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Chapter 9 Nucleus
Lesson plans
roll number_______9________
Medical Cell
Course Title Major clinic Class
Biology
Professional undergradu
Teacher Xiamixinuer.Yilike Plan hours 8 hours level ate course
Professional The time of
Biology Professor
Title writing
Name of the
Chapter 9: The Cell Nucleus Using time
Lecture
Teaching Purposes: To learn ultrastructure and basic functions of nucleus.
Teaching Teaching Requirements:
Purposes 1. Mastering: ultrastructure of nuclear envelope; nuclear pore complex;
and composition and four levels organization of chromatin; packaging of chromatin;
Requiremen types of chromatin.
t 2. Comprehending: structure and function of nucleolus; function of nuclear pore
complex; process of RNA processing.
3 U d t di b i f ti f l l ti
Important Important points ultrastructure of nuclear envelope,nucleolus,chromatin and
and Difficult chromosome
points Difficult points: structure and function of nucleolus. Condensed model of
chromatin
Update
teaching increase a case.
content
Teaching Teaching methods Multimedia lectures given . Heuristic teaching methods will
methods be used.
and
organizational arrangements ultrastructure of nuclear envelope3 hours,four
organization
levels organization of chromatin; packaging of chromatin; types of chromatin.2
al
hours,chromosome and nucleolus will be teach 2 hours,
arrangemen
Teaching multiedia will be used.
tools
text book Cell Biology , China Medical University6th edition
Textbook
and Reference 1.Essential Cell Biology.Bruce Alberts2.Cell and Molecular
reference BiologyGerald Karp3. Molecular Biology Disc4. Lysosomes in biology
books and pathology J. T. Dingle5.The cytoskeleton: an introductory survey/
Q28/C74,M. Schliwa;6.Essentials of cell biology/2d ed. Q28/C71=2,Dyson,
collective
preparation Mainly Teach the ultrastructures of nucleus.
of
instruction
Opinion of Agreed to carry out prepared the lessons plan. Give attention to use appopirate
the teaching methods . signature of the
department dean
Print the sheet alone and let students finish it before the class in 10min
12. Which group of proteins are motor proteins that interact with microtubules?
and .
15. The three types of protein filaments that form the cytoskeleton,they are , and
16. Tubulin formed by and two kinds of monosomic forms.
17. A triplet microtubule has protofilaments.
25. Compare the structure, diameter, protein subunit among three types of
cytoskeleton.
Property Microtubules Microfilaments Intermediate Filaments
Structure
Diameter
Protein
Subunit
Teaching Requirements:
1. Mastering: ultrastructure of nuclear envelop; nuclear pore complex; composition and
four levels organization of chromatin; packaging of chromatin; types of chromatin.
Textbook
<Cell Biology> Abridgen by department of Cell Biology China Medical
University,sixth edition,2000.
Reference
(1) Arberts, B. et al. Molecular Biology of the Cell, Garland Publishing, Inc.
2002, 2004, 2008.
(3) Karp, G. Cell and Molecular Biology--Concepts and Experiments, John &
Whley Sons, Inc. 2002, 2005, 2007.
(4) Lodish H. et al. Molecular Cell Biology, W.H.Freeman, Inc. 1999, 2007.
(5) Becker W.M. The World of the Cell, The Benjamin/Cummings Publishing
Company. 2000 .
Biology Department of Xinjiang Medical University
Teaching Plan of Cell Biology
(6) Kleinsmith L.J and Kish V.M. Principles of Cell and Molecular Biology,
Harper Collins College Publishers. 1995.
Teaching Outline
(3) Molecules enter and exit the nucleus through nuclear pore complex
(1) Nucleosomes
4. Nucleolus
(1) Structure
Nucleus
Double-membrane nuclear envelope surrounds the tipical
interphase nucleus.
The functions of NPC are molecules enter and exit the nucleus through nuclear pore
complex by passive transport and active transport.There are 3000-4000
NPC/cell(mammalian); To import about 106 histone/3 mins.(DNA-sythesizing cell) =
100 histone/ min/NPC.Each NPC contains one or more open aqueous channels: 9 nm
in diameter and 15 nm long <10 nm in diameter, <60kd globular protein Able to enter
the nucleus.The effective size of these channels has been determined by injecting
various sizes of colloidal gold particles and examined by electron microscopy.see
picture
Pore diameter is about 9nm but much larger objects, including ribosomal subunits can
pass through (albeit slower than smaller molecules). This implies that recognition of
appropriate signal allows temporary stretching of the pore.Energy is required.
The folding level of chromatin:The popular multiple coiling model: Scaffold radial
loop structure model
loops. 2nm DNA 11nm nucleosome 30nm fiber Loop Metaphase chromosome
First degree:Nucleosomes ;Second degree: Filament 10nm in diameter ; Third level:
Fiber,30nm in diameter and Fourth level: Chromosome.
Isolated from interphase nucleus: 30nm thick Chromatin unpacked, show the
nuclesome
and form solenoid. The inside diameter of solenoid is about 11nm, and the outside
diameter is 30 nm.After the second folding, the length of DNA is further condensed 6
times,
The third packing structure of chromatin:Is supersolenoid.after further folding,
solenoid form the third folding level ---supersolenoid. its about 300-400nm diameter
and 11-60 nm long, the DNA is condensed by 40 times.
As a result, after packing four times, the DNA is condensed nearly 10000 times
(76405 is equal to 8400), a 5cm length of DNA become a 5m long chromosome.
The 5m chromosome is very easy to package into the nucleus.
Chromosome:
NOR in brief. The main function of NOR is to tran script the ribosomal RNA or
rRNA briefly.
Dense fibrillar component:Consists of many RNA
molecules;
Granular component:The granules are the
maturing ribosomes, outside of the nucleolus the
function of nucleolus?
Synthesize rRNA and package(assembly) ribosome.
We also say that: The nucleolus is a ribosome--
producing machine.
b. The function of nucleolus:
Ribosomal Biogenesis ,All the cells
ribosomes are assembled in the
nucleolus.Firstly. DNA in NOR transcript a
long 45s rRNA. it's intact. Mixed with more
Small ribosomal subunits. The 18s rRNA is connected with 33 kinds of proteins, aid
form small ribosomal subunits. Which leave tile nucleus through the pore. And come
up in the cytoplasm. It's about 40s in weight finally.
large ribosomal subunit:28s 5.8s and 5s rRNA
mixed with other 49 kinds of proteins from the
cytoplasm form the large ribosomal subunit.
About 60s in weight finally. By the way 5s rRNA
come from the cytoplasm. Which subunit is
firstly appeared in the cytoplasm. Synthesis and
processing of 5s rRNA, The nucleolus disappears
during mitosis
5s rRNAs are encoded by a large number genes (Human, 2000); 5s rRNA gene
are located outside the nucleolus.5s rRNAs are transcibed by RNA poly III.The 3
end of 5s rRNA is removed during processing.
Assembly of ribosome:
Review:
5. Any Questions??
7. Cell
8. Nature
9. Science
10. EMBO
Biology Department of Xinjiang Medical University
Teaching Plan of Cell Biology
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