25.09.

2017 FREMM multipurpose frigate - Wikipedia

FREMM multipurpose frigate

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The FREMM ("European multi-purpose frigate"; French: Frgate

europenne multi-mission; Italian: Fregata europea multi-missione) is a
class of multi-purpose frigates designed by DCNS/Armaris and Fincantieri
for the navies of France and Italy. The lead ship of the class, Aquitaine,
was commissioned in November 2012 by the French Navy. In France the
class is known as the Aquitaine class, while in Italy they are known as the
Bergamini class. Italy has ordered six general purpose variants and four
anti-submarine variants; the last two Italian general purpose FREMMs will
have anti-aircraft warfare, anti-ballistic missile and surface attack
capabilities. France has ordered six anti-submarine variants, and two air-
defence variants.
Italian first FREMM Carlo Bergamini (F590)

Class overview
Contents Name: FREMM
1 Background Builders: France and Italy
1.1 France Operators: French Navy
1.2 Italy
Italian Navy
1.3 Export
1.3.1 United States Royal Moroccan Navy
1.3.2 Morocco Egyptian Navy
1.3.3 Greece Preceded by: Georges Leygues class
1.3.4 Canada (France)
1.3.5 Egypt
1.3.6 Australia Cassard class (France)
2 Country-specific equipment Soldati class (Italy)
2.1 Common equipment Maestrale class (Italy)
2.2 French-specific equipment Cost: 670m/unit[1](FY 2014)
2.3 Italian-specific equipment
3 Ships of the class (France)
4 See also 598m/unit[2](FY 2016)
5 References (Italy)
6 External links 470m/unit[2] (Morocco)
Built: 2007-
In commission: 2012-
Background Planned: 20 (Italy 10, France 8, Morocco 1,
Three original variants of the FREMM were proposed; an anti-submarine Egypt 1)
variant (ASW) and a general-purpose variant (GP) and a land-attack Cancelled: 9 out of originally 17 for the
variant (AVT) to replace the existing classes of frigates within the French French navy
and Italian navies. A total of 27 FREMM were to be constructed - 17 for
Active: 12 (Italy 6, France 4, Morocco 1,
France and 10 for Italy - with additional aims to seek exports, however
Egypt 1)
budget cuts and changing requirements has seen this number drop
significantly for France, while the order for Italy remained invaried. The General characteristics
land-attack variant (AVT) was subsequently cancelled.
Type: Frigate
A third anti-air warfare variant of FREMM was proposed by DCNS in Displacement: France: 6,000 tonnes[3]
repose to French requirements for a new air-defence frigate, the new Italy: 6,700 tonnes[4] (light
variant became known as FREDA ("FREgates de Dfense Ariennes",
displacement 5,500 tonnes)
"Air defence frigate"). This new French requirement was due to the third
and fourth Horizon-class frigates being cancelled after the first two cost Length: France: 142 m (466 ft)
1,350m each, but this decision left French Navy still in-need of LOA
replacements for its ageing Cassard-class air-defence frigates.[8] Italy: 144.6 m (474 ft) LOA
Italy: 132.5 m (435 ft) LPP
As of 2009, the FREDA design features a more powerful version of the [5]
Herakles (radar) passive electronically scanned array radar and 32 cells of
SYLVER A50 in place of the 16 cells of A43 and 16 cells of A70. The Beam: France: 20 m (66 ft)
Italy: 19.7 m (65 ft)
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SYLVER A50 would allow it to fire the 120 kilometres (75 mi)-range Draught: France: 5 m (16 ft)
Aster 30 missile; the towed array sonar would not be fitted.[9] Italy: 8.7 m (29 ft)

At Euronaval 2012 DCNS showed a new concept called FREMM-ER for Draft: Italy: 5.1 m (17 ft)
the FREDA requirement, again based on the FREMM, but specifically Propulsion: France: CODLOG
mentioning the ballistic missile defence mission as well as anti-air. Italy: CODLAG
FREMM-ER has a modified superstructure replacing Hrakls with the 1 32 MW gas turbine
new Thales Sea Fire 500 radar, whose four fixed plates resemble those of General Electric/Avio
the US Navy's AN/SPY-1.[10] However unlike the Hrakls and the SPY-1
LM2500+G4
(both using passive electronically scanned array technology), the Sea Fire
2 2.5 MW electric motors
500 has active electronically scanned array antennas.[11]
Jeumont Electric (http://w
France ww.jeumontelectric.com/)
4 diesel generators
Original plans were for 17 FREMM to replace the nine D'Estienne France: MTU Series 4000
d'Orves-class avisos and nine anti-submarine frigates of the Tourville and (2,2 MW everyone)
Georges Leygues classes. In November 2005 France announced a contract Italy: Isotta Fraschini VL
of 3.5 billion for development and the first eight hulls, with options for 1716 (T2ME series by 2,15
nine more costing 2.95 billion split over two tranches (totaling 17). MW everyone, on first two
frigate; HPCR series by 2,8
Following the cancellation of the third and fourth of the Horizon-class
frigates in 2005 on budget grounds, requirements for an air-defence MW everyone, since the
derivative of the FREMM called FREDA were placed with DCNS third frigate)
coming up with several proposals.[12] Expectations were that the last two 2 shafts, driving
ships of the 17 FREMM planned would be built to FREDA specifications; controllable pitch
however, by 2008 the plan was revised down to just 11 FREMM (9 ASW propellers
variants and 2 FREDA variants)[8] at a cost of 8.75 billion (FY13, 1 1 MW bow thruster
~US$12 billion).[1] The 11 ships would cost 670 million (~US$760m) Speed: France: max +27 knots
each in FY2014, or 860m (~US$980m) including development costs.[1] (50 km/h; 31 mph); max
The 2013 White Paper on Defence and National Security committed cruise speed 15.6 knots
France to 15 front-line frigates,[13] which was initially wrongly interpreted (28.9 km/h; 18.0 mph)
as 2 Horizons, 5 La Fayettes and a reduction in the FREMM fleet down to Italy: max +30 knots
8 ships. The 2014/2019 defence plan restated a target of 11 FREMMs;[14] (56 km/h; 35 mph); max
the current plan is to deliver six ASW variants to replace the Georges cruise speed +17 knots
Leygues-class frigates by 2019, followed by two anti-air variants to (31 km/h; 20 mph) [6]
replace the ageing Cassard-class frigates and a decision will be taken in
Range: France: 6,000 nmi
2016 on what version the remaining three will be.[1] In 2014, the French
(11,000 km; 6,900 mi) at
Navy's Chief of Staff, Adm. Bernard Rogel, confirmed that 11 FREMM
15 knots (28 km/h;
frigates had been ordered[15] but in 2015 the order was cut to 8 in order to
allow the purchase of five FTI Mid-Size frigates from 2023.[16] The FTI 17 mph)
will replace the La Fayette-class class, which will be fitted with a sonar as Italy: 6,800 nmi
an interim measure.[16] (12,600 km; 7,800 mi) at
15 knots (28 km/h;
Italy 17 mph)
Complement: France: 145
Planning assumptions for the Italian Navy are 10 FREMM-IT (4 ASW Italy: 199 GP version / 201
variants and 6 GP variants) at a cost of 5.8 billion. FREMM-IT will ASW version
replace the Maestrale and Lupo-class frigates in service with the Italian
Navy. Crew: Italy: 131 GP version / 133 ASW
version; add 14 crew for one helo
In the 2013 Italian budget, the Italian government laid out the necessary on board or add 23 crew for two
financing for two more GP variants (FREMM-IT 7 & 8) and the contract helos on board
was awarded in September 2013. On 15 April 2015, the Italian Parliament
confirmed the deal between OCCAR and Orizzonte Sistemi Navali Spa Sensors and France: Hrakls multi-
(Fincantieri and Finmeccanica, since 2017 Leonardo) to begin building processing purpose passive
units 9 and 10, for 764 million Euros. systems: electronically scanned
array radar
As of 16 April 2015, the Italian government has approved funding for all Italy: Leonardo Kronos
ten FREMM-IT to be delivered to the Italian Navy (4 ASW variants and 6 Grand Naval (MFRA)
GP variants).[17]

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FREMM-IT 9 & 10 will have AAW & ATBM capabilities and will have Active electronically
A70 VLS for cruise & Aster Block 2 missiles, and the new Leonardo scanned array radar [7]
Kronos Quad C-band AESA 3D radar (a dual-band radar).
Armament: Anti-air missiles:
The Leonardo Kronos Quad (an evolution of the EMPAR-MFRA) will
France: 16-cell MBDA
have four flat radar sensors, with three times the original range and full
ATBM capabilities. SYLVER A43 VLS for 16
All 10 Italian FREMM-ITs have extended AAW capabilities, with SAAM- MBDA Aster 15 missiles
ESD CMS and Aster 30 (& Aster 15) missiles for extended area defence. Italy: 16-cell MBDA
SAAM-ESD CMS use Leonardo MFRA, a 3D active radar (AESA), an SYLVER A50 VLS for 16
evolved version of the Leonardo EMPAR PESA radar (previously MBDA Aster 15 and 30
embarked on Horizon-class destroyers and the aircraft carrier Cavour). missiles
Since the 7th FREMM-IT, there will be updates, such as new conformal Guns:
IFF antenna. France: 1 Leonardo OTO
Since the 8th or 9th FREMM-IT, there will be updates to other systems:
Melara 76 mm SR gun
the COC and bridge will be integrated Italy: 2 Leonardo OTO
the cruise speed will be enhanced to 19/20 knots (with more Melara 76/62 mm
powerful diesel engines) Davide/Strales CIWS guns
would be fitted with ATAS VDS sonar and SLAT anti-torpedo (ASuW variant)
system
1 Leonardo Otobreda
127/64 Vulcano and 1
Export
Leonardo OTO Melara
76/62 mm Davide/Strales
United States
CIWS gun (GP variant)
On 10 July 2017 it was reported that the US Congress is pushing foreign Small guns:
designs such as the Fincantieri FREMM for the FFG(X) Guided-Missile France: 3 Nexter 20mm
Frigate Program.[18]According to Rep. Rob Wittman, chairman of the Narwhal remote weapon
House Armed Services Committees Seapower and Projection Forces systems
Subcommittee, Congress is comfortable with models such as Fincantieris Italy: 2 Leonardo Oto
partnership with Lockheed Martin to build the Freedom version of the Melara/Oerlikon KBA
LCS.[19]. If the Italian FREMM design is selected, the Marinette Marine 25/80 mm remote weapon
shipyard in Wisconsin, part of the Fincantieri group, would build the systems
guided-missile frigates. Marinette Marine is best known for the US Navy Anti-ship missiles:
Freedom-class littoral combat ship. As of September 2017, 5 Freedom
France: 8 MBDA MM-
class LCS ships have been commissioned for the US Navy, another 3 have
been launched, while another 2 have been laid down. On 30 June 2017, it 40 Exocet block 3 anti-ship
was announced that Leonardo and BAE Systems will collaborate to missiles
provide the US military forces with a wide range of upgraded munitions Italy: 8 MBDA
for advanced, large-calibre weapon systems such as the Leonardo Vulcano Teseo\Otomat Mk-2/A
and Strales/DART guided munitions[20]. anti-ship and land attack
missiles
Morocco Land-attack cruise missiles:
France: 16-cell MBDA
On 24 October 2007 it was announced that the Royal Moroccan Navy had SYLVER A70 VLS for 16
ordered one FREMM to replace its Descubierta-class corvette.[21] The MBDA SCALP Naval
contract was signed on 18 April 2008 and construction of the Moroccan land-attack cruise missiles
FREMM began in the summer 2008 with delivery expected in 2012 or
Anti-submarine warfare:
2013;[22] Mohammed VI was launched in September 2011 and handed
France: 2 x double
over on 30 January 2014.[2] The Moroccan ship is similar to the French
Leonardo (WASS) B-515
anti-submarine version, without SYLVER A70 tubes for SCALP Naval,
and cost 470m.[2] launcher for MU 90
torpedoes
Greece Italy: 2 x triple Leonardo
(WASS) B-515/3 launcher
On 22 January 2009 the Hellenic Navy announced an order for six for MU 90 torpedoes and
FREMM to replace an equal number of Elli-class frigates.[23] After the (only ASW variant) 4 x
Greek government-debt crisis this was cut down to between two and four MBDA Milas missiles
ships equipped with SCALP Naval, with France alleged to have offered Aircraft France:1 NH90
them to Greece at no cost for the first five years. Germany objected to this
carried:
deal in October 2011[24] and no deal has been signed. In February 2013
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though and during the formal visit of the President of France, Franois Italy: 2 SH90 or 1
Hollande, in Athens, according to press reports an agreement which SH90 and 1 AW101
includes the long-term leasing of two FREMM frigates (Normandie and (armed with MU 90
Provence according to initial reports) to the Hellenic Navy has been torpedoes or MBDA Marte
reached.[25] Mk2/S missiles)

Canada Aviation France: single hangar

facilities: Italy: double hangar
In April 2013, the French government showcased the FREMM
class in Halifax with the hope of selling to the Royal Canadian
Navy for the Single Class Surface Combatant Project.[26]
Canada's Defence Minister at the time, Peter MacKay,
commented "I have never seen such an impressive vessel".
DCNS is widely considered one of the leading bidders towards
the Single Class Surface Combatants.[27]

Egypt

On 16 February 2015, The Egyptian Navy ordered one FREMM Operators of the FREMM frigates.
vessel to enter service before the opening of the New Suez Canal,
as part of a larger deal (including 24 Rafales and a supply of
missiles) worth US$5.9 billion (5.2 billion).[28][29] In order to keep to Egypt's deadlines, France offered to send Normandie,
originally intended for the French Navy.[30] The SYLVER A70 VLS and NETTUNO-4100 jamming equipment were
removed due to export limitations for such sensitive equipment. The crew will be around 126 sailors compared to 108 in the
French Navy.[31] The SATCOM antenna for the French Syracuse satellites was also taken down; however, Egypt will use its
own military telecommunications satellite, supplied by Airbus Defence and Space and Thales Alenia Space, in conjunction
with its naval vessels.[32] From March 2015, DCNS trained the Egyptian crew in the technology of the ship and DCNS and
its partners accompanied the crew for a period of 15 months. On 23 June 2015, French naval shipbuilder DCNS transferred
the FREMM frigate Tahya Misr ( ex-Normandie) to the Egyptian navy. A ceremony took place to transfer Normandie,
renamed Tahya Misr ("Long Live Egypt") to Egypt, in the presence of General Sedki Sobhy, the Egyptian Minister of
Defense, Jean-Yves Le Drian, the French Minister of Defense, Admiral Osama Rabie, Egyptian Navy Commander in Chief,
Admiral Bernard Rogel, the French Chief of Navy and Herv Guillou, Chairman & CEO of DCNS[31][33][34]

Australia

On 18 April 2016, Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull confirmed that the Italian FREMM class was one of three frigates
shortlisted for the replacement of its MEKO 200 based Anzac-class frigate.[35]

On 1 September 2016, Fincantieri has signed a contract with the Australian Government to participate in the Competitive
Evaluation Process, conducted by the Department of Defence, to deliver nine Future Frigatesto be built in Adelaide, South
Australiafor the Royal Australian Navy (RAN) under the SEA 5000 programme;[36] this was an agreement to participate in
the competition, and not awarding the final contract.

Country-specific equipment
Common equipment

Leonardo OTO Melara 76/62 mm Super Rapid gun (on Italian Navy versions with Davide/Strales guided-ammunition)
2 x torpedo launchers Eurotorp/WASS B515/3 for MU 90 torpedoes with Calzoni AHS (Automatic Handling System)
1 x Leonardo NA-25 DARDO-F fire control system for the 76mm cannon
2 x SLAT (Systeme de Lutte Anti-Torpille) anti-torpedo system (into Italian Navy only for ASW version) ASW DLS
(Anti Submarine Weapon Decoy Launcher System) based on Thales ALERT sonar system, DCNS RATO command
system and WASS CMAT weapon system (with 12 tube launcher for 127 mm's WASS C-310 decoy and jammers)
NH90 helicopter, with capability for AW101, Cougar and Caracal
Thales UMS 4110 CL hull sonar
Thales UMS 4249 CAPTAS4 towed sonar (anti-submarine versions only)
Thales TUUM-6 Underwater Telephone
2 x Sigen MM/SMQ-765 EW system: with JASS (Jamming Antenna Sub System) ECM, Nettuno 4100, by ELT
Elettronica and Thales ESM (Communications and Radar ESM)
2 x SOFRESUD Quick Pointing Devices "QPD"

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French-specific equipment

16 cells MBDA SYLVER A43 VLS for MBDA Aster 15 missiles

16 cells MBDA SYLVER A70 VLS for MBDA SCALP Naval cruise missile
with a range up to 1000 km
MBDA MM-40 Exocet block 3, for naval and land attack
3 x Nexter 20mm Narwhal remote weapon systems
NGDS decoy launcher
Hrakls radar
Terma Scanter 2001 radar[37]
Thales Artemis IRST French version of the FREMM
SETIS combat system
Sagem Najir fire control system for the 76mm gun
Samah helicopter handling system

Italian-specific equipment

16 cells MBDA Sylver Vertical Launching System A50 VLS for MBDA Aster
15 missiles and MBDA Aster 30 missiles
Space reserved for MBDA SYLVER A70 launchers for 16 MBDA SCALP
Naval or similar cruise missile, but not fitted
Leonardo IRST SASS
another one Leonardo NA-25 DARDO-F fire control system for the second
cannon (76/62 mm or 127/54 mm)
Leonardo Kronos Grand Naval (MFRA) AESA, 3D, C band radar
Leonardo RASS (RAN-30X-I) surface radar (OTH)
Leonardo SPS-732, 2D LPI Surveillance X band Radar (surface and air
surveillance at low level); since the 7th FREMM-IT replaced by more powerful
Italian ASW FREMM Carabiniere
Leonardo SPS-732(V2)
Leonardo SPN-730 LPI navigation radar and two navigation radar GEM-
Elettronica MM/SPN-753
Leonardo SPN-720 radar for helicopter precision approach
Leonardo IFF SIR M-E; since the 7th FREMM-IT replaced with Leonardo IFF
SIR M5-PA with phased array antenna
Leonardo Athena combat system (CMS), with 21, three displays, MFC (Multi
Functional Consolle): 17 into COC, 2 in backup COC, 1 on bridge and 1 into
Command Planning Room
Leonardo SAAM-ESD extended area AAW combat system (for Aster 15 &
Aster 30 missiles)
2 x Leonardo (OTO Melara) SCLAR-H DLS Multipurpose Rocket Launcher Italian ASW FREMM Virginio Fasan
8 x MBDA Teseo\Otomat Mk-2/A block 4, for naval and land attack
2 x Leonardo (Oto Melara/Oerlikon) KBA 25/80 mm, remote weapon system,
controlled by close CMS
Curtiss-Wright TC-ASIST helicopter handling system (for both helicopters)
Leonardo (WASS) SNA-2000-I, Mine Avoidance Sonar
L-3 ELAC Nautik SeaBeam 3050, Multi-beam echo sounder (only on ASW version)
1 x 7 m rigid-hulled inflatable boat release and recovery lateral systems (Stemar 6,8 m, FNM HPEP 225 HP engine, 38
knots, 6 crew [38])
1 x 11 m rigid-hulled inflatable boat release and recovery lateral systems
1 x 11 m rigid-hulled inflatable boat fast, stern release and recovery system[39] (only on GP version, for CABI Cattaneo
CABAT boat)
ASW version: 2 x Leonardo OTO Melara 76/62 mm Davide/Strales CIWS guns, one on the hangar (both with Strales
guided-ammunitions) and 4 MBDA MILAS ASW missile
GP version: 1 x Leonardo OTO Melara 127/64 mm gun with Vulcano guided ammunition, with a range up to 120 km,
and AAHS (Automated Ammunition Handling System) with 350 rounds + 56 in turret and a second Leonardo (OTO
Melara) 76/62 mm Davide/Strales CIWS gun on the hangar (with Strales guided-ammunitions)

Ships of the class

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Pennant Laid
Builder Variant Role Name Launched Commissioned Homeport
no. down

Aquitaine class

French Navy

Antisubmarine 29 April 23 November

D650 FRASW Aquitaine 2007 Brest
warfare 2010 2012[40]

18
Antisubmarine
D652 FRASW Provence 2010 September 12 June 2015 Brest
warfare 2013

Antisubmarine
D653 FRASW Languedoc 2011 12 July 2014 16 March 2016 Toulon
warfare

Antisubmarine 2 September
D654 FRASW Auvergne 2012 11 April 2017[41] Toulon
warfare 2015
DCNS,
Lorient 16
Antisubmarine
D655 FRASW Bretagne 2013 September 2018 Brest
warfare 2016

Antisubmarine
FRASW Normandie 2014 2019 Brest
warfare

Antiair
FRAAW Alsace 2016 2021 Toulon
warfare

Antiair
FRAAW Lorraine 2022 Toulon
warfare

Royal Moroccan Navy

14
DCNS, Antisubmarine 30 January Ksar es
701 FRASW Mohammed VI 2008 September
Lorient warfare 2014[2] Seghir
2011

Egyptian Navy

Tahya Misr
DCNS, Antisubmarine 18 October 17 March 2016 Alexandria
FFG-1001 FRASW (ex-Normandie) 2009 [43] [44]
Lorient warfare [42] 2012

Bergamini-class [45]

Marina Militare

Fincantieri, General Carlo 4 February 16 July

F590 ITGP 29 May 2013[47] La Spezia
Muggiano purpose Bergamini 2008 2011[46]

Antisubmarine 12 May 31 March 19 December

F591 ITASW Virginio Fasan La Spezia
warfare 2009 2012[48] 2013[49]

Antisubmarine Carlo 21 April 29 June 27 February

F592 ITASW La Spezia
warfare Margottini 2010 2013[50] 2014[51]

Antisubmarine 6 April 29 March

F593 ITASW Carabiniere 28 April 2015 [53] Taranto
warfare 2011 2014[52]

23 13
Antisubmarine 30 September
F594 ITASW Alpino February December Taranto
warfare 2016[55]
2012 2014[54]

19
General 5 March
F595 ITGP Luigi Rizzo December 20 April 2017[57] La Spezia
purpose 2013
2015[56]

General Federico 5 June 4 March

F596 ITGP April 2018 Taranto
purpose Martinengo 2014 [58] 2017[59]

General Antonio 12 July December

F597 ITGP April 2019 Taranto
purpose Marceglia 2015[60][61] 2017

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Pennant Laid
Builder Variant Role Name Launched Commissioned Homeport
no. down

Aquitaine class

French Navy

General Spartaco February

F598 ITGP March 2019 April 2020 La Spezia
purpose Schergat 2017 [62]

General January
F599 ITGP Emilio Bianchi March 2020 April 2021 [63] Taranto
purpose 2018

See also
Type 26, a potential future British design
F125-class frigate, a German class of frigates
European multilateral defence procurement
Iver Huitfeldt-class frigate, of the Danish Navy has roughly the same tonnage
Norwegian Fridtjof Nansen-class frigates are slightly smaller

References
1. "Projet de loi de finances pour 2015 : Dfense : quipement des forces" (http://www.senat.fr/rap/a14-110-8/a14-110-81
9.html#toc308) (in French). Senate of France. 20 November 2014. Retrieved 2015-02-22.
2. Djama, Nasser (30 January 2014). "A Brest, le Maroc prend possession de sa frgate Fremm Mohammed VI" (http://w
ww.usinenouvelle.com/article/a-brest-le-maroc-prend-possession-de-sa-fregate-fremm-mohammed-vi.N236729).
L'Usine Nouvelle (in French). Retrieved 24 October 2014.
3. "Caractristiques" (http://www.defense.gouv.fr/marine/decouverte/equipements-moyens-materiel-militaire/batiments-d
e-combat/fregates/fremm/fremm-aquitaine-d-650/caracteristiques). FREMM Aquitaine (D 650) (in French). Minstre
de la Dfense. 12 August 2013. Retrieved 24 October 2014.
4. "Fregate Europee Multi Missione - FREMM" (http://www.marina.difesa.it/conosciamoci/comandienti/log_amm/marina
lles/Pagine/FREMM.aspx) (in Italian). Ministero Della Difesa. Retrieved 24 October 2014.
5. https://www.fincantieri.com/it/prodotti-servizi/navi-militari/bergamini-class/
6. http://difesa.forumfree.it/?act=Post&CODE=02&f=11154050&t=69803297&st=2160&p=607614522
7. http://www.leonardocompany.com/documents/63265270/65469778/Copia+di+KRONOS_Grand_Naval_LQ_mm07943_.pdf?
download_file
8. "FREMM : 11 frgates multi-missions pour la flotte franaise" (http://www.meretmarine.com/fr/imprimer-article/5529
5). Mer et Marine (in French). 26 October 2008.
9. "Frgates : Le point sur les futures FREDA" (http://www.meretmarine.com/fr/imprimer-article/52591). Mer et Marine
(in French). 12 October 2009.
10. "DCNS to unveil new FREMM Frigate variant, updated BRAVE supply ship design at Euronaval 2012" (http://www.na
vyrecognition.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=716). Belgium: Navy Recognition. 4 October
2012.
11. Nodwell, Bethan (2013). "Extending Navy Capabilities FREMM-ER" (http://www.frontline-defence.com/index_archiv
es.php?page=2105). FrontLine Defence. Retrieved 24 October 2014.
12. "FREMM : Supprimer des frgates, un non sens conomique et stratgique?" (http://www.meretmarine.com/fr/imprime
r-article/58043). Mer et Marine (in French). 19 September 2007.
13. "White Paper on Defense and National Security 2013" (http://www.defense.gouv.fr/english/content/download/206186/2
393586/file/White%20paper%20on%20defense%20%202013.pdf) (PDF). Minstre de la Dfense. 29 April 2013.
p. 91. Retrieved 24 October 2014.
14. "Projet De Loi De programmation Militarie 2014/2019" (http://www.infosdefense.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/LP
M-DT.pdf) (PDF) (in French). Minstre de la Dfense. August 2013. Retrieved 24 October 2014.
15. "Amiral Rogel : " Conserver un outil efficace et adapt aux menaces de demain " " (http://www.meretmarine.com/fr/co
ntent/amiral-rogel-conserver-un-outil-efficace-et-adapte-aux-menaces-de-demain). Mer et Marine (in French). 29
October 2014. Retrieved 30 April 2015. (subscription required)
16. "Update to French Military Planning Law Means New Capabilities for Lafayette Class Frigates" (http://www.navyreco
gnition.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2747). Navy Reocgnition. 2015-05-21.
17. https://www.fincantieri.com/en/products-and-services/naval-vessels/bergamini-class/
18. "Navy Steers Well Away From An LCS Frigate" (http://breakingdefense.com/2017/07/navy-steers-well-away-from-an-l
cs-frigate). Breaking Defense. 2017-07-10. |first1= missing |last1= in Authors list (help)
19. "The US Navy eyes foreign designs" (http://http://www.defensenews.com/naval/2017/09/01/as-the-service-looks-to-fill
-capabilities-gaps-the-us-navy-is-keeps-an-eye-overseas). Defense News. 2017-09-01. |first1= missing |last1= in
Authors list (help)

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External links
FREMM Aquitaine class Frigate - DCNS(Navy recognition) (http://www.navyrecognition.com/index.php?option=com
_content&task=view&id=786)
French Navy Official Page (http://www.defense.gouv.fr/marine/decouverte/equipements/renouvellement_des_moyens/f
regates_europeennes_multi_missions_fremm) (in French)
Italian Navy Official Page (http://www.marina.difesa.it/uominimezzi/nuoviprogetti/Pagine/LeFregate.aspx) (in Italian)
Detail, story and image on Italian FREMM (http://digilander.libero.it/en_mezzi_militari/html/en_fremm.html)
FREMM Greece (http://www.fremm.gr) (in Greek)
Esercitata l'opzione per la nona e la decima FREMM (http://www.leonardocompany.com/-/nona-decima-fremm-ninth-t
enth-fremm-frigate)

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