Precast Concrete Wall Panel With Banana Fiber and Coconut Coir As Admixtures

University of Perpetual Help System Laguna
Sto. Nino, City of Binan, Laguna

College of Engineering and Aviation
(02) 779-5310 local 3006 / CELL #09228900917
PRECAST CONCRETE WALL PANEL WITH
BANANA FIBER AND COCOCOIR AS ADMIXTURE
A Research Study Presented to:
Faculty of Engineering and Technical-Vocational
Sto. Nio, Bian City, Laguna
In Partial Fulfilment of the Course Requirement for the Degree of
Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering
Presented by:
BASCON, Angelica F.
CORTEZ, Diane Mae D.
RIMPOS, John PaulA.
SAMANIEGO, Jan Kenneth C.
SIAGA, Angeline V.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to express the deepest appreciation to our professor Engr. Catherine S.
Hernandez for her constant guidance and encouragement, without which this research would not
have been possible. For their unwavering support, we are truly grateful. We would also like to
thank Pilipinas Eco Fiber Corporation for providing the coconut fiber, Marsman Agrarian
Reform Beneficiaries Multipurpose Cooperative for the banana fiber, and Pozzolanic Philippines
Inc. for mixing and testing the concrete.
Our extended appreciation to our panelists, Engr. Ida Mandawe, Engr. Mark Anthony
Muoz, and Engr. Teresita Gonzales for helping us fulfil the inadequate information needed for
our research paper.
Above all, we would like to send or deepest gratitude to God, who made this work
possible, who blessed us with knowledge and courage to finish what we have started despite all
the challenges. We would also like to thank our family and friends who are always there to
support us in every step we take in achieving our goals.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
Title Page 1
Approval Sheet -
Editors Certificate -
Acknowledgement 2
Table of Contents 3
List of Tables 5
List of Figures 5
CHAPTER 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING
Introduction 6
Background of the Study 7
Theoretical/Conceptual Framework 8
Statement of the Problem 9
Objective of the Study 9
Significance of the Study 9
Scope and Delimitation 10
Definition of Terms 11
CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND

STUDIES
Related Literature 13
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Related Studies 20
Synthesis of the Study 35
CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Design 36
Sources of Data 36
Block Diagram 37
Schematic Diagram 38
Data Gathering Procedure 38
CHAPTER 4 PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND

INTERPRETATION OF DATA
Results 41
Technical Study 45
Operational Study 45
CHAPTER 5 SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND

RECOMMENDATIONS
Conclusion 46
Recommendation 46
REFERENCES 48
APPENDICES -
CURRICULUM VITAE -
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LIST OF TABLES
TABLE PAGE
4.1 41
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE PAGE
1.1 8
1.2 8
3.1 37
3.2 38
4.1 42
4.2 42
4.3 44
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CHAPTER I
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
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CHAPTER I
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
1.1 Introduction
Nowadays, many researches are made on the natural fibers which are easily available in
large quantity and are very cheap. Annually, the worldwide consumption of fibers used in
concrete is 300,000 tons. Among this natural fiber which can be used for construction purpose is
banana fiber and coconut coir. Normally, in convectional reinforced concrete we use steel bars
which increase the weight as well as the cost of the concrete which cannot be easily affordable to
all rulers as well as urban civilians.
Shrinkage cracking in concrete can be reduced by adding fibers into the concrete mix.
The purpose of fibers is to connect the cracks that arise in concrete and resist deformation under
tensile stress. It also reduces plastic shrinkage cracking and drying shrinkage cracking. The fiber
increases the toughness property of concrete. Toughness is the ability of a material to resist a
fracture under stress.
Here in the Philippines, many researchers are still studying on the improvement of
technology of concrete. Philippines is rich in natural resources whether its from water or land
and it has become the source of livelihood of some Filipinos. Philippines has plantations of
different woods, plants, and vegetables. On the other hand, these livelihoods are the cause of the
increasing capacity of wastes generated every year, for example is the residue of the harvested
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crops. Since the Philippines is one of the countries that use concrete in constructions, these
residues may be useful in many ways.
1.2 Background of the Study
Concrete has high compressive strength, but has lower tensile strength. Concrete is
usually reinforced with materials that are strong in tension. Concrete which is subjected to long
duration forces is prone to creep.
Since concrete is a hard material but is breakable, reinforcing the concrete by adding steel
has been used as a solution to overcome this problem. Steel reinforcement carries all the tensile
forces. But using steel may cause another problem, over time, steel corrodes. In spite of the fact
that there are ways to reduce the corrosion of steel, it is advisable and recommended that we use
environmental friendly materials such as fibers.
Many different types of fibers such as banana fiber and coconut fiber as admixtures both
artificial and natural, have been incorporated into the concrete mixture. The choice of fibers may
vary from synthetic organic materials such as polypropylene or carbon, synthetic inorganic such
as steel or glass, natural organic such as cellulose or sisal to natural inorganic asbestos.
Currently, the commercial products available in the market are reinforced with steel, glass,
polyester, and polypropylene fibers. The selection of the type of fibers is guided by the
properties of the fibers such as diameter, specific gravity, modulus of elasticity, tensile strength
and many more and the extent of these fibers affect the properties of the cement matrix.
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In different countries, they were studying of the different natural fibers available in their
country to incorporate in the concrete mixture. However, naturally occurring fibers may not
replace the steel and other fibers as reinforcement, but it can be added into the concrete mixture
to increase the ability of the concrete to crack.
1.3 Theoretical Framework
The theoretical framework of this study, concrete will be reinforced by adding coconut
coir and banana fiber to increase the compressive strength of the concrete. (Fig. 1.1)
Concrete Wall Coconut Coir and Increase in

Panel Banana Fiber Compressive
Strength
1.4 Conceptual Framework
The concept of this study is to reinforce a concrete mixture by adding coconut coir and
banana fiber as admixtures. (Fig. 1.2)
Coconut Coir and Banana Increase in Compressive

Fiber as Admixtures to Strength
Concrete
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1.5 Statement of the Problem
The main problem of the study is to determine if the addition of banana fibers and
coconut coir can enhance the strength and engineering properties of the concrete. The researchers
aim to answer the following questions:
How do the coconut coir and the banana fiber affect the strength of the concrete?
What ratio of coconut coir and banana fiber will be added to the concrete mixture that
will increase the compressive strength of the concrete?
Is there any difference between the strength of the ordinary concrete mix and the fiber
reinforced concrete mix?
1.6 Objective of the Study
The objective of this research is to experiment on the use of banana fibers and coconut coir
as an enhancement of concrete.The purpose of the study are the following:
To be able to identify the effects of the coconut coir and banana fiber admixtures on the
engineering properties of concrete.
To determine the percentage of coconut coir and banana fiber admixtures which gives the
maximum strength when compared to the ordinary mixture.
1.7 Significance of the Study
This study will provide knowledge or records that can be useful in the development and
innovation of new technology in the future field of Civil Engineering.
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This will provide necessary information that students of Civil Engineering can be used in
their future research. This will also encourage others to study other alternative materials
that can be used in construction.
To the government agencies that they may utilize different source of admixtures in their
infrastructures mainly in their concrete buildings, highways and bridges.
To the businessmen and entrepreneurs that they may use this research to the construction
industry.
To the local government units that may generate livelihood and more jobs since this
research needs to extract the natural fibers manually.
1.8 Scope and Delimitation
The focus of this research is to study the possibility of using banana fiber and coconut
coir as admixture to improve the concretes strength and durability. It aims to determine the
compressive strength of the concrete containing natural fibers and evaluate if there is a
significant effect in the concrete mixture.
In this study, three different percentages of banana fibers and coconut fibers are added in
a concrete mix. The banana fiber and coconut fiber reinforced concrete are tested for
compressive strength only. However, the maximum flexural strength of the fibers can be
obtained 15% of their compressive strength based on the ACI Manual of Concrete Practice 2004
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and ACI 104-71 (97) to ACI 223-98. Two samples were made for each design mix and are tested
after 28 days.
1.9 Definition of Terms
Admixture - a thing or ingredient added in mixing
Banana Fiber - a ligno-cellulosic fiber, obtained from the

pseudo-stem of banana plant.
- obtained from the stem of banana plant that
is extracted with the use of a machine.
Coco Coir - fiber from the outer husk of the coconut

used in making ropes and mattings.
Compressive Strength - a compression test which determines the

behaviour of the materials under rushing
loads.
- the capacity of a material to resist loads
tending to decrease size.
Concrete - a very hard building material made by

mixing together cement, sand, small
stones, and water.
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- a solid material
Precast - Concrete that is cast in the form of a

structural element (such as a panel or
beam) before being placed in final
position.
Wall Panel - is single piece of material, usually flat

and cut into a rectangular shape, that
serves as the visible and exposed
covering for a wall.
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CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
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CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURES AND STUDIES
This chapter includes discussions on related literatures and related studies about using
admixtures in the concrete mix done by the researchers.
2.1 Related Literature
Common Fibers Used as Admixture
Polypropylene Fiber
Plastic concrete is prone to have cracks caused by shrinkage under dry and windy
conditions. Addition of fibers was proven to reduce the crack to yield. This study assessedthe
strength, plastic shrinkage and permeability of concrete incorporating polypropylene fiber in
various proportions (viz. 0.10%, 0.15%, 0.2%, 0.25% and 0.3%) by volume of concrete. The
experimental result with inclusion of 0.10.3% fiber in concrete showed that the crack width was
reduced down to 1 mm and the trend was continued with the addition of more fibers. However,
results indicated that with the addition of polypropylene fiber both water and gas permeability
coefficient increased. Therefore, it is concluded that the fiber reinforced concrete would work
better for plastic shrinkage susceptible structural elements (flat elements such as slab); however,
it requires careful judgement when applied to a water retaining structure. (Sadiqul Islam &
Gupta, 2016)
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Coconut Fiber
Since high cost is the dominating factor of convectional construction material affecting
housing system, a study conducted by Agrawal et al. dealt with creating an alternative method to
overcome the decreasing of the strength of a building. The paper discussed possible alternative
materials that decreased the cost of construction without compromising the strength of concrete.
It discussed how the coconut fiber, a natural fiber, increased the strength of concrete versus using
convectional fiber. Several tests were conducted to take the compressive and tensile strength
capacity, and it showed that the compressive and tensile strength of concrete increases with
curing age but decreases with increase in quantity of coconut fiber present in the sample. The
optimum tensile strength obtained was 3.0 MPa. This research was carried out to suggest coconut
fiber as good and safe construction material.
Banana Fiber Ash
Concrete is one of the materials widely used in construction all around the world because
of its durability, energy-efficiency, low maintenance, affordability, fire-resistance, excellent
thermal mass and versatility. This research (Aqilah&Abd, 2014) was conducted to determine the
optimum temperature and strength of concrete to produce good cementitious material by using
banana fiber ash. In this study, compressive strength test was executed to know the strength of
concrete with three different temperatures. All these samples were cured for 7 days, 14 days and
28 days using water curing method. 2% of banana fiber ash was replaced with cement by weight.
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The result analysis showed that the highest temperature obtained in this research was by burned
banana ash by 500C, while the lowest temperature was 600C when the concrete was curing for
28 days. The lowest the temperature the higher the strength of concrete can be obtained.
Glass Fiber
The development of concrete has brought about the essential need for additives both
chemical and mineral in improving the performance of concrete. Different kinds of admixtures
like fly ash, coconut fiber have been used in past several studies. The main objective of the study
is to study the effect of glass fiber in the concrete. Glass fibershows high tensile strength and fire
resistant properties capable of reducing the damage during fire accidents. The addition of these
fibers into concrete dramatically increase the compressive strength, tensile strength and split
tensile strength of the concrete. In this study, tests have done for the concrete with glass fibre of
0.5%, 1%, 2% and 3% of cement by adding as an admixture. (Chaitanya, Abhilash, Khan,
Manikanta, & Taraka, 2016)
Banana Fibers
Using locally available materials in building construction is an effective way of
promoting sustainable development in both urban and rural areas. This study suggested the use
of Green-Compressed Earth Block (GCEB), a CEB with the usual ingredients plus the Banana
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fibers. Banana fibers are considered environmental friendly and showed important attributes,
such as low density, light weight, low cost, high tensile strength, as well as being water and fire
resistant. This study focused on the use of banana fiber and its effect on the compressive and
flexural strength in CEB. The results highlighted the general trends in the strength properties of
different soil mixes for CEBs. These efforts are necessary to ensure that GCEB technology
becomes more widely accepted in the world of building materials and is considered a reliable
option for providing low-cost housing.(Mostafa & Uddin, 2015)
Based from an article written by Rakesh Kumar, VeenaChoudhary, Saroj Mishra and Ik
Varma (2008)about banana fiber-reinforced biodegradable soy protein composites, a waste
product of banana cultivation has been used to prepare banana fiber reinforced soy protein
composites. Alkali modified banana fibers were characterized in terms of density, denier and
crystallinity index. Soy protein composites were prepared by incorporating different volume
fractions of alkali-treatedand untreated fibers into soy protein isolate (SPI) with different
amounts of glycerol (25%50%) as plasticizer. Composites prepared were characterized in terms
of mechanical properties, SEM and water resistance. The results indicated that at 0.3 volume
fraction, tensile strength and modulus of alkali treated fiber reinforced soy protein composites
increased to 82% and 963%, respectively, compared to soy protein film without fibers. Water
resistance of the composites increased significantly with the addition of glutaraldehyde which
acts as cross-linking agent. Biodegradability of the composites has also been tested in the
contaminated environment and the composites were found to be 100% biodegradable.
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Steel Fibers
This study inquired about the toll on flexural strength and cracking of ferrocement simply
supported panels reinforced with steel fiber and wire mesh when it comes to replacement of
cement partially with silica fume. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the 28-day
flexural strength of simply supported panels by laboratory center point flexural tests. The number
of cracks developed at failure was also considered when taking the measurements of average
crack width and crack spacing. It was further discovered that for a 15% cement replacement with
silica fume and 4% steel fiber addition in mortar mix, approximately 3.6-fold increase in 28-day
flexural strength was observed when compared to the conventional mortar. In summary,
inclusion of 4% steel fibers in a mortar of fabricated ferrocement panel improved the crack
resistance and flexural capacity. (Mousavi, 2017)
According to the study made by N. Shireesha, S. BalaMurugan, and G. Nagesh Kumar
(2013), the addition of steel fiber into concrete creates low workable or inadequate workability to
the concrete. Therefore, to solve this problem super-plasticizer is added, without affecting other
properties of concrete. Steel Fiber in concrete improves ductility and its load-carrying capacity.
The mechanical properties of steel fiber reinforced concrete are much improved by the use of
hooked fibers than straight fibers.
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Hair Fiber
Fibers are usually used in concrete to control plastic and dry shrinkage cracking and also
to lower the permeability of concrete. It also reduces greater impact, abrasions and shatter
resistances in concrete. It is an effective method when it comes to construction of light weight
seismic resistant structures. Human hair is strong in tension which make it suitable as a fiber
reinforcement material. Hair Fiber (HF), an alternate non-degradable matter, is available in
abundance and inexpensive. Present studies hadstudied the effect of human hair on plain cement
concrete on the basis of compressive, crushing, flexural strength and cracking control to
economize concrete and to reduce environmental problems.
Coconut Fiber
This research discussed the potential use of coconut fiber as an enhancement of concrete.
Some engineering properties of the concrete such as torsion, toughness and tensile strength
significantly improved when coconut fiber was added. However, the addition of fibers negatively
affected the compressive strength. When coconut fiber was added to plain concrete, the torsional
strength increased (by up to about 25%) as well as the energy-absorbing capacity, but there is an
optimum weight fraction (0.5% by weight of cement) beyond which the torsional strength started
to decrease again. In summary, the study has demonstrated that adding coconut fiber to concrete
results to refinement of concrete toughness torsion and the tensile stress.(Yalley & Kwan, 2009)
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However, some studies (Hasanet al., 2012; Adeyemi, 1998) stated the one mix ratio
(1:2:4) the suitability of coconut fiber as substitute for either fine or coarse aggregate in concrete
production. It was examined that the coconut fibers were more suitable as low strength-giving
lightweight aggregate when used to replace common coarse aggregate in concrete production.
Coconut fiber is a hard stony endocarp but lightweight and naturally sized. Due to the stiff
surfaces of organic origin, it will not contaminate or leach to produce toxic substances once they
bound in the concrete matrix. Also, coconut fibers are lighter than the conventional coarse
aggregate so the resulting concrete will be lightweight. Therefore, it is appropriateto be a good
replacement of coarse aggregate in terms of producing structural concrete in the construction
industry.
Precast Concrete Wall Panel
This paper presented by Mohamad et al., tackled the structural behavior of precast
lightweight foam concrete sandwich panel (PFLP) under flexure, studied experimentally and
theoretically, where they casted out and tested four full scale specimens with a double shear steel
connector of 6mm diameter and steel reinforcement of 9mm diameter. The panels structural
behavior was studied considering its ultimate flexure load, crack pattern, load-deflection profile,
and efficiency of shear connectors. Results showed that the ultimate flexure load obtained from
the experiment was influenced by the panels compressive strength and thickness. The crack
pattern recorded in each panel exhibited the occurrence of cracks at the midspan which later
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spread toward the left and right zones of the slab. The theoretical ultimate load for fully
composite and non-composite panels was obtained from the classical equations. All panel
specimens were found to behave in a partially composite manner.
2.2 Related Studies
Palm oil fiber as additive in concrete by MagendranSubramani (2007)
Several researches were conducted (Subramani, 2007) to distinguish the effects of palm
oil fiber addition on workability, density, compressive and flexural strength in the concrete mix
design of constant water-cement ratio. The mixes were prepared with fiber-cement ratio of
0.25% and 0.50% and the mix design was done based on the DOE Method.Workability of palm
oil fiber added to concrete mix decreases with the increase of fiber content in the concrete mix.
The study on palm oil fiber shows that adding palm oil fiber to concrete increases the
compressive and flexural strength of concrete after 28 days. Even though adding fiber
contributes to strength increase, the strength does not increase with the increasing fiber content
(percentage). In other words, the increase in strength is based on the amount of fiber content.
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Ultimate compressive and tensile strength of fiber-reinforced concrete containing Coconut
Fibers by Labadan (2001)
Labadan (2001), in his study entitled Ultimate compressive and tensile strength of fiber-
reinforced concrete containing Coconut Fibers tested a fiber reinforced concrete cylinder with
fiber lengths 3cm, 6cm, and 12cm in different percentages of fiber (0.25%, 0.50%, 1.0%) by
weight of plain concrete prepared in 18 batches. He included that a 0.25% fiber by weight of
plain concrete with a length of 6cm gave a good result in splitting tensile strength but no
significant results on compressive strength. He also concluded that the higher tensile strength
could be obtained by immersing the fibers in a cement solution for four hours before mixing
them with concrete.
According to Santha (1999), coconut fibers are good materials for soil erosion and
sedimentation control especially in environmentally-sensitive agricultural areas. This is due to
the low decomposition rate of coconut fibers. In his study coir rolls were used as a stabilization
of riverbanks. This is an innovative fabric-encapsulated technique in stabilization.
Previous studies and investigation of the use of natural fibers as reinforcement to cement
composites showed positive results. Coconut fibers use as reinforcement to cement composite
board satisfies ASTM specifications.
This research describes experimental studies on the use of coconut fiber and banana fiber
to enhance the strength and applications of concrete. These natural fibers have excellent physical
and mechanical properties and can be utilized more effectively. Thus it acts as a natural
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admixture giving additional properties to the ordinary cement concrete. The coconut fiber and
banana fiber reinforced concrete were tested for compressive strength, splitting tensile strength,
flexural strength at different ages. (Gowri and Mary, 2016)
Experimental studies on Fiber Reinforced Concrete (FRC) by R. Gowri and M. Angeline
Mary (2016),
Another study named Experimental Studies on Coconut fiber and Banana Fiber
Reinforced Concrete, International Journal of Modern Trends in Engineering and Science. A
concrete consist of a hydraulic cement, water aggregate and fiber reinforced concrete. There are
types of fibers like coconut fiber, banana fiber, steel fiber, glass fiber, natural fiber and many
more. The role of a fiber is to reduce shrinkage cracking, increase the ductility of concrete
elements and increase more resistance to the impact load. Coconut and Banana fiber reinforced
concrete has been used in the application of making roof tiles, corrugated sheets and storage
tanks. (Chako et al, 2016)
Coconut Fiber in Concrete to Enhance its Strength and making Lightweight Concrete
by Agrawal, A. R., Dhase, S. S., & Agrawal, K. S. (2014).
The dominating factor of convectional construction material which is affecting the housing
system is the high cost. To overcome this drawback, researchers look for any alternating
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materials which will decrease the cost and increase the strength of the concrete. Coconut fiberis a
natural fiber makes no effect on environment and also increases the strength of concrete compare
to use of convectional fiber.Concrete cylinders of dimension 150mm300mm were cast to take
the compressive as well astensile strength test. Coconut-fiber addition in the concrete increases
the many properties of the concrete such as torsion, toughness and notably tensile strength which
is the main properties of the concrete.Due to the uniform diameter property of the coconut fiber
there will be uniform distribution of the reinforcement throughout in the concrete which decrease
the voids and make the concrete more tough.The use of coconut fiber as reinforcement in the
concrete decreases the application of steel nearby 2% which is affordable with respect to the
simply steel reinforced concrete and also increase the strength of the concrete. Though these
fiber will not give the required strength, it can be used to reinforce the non-structural
components. Coconut fiber to be used in the concrete will be available priceless or of negligible
price which makes the concrete economical.
Mechanical and dynamic properties of coconut fibre reinforced concrete by Ali, M., Liu,
A., Sou, H., & Chouw, N. (2012).
Coconut fiber has the highest toughness amongst natural fibers and is likely used as
reinforcement in low-cost concrete structures, especially in tropical earthquake regions. For this
purpose, the mechanical and dynamic properties of coconut fiber reinforced concrete (CFRC)
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members need to be well understood. In this work, in addition to mechanical properties, damping
ratio and fundamental frequency of simply supported CFRC beams are determined
experimentally. A comparison between the static and dynamic moduli is conducted. The
influence of 1%, 2%, 3% and 5% fibre contents by mass of cement and fibre lengths of 2.5, 5
and 7.5 cm is investigated. To evaluate the effect of coconut fibres in improving the properties of
concrete, the properties of plain concrete are used as a reference. Damping of CFRC beams
increases while their fundamental frequency decreases with structural damage. CFRC with
higher fiber content has a higher damping but lower dynamic and static modulus of elasticity. It
is found that CFRC with a fiber length of 5 cm and a fiber content of 5% has the best properties.
A Comparative Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Block to the Traditional Concrete
Hollow Block Wall Construction by Almacen, A. J. L., & Cruz, E. G. D. (2015).
Reinforced Concrete block or RC block is made of concrete, pre-cast wall panels with pre-
designed sections and surface and is recommended as an alternative material for concrete hollow
blocks. It can be used for exterior and interior walls, retaining walls, fences, parapet walls,
machine rooms and wet areas like the swimming pool, creek and open drainage. The main
objective of the study is to make a comparative analysis between the utilization of Reinforced
Concrete block and the traditional Concrete Hollow block in masonry wall construction and
prove that RC block is a more economical, stronger and more resilient, and time efficient
building material than concrete hollow block. Cost estimation, compressive testing, time
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recording, and actual construction of a 6 x 6.5 ft. CHB and RCB wall were the methods used to
gather data. In the cost analysis, the computed total cost of constructing painted CHB wall is
P7246 and in constructing a painted RCB wall is P6682. The compressive strength of a
reinforced concrete block unit is 2500 psi compared to only 420 psi of a single concrete hollow
block. The total time elapsed in constructing a plastered CHB wall within two days is 6.634
hours while in constructing a painted RCB wall it is only 5.65 hours. If the cost analysis is up to
the finishing works, the use of reinforced concrete hollow block is more economical than using
concrete hollow block. Since the compressive strength of RCB is greater than that of CHB,
therefore, a reinforced concrete block unit is stronger and more resilient than a concrete hollow
block. Lastly, based on the fastest time recorded in completion of RCB wall than that of CHB
wall, it can be concluded that the use of reinforced concrete blocks in construction will save
more time than using concrete hollow blocks. Therefore, reinforced concrete block is a more
time efficient material than concrete hollow block.
Experimental Study on Concrete Using Fly Ash and Coconut by Ash, F. (2017).
Fly-ash is the by-product of thermal power plantwhich is available in large quantity in fine
and course form.Fine Fly ash can be used as a binding material in concrete inthe place of cement
due to itsPozzolanaproperty. The workability test, compressive and tensilestrength tests were
examined at the 7th, 14th and 28th day of curing. 5% and 10%replacement of cement with fly
ash gives better result and byreplacing 15% of fly ash, the strength decreases. 10% of fly ash
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replaced with cement with 0.25% of coconut coir fiber gives the best result for both compression
and tension. Therefore, the use of coconut coir and fly ash can reduce the cost of construction as
well as the environmental issues.
Experimental Studies on Coconut Fibre and Banana Fibre Reinforced Concrete by
Compendex, S., Elsevier, G., Services-usa, G. I., & Nadu, T. (2016).
This research describes experimental studies on the use of coconut fiber and banana fiber to
enhance the strength and applications of concrete. The findings of experimental investigations
proved that the addition of coconut-fibers and banana fibers significantly improved many of the
engineering properties of the concrete notably compressive strength, tensile strength and flexural
strength. The ability to resist cracking and spalling were also enhanced. However, the addition of
fibers poorly affected the compressive strength, as expected, due to difficulties in compaction
which consequently led to increase of voids.In this context six different percentages of coconut
fibers and banana fibers (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30%) having 40mm length were used.
M20 concrete with 0.5 WC and Ordinary Portland cement of grade 43 was used. The test result
showed that 0.10% of coconut and banana fiber gives the best result for both compression and
tension.
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A Study on the Economic Benefit of Using Lightweight Precast Hollow Core Wall on
Socialized Housing by Evaristo, T. J. S. (2013).
This research provided a comparative analysis in using a Precast Hollow Core Wall Panel
and a Concrete Hollow Block as wall systems. It evaluated the two aforementioned wall systems
for the National Housing Authoritys socialized housing projects in terms of economic benefits,
cost-efficiency, and duration of construction period. The researchers proved that the design of a
lightweight precast hollow core wall as a wall system for socialized housing is more cost and
time-efficient.
The study innovated and improved the methods of construction in housing for NHA through
the use of an Ecowall Panel instead of conventional CHB wall. The ecowall panel proved to be
more cost and time-efficient. The data showed that using Ecowall panels for existing NHA
project is more efficient in terms of materials, costs and labour compared to a conventional CHB
wall.
There is a substantial decrease in the time and cost without affecting quality, thus improving
the method of construction when Ecowall is applied as the wall system compared to the
conventional CHB wall. Through the use of a Precast Hollow Core Wall as an alternative, the
researchers were able to apply value engineering by innovating a part of construction
maintaining all functions but reducing cost. Lastly, the researchers used the NSCP (Section 7-
Masonry) and the DATEM data as the basis for the design and proved that the Ecowall system
conformed to Building Code standards and is thus considered safe.
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Properties of natural fiber cement materials containing coconut coir and oil palm fibers
for residential building applications by Lertwattanaruk, P., & Suntijitto, A. (2015).
This article presents an investigation of the properties of natural fiber based composite
building materials that is applicable for hot and humid climatic regions. These materials were
made of cement mortar containing coconut coir fiber and oil palm fiber, both waste products
from agricultural manufacturing in Thailand and are intended to be used as roof sheet and siding
to reduce heat transfer through buildings and energy conservation. The investigation focused
mainly on the effects of both cellulose fibers on the physical, mechanical and thermal properties
of products. Test results showed that increasing the percentage replacement of natural fibers
tends to reduce the density, compressive strength and flexural strength of the materials. Fiber
cement products mixed with coconut fiber yielded lower density than that of oil palm fiber. The
mixtures of fiber cement products containing up to 15% of both natural fibers by weight of
binder yielded the acceptable physical and mechanical properties. Furthermore, the thermal
conductivity of the natural fiber cement sheets was 60% less than that of the control specimen.
The results of this research can be used as a guideline for using agricultural residues to develop
fiber cement products for residential building applications.
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Effect of Fine Sugarcane Bagasse and Ash as a Concrete Admixture in Enhancing the
Setting-Time and Compressive Strength of Concrete by Louise Clemente, J., Alfonso
Dyquiangco, G., & Roman Gobway, D. (2014)
The researchers aimed to produce an admixture that would enhance the setting time
andcompressive strength of concrete with the use of Bagasse Fiber and Ash. Both materials are
waste products from sugar production. Based on existing studies, the Bagasse when added to
concrete has the potential to increase the setting time while the ash increases its
compressivestrength. Based on the results, it was found out that mixing these bagasse
components withconcrete produces an optimum compressive strength at 28th day by addition of
1.25% Bagasse Fibers and 25% Ash. For the setting time, addition of ratio 1.50% Bagasse: 25%
Ash and 1% Bagasse: 25% Ash gives the optimum initial setting time of concrete. Addition of
1.75% Bagasse Fibers and 25% Ash gives the optimum final setting time.The researchers also
found out that too much addition of bagasse components resulted to soil-like composition, thus it
has weak compressive strength. However, addition of minimalamount of these bagasse
components could improve the compressive strength and setting time of concrete. Thus, bagasse
components could be an admixture to concrete which is a sustainable material and could help
decrease the waste products produced by sugar cane production.
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Performance Using Bamboo Fiber Ash Concrete as Admixture Adding Superplasticizer
by Vasudevan, G. (2017).
This research investigates the mechanical and physical properties of bamboo fiber powder
in a blended Portland cement. The structural value of the bamboo fiber powder in a blended
Portland cement was evaluated with consideration for its suitability in concrete. Varied
percentage of bamboo fiber powder (BFP) at 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% as an admixture in
1:2:4 concrete mixes. The workability of the mix was determined through slump; standard
consistency test was carried on the cement. Compressive strength of hardened cured (150 x 150 x
150) mm concrete cubes at 7days, 14days and 28days were tested.
From the results obtained from the laboratory test, the effect of bamboo ash powder in
concrete mix does not give an optimal result and also weak in the workability. The reason is that
the bamboo ash powder can increase the water absorption therefore reduces the workability of
the concrete. From the result of the slump test and compaction factor test, the conclusion was
made that the more the bamboo ash powder as substitute to the fresh concrete, the lower the
workability of the concrete.
Coconut Fibre as Enhancement of Concrete byYalley, P. ., & Kwan, A. S. . (2009).
This research describes experimental studies on the use of coconut fiber as enhancement of
concrete. The addition of coconut-fibers significantly improved many of the engineering
properties of the concrete, notably torsion, toughness and tensile strength. The ability to resist
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cracking and spalling were also enhanced. However, the addition of fibers adversely affected the
compressive strength. When coconut fiber was added to plain concrete, the torsional strength
increased (by up to about 25%) as well as the energy-absorbing capacity, but there is an optimum
weight fraction (0.5% by weight of cement) beyond which the torsional strength started to
decrease again. Similar results were also obtained for different fiber aspect ratios, where again
results showed there was an optimum aspect ratio (125). An increase in fiber weight fraction
provided a consistent increase in ductility up to the optimum content (0.5%) with corresponding
fiber aspect ratio of 125. Overall the study has demonstrated that addition of coconut fiber to
concrete leads to improvement of concrete the toughness torsion and the tensile stress. Despite
its excellent properties, coconut fiber as an enhancement of concrete is unlikely to replace steel
for the vast majority of structures.High water absorption of natural fiber causes unstable volume
and low cohesion between fiber and matrix and decomposes rapidly in the alkaline environment
of cement and concrete. However, further work is required to assess the long term durability of
concrete enhanced with coconut fibers.
Studies of Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete Composites by Chawla, K., & Tekwani, B.
(2013)
Plain concrete possess very low tensile strength, limited ductility and little resistance to
cracking. Internal micro cracks are inherently present in concrete and its poor tensile strength is
due to propagation of such micro cracks. Fibers when added in certain percentage in the concrete
improve the strain properties well as crack resistance, ductility, as flexure strength, and
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toughness. In recent times, glass fibers have also become available, which are free from
corrosion problem associated with steel fibers. The paper outlines the experimental investigation
on the use of glass fibers with structural concrete. Cem-fill anti crack, high dispersion, alkali
resistance glass fiber of diameter 14 micron, having an aspect ratio 857 was employed in
percentages, varying from 0.33 to 1 percentage by weight in concrete and the properties of this
Fiber Reinforced Concrete (FRC) like compressive strength, flexural strength, toughness,
modulus of elasticity were studied. Results showed that the addition of glass fiber in reinforced
concrete increases the toughness by1157%compared with conventional reinforced concrete. The
value of toughness observed maximum 272.4 KN-mm whenusing fiber content 0.67% and
1.25% steel (12 mm reinforcement bar).
Palm oil fiber as additive in concrete by MagendranSubramani (2007)
This research was carried out to establish the effects of palm oil fiber addition on
workability, density, compressive and flexural strength in the concrete mix design of constant
water-cement ratio. The mixes were prepared with fiber-cement ratio of 0.25% and 0.50% and
the mix design was done based on the DOE Method.
The sizes of the specimen tested were 150mm x 150mm x 150mm cubes for compressive
and 100mm x 100mm x 500mm rectangular beams for flexural strength. Specimens were cured
in water for 28 days before testing them. Workability of palm oil fiber added to concreter mix
decreases with the increase of fiber content in the concrete mix. The results from density test also
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demonstrated that the fiber content increases the density of concrete when 0.25% fiber is added,
but the density decreases when 0.50% fiber is added to the concrete. The study on palm oil fiber
shows that adding palm oil fiber to concrete increases the compressive and flexural strength of
concrete after 28 days. Even though adding fiber contributes to strength increase, but the strength
does not increase with the increasing fiber content (percentage). In other words, the increase in
strength is only up to certain amount of fiber content.
Ultimate compressive and tensile strength of fiber-reinforced concrete containing Coconut
Fibers by Labadan (2001)
Labadan (2001), in his study entitled Ultimate compressive and tensile strength of fiber-
reinforced concrete containing Coconut Fibers tested a fiber reinforced concrete cylinder with
fiber lengths 3cm, 6cm, and 12cm in different percentages of fiber (0.25%, 0.50%, 1.0%) by
weight of plain concrete prepared in 18 batches. He included that a 0.25% fiber by weight of
plain concrete with a length of 6cm gave a good result in splitting tensile strength but no
significant results on compressive strength. He also concluded that the higher tensile strength
could be obtained by immersing the fibers in a cement solution for four hours before mixing
them with concrete.
According to Santha (1999), coconut fibers are good materials for soil erosion and
sedimentation control especially in environmentally-sensitive agricultural areas. This is due to
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the low decomposition rate of coconut fibers. In his study coir rolls were used as a stabilization
of riverbanks. This is an innovative fabric-encapsulated technique in stabilization.
Previous studies and investigation of the use of natural fibers as reinforcement to cement
composites showed positive results. Coconut fibers use as reinforcement to cement composite
board satisfies ASTM specifications.
Experimental studies on Fiber Reinforced Concrete (FRC) byR.Gowri and
M.AngelineMary (2016),
This research describes experimental studies on the use of coconut fibre and banana fibre
to enhance the strength and applications of concrete. These natural fibres have excellent physical
and mechanical properties and can be utilized more effectively. They are economical (zero cost),
with no chemicals. The addition of coconut-fibres and banana fibres significantly improved
many of the engineering properties of the concrete notably compressive strength, tensile strength
and flexural strength. The ability to resist cracking and spalling were also enhanced. Thus it acts
as a natural admixture giving additional properties to the ordinary cement concrete. In this
context six different percentages of coconut fibres and banana fibres (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%
and 30%) having 40mm length were used. M20 concrete and Ordinary Portland cement of grade
43 was used. The coconut fibre and banana fibre reinforced concrete are tested for compressive
strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength at different ages.
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Another study made by Chacko, Raphael &Hema, S, (2016); Experimental Studies on
Coconut fiber and Banana Fiber Reinforced Concrete, International Journal of Modern Trends in
Engineering and Science. A concrete consist of a hydraulic cement, water aggregate and fiber
reinforced concrete. There are types of fibers like coconut fiber banana fiber, steel fiber, glass
fiber, natural fiber and many more. The role of a fiber is to reduce shrinkage cracking, increase
the ductility of a concrete elements and increase more resistance to the impact load. Coconut and
Banana fiber reinforced concrete has been used in the application of making roof tiles,
corrugated sheets and storage tanks.
SYNTHESIS OF THE STUDY
The studies Experimental Studies on Coconut Fibre and Banana Fibre Reinforced
Concrete (2016); made by Raphael Chacko, S Hema, and M Vadivel, concluded that the addition
of coconut fibers and banana fibers significantly improved many of the engineering properties of
the concrete, especially compression, tensile strength, and the ability to resist cracking and
spalling. However, the addition of fibers poorly affected the compressive strength, as expected,
due to difficulties in compaction which consequently led to increase of voids. Despite its
excellent properties, coconut fiber and banana fiber as an enhancement of concrete is unlikely to
replace steel for the vast majority of structures.
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CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
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CHAPTER 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Design
The researchers will employ an experimental method which is the most practiced design.
It is defined as Observation under controlled conditions where in the subjects will be exposed
in the same situations to see different results or reactions. The study will focus on the effect of a
certain independent variable employed on a dependent variable. In this experimental method the
independent variable will be the coconut fibers and banana fibers as an admixture for they will
hypothetically change the output of the concrete when as its value also changed. On the other
hand the dependent variable will be the strength of concrete wall panel.
3.2 Sources of Data
Internet is the most functional source in the study as it can give all the information
needed by the proponents. Internet is a global network connecting millions of computers that are
linked together for the exchanging of data.
Articles are published data in newspapers or magazines where in you can find
information related for the research.
Experiment is a test performed in a laboratory for an observation to determine if the trial
conducted reached the expectations of the proponents.
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3.3 Block Diagram (Fig. 3.1)

The Researchers
established the idea of
increasing the strength
of an ordinary concrete
The researchers considered developing a

pre-cast concrete wall panel with coco
coir & banana fiber
Will it be more
effective than
that of the
ordinary mix?
The researchers will

advanced to the gathering
of information about the
topic
The researchers will have to see other
factors that affected the strength and
efficiency of the precast concrete wall Quoting the materials that will be
panel with coco coir & banana fiber used for the model of ordinary and
precast concrete wall panel with
coco coir & banana fiber
Experiment and
evaluation of data
Writing of document
The researcher will

move on in defending
the study
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3.4 Schematic Diagram
Schematic diagram is a detailed design presentation of a system where it shows how the
experiment interacts. (Fig. 3.2)
3.5 Data - Gathering Procedure
With regards to the strength condition between ordinary and banana fiber
admixture for precast concrete wall panel, the following test where conveyed:
Data collection was conducted to analyze the engineering properties between an
ordinary concrete mix and, coconut fiber and banana fiber reinforced concrete mix. Thus,
the following tests were carried out:
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3.5.1 Materials used:
Ordinary Portland cement, fine aggregates (sand), and coarse aggregates
(gravel) were used, as it is readily available in the market. The fibers used were
coconut and banana fibers with length ranging between 30mm - 50mm. Coconut
fiber was purchased from Pilipinas Eco Fiber Corporation in San Pablo City,
Laguna while the banana fiber was transported from Marsman Agrarian Reform
Beneficiaries Multipurpose Cooperative at Puerto Azul, St. Tomas Davao Del
Norte. Water available at the location was also used.
3.5.2 Preparation and mixing of cement
a) Ordinary concrete mixture
For the test procedure in this study, a ratio of 1:1.5:3 concrete mix
was applied. For every one part of cement theres a corresponding one and
a half parts of sand and three parts of gravel.
b) Coconut and Banana reinforced concrete mixture
For the test procedure used in the ordinary concrete mix, same
approach was used. The ratio of 1:1.5:3 was applied but there will be an
admixture consists of coconut and banana fibers added to the mix. Three
different percentages of coconut and banana fibers (0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5%)
was added per weight of cement.
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All the materials were mixed properly as water was added in the concrete mixer.
Slump test was conducted. Coconut fiber and banana fiber were added in the concrete
mixer. Concrete fiber reinforced concrete mixture was poured into the cylindrical mold
with dimension 100mm x 150mm for the Compressive Strength testing. Rod was used in
the compaction of the concrete mix to remove air voids. The same procedure goes with
the other specimens. The samples were kept dried for 24 hours and then cured for 28 days
for testing.
3.5.3 Curing
The specimens were removed from the molds 24 hours after casting and
were submerged in water for 28 days before testing.
3.5.4 Testing of specimen
Compressive strength test was conducted for the concrete cylinders with
the use of digital compression testing machine.
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CHAPTER IV
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND
INTERPRETATION OF DATA
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CHAPTER IV
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
4.1 RESULTS
4.1.1 The results of the compressive strength of banana & coconut reinforced concrete
conducted by Pozzolanic Philippines, Inc.
COMPRESSIVE
SAMPLE IDENTIFICATION STRENGTH
Mpa psi
Trial 1 14.87 2156.05

Ordinary Concrete Mix
Trial 2 21.02 3047.64
0.5% of Admixture per Trial 1 8.05 1166.63
weight of cement Trial 2 9.22 1336.46
Table4.1 Compressive Strength
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The results show that the ordinary concrete mix has a much greater compressive strength
than that of the banana and coconut fiber reinforced concrete mixture. Trial 1 with 1.5 % of
admixtures gives the higher compressive strength among the other fiber reinforced concrete
mix yet, it still did not meet or match the strength of the ordinary concrete mix.
Compressive Strength (MPa)

25
20
15
10
5
0
Ordinary 0.5% of 1.0% of 1.5% of
Concrete Admixture Admixture Admixture
Mix per weight per weight per weight
of cement of cement of cement
Tiral 1 Trial 2
Figure 4.1 Compressive Strength
Compressive Strength (psi)

3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
Tiral 1 Trial 2
Figure 4.2Compressive Strength
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Computation of flexural strength:
Ordinary Mix
Trial 1
fy = (fc) x 15% = 2156.05 x 0.15 = 323.41 psi
Trial 2
fy = (fc) x 15% = 3047.64 x 0.15 = 457.15psi
0.5% of admixture per weight of cement
Trial 1
fy = (fc) x 15% = 1166.63x 0.15 = 174.99psi
Trial 2
fy = (fc) x 15% = 1336.46x 0.15 = 200.47psi
Trial 1
fy = (fc) x 15% = 852.82 x 0.15 = 127.92psi
Trial 2
fy = (fc) x 15% = 828.83x 0.15 = 124.32psi
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Trial 1
fy = (fc) x 15% = 1696.41x 0.15 = 254.46psi
Trial 2
fy = (fc) x 15% = 1447.21x 0.15 = 217.08psi
Flexural Strength (psi)

500
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
Tiral 1 Trial 2
Figure 4.3FlexuralStrength
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4.2 TECHNICAL STUDY
The most common material used for partition or wall is the CHB (concrete hollow
blocks) which means it has a higher demand in the construction industry. However, precast
wall panels are much easier to install and saves construction time compared to CHB since
they are already cast in a controlled environment. Precast concrete wall panel is the material
of choice for residential houses and other common structures. Continuing to introduce this
product will help increase its demand in the market.
4.3 OPERATIONAL STUDY
The researchers analyzed and determined the raw material needed for the research. The
raw materials used in this study are banana fiber and coconut fiber. These fibers are used as
admixtures in the concrete mix. The coconut fiber was obtained from Pilipinas Coco Fiber
Corporation which manufactures different coconutproducts while the banana fiber was
obtained from a banana fiber processing cooperative in Davao del Norte. The data gathered
from the concrete samples went through a standard testing and observation conducted by
Pozzolanic Philippines Inc.
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CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
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CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 CONCLUSION
Based on the compressive strength test conducted, the addition of banana and
coconut fiber significantly reduces the compressive strength of the concrete almost by
half compared to the ordinary concrete mixture. As per the DPWH Department Order No.
189 series of 2002, the minimum compressive strength of structural members is 3000 psi
and 2500 psi for non-structural members. Since the wall panel is classified as a surface
structural member, the minimum compressive strength required is 3000 psi. The result of
the compressive strength test of banana and coconut reinforced concrete failed to meet
the required strength of the concrete wall panel.One factor affecting the compressive
strength of the concrete is due to the difficulty in compaction which consequently led to
increase of voids.Though the addition of fibers will not give the required strength, it has
the ability to reduce shrinkage cracking and spalling.
5.2 RECOMMENDATION
The researchers recommend the following to the next researcher/s who will be planning
to conduct a similar study:
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In combining mixtures, make sure that the materials (i.e. fibers) are uniformly
distributed for it may affect the final output.
Instead of using banana fiber and coconut fiber, the future researchers may
use a smaller length of fibers or even a finer material such as coco peat
powder as an admixture or replacement.
Modifythe mix proportion of the banana and coconut fiber to be added in
every cubic meter of concrete to alter the result.
Provide more percentages of materials for the comparison of the results.
Researchers may try to consider other structural members like beam column
or concrete slab.
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REFERENCES
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References
Agrawal, A. R., Dhase, S. S., & Agrawal, K. S. (2014). Coconut Fiber in Concrete to Enhance its
Strength and making Lightweight Concrete, 9(8), 6467.
Akar, C., & Canbaz, M. (2016). Effect of molasses as an admixture on concrete durability.
Journal of Cleaner Production, 112, 23742380.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.09.081
Aqilah, N. U. R., & Abd, B. T. (2014). Strength Performance Of Banana Fiber Ash As
Cementitious Material With Different Temperature, (July).
Chaitanya, J. D., Abhilash, G. V. S., Khan, P. K., Manikanta, G., & Taraka, V. (2016).
Experimental Studies on Glass Fiber Concrete American Journal of Engineering Research (
AJER ), (5), 100104.
Chandramouli K., Rao, S. S., Pannirselvam N, Sekhar, S. T., & Sravana P. (2010). Strength
Properties of Glass Fibre Concrete. Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 5(4), 16.
Corinaldesi, V., Donnini, J., & Nardinocchi, A. (2015). The influence of calcium oxide addition
on properties of fiber reinforced cement-based composites. Journal of Building
Engineering, 4, 1420. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2015.07.009
Mohamad, N., Khalil, A. I., Abdul Samad, A. A., & Goh, W. I. (2014). Structural behavior of
precast lightweight foam concrete sandwich panel with double shear truss connectors under
flexural load. ISRN Civil Engineering, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/317941
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Mostafa, M., & Uddin, N. (2015). Effect of Banana Fibers on the Compressive and Flexural
Strength of Compressed Earth Blocks. Buildings, 5(1), 282296.
https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings5010282
Mousavi, S. E. (2017). Flexural response and crack development properties of ferrocement
panels reinforced with steel fibers. Journal of Building Engineering, 12, 325331.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2017.06.010
Nila, V. M., Raijan, K. J., Antony, S., M, R. B., & Davis, N. R. (2015). Hair Fibre Reinforced
Concrete, (June), 1011.
Phanikumar, B. R., & Sofi, A. (2016). Effect of pond ash and steel fibre on engineering
properties of concrete. Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 7(1), 8999.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2015.03.009
Puri, V., Chakrabortty, P., Anand, S., & Majumdar, S. (2017). Bamboo reinforced prefabricated
wall panels for low cost housing. Journal of Building Engineering, 9, 5259.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2016.11.010
Sadiqul Islam, G. M., & Gupta, S. Das. (2016). Evaluating plastic shrinkage and permeability of
polypropylene fiber reinforced concrete. International Journal of Sustainable Built
Environment, 5(2), 345354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsbe.2016.05.007
Sofi, A., & Phanikumar, B. R. (2016). Durability properties of fibre-reinforced pond ash-
modified concrete. Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, 11(10), 13851402.
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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2015.03.008
Yalley, P. ., & Kwan, A. S. . (2009). Coconut Fibre as enhancement of concrete Yalley and
Kwan. Journal of Engineering and Technology, 5473.
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APPENDICES
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DOCUMENTATION:
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MATERIALS:
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MIXING:
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TESTING:
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CURRICULUM VITAE
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ANGELICA FLORENBASCON
Juana 6, Blk.10, Lot 14, Abraham St.,
Brgy. San Francisco,Bian, Laguna
Contact #: +63975-2516742
basconangelica@yahoo.com
CAREER OBJECTIVES
To gain experience and more knowledge from outside the campus in the field of Civil
Engineering.
PERSONAL DATA
Age : 21 years old
Date of Birth : September 21, 1996
Gender : Female
Civil Status : Single
Height : 5 3
Weight : 45 kg
Nationality : Filipino
Religion : Roman Catholic
Language : English, Filipino
TECHNICAL SKILLS
Can work well with others
Computer Literate (MS Word, MS Excel, and MS PowerPoint)
Knowledgeable in AutoCAD and Photoshop
Willing to learn and can multitask
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
TERTIARY: Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering
2013 Present
SECONDARY: Mater Ecclesiae School
2009 2013
PRIMARY: Chrysanthemum Village Elementary School
2003 - 2009
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SEMINARS ATTENDED
6TH RESEARCH FORUM AND OJT ORIENTATION

March 06, 2017
VIBRANT TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS SEMINAR: INTRODUCTION TO BIM AND

TEKLA STRUCTURES
March 03, 2017
CIVIL ENGINEERING CAREER PATH TALK 2016: EMPOWERING

KNOWLEDGE TO BE GLOBALLY COMPETITIVE ENGINEERS
March 02, 2016
CUTTING EDGE: STREAMLINING CIVIL ENGINEERING IN ADVANCING

NATION
NATIONAL CIVIL ENGINEERING SYMPOSIUM
University of the Philippines Diliman
September 11, 2015
ORGANIZATIONS AND AFFILIATIONS
UPHSL ASSOCIATION OF CIVIL ENGINEERING STUDENTS (ACES)

Auditor (2017 2018)
PHILIPPINE INSTITUTE OF CIVIL ENGINEERS (PICE)

Member (2016 Present)
CHARACTER REFERENCES
Engr. Catherine S. Hernandez Professional Engineer/Professor

Contact #: +63943-7294943
Relationship: Professor
Engr. Ida P. Mandawe Professional Engineer/Professor
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Contact #: +63943-7294943
I hereby certify that the above statements are true and correct.
_______________________________
BASCON, ANGELICA F.
Applicant
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DIANE MAE D. CORTEZ

Blk. 3 Lot 40 Honesty St. Cityland
Brgy. Mabuhay Carmona, Cavite
Contact #: +639267697349
Dianed1204@gmail.com
CAREER OBJECTIVES
To secure a position where I can efficiently contribute my skills and abilities for the growth
of the organization and build my professional career.
PERSONAL DATA
Age : 20 years old
Date of Birth : December 04, 1996
Gender : Female
Height : 5 3.5
Weight : 55 kg
TECHNICAL SKILLS
Knowledgeable in Autocad
Knows how to effectively work as a part of a team
Proficient in MS office
2013-Present
SECONDARY: St. Therese School of Southville, Inc.

2009 - 2013
Town and Country Southville Sto. Tomas Bian, Laguna
66
(02) 779-5310 local 3006 / CELL #09228900917
ELEMENTARY: Carmona Elementary School

2003 - 2009
Carmona, Cavite
SEMINARS ATTENDED
6th Research Forum and OJT Orientation

March 06, 2017
Vibrant Technology Solutions Seminar: Introduction of BIM and TEKLA Structures

March 02, 2017
Civil Engineering Career Path Talk 2016: Empowering Knowledge to be Globally

Competitive Engineers
March 02, 2016
Cutting Edge: Streamlining Civil Engineering in Advancing Nation

September 11, 2015
ACHIEVEMENTS
Member
Philippine Institute of Civil Engineers (PICE)
February 23, 2016 - Present
Participant
AutoCAD 2D Drafting and 3D Modeling
April 21, 2014 June 13, 2014
Katsumi ONDA Computer Literacy Center Carmona, Cavite
1st Honorable Mention

Academic Excellence Award
2012-2013
St. Therese School of Southville, Inc.
Participant
Sci-math Spelling Bee
67
(02) 779-5310 local 3006 / CELL #09228900917
October 08, 2011

De La Salle Canlubang
Quizzer 3rd Place

Academic Quiz Bee Competition
2011
St. Therese School of Southville, Inc.
Engr. Catherine S. Hernandez

Professor
0943-7294-943
Engr. Ida P. Mandawe

Professor
0925-7255-787
Engr. Emiterio C. Hernandez

Professor
0917-8829-460
I hereby that all above information is correct and true.
________________________
DIANE MAE D. CORTEZ
Applicant
68
(02) 779-5310 local 3006 / CELL #09228900917
JOHN PAUL AVILA RIMPOS

Block 6 Lot 21 Phase 1-A Annex, San Lorenzo
South Subdivision, Malitlit, Sta. Rosa, Laguna
E-mail Address: johnpaulrimpos@gmail.com
Mobile Number: 09985147978
CAREER OBJECTIVES
To improve my communication and computer literacy skills like MS Word, MS Excel and
especially in Auto Cad; to enhance myself in the field of Civil Engineering once I graduate.

2012 - Present
Binan Campus
Bachelor of Science
Major in Civil Engineering
Dominican College Sta. Rosa, Laguna

2010 - 2012
3rd - 4th Year High School
Don Bosco Technical Institute

2008 - 2010
Makati City
1st - 2nd Year High School
Secondary Education
Don Bosco Technical Institute

2001 - 2008
Makati City
Preparatory - Elementary
Primary Education
69
(02) 779-5310 local 3006 / CELL #09228900917
SEMINARS ATTENDED
National Civil Engineering Symposium

September 15, 2017
UPHSL -ACES Annual General Assembly

University of Perpetual Help
System Laguna - Binan
July 18, 2017
PERSONAL DATA
Date of Birth : January 16, 1995

Place of Birth : Manila, Philippines
Weight : 127.6 lbs.
Height : 52
Age : 22 y/o
Language : English / Filipino
SKILLS AND ABILITIES
Computer Literate (MS Word, MS Excel, and MS PowerPoint

Knowledgeable in AutoCAD
Good in English proficiency
Willing to learn and can do multitasking

Member (2017 2018)

70
(02) 779-5310 local 3006 / CELL #09228900917

Contact #: +63943-7294943

Contact #: +63943-7294943
___________________________
JOHN PAUL A. RIMPOS
Applicant
71
(02) 779-5310 local 3006 / CELL #09228900917
JAN KENNETH CAPUNITAN SAMANIEGO

597 Jade Street Nepa Hi-way Subdivision,
San Vicente, Bian City, Laguna
Contact #: +63935-9090217
jankennethsamaniego@yahoo.com
CAREER OBJECTIVES
To gain knowledge and improvement of my professional skills, as well as to make the

most of my potentials towards achieving the goals, also to gain more knowledge from
outside the campus in the field of Civil Engineering.
PERSONAL DATA
Age : 21 years old
Date of Birth : March 20, 1996
Gender : Male
Height : 5 4
Weight : 57 kg
Computer Literate (MS Word, MS Excel, and MS PowerPoint)

Knowledgeable in AutoCAD, SketchUp Pro, HEC-RAS, and STAAD
Familiar with: Computer Language (C++, Visual Basic)
Good in English proficiency
2013 Present
SECONDARY: Panorama Montessori School, Bian
72
(02) 779-5310 local 3006 / CELL #09228900917
2009 2013
PRIMARY: Panorama Montessori School, Bian
2003 - 2009
SEMINARS ATTENDED
6TH RESEARCH FORUM AND OJT ORIENTATION

March 06, 2017
VIBRANT TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS SEMINAR: INTRODUCTION TO BIM AND

TEKLA STRUCTURES
March 03, 2017
CIVIL ENGINEERING CAREER PATH TALK 2016: EMPOWERING

KNOWLEDGE TO BE GLOBALLY COMPETITIVE ENGINEERS
March 02, 2016
RECONSTRUCT: FORGING THE NATIONS ADVANCEMENT THROUGH

SERVICE AND INNOVATION
September 15, 2017
CUTTING EDGE: STREAMLINING CIVIL ENGINEERING IN ADVANCING

NATION
September 11, 2015

Member (2017 2018)
73
(02) 779-5310 local 3006 / CELL #09228900917


Contact #: +63943-7294943

Contact #: +63943-7294943
_______________________________
SAMANIEGO, JAN KENNETH C.
Applicant
74
(02) 779-5310 local 3006 / CELL #09228900917
SIAGA, ANGELINE VILLEGAS

B-6 L-31 Bittersweet St. Villas III, Brgy. Malusak
City of Santa Rosa Laguna
Contact No.: 09154017845
Email: Angie_siaga24@yahoo.com
CAREER OBJECTIVES
To attain valuable knowledge and professional skills to complement those that I have
learned from school in an actual job environment. In return, I offer my service and determination
to be an asset to your company throughout the duration of my training period.
Adept in Microsoft Office Application such as:

Microsoft Office Word
Microsoft Office PowerPoint
Microsoft Office Excel
Knowledgeable in AutoCAD application such as:
2- Dimensional Plans
3- Dimensional Plans
Knowledgeable in Computer application such as:
STAAD Structural Analysis and Design
Oriented in Photoshop CS4 and CS5
Oriented in Video Editing Applications
75
(02) 779-5310 local 3006 / CELL #09228900917
Tertiary : University of Perpetual Help System Laguna 2010- Present

Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering
Sto. Nio, City of Bian, Laguna
Secondary: Santa Rosa Science and Technology High School 2006-2010
Rizal Blvd, Santa Rosa, Laguna
Elementary: Santa Rosa Elementary School Central 1 2000-2006

Rizal Boulevard, Kanluran, Santa Rosa City, Laguna
SEMINARS ATTENDED
Civil Engineering College Laboratory Tour 2013 2015

National Civil Engineering Symposium 2014
Civil Engineering Career Path Talk 2016
Member - Association of Civil Engineering Students (ACES)

Member - Philippine Institute of Civil Engineering Students (PICES)
Member - Laguna Chess Association (LCA)
Member - Santa Rosa Lion Chess Federation (SRLCF)
President - University of Perpetual Help System Laguna-Chess Club
PERSONAL DATA
Age : 23 years old

Date of Birth : June 04, 1994
Gender : Female
Height : 5 3
Weight : 55kg
76
(02) 779-5310 local 3006 / CELL #09228900917

Contact #: +63943-7294943

Contact #: +63943-7294943
_______________________________
SIAGA, ANGELINE V.
Applicant
77

Precast Concrete Wall Panel With Banana Fiber and Coconut Coir As Admixtures

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Precast Concrete Wall Panel With Banana Fiber and Coconut Coir As Admixtures

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University of Perpetual Help System Laguna

Sto. Nino, City of Binan, Laguna

PRECAST CONCRETE WALL PANEL WITH

BANANA FIBER AND COCOCOIR AS ADMIXTURE

A Research Study Presented to:

Faculty of Engineering and Technical-Vocational

University of Perpetual Help System Laguna

Sto. Nio, Bian City, Laguna

In Partial Fulfilment of the Course Requirement for the Degree of

Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering

CORTEZ, Diane Mae D.

RIMPOS, John PaulA.

SAMANIEGO, Jan Kenneth C.

Inc. for mixing and testing the concrete.

our research paper.

support us in every step we take in achieving our goals.

CHAPTER 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

Background of the Study 7

Statement of the Problem 9

Objective of the Study 9

Significance of the Study 9

Scope and Delimitation 10

CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND

Synthesis of the Study 35

CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Data Gathering Procedure 38

CHAPTER 4 PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND

CHAPTER 5 SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

all rulers as well as urban civilians.

fracture under stress.

residues may be useful in many ways.

1.2 Background of the Study

duration forces is prone to creep.

environmental friendly materials such as fibers.

to increase the ability of the concrete to crack.

1.3 Theoretical Framework

Concrete Wall Coconut Coir and Increase in

1.4 Conceptual Framework

banana fiber as admixtures. (Fig. 1.2)

Coconut Coir and Banana Increase in Compressive

1.5 Statement of the Problem

aim to answer the following questions:

will increase the compressive strength of the concrete?

reinforced concrete mix?

1.6 Objective of the Study

as an enhancement of concrete.The purpose of the study are the following:

engineering properties of concrete.

maximum strength when compared to the ordinary mixture.

1.7 Significance of the Study

innovation of new technology in the future field of Civil Engineering.

that can be used in construction.

infrastructures mainly in their concrete buildings, highways and bridges.

research needs to extract the natural fibers manually.

1.8 Scope and Delimitation

significant effect in the concrete mixture.

1.9 Definition of Terms

Admixture - a thing or ingredient added in mixing

Banana Fiber - a ligno-cellulosic fiber, obtained from the

Coco Coir - fiber from the outer husk of the coconut

Compressive Strength - a compression test which determines the

Concrete - a very hard building material made by