Notes 2017

Computer
Lecture 4
Supercomputer
A supercomputer is a computer that perfoms at or near the currently highest
operational rate for computers is typically used for specific and engineering
applications that must handle very large database or do a great amount of
computation.

Mainframe computer
A very large and expensive computer capable of supporting hunderds, or even
thousand, of users simultaneously.

Minicomputer
Minicomputer lies b/w markstations.

Desktop
These are also called microcomputers . low-end destops are called PCs and
high end once workstations these are generally consisting of a single
processor.

Portables
Portable computer is a personal computer that is designed to be easily transport
and relocated , but is larger and less convenient to transport than a note book
computer.

Virtual university of pakistan

Notes 2017

What is a port?
On computer and telecommunication devices , a port is generally a specific
place for being physically connected to some other devices, usually with a
socket and plug of some kind .

RAM
Ram is much faster to read from and write to than the other kinds of storage in a
computer, the hard disk, floppy disk, and CD-ROM

Rom
Rom is built-in computer momery containing data that normally can only be
read , not written to. The rom is sustained by a small long-life battery in your
computer.

Modem
Modem is output as well as input devices at the same time. It receives the data
coming through telephone lines, converts them to digital signals.

Virtual university of pakistan

Notes 2017

Lecture 7
Micro-controllers
A micro-controllers is a microprocssor optimised to be used to control electronic
equipment. They can be found in almost any electrical device, washing machine,
microwave ovens, telephones etc,

The main memory bottleneck

Modem super-fast microprocessor can process a huge amount of data in a short
duration. They need to be processed at the same speed.

Cache
A cache is a collection of duplicates data , where the original data is expensives
to fetch or compute relative to the cache.

Virtual university of pakistan

Notes 2017

Lecture 8
Why binary
Because this system is natural for digital computers
The fundamental building block of a digital computer the swich processes
two natural states ON & OFF.

Boolean logic operations

Let x , y ,z be boolean variables can only have binary values I.e, they can have
values which are either 0 or 1

Virtual university of pakistan

Notes 2017

Lecture 10

Virtual university of pakistan