ECS 426

STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS LABORATORY REPORT

TITLE : SQUARE PORTAL FRAME

DATE OF SUBMIT : 30/3/2017

GROUP : EC220-2D(1)

LECTURERS NAME : DR.ROHANA HASSAN

GROUP MEMBERS :

MUHAMMAD FIRDAUS B IN ABDUL AZIZ 2016209174

AMEERA RASHIDA BT TUKEMEN 2016209094

FATIN NURIZZATI BT MOHAMAD ANUAR 2016209194

AIN FATIN NAJIHAH BT AKMAT 2016209172

NURUL NABILA BT MOHD KHUZIL 2016209186

INTRODUCTION

The traditional methods of conducting laboratory activities will not be able to provide the
avenue for students to enhance independent learning activities and inculcate creativity and
innovation. Level 0 is fully prescriptive where problem, ways and means and answers are
provided to the students. However it still necessary especially to first and second year
students.

This chapter provides a short discussion on performing a traditional laboratory to determine a

horizontal and vertical deflection of portal frame. The objective can be accomplished by
performing several activities on a prototype portal frame available at any light structure
laboratory. Students involvement with the task required in the experimental works would be
sufficient to access the student ability to designs, conduct, analyse, interpret data and to act
effectively as an individual together with leadership capabilities.

OBJECTIVES

1. To determine the horizontal deflection of a portal frame and/or

2. To determine the vertical deflection of a portal frame.
THEORETICAL

The equations for the horizontal reaction at the pinned support A of a portal frame are given
below:

L
= -

Where:

= Wa1 ( a - 3 ) / 2EI

= 1 2 ( 21 + 33 ) / 3EI

Second moment of area,

b3
I = 12

(25) 103
= 12

= 2083.33

Modulus of Elasticity, E = 200 103 2

Therefore,

300( 300640 )
300
2 200 103 2083.33
= -W [ 3002 ( 2 300+3 640 )
]
3 200 103 2083.33

= -W (- 0.202381)

= 0.202381 W

Note : 0.202381 is the slope of theoretical

PROCEDURE
1. Place the load hanger at the position where the load is to be applied.

2. Check to make sure that the roller support is correctly positioned.

3. Zero the dial gauge reading.

4. Apply a load to the load hanger at suitable increment.

5. For each load increment observe the dial gauge reading at the roller support. Place loads on
the load hanger at the roller support so that the reading of the dial gauge is once again zero.
Record this load. It represents the horizontal force at this support, if it is in a pinned
condition, due to the applied load.

APPARATUS/EQUIPMENT:
(i) Prototype portal frame

(ii) dial gauges

(iii) set of loads

(iv) vernier scale

(v) ruler
RESULT
Width of member = 25mm

Thickness of member = 10mm

Second moment of area = 2083.33mm^4

Dial gauge reading, 1 div = 0.01mm

= = = 2083.33

Load case 1

Load, 1 Horizontal displacement of roller

Experimental Theoretical
N Div mm mm
1 -0.1 0.0 0.20
2 -0.2 0.0 0.40
3 -0.2 0.0 0.40
4 -0.3 0.0 0.06
5 -0.4 0.0 0.81
6 -0.5 0.0 0.10

Load case 2

Load, 1 Vertical displacement of roller

Experimental Theoretical
N Div mm mm
1 0.5 0.11 0.20
2 0.9 0.28 0.40
3 1.4 0.34 0.40
4 1.8 0.45 0.06
5 2.2 0.57 0.81
6 2.7 0.69 0.10
Load case 3

Load, 1 Horizontal - Vertical displacement of roller

Experimental Theoretical
N Div mm mm
2 0.4 0.11 0.40
4 0.7 0.21 0.81
6 1.1 0.34 1.21
8 1.5 0.46 1.62
10 1.9 0.58 2.02
12 2.3 0.69 2.43

Table 4

Load Horizontal Displacement Of Roller

W1+W2 Experimental

N Case 1+Case 2 Case 3

mm mm

2 0.400 0.004

4 0.700 0.007

6 1.200 0.011

8 1.500 0.015

10 1.800 0.019

12 2.200 0.023
CONCLUSION
Based on the experiment that we have conduct which is experiment of square portal frame,
we can obtained the relationship between applied load and the resulting horizontal
displacement from the graph. When the applied load increase, thus the horizontal
displacement will also increase. The result of this experiment that we get is less accurate
compare to the theoretical value. The reasons is maybe because of some error during the
experiment. There are some factors that affect the results of the experiment which is the
random error or systematic error.

REFERENCES
1. Lab manual of structural and materials, iLearn, Uitm Student Portal.
2. A Kurzenhauser, Analysis of Portal Frame under Horizontal Impact 1961:
www.calhoun.nps.edu
3. KE Knudsen, Portal Frame Test, 1952 : www.preserve.lehigh.edu