PVPP COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

ELECTRONIC AND ELECTRICAL MEASURING

INSTRUMENTS AND MACHINE
EXPERIMENT NO:-
Date: Sign:

Aim: To study three phase induction motor.

Apparatus: Three phase induction motor.

Theory:
The three phase induction motors are basically ac motors i.e. they need an
alternating voltage for their operation. It consists of two main parts:
1. Stator 2. Rotor
The stationary frame is called stator made up of large no. of stampings which are
slotted to receive the stator windings.
The rotating armature is called rotor. The current flows through the rotor due to
principle of induction. Hence the name induction motor.

The function of various parts is as follows:-

1. FRAME: Its function is to provide mechanical support, to the entire construction.
The frame also contains the stator winding of the induction motor.
2. AIR GAP: Air gap provides the space for the rotating magnetic field between
stator and rotor.
3. FAN: The fan rotates with the rotor. Its function is to cool down the motor.
4. SLIP RINGS: The rotor winding terminals are permanently connected to the slip
rings. The sliprings are continuously in contact with three brushes which are
pressed against slip rings. External connections from the brushes are brought out.

The stator windings can be star connected or delta connected and connected to 3-
phase ac supply. Its function is to produce rotating magnetic field in the air gap between
stator and rotor. Whenever the ac supply is connected to the stator windings, line currents
IR, I Y and IB start flowing. These line currents are phase shifted by 120 o with respect to
each other. The rotating magnetic field rotates in the clockwise direction if the phase

Subject name,
PVPPCoE Jan-May-09
sequence is R, Y, B. but if we interchange any two phases of the ac supply to get a new
phase sequence say R, B, Y then direction of RMF will reverse.

The rotor current is dependent on:

1. Stator voltage 2. Leakage reactance of rotor.

If rated stator voltage is applied to the motor at the time of starting, then the motor
will draw heavy starting current which will lead excess power losses in the winding and
will overheat the motor. Also, due to heavy current drawn from the ac supply, at the time
of starting its supply voltage will reduce. The heavy starting current may damage the
motor windings. In order to avoid these problems, we can use a starter to start the
induction motor safely.
The different types of starters are:-
1. Stator resistance starter.
2. Star delta starter
3. Autotransformer starting
4. Saturable / Non saturable reactor starter
5. Voltage controlled starters.
6. Rotor resistance starters.
7. Variable stator frequency starting.

AUTOTRANSFORMER STARTER:-
An autotransformer is used to apply a low voltage to the star winding at the time
of starting. When the motor reaches the desired level, autotransformer is disconnected
and motor is applied directly across the supply.

OPERATION:-
1. The stator of the motor is connected through a 6-way double throw switch.
2. While starting, the switch is thrown to Start side so that a reduced voltage is
applied to stator. This keeps the starting current within safe limits.
3. Once motor takes up speed, the switch is thrown to Run side so that full
supply voltage is applied to stator.
4. A specific advantage of this starter is that reduction in voltage during starting
can be done to any desired level by selecting proper tappings of the
autotransformer.

Conclusion:

Subject name,
PVPPCoE Jan-May-09