Psychrometrics Relative Humidity (%)

Humidity Ratio (Grains of water vapor per pound of dry air)

0%
%
%
%
%

%
Point A represents the ambient

90
80
70
60

50

40
10
entering air, upstream of the
200
fogging system.
Why Fog Cooling? 85 Wet
Bul
Point B represents the b Tem
175

treated air, downstream of the 80 per

atu 30%
fogging system. re ( 150
The cooler the air, the denser it is. Dense air provides higher mass 75 B F)
125
flow rates and pressure ratios, increasing gas turbine power 70
A 20%
output. Inlet air cooling is the most cost-effective way to improve 65 100
60
gas turbine efficiency. 55 75
50 10%
Inlet air can be cooled using a variety of systems, including 45 50
40
35
cooling coils, evaporative cooling, and fog cooling. Since Braden 30 25
designs all three types of cooling systems, your application will 25
35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120
receive an unbiased technical recommendation.
Dry Bulb Temperature (F)
Source: ASHRAE Psychrometric Chart No.1
Cooling Goals
The Best Cooling System for the Investment
The Shortest Possible Payback
A Design based on Actual Needs (not over or under-designed)
Fabrication to the Highest Quality Standards
A Comprehensive Maintenance Program for Continued
High Performance
Site-Specific Cooling Requirements &
Design
Braden selects the city closest to the installation site with hourly
weather data. Braden then plots the hourly Dry Bulb and Wet
Bulb temperatures during the target cooling week for that city so
as to calculate the actual cooling needs.

Temperature Correction Factor

Comparison of Fog Cooling vs. Evaporative Cooling
1.500
Saturation Level Near 100% (or more, if desired) 88-90% with 12" - 14" media
1.400
Cooling Control Electronically-Controlled to any cooling level Less precise cooling control
1.300
Pressure Drop <0.25" @ 650 FPM velocity 0.4" @ 650 FPM velocity and
1.200
88% efficiency
CORRECTION FACTOR

1.100
Installed Cost Less than evaporative More than fogging
1.000
Water Use Less than evaporative; More than fogging;
0.900
Demineralized water required Uses service water
0.800
Installation Time 3 to 4x faster than ev aporative 3 to 4x slower than fogging
0.700
Shutdown to Install? Yes, but can be installed in 2 days Must shutdown (one week or more)
0.600

0.500
Other Considerations Requires careful pump-skid Particulate scrubbing capability;
-20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 design & maintenance; Time-tested process;
TEMPERATURE, F Requires demineralized water; Retrofit may require rainhoods &
Over-saturation causes corrosion additional structural supports
POWER HEAT RATE
& run-off considerations
 Braden
internal-vane nozzle

Impaction
pin
nozzle

Shown above are the fog nozzle

attachment methods used by Braden.

How Fog Cooling Works

A series of stainless steel tubing arrays distribute demineralized

water under high (800 to 3500 psi) pressure to specially-
designed nozzles. The nozzles, in turn, atomize the water into
droplets. Droplet size is dependent upon the pressure and flow.
The shorter the residence time of the water droplets (i.e. prior to
entering the compressor of the combustion turbine), the
smaller the droplet needs to be so as to assure complete
evaporation.
Braden prefers the internal-vane nozzle because it does not drip,
unlike the impaction-pin nozzle, where the pin is an Careful pump-skid design includes the proper sizing of pumps and the standardization of
obstruction in the water stream. This causes large droplets to process controls. Braden has engineered pump-skids for over 20 years.

form and fall.

The GT OEMs First Choice

Braden is the single-source supplier for all of your GT plants
filtration, cooling, inlet, outlet, silencing and exhaust needs. We
Braden Fogging System
have unsurpassed experience in the new construction and located at a Texas gulf coast
chemical company sized for
retrofit of these systems. Our offerings include complete turnkey a frame 7EA gas turbine.
capabilities.
In turn, gas turbine OEMs have encouraged Braden to offer fog
cooling systems because of our 29 years of knowledge,
engineering experience, and accountability for the overall
performance and longevity of GT plants.
The turbine manufacturers recognize that no other company is
better equipped than Braden to integrate a fog cooling system
into a GT plant.

Braden typical installed access door.

 Braden Systems For Gas Turbines

HRSG Exhaust Stack Exhaust Bypass Stack

Exhaust Silencer
Inlet Ductwork Inlet Silencer

B.E. Diverter Damper Inlet Air

Cooling Systems

Filter House

HRSG (Deltak)

Exhaust Diffuser
or Plenum

Expansion Joints

Inlet Air
Anti-Icing Systems
Intake Support Structure

Braden Braden-Europe B.V. Other Global Energy Equipment Group Companies:

Manufacturing, LLC Deltak - Heat Recovery Deltak Asia
Grasbroekerweg 114 Steam Generators
5199 North Mingo Road 6412 BH Heerlen Representative Office
Tulsa, Oklahoma 74117 USA The Netherlands 2905 Northwest Boulevard 10 Anson Road
Suite 150 #25-12 International Plaza
Tel: 918-272-5371 Tel: 31-(0) 45-5615-420 Minneapolis, MN 55441 USA Singapore 079903
Fax: 918-272-7414 Fax: 31-(0) 45-5726-161
Tel: 612-557-7440 Tel: 65-227-6823
E-mail: Sales@braden.com E-mail: Fax: 612-557-4700 Fax: 65-227-8375
Websites: www.braden.com BradenEurope@BradenEurope.com
www.bradenfilters.com E-mail: boilers@deltak.com
Braden-Mexico Website: www.deltak.com

Libramiento Noroeste KM. 112.2

Garcia, N.L.
Mexico C.P. 66000
2000 Braden Manufacturing LLC. TriCel, ExCel and PFS-4 are trademarks of Braden Manufacturing. Braden is a registered
05-C-2.5-02-01
trademark of Braden Manufacturing LLC. All other trademarks are the sole property of their respective owners.