BIO/MI 494G

Fall 2016
Overview of the Immune Response

I. Definition of terms
1. Immunology
2. Immune
3. Immunity
4. Immune response
5. Immune system
6. Some other important terms
a. Antigen (immunogen)
b. Antibody
c. Leukocytes (white cells)
d. Cytokines
7. Vaccination (immunization)
8. Importance of vaccination
9. Vaccines
10. The immune system protects against four classes of pathogens

II. Types of immunity

1. Natural (innate, non-adaptive): first line of defense
a. Physical barriers
b. Soluble factors
c. Restricted repertoire of cells

2. Acquired (Specific or Adaptive)

a. Humoral immunity
b. Cell-mediated immunity

III. Lymphoid organs and cells of the immune system

1. Primary lymphoid organs
a. Bone Marrow
b. Thymus
2. Secondary lymphoid organs
a. Lymph nodes
b. Spleen
c. Mucosal associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)
d. Skin associated LT (SALT)
e. Nasopharynx (NALT)
f. Bronchi (BALT
g. Gut (GALT)

3. Cells of the immune system

a. Lymphocytes (T and B-cells)
b. Macrophages/monocytes
c. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (granulocytes)
i. Neutrophil
ii. Basophil
iii. Eosinophil
d. Mast cell
e. Dendritic cells
f. Megakaryocyte
4. Normal blood cell counts
IV. Origin of T, B-cells and other hematopoetic cells
1. Pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell
2. Lymphoid progenitor (Acquisition of immunocompetency)
a. Thymus dependent (T-cells)
b. Bone marrow dependent (B-cells)
3 .Myeloid progenitor
a. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (basophil, neutrophil and eosinophil)
b. Monocyte and macrophage
c. Dendritic cells
d. Mast cell
4. Erythroid progenitor
a. Erythoblast
b. Megakaryocyte

V. Function of cells involved in immune response

1. B-cells antibody production
a. B-cells receptor (BCR)
2. T-cells effector/inducer
a. T-cell receptor (TCR)
b. T-helper (TH1 and TH2)
c. T-cytotoxic (Tc)
d. T-regulatory (T reg)
3. Natural killer (NK) cell
4. Antigen presenting cells (Macrophages, dendritic cells ,B-cells)
5. Cytokine production by cells of the immune response
VI. Lymphocyte trafficking
VII. The antibody response
1. Immunization
2. Structure and function of antibodies
3. Primary and secondary antibody responses
4. Interaction of antibody with antigen
a. Antigenic specificity
5. Immunologic memory

VIII. Cell-mediated immune response (cell-mediated immunity)

1. Immunization
2. T-cells (T-helper and T-cytotoxic)
3. Cytokines
a. Effects on macrophages, T-cells and other cells

IX. Clonal Selection theory