.3 Non-residential buildings ................................................................................................................... 17
6.2.4 Residential buildings .......................................................................................................................... 17
6.2.5 Access to operable windows ............................................................................................................. 17
6.2.6 Filtration and air cleaning .................................................................................................................. 18
6.3 Humidity ............................................................................................................................................... 18
6.4 Lighting ................................................................................................................................................ 18
6.4.1 General ................................................................................................................................................. 18
6.5 Noise..................................................................................................................................................... 19
7 Indoor environment parameters for energy calculation ................................................................. 19
7.1 Thermal environment.......................................................................................................................... 19
7.1.1 Seasonal calculations......................................................................................................................... 20
7.1.2 Hourly calculations (dynamic simulation) ........................................................................................ 20
7.2 Indoor air quality and ventilation ...................................................................................................... 20
7.2.1 General ................................................................................................................................................. 20
7.3 Humidity ............................................................................................................................................... 21
7.4 Lighting ................................................................................................................................................ 21
Annex A1 (normative) Recommended criteria for the thermal environment .............................................. 22
Annex A2 (normative) Basis for the criteria for indoor air quality and ventilation rates ........................... 29
Annex A3 (normative) Example on how to define low and very low polluting buildings .......................... 35
Annex A4 (normative) Examples of criteria for lighting ................................................................................ 36
Annex A5 (normative) Indoor system noise criteria of some spaces and buildings ................................. 37
Annex A6 (informative) WHO health-based criteria for indoor air ................................................................ 38
Annex A7 (informative) Occupant schedules for energy calculations ........................................................ 40
Annex B1 (informative) Recommended criteria for the thermal environment ............................................ 41
Annex B2 (informative) Basis for the criteria for indoor air quality and ventilation rates ......................... 49
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Annex B3 (informative) Example on how to define low and very low polluting buildings ........................ 55
Annex B4 (informative) Examples of criteria for lighting .............................................................................. 56
Annex B5 (informative) Indoor system noise criteria of some spaces and buildings ............................... 57
Annex B6 (informative) WHO health-based criteria for indoor air ................................................................ 58
Annex B7 (informative) Occupants schedules for energy calculations ...................................................... 60
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prEN 16798-1:2015 (E)
Foreword
This document (prEN 16798-1:2015) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 156 Ventilation for
Buildings, the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document will supersede EN 15251:2007.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).
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prEN 16789-1:2015 (E)
Introduction
Energy consumption of buildings depends significantly on the criteria used for the indoor environment (heating,
cooling, ventilation and lighting) and building (including systems) design and operation. Indoor environment
also affects health, productivity and comfort of the occupants. Recent studies have shown that costs of poor
indoor environment for the employer, the building owner and for society, as a whole are often considerable
higher than the cost of the energy used in the same building. It has also been shown that good indoor
environmental quality can improve overall work and learning performance and reduce absenteeism. In
addition uncomfortable occupants are likely to take actions to make themselves comfortable which may have
energy implications. There is therefore a need for specifying criteria for the indoor environment for design and
energy calculations for buildings and building service systems.
The present standard is a revision of EN15251-2007. There exist other national and international standards,
and technical reports, which specify criteria for thermal comfort and indoor air quality (EN ISO 7730, CR1752).
These documents do specify different types and categories of criteria, which may have a significant influence
on the energy demand. For the thermal environment criteria for the heating season (cold/winter) and cooling
season (warm/summer) are listed. These criteria are, however, mainly for dimensioning of building, heating,
cooling and ventilation systems. They may not be used directly for energy calculations and year-round
evaluation of the indoor thermal environment. Studies have shown that occupant expectations in natural
ventilated buildings may differ from conditioned buildings, which will be part of this standard
The present standard specifies how design criteria shall be established and used for dimensioning of systems.
It defines how to establish and define the main parameters to be used as input for building energy calculation
and short and long term evaluation of the indoor environment. Finally this standard will identify parameters to
be used for monitoring and displaying of the indoor environment as recommended in the Energy Performance
of Buildings Directive.
Different categories of criteria may be used depending on type of building, type of occupants, type of climate
and national conditions. The Standard specifies several different categories of indoor environment which could
be selected for the space to be conditioned. These different categories can be used for design and may also
be used to give an overall, yearly evaluation of the indoor environment by evaluating the percentage of time in
each category.
1 Scope
This European Standard deals with the indoor environmental parameters for thermal environment,
indoor air quality, lighting and acoustic.
This standard specifies how to establish indoor environmental input parameters for building system
design and energy performance calculations.
This standard includes design criteria for the local thermal discomfort factors. draught, radiant
temperature asymmetry, vertical air temperature differences, floor surface temperature.
This standard is applicable where the criteria for indoor environment are set by human occupancy and
where the production or process does not have a major impact on indoor environment.
This standard specifies occupancy schedules to be used in standard energy calculations.
This standard specifies how different categories of criteria for the indoor environment can be used.
But does not require certain criteria to be used. This is up to national regulations or individual project
specifications.
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The criteria in this standard can also be used in national calculation methods. This standard sets
criteria for the indoor environment based on existing standards and reports listed under normative
references or in the bibliography.
The standard does not prescribe design methods, but give input parameters to the design of buildings,
heating, cooling, ventilation and lighting systems
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN ISO 7726, Ergonomics of the thermal environment Instruments for measuring physical quantities
EN ISO 7730, Analytical determination and interpretation of thermal comfort using calculation of the PMV and
PPD indices and local thermal comfort
EN ISO 8996, Ergonomics Determination of metabolic heat production
EN ISO 9920, Ergonomics of the thermal environment estimation of the thermal insulation and evaporative
resistance of a clothing ensemble
EN ISO 1373, Ergonomics of the thermal environment - Definitions, symbols and units.
EN ISO 13790, Thermal performance of buildings Calculation of energy use for space heating and cooling
Simplified method
EN ISO 13791, Thermal Performance of Buildings Calculation of Internal Temperatures in a Room in

Summer without Mechanical Cooling General Criteria and Validation Procedures
EN ISO 13792, Thermal performance of buildings Internal temperature of a room in summer without
mechanical cooling Simplified calculation methods
EN 12193, Light and lighting Sports Lighting
EN 12792, Ventilation for Buildings Symbols, Terminology and Graphical Symbols
EN 12831, Heating systems in buildings-Calculation of the heating load
EN 12464-1, Light and lighting Lighting of work places- Part 1: Indoor work places
EN 12599, Ventilation for buildings Test procedures and measuring methods for handing over installed
ventilation and air conditioning systems
EN 12665, Light and Lighting Basic terms and criteria for specifying data of lamps and luminaries
EN 13032-1, Light and lighting Measurement and presentation of photometric data of lamps and luminaries
EN 13141 parts 1-11, Ventilation for buildings - Performance testing of components/products for residential
ventilation
EN 13779, Ventilation for non-residential buildings - performance requirements for ventilation and room-
conditioning systems
EN 13142, Ventilation for buildings - Components/products for residential ventilation - Required and optional
performance characteristics
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PrEN 14788, Ventilation for buildings Design and dimensioning of residential ventilation systems
prEN 15193-1, Energy performance of buildings - Energy requirements for lighting
EN 15203, Energy performance of buildings Assessment of energy use and definition of ratings
EN 15217, Energy performance of buildings Methods for expressing energy performance and for energy
certification of buildings
EN 15239, Ventilation for buildings Calculation methods for the determination of air flow rates in buildings
including infiltration
EN 15240, Energy performance of buildings Guidelines for the inspection of air-conditioning systems
EN 15241, Ventilation for buildings Energy performance of buildings Guidelines for the inspection of
ventilation systems
EN 15242, Ventilation for buildings Calculation methods for the determination of air flow rates in buildings
including infiltration
EN 15243, Dynamic calculation of room temperatures and of load and energy for buildings with room
conditioning systems (including solar shading, passive cooling, position and orientation
EN 15255, Thermal performance of buildings Sensible room cooling load calculation General criteria and
validation procedures
EN 15265, Energy performance of buildings Calculation of energy use for space heating and cooling
General criteria and validation procedures
EN 15378, Energy performance of buildings Systems and methods for the inspection of boilers and heating
systems
ISO 15927-4, Hygrothermal performance of buildings-Calculation and presentation of climatic data Part 4:
Data for assessing the annual energy for cooling and heating systems and Part 5: Winter external
temperatures and related wind data
EN 15665, Ventilation for buildings - Determining performance criteria for residential ventilation systems
ISO/TS 14415, The Application of International Standards for People with Special Requirements
CR 1752:2001, Ventilation for buildings Design criteria for the indoor environment
CIE 69:1987, Methods for characterizing illuminance meters and luminance meters: Performance,
characteristics and specifications
3 Terms and definitions

For the general purposes of this European Standard, the terms and definitions given in EN 12792, EN ISO
13731 and EN 12464, EN12665 and EN15603 shall apply.
3.1
Adaptation, thermal
Physiological, psychological or behavioural adjustment of building occupants to the interior thermal
environment in order to avoid or to limit thermal discomfort. In naturally ventilated buildings these are often in
response to changes in indoor environment induced by outside weather conditions.
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3.1.1
Adaptation, Perceived Air Quality
Sensory adaptation to perceived air quality (odour), which occurs during the first 15 min. exposure to
bioeffluents.
3.2
Active cooling
See mechanical cooling.
3.4
Buildings, Very Low-Polluting
A building where predominantly low-emitting materials and furniture are used and activities with emission of
pollutants are prohibited and no previous emitting sources (like tobacco smoke) was present. Criteria are
listed in Annex B3.
3.5
Buildings, Low-Polluting
Buildings where an effort has been done to select low-emitting materials and activities with emission of
pollutants are limited or prohibited. Criteria are listed in Annex B3.
3.6
Buildings, non Low-Polluting
Old or new buildings where no effort has been done to select low-emitting materials and activities with
emission of pollutants not prohibited. Previous emissions (like tobacco smoke) may have taken place.
3.7
Buildings without mechanical cooling
Buildings that do not have any mechanical cooling and rely on other techniques to reduce high indoor
temperature during the warm season like moderately-sized windows, adequate sun shielding, use of building
mass, natural ventilation, night time ventilation etc. for preventing overheating.
3.8
Cooling season
Parts of the year during which (usually summer), at least parts of the day and part (some rooms) of the
building, cooling are needed to keep the indoor temperatures at specified levels.
Note 1 to entry: The length of the cooling season differs substantially from country to country and from region to
region).
3.9
Daylight factor
Ratio of the illuminance at a point on a given plane due to the light received directly or indirectly from a sky of
assumed or known luminance distribution, to the illuminance on a horizontal plane due to an unobstructed
hemisphere of this sky, excluding the contribution of direct sunlight to both illuminances. [EN 12665:2011]
3.10
Demand controlled ventilation
A ventilation system where the ventilation rate is controlled by air quality, moisture, occupancy or some other
indicator for the need of ventilation.
3.11
External temperatures, daily mean
The average of the hourly mean external air temperature for one calendar day (24 hours)
3.12
External temperature, running mean
The exponentially weighted running mean of the daily mean external air temperature ed
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3.13
Heating season
Parts of the year during which (at least parts of the day and part of (some rooms) the building,) heating
appliances are needed to keep the indoor temperatures at specified levels.
Note 1 to entry: The length of the heating season differs substantially from country to country and from region to
region).
3.14
Mechanical cooling
Cooling of the indoor environment by mechanical means used to provide cooling of supply air, fan coil units,
cooled surfaces, etc.
Note: The definition is related to peoples expectation regarding the internal temperature in warm seasons. Opening of
windows during day and night time is not regarded as mechanical cooling.
3.15
Occupied hours
The occupied hours of the building are those when the majority of the considered part of the building is in its
intended use.
3.16
Operative temperature
The uniform temperature of an imaginary black enclosure in which an occupant would exchange the same
amount of heat by radiation plus convection as in the actual non-uniform environment
3.17 Optimal operative temperature

The operative temperature that satisfies the greatest possible number of people at a given clothing and
activity level with the thermal environment.
3.18
Room Conditioning System
A system installed and used to keep a comfort conditions in a room within a defined range. Air conditioning as
well radiant, surface heating and cooling systems are included.
3.19
Room Temperature
Is defined as Room Operative Temperature
3.20
Ventilation rate
The magnitude of outdoor air flow to a room or building through the ventilation system and infiltration through
building envelope.
3.21
Ventilation system
A combination of appliances designed to supply indoor spaces with outdoor air and to extract polluted indoor
air. Ventilation system refers to mechanical, natural and hybrid ventilation systems.
3.22
Design ventilation airflow rate
Ventilation rate that the system shall be able to provide (including boost).
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4 Symbols and abbreviations
o = indoor operative temperature, oC
e = external temperature, oC
rm-i = Running mean external temperature

ed-i = daily mean external temperature
= constant for running mean calculations
qtot= total ventilation rate, l/s
2
qB= ventilation rate for building materials, l/(sm )
qp= ventilation rate for persons, l/(s per person)
n = number of persons, -
Qh = ventilation rate required for dilution, in litre per second;
Gh = pollution load of a pollutant, in micrograms per second;
Ch, = guideline value of a pollutant, in micrograms per litre;
Ch,o = supply concentration of a pollutant at air intake, in micrograms per litre;
v = ventilation effectiveness (EN13779)

2
A= floor area, m
Lp,A= A-weighed sound pressure level, dB(A)
Leq, nT,A = Equivalent continuous sound pressure level
D = Daylight factor
E = Illuminance (at a point or surface), lx
Ra = Colour rendering index
UGR = Unified Glare Rating
PPD = Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfied, %
PMV = Predicted Mean Vote
DR = Draught Rate, %
Daylight factor DCa,j
Daylight factor DSNA
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5 Interactions with other standards

The present standard will provide indoor environmental criteria for the design of buildings, room conditioning
systems and lighting systems. The thermal criteria (PMV or design indoor temperature in winter, design indoor
temperature in summer) are used as input for heating (EN12831) and cooling load (EN 15243) calculations
and sizing of equipment. Ventilation rates are used for sizing ventilation systems, and lighting levels for
design of lighting system including the use of day lighting (EN12464-1)
The present standard will provide values for the indoor environment (like temperature, ventilation rate,
illuminance) as input to the calculation of the energy demand (building energy demand), when the space is
occupied, (EN ISO 13790, EN 15255, EN 15265, EN15193) (Section 7).
Recommended input values are given for each of the different categories. A short description of the categories
is shown in table 1.
Table 1: Description of the applicability of the categories used.
Category Explanation
I High level of expectation and also recommended for spaces occupied by very sensitive and
fragile persons with special requirements like some disabilities, sick, very young children and
elderly persons, to increase accessibility.
II Normal level of expectation
III An acceptable, moderate level of expectation
IV Low level of expectation. This category should only be accepted for a limited part of the year
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Table 2 shows the relative position of this standard within the EN EPB set of standards.
Table 2 Position of this standard within the EN EPB set of standards according to EN15603
Building
Overarching Technical Building Systems
(as such)
Building automation &

Domestic Hot water
Dehumidification
Descriptions
Descriptions
Descriptions
PV, wind, ..
Ventilation
Humidifi
Lighting
Cooling
Heating
control
cation
suB1 M1 suB1 M2 suB1 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9 M10 M11
1 General 1 General 1 General
Common terms
and definitions; Building Energy
2 symbols, units 2 Needs 2 Needs
and subscripts
(Free) Indoor
Maximum Load
3 Applications 3 Conditions 3 and Power
without Systems
Ways to Express Ways to Ways to Express

4 Energy 4 Express Energy 4 Energy
Performance Performance Performance
Building
Functions and Heat Transfer Emission &
5 Building 5 by Transmission 5 control
Boundaries
Building
Heat Transfer
Occupancy and Distribution &
6 Operating 6 by Infiltration 6 control
and Ventilation
Conditions
Aggregation of
Energy Services Internal Heat Storage &
7 and Energy 7 Gains 7 control
Carriers
Building Solar Heat Generation &

8 Partitioning 8 Gains 8 control
Load
Calculated Building
dispatching and
9 Energy 9 Dynamics 9 operating
Performance (thermal mass)
conditions
Measured Measured Measured

10 Energy 10 Energy 10 Energy
Performance Performance Performance
11 Inspection 11 Inspection 11 Inspection
Ways to Express
12 Indoor Comfort 12 BMS
External
13 Environment
Conditions
Economic
14 Calculation
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prEN 16789-1:2015 (E)
6 Design input criteria for dimensioning of buildings, heating, cooling, ventilation

and lighting systems
For design of buildings and dimensioning of room conditioning systems the thermal comfort criteria (minimum
room temperature in winter, maximum room temperature in summer) shall be used as input for heating load
(EN12831) and cooling load (EN15253) calculations. Ventilation rates that are used for sizing the equipment
shall be specified in design (EN13779, EN15241, and EN15242). The criteria in this section shall be used as
input values for the sizing and dimensioning of the systems as well as for design of buildings without
mechanical cooling.
Criteria specified in national building codes for design and dimensioning of systems must be used. The
present standard gives, in informative annexes, recommended input values for use in cases where no national
regulation are available. The recommended criteria are given for several categories. Design criteria for the
indoor environment shall be documented by the designer together with the premises for use of the spaces. .
6.1 Thermal environment
6.1.1 Mechanically heated and/or cooled buildings
For establishing design criteria the following procedure shall be used.
Criteria for the thermal environment in heated and/or cooled buildings shall be based on the thermal comfort
indices PMV-PPD (predicted mean vote - predicted percentage of dissatisfied) with assumed typical levels of
activity and typical values of thermal insulation for clothing (winter and summer) as described in detail in EN
ISO 7730. Based on the selected criteria (see Table B1.1-1 for intended comfort category) a corresponding
design operative temperature interval is established. The values for dimensioning of cooling systems are the
upper values of the comfort range during cooling season (summer) and values for dimensioning of the heating
system are the lower values of the comfort range. Some examples of recommended design indoor operative
temperatures for heating and cooling, derived according to this principle, are presented in Annex B1.1 Table
B1.1.-2 and in TR15251
The design criteria in this section shall be used for both design of buildings (dimensioning of windows, solar
shading, building mass etc.) and HVAC systems.
Instead of using operative temperature as the design criterion the PMV-PPD index can be used directly. In this
way the effect of increased air velocity and effect of dynamic clothing insulation can be taken into account.
Selection of the category is building specific, and the needs of special occupant groups such as elderly people
(low metabolic rate and impaired control of body temperature) shall be considered (ISO/TS14415). For this
group of people it is recommended to use category I requirements.
For buildings and spaces were the mechanical cooling capacity is not adequate to meet the required
temperature categories the design documents must state, using one of the methods described in TR15251,
how often the conditions are outside the required range.
6.1.1.1 Local thermal discomfort
Criteria for local thermal discomfort such as draught, radiant temperature asymmetry, vertical air temperature
differences and floor surface temperatures shall also be taken into account when designing buildings and
HVAC systems. Table B1.1.-3 presents the most important local thermal discomfort criteria at three category
levels. For more background information see TR15251.
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6.1.2 Buildings without mechanical cooling
For the dimensioning of the heating system the same criteria as for mechanically ventilated, cooled and
heated buildings shall be used (6.1.1).
In buildings without mechanical cooling the criteria for the thermal environment shall be specified using the
method described in section 6.1.1 or using an alternative method that takes into account adaptation effects.
This alternative method only applies for occupants with sedentary activities without strict clothing policies
where thermal conditions are regulated primarily by the occupants through opening and closing of openings in
the building envelope (windows).
Recommended criteria for the indoor operative temperature in buildings without mechanical cooling are
presented in Annex B1.2
The upper limits presented in Annex B1.2 shall be used to design buildings and passive thermal controls (e.g.
orientation of glazing and solar shading, thermal building capacity, size and adjustability of operable windows
etc.) to avoid overheating.
For buildings and spaces were the building design and the natural ventilation system is not adequate to meet
the required temperature categories the design documents must state, using one of the methods described in
TR15251, how often the conditions are outside the required range
6.1.3 Increased air velocity
Under summer comfort conditions with indoor operative temperatures > 25 C increased air velocity can be
used to compensate for increased air temperatures according to annex B1.3
6.2 Design for Indoor air quality (ventilation rates)
6.2.1 General
Indoor air quality shall be controlled by one or more of the following means: source control, ventilation,
filtration, air cleaning.
National ventilation air flow rates shall be stated in Annex A2 if the default values in Annex B2 are not used.
Default ventilation airflow rates are presented in Annex B2. These values are design ventilation airflow rates
intended for dimensioning of the ventilation system. During normal operation of the ventilation system, the
ventilation flow rates can be different from the design ventilation flow rates.
For the default design ventilation rates presented in Annex B2, full mixing (ventilation efficiency of 1,
EN13799) is assumed.
6.2.1.1 Source control
Source control shall be the primary strategy for controlling the level of air pollutants.
The main sources of pollutants shall be identified and eliminated or decreased by any feasible means.
6.2.1.2 Ventilation
The design requirements for the ventilation air flow rates shall take into account the pollutant emissions rates
left after source control.
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6.2.1.3 Time periods used for determining air flow rates
The methods described in 6 assume that pollutants emissions are constant in each time period considered
and lead to a constant design ventilation air flow rate for each time period.
If occupation and pollutant loads vary in time, the designer shall specify the time periods considered for the
calculation of the design ventilation air flow rates. These shall describe at least the assumed periods of
occupancy and of non-occupancy (see Annex B7 with default occupant schedules).
6.2.1.4 Building damage
It must be evaluated if the required ventilation rate for indoor air quality is high enough to avoid building
damage from condensation on surfaces, in the materials or in the structure. If not a higher ventilation rate
must be used as design value
6.2.1.5 Design documentation
The design documents shall state:
which method and category is used for design;
which pollutant sources have been identified and processes used to eliminate or decrease those sources;
which method has been used to derive the required ventilation airflow rates?
The applied occupancy schedules must be provided in the documentation. Default occupant schedules are
given in Annex B7.
6.2.2 Methods
6.2.2.1 General
Design parameters for indoor air quality shall be derived using one or more of the following methods:
Method based on perceived air quality
Method using criteria for pollutant concentration
Method based on pre-defined ventilation air flow rates
Within each method, the designer shall choose between different categories of indoor air quality and define
which building category is to be used.
The method used shall be documented and it must be explained why the selected method is appropriate.
6.2.2.2 Method based on perceived air quality
The air shall be perceived to be fresh and pleasant rather than stale, stuffy and irritating.
The dilution required for reducing the health risk from a specific air pollutant shall be evaluated separately
from the ventilation rates required to obtain a desired perceived air quality (comfort). The highest of these
values shall be used for design. If critical sources are identified for health, it shall be checked that they remain
below the health threshold values (see sec 6.2.2.3).
The total ventilation rate for the breathing zone is found by combining the ventilation for people and building
calculated from the following formula
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prEN 16798-1:2015 (E)
qtot =n q p + AR qB Eq(1)
where
qtot = total ventilation rate for the breathing zone, l/s
n = design value for the number of the persons in the room,
qp = ventilation rate for occupancy per person, l/(s* person)
2
AR = floor area, m
2
qB = ventilation rate for emissions from building, l/(s,m )
The perceived air quality levels are set for non-adapted persons. If in special cases the design will include
adapted persons see TR15251.
The criteria are assumed to be independent of seasons.
6.2.2.3 Method using criteria for pollutant concentration
The ventilation rate required to dilute a pollutant shall be calculated by this equation:
Gh 1
Qh = -------------- ----- Eq (2)
Ch,i - Ch,o v
where:
Qh is the ventilation rate required for dilution, in litre per second;
Gh is the pollution load of a pollutant, in micrograms per second;
3
Ch,i is the guideline value of a pollutant, see Annex B6 , in micrograms per m ;
3
Ch,o is the supply concentration of pollutants at the air intake, in micrograms per m ;
v is the ventilation effectiveness
NOTE. Ch,i and Ch,o may also be expressed as ppm (vol/vol). In this case the pollution load Gh has to be expressed
as l/s.
Equation (1) applies to steady-state conditions and the method requires that the supply air pollutant
concentration is lower than the indoor.
To calculate the design ventilation air flow rate from Eq. (2), the most critical or relevant pollutant (or groups of
pollutant) shall be identified and the pollution load in the space shall be estimated.
When this method is used it is required that CO2 representing the pollutant emission from people (bio
effluents) shall be used as one of the gases.
Values depending on the category of indoor air are defined for CO2 in Annex B2. Threshold values for other
sources are listed in Annex B6. Emission rates and outdoor concentrations for the gases considered shall be
defined based on material testing or certification (see Annex B3) and local ambient air quality values.
Note: TR15251 shows examples of pollutants production and concentration, e.g. for CO2 or water vapour,
together with sample calculations. Also calculations for non-steady state are shown.
6.2.2.4 Method based on pre-defined ventilation air flow rates
This is a method to determine certain pre-defined minimum ventilation air flow rate estimated to meet
requirement for both perceived air quality and health in the occupied zone.
The pre-defined ventilation air flow rates, ,shall be expressed by one or more of the following parameters:
total design ventilation for people and building components (qtot); design ventilation per unit floor area (qm2);
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design ventilation per person (qp); design air change rates (ach); design opening areas (Atot). Default values
are presented in Annex B2.
6.2.3 Non-residential buildings
6.2.3.1 Applicable methods
For the design of ventilation systems and calculation of design heating and cooling loads, the design
ventilation rate shall be specified in the design documents based on national requirements, or when no
national regulation is available, using one of the three methods described in this standard in 6.2.2.1.
The design ventilation air flow rates shall be used for designing any type of ventilation system, including
mechanical-, natural- hybrid- and exhaust-ventilation systems.
6.2.3.2 Ventilation air flow rates during unoccupied periods.
In case the ventilation is shut off:
The designer shall determine the time and air flow rate needed to limit the concentration of pollutants
emitted by materials prior to occupation.
Annex B2 gives default values for the minimum ventilation air to be delivered prior to occupation.
In case the air flow rate is lowered:
The ventilation air flow rate shall be at least equal to the air flow rate necessary to dilute emissions from
building (Table B2.1.2-2)
The Annex B2 gives default values for the minimum ventilation air flow rate to be delivered to remove
building emissions during un-occupied hours.
6.2.4 Residential buildings
6.2.4.1 Applicable methods
The design ventilation air flow rates shall be specified in the design documents, using one of the three
methods described in this standard in 6.2.2.1.
The design ventilation air flow rates shall be used for designing mechanical, natural and hybrid ventilation
systems.
Design ventilation air flow rates shall be specified as an air change per hour for each room, and/or outside air
supply and/or required exhaust rates (bathroom, toilets, and kitchens) or given as an overall required air-
change rate.
6.2.4.2 Ventilation air flow rates during non-occupied periods
If the ventilation rate is lowered when the building is not occupied, the ventilation system must start before the
building is occupied again or shall not be ventilated during that period below the values necessary to dilute
emissions from building (Annex B2, Table B2.1.4-1)
6.2.5 Access to operable windows
The building shall provide access to operable windows or operable elements in the facade to allow the
building occupants to make airings and to provide contact to the outside. This applies to bedrooms and living
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rooms in dwellings and other buildings with rooms intended for sleep, e.g. elderly homes. It also applies in
schools and child care facilities.
6.2.6 Filtration and air cleaning
The influence of position of outdoor air intakes, filtration and air cleaning shall be considered. (EN13779,
TR15251)
If filtration and air cleaning is used the following points shall be considered:
Reducing the amount of airborne pollutants (pollens, molds, spores, particles, dust) from the outdoor
air intake by circulating the air through a filter.
Circulating secondary air through a filter or other air cleaning technology to reduce the amount of
pollutants in the air
Reduce the concentration of odors and gaseous contaminants by circulating the secondary air or
recirculating the return air (gas phase air cleaning)
Note: Design guidelines on air cleaning and filtration are given in EN13779 and ISO DIS 16814. How to partially substitute
outside air by air cleaning is described in TR15251
6.3 Humidity
The humidity criteria depend partly on the requirements for thermal comfort and indoor air quality and partly
on the physical requirements of the building (condensation, mould growth etc.). For special buildings
(museums, historical buildings, churches) additional humidity requirements shall be taken into account.
Humidification or dehumidification of room air is usually not required but if used excess humidification and
dehumidification shall be avoided. The recommended design values of indoor humidity for occupied spaces
with dehumidification and humidification systems given in Annex B2.2 shall be used.
6.4 Lighting
6.4.1 General
To enable people to perform visual tasks efficiently and accurately, appropriate lighting shall be provided.The
degree of visibility and comfort is wide ranging governed by activity type and duration of required lighting
criteria. The lighting shall be obtained by means of daylight, electric light or a combination of both.
Windows shall be the primary source of light during daylight hours and provide visual contact with the outside
environment. Further the window design shall not cause visual discomfort or a loss of privacy.
To enable people to perform visual tasks efficiently and accurately, appropriate lighting shall be provided. The
degree of visibility and comfort is wide ranging governed by activity type and duration of required lighting
criteria for work places as specified in EN12464-1 and for sports lighting in EN 12193. For some visual tasks in
buildings and spaces the required lighting criteria are presented in Annex B4, table B4-1.
Note: Emergency lighting is not within the scope of this document.
The design illuminance levels shall be obtained by means of daylight, electric light or a combination of both.
For reasons of comfort and energy in most cases the use of daylight is preferred. This depends on factors like
standard occupancy hours, autonomy (portion of occupancy time during which there is enough daylight),
location of the building (latitude), amount of daylight hours during summer and winter, etcetera.
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To ensure good daylight provision, the daylight penetration in the spaces meant for human occupancy shall be
fulfilled. PrEN 15193-1 provides details of occupancy periods and daylight availability and estimations.
The design illuminance levels shall be obtained by means of daylight, electric light or a combination of both.
Criteria for daylight factor are included in Annex B4.
6.5 Noise
For design of ventilation the required sound levels shall be specified in the design documents using the
recommended values listed in Annex B5.
Guidance for evaluation of noise at the design stage is found in EN 12354-part 5.
The noise from building service systems may disturb the occupants and prevent the intended use of the space
or building. The noise in a space shall be evaluated using A-weighted equivalent sound pressure level,
normalized with respect to reverberation time (Lea, nT, A) to take into account the sound absorption of the
room. Leq, nT, A is defined in ISO EN16032 and ISO EN10052.
The tables in Annex B5 are only based on building service equipment noise and not outside noise.
Note. Often national requirements exist for noise from building service equipment inside or outside assuming
windows are closed.
These criteria apply to the sources inside the building as well as the noise from outdoor building service
equipment The criteria shall be used to limit the sound pressure level from the mechanical equipment and to
set sound insulation requirements for the noise from outdoors and adjacent rooms.
The values recommended in Annex B5 can be exceeded for a short term period if the occupants can control
the operation of the equipment or the windows. Even in this case the rise of the sound pressure level over the
values in the Annex B5 shall be limited to between 5 and 10 dB (A).
Ventilation shall not rely primarily on operable windows if the building is located in an area with a high outdoor
noise level compared to the level the designer wishes to achieve in the indoor zone.
7 Indoor environment parameters for energy calculation

To perform a yearly energy calculation (EN ISO 13790) criteria for the indoor environment must be specified
and documented.
Accepted exceedance of the criteria shall be specified (see TR15251)
7.1 Thermal environment
As the energy calculations may be performed on seasonal, monthly of hourly basis (dynamic simulation) the
indoor environment is specified accordingly. Indoor operative temperature criteria for heating and for cooling
shall be specified.
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7.1.1 Seasonal calculations
For seasonal and monthly calculations of energy consumption for heating and cooling respectively the same
values of indoor operative temperature as for design (sizing) the heating and cooling systems shall be used
(6.1) for each category of indoor environment. Assumptions regarding clothing level (EN ISO 9920) and
activity level (EN ISO 8996) shall be listed.
7.1.2 Hourly calculations (dynamic simulation)
In dynamic simulation the energy consumption is calculated on an hourly basis. Recommended values for the
acceptable range of the indoor operative temperature for heating and cooling are presented in Annex B1.4.
The midpoint of the operative temperature range should be used as a target value but the indoor temperature
may fluctuate within the range according to the energy saving features or control algorithm. If the cooling
power is limited (mixed mode buildings) the excess indoor operative temperatures shall be estimated using
one of the methods in TR15251.
Assumptions regarding clothing level (EN ISO 9920) and activity level (EN ISO 8996) shall be listed
separately.
Assumptions related to allowable exceedance shall be described (TR15251).
7.2 Indoor air quality and ventilation
7.2.1 General
The minimum ventilation rate as specified in the design (section 6) shall be used for energy calculations
during occupied hours
During un-occupied hours a lower ventilation rate can be specified (Annex B2.1.5) for energy calculations
In systems with variable air flow controlled by any criteria representing demand (e.g. timer, occupancy
detection, change of pollution load etc.) the variation of ventilation rate over time (may vary between maximum
and minimum depending on the occupancy and pollution load such as CO2 or moisture generation shall be
taken into account in the energy calculations..
Ventilation air flow rates in naturally ventilated buildings shall be calculated based on building layout, location
and weather conditions according to EN15242 or with dynamic thermal simulation tools.
In hybrid ventilation systems the air flow and resulting energy calculation is due to a combination of natural
and mechanical means.
During the hours of operation the ventilation rates for energy calculations shall be the same as specified in
Clause 6 for design load and energy calculations and dimensioning of the ventilation system.
To ensure good indoor air quality at the beginning of the occupancy, the ventilation shall start before the
occupancy or a minimum ventilation rate shall be provided during unoccupied hours. If no national regulations
exist the recommendations in Annex B2.1.2 may be used.
In systems with variable air flow control and demand controlled ventilation the ventilation rate may vary
between maximum, for full occupancy, and minimum, when the considered space is un-occupied. In case of
CO2-controlled ventilation the CO2-concentration shall not exceed the design values. Recommended values
for the excess of CO2 concentration above outdoors CO2 concentration are listed in Annex B2.1.3., Table
B2.1.3-1.
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In residential buildings the minimum ventilation rate during periods of occupation shall be specified in the
design (section 6, Annex B2.2).
Residential buildings, both in case of mechanical and natural ventilation, shall be ventilated during during
period outside occupation with a possibly lower ventilation rate than during the period of occupation. This
minimum ventilation rate shall be defined based on the pollution load of the spaces. If no national regulation is
available the values in Annex B2.1.4 are recommended. National codes may allow complementary ventilation
by airing to achieve this requirement in mild season.
7.3 Humidity
The criteria used for equipment design and sizing (6.1.3, annex B2.2) shall be used also in energy
calculations (EN15243) Indoor air shall not be dehumidified to a lower relative humidity than the design values
and not humidified into higher relative humidity than the design values Annex B2.2). Besides an upper limit for
the absolute humidity shall be given. Unoccupied buildings shall not be humidified (with some exceptions such
as museums) but may need to be dehumidified to prevent long term moisture damage.
7.4 Lighting
Energy calculations for lighting use in buildings shall be based on EN 15193-1. The required light level shall
be obtained by daylighting (according to the daylight availability), electric lighting or a combination of both. The
choice of light source has an impact on the building energy demand. Energy for illumination is calculated only
for the occupied hours based on the agreed occupancy profile (see Annex B7). The quality of lighting shall be
taken into account in the energy calculations according to EN 12464-1 and EN 12193. Some examples of EN
12464-1 are presented in Annex B4.
The lighting power required for a residential building shall be calculated according to prEN 15193-1 by the
summation of the power rating of each lamp installed in a room or area. Guidance on the installed lighting
power requirements is given in CEN/TR 15193-2.
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Annex A1
(normative)
Recommended criteria for the thermal environment
This annex includes all recommended criteria for the thermal environment.
A1.1 Recommended categories for mechanically heated and cooled buildings

Assuming different criteria for the PPD-PMV (EN ISO 7730) different categories of the indoor environment are
established. Recommended PPD ranges are given in the table A1.1-1. For the design and dimensioning
further criteria for the thermal environment (draught, vertical air temperature differences, floor temperature,
and radiant temperature asymmetry) shall be taken into account (see table A1.1-3
Table A.1.1-1 Examples of recommended categories for design of mechanical heated and cooled
buildings
Category Thermal state of the body as a whole
PPD Predicted
% Mean Vote
II
III
III
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Table A1.1-2 presents design values for the indoor operative temperature in buildings that have active heating
systems in operation during winter season and active cooling systems during summer season.
Assumed clothing thermal insulation level for winter and summer (clo-value) and activity level (met-value) are
listed in table A1.1-2. Note that the operative temperature limits shall be adjusted when clothing levels and/or
activity levels are different from the values mentioned in the table. A 50% relative humidity and low air
velocities (< 0.15 m/s) is assumed
Table A.-2 Examples of recommended design values of the indoor operative temperature in winter
en summer for buildings with mechanical cooling systems (for more examples see TR15251).
o
Type of building/ space Category Operative temperature C
Minimum for Maximum for

heating (winter cooling (summer
season), ~ 1,0 season), ~ 0,5 clo
clo
Residential buildings, living I
spaces (bed rooms living rooms
etc.) II
Sedentary activity ~1,2 met III

IV
Residential buildings, other I
spaces (kitchens, storages etc.)
II
Standing-walking activity ~1,5
met III
Offices and spaces with similar I

activity (single offices, open plan
offices, conference rooms, II
auditorium, cafeteria, restaurants,
class rooms, III
IV
Sedentary activity ~1,2 met
Note: A 50% relative humidity level and low air velocity level (< 0.1 m/s) is assumed
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The following table gives criteria for local thermal discomfort parameters for the three categories for design of buildings and HVAC systems. For more
information, see EN-ISO 7730 and TR15251
Table A1.1-3. Local thermal discomfort design criteria
Draught Vertical air Range of floor Radiant temperature asymmetry

temperature temperature
difference
(head-ankle)
PD Maximum air PD Temp. PD Floor surface PD Warm Cool Cool Warm

a b
(Draught velocity Difference temperature ceiling wall ceiling wall
Rate) range
Winter summer
[m/s]
[%] [m/s] [%] [C] [%] [C] [%] [C] [C] [C] [C]
Category I
Category II
Category III
a
Assuming an activity level of 1,2 met, a turbulence intensity of 40% and an air temperature of around 20 C in winter and 23 C in summer
b
Difference between 1,1 and 0,1 m above the floor
c
When the air temperature is above 25 C higher maximum air speeds are allowed and often even preferred (draught becomes pleasurable breeze); but only under the
condition that occupants have direct control over the air speed.
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A1.2 Acceptable indoor temperatures of buildings without mechanical

cooling systems.
In figure A1.2-1 recommended indoor operative temperatures are presented for buildings without
mechanical cooling systems. This alternative method only applies in occupant-controlled naturally
conditioned spaces without strict clothing policies where thermal conditions are regulated primarily by
the occupants through opening and closing of openings in the building envelope.
During the summer season and during the shoulder seasons (spring and autumn) so-called adaptive
criteria (upper and lower temperature limits that change with the running mean outside temperature)
shall by applied (see the cat. I, II and III upper and lower limits in Figure A1.2-1).
During the winter season, the same temperature limits shall be applied as presented in Annex A1.1.
for buildings with mechanical cooling systems (winter upper and lower limits are not presented in
figure A1.2-1).
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
o (C)
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
rm (C)
Figure A1.2-1 Design values for the indoor operative temperature for buildings without
mechanical cooling systems as a function of the exponentially-weighted running mean of the
external temperature.
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The external running mean temperature is calculated by means of eq. (1)

2
rm = (1- ).{ ed -1 + . ed -2 + ed -3..} (1)
Where
o
rm = External Running mean temperature for the considered day ( C).
rm-1 = running mean external air temperature for previous day
= constant between 0 and 1 (recommended value is 0.8)
ed-i = daily mean external air temperature for the i-th previous day
The following approximate equation shall be used where records of daily running mean external
temperature are not available:
rm = (ed -1 + 0,8 ed -2 + 0,6 ed -3 + 0,5 ed -4 + 0,4 ed -5 + 0,3 ed -6 + 0,2 ed -7)/3,8 (2)
The operative temperatures presented in figure A1.2-1 must only be used for office buildings and
other buildings of similar type used mainly for human occupancy with mainly sedentary activities,
where there is easy access to operable windows and occupants may freely adapt their clothing to the
indoor and/or outdoor thermal conditions.
The allowable indoor operative temperatures of figure A1.2-1 are plotted against the running mean
external temperature rm. This is defined as the exponentially weighted running mean of the daily
external temperature (see equations (2) and (3)).
The equations representing the lines in figure A1 are:
Category I
Category II
Category III
The dotted line in the middle refers to the optimal operative temperature. The equation representing
this line is:
c = 0,33rm+ 18,8
o
where o = indoor operative temperature, C
o
rm = running mean external temperature, C
o
c = Optimal operative temperature, C
o
The limits only apply when 10 <rm < 30 C.
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A1.3 Increased air velocity

Under summer comfort conditions with indoor operative temperatures > 25 C artificially increased air
velocity can be used to compensate for increased air temperatures according to Table A1.3-1 only if
the increased air velocity is under personal control. .
Table A1.3-1 Indoor operative temperature correction (o) that can be applied when
buildings are equipped with fans, personal systems that provide building occupants with
personal control over air speed at workstation level. The correction value depends on the air
speed range of the appliance.
Average Air Speed (Va) Average Air Speed (Va) Average Air Speed (Va)
0.6 m/s 0.9 m/s 1.2 m/s
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A1.4 Recommended indoor temperatures for energy calculations
Table A.4-1 Temperature ranges for hourly calculation of cooling and heating energy in
three categories of indoor environment.
Type of building or space Category Temperature range for Temperature range

o o
heating, C for cooling, C
Clothing ~ 1,0 clo Clothing ~ 0,5 clo
Residential buildings, living spaces (bed I

rooms living rooms etc.)
II
III
IV
Residential buildings , other spaces I

(kitchens, storages etc.)
II
Standing-walking activity ~1,5 met
III
Offices and spaces with similar activity I

(single offices, open plan offices,
conference rooms, auditorium, cafeteria, II
restaurants, class rooms,
III
IV
The mean design operative temperature can vary from the values shown to take account of e.g. local
custom or a desire for energy saving so long as the within-day variation from the design temperature
is within the given range, and the occupants are given time and opportunity to adapt to the modified
design temperature.
During the between heating and cooling seasons (with rm between around 10 and 15 C) adjusted
upper and lower temperature limits may be used that lie in between the winter and summer values
mentioned in table A1.3-1.
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Annex A2
(normative)
Basis for the criteria for indoor air quality and ventilation rates
A2.1 Design ventilation air flow rates
A2.1.1 General
Due to health reasons the minimum airflow rate is 4 l/s/person (Table A2.1.2-2) and the WHO
Guideline values in Annex A6 is met. The default air flow rates given in Annex A2 are design
ventilation air flow rates.
The default air flow rates given in this Annex assume complete mixing in the room (concentration of
pollutants is equal in exhaust and in occupied zone). Ventilation rates shall be adjusted according to
the ventilation effectiveness if the performance of air distribution differs from complete mixing
according to EN13779.
A2.1.2 METHOD 1 - Method based on perceived air quality
The calculated design ventilation rate is from two components (a) ventilation to dilute/remove pollution
from the occupants (bio effluents) and (b) ventilation to remove/dilute pollution from the building and
systems. The ventilation for each category is the sum of these two components as illustrated with the
equation (1) in 6.2.2.2.
The ventilation rates for occupants are presented for un-adapted.
The total ventilation rate will then depend on occupant density and building type. Examples of the total
ventilation rates for non-industrial, non-residential buildings based on these values with default
occupancy density are shown in TR15251.
A building is by default a low-polluting building unless prior activity has resulted in pollution of the
building (e.g. smoking). In this case, the building shall be regarded as non-low polluting. The category
very low-polluting requires that the majority of building materials used for finishing the interior surfaces
meet the national or international criteria of very low-polluting materials. An example of how to define
very low-polluting building materials is given in Annex A3.
Values for occupants (qp ) only are listed in Table A2.1.2-1
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Table A2.1.2-1 Design ventilation rates for non-adapted persons for diluting emissions
(bioeffluents) from people for different categories
Category Expected Airflow per non-
Percentage adapted person
Dissatisfied
l/(s.pers)
II
III
IV
The ventilation rates (qB) for the building emissions are calculated according to Table A2.1.2-2:
Table A2.1.2-2 Design ventilation rates for diluting emissions from buildings
Category Very low polluting Low polluting building Non low-polluting
building building
2
l/(s m )
2 2
l/(s m ) l/(s m )
II
III
IV
Minimum total
ventilation rate for
health
The total ventilation rate must never be lower than 4 l/s per person
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2
Table A2.1.2-3. Example of design ventilation air flow rates for a single-person office of 10 m
in a low polluting building (un-adapted person)
Category Low-polluting Airflow per Total design ventilation air flow rate for the room
building non-adapted
2
person l/s l/(s*person) l/(s* m )
2
l/(s*m )
l/(s*person)
II
III
IV
A2.1.3 METHOD 2 - Method using limit values of gas concentration
The design ventilation rates are calculated based on a mass balance equation for the pollutants
concentration in the space taking into account the outdoor pollutant concentration.
If CO2 is used as a tracer of human occupancy, the default limit values are extracted from Table
A2.1.3.5. Further recommended criteria for the CO2 calculation are included in TR15251. The listed
CO2 values can also be used for Demand Controlled Ventilation.
Table A2.1.3-1. Default design CO2 concentrations above outdoor concentration

assuming a standard CO2 emission of 20 L/(h/person).
Category Corresponding CO2 concentration
above outdoors in PPM for non-adapted
persons
II
III
IV
Default outside concentration average is 400 ppm (350-500 ppm)
A2.1.4 Ventilation air flow rates for residential buildings
Pre-defined ventilation air flow rates can be given on national level based on one or more of the
following components: Total air change rate for the dwelling; Exhaust air flows for specific rooms;
Supply air flows for specific rooms.
Annex A2.1.4 gives default values for the three components. The values assume that air is supplied in
living rooms and extracted from wet rooms.
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Calculate both the total air change rate for the entire dwelling (Table A2.1.4-1) and the exhaust air
flow rate from wet rooms (Table A2.1.4-1). The higher of the two is used.
Table A2.1.4-1 Three methods for ventilation based on pre-defined ventilation air flow rates:
Total ventilation (1), Supply air flow (2) and (3) and supplemented by exhaust air flow.
Supply air flow Supply air flow for
Total Supply
Cat based on bedrooms
ventilation air flow Exhaust air flow, l/s
e perceived IAQ
including air per.
for adapted (4)
infiltration person peak or boost flow for
gor persons
high demand
y
( 1) (2)
(3)
Kit- Bath-
qp qB Toilets
2 chen rooms
l/s,m ach l/s*per
2
l/s*per l/s,m l/s per person (3c)
(3a) (3b)
II
III
IV*
NOTES
Column 3 and 4: The ventilation air flow rates must be available when the rooms are occupied.
The design can take into account that not all bedrooms are occupied at the same time, e.g.
during daytime
The number of persons in bedroom depends on the size according to design criteria and
building regulations
* Category IV is intended for the evaluation of IAQ in existing buildings where the space for
installations are limited.
Supply air flow for method 3 is based on eq (1) from section 6.2.2.2
qtot =n q p + AR qB Eq (1)
where
qp = ventilation rate for occupancy per person, l/(s* person)
2
AR = room floor area, m
2
Note Table A2.1.4-1: The values assume that outdoor air is the primary source, not air transferred
from other rooms. These values may be converted to l/s/m2 of floor area at national level depending
on the average density of occupation of dwellings.
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Note Table A1.4-1: Column 3 and 4: The ventilation air flow rates must be available when the rooms
are occupied. The design can take into account that not all bedrooms are occupied at the same time,
e.g. during daytime.
Table A2.1.4-2 Design CO2 concentrations in occupied rooms and in bedrooms

Category Design CO2 Design CO2
concentration for concentration for
occupied rooms bedrooms
(ppm above outdoors) (ppm above outdoors)
II
III
IV
Note table A2.1.4-2: 4; 7 and 10 l/s/person corresponds to an air change rate of 1,2; 2,0 and 2,9 ACH,
The above values in Table A2.1.4-4 correspond to the equilibrium concentration when the air flow
rate is 4, 7, 10 l/s for cat. I, II, III respectively and the CO2 emission is 20l /h and 13.6 l/h for living
rooms and bedrooms respectively respectively for a 10 m room (room height 2,5 m).
Table A2.1.4-3 gives a methodology for defining default design opening areas for natural ventilation
systems in dwelling. The opening areas must be provided as supply/extract grilles, stack ducts,
window grilles, or similar system.
Table A2.1.4-3 - Default design opening areas for dwellings (values to be defined on national
levels).Values for bedrooms and living rooms may be given per m floor area or as fixed values
per room.
Extract Supply
Kitchen, bathrooms and toilets Bedrooms and living rooms
2 2
(cm ) (cm )
Default design opening
area
A2.1.5 Ventilation air flow rate during unoccupied periods
A2.1.5.1 Non-residential buildings
In case the ventilation is shut off, the minimum amount of air to be delivered prior to occupation is by
default: 1 volume within two hours of the zone to be ventilated.
In case the ventilation is lowered, the total air flow rate for diluting emissions from building is between
0,15 and 0,6 l/s.m2 of floor area (table A2.1.2-2) .
A2.1.5.2 Residential buildings
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The total air flow rate needed to deal with building materials emissions is between 0,1 and 0,25
2
l/(s*m ) of floor area (Table A2.1.4-1).
A2.2 The Recommended criteria for dimensioning of humidification and de-

humidification
For buildings with no other humidity requirements than human occupancy (e.g. offices, schools and
residential buildings), humidification or dehumidification is usually not needed.
Usually humidification or dehumidification is needed only in special buildings like museums, certain
health care spaces, process control, paper industry etc.). If humidification or dehumidification is used
the values in the table A2.2-1 is recommended as design values under design conditions.
Table A2.2-1 Example of recommended design criteria for the humidity in occupied spaces if
humidification or dehumidification systems are installed
Type of building/space Category Design relative Design relative

humidity for humidity for
dehumidification, % humidification, %
Spaces where humidity I

criteria are set by
human occupancy. II
Special spaces
(museums, churches III
etc.) may require other
limits
Besides it is recommended to limit the absolute humidity to 12g/kg
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Annex A3
(normative)
Example on how to define low and very low polluting buildings
The building is low or very low polluted if the majority of the interior materials are low or very low
emitting. Low and very low emitting materials are stone, glass, ceramics and non-treated metal, which
are known to show no emissions into indoor air, and materials that show low or very low emissions
when tested in a ventilated test chamber after 28 days in line with CEN/TS16516 or ISO 16000-3/-6/-
9/-11, with the results calculated for the European Reference Room as specified in CEN/TS 16516.
Table A3-1: Criteria for the different building types.
SOURCE Low emitting products for low Very low emitting products for
polluted buildings very low polluted buildings
Total VOCs TVOC (as in

CEN/TS 16516)
Formaldehyde
Any C1A or C1B classified

carcinogenic VOC
R value (as in CEN/TS

16516)
Compliance can be shown by presentation of a test report, issued by a testing laboratory with an ISO
17025 accreditation, or by showing a valid attestation of compliance with any regulation or voluntary
label that includes the above (or more stringent) limit values after 28 days storage in a ventilated test
chamber (or earlier).
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Annex A4
(normative)
Examples of criteria for lighting
Table A4-1 Examples of criteria for some buildings and spaces according to EN 12464.
Ref. no. acc. to m UGRL Uo Ra

Type of area, task or activity Specific requirements
EN 12464-1:2011 lx
5.26.2 Offices - Writing, typing, reading, DSE-work, see 4.9

data processing, -
Lighting should be
5.26.5 Conference and meeting rooms controllable.
5.36.1-5.36.3 Educational buildings - Lighting should be controllable.

Classrooms, tutorial rooms,
Classroom for evening classes
and adults education, Auditorium,
lecture halls
5.36.24 Educational premises See EN 12193 for training

conditions.
Educational buildings - Sports
halls, gymnasiums, swimming
pools
Table A4-2 Daylight availability classification as a function of the daylight factor DCa,j of the
raw building carcass opening and DSNA 15193
Vertical Facades Roof lights Classification of daylight

availability
Daylight factor DCa,j Daylight factor DSNA
DCa,j 6 %
6 % > DCa,j 4 %
4 % > DCa,j 2 %
DCa,j < 2 %
a
Values of DSNA > 10 % should be avoided due to danger of overheating
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Annex A5
(normative)
Indoor system noise criteria of some spaces and buildings
Table A5-1 Examples of design Equivalent Continuous Sound Level, Leq, nT,A [dB(A)] for
continuous sources
Equivalent Continuous Sound Level

Building Type of space Leq, nT,A [dB(A)]
I II III
Living-room
Residential
Bedrooms
Auditoriums
Libraries
Places of assembly
Cinemas
Museums
Retail Stores
Commercial
Department stores, Supermarkets
Bedrooms
Hospitals Wards
Operating theatres
Hotel rooms
Hotels
Reception, Lobbies
Small offices
Offices Landscaped offices
Conference rooms
Cafeterias
Restaurants Bars, Dining rooms
Kitchens
Classrooms
Schools
Gymnasiums
Sport Covered sport facilities
Service rooms, Corridors
General
Toilets
The values given in Table A5-1 refer to noise generated by building service systems inside the
considered room.
The calculated values must be normalized with reference to the reverberation time of the considered
space. Typical reference value for residences, small offices and similar is 0.5 s and for large spaces
this is 0,8.
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Annex A6
(informative)
WHO health-based criteria for indoor air
Table A6-1, 2nd column gives suggested guideline values for indoor and outdoor air pollutants as
formulated by the World Health Organization (WHO). For some pollutants no indoor air requirements
have been defined yet by WHO. For those values only WHO outdoor requirements are presented, see
the 3rd column.
Table A6-1 WHO guidelines values for indoor and outdoor air pollutants.
WHO
WHO Air
Pollutant Indoor Air Quality guidelines
Quality guidelines 2005
2010
No safe level can be

Benzene -
determined
3
15 min. mean: 100 mg/m
3
1h mean: 35 mg/m
Carbon monoxide 3 -
8h mean: 10 mg/m
3
24h mean: 7 mg/m
3
Formaldehyde 30 min. mean: 100 g/m -
3
Naphthalene Annual mean: 10 g/m -
3
1h mean: 200 g/m
Nitrogen dioxide 3 -
Annual mean: 40 mg/m
Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons No safe level can be

-
(e.g. Benzo Pyrene A B[a]P) determined
3
100 Bq/m
3
Radon (sometimes 300 mg/m , -
country-specific)

Trichlorethylene -
determined
3
Tetrachloroethylene Annual mean: 250 g/m
3
10 min. mean: 500 g/m 24h
Sulfure dioxide - 3
mean: 20 mg/m
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3
Ozone - 8h mean:100 g/m
3
Particulate Matter 24h mean: 25 g/m
- 3
PM 2,5 Annual mean: 10 g/m
3
- 3
PM 10 Annual mean: 20 g/m
WHO Air Quality Guidelines values may be considered as reference for Indoor air Quality when no
other guideline or national recommendation for indoor air quality value exists. Due to health effects
confirmed at lower concentrations than current limit values and carcinogenic effect, the level of PAHs,
particles, benzene should always be kept as low as possible.
Table A6.1, 2nd column gives suggested guideline values for indoor air pollutants as formulated by
the World Health Organization (WHO). For some pollutants no indoor air requirements have been
defined yet by WHO. For those values only WHO outdoor requirements are presented, see the 3rd
column.
In case of specific indoor pollution, ventilation rates shall be adapted to optimize the diluting effect of
ventilation and additional air cleaning strategies can be considered.
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Annex A7
(informative)
Occupant schedules for energy calculations
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Annex B1
(informative)
Recommended criteria for the thermal environment
This annex includes all recommended criteria for the thermal environment.
B1.1 Recommended categories for mechanically heated and cooled buildings

Assuming different criteria for the PPD-PMV (EN ISO 7730) different categories of the indoor environment are
established. Recommended PPD ranges are given in the table B1.1-1. For the design and dimensioning
further criteria for the thermal environment (draught, vertical air temperature differences, floor temperature,
and radiant temperature asymmetry) shall be taken into account (see table B1.1-3
Table F.1.1-1 Examples of recommended categories for design of mechanical heated and cooled
buildings
Category Thermal state of the body as a whole
PPD Predicted
% Mean Vote
I <6 -0.2 < PMV < + 0.2
II < 10 -0.5 < PMV < + 0.5
III < 15 -0.7 < PMV < + 0.7
III < 25 -1.0 < PMV < + 1.0
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Table B1.1-2 presents design values for the indoor operative temperature in buildings that have active heating
systems in operation during winter season and active cooling systems during summer season.
Assumed clothing thermal insulation level for winter and summer (clo-value) and activity level (met-value) are
listed in table B1.1-2. Note that the operative temperature limits shall be adjusted when clothing levels and/or
activity levels are different from the values mentioned in the table.
Table B1.1-2 Examples of recommended design values of the indoor operative temperature in
winter and summer for buildings with mechanical cooling systems (for more examples see TR15251).
o
Type of building/ space Category Operative temperature C
Minimum for Maximum for

heating (winter cooling (summer
season), ~ 1,0 season), ~ 0,5 clo
clo
Residential buildings, living I 21,0 25,5
spaces (bed rooms, living
rooms , kitchens etc.) II 20,0 26,0
Sedentary activity ~1,2 met III 18,0 27,0

IV 16,0 28,0
Residential buildings, other I 18,0
spaces (utility rooms, storages
etc.) II 16,0
Standing-walking activity ~1,5 III 14,0

met
Offices and spaces with similar I 21,0 25,5

activity (single offices, open plan
offices, conference rooms, II 20,0 26,0
auditorium, cafeteria, restaurants,
class rooms, III 19,0 27,0
IV 18,0 28,0
Note: A 50% relative humidity level and low air velocity level (< 0.1 m/s) is assumed
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Table B1.1-3 gives criteria for local thermal discomfort parameters for the three categories for design of buildings and HVAC systems.
Table B1.1-3. Local thermal discomfort design criteria
Draught Vertical air Range of floor Radiant temperature asymmetry

temperature temperature
difference
(head-ankle)
PD Maximum air PD Temp. PD Floor surface PD Warm Cool Cool Warm

a b
(Draught velocity Difference temperature ceiling wall ceiling wall
Rate) range
Winter summer
[m/s]
[%] [m/s] [%] [C] [%] [C] [%] [C] [C] [C] [C]
c
Category I 10 0,10 0,12 3 2 10 19 to 29 5 <5 < 10 < 14 < 23
c
Category II 20 0,16 0,19 5 3 10 19 to 29 5 <5 < 10 < 14 < 23
c
Category III 30 0,21 0,24 10 4 15 17 to 31 10 <7 < 13 < 18 < 35
a
Assuming an activity level of 1,2 met, a turbulence intensity of 40% and an air temperature of around 20 C in winter and 23 C in summer
b
Difference between 1,1 and 0,1 m above the floor
c
When the air temperature is above 25 C higher maximum air speeds are allowed and often even preferred (draught becomes pleasurable breeze); but only under the
condition that occupants have direct control over the air speed.
For more information, see EN-ISO 7730 and TR15251
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B1.2 Acceptable indoor temperatures for buildings without mechanical

cooling systems.
In figure B1.2-1 recommended ranges of indoor operative temperatures are presented for buildings
without mechanical cooling systems as function of the external running mean temperature, defined
below. This alternative method only applies for spaces without strict clothing policies where thermal
conditions are regulated primarily by the occupants through opening and closing of openings
(windows) in the building envelope.
During the summer season and during the shoulder seasons (spring and autumn) so-called adaptive
criteria (upper and lower temperature limits that change with the running mean outside temperature)
shall be applied (see the cat. I, II and III upper and lower limits in Figure B1.2-1).
During the winter season, the same temperature limits shall be applied as presented in Annex B1.1.
for buildings with mechanical cooling systems (winter upper and lower limits are not presented in
figure B1.2-1).
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o = indoor operative temperature, oC
o
rm = Running mean external temperature C
Cat. III upper limit

Cat. II upper limit
Cat. I upper limit
Comfort temperature
Cat. I lower limit
Cat. II lower limit
Cat. III lower limit
Figure B1.2-1 Design values for the indoor operative temperature for buildings without
mechanical cooling systems as a function of the exponentially-weighted running mean of the
external temperature.
The external running mean temperature is calculated by means of eq. (1)

2
rm = (1- ).{ ed -1 + . ed -2 + ed -3..} (1)
(2)
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Where
o
rm = External Running mean temperature for the considered day ( C).
rm-1 = running mean external air temperature for previous day
= constant between 0 and 1 (recommended value is 0.8)
ed-i = daily mean external air temperature for the i-th previous day
The following approximate equation shall be used where records of daily running mean external
temperature are not available:
rm = (ed -1 + 0,8 ed -2 + 0,6 ed -3 + 0,5 ed -4 + 0,4 ed -5 + 0,3 ed -6 + 0,2 ed -7)/3,8 (3)
The operative temperatures presented in figure B1.2-1 must only be used for office buildings and
other buildings of similar type used mainly for human occupancy with mainly sedentary activities,
where there is easy access to operable windows and occupants may freely adapt their clothing to the
indoor and/or outdoor thermal conditions.
The allowable indoor operative temperatures of figure B1.2-1 are plotted against the running mean
external temperature rm. This is defined as the exponentially weighted running mean of the daily
external temperature (see equations (2) and (3)).
The equations representing the lines in figure B1 are:
Category I upper limit: o = 0,33rm+ 18,8 + 2
lower limit: o = 0,33 rm + 18,8 - 3
Category II upper limit: o = 0,33 rm + 18,8 + 3
lower limit: o = 0,33 rm + 18,8 - 4
Category III upper limit: o = 0,33 rm + 18,8 + 4
lower limit: o = 0,33 rm + 18,8 5
The dotted line in the middle refers to the optimal operative temperature. The equation representing
this line is:
c = 0,33rm+ 18,8
o
where o = indoor operative temperature, C
o
rm = running mean external temperature, C
o
c = Optimal operative temperature, C
o
The limits only apply when 10 <rm < 30 C.
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B1.3 Increased air velocity

Under summer comfort conditions with indoor operative temperatures > 25 C artificially increased air
velocity can be used to compensate for increased air temperatures according to Table B1.3-1 only if
the increased air velocity is under personal control. The correction value depends on the air speed
range of the appliance
Table B1.3-1 Indoor operative temperature correction (o) applicable for buildings equipped
with fans or personal systems providing building occupants with personal control over air
speed at occupant level.
Average Air Speed (Va) Average Air Speed (Va) Average Air Speed (Va)
0.6 m/s 0.9 m/s 1.2 m/s
1.2C 1.8C 2.2C
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B1.4 Recommended indoor temperatures for energy calculations
Table B.1-4 Temperature ranges for hourly calculation of cooling and heating energy in
three categories of indoor environment.
Type of building or space Category Temperature range for Temperature range
o o
heating, C for cooling, C
Clothing ~ 1,0 clo Clothing ~ 0,5 clo
Residential buildings, living spaces (bed I 21,0 -25,0 23,5 - 25,5

rooms, kitchens, living rooms etc.)
II 20,0-25,0 23,0 - 26,0
III 18,0- 25,0 22,0 - 27,0
IV 17,0-25,0 21,0 28,0
Residential buildings, other spaces I 18,0-25,0

(utility rooms, storages etc.)
II 16,0-25,0
Standing-walking activity ~1,5 met
III 14,0-25,0
Offices and spaces with similar activity I 21,0 23,0 23,5 - 25,5
(single offices, open plan offices,
conference rooms, auditoria, cafeteria, II 20,0 24,0 23,0 - 26,0
restaurants, class rooms,
III 19,0 25,0 22,0 - 27,0
IV 17,0-25,0 21,0 28,0
NOTE: During the between heating and cooling seasons (with rm between 10 and 15) temperature
limits that lie in between the winter and summer values may be used. Air velocity is assumed < 0,1
m/s and RH~40% for heating season and 60% for cooling season
The mean design operative temperature can vary from the values shown to take account of e.g. local
custom or a desire for energy saving so long as the within-day variation from the design temperature
is within the given range, and the occupants are given time and opportunity to adapt to the modified
design temperature.
During the between heating and cooling seasons (with rm between around 10 and 15 C) adjusted
upper and lower temperature limits may be used that lie in between the winter and summer values
mentioned in table B1.3-1.
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Annex B2
(informative)
Basis for the criteria for indoor air quality and ventilation rates
B2.1 Design ventilation air flow rates
B2.1.1 General
Due to health reasons the minimum airflow rate is 4 l/s per person (Table B2.1.2-2) and the WHO
Guideline values in Annex B6 is met. The default air flow rates given in this Annex B2 are design
ventilation air flow rates.
The default air flow rates given in this Annex assume complete mixing in the room (concentration of
pollutants is equal in exhaust and in occupied zone). For non-residential buildings ventilation rates
shall be adjusted by the ventilation effectiveness according to EN13779 if the air distribution differs
from complete mixing.
B2.1.2 METHOD 1: method based on perceived air quality
The design ventilation rate is calculated from two components (a) ventilation to dilute/remove pollution
from the occupants (bioeffluents) and (b) ventilation to remove/dilute pollution from the building and
systems. The ventilation for each category is the sum of these two components as illustrated with the
equation (1) in 6.2.2.2.
The ventilation rates for occupants are presented for non-adapted.
The total ventilation rate will then depend on occupancy density and building type. Examples of the
total ventilation rates for non-industrial, non-residential buildings based on these values with default
occupancy density are shown in TR15251.
A building is by default a low-polluting building unless prior activity has resulted in pollution of the
building (e.g. smoking). In this case, the building shall be regarded as non-low polluting. The category
very low-polluting requires that the majority of building materials used for finishing the interior surfaces
meet the national or international criteria of very low-polluting materials. An example of how to define
very low-polluting building materials is given in Annex B3.
Values for occupants (qp ) only are listed in Table B2.1.2-1
Table B2.1.2-1 Design ventilation rates for non-adapted persons for diluting emissions
(bioeffluents) from people for different categories
Category Expected Airflow per non-
Percentage adapted person
Dissatisfied
l/(s per person)
I 15 10
II 20 7
III 30 4
IV 40 2,5*
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The ventilation rates (qB) for the building emissions are calculated according to Table B2.1.2-2:
Table B2.1.2-2 Design ventilation rates for diluting emissions from different type of buildings
Category Very low polluting Low polluting building Non low-polluting
building building
2
l/(s m )
2 2
l/(s m ) l/(s m )
I 0,5 1,0 2,0
II 0,35 0,7 1,4
III 0,2 0,4 0,8
IV 0,15 0,3 0,6
Minimum total
ventilation rate for 4 l/s per person 4 l/s per person 4 l/s per person
health
The total ventilation rate must never be lower than 4 l/s per person
2
Table B2.1.2-3. Example of design ventilation air flow rates for a single-person office of 10 m
in a low polluting building (un-adapted person)
Category Low- Airflow per non- Total design ventilation air flow rate for the
polluting adapted person room
building
2
l/(s per person) l/s l/(s per person) l/(s* m )
2
l/(s*m )
I 1,0 10 20 20 2
II 0,7 7 14 14 1,4
III 0,4 4 8 8 0,8
IV 0,3 2,5 5,5 5,5 0,55
B2.1.3 METHOD 2 - method using limit values of gas concentration
The design ventilation rates are calculated based on a steady state mass balance equation for the
pollutants concentration in the space taking into account the outdoor pollutant concentration.
If CO2 is used as a tracer of human occupancy, the default limit values are extracted from Table
B2.1.3.5. Further recommended criteria for the CO2 calculation are included in TR15251. The listed
CO2 values can also be used for Demand Controlled Ventilation.
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Table B2.1.3-1. Default design CO2 concentrations above outdoor concentration

assuming a standard CO2 emission of 20 L/(h per person).
Category Corresponding CO2 concentration
above outdoors in PPM for non-adapted
persons
I 550 (10)
II 800 (7)
III 1350 (4)
IV 1350 (4)
B2.1.4 Ventilation air flow rates for residential buildings
Pre-defined ventilation air flow rates can be given on national level based on one or more of
the following criteria: total air change rate for the dwelling, supply air flows for specific rooms,
exhaust air flows from specific rooms.
This Annex gives in Table B2.1.4-1 the default values for the three criteria. It is assumed that
air is supplied in living rooms and extracted from wet rooms.
Both the total air flow rate for the entire dwelling and the exhaust air flow rate from wet
rooms shall be calculated The higher of the two shall be used
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Table B2.1.4-1 Criteria based on pre-defined ventilation air flow rates: Total ventilation (1),
Supply air flow (2) and (3) supplemented by exhaust air flow.
Supply air flow Supply air flow
Total Supply Exhaust air flow
Cat based on for bedrooms
ventilation air flow
e perceived IAQ
including air per. peak or boost flow for high
for adapted
infiltration person demand
gor persons
y (4)
( 1) (2) l/s
(3)
l/s per person

Bath-
qp qB Kit-chen Toilets
2 rooms
l/s,m ach l/s*per
2
l/s*per l/s,m (3a) (3c)
(3b)
I 0,49 0,7 10 3,5 0,25 10 28 20 14
II 0,42 0,6 7 2,5 0,15 8 20 15 10
III 0,35 0,5 4 1,5 0,1 4 14 10 7
IV* 0,23 0,4 2,5* 10 6 4
NOTES
Column 3 and 4: The ventilation air flow rates must be available when the rooms are occupied.
The design can take into account that not all bedrooms are occupied at the same time, e.g.
during daytime
The number of persons in bedroom depends on the size according to design criteria and
building regulations
* Category IV is intended for the evaluation of IAQ in existing buildings where the space for
installations are limited.
Supply air flow for method 3 is based on eq (1) from section 6.2.2.2
qtot =n q p + AR qB Eq (1)
where
qp = ventilation rate for occupancy, l/(s* per person)
2
AR = dwelling floor area, m
2
The values in Table B2.1.4-1 assume that supply air is outdoor air, not air transferred from other
2
rooms. These values may be converted to l/(s m ) of floor area at national level depending on the
average density of occupation of dwellings.
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Table B2.1.4-2 Design CO2 concentrations in occupied living rooms and bedrooms
Category Design CO2 Design CO2
concentration for living concentration for
rooms bedrooms
(ppm above outdoors) (ppm above outdoors)
I 550 380
II 800 550
III 1350 950
IV 1350 950
NOTES
The above values in Table B2.1.4-4 correspond to the equilibrium

concentration when the air flow rate is 4, 7, 10 l/s per person for cat. I,
II, III respectively and the CO2 emission is 20 l /h per person and 13.6
l/h per person for living rooms and bedrooms respectively.
3
For a 10 m room (room height 2,5 m, 25 m ) 4; 7 and 10 l/s per
person correspond, with two persons in the room, to an air change rate
of 1,2; 2,0 and 2,9 ACH
Table B2.1.4-3 gives a methodology for defining default design opening areas for natural ventilation
systems in dwelling. The opening areas must be provided as supply/extract grilles, stack ducts,
window grilles, or similar system.
Table B2.1.4-3 - Default design opening areas for dwellings. Values for bedrooms and living
rooms may be given per m floor area or as fixed values per room.
Extract Supply
Kitchen, bathrooms and toilets Bedrooms and living rooms
2 2
(cm ) (cm )
Default design opening 100 per room 60 per room
area
B2.1.5 Ventilation air flow rate during unoccupied periods
B2.1.5.1 Non-residential buildings
In case the ventilation is shut off, the minimum amount of air to be delivered prior to occupation is by
default: 1 volume within two hours of the zone to be ventilated.
In case the ventilation is lowered, the total air flow rate for diluting emissions from building is between
2
0,15 and 0,6 l/s.m of floor area (table B2.1.2-2) .
B2.1.5.2 Residential buildings
The total air flow rate needed to deal with building materials emissions is between 0,1 and 0,15
2
l/(s*m ) of floor area (Table B2.1.4-1).
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B2.2 The Recommended criteria for dimensioning of humidification and de-

humidification
For buildings with no other humidity requirements than human occupancy (e.g. offices, schools and
residential buildings), humidification or dehumidification is usually not needed.
Usually humidification or dehumidification is needed only in special buildings like museums, certain
health care spaces, process control, paper industry etc.). If humidification or dehumidification is used
the values in the table B2.2-1 is recommended as design values under design conditions.
Table B2.2-1 Example of recommended design criteria for the humidity in occupied spaces if
humidification or dehumidification systems are installed
Type of building/space Category Design relative Design relative

humidity for humidity for
dehumidification, % humidification, %
Spaces where humidity I 50 30

criteria are set by
human occupancy. II 60 25
Special spaces
(museums, churches III 70 20
etc.) may require other
limits
Besides it is recommended to limit the absolute humidity to 12g/kg
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Annex B3
(informative)
Example on how to define low and very low polluting buildings
The building is low or very low polluted if the majority of the interior materials are low or very low
emitting. Low and very low emitting materials are stone, glass, ceramics and non-treated metal, which
are known to show no emissions into indoor air, and materials that show low or very low emissions
when tested in a ventilated test chamber after 28 days in line with CEN/TS16516 or ISO 16000-3/-6/-
9/-11, with the results calculated for the European Reference Room as specified in CEN/TS 16516.
Table B3-1: Criteria for the different building types.
SOURCE Low emitting products for low Very low emitting products for
polluted buildings very low polluted buildings
Total VOCs TVOC (as in < 1.000 g/m < 300 g/m
CEN/TS 16516)
Formaldehyde < 100 g/m < 30 g/m
Any C1A or C1B classified < 5 g/m < 5 g/m

carcinogenic VOC
R value (as in CEN/TS < 1.0 < 1.0

16516)
Compliance can be shown by presentation of a test report, issued by a testing laboratory with an ISO
17025 accreditation, or by showing a valid attestation of compliance with any regulation or voluntary
label that includes the above (or more stringent) limit values after 28 days storage in a ventilated test
chamber (or earlier).
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Annex B4
(informative)
Examples of criteria for lighting
Table B4-1 Examples of criteria for some buildings and spaces according to EN 12464.
Ref. no. acc. to m UGRL Uo Ra

Type of area, task or activity Specific requirements
EN 12464-1:2011 lx
5.26.2 Offices - Writing, typing, reading, 500 19 0,60 80 DSE-work, see 4.9
data processing, -
Lighting should be
5.26.5 Conference and meeting rooms controllable.
5.36.1-5.36.3 Educational buildings - 500 19 0,60 80 Lighting should be controllable.

Classrooms, tutorial rooms,
Classroom for evening classes
and adults education, Auditorium,
lecture halls
5.36.24 Educational premises 300 22 0,60 80 See EN 12193 for training

conditions.
Educational buildings - Sports
halls, gymnasiums, swimming
pools
Table B4-2 Daylight availability classification as a function of the daylight factor DCa,j of the
raw building envelop opening and DSNA 15193
Vertical Facades Roof lights Classification of daylight

availability
Daylight factor DCa,j Daylight factor DSNA
a
DCa,j 6 % 7 % < DSNA Strong
6 % > DCa,j 4 % 7 % > DSNA 4 % Medium
4 % > DCa,j 2 % 4 % > DSNA 2 % Low
DCa,j < 2 % 2 % > DSNA 0 % None
a
Values of DSNA > 10 % should be avoided due to danger of overheating
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Annex B5
(informative)
Indoor system noise criteria of some spaces and buildings
Table B5-1 Examples of design Equivalent Continuous Sound Level, Leq, nT,A [dB(A)] for
continuous sources
Equivalent Continuous Sound Level

Building Type of space Leq, nT,A [dB(A)]
I II III
Living-room 30 35 40
Residential
Bedrooms 25 30 35
Auditoriums 24 28 32
Libraries 25 30 35
Places of assembly
Cinemas 24 28 32
Museums 28 32 36
Retail Stores 35 40 45
Commercial
Department stores, Supermarkets 40 45 50
Bedrooms 25 30 35
Hospitals Wards 32 36 40
Operating theatres 35 40 45
Hotel rooms 25 30 35
Hotels
Reception, Lobbies 30 35 40
Small offices 30 35 40
Offices Landscaped offices 35 40 45
Conference rooms 30 35 40
Cafeterias 35 40 45
Restaurants Bars, Dining rooms 32 36 40
Kitchens 45 50 55
Classrooms 30 34 38
Schools
Gymnasiums 35 40 45
Sport Covered sport facilities 35 40 45
Service rooms, Corridors 35 40 45
General
Toilets 35 45 55
The values given in Table B5-1 refer to noise generated inside the considered room by building
service systems.
The calculated values must be normalized with reference to the reverberation time of the considered
space. Typical reference value for residences, small offices and similar is 0.5 s and for large spaces
this is 0,8.
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Annex B6
(informative)
WHO health-based criteria for indoor air
Table B6-1, 2nd column gives suggested guideline values for indoor and outdoor air pollutants as
formulated by the World Health Organization (WHO). For some pollutants no indoor air requirements
have been defined yet by WHO. For those values only WHO outdoor requirements are presented, see
the 3rd column.
Table B6-1 WHO guidelines values for indoor and outdoor air pollutants.
WHO
WHO Air
Pollutant Indoor Air Quality guidelines
Quality guidelines 2005
2010

Benzene -
determined
3
15 min. mean: 100 mg/m
3
1h mean: 35 mg/m
Carbon monoxide 3 -
8h mean: 10 mg/m
3
24h mean: 7 mg/m
3
Formaldehyde 30 min. mean: 100 g/m -
3
Naphthalene Annual mean: 10 g/m -
3
1h mean: 200 g/m
Nitrogen dioxide 3 -
Annual mean: 40 mg/m
Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons No safe level can be

-
(e.g. Benzo Pyrene A B[a]P) determined
3
100 Bq/m
3
Radon (sometimes 300 mg/m , -
country-specific)

Trichlorethylene -
determined
3
Tetrachloroethylene Annual mean: 250 g/m
3
10 min. mean: 500 g/m 24h
Sulfure dioxide - 3
mean: 20 mg/m
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3
Ozone - 8h mean:100 g/m
3
- 3
PM 2,5 Annual mean: 10 g/m
3
- 3
PM 10 Annual mean: 20 g/m
WHO Air Quality Guidelines values may be considered as reference for Indoor air Quality when no
other guideline or national recommendation for indoor air quality value exists. Due to health effects
confirmed at lower concentrations than current limit values and carcinogenic effect, the level of PAHs,
particles, benzene should always be kept as low as possible.
In case of specific indoor pollution, ventilation rates shall be adapted to optimize the diluting effect of
ventilation and additional air cleaning strategies can be considered.
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Annex B7
(informative)
Occupants schedules for energy calculations
The following Occupant schedules are default for input to calculations of energy use in a building.
The criteria used for room temperatures, ventilation, and humidity is based on Category II and very
low-polluted building. The internal loads from appliances is based on recent values from a study by
REHVA.
For lighting the internal loads will be provided by prENxxxxx. Also for lighting the listed Lux-values are
simplified. In a real space the lighting requirements will vary from work place to work place depending
on type of Task
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BSI Group Headquarters

Title: Draft BS EN 16798-1 Energy performance of buildings

Responsible Committee Secretary: Mrs Nyomee Hla-Shwe Tun (BSI)

1 2 (3) 4 5 (6) (7)

No./Annex Figure/ ment MB comment submitted

(e.g. 3.1) Table/Note

The use of the UV photometer as an

alternative cannot be supported as

Delete reference to UV photometer.

serious problems have been encountered in its

use in the UK.

ICS 91.120.10; 91.140.01 Will supersede EN 15251:2007

Energy performance of buildings - Part 1: Indoor environmental

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels

This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.

This document will supersede EN 15251:2007.

This standard specifies occupancy schedules to be used in standard energy calculations.

EN ISO 8996, Ergonomics Determination of metabolic heat production

EN ISO 13791, Thermal Performance of Buildings Calculation of Internal Temperatures in a Room in

EN 12193, Light and lighting Sports Lighting

EN 12792, Ventilation for Buildings Symbols, Terminology and Graphical Symbols

EN 12831, Heating systems in buildings-Calculation of the heating load

prEN 15193-1, Energy performance of buildings - Energy requirements for lighting

3 Terms and definitions

3.17 Optimal operative temperature

4 Symbols and abbreviations

o = indoor operative temperature, oC

rm-i = Running mean external temperature

qp= ventilation rate for persons, l/(s per person)

Qh = ventilation rate required for dilution, in litre per second;

Gh = pollution load of a pollutant, in micrograms per second;

Ch, = guideline value of a pollutant, in micrograms per litre;

Ch,o = supply concentration of a pollutant at air intake, in micrograms per litre;

v = ventilation effectiveness (EN13779)

Lp,A= A-weighed sound pressure level, dB(A)

Leq, nT,A = Equivalent continuous sound pressure level

E = Illuminance (at a point or surface), lx

Ra = Colour rendering index

UGR = Unified Glare Rating

PPD = Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfied, %

PMV = Predicted Mean Vote

Daylight factor DCa,j

Daylight factor DSNA

5 Interactions with other standards

Table 1: Description of the applicability of the categories used.

II Normal level of expectation

III An acceptable, moderate level of expectation

Building automation &

Ways to Express Ways to Ways to Express

Building Solar Heat Generation &

Measured Measured Measured

11 Inspection 11 Inspection 11 Inspection

6 Design input criteria for dimensioning of buildings, heating, cooling, ventilation

6.1 Thermal environment

6.1.1 Mechanically heated and/or cooled buildings

For establishing design criteria the following procedure shall be used.

6.1.1.1 Local thermal discomfort

6.1.2 Buildings without mechanical cooling

6.1.3 Increased air velocity

6.2 Design for Indoor air quality (ventilation rates)

6.2.1.1 Source control

6.2.1.3 Time periods used for determining air flow rates