JAPAN

Iceland: although the inhabitants are ethnically related to other Scandinavian groups, the
national culture and language are found only in Iceland. There are no cross-border minorities
the nearest land is too far away.

Japan: Japan is also traditionally seen as a good example of a nation-state, although Japan
includes minorities of ethnically distinct Ryky peoples, Koreans, Chinese, and on the
northern island of Hokkaid, the indigenous Ainu minority; see also Japanese
Demographics .

Portugal: although surrounded by other lands and people, the Portuguese nation has
occupied the same territory for almost 900 years. A long time ago, Portugal was formed from
groups of people that used to be separate. They all passed through and settled in the area that
later became Portugal. They include: native Iberian peoples, Celts, ancient Mediterraneans
(Greeks, Phoenicians, Romans), Germanic peoples like the Suebi and the Visigoths,
invading Berbers and Arabs, and Jews.[2]
New Zealand
The Treaty of Waitangi

The story of New Zealand as a modern nation state began in 1840. In that year the
country became a British colony when more than 500 Mori chiefs and representatives of
Queen Victoria signed the Treaty of Waitangi. The treaty is the countrys founding
document.

The treaty in English and Mori

The treaty was written in English and translated into Mori. Most Mori chiefs signed
this translation. It seems likely that the two peoples had a different understanding of
certain key concepts.

Austria (/stri, -/ ( listen);[7][8] German: sterreich [sta] ( listen)), officially the Republic
of Austria (German: Republik sterreich, listen (helpinfo)), is a federal republic and a landlocked
country of over 8.7 million people[2] in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech
Republic and Germany to the north, Hungary and Slovakia to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the
south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west. The territory of Austria covers
83,879 km2 (32,386 sq mi). The terrain is highly mountainous, lying within the Alps; only 32% of the
country is below 500 m (1,640 ft), and its highest point is 3,798 m (12,461 ft).[9]The majority of the
population speaks local Bavarian dialects of German as their native language,[10] and German in its
standard form is the country's official language.[11] Other local official languages
are Hungarian, Burgenland Croatian, and Slovene.[9]

Argentina (/rdntin/ ( listen); Spanish: [axentina]), officially the Argentine

Republic[A] (Spanish: Repblica Argentina), is a federal republic in the southern portion of South
America. Sharing the bulk of the Southern Cone with its neighbor Chile to the west, the country is
also bordered by Bolivia and Paraguay to the north, Brazil to the northeast, Uruguay and the South
Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Drake Passage to the south. With a mainland area of
2,780,400 km2 (1,073,500 sq mi),[B] Argentina is the eighth-largest country in the world, the second
largest in Latin America, and the largest Spanish-speaking one. The country is subdivided into
twenty-three provinces (Spanish: provincias, singular provincia) and one autonomous city (ciudad
autnoma), Buenos Aires, which is the federal capital of the nation (Spanish: Capital Federal) as
decided by Congress.[11] The provinces and the capital have their own constitutions, but exist under
a federal system.

Mexico (Spanish: Mxico, pronounced [mexiko] ( listen)), officially the United Mexican
States (Spanish: Estados Unidos Mexicanos, listen (helpinfo)),[10][11][12][13] is a federal republic in the
southern portion of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and
west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and to
the east by the Gulf of Mexico.[14] Covering almost two million square kilometers (over
760,000 sq mi),[13] Mexico is the sixth largest country in the Americas by total area and the 13th
largest independent nation in the world.

Russia (/r/ ( listen); Russian: , tr. Rossija; IPA: [rsij]; from the Greek: Rus'),
also officially known as the Russian Federation[12] (Russian:
, tr. Rossiyskaya Federatsiya; IPA: [rsijskj fdratsj]), is a country in Eurasia.[13] At
17,125,200 square kilometres (6,612,100 sq mi),[14] Russia is the largest country in the world by
surface area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, [15][16][17] and the ninth
most populous, with over 144 million people at the end of March 2016.[18][7] The European western
part of the country is much more populated and urbanised than the eastern; about 77% of the
population live in European Russia. Russia's capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world;
other major urban centers include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg, Nizhny Novgorod,
and Kazan.
Extending across the entirety of Northern Asia and much of Eastern Europe, Russia spans eleven
time zones and incorporates a wide range of environments and landforms. From northwest to
southeast, Russia shares land
borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both with Kaliningrad
Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia, and North Korea. It
shares maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk and the U.S. state of Alaska across
the Bering Strait.
Spain steps back to reexamine the concept of the nation-state. Spain constitutionally defines
itself as a nation-state, insisting that all its citizens belong to the Spanish nation. But as we have
seen, many are adamant that Spain is a country of multiple nations. Some sub-Spanish
nationalists retain the nation-state ideal, arguing that the independence of Catalonia and the
Basque Country is necessary for the creation of genuinely national states. Less extreme
partisans reject nation-state status, arguing that Spain should declare itself a plurinational state:
one country, in other words, divided into several nations.

Source: http://www.geocurrents.info/place/latin-america/spain-bolivia-iraq-and-the-fallacy-of-the-
nation-state#ixzz4rQ9lbFaI

MOROCCO
The Moroccan nation-state is a taken-for-granted geopolitical entity that is represented by the
Moroccan government and the core of the world system in ways that are consonant with their
visions of reality. The primary goal of this thesis is to uncover the ideology and politics behind
these visions of reality. Theories of critical geopolitics have been used to deconstruct Morocco's
occupation of Western Sahara, its language policy, its economic policy, and its immigration
situation. I have shown that the Moroccan government's views of its own nation-state are
influenced by Arabo-Islamist ideology and that the core's perceptions of Morocco are influenced
by colonial philosophy, modernization theory, and neoliberal thought. In these cases,
geographical information that presents itself as objective is instead highly ideological and
politicized.

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The Idealized Nation-State, Globalization, Critical Geopolitics and the Case of Morocco.
Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/29445699_The_Idealized_Nation-
State_Globalization_Critical_Geopolitics_and_the_Case_of_Morocco [accessed Sep 1, 2017].
Jordan (/drdn/; Arabic: Al-Urdunn), officially The Hashemite Kingdom of
Jordan (Arabic: Al-Mamlakah Al-Urdunnyah Al-shimyah), is an Arab kingdom
in Western Asia, on the East Bank of the Jordan River. Jordan is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the
east and south; Iraq to the north-east; Syria to the north; Israel, Palestine and the Dead Sea to the
west; and the Red Sea in its extreme south-west.[6] Jordan is strategically located at the crossroads
of Asia, Africa and Europe.[7]The capital, Amman, is Jordan's most populous city as well as the
country's economic, political and cultural centre.[8]