Tandain di garisnya : infeasible di 1-2 shell -> Ft terlalu kecil / slope kebesaran.

Solusi : konfigurasinya
jadi 1-3. Alternative lain, pake konfigurasi 1-2 yg disusun secara seri. Transformasi bisa dicapai kalau
pada Nshell yang disusun secara seri, shell pass-nya punya nilai Ft yang sama; nilai P pada tiap shell-pass
sama, tapi gak sama dengan P di semua Nshell; R konstan.

Rumus : masukkin 15.62, 15.63, 15.64

Xp dipilih buat bikin Ft minimum (missal : for FTmin > 0.75, XP =0.9 is used).

Generally, the smaller the number of shells for a given overall duty, the cheaper will be the design. The
higher the value of XP chosen, the larger will be the number of shells, but the safer the design. Thus, a
compromise is required. A value of XP =0.9 is reasonable for conceptual design. In addition to the FT
limiting the temperature cross in each shell and dividing the overall duty into a number of shells, there is
a maximum physical size that can be fabricated in a single shell. For shell-and-tube heat exchangerswith
removable tube bundles, the maximum size of shell is around 1000 m2. However, a signicantly lower
gure might well be preferred for maintenance and cleaning purposes. Fixed bundle heat exchangers
can be much larger, typically up to 4500 m2.

15.4 ALLOCATION OF FLUIDS IN SHELL-AND-TUBE HEAT EXCHANGERS

In a new design, the allocation of streams to the tube-side or shell-side will be unknown at this stage.
The issues to be considered for the allocation include:

a. Materials of construction. If expensive materials of construction are required for one of the uids
because of its corrosive nature or high temperature, then this uid should normally be allocated to the
tube-side. This can reduce the cost of expensive materials of construction.

b. Fouling. The uid that has the greatest tendency to foul the heat transfer surfaces should be allocated
to the tubeside. This will give better control over the design uid velocity, and the higher allowable
velocity in the tubes will reduce fouling. Stagnant zones and zones with low velocity can occur on the
shell-side, leading to accelerated fouling. Also, the tubes are easier to clean than the shell-side.

c. Operating pressures. The stream with the higher pressure should be allocated to the tube-side. The
smaller the diameter of a tube, the thinner the wall needed to contain the same pressure. The tubes are
therefore more effective at containing high pressure than the shell.

d. Pressure drop. For the same pressure drop, higher heat transfer coefcients will be obtained on the
tube-side than the shell-side. The uid with the lowest allowable pressure drop should normally be
allocated to the tube-side.

e. Viscosity. Generally, a higher heat transfer coefcient will be obtained by allocating the more viscous
material to the shell-side, provided the ow is turbulent. The critical Reynolds number for turbulent ow
on the shell-side is in the region of 200.

f. Stream owrates. Allocating the uid with the lower owrate to the shell-side will normally allow a
higher heat transfer coefcient to be obtained for that uid and give the most economic design.
g. Fluid temperatures. Placing the hotter uid in the tubes will reduce the shell surface temperature, and
hence the need for lagging to reduce heat loss and might be desirable for safety reasons.

These general guidelines can contradict each other. If this is the case, some compromise must be made.