Project Report

(Submitted for the Degree of B. Com. Honours in Accounting &

Finance under the University of Calcutta)

Title of the Project

Submitted by
Name of the Candidate: Jibraan Ahmed Qaiser
Registration No. :
Roll No. :
Name of College : The Bhawanipur Education Society College

Supervised By
Name of Supervisor :
Name of the College : The Bhawanipur Education Society College

Month & Year of Submission :

1
 SUPERVISOR'S CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Mr. Jibraan Ahmed Qaiser a student of B.Com.

Honours in Accounting & Finance in Business of The Bhawanipur
Education Society College under the University of Calcutta has worked
under my supervision and guidance for his/her Project Work and
prepared a Project Report with the title
..................................................................................................................
......................................
which he is submitting, is his genuine and original work to the best of
my knowledge.

Signature
Place:
Name:
Date:
Designation:

Name of the College: The Bhawanipur Education Society College.

2
 Student's Declaration
I hereby declare that the Project Work with the title (in block letters)
.............................
...............................................................................................................
submitted by me for partial fulfilment of the degree of B.Com.
Honours in Accounting & Finance under the University of Calcutta is
my original work and has not been submitted earlier to any other
University /Institution for the fulfilment of the requirement for any
course of study. I also declare that no chapter of this manuscript in
whole or in part has been incorporated in this report from any earlier
work done by others or by me. However, extracts of any literature
which has been used for this report has been duly acknowledged
providing details of such literature in the references.

Signature

Name:

Address:

Registration No.

Place:

Date:

3
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Writing a thesis is a learning and challenging task. Without
encouragements it would be difficult to accomplish it.There, I
would like to use this opportunity to thank all the people who
helped me in accomplishing this study.
First, I would like to thank my supervisor Prof. for her invaluable
efforts while guiding ,correcting and teaching me how to conduct
and write my research in a more academic way. Without her
guidance, interest, advice and time ,this study would not have
been accomplished.
Second ,I am grateful to The Bhawanipur Education Society
College for admitting me to accomplish my education
goal.Iwould have been probably administered into another
Uniersity ,but I would not have learned what I obtained from this
college.

4
 INDEX
SL .NO PARTICULARS Pages

INTRODUCTION 06-12
Significance Of Tourism 08

Literature Review 09-10

Chapter 1 Need for the Study 11

Research Methodology 11

Limitations of the Study 12

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK 13-17

Chapter 2 National Scenarios 14-15

International Scenarios 16-17

Chapter 3 DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS 18-27

Chapter 4 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 28-33

Conclusion 29

Recommendations 30-33

Chapter 5 BIBLIOGRAPHY 34-35

5
CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

6
 Introduction
Tourism is travel for pleasure; also the theory and practice of touring,
the business of attracting, accommodating, and entertaining tourists,
and the business of operating tours. Tourism may be international, or
within the traveller's country. The world tourism organisation defines
tourism more generally, in terms which go "beyond the common
perception of tourism as being limited to holiday activity only", as
people "traveling to and staying in places outside their usual
environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure,
business and other purposes".
Tourism can be domestic or international, and international tourism
has both incoming and outgoing implications on a country's balance of
payments. Today, tourism is a major source of income for many
countries, and affects the economy of both the source and host
countries, in some cases being of vital importance.
Tourism suffered as a result of a strong economic slowdown of
the late-2000s recession, between the second half of 2008 and the
end of 2009, and the outbreak of the H1N1 influenza virus, but slowly
recovered. International tourism receipts (the travel item in
the balance of payments) grew to US$1.03 trillion (740 billion) in
2011, corresponding to an increase in real terms of 3.8% from
2010. International tourist arrivals surpassed the milestone of 1 billion
tourists globally for the first time in 2012, emerging markets such
as China, Russia and Brazil had significantly increased their spending
over the previous decade. The ITB Berlin is the world's leading
tourism trade fair .
Tourism is an integral part of human life. It is a situation where person
from one country, or region to other region and country for a short
run period, is included in the concept of tourism. Now-a-days the
tourism industry has a greater importance. India has a greate heritage
of historical place like the Taj Mahal, Verious Forts, Natural sites etc.
Since 2000 tourism industry has been giving number of benefits to
India. The number of foreign tourits visited to India which has given

7
foreign exchange earning to the Country. Here, we have focused the
growth and performance of the Indian tourism industry. We have also
analyzed the causal analysis of the Indian tourism industry for overall
development of the Indian economy. National tourism policy 2002
and its implications are important in this context.

Significance of tourism :
Tourism is an important, even vital, source of income for many regions
and countries. Its importance was recognized in the Manila
Declaration on World Tourism of 1980 as "an activity essential to the
life of nations because of its direct effects on the social, cultural,
educational, and economic sectors of national societies and on their
international relations."

Tourism brings in large amounts of income into a local economy in the

form of payment for goods and services needed by tourists,
accounting for 30% of the world's trade of services, and 6% of
overall exports of goods and services. It also creates opportunities
for employment in the service sector of the economy associated with
tourism.

The service industries which benefit from tourism

include transportation services, such as airlines, cruise ships,
and taxicabs; hospitality services, such as accommodations,
including hotels and resorts; and entertainment venues, such
as amusement parks, casinos, shopping malls, music venues,
and theatres. This is in addition to goods bought by tourists, including
souvenirs, clothing and other supplies.

8
 Literature Review
For the purpose of understanding the facts about the Tourism industry
we have reviewed some important research papers related to Tourism
sector; Shalini N. Tripathi & Masood H. Siddiqui (2010) , mentioned
that tourism and hospitality have become key global economic
activities as expectations with regard to our use of leisure time have
evolved, attributing greater meaning to our free time. While the
growth in tourism has been impressive, India's share in total global
tourism arrivals and earnings is quite insignificant. It is an accepted
fact that India has tremendous potential for development of tourism
According to Lok Sabha Secretariat (2013), the role of the Government
in tourism development has been redefined from that of a regulator
to that of a catalyst. Apart from marketing and promotion, the focus
of tourism development plans is now on integrated development of
enabling infrastructure through effective partnership with various
stakeholders. Ashish Nag (2013) mentioned that the Ministry of
Tourism in any country seeks ways to promote and develop tourism in
the country. Tourism Industry Growth in any country is prone to the
changing economic conditions. In the event when a country is passing
through a low phase or an individual's job is at stake, not many people
choose to travel. Archana Bhatia (2013) mentioned that tourism today
is a leisure activity of the masses. People today travel to international
destinations to break the regular monotony of life. But every
destination has some internal strengths and weaknesses that either
enhance its capacity to attract foreign visitors or diminish it. Similarly
from the external environment can originate various opportunities or
threats as well. Anushree Banerjee (2014), stated that the major
issues that are restraining the industry from achieving high economic
value are shortage of qualified personnel, shortage of tourism training
institutes, shortage of well qualified trainers, working conditions for
the employees. Policies

9
which can help the employees to work in supportive environment are
also a point of concern. The paper is an attempt to judge the work
done by the HRD team of the tourism industry with special reference
to Jet Airways India Ltd. This in turn can enhance the capabilities and
motivate them to work more efficiently.

10
 NEED FOR THE STUDY
The study aims to conduct research on different aspects of
responsible community based tourism. It also promotes the concept
of socially responsible travel for environmental awareness,
conservation and sustainable use of natural resources and the steps
that are being taken to promote the same across various states in
India . This study helps us understand the different types of tourism
and their social , economic , educational and economic impacts in
details .

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The data required has been collected from the secondary sources
.Published works both related and relevant to the subject under study,
works of eminent authors and personalities who have contributed
immensely to the promotion of culture in India, tourism promotional
literature , report of Ministry of Tourism , Government of India and
Department of Tourism in West Bengal , publication of cultural
organizations, manuscripts, documents, archive information, articles and
feature stories in periodicals, websites and e resources are the sources
tapped extensively for collecting secondary data.

11
 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

The following limitations were encountered by the researcher while

carrying out the research work :

The area of study is very vast and encompasses a plethora of

cultural products and expressions spread over the premier and
dynamic cultural tourism destination, regarded highly not only in
India, but also across the globe. A microscopic study always seemed
to be a thorough limitation owing to this.
The review materials were available in abundance on cultural
tourism perspectives globally, and on West Bengal culture. Yet, not
much published literature pertaining to tourism management as
such in the state.
The content analysis of experts view posed challenges in narrowing
down to generalizable inferences.

12
 CHAPTER 2

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

13
 National Scenario
Indian Scenario Tourism is the largest service sector industry in India.
The industry provides heritage, cultural, medical, business and sports
tourism. It is expected that the tourism sector contribution to the
countrys gross domestic product will grow at the rate of 7.85 yearly in
the period 2013- 2023. It accounts for one-third of the foreign
exchange earnings of India and also gainfully employs the highest
number of people compared to other sectors. This sector also attracts
the domestic tourist and foreign tourist in an enthusiastic way which
resulted in improving well balanced economy for the nation like in
India . Tourism industry in India has several positive impacts on the
economy and society. Following are the significance and importance
of tourism in India . Tourism in India has developed as an instrument
of income and employment generation, poverty alleviation and
sustainable human development. It contributes 6.23% to the national
GDP and 8.78% of the total employment in India. Almost 20 million
people are now in developing country like India by providing jobs,
generating income, diversifying the economy, protecting the
environment, and promoting cross-cultural awareness. However, key
challenges like adoption of regulatory frameworks, mechanisms to
reduce crime and corruption, etc, must be addressed if peace-
enhancing benefits from this industry are to be realized. The Indian
tourism sector has been flourishing in recent years due to improved
connectivity to and from the country. Also, a better lodging facility at
the tourist destinations has been a factor which has contributes to
increase Foreign Tourist Arrivals (FTA). The most alarming as well as
astonishing trend is that India has not been among the top ten
tourism destinations in the world. As a result, there has been slow
growth in the tourist arrivals in India which is demonstrate by Figure
1. In 2010 India attracted 5.8 million tourists and this figure went up
to a level of 7.4 million in 2014. There has been an overall increase of

14
29.3 between 2010 and 2014. This means a rise of 5.9% per year
during the last five years. It shows that due to tourism sector India has
gained brand image in the mind of foreign tourist and the data
regarding tourism shows about the increasing trend of foreign tourist
arrival which resulted the boosting in foreign exchange earnings. In
order to ensure a gradual and steady increase in the tourist arrivals in
India, The government of India, Ministry of Tourism is working really
hard planning promotional activities.

15
 INTERNATIONAL SCENARIO :

Tourism has been a major social phenomenon of societies all over the
world. It is driven by the natural urge of every human being for new
experiences, and the desire to the both educated and entertained.
Tourism today is a leisure activity of the masses. People today travel to
national and international destinations to break the regular monotony of
life. They are mainly attracted by either the scenic beauty of its nature or
by fascinating leisure, sports and adventure activities offered by the
destination . Over the last two decades, Travel and Tourism has played a
more and more important role in the economic development of many
countries. Increased travel across the globe has been driven by growth in
real incomes; greater amounts of leisure time; improved and highly
accessible transportation systems; ongoing globalization of business
linkages, including supply chains; highly effective communication systems
that facilitate marketing; and a significant number of new tourism
services. Tourism is four dimensional activities. First, it is environment
friendly. Second, it generates employment in the country. Third, it brings
substantial amount of foreign exchange to countrys exchequer, fourth it
further generates revenue for the countrys economy and fifth it creates
most effective and efficient backward and forward linkages among
different components of Tourism sector. Tourism has emerged as one of
the worlds largest service industries with sizeable economic benefits and
immense opportunities. With the emergence of technological
advancement, and competitiveness in service-based industries the
tourism sector is playing a vital role in contributing to improve gross
domestic product (GDP) and creation of employment across the world
economy . It is one of the leading job creators in the world. The industry
employs more than 98 million people directly, representing over 3
percent of all employment. When indirect and induced impacts are
included, the industry contributes to around one in every eleven jobs
worldwide. While tourism generates a significant amount of foreign
exchange earnings that also contribute to the economic growth of
developed countries . Tourism is an important and flourishing industry in
the world and it is termed as a useful measure for employment
generation, poverty alleviation and sustainable human development in
India. The objective of present paper is to investigates the status and

16
development of tourism globally and Indian context. It also examines the
trends of Foreign Tourist Arrivals in India which is followed by state-wise
analysis. Despite turmoil in different parts of the country, world tourism
registered an increase of 4% in the first half of 2015. Tourism destination
world over has got nearly 538 million tourists from January and June
2015, a rise of 21 million as against the figure of 2014. Caribbean and
Oceania have emerged as the most popular tourism destination.
It is seen that the highest increase has been taken place in
case of Europe followed Middle East by Asia and Pacific, Americas. But
Africa registered a fall in the tourist arrivals. The significant thing is
that the rise in the tourist arrivals is higher than the world average
figure of 4.1% during the period under review. This is attributed to the
positive and productive measures taken by the Governments and
corporate in their respective continents.

17
 CHAPTER 3

DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS

18
 1) Domestic Tourist Visits to States/ UTs

STATE/UT-WISE TOP 5 DOMESTIC TOURIST VISITS, 2012-2015

S.No State/UT 2012 2013 2014 2015 Growth Rate Rank

(2014-15)
1 Tamil Nadu 184136840 244232487 327555233 333459047 1.80 1
2 Uttar Pradesh 168381276 226531091 182820108 204888457 12.07 2
3 Andhra Pradesh 207217952 152102150 93306974 121591054 30.31 3
4 Karnataka 94052729 98010140 118283220 119863942 1.34 4
5 Maharashtra 74816051 82700556 92632097 103403934 11.64 5
Table 1 (a)

STATE/UT-WISE BOTTOM 5 DOMESTIC TOURIST VISITS, 2012-2015

State/UT 2012 2013 2014 2015 Growth Rate Rank

(2014-15)
1 Lakshadeep 4417 4784 7315 17241 135.69 36
2 Nagaland 35915 35638 58507 64616 10.44 35
3 Mizoram 64249 63377 68203 66605 -2.34 33
4 Andaman & Nicobar 238699 243703 285146 296684 4.05 32
Island
5 Arunachal Pradesh 132243 125461 335974 352067 30.31 31

Table 1 (b)

Source: Department of tourism, government of India, New Delhi

Objectives :
During 2015, the number of domestic tourist visits to the States/ UTs
was 1432 million as compared to 1282.8 million in 2014 registering a
growth of 11.63% over 2014.
The top five States in terms of number of domestic tourist visits (in
millions), during 2015, were Tamil Nadu (333.5), Uttar Pradesh
(204.9), Andhra Pradesh (121.6), Karnataka (119.9), Maharashtra
(103.4) .

19
 The bottom five states in terms of number of tourist visit (in
thousands ) during 2015, were Lakshadeep (17.2), Nagaland (64616),
Mizoram (66.6). Andaman & Nicobar Island (296.6), Arunachal
Pradesh (352.1)
Tamil Nadu and Uttar Pradesh have maintained the first and second
rank respectively in terms of DTVs in 2015. Andhra Pradesh has
gained the third position leaving Karnataka and Maharashtra at the
succeeding fourth and fifth positions respectively.

20
 2) Foreign Tourist Visits to States/ UTs
STATE/UT-WISE TOP 5 Foreign TOURIST VISITS, 2014-2015

S.No State/UT 2012 2013 2014 2015 Growth Rate Rank

(2014-15)
1 Tamil Nadu 3561740 3990490 4657630 4684707 0.58 1
2 Maharashtra 2651889 4156343 4389098 4408916 0.45 2
3 Uttar Pradesh 1994495 2054420 2909735 3104062 6.68 3
4 Delhi 2345980 2301395 2319046 2379169 2.59 4
5 West Bengal 1219610 1245230 1375740 1489500 8.27 5

Table 2(a)

STATE/UT-WISE Bottom 5 Foreign TOURIST VISITS, 2012-2015

State/UT 2012 2013 2014 2015 Growth Rate Rank

(2014-15)
1 Mizoram 744 800 921 798 -13.36 36
2 Lakshadweep 580 371 514 1173 128.21 35
3 Nagaland 2489 3304 2585 2769 7.12 33
4 Manipur 749 1908 2769 3260 17.73 32
5 Arunachal Pradesh 5135 10846 5204 5705 29.63 31

Table 2(b)

Source: Department of tourism, government of India, New Delhi

Objectives :

During 2015, the number of foreign tourist visits (FTVs) to the

States/ UTs was 23.3 million as compared to 22.3 million in 2014
registering
a growth of 4.4% over 2014.
The top five States in terms of number of FTVs (in millions) during
2015 were Tamil Nadu (4.68), Maharashtra (4.41), Uttar Pradesh (3.1),
Delhi (2.38), West Bengal(1.49).
In 2015, while the top 4 states retained their previous rankings,
21
West Bengal improved by one rank to leave Rajasthan at sixth
rank. Kerala, Bihar and Karnataka retained their ranks at seventh,
eighth and ninth .

Total Foreign Tourist Arrivals In India (in nos)

2010

2011

2012
Total Foreign Tourist Arrivals In
India (in nos)
2013

2014

0
2,000,000
4,000,000
6,000,000
8,000,000

Sources : Ministry Of tourism report

The potential and opportunities of tourism has been confined to

Indias 10 major states wherein the majority of foreign tourists are
attracted. These are namely: Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh,
Delhi, Rajasthan, West Bengal, Kerala, Bihar and Haryana. These states
are trying hard to attract more foreign tourists so that they could
generate more revenue, employment and foreign exchange earnings.

22
3) Tourism Satellite Account

Source: Department of tourism, government of India, New Delhi Table 3

It is important to know the contribution of tourism in the total

economy and the total jobs in the country. National Accounts
(prepared every year by Ministry of Statistics & PI) measure the
growth and contribution of various sectors like manufacturing,
agriculture, services such as banking, transport,insurance, etc., while
computing the GDP of the country. However, the System of National
Accounts is not able to measure the growth and contribution of
tourism in GDP. This is because tourism is not an industry in the way
industry is defined in the system of National Accounts.

23
 4 ) Top 15 Source Countries For Tourist Arrival in India During 2014 & 2015

Rank in FTAs in India % Share in Rank in FTAs in India % Share

2014 Country in 2014 2014 2015 Country in 2015 in 2015

1 United States 1118983 14.57 1 United States 1213624 15.12

2 Bangladesh 942562 12.27 2 Bangladesh 1133879 14.13

United United
3 Kingdom 838860 10.92 3 Kingdom 867601 10.81

4 Sri Lanka 301601 3.93 4 Sri Lanka 299513 3.73

Russian
5 Federation 269832 3.51 5 Canada 281306 3.50

6 Canada 268485 3.50 6 Malaysia 272941 3.40

7 Malaysia 262026 3.41 7 Australia 263101 3.28

8 France 246101 3.20 8 Germany 248314 3.09

9 Australia 239762 3.12 9 France 230854 2.88

10 Germany 239106 3.11 10 Japan 207415 2.58

11 Japan 219516 2.86 11 China 206322 2.57

Russian
12 China 181020 2.36 12 Federation 172419 2.15

13 Singapore 150731 1.96 13 Nepal 154720 1.93

14 Nepal 126416 1.65 14 Singapore 152238 1.90

15 Thailand 121362 1.58 15 Pakistan 124924 1.56

Total Top 15 Countries 5526363 71.97 Total Top 15 Countries 5829171 72.62

Other Countries 2152736 28.03 Other Countries 2197962 27.38

Grand Total 7679099 100.0 Grand Total 8027133 100.0

Sources :Ministry Of Tourism ,Government of India Table 4

24
Objectives :

In 2014 & 2015 United States top the rank with most tourist
arrival in India followed by Bangladesh , United Kingdom ,and
Srilanka.
In 2015, while the top 4 states retained their previous
rankings,while Canada improved the rank to one position
followed by Malaysia at sixth.
In 2015 Australia improved by two position to seventh followed
by Germany.
In 2015 France position decrease by one rank to ninth. Pakistan
who was not in top 15 in 2014 makes it to the list in 2015 at
fifteen position.
Top fifteen countries contribute 72.62% of the total number of
source countries for tourist arrival in India during 2015.

25
5 ) Foreign Tourist Arrivals (FTAs) and Foreign Exchange Earnings (FEEs) from Tourism in
India during December 2015 and comparative figures of 2014 and 2013

Percentage
Month Foreign Tourist Arrivals (Nos.) Change
2013 2014 2015 2014/13 2015/14
January 7,20,321 7,57,786 7,90,854 5.2% 4.4%
February 6,88,569 7,55,678 7,61,007 9.7% 0.7%
March 6,39,530 6,90,441 7,29,154 8.0% 5.6%
April 4,50,580 5,35,321 5,41,551 18.8% 1.2%
May 4,17,453 4,65,043 5,09,869 11.4% 9.6%
June 4,51,223 5,02,028 5,12,341 11.3% 2.1%
July 5,06,427 5,68,871 6,28,323 12.3% 10.5%
August 4,86,338 5,75,750 5,99,478 18.4% 4.1%
September 4,53,561 5,09,142 5,42,600 12.3% 6.6%
October 5,98,095 6,68,398 6,83,286 11.8% 2.2%
November 7,33,923 7,65,497 8,15,947 4.3% 6.6%
December 8,21,581 8,85,144 9,12,723 7.7% 3.1%
Total 69,67,601 76,79,099 80,27,133 10.2% 4.5%
Foreign Exchange Earnings (in Rs. Percentage
Month crore) Change
2013 # 2 2014 # 2 2015 # 2 2014/13 2015/14
January 10,785 11,664 12,100 8.2% 3.7%
February 10,255 11,510 11,642 12.2% 1.1%
March 9,545 10,479 11,133 9.8% 6.2%
April 7,226 9,179 10,091 27.0% 9.9%
May 6,627 7,936 9,505 19.8% 19.8%
June 7,149 8,366 9,564 17.0% 14.3%
July 8,620 10,284 11,982 19.3% 16.5%
August 8,351 10,385 11,411 24.4% 9.9%
September 7,811 9,057 10,415 16.0% 15.0%
October 8,645 10,041 10,549 16.1% 5.1%
November 10,663 11,431 12,649 7.2% 10.7%
December 11,994 12,988 14,152 8.3% 9.0%
Total 1,07,671 1,23,320 1,35,193 14.5% 9.6%
Sources :Ministry of Tourism, Government of India Table 5(a &b)

26
a) Foreign Tourist Arrivals (FTAs):

Objectives :

FTAs during the year 2013 were 69.67 lakh as compared to FTAs of
2014 were 76.79 lakh .

FTAs during the year 2015 were 80.27 lakh as compared to FTAs of
2014 were 76.79 lakh .

The Percentage change of Foreign Tourist Arrivals(FTAs) in 2014/13

was 10.2% and in 2015/14 was 4.5%

b) Foreign Exchange Earnings (FEEs) from Tourism (in Rs. Crore)

Objectives :

The growth rate in FEEs in rupee terms during 2014/13 was 14.5% as
compared to the growth of 9.6% in 2015/14.

FEEs from tourism in rupee terms during 2014 were 1,23,320 crore
with a growth of 14.5% as compared to the FEE of `1,07,671 crore in
2013

FEEs from tourism in rupee terms during 2015 were 1,35,193 crore
with a growth of 9.6% as compared to the FEE of 1,23,320 crore in
2014.

27
 CHAPTER 4

CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATIONS

28
 Conclusion
Today, Tourism is an emerging as well as a leading sector in the world
and is now considered by some as the number one industry.
Demographic, socio-structural and socio-cultural developments have
always led to changes in tourist demands, and service providers in
tourism are faced with a substantial need to adjust. These constant
challenges have expanded and intensified considerably in the first few
years of the new millennium. War and tourism, extreme weather, the
ongoing internationalization of tourism and the ageing of society
(increasingly prominent in public awareness) have emphatically
demonstrated the latent vulnerability of tourism as a boom industry .
The present study found that Tourism sector is plays a pivotal role in
the economic growth and development globally as well as in India. It
further reveals that the number of foreign tourist arrival and trends in
Passenger Load Factor has been increased in India. The future of
tourism in India is certainly bright but there is a long road ahead.
Development of quality infrastructure will be the key to Indias
harnessing her full tourism potential. The Ministry of Tourism has
been very supportive to the fraternity efforts, and now visa on arrival
is slowly becoming a reality . Hence, tourism has emerged as a key
sector of the world economy and has become a major workforce in
global trade. It has been making a revolutionary and significant impact
on the world economic scenario as well as in India.

29
 RECOMMENDATIONS
1. To provide for effective marketing and advertisement of India as a
global tourist destination through promotional campaigns that project
India as a whole and not merely a combination of states.

2. Proper transportation facilities: Families in different strata need

facilities like bus, cars, and trains to approach their favorite
destinations. Major distances are covered by trains or planes.
Sufficient transport facilities exist and additional facilities can be made
for the same based on requirements. India's transportation system is
also in need of a serious overhaul. Although cars and trucks traverse
India's roads, laws for operating vehicles are widely ignored. Often the
result is pure chaos, as cars, trucks, bicycles and rickshaws drive into
opposing traffic rules and ignore traffic lights to get where they need
to go. Fatal car and truck accidents are not uncommon. For a tourist
visiting India, the experience of traveling along India's lawless
roadways can induce cardiac arrest. While India also has an extensive
railway system, due to overcrowding and poor maintenance, this
mode of transportation is not much better. Trains are frequently so
crowded that people sit on the roofs of moving trains or hang out the
windows. While a rare breed of adventurous tourist may find traveling
on India's trains exciting, the majority of tourists might find using
India's railways highly inconvenient. India needs to enforce its traffic
laws and reduce railway overcrowding so that visiting tourists will
have an easier time traveling from place to place.

3. Proper accommodation facility: While an international tourist is in

India he needs to be provided with good quality accommodation at
reasonable prices in nearby localities of tourist spots.

30
4. The educational nature of heritage sites should not be forgotten.
Theatres showing educational videos about the heritage site and its
history should be available and cost should be included in tour costs.

5. Food and restaurants: Food and restaurants are required at tourist

sites. The restaurants should be able to serve a variety of global
cuisines to suit all tastes and also have stress for local food.
Restaurants should be able to supply mineral water to the health
conscious tourist of the day.

6. Adequate and hygienic toilet, bathroom and urinal facilities are

required at heritage sites. These facilities also need maintenance and
cleanliness.

7. Primary HealthCare: Every tourist spot should be equipped with a

primary healthcare centres to provide first aid and amenities to
minimize stress and fatigue relief.

8. Handicraft and local crafts sales facilities: A tour is probably a time

when the tourist is brought close to local handicrafts and local
craftsmen. Adequate space for having shops to sell Indian handicrafts,
garments and traditional items must be provided.

9. Amusement Parks and secondary entertainment facilities: Now days

the tourists want to enjoy more and that too by spending least of their
time. This opportunity can be availed by the ministry of tourism by
building good amusement parks and shopping complexes near the
famous tourist spots. .It will not only promote tourism but also lead to
employment generation for a large number of people.

10. Bank and ATM facilities: Most tourist locations require Bank and
ATM facilities. Nationalized banks can be directed to provide ATM
facilities nearby heritage/tourist sites.

31
11. Persons performing unclean acts can be fined for such purposes.
Indian tourism department should frame surveillance and penal code
that should authorize the specific persons at respective tourist spots
to impose and collect penalties and fines from those who are
damaging the tourist spots or creating unclean environment.

12. Incentive to explore the heritage: The government of India is

recommended to design such tourism packages which cover a large
number of tourist spots at discounted prices .It will provide an
incentive to the tourists to visit more tourist places in a single visit to
India. It will help in flourishing the tourism industry.

13. Another issue with an adverse effect on India's tourism is its

widespread environmental pollution. Air quality throughout India is
notoriously bad, since there are no curbs on emissions and law
enforcement to prevent gross polluters. Most days, the air in big cities
such as Mumbai has a red tinge to it, causing watery eyes and
coughing. Respiratory infections are common, especially among
sensitive individuals or those with allergies. Additionally, air pollution
is beginning to show its effects on prominent tourist landmarks, such
as Agra's TajMahal. In recent years, toxic air has damaged the ancient
marble of the monument, jeopardizing its beauty and requiring
significant repair. Measures should therefore be initiated for strict
enforcement of provisions of Environmental Protection Act and the
latest amendments made therein.

14. As India's population grows, forests are cleared to make room for
more housing and development. The destruction of these forests
leads to a loss of habitat for many of India's famed fauna, such as
Bengal tigers, Asian elephants and Indian ring neck parrots. If India
does not make greater efforts to reduce this loss of habitat, tourists
searching for safari like encounters with the animals made famous in
Rudyard Kipling's "Jungle Book" will be out of luck. India needs to

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preserve ecotourism by protecting its forests and the animals that
inhabit them.

15. Indias government should be cognizant of the different types of

tourists that may want to visit India--ecotourists, history buffs or those
seeking meditative retreats. India should take advantage of the West's
intrigue with Indian culture, including yoga, ayurvedic medicine,
Hinduism and meditation, and market itself accordingly.

16. Improve & change the image of Kashmir valley: Germany was the
first country to change the caution notice to its citizens against
travelling to Kashmir. They also went on to state that foreigners were
not a target for militants in Indian-held Kashmir. The government
should urge other countries to change their travel advisories and
market Kashmir as an adventure tourism destination.

17. More efforts have to be laid in by the Government of India to

provide adequate safety of foreign tourists especially for the female
visitors.

18. Similar entry fees at tourist spots: It is a common practice in India

to charge much higher entry fees at major tourist spots from foreign
tourists in comparison to Indians. Although it is major revenue
generating source for the government of India still the price
discrimination if not abolished should be minimized.

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 CHAPTER 5

BIBLIOGRAPHY

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 BIBLIOGRAPHY

References: -
www.google.com
www.wikipedia.org
www.tourism.gov.in
www.unwto.org

Books Referred: -
Glimpses of tourism in India-G.D Singal, Awadh Tiwary

The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report (2013) UNWTO

world Tourism Barometer. January 2015.

Tourism : Principles, Practices, Philosophies (Hardcover)-Charles

R. Goeldner

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