Open pan evaporator

open pan evaporator

no. of obs. Time P=10 P=20 P=30
psig psig psig
(sec) T ( C) T ( C) T ( C)
1 60 68 64 60
2 120 78 74 76
3 180 84 80 84
4 240 88 86 92
5 300 90 92 94
6 360 92 96 98

Dimensionless temperature overal heat transfer coefficient (U)

no. of Time P=10 P=20 P=30 no. of Time P=10 P=20 P=30
obs. psig psig psig obs. pisg psig psig
(sec) T/Ts T/Ts T/Ts (sec) U U U
1 60 0.591304 0.556522 0.521739 1 60 3447 2430 2195
2 120 0.678261 0.643478 0.66087 2 120 2521 2129 1972
3 180 0.730435 0.695652 0.730435 3 180 2172 2259 2042
4 240 0.765217 0.747826 0.8 4 240 2004 1913 2197

overall heat transfer coefficent vs time

4000
3500
3000
U(j/m2.Csec

2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
time (Sec

p=10 p=20 p=30

Henchley eq.

henchley equation
no Temp ( C ) Rate of evp.
obsv. (g/min)
1 45 0.2
2 55 0.4
3 65 0.9

Partial vapour
pressure pressure water
pw(mm Hg) pw* (mm Hg) ln (Pw*-Pw) ln (W)
30.4 71.97 3.73 -1.61
31.16 118.22 4.47 -0.92
31.92 187.81 5.05 -0.1

Rate of evp. vs temp

1
0.9
0.8
Rate of evp. (g/min)

0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Temp ( C )
 ln (W) vs (Pw*-Pw)
0
3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5

-0.5

-1
ln (W)

-1.5

-2

-2.5

-3
ln (Pw*-Pw)

Viscosity

% age composition of unknown sample

no % % water efflux
obs. alcohol time
1 0 100 11.11
2 20 80 15.21
3 50 50 31
4 80 20 48.32
5 unknown unknown 35.21

% composition alcohol
90
80
70
60
% alcohol

50
40
30
20
10
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time(s)
 ln Va vs Temp
0.4

0.2

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
-0.2
ln Va

-0.4

-0.6

-0.8

-1

-1.2
Temp ( C)

Viscosity Va vs temp
1.4

1.2

0.8
Va

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
temp ( C )
Double pipe heat exchanger

Co-current operation

(a) constant hot water flow rate- Co-current operation

cold side hot side
obs. mass flow inlet temp outlet mass inlet outlet
temp flow temp temp
W (Kg/h) t1 t2 W T1 T2
(Kg/h)
1 0.122 34.1 36.5 0.122 45 42.8
2 0.28 34 36 0.122 48 44
3 0.3 34 35.8 0.122 49 44.5

(b)constant cold water flow rate- Co-current operation

cold side hot side
obs. mass flow inlet temp outlet mass inlet outlet
temp flow temp temp
W (Kg/h) t1 t2 W T1 T2
(Kg/h)
1 0.12 34.1 36 0.12 45.3 43
2 0.12 34 37 0.16 48.6 44.8
3 0.12 34 37 0.17 48 44

( c ) constant hot water flow rate- Co-current operation

obs. 1 2 m Qo heat U0
flux(qo)
C C C watt watt/m^2 watt/m^2 C
1 10.9 6.3 8.3 0.00031 0.003 0.00036
2 1 7.9 10.6 0.000683 0.0066 0.00062
3 1.5 8.7 11.3 0.00063 0.006 0.00053
 ( d ) constant cold water flow rate- Co-current operation
obs. 1 2 m Qo heat U0
flux(qo)
C C C watt watt/m^2 watt/m^2 C
1 11.3 7 8.97 0.00028 0.0027 0.0003
2 14.5 7.8 10.8 0.0004 0.0039 0.00036
3 14 7 10.09 0.00041 0.004 0.0004

Counter current operation

(a) constant hot water flow rate- Counter current operation

cold side hot side
obs. mass flow inlet temp outlet mass inlet outlet
temp flow temp temp
W (Kg/h) t1 t2 W T1 T2
(Kg/h)
1 0.1 34.1 38 0.122 50.5 48.3
2 0.2 34.1 38.5 0.122 51.3 48.3
3 0.3 34 37 0.122 48.3 48.3

(b)constant cold water flow rate -Counter current operation

cold side hot side
obs. mass flow inlet temp outlet mass inlet outlet
temp flow temp temp
W (Kg/h) t1 t2 W T1 T2
(Kg/h)
1 0.12 34.1 38.5 0.12 50.8 48.5
2 0.12 34.1 39 0.16 51.4 48
3 0.12 34.1 39 0.17 48.5 43.5
( c ) constant hot water flow rate -Counter current operation
obs. 1 2 m Qo heat U0
flux(qo)
C C C watt watt/m^2 watt/m^2
C
1 12.5 14.2 13.33 0.00031 0.003 0.00022
2 12.8 14.2 13.49 0.00042 0.0041 0.0003
3 11.3 14.4 12.79 0.000014 0.00013 0.00001

( d ) constant cold water flow rate-Counter current operation

obs. 1 2 m Qo heat U0
flux(qo)
C C watt watt/m^2 watt/m^2
C
1 12.3 12.2 12.2 0.00032 0.0031 0.00025
2 9 12.4 10.6 0.00063 0.0061 0.00057
3 4.5 9.5 6.6 0.00098 0.0095 0.0014

constant hot water flow rate

0.0007

0.0006

0.0005

0.0004
U

0.0003

0.0002

0.0001

0
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35
flow rate(kg/h
 constant hot water flow rate
0.008
0.007
heat flux(watt/m2)

0.006
0.005
0.004
0.003
0.002
0.001
0
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35
flow rate(kg/h)

co-current counter-current

constant hot water flow rate

14

13

12
LMTD

11

10

8
0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3
Flow rate (kg/h)

countercurrent cocurrent

constant cold water flow rate

0.0006
0.0005
0.0004
0.0003
U

0.0002
0.0001
0
0.11 0.12 0.13 0.14 0.15 0.16 0.17
hot flow rate kg/h

co-current counter
 constant cold water flow rate
13
11
9
7
LMTD

5
3
1
-1 0.11 0.12 0.13 0.14 0.15 0.16 0.17 0.18
hot flow rate kg/h

co-current counter

constant cold water flow rate

0.01

0.008
heat flux

0.006

0.004

0.002

0
0.11 0.12 0.13 0.14 0.15 0.16 0.17 0.18
hot flow rate kg/h

co-current conter