1a_MolecularNomenclature.

notebook

CovalentBonds
Whenchemicalbondsareformedpuresubstances
calledcompoundsarecreated.

Therearetwotypesofcompounds:
a)Molecular(covalentbonds)
b)Ionic(ionicbonds)

Achemicalbondformedastheresultofthesharingof
electronsbetweenatomsiscalledacovalentbond.
Thesharingofelectronsallowseachatomtoattain
theequivalentofafulloutershell,likeitsnearest
noblegas.Thiscorrespondstoastableelectron
configuration.

Whentwoormoreofthesameatomscombineand
shareelectrons,stableandneutralmoleculesare
formed.

Thefollowingmoleculesmustbememorized:

MolecularFormulas Names
H2 hydrogen
N2 nitrogen
F2 fluorine
Cl2 chlorine
O2 oxygen
Br2 bromine
I2 iodine
At2 astatine

P4 phosphorus
S8 sulphur
1a_MolecularNomenclature.notebook

When2ormoredifferentnonmetalatomsshare
electronsmolecularcompoundsareformed.Thereare
severalcompoundswithnonsystematicnameswhich
mustbememorized:

MolecularFormula Name
H2O water
CH4 methane
C3H8 propane
CH3OH methanol
C2H5OH ethanol
NH3 ammonia
C12H22O11 sucrose
C6H12O6 glucose
H2O2 hydrogenperoxide
O3 ozone

SystematicNaming(MolecularCompounds):

Prefixesindicatehowmanyofthatatomareina
compound.Theprefixescorrespondwiththesubscript
aftertheatominthemolecularformula.

mono* = 1 hexa = 6
di = 2 hepta = 7
tri = 3 octa = 8
tetra = 4 nona = 9
penta = 5 deca = 10

Thenameofthesecondelementmustendinide.