10.3 Hyperbolas M. R.

Abujiya

10.3: HYPERBOLAS

I. Definitions

A hyperbola is the set of all points in the plane, the difference

between whose distances from two fixed points ( Foci) is a positive
constant.

The transverse axis is the line segment joining the intercepts. The
midpoint of the transverse axis is called the center of the
hyperbola. The conjugate axis passes through the center of the
hyperbola and is perpendicular to the transverse axis.

The vertices of a hyperbola are the points where the hyperbola

intersects the transverse axis.

II. Hyperbola with Center at (0, 0)

Horizontal Hyperbola Vertical Hyperbola

(Transverse axis on the x-axis) (Transverse axis on the y-axis)
Graph:

x2 y 2 y 2 x2
Standard equation: =1 =1
a 2 b2 a 2 b2
Center: ( 0, 0 ) ( 0, 0 )
Vertices: ( a, 0 ) ( 0, a )
Foci: ( c, 0 ) , where c 2 = a 2 + b 2 ( 0, c ) , where c 2 = a 2 + b 2
End points of conjugate axis: ( 0, b ) ( b, 0 )
b a
Asymptote: y= x y= x
a b
Distance: d ( P, F1 ) d ( P, F2 ) = 2a
c
> 1; e= c>a
Eccentricity: a
e 1 thinner hyperbola; e wider hyperbola

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10.3 Hyperbolas M. R. Abujiya

Example 1: Graph each hyperbola, and find the coordinates of the foci. Give the domain and the range.
y2 x2 x y2
(a) 1 = 0 (b) 64 x 2 9 y 2 = 144 (c) = 1+
9 4 3 25

Example 2: Find the standard form of equation of hyperbola having vertices ( 5, 0 ) , ( 5, 0 ) and passing
through the point ( 1,3)

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Example 3: Find the standard equation of the hyperbola with the asymptotes y = x and vertices
2
( 0, 4) .

III. Hyperbola with Center at (h, k)

Horizontal Hyperbola Vertical Hyperbola

(Transverse axis parallel to x-axis) (Transverse axis parallel to y-axis)
( x h) ( y k) (y k) ( x h)
2 2 2 2
Standard equation: =1 =1
a2 b2 a2 b2
Center: ( h, k ) ( h, k )
Vertices: ( a + h, k ) ( h, a + k )
Foci: ( c + h, k ) ( h, c + k )
End points of conjugate axis: ( h, b + k ) ( b + h, k )
b a
Asymptote: yk = ( x h) yk = ( x h)
a b

Example 4: Find the center, vertices, foci, asymptotes and eccentricity of each equation and graph
(a) 16 x 2 9 y 2 32 x 54 y = 79 (b) x2 y 2 6 x + 8 y 3 = 0

Example 5: Find the standard form of the equation of the hyperbola having vertices ( 1,5 ) , ( 1, 1)
and foci ( 1, 7 ) , ( 1, 3) .

Example 6: Find the equation of the hyperbola having eccentricity, e = 2 , and foci ( 4, 0 ) & ( 4, 0 ) .

Example 7: Find the number of intersection points between the graphs of x 2 y 2 = 1 and
( x 1)
2
+ y2 = 4