JOBS EMPLOYMENT

TASK 2

Talk about
- types of jobs (physical work and mental work), motivation
- enrolment form, application form, curriculum vitae, interview
- regular day work and free time

TASK 3 - Role play

Someone is coming to stay in your country for six months. What advice can you give?
Include advice about money, documents, clothes, health, accommodation and food.

Jobs can be grouped into profession (a doctor, teacher, architect, lawyer) which need university qualifications
and other which dont. These are skilled, semi-skilled or unskilled jobs. Skilled people are those who have learnt
a trade. Unskilled jobs dont require special training (an office cleaner, factory hand, labourer).
There are two basic kinds of jobs: manual work - doesnt always require secondary school qualification. The
many times have to work under hard working conditions, they have to be skillful with their hand. Their job isnt
as stressful as of mental workers. A well paid manual worker in SVK can earn as much as people working a
university degree or even more.

Those doing mental work usually have to be highly qualified, their job requires good training and education.
When they are in a leading position their job is more stressful, they are responsible for other employes.

Choosing a career - small children usually want to become doctors, teachers, singers, dustmen, pilots,
austronauts. When they are about to finish their elementary studies they must have clearer picture of their future.
Choosing a future career can be influenced by different factors:
1. parents occupation can serve as an example in choosing a career,
2. money can also influence students decision,
3. some students choose a certain job to obtain high social status,
4. in an ideal case students choose a profession, which they are interested in,
5. personal qualities of a student also play a vital role in choosing a career. It is important wheter one likes
working in a team or individually, wheter one is extrovert or introvert.

Labour Market (trh prce) - the LM is bigger for us, however there is a transition period with many EU
countries. Nowadays, in all position highly qualified people are needed, also experience is required. It is also
very important to learn foreign languages.

Nowadays SVK has a lot of unemployed people. There is a big problem in Eastern Slovakia, where
unemployment is much higher than in the western part of the country. This is mainly caused by the lack of good
instrastructure and the lack of investments in the region. Recently there were several foreign direct investments
made in SVK (VW factory in BA; Peugeot - Citroen Corncern in Trnava).

If you want to change your job, you must look at the advertisements in the newspapers, magazins or go to
employment agencies. If you think you have found the right job, you send your CV with your qualifications and
details of your previous jobs and go for an interview. If you go for an interview you usually talk to a personnel
officer about the salary, office hours and breaks, etc. He can show you the office and tell you what will be your
responsibilities.

Jobs can be divided according to working time into the following:

Full-time jobs - usually its 8 hours a day. A FTJ can also be working shifts, which means that an
employee must work at different times of the day.

Part-time jobs - one has more free time but naturally earns less.

Permanent jobs - dont finish after a fixed period.

 Temporary jobs - one works for a company only for a limited period of time.

Seasonal jobs - also working only for a limited period of time at specific time of the year.

Freelancers - those people who work at home for different business partners on contractual basis e.g. a
translator, web designer. It isnt as secure as a full-time jobs, but one can organise his/her workdays.

New technologies - nowadays all jobs require computer literacy. Even people in a low position have to be
familiar with working with differrent softwares, computer programmes. Working on the Internet is in fashion.
There are new kinds of jobs because of new technologies e.g. webdesing, designing Internet-sites for different
companies and instittutions; telemarketing - offering products and services by calling people. The Internet also
provides an opportunity for finting a new job. There are different sites, where people can send their CV.

Curriculum Vitae (vzor)

Personal Details:
Name: XY
Date of birth: 24 october 1990
Address: 16 Narodna Street
Nationality: Slovak
Phone number:
E-mail address:

Education:
2006 - present, K. Stur Grammar School Modra, Slovakia
1997 2006, Stur Primary School Modra, Slovakia

Work Experience:
August - September 2007 part - timer wine production
July 2006 part - timer in building firm

Skills:
familiar with Word, Excel
literacy
Languages: English - fluent
German - pre-intermediate

Hobbies:
music, TV, literature, fashion, family, travelling, summersports, wintersports (basketball, volleyball, table tennis,
skiing), photographing

Job interview

What is the aim of a job interview?

The aim of a job interview is to find a suitable person who can perform a certain job. When being interviewed,
applicants can lose or gain everything. Thats why they have to follow several rules which can help them be
successful.

1. They must be well-dressed because it is the question of the first impression.

2. They must communicate, which means express their thoughts and feelings clearly so that the
interviewer understands them.
3. He must show enthusiasm and an interest in the job.
4. He must anticipate some questions, it means be ready for them in advance.
5. He can study some books on job interviewers where he can find useful information how to survive
an interview.

What advice would you give to sb going for a job interview?

When going for a job interview, we need to concentrate, it means to think nothing just about it what we are going
to do.
We must listen very carefully to the questions. If we dont understand, we must ask again or we must ask the
interviewer to rephrase the question. We must think before answering but not too much.
When answering the questions, we use our past experience.
We must be positive about things we are discussing about and dont give yes or no answers.
We must be honest and sincere.

What information about yourself will you give if you apply for a job?

An enavitable part of my job application is my CV, which contains my personal details, work experience,
educational backround, further training and my skills and abilities which are relevant.

What steps would you follow when looking for a job?

Firstly, I would ask my family members, friends and former classmates if they know about a suitable job for me.
Secondly, I would go to the job centre or the employment office in my town to apply for a job.
Thirdly, I would carefully read job offers or job advertisements in newspapers.
If it is possible, I would enrol in a training course which would suit me best.
Then it is the Internet which is infinite and where I can also find many job offers.
In the end, if there is no other solution, I would take the first job that would come along/appear.

Jobs and Employment

Talk about:
- Different kinds of jobs
- The ways how people can look for a job
- The reasons why people work
- The reasons why people change jobs
- Young people and their career:

- their job preferences

- their problems with their job
- your dream job as a child
- what do you want to do after you finish school
- Workaholics + dangerous jobs + jobs requiring special character traits

DIFFERENT KINDS OF JOBS

There are many kinds of jobs and professions. For example:

- a lawyer prvnik - a hairdresser kadernk, kadernka

- a dentist zubr - a mechanic mechanik
- a doctor - doktor - a car mechanic - automechanik
- a nurse - sestrika - a plumber intalatr
- an architect architekt - a carpenter tesr, stolr
- a priest kaz - a builder murr
- a vet veterinr - an electrician - elektrikr
- a police-officer / a policeman policajt - a tailor / a dressmaker krajr, krajrka
- a librarian knihovnk - a cleaner - upratovaka
- an accountant tovnk - a fireman poiarnik
- an engineer ininier - a farmer ponohospodr, farmr
- a scientist vedec - a miner bank
- a civil servant ttny zamestnanec - a shop assistant predava /v obchode/
- a designer nvrhr - a broker obchodnk s cennmi papiermi
THE WAYS HOW PEOPLE CAN LOOK FOR A JOB
There are several ways how to find a job. You can:

- look at job advertisements in newspaper or on the internet

- ask your family, friends and acquaintances if they know about any job vacancies
- you can go to a jobcentre or to an employment office /employment agency/ and ask for help.

When you find a job advertisement, you have to contact your future employer either by post, telephone, or
e-mail and find out if the position is still free. If it is, you have to apply for the job => you write a CV (a
curriculum vitae ivotopis), in which you include all the necessary information your personal data and
details about your education, qualifications, work experience and special skills (for example computer
skills, driving licence ) Then you send your CV together with a cover letter motivan list (a letter that
offers more detailed information about you) to your potential employer. After that you should prepare for
the job-interview /= pohovor/.

If you are looking for a job, you should find out /zisti/ these information:
- What is the working time? Ak je pracovn as?
- What is the salary ? Ak je plat?
- What are my duties, responsibilities? Ak s moje povinnosti, zodpovednosti?
- When would you need me to start? Kedy by ste potrebovali, aby som zaal v prci?

If the job interview is successful, you should sign a contract of employment /= pracovn zmluva/.

THE REASONS WHY PEOPLE WORK:

People need to work because:
- they need money to cover our living costs to buy food, to pay for electricity, to pay bills... potrebuj
peniaze, aby pokryli nklady na ivobytie aby kpili jedlo, zaplatili elektrinu, aby zaplatili ty
- they want to make the most of their talent chc vyai o najviac zo svojho talentu
- for some people their job can also be their hobby - pre niektorch ud me by ich prca konkom

THE REASONS WHY PEOPLE CHANGE JOBS:

Some young people can study what they want and later they can choose their own career. But not all of
them. Many people must do the job they are offered. If they arent satisfied they decide to change their job.
The main reasons are:
- bad working conditions zl pracovn podmienky
- a bad salary they dont earn enough money zl plat nezarbaj dos peaz
- an unpleasant and intolerant boss or colleagues neprjemn a netolerantn f alebo kolegovia
- long working hours dlh pracovn doba
- some people change their job when they get married because they move to a different place a different
town or a city niektor udia zmenia svoje zamestnanie, ke sa oenia /vydaj/, pretoe sa musia
presahova na in miesto
- you can be made redundant prepusten z nadbytonosti
- you get a better job offer dostane lepiu pracovn ponuku

YOUNG PEOPLE AND THEIR FUTURE JOB

Young people have their dreams and preferences about their future job. Young people usually decide
between the ages 16 and 20 if they are going to do a manual job or a better paid job. Many young people
nowadays want to become lawyers, economists, managers, computer analysts or doctors because these jobs
are interesting and usually well-paid. But if you want to do any of these jobs, you have to have higher
education you must study at a university or a college. If they prefer manual jobs, they can become
builders, carpenters, plumbers, shop assistants and so on.

The problems of young people with their job - young people may face /eli/ these problems when they
 start working:
- they do not have enough experience and thats why they can have problems to find a new job or to do
their job well at the beginning
- they have to learn how to get on with their work colleagues
- sometimes they have to learn to work under pressure or in stressful conditions

My dream job as a child

When I was a child I wanted to be /an actor, an actress, a pop-singer, a sportsman, a doctor,
a scientist, an astronaut/. When I grew up, my dream has changed because I realized it wasnt realistic to
become /napr. I am not talented enough to become a pop-singer/ an actor/ a sportsman. It
is very demanding and difficult to study at the university to become a doctor/
After I finish school I would like to:

- work as . (a car mechanic, an electrician, a builder) because I will have a

qualification. I like this job and I would like to get some new experience.
- I wouldnt like to find a permanent job immediately after I finish school because I would like to travel and
see the world. Maybe I will find a job (for example as a builder, electrician) for a short period of time
abroad to earn some money (for example in the Czech republic, in England, in Germany, Denmark )

WORKAHOLICS:
Workaholic is a man who loves his job and he doesnt want to do anything else /= nechce robi ni in). He
works from morning till evening and he doesnt have any free time which he could spend with his family
and friends. I think that it is fine to have a good job and do it perfectly but it is also very important to do
some hobbies or to go for a walk and enjoy sport activities.

DANGEROUS JOBS:/nebezpen zamestnania/

I think that among the dangerous jobs we can count for example miners. It is a dangerous job because
miners can easily get injured or even killed in a mine. I think that firemen, policemen and rescue teams in
the mountains have dangerous jobs too because they often have to risk their lives to save other people.

JOBS WHICH REQUIRE SPECIAL TALENT OR CHARACTER TRAITS /zamestnania, ktor vyaduj
pecilny talent alebo charakterov rty/:
For some jobs you need to have a special talent and determination. People like artists, photographers,
designers and journalists cant be successful if they are not talented. You need to have a good imagination,
fantasy and a lot of creativity.
For some jobs, you need to have certain qualities or character traits. For example, if you want to become a
doctor, you need:

- determination - odhodlanie
- patience trpezlivos
- flexibility flexibilita, prispsobivos
- sensitivity citlivos
- you should be good at dealing with people mal by si by dobr v zaobchdzan s umi
- you should be prepared to work long hours and weekends mal by si by pripraven pracova dlh
hodiny a vkendy

A teacher should be:

* friendly - priatesk
* good at dealing with people dobr v zaobchdzan s umi
* good at explaining things dobr vo vysvetovan
* he/she should have a strong sense of fairness mal/a by ma siln zmysel pre zodpovednos

A computer analyst must be:

* good at using computers dobr v pouvan potaov
* think logically myslie logicky
* be flexible by flexibiln, prispsobiv
Education

Education in the Slovak Republic

Jan Amos Comenius is known as the instructor of the nations. A child from one to three years of age can attend a
day nursery and from three years of age a kindergarten. The tutor teaches his wards the general principles of the
alphabet and of mathematics. After enrolling in the nine-year elementary school, six year-olds begin their
compulsory school attendance. The school year begins on Septemper 1st and finishes on June 30th. Children
learn to read, write and count, they learn about history, geography, the natural sciences, the fine arts. At the end
of each school year pupils get reports. Then we have two months of holidays. We also have Christmas, Easter,
spring holidays and a few free days on state holidays. In the final year of the elementary school pupils need to
choose his future occupation. They can study at some secondary school - industrial, medical, economic or an
apprentice training centre, or some art school.

Grammar School prepares students for university studies. At the present time there are also private and religious
schools. Secondary school studies last for four years. At the end students must pass a graduation examination
consisting of oral and written parts. They graduate from four or five subjects. From each subject a student selects
one question and answers about 15 minutes. The graduation examination committee rules as to how we
performed. We are offered a second chance in September. If we want to study at a college or university, we must
pass the entrance examinations and degree.

Universities have several levels. The lowest, lasting three years, is the bachelors degree. We can study at a
teachers college and we obtain the title of masters, or we can study at an economics or technical college and we
obtain the title of engineer. The completion of studies is marked by a graduation, where we get a diploma. Our
universities are the Komensky University in Bratislava, the P. J. Safarik University in Kosice, the Matej Bel
University in Banska Bystrica, the Technical University in Kosice... There are driving schools for learning how
to drive any kind of vehicle. Each pupil must pay tuition. After the final exam he get a driving licence. There are
also special schools that prepare children with mental or physical handicaps for normal life.

When I was a child, I attended kindergarten. I used to play, draw, sing, go for walks with my friends and the
teacher. When I was 7 years old, I started to attend elementary school. I enjoyed physical education and art. I
think that secondary school education is very important for ones life. I enrolled this secondary school because I
would like to be a businesswoman. I wouldnt like to study at university in the near future because I would like
to go into the foreign countries.

1.) Education system in GB, USA, Slovakia:

SVK- The most children of SR attend kinder gardens, they usually stay here from 2 to 3 years and spend here
from 6 to 8 hours daily. They play different games, dance, sing, draw, go for walks, different activities, but there
are also breakfast and lunch. In the afternoon they sleep. Its important they meet friends here, help them, they
have no problem in primary school. In SVK is compulsory (povinn) education from 6 to 16 years, so children at
6 go to primary school and stay here until they are 15. The fisrt class is very important and everyone remember
first teacher and classmates and children are thought they write, read and count. New and new subjects appear
such as math, slovak language, physical education, chemistry, biology, foreign languages.. I attend my first
teacher- her name was Krasnocvetov. I think, that I was good pupil. I got only good marks. After the primary
school you must do extrance exams to secondary schools. The best ones go to grammar school, others go to
secondary schools such as technical schools, nurses schools, art schools, or they go to study on apremtis
(uovky). They stay here for 4 years and in finnaly year do
to school living exams (maturita). The best students from grammar schools go to the universities, others go to
work. I attend grammar school in RK. I learn subjects such as math, literatury, slovak language, russian and
english language, history, biology, physical education. I havent favourite subjects, but I dont like history and
chemistry. I think, that its so hard study here. Teachers demanding famous a lot of knowledge. Nearly every day
we have some tests. Im quite good student, but sometimes Im lazy. After extrance they go to universities,
which are in BA, KE, MT, NR, TN, RK. More students can study lawyer (prvnik), medicine.. After the first half
of studying student can get degree a bachelour, and after finally exams they can get degree a doctor, ingeneer,
magister.. I would like to study at ilinsk univerzita in ZA. I want to study informathic.

GB- In GB children go to school at 5. Most children after primary school go to large comprehensive schools
without taking any exams. Here is wide choice of subjects so everyone can choose this optional subjects. At 16
they take first exams o- levels in 5 subjects, if they pass they continue 2 years in more academic type of
studying, if they fail, they go to work. At 18 go to universities, others go to work. There are some famous
universities in GB such as- Oxford, Cambridge, Yale - the best students study here, but there are also a lot of
local universities. More students are excepted here study. In SVK and GB arent school fees.

USA- There arent school fees. Americans take great pride in their schools and want their children to have the
best possible education. Only 1 percent can not write and read. Different types of schools, subjects, timetable:
You can find state schools, church schools, boarding schools, evening schools. Most people prefer state schools,
but also church schools, there arent so many private schools, we have primary private schools. More people can
afford to pay schools fees. Evening schools which are most popular are languages schools. Here study people,
who work in the morning. Boarding schools- students not only study here, they also live here. In GB, there is
very famous top private school which is called etom, these schools are called public. Etom- it has old traditions,
its boarding school only for boys. They have to wear uniforms, they study very hard here, there is strickt
discipline, but the fees are so high. Only sick people can afford to send children there. Timetable- In our school
begin tuition at 7 a.m and finish 2 p.m. Everyda we have about 7 lessons. Each lesson last 45 minutes. GB: they
start later, at about 9 a.m than at 12 they have 1 hour break
lunch but they have lessons also in the afternoon usually optionals (voliten) subjects and they have some after
school activities and they finish about 4 p.m.

Exams and holidays:

Every year in school are divided 2 halfs (2 polroky), after each students are given certificate and have holidays.
In winter we have 2 weeks holidays, in spring we have 1 week holidays, Easter holidays are 4 days, in summer
we have 2 mounths holidays. GB- School are divided 3 therms (semestre), and after each they have holidays.
They also have winter, spring, easter and summer holidays. They have atterns exams ( vstupn skky), and
schools living exams in SR (maturita).- its after 4 years study.- Students can choose 3 subjects but 2 subjects are
compulsory (povinn)- its slovak language and one foreign language. Students before school living exams write
tests- from foreign languages, slovak languages and maths.

Typical day in your school:

In our school we start at 7 a.m and finish at 2 p.m.I go to school by bus or by car. We have about 7 lessons, also
there are possibilty have lunch.

Education
In Britain today, education is compulsory from the age of five to sixteen. School begins at 9 a.m. and ends at 4
p.m. The academic year begins after the summer holidays and is divided into three terms of around 13 weeks
with the intervals between them formed by the Christmas and Easter holidays. In Britain there are mainly state
schools. State education is divided into two main stages: Primary education from the age of 5 to 11 secondary
education from the age of 11 to 16/18.
Primary schools (5-11) are usually divided into Infants (5-7), Juniors (7-11). Secondary schools include:
comprehensive, grammar, secondary modern, technical and public schools.

Examinations:
General Certificate of Education at Ordinary Level (G.C.E."O" level)
General Certificate of Secondary Education (G.C.S.E) - 15/16
General Certificate of Education at Advanced Level (G.C.E."A" level)-18/19

There are both state and private schools in the USA. The school day usually begins between 8.00 and 9.00 a.m.
and ends around 3 p.m. It includes a lunch break and sometimes free hours during the day. School attendance as
compulsory in the United States from 6 until the age of 16. The system of education is divided into pre-school
and elementary, secondary and higher education. Students have both compulsory and elective subjects at high
schools. The compulsory subjects include English, Modern Language, Maths, Chemistry and Biology. The
electives include Music, Arts, Physical Education. All high school students have mid-term and final exams in
each subject.
Anyone who fails can go to to summer school or can take some extra courses. In the end of the final year at high
school the students take nationwide standardized test, called Stanford Achievement Test (SAT).

This test is in all subjects and the scores are used for college entrance requirements. The USA has some of the
world's most outstanding universities including Harvard University, Yale University, Princeton University,
Stanford University... After enrolling in the nine-year elementary school, six-year-olds begin their compulsory
school attendance. The school year begins on September 1st and finishes in June 30th. Children gradually learn
to read, write and count; later they get acquainted with the fundaments of history, geography, the natural sciences
and fine arts. Students are evaluated by marks from 1 to 5. 1 is the best and 5 is the worst. At the end of the each
school year pupils get reports with their academic record in different subjects. After elementary school we can
study at some secondary school (technical, medical, economic) or an apprentice training centre, or some art
school. One of alternative secondary schools is Grammar school which prepares its students for university
studies. Secondaryschool studies last for four years. At the end of fourth year students must pass a graduation
examinition, usually consisting of oral and written parts. Knowledge of four subjects is verified here. The Slovak
language is compulsory, while other subjects are determined either by the institute itself or left to the choice of
the student. From each subject a student selects one question which should be answered and discussed for fifteen
minutes. The graduation examination committee
rules as to how we performed. If we do not manage to pass the examination on our first attempt, we are offered a
second chance in september. Grammar school is a secondary school which prepares students for university
studies.