LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINESLAGUNA

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND COMPUTER STUDIES

CECL45E HYDRAULICS

EXPERIMENT NO. 1
FLOW OF FLUID THROUGH A RECTANGULAR WEIR

Submitted by:
DE VERA ROHAN JOSH V.
CE 4-1

Submitted to:

DR. RICARDO M. BOBADILLA

FACULTY, COECS

OCTOBER 5, 2017
 Experiment No. 1

FLOW OF FLUID THROUGH A RECTANGULAR WEIR

OBJECTIVES:

1. To be able to calculate the actual flow rate in practice due to fluid viscosity.
2. To calculate the coefficient of discharge.

APPARATUS:

Hydraulic bench, ruler, stop watch, pencil/pen, paper, Hook and point gage (if available)

THEORY:

Rectangular weirs are typically used to control the elevation of water up and downstream
of the weir and they usually have higher discharge values associated with them. The rectangular
weir is the most commonly used thin plate weir. Rectangular weirs often used in water supply,
wastewater and sewage systems. They consist of a sharp edged plate with a rectangular profile
for the water flow. A rectangular weir is used to meter flow in an open channel. The head over
the rectangular weir is measured and correlated with the water flow rate through the open
channel (and over the weir). A rectangular weir equation gives water flow rate as a function of
head over the rectangular weir. There are two main types of rectangular weirs. The first type is a
suppressed weir, where the crest stretches across the whole width of the channel. A
contracted weir means that the ditch leading up to the weir is wider than the weir opening itself.
A rectangular contracted weir has a rectangular opening where the sides are straight up and
down.

PROCEDURE:

1. Draw the set-up of the experiment.

2. Place water in hydraulic bench see instruction manual.
3. Install the hook or point gauge upstream of the notch at a distance of at least 4 times the
height of water level above the notch.
4. Turn on the water pump of the Hydraulics bench and slowly open the flow control
valve until water starts flowing over the notch then stop the pump.
5. Wait until the overflow stops and record the water level in the channel by the hook or
point gauge. This is the lowest point level of water for the notch (HL) at the top of the
data sheet.
 6. Start the pump again and open the flow control valve until the flow rate in the flow meter
is around 5 lpm (see Hydraulics bench manual) allow the flow to continue for at least 1
min. to obtain a steady state, then record the water level in the flow channel by hook or
point gauge (HH).
7. The different of water levels in 5 (HL) and 6 (HH) is H as shown in the Fig.1.
8. Repeat 6 and 7 at a flow rate of about 10, 15, 20, 25 lpm or until the water level in
the open channel is near its maximum. As instructed by instructor/professor.
9. Calculate Cd for the notch.
10. Submit all experiment data to your instructor/professor. Use Blank Form.

DATA AND RESULTS

Fig.1 RECTANGULAR WEIR

b = 3 cm

Trial Flow Meter Vol Time Flow meter Level above the Cd
Q V T Q Notch, H
Li/m Li s Q Q H H
Li/min m3/s cm m
Rectangular
Weir 1 55 12 15 48 0.0008 4.25 0.0425 1.03
2 45 18 25 43.2 0.00072 4.10 0.0410 0.98
3 35 16 30 32 0.000533 3.60 0.0360 0.88
4 30 16 35 27.43 0.000457 3.34 0.0340 0.85
5 25 19 50 22.8 0.00038 2.48 0.0248 1.10
COMPUTATIONS

Trial 1

1 12 1 3 3
1 = = = 8 104
1 15 1000
1
1 = 4.25 = 4.25 102
100
2
From equation = 2 3/2
3
2
8 10 = [ 2(9.81) 0.03(4.25 102 )3/2 ]
4
3
1 = 1. 03
Trial 2

2 18 1 3 3
2 = = = 7.2 104
2 25 1000
1
2 = 4.1 = 4.1 102
100
2
From equation = 3 2 3/2
2
7.2 104 = [3 2(9.81) 0.03(4.1 102 )3/2 ]
2 = 0.98
Trial 3

3 16 1 3 3
3 = = = 5.33 104
3 30 1000
1
3 = 3.6 = 3.6 102
100
2
From equation = 2 3/2
3
2
5.33 104 = [3 2(9.81) 0.03(3.6 102 )3/2 ]
3 = 0.88
Trial 4

4 16 1 3 3
4 = = = 4.57 104
4 35 1000
1
4 = 3.34 = 3.34 102
100
2
From equation = 2 3/2
3
2
4.57 10 = [3 2(9.81) 0.03(3.34 102 )3/2 ]
4

4 = 0.85
Trial 5

5 19 1 3 3
5 = = = 3.8 104
5 50 1000
 1
5 = 2.48 = 2.48 102
100
2
From equation = 2 3/2
3
4 2
3.8 10 = [3 2(9.81) 0.03(2.48 102 )3/2 ]

Q(li/min)
60

50
H(cm) Q(li/min)
40
4.25 48
4.1 43.2
30 3.6 32
3.34 27.43
20
2.48 22.8
10

0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5

PROBLEMS FOR SOLUTION

1. A contracted rectangular weir is to be connected in a stream of water which discharge

vary from 3 to 60 cfs. Determine the length of the weir, such that the measured head will
never be less than 0.30 ft. or greater than of the length of the weir.

= 3.33 3/2

When = 3 ; = 0.30

3 = 3.33[ 0.2(0.30)](0.30)3/2

= 0.2(0.30) = 5.48

= 5.54

When = 60 ; = 4
 3/2
60 = 3.33 [ 0.2 ( )] ( )
4 4

= 7.45

2. A flow of 30cfs passes over a rectangular flume in ft. deep and 6.0 ft wide. Find the
height at which the crest of a sharp-edged suppressed weir should be placed in order that
the water will not overflow the side of the flume. Take C=3.33

= 3.33 3/2

30 = 33(6) 3/2

= 1.31

3. A 1220 mm pipeline containing 1220 x 305mm venturimeter supplies water to

rectangular canal. The pressure at the inlet of the venturimeter is 221 kPa, and at the
throat is 60 kPa. A suppressed weir with C=1.84. 1220m. high placed in the canal
discharges or under a head of 305mm. What is the probable width of the canal?
12 1 22 2
+ + 1 = + + 2
2 2
12 22 1 2
[ ]+ =0
2

1 305 2
=( )
2 1220
161 = 2
12 (161 )2 221 103 60 103
[ ]+[ ]=0
2 9810

25512
+ 16.41 = 0
2
1 = 1.12/
1.313
= (1220103 )2 (1.12) =
4
= 3/2

1.31 = 1.84(0.305)3/2
= 4.23
CONCLUSION

For applications where the flow of water is relatively constant and the channel the channel width
is restricted, a rectangular weir (with or without end contractions) may be a better fit. To sum it
up rectangular weirs are highly useful hydraulic tools that allow engineers to control water
height, velocity, and most importantly they can be used to calculate discharge

REFERENCE

https://www.lmnoeng.com/Weirs/RectangularWeir.php

http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/weirs-flow-rate-d_592.html

http://www.brighthubengineering.com/hydraulics-civil-engineering/65880-open-channel-flow-
measurement-5-the-rectangular-weir/

http://irrigation.wsu.edu/Content/Calculators/Water-Measurements/Rectangular-Contracted-
Weir.php

https://www.openchannelflow.com/blog/rectangular-weirs-for-water-rights-measurement