Wat

A PROPOSED REHABILITATION COMMUNITY FOR DRUG AND
ALCOHOL ADDICTS IN TUGUEGARAO CITY
A Thesis Proposal Submitted to the

College of Architecture
University of Santo Tomas
In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirements
For the Degree Of
Bachelor of Science in Architecture
Paulo S. Schulte
5AR-16
September 2017
A PROPOSED REHABILITATION COMMUNITY
FOR DRUG AND ALCOHOL ADDICTS
IN TUGUEGARAO CITY
Table of Contents Page No.
1. Chapter 1 Introduction3
1.1. Background and Nature of the Project..4
1.2. Statement of the Problem..6
1.3. Project Goals.7
1.4. Project Objectives.8
1.5. Significance of the Project9
1.6. Scope and Delimitations...9
1.7. Definition of Terms....10
2. Chapter 2 Review of Related Literature......12
2.1. Drug Rehabilitation and Treatment.12
2.1.1. Drug Addiction Treatment..12
2.1.2. Approaches for Drug Addiction Treatment.12
2.1.3. Related Health Problems14
2.1.4. Process of Drug Rehabilitation...15
2.2. Alcohol and Drug Rehabilitation Centers in the Philippines..16
2.2.1. Expense of Drug Rehabilitation..16
2.2.2. Low Rehabilitation Rate in the Philippines17
2.2.3. Disadvantages of Rehabilitation Centers18
2.2.4. The Lack of Rehabilitation Centers in the Philippines...19
2.3. Therapeutic Architecture19
2.3.1. Therapeutic Communities in Drug Rehabilitation..19
2.3.2. Therapeutic Architecture in Drug Rehabilitation22
2.3.3. Kinesthetics and Landscaping....26
2.4. Case Studies29
2.4.1. International Case Studies (Outside the Philippines) .29
2.4.2. Local Case Studies (Within the Philippines) .33
3. Chapter 3 Research Methodology....34
3.1. Research Proper......34
3.1.1. Descriptive Research......34
3.1.2. Case Study Approach......35
3.2. Research Participants......35
3.3. Research Instruments..36
3.3.1. Case Studies and Resource Centers.36
3.3.2. Ocular Inspection and Site Reconnaissance37
3.3.3. Photo Documentation.38
3.3.4. Interviews,,,38
3.3.5. Observation Analysis..38
4. Chapter 4 Site Profile.39
4.1. Site Selection Criteria.39
4.1.1. Land Size39
4.1.2. Soil Character.39
4.1.3. Topography39
4.1.4. Geological Character..40
4.1.5. Climate Character...40
4.1.6. Natural Features..40
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4.1.7. Environmental Concerns40

4.1.8. Transportation and Acessibility..41
4.1.9. Adjacent Structures.....41
4.1.10. Security...41
4.1.11. Utilities...42
4.1.12. Land Value.42
4.2. Site Justification.42
4.3. Macro Site Analysis43
4.3.1. Historical Background....43
4.3.1.1. History of Name43
4.3.2. Demographics.44
4.3.2.1. Tuguegarao City...44
4.3.2.2. Household Profile.44
4.3.2.3. Drug Dependency.44
4.3.3. Land Use and Zoning..44
4.3.3.1. Land Area.44
4.3.3.2. Land Use...45
4.3.3.3. General Site Zoning..47
4.3.4. Geotechnical Information...47
4.3.4.1. Geographical Location.47
4.3.4.2. Topography..47
4.3.4.3. Climate.48
4.3.4.4. Soil48
4.3.4.5. Slope.48
4.3.4.6. Water Resources...49
4.3.4.7. Infrastructure....49
4.4. Micro Site Analysis50
4.4.1. Vicinity...52
4.4.2. Site Profile..53
4.4.2.1. Land Profile..53
4.4.2.2. Soil Character...53
4.4.2.3. Topography..54
4.4.2.4. Flood Map.54
4.4.2.5. Geological Character56
4.4.2.6. Climate Character.56
4.4.2.7. Natural Features56
4.4.2.8. Environmental Concerns..56
4.4.2.9. Transportation and Accessibility..57
4.4.2.10. Adjacent Structures...57
4.5. Site Analysis...57
4.5.1. S.W.O.T Analysis...58
4.5.1.1. Strengths...58
4.5.1.2. Weaknesses..59
4.5.1.3. Opportunities....59
4.5.1.4. Threats..59
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1. Chapter One Introduction
Alcohol and drug addiction is one of the biggest problems of the modern Filipino
society not just because of the huge number of people that fall victim to it but also
because of its long-term effects on the lives of the addicts as well as the people close
to them. It does not matter where they get addicted age-old addictions such as
drugs or alcohol (also known as substance addiction), or modern addictions such as
computer games (or non-substance addiction) people who fall victim to the
clutches of addiction all suffer the destructive effects of whatever they are addicted
in.
Addiction is defined as a chronic, often relapsing brain disease characterized by
compulsive drug use. The initial decision to take drugs, for most people is
voluntary, whether experimenting recreationally or having been prescribed
medication for any number of symptoms. While some people will never display
negative responses, others will find themselves, over a period of time, relying on
the effects produced by the drug. Seeking help with drug addiction is a pro-active
step toward taking back control of ones life.
Reports of drug related crime are common in the Philippines media. The main
concern tends to be towards Shabu which gets the most media attention. It does
seem that illegal drug use is on the rise, and this has worrying implications for the
future. There is an urgent need to educate young people as to the dangers of drug
use, and there is also a great need to help those who are already addicted to escape
their misery. Failure to do this could mean there will be further deterioration within
many Filipino communities.

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1.1. Background and Nature of the Project
Following the start of the current Philippine Governments war on drugs,
drug abuse and addiction has become a subject of fear and death for many
Filipinos nationwide. Many Filipino and families linked to drugs have also
become the subject to the Philippine National Police or the PNPs anti-drug
operations. Based on the data of the PNP, a total of 1,020, 244 people
surrendered to the authorities from July 2016 to February 2016 with 940,000
of those who surrendered are drug users and addicts while 75,000 are drug
pushers.
A US government report in 2009 concluded that illegal drug use was a
significant problem in the Philippines due to corruption and poor law
enforcement. There was particular concern expressed about the amount of
methamphetamine (shabu) and cannabis production in the area. Drug
addiction appears to be on the rise in the Philippines. There are believed to
be as many as 6.7 million drug abusers according to figures from 2004- this
is a dramatic increase from 1972 when there was only believed to have been
around 20,000 drug users in the Philippines. The drug that is most abused in
the Philippines continues to be Alcohol they are the second highest
consumers of alcoholic drinks in South East Asia.
Fortunately, there are ways to treat this negative condition in the country.
Currently, rehabilitation is the most common and effective form of getting
people out of their addictions.

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In the Philippines, there are only 48 accredited rehabilitation centers (or
rehab centers, as they are popularly called) and dozens more scattered
across a country that is home to more than 98 million Filipinos, which is
quite concerning considering the growing number of addiction cases in the
country.
Alcohol and drug rehab centers provide guidance when it comes to dealing
with withdrawal symptoms, which can be dangerous if not addressed
accordingly. These symptoms occur when a dependent chooses to abstain
from drugs or alcohol that the body has been accustomed with. These
physical and psychological episodes can escalate dramatically and can cause
serious health issues. Rehabilitation centers provide medical treatments in
coordination with a licensed physician of a legitimate hospital.
Drug rehab facilities help drug addicts prepare to re-enter society. Drug
addiction often changes a person's behavior, which can affect all aspects of
his or her life, including work and relationships. In drug rehab, patients do
their best to regain their normal lives in a safe and healthy way.
There are many different types of drug rehab facilities. Some specialize in
helping patients with a specific drug addiction; others offer a broader range
of drug addiction services. Some rehab facilities are even gender- or age-
specific, as this often helps patients feel more comfortable in the rehab
setting. Inpatient and outpatient rehab facilities are also available.
Drug rehab treatment centers often carry the stigma that patients are forced
to stay. However, this stereotype is untrue. Patients in rehab centers are free
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to leave anytime they choose to. One reason for this is that drug rehab can
only be truly effective when the patient has a desire to be there and to change
his or her addictive habits. That being said, in instances where individuals
are compelled to go to rehab -- such as via a court order -- the rehab process
can still be effective, even if they were initially reluctant to go.
Drug rehab centers in the Philippines range from very basic facilities to
luxury treatment centers. The type of center a patient attends depends upon
his or her budget and level of insurance coverage. While luxury centers offer
more amenities than basic facilities, they are not always the best treatment
centers.
1.2. Statement of the Problem
With the growing number of drug abuse and addiction cases together with
the growing population of drug surrenderees around the Philippines, it is
alarming to realize how there are so few of these institutions in the country,
and how only a few Filipinos actually turn to rehab centers to treat their
addiction issues or get the chance to be accommodated in these facilities.
Together with the lack of rehab facilities, a lot of people find rehab centers
expensive and less practical; most Filipinos would rather ignore the
addiction issues of their family members than spend money and send them
to treatment facility where they would get real attention. This mindset often
leads to the worsening of addiction cases, resulting in bigger problems in
the future. Moreover, substance abuse related problems such as domestic

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violence, crimes on the street and illegal activities increase affecting those
people who are innocent.
It is essential for the Filipino people to realize how important rehab centers
are in addressing the addiction issues in our country.
Rehabilitation is not an overnight solution; there is no scientific solution that
would promise you quick results. If it took drug dependents and alcoholics
a long time to succumb to their addictions, it will take some time for them
to completely turn away from it. But there is one thing that rehab centers
can guarantee the procedures used in these treatment institutions will
ensure that the results are long-lasting and effective.
1.3. Project Goals
Member countries among the United Nations have also adopted a set of 17
global goals known as the Sustainable Development Goals that act as a
universal call to end poverty, protect the planet and ensure the prosperity of
the worlds people. The Philippines, being a third world country, shall need
to prioritize certain goals to take on the problem of poverty, health and social
peace and justice.
Of the 17 goals listed, the proposed project shall prioritize the following
sustainable goals listed below:
1. To end poverty in all its forms everywhere,
2. Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages,
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3. Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable
development, provide access to justice for all and build effective,
accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels.
In line with the sustainable goals above, the researchers goal for the
proposed rehabilitation center is to set new standards, in terms of design and
operation, for public health care and rehabilitation facilities in the
Philippines.
1.4. Project Objectives
1. The project aims to provide a facility that will rehabilitate people with
drug addiction in the province of Cagayan.
2. The project aims to study the significance and effects of therapeutic
architectural design and space on the treatment and reformation of patients
and addicts residing in drug rehabilitation centers when applied in the local
Philippine context.
3. The project aims to study the social impact of rehabilitation centers on
the reformation of drug addicts and their re-enter back to their respective
communities.
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1.5. Significance of the Project
The need to develop a Rehabilitation Center for Drug Addiction and
Alcoholism is beneficial to the following:
To the reformation and rehabilitation of drug addicts in the Philippines, the
research and the project can provide various architectural solutions that can
render psychological and therapeutical factors seen in the social
reintegration of these users to the public.
To serve as a potential standards for the improvement in the design towards
public health care facilities in the Philippines for the benefit of their users
and their beneficiaries.
To the advancement of the architectural community, this dissertation will
provide further information on architecture in accordance to the principles
of health facilities that can be improved upon by other professionals
practicing in this field.
1.6. Scope and Delimitations
The current lack of new drug rehabilitation centers in the Philippines shall
be the mien of the project to create a basic framework as to what extent the
project aims to cater. The proposed project focuses on the design and
development of a new Rehabilitation Center for Drugs and Alcoholism.
Additionally, the project also focuses on the drug users, addicts, and pushers
in the local area. The initial research shall involve a survey for those
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currently residing at drug rehabilitation centers as to aid in the design stage
of the project.
The initial research is also designed to have thorough knowledge of
problems of the current problems in drug abuse treatment together with
common problems found in local drug rehabilitation centers.
The project, being public, will be in accordance to the local guidelines of
the Department of Health (DOH) for rehabilitation centers and treatment
facilities. Despite this, the proposed project will still integrate and focus on
applying new practical standards and technology that would aid in the
treatment of health care facilities.
1.7. Definition of Terms
- Addiction shall refer to the persistent compulsive use of a substance
known by the user to be harmful (Merriam-Webster Dictionary)
- Alcohol shall refer to ethanol especially when considered as the
intoxicating agent in fermented and distilled liquors (Merriam-Webster
Dictionary)
- Alcoholism shall refer to the a chronic disorder marked by excessive and
usually compulsive drinking of alcohol leading to psychological and
physical dependence or addiction (Merriam-Webster Dictionary)
- DOH shall refer to the Philippine Department of Health. It is the principal
health agency in the Philippines and is responsible for ensuring access to
basic public health services to all Filipinos through the provision of quality
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health care and regulation of providers of health goods and services.
(Department of Health)
- Drug shall refer to something and often an illegal substance that causes
addiction, habituation or a marked change in consciousness. (Merriam-
Webster Dictionary)
- Drug Abuse/Substance Abuse shall refer to the excessive use of a drug
(such as alcohol, narcotics, or cocaine) without medical justification
(Merriam-Webster Dictionary)
- PNP shall refer to the Philippine National Police. It is the armed, civilian
national police force of the Philippines.
- Pusher shall refer to the one that pushes illegal drugs
- Shabu shall refer to an amphetamine derivative (trade name Methedrine)
used in the form of a crystalline hydrochloride; used as a stimulant to the
nervous system and as an appetite suppressant
- Rehab/Rehabilitation shall refer to a program for rehabilitating
especially drug or alcohol abusers
- Rehabilitation Center shall refer to a facility providing therapy and
training for rehabilitation.
- UN shall refer to United Nations
- UNESCO refers to The United Nations Educational, Scientific and
Cultural Education, a specialized agency of the United Nations

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2. Chapter Two Review of Related Literature
The following are gathered and compiled materials from books, online published
journals, news articles and from internet sources all of which are related to this
proposed project.
2.1. Drug Rehabilitation and Treatment
2.1.1. Drug Addiction Treatment
Drug treatment is intended to help addicted individuals stop
compulsive drug seeking and use. Treatment can occur in a variety
of settings, take many different forms, and last for different lengths
of time. Because drug addiction is typically a chronic disorder
characterized by occasional relapses, a short-term, one-time
treatment is usually not sufficient. For many, treatment is a long-
term process that involves multiple interventions and regular
monitoring.
2.1.2. Approaches for Drug Addiction Treatment
There are a variety of evidence-based approaches to treating
addiction. Drug treatment can include behavioral therapy (such as
cognitive-behavioral therapy or contingency management),
medications, or their combination. The specific type of treatment or
combination of treatments will vary depending on the patients
individual needs and, often, on the types of drugs they use.
Treatment medications, such as methadone, buprenorphine, and
naltrexone (including a new long-acting formulation), are available

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for individuals addicted to opioids, while nicotine preparations
(patches, gum, lozenges, and nasal spray) and the medications
varenicline and bupropion are available for individuals addicted to
tobacco. Disulfiram, acamprosate, and naltrexone are medications
available for treating alcohol dependence,1 which commonly co-
occurs with other drug addictions, including addiction to
prescription medications.
Treatments for prescription drug abuse tend to be similar to those for
illicit drugs that affect the same brain systems. For example,
buprenorphine, used to treat heroin addiction, can also be used to
treat addiction to opioid pain medications. Addiction to prescription
stimulants, which affect the same brain systems as illicit stimulants
like cocaine, can be treated with behavioral therapies, as there are
not yet medications for treating addiction to these types of drugs.
Behavioral therapies can help motivate people to participate in drug
treatment, offer strategies for coping with drug cravings, teach ways
to avoid drugs and prevent relapse, and help individuals deal with
relapse if it occurs. Behavioral therapies can also help people
improve communication, relationship, and parenting skills, as well
as family dynamics.
Many treatment programs employ both individual and group
therapies. Group therapy can provide social reinforcement and help
enforce behavioral contingencies that promote abstinence and a non-
drug-using lifestyle. Some of the more established behavioral

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treatments, such as contingency management and cognitive-
behavioral therapy, are also being adapted for group settings to
improve efficiency and cost-effectiveness. However, particularly in
adolescents, there can also be a danger of unintended harmful (or
iatrogenic) effects of group treatmentsometimes group members
(especially groups of highly delinquent youth) can reinforce drug
use and thereby derail the purpose of the therapy. Thus, trained
counselors should be aware of and monitor for such effects.
Because they work on different aspects of addiction, combinations
of behavioral therapies and medications (when available) generally
appear to be more effective than either approach used alone.
2.1.3. Related Health Problems
People who are addicted to drugs often suffer from other health (e.g.,
depression, HIV), occupational, legal, familial, and social problems
that should be addressed concurrently. The best programs provide a
combination of therapies and other services to meet an individual
patients needs. Psychoactive medications, such as antidepressants,
anti-anxiety agents, mood stabilizers, and antipsychotic
medications, may be critical for treatment success when patients
have co-occurring mental disorders such as depression, anxiety
disorders (including post-traumatic stress disorder), bipolar
disorder, or schizophrenia. In addition, most people with severe
addiction abuse multiple drugs and require treatment for all
substances abused.
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2.1.4. Process of Drug Rehabilitation
Rehabilitation centers start action by readying all psychological
factor of patient, including the level of addiction of patient and their
common background, to make a decision of the way of treatment. A
patient is advised, and at times given medicine. There is whole series
of treatment to select from. Time required for recovering changes
from person to person. Money could be a main control for handling.
Mainly treatment program is expensive, other than few helpful
centers.
It is important to keep patient away from the surrounding or public
where the addiction began while selecting rehabilitation center. An
outpatient handling program is sufficient, in early period of
addiction. Those patients whose history with alcohol addiction
requires an inpatient management program wherein patients
improvement is monitored all the day and is supervised. This type of
treatment is done in a housing surrounding or in hospital that offers
control like hospital.
2.2. Alcohol and Drug Rehabilitation Centers in the Philippines
2.2.1. Expense of Drug Rehabilitation
Rehabilitation is expensive, but addressing a persons addiction
issues will cost more in the long run and can be very harmful to both
him and to the people around him. This is true particularly for severe
SUBSTANCE addiction issues such as illegal drugs and alcohol,

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which not only corrupts a persons sanity and personality, but also
causes a persons body to breakdown much faster than it should.
Every time a person abuses alcohol and drugs, it dramatically
increases the possibility of liver, brain and heart diseases. In this
situation, it is actually sensible to invest to a rehabilitation facility to
prevent further damages than to spend the money to the treatment of
its associated illnesses. Not only that it is beneficial to the health
aspect but also covers the financial side of the issue.
Seeking professional help from rehab centres is also favorable to the
familial and social aspect. Most of the programs of these facilities
include family therapies that allow family members to show their
full support to the patient. This family support systems provide the
patient the motivation and inspiration he needs in order to continue
walking on the right path. Rehab programs also involve social
reintegration so that recovering individuals will have an easier return
to the society. In fact, there are many private rehab centers in the
Philippines that provide jobs for their residents who just completed
their rehab program.
There are around 60 rehabilitation centers in the Philippines, and
most, if not all, are fully equipped to cater to the needs of drug or
alcohol addiction victims. Privately owned rehab facilities usually
cost more, with monthly prices ranging from 10,000.00 PhP
100,000.00 PhP, depending on the facility and the type of
rehabilitation that a patient may require. Government operated rehab

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centers cost less, with monthly fees ranging from 5,000.00 PhP
10,000.00 PhP. For people who cannot afford to pay for monthly
rehabilitation fees, most government-run rehab centers offer free
rehabilitation programs. All you need is to visit your local
government office to know more about the admission requirements
and what local agency can help you.
The monthly fees cover the patients stay, the rehabilitation
programs and most often, the day-to-day needs of the person. In
government operated rehab centers, daily necessities such as food
and water are taken care of by government funding, while in
privately-owned rehab centers, they usually charge additional
monthly personal allowance fees.
2.2.2. Low Rehabilitation Rate for Filipinos
In the Philippines, a lot of people suffering from drug or alcohol
addictions prefer not to have themselves rehabilitated mostly for two
reasons: the fear of being discriminated by others for having an
addiction, and the concern to the costs and fees with doubts of
whether or not the rehabilitation will succeed in taking away that
persons addictions.
This is a result of a misunderstanding of the effectiveness of
rehabilitation in the community. We need to have campaigns that
will make people aware of the danger of leaving the victims of
addiction as they are and the positive and long-term results of having
them rehabilitated. As said earlier, when viewed in the proper

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perspective, undergoing rehabilitation effectively costs less
compared to not doing anything at all. People who have been
diagnosed and treated early will expect less expenditures and will
have a better chance of recovery.
2.2.3. Disadvantages of Rehabilitation Centers
A certain mindset exists in a lot of people that prevent those with
addiction issues to have themselves rehabilitated. A lot of people
believe that treatment facilities who charge less expensive fees have
less equipment and less effective rehabilitation programs, which
cause them to conclude that having ones self rehabilitated in one of
the less expensive rehab centers, would be a complete waste of
money.
While there is truth in the fact that more expensive treatment
facilities can afford to purchase advanced equipment or construct
very comfortable spaces for the rehabilitation patients, it does not
guarantee that these facilities are the best in effectively treating drug
or alcohol addiction issues. A lot of government-run institutions
have volunteer specialists that are among the best in their field, and
design rehabilitation programs that are effective in treating addiction
issues. It goes without saying though, that the environment does
contribute to the speed of rehabilitation, which is one of the strengths
of privately owned rehab centers.

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2.2.4. The Lack of Rehabilitation Centers in the Philippines
Lack of drug rehabilitation centers as well as poor success rate in
helping substance abusers are lingering problems in the drug war.
Dangerous Drugs Board chairman Felipe Rojas Sr. told senators
during a hearing on the multi-sectoral campaign against illegal drugs
that the success rate of the rehabilitation programs was a mere 24
percent. Assistant Secretary Elmer Punzalan of the Department of
Health said that the cost of rehabilitating drug users was P10,000 per
patient per month. Ideally, each province should have at least one
rehabilitation center but the reality is that there are only four existing
regional rehabilitation centers around the country, Punzalan said.
According to Rojas, these are obviously not enough to accommodate
the drug users now surrendering for fear of being killed in the course
of the governments anti-illegal drugs campaign. All in all, there are
only 44 drug rehabilitation centers across the country and these can
only hold a maximum of 5,000 persons. Of the 44 drug rehabilitation
centers, 15 are state-run while the rest are privately operated.
2.3. Therapeutic Architecture
2.3.1. Therapeutic Community in Drug Rehabilitation
It must only be a foundation or facility in name. In essence, the
therapeutic community should become society away from society,
a shadow of reality for those with the determination or even so, the
decisive push by family and relatives to rediscover and re-coordinate

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that inner creativity self, the social and individual personality lost
through drug abuse. As argued, this type of healing process, its
residential philosophy aside (and this is where architectural design
comes in), does not usually apply to a fixed setting , but rather to
the principles of the care that is offereda communal approach
which is also democratic, collaborative and encourages
participation.
Thomas Main was the British psychoanalyst who coined this term in
the 1950s, as the response of psychoanalysis to the failure of
psychiatry, incarceration programmes which viewed addicts as mere
criminals and stigmatized them as outcasts or even mentally
disturbed through abuse, as well as purely medication approaches.
Strangely enough though the therapeutic community model
developed by Maine and other analysts was based on a world war
two experience in Britain, as army psychiatrists, who had to deal
with hundreds of traumatized soldiers returning from the front,
considered, in their desperation from the failure of the conventional
medication or one to one therapy approach, to apply a group method
that would allow those who had suffered severe distress to overcome
their psychological fears and return to the front as
physically and emotionally healthy as possible.
The psychiatrists at Northfield Hospital in Birmingham decided to
focus on the unit as a whole rather than on individual problems; they

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structured the wards as communities, encouraging mutual support
and cooperation in living.
Instead of medication treatment therefore, they provided the
necessary tools to the community of patients in dealing with their
own problems, making them part of the process with which they
could overcome their traumatic experiences. As Crampling notes,
this later became known as the living-learning method. Maine took
this and applied a psychoanalytic approach to it. Some later
appropriately dubbed it social psychiatry. It formed the beginnings
of an attempt to consider drug rehabilitation as a psychological
awakening through a group environment, in which members (not
patients) and experienced professionals interact in a setting
promoting trust and individuals are encouraged to become part of a
community with the goal of rebuilding their social skills, such as
responsibility and integration. This community philosophy
essentially places the healing process into the hands of addicts
themselves in a controlled and voluntary but not institutionalized
environment, finding methods that allow them to rebuild their ability
of dealing independently with their own problems.
Architecture fits into this process, as the outer shell providing the
necessary support to the inner self-corrective therapy. There are of
course no guarantees of success in such cases. However, at least the

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connection of interior design and community spirit as a means of
molding a socially functioning individual forms an alternative that
puts the individual first, as opposed to the medication institution like
processes that have not managed to make any headway, both in
attracting the trust of addicts who make the step to rehabilitation, as
well as eradicating existing prejudices and public opinion views. The
therapeutic community, as referred to earlier in the paper is not about
being locked in, but a home in which the individual with the need
for care, becomes part of the method of their gradual return to
physical and emotional health, they become involved in the
decision-making process, improving their creativity through the
group. The basic premise is to become the change within themselves,
to sense that even though they live in a treatment community, the
environment surrounding them is one in which they feel not part of
the problem, but part of the solution on their way to re-learning the
social process.
2.3.2. Therapeutic Architecture in Drug Rehabilitation
If drug addiction rehabilitation is mostly about bringing positive
feelings to the fore and helping to build a new identity for members
of therapeutic communities, then architectural design, is perhaps the
most decisive of factors in how space is utilized, both in practical
terms and landscape wise, to uplift the spirit and provide the
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necessary environment in which community daily life and activities
can become most effective. Christopher Day believes that buildings
have the life the architect gives them, a personality that is either
positive or negative, and that aura is captured by those who reside in
them.
The more felt are buildings, the more connected to rhythms of
daythey value the individuals they will houseenvironment can
heal as well as harmplaces of spiritnourish both individual and
society.
A host of studies have shown that the surrounding environment, the
place as a physical sense, is associated with drug addiction risks.
Starting from this premise it can be said that building design is
more than just a backdrop to health issues, but is more of a forefront.
A wide ranging research paper pointing to the need for safer
environment interventions, even though its main topic might be drug
injection in public, comes to a conclusion highly relevant to
the importance of place as both physical and social in nature.
Place is not simply a set of coordinates, but is constructed through
finding meaning in the social and built forms we inhabit.
In other words, the building, a city and the way it is designed does
not just form slabs of concrete, but is literally a social construction,
that can have an influence on those who reside in it. As outlined
earlier, this is truer of people, in this case, addicts who are in

IN TUGUEGARAO CITY
a process of rehabilitation, a tough community healing program that
seeks to root out their negativity. In such an instance, the energy and
individuality their residence might project could be crucial in how
they respond to this process. Color, the way they are able to move
within the building, staircases, connections between rooms,
surrounding nature can all play a role, as will be analyzed, not just
in underpinning the mood of the residents, but also whether they feel
welcome in the building, whether it forms a connection to their
emotions and physical presence and by extension if it provides a
motivation for them to follow the program. A rehabilitation center
in the Netherlands has left nothing to chance, paying particular
attention to natural but also artificial lighting as both aspects of mood
and energy.
Natural daylight deep in the heart of the 30 meters wide building
was allowed. The interior was enlivened by interplay of striking but
subtle color and direct and indirect artificial lighting.
The same connections are made about color, with Day pointing out
that preference in this case is highly personal. For the individual in
a therapeutic community the slightest detail in a room, be it
his personal space or a place of group therapy and activities might
affect the way the individual receives the treatment, bringing about
as negative physical or psychological reaction.

IN TUGUEGARAO CITY
How different is the living grey of an overcast sky or a blue wash
over brown to the dead grey of a concrete wall.
Clearly, a building balance or imbalance, whether be it color,
the light in a building, design or even the length of a corridor can
affect the way in which residents in a therapeutic community react
to the energy of the space and can relax and release themselves. The
example of a group therapy session in Reading, England, provides
quite an amazing example of how architectural space can play with
the psychology of the individual, particularly so when this is a
member of a therapeutic community, seeking positivity. The
Winterburn Community had moved to a new home and as described,
although the building had much more pleasant small group rooms,
the large therapy group room looked much smaller than they were
used to. And this was not the only detail. The community previously
lived in an old mental hospital, so were not used to the modern
amenities of the new abode. Even transition to new surroundings can
have its effects.
The dependency culture of being in an old asylum was
symbolized every lunch time when the food was delivered and
plugged in by a porter.
In essence, the daily life within community housing individuals who
need to feel as close to a home as possible must be designed having
buildings in mind that are both practical but also do away with any
IN TUGUEGARAO CITY
institutionalized emotions. According to Leibrock researchers in the
field of anthroposophic medicine have maintained that color can be
a major contributing factor towards patients regaining health. She
describes green as a color which is psychologically perceived as
providing safe refuge, while coral, peach and yellow are seen as
warmer choices for a dining room and blue is considered relaxing.
2.3.3. Kinesthetics and Landscaping
Kinesthesia is the exploration of our environment through
movement; this can be movement with the eyes or with
our body
The sense of movement in a space, deriving from the combination
of the Greek words kinisi and aisthisi has been said to affect the
way the individual reacts to the building, how it marks their
behaviour, mood, how it creates and maintains a positive or
negative attitude to the particular situation they are facing.
Architecture can become a strong determinant in the successful
kinesthetics of individuals, particularly in the case of people with
psychological imbalances such as drug addicts, who have joined
therapeutic communities seeking to regain the peace of their inner-
self in order to build or regain their social identity. So the way they
are able to physically interact with their surroundings, the
kinesthetics of human bodies, can be said to be decisive in how they
adapt to their daily routine in a group community.

IN TUGUEGARAO CITY
Ziada, utilizing the model of the ritual space of Muslim mosques and
Soviet assemblies, argues that building spaces for collective
activities, (much like therapeutic communities), can, through their
design, produce a positive sense of kinesthetics in individuals, who
are in situation of conjoined attention and communal practice.
For people in drug reformation this can be said to be highly relevant,
as they need to adapt to their new tasks and responsibilities and learn
new skills that can change their mobility in a positive manner. So in
other words, improving ones kinesthetic skills in a setting that
encourages techniques and therapies to do so is a highly significant
step towards an improved physical presence that also brings about
internal changes. In simple terms, building positivity produces body
positivity, as well as techniques to further improve this positivity.
Besides, movement is a major part of sensory perception. According
to Dutch architect Jasper Schaap, who co-wrote the paper Design
your own Mind in 2009, contemporary architecture must turn the
tide of its alienation, through buildings that are not monochromic
and mono-visual, spaces that participate and affect human
movement and action, designs which encourage multi-sensory
perception, bringing to the fore the power of the senses, beyond the
visual and the spatial. As the Design your own Mind researchers
point out, buildings which encourage a highly positive sense
of kinesthesia, connect with the individuals that reside in them. The
Schaap thesis is that moving through space with the body,

IN TUGUEGARAO CITY
automatically makes the architecture experience less static. What
Pallasmaa (cited in the paper) calls the eyes of the skin. If you
manage to wake up these eyes, the building immediately becomes a
source of positive energy of particular importance to drug addicts
who need to develop a new self.
If we succeed in enticing the senses, people can participate again
in their surroundings and regain their identity in the contemporary
world
A 2000 paper on a Rehabilitation and Education village for Drug
Addicts uses the same premise in designing an art therapy room.
The senses are prodded through a wide space that allows rich
daylight, distance between individuals so each one can feel the space
of their own creativity, as well as an informal furniture setting, that
further encourages a spontaneous reaction, limiting the emotion, the
perception of you will, that this is an exercise or an obligatory
activity.
But landscape can also contribute to a heightened positive
kinesthesia in therapeutic communities, with Ling providing the case
study of The Good Samaritan Regional Medical Centre in Arizona,
whereby the space triggers the senses through an award winning
health design. The surrounding garden awakens
patients senses of sight, smell and touch, prompting body
movement by inspiring the patient to explore the garden.

IN TUGUEGARAO CITY
Water flowing through the garden as well as proximity of plants to
all patients, allows, as pointed out in the Ling paper, the interactive
sense of touch.
2.4. Case Studies
2.4.1. International Case Studies (Outside Philippines)
Proyekto Hombre by Elsa Urquijo Arquitectos
This building was created in response to the need to accommodate
new facilities to the HQ of Proyecto hombre in the city of Santiago
de Compostela.
This initiative works to identify social problems that lead to
addiction and seeks to regain the autonomy and responsibility to
bring the individual back to being an active member of society.
To achieve this it is necessary to work from both a therapeutic and
educational setting. This building is devised to adopt this inclusive
idea, to accompany the individual in his recovery with its peaceful
architecture.
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The building is a shelter for the
life that takes place in it, a serene
space, unpretentious, with a
strong presence and to endure.
The approach of this work
follows a simple horizontal line,
able to visually express one
direction, movement and development.
The new headquarters of Proyecto hombre is an architectural space
that revolves around the individual. It is a multifunctional structure
that is developed in horizontal surfaces interconnected to each other
and which houses the following services: outpatient therapy area,
administrative area, residential area, workshop area and sports area.

IN TUGUEGARAO CITY
Sister Margaret Smith Addictions Treatment Centre by Kuch
Stephenson Gibson Malo Architects and Engineer + Montgomery
Sisam Architects
The Sister Margaret Smith Addictions Treatment Centre provides
residential and non-residential services for the treatment of
addictions including drug and alcohol, gambling and eating
disorders, among others.

IN TUGUEGARAO CITY
The organizing spine of
the building, called the
Hall of Recovery, is
where clients are
introduced and oriented
to this dignified, calm
and welcoming setting.
The building has been
arranged around two
landscaped courts: one for residential clients and the other for non-
residential clients. Both courts provide a safe environment and are
used for various therapeutic programmes. The spiritual space has
been designed in a circular form to be respectful of the aboriginal
community, who make up a large portion of the client population.
The St Josephs Care Group was very eager to embrace the
principles of sustainable design from the onset, particularly as they
relate to their mission to provide holistic care. It was understood
early on that a healthy building environment can be an essential part
of the healing process and that environmental stewardship equates
to compassionate care for all. The building is targeting LEED
Gold, the first in north-western Ontario. Results are pending
approval of the Canadian Green Building Council.

IN TUGUEGARAO CITY
2.4.2. Local Case Studies (Within the Philippines)
BALAY Rehabilitation Center, Diliman, Quezon City
The BALAY Rehabilitation Center, Inc. is an organization that
practices psychosocial rehabilitation and is committed to the
promotion and protection of human rights. It particularly provides
psychosocial services and advocacy support to persons deprived of
liberty due to political circumstances, survivors of torture and other
forms of organized political violence. This includes political
prisoners and individuals and communities displaced by wars and
armed conflicts. It also provides services to survivors of massacres
and extra-judicial killings and their families.
The center supports young people at risks, particularly children in
situations of armed conflicts and those who have encountered torture
and other forms of state violence. It lends humanitarian assistance to
those displaced and stricken by natural disasters as well, subjects to
its capacities and resources.
The facility upholds the integrity of all human beings as it respects
the interconnectivity of the different forms of life. It aspires for a
society where the right and dignity of every person is respected; and
where the people are free to express their ideas and political
viewpoint and can exercise without fear of oppression their options
for social, economic and cultural development.

IN TUGUEGARAO CITY
BALAY envisions a society where peoples of different ethnicity and
faith, including the children and young people, are living a
meaningful life free from fear and want and discrimination. A
society where the people can exercise informed citizenship and
practice a culture of peace as they strive to attain the development of
their full human potential.
3. Chapter Three Research Methodology
3.1. Research Proper
For better understanding and pursuance of the project, studies and research
were conducted by the researcher in order to come up with the best solution
possible. To gather the necessary data and information needed for the task,
both qualitative and quantitative methods were used to gain a broader
perspective regarding the topic.
All these methods for data gathering were required in order for the
researcher to come up with a realistic solution that will address the current
problem and condition of the site.
3.1.1. Descriptive Research
The researcher utilized this strategy to depict and underline current
conditions, circumstances, practices and structure of existing
comparable facilities.
Through compiling and analyzing different data and information
from online sources, books, reports and news articles were utilized
by the researcher to produce various results.

IN TUGUEGARAO CITY
3.1.2. Case Study Approach
Studies conducted by the researcher in similar projects and facilities
provided information on how to innovate, improve and/or create a
brand new facility into a new study or project. Evaluating and
carefully studying these case studies helped the researcher in
addressing various issues and problems and has incorporated new
design strategies and solutions for the proposed project and the
surrounding community.
3.2. Research Participants
The participants in this study were people significant to the local health and
government institutions of the city, and the city itself. Among the
participants were the current teachers, professors and administrative heads
of local health institutions, current and former political leaders of
Tuguegarao and Cagayan Province, current and former heads and positioned
staff of the Department of Health agencies, the employed workers and staff
in the local health facilities, the professional and experts in the field of
architecture and engineering involved in similar buildings, structures and
facilities, the drug users, drug addicts residing in drug treatment and
rehabilitation facilities, residents of Cagayan Province and their respective
parents and family members, local police officers and all those involved
with existing similar facilities around the Philippines.

IN TUGUEGARAO CITY
3.3. Research Instruments
Various research instruments and methods were used by the researcher
throughout the entirety of the study and research period.
3.3.1. Case Studies and Resource Centers
To make use of the descriptive research method, the researcher had
made use of online articles, journals, library books, handbooks,
archives, online articles and journals that are relevant to the study.
Topics comprising or related to design, existing conditions, policies
and programs, environmental studies, case studies, etc.
The following are vital resource centers for the researcher:
The Internet allows for the broad research of related
literature and journals from various countries that may
provide as potential case studies to the project.
The UST Central Library and the UST Medical Building
Library has a good collection of resource data and
information regarding minor information needed to support
the project proposal. Relevant data pertaining to the designs,
trends, creative industry, and Architecture related researches
are found in the Humanities section, 5th level; and for locally
related archives, data and case studies, at the Filipinana
Section, 4th level of the library.
The UST Central Library and the UST Medical Building
Library has a good collection of resource data and
information regarding minor information needed to support

IN TUGUEGARAO CITY
the project proposal. Relevant data pertaining to the designs,
trends, creative industry, and Architecture related researches
are found in the Humanities section, 5th level; and for locally
related archives, data and case studies, at the Filipinana
Section, 4th level of the library.
The DOH Central Library offers an open stack area
consisting the General Collection, WHO Publications and
DOH Publications sections. There are six OPAC stations
with access to Internet.
The Resource Center for Health System Development
(RCHSD) portal is the virtual repository of knowledge on
health system development of the Department of Health
(DOH).
National Epidemiology Center (NEC) Library provides
materials and services to meet the instructional research and
extension needs of all FETP fellows and staff that may
provide sufficient aid and relevance to the research.
3.3.2. Ocular Inspection and Site Reconnaissance
Experiencing the events, running of errands and paper works, and
careful observation of the research participants, community
members and suggested users helped the research with providing

IN TUGUEGARAO CITY
more information and workflow that will contributed to the success
of the proposed project and development.
3.3.3. Photo Documentation
This tool was used to keep track of the activities of the researcher in
times when the researcher forgot or missed out any details about the
site and its surroundings.
3.3.4. Interviews
This method was conducted by gathering information from
important and reliable informants by means of scheduling personal
interviews. The questions formulated and asked were related to the
projects feasibility, impact, relevance and other technical data that
the correspondent may give. This research method became
beneficial for the study as it provided various opinions and inputs
for the proposed project.
3.3.5. Observation Analysis
This method was conducted by gathering information from
immersion and observance in related facilities.

IN TUGUEGARAO CITY
4. Chapter Four Site Profile
This section examines the site criteria, the investigation and the different procedures
in deciding the conceivable and most reasonable site for the venture. It additionally
incorporates the history, physical profile and area of the site picked.
4.1. Site Selection Criteria
4.1.1. Land Size
For Rehabilitation Centers, a lot size of at least 400 sq.m for every
30 patients is required for the project; as required by the Department
of Health Planning Guidelines for the Manual Operations of Drug
Abuse Treatment and Rehabilitation Centers. The proposed project
will accommodate a maximum of 300 beds with the minimum area
of 4000 sq.m or 0.4 hectares.
4.1.2. Soil Character
It is recommended that the site features load-bearing type soils. At
the event that the existing site may feature soil types of clay loam,
sandy loam and similar types, the proposed project may require
additional cost for structural foundation of the facility.
4.1.3. Topography
As much as possible, site must be relatively flat for areas to be used
for medical equipment and medical aids such as wheel chairs.
Outdoor spaces for the intention of outdoor activities, may be
located in lower or higher elevations at a considerate level for

IN TUGUEGARAO CITY
disabled patients. A slope of 0%-5% is recommended, though, not
required.
4.1.4. Geological Character
Projects site does not require sloping terrains. For user safety, site
may not be located at least five (5) kilometers of any fault line.
Nearby volcanic activity will be avoided as well. Lastly, site will not
feature mines, quarries, and ore deposits as material production is
not part of project parameters.
4.1.5. Climate Character
Conditions, such as constant rain, extreme heat and humidity, will
be avoided for this project to ensure the health and wellbeing of
users. Average temperature of 28o-30o C and an average humidity
of 75%-80% is recommended.
4.1.6. Natural Features
Existing green areas are not a requirement for the project. As much
as possible, vegetation and trees at the sites perimeter may be kept
as noise buffer. Existing vegetation may be integrated into the
proposed structures planning and design. The site does not require
a body of water, natural and/or artificial.
4.1.7. Environmental Concerns
Project aims to be as minimally intrusive as possible. Protected
wildlife and forest areas will be off limits for the institution. Site
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will not be located along coastal areas as well. Additionally, it is
recommended that the project is not located in heritage districts.
4.1.8. Accessibility and Transportation
Site must be accessible to members of Class C-D. Public utility
vehicles (PUV), bus, jeepneys and other modes of alternative
transport must have routes that pass through the area.
4.1.9. Adjacent Structures
Existing establishments are not a requirement, but it is recommended
that the site may be supplemented by nearby surrounding facilities
(at least 2 kilometers away) like hospitals, government buildings and
other institutional buildings that may be considered as nearby
relevant infrastructure to aid the project. It is also recommended to
avoid nearby commercial and residential areas as to include the
consideration of privacy for the users of the proposed rehabilitation
center.
4.1.10. Security
Site may be located away from illegal housing settlements to prevent
unwanted interventions in the health facility. A nearby police
outpost or center is not required, though, the presence of one will
greatly aid the project.

IN TUGUEGARAO CITY
4.1.11. Utilities
Utilities, such as electricity, and water supply, must be provided for
site. Connection to main sewage line is a consideration as project
will produce a moderate volume of wastewater. Garbage collection
routes must also pass through site.
4.1.12. Land Value
Considering budget constraints, site selection will be restricted to
low cost areas. Special provisions for high cost areas may be
allowed, given donors/sponsors are available for the project.
4.2. Site Justification
Amidst the current drug war in the Philippines, multiple regions and
provinces have joined the agenda of putting up more rehabilitation centers
to accommodate the increasingly growing rate of drug surrenderees around
the Philippines. The researcher had decided to choose a site that would need
most a Drug Rehabiliation Facility in its area. As of September 2016, it was
drastically announced that Region 2 (Cagayan Valley Region) would need
more rehabilitation centers in its 4 provinces. In these 4 provinces, Cagayan
Province prevailed with the most number of drug surrenderees with the
highest population of 7,528, with Isabela Province coming at second with
6,588. It was then decided by the researcher to choose Tuguegarao City, as
the chosen site due to its institutional context to the proposed Rehabiliation
Center of the researcher and designer, and the city being the Institutional
Capital of Cagayan Province.

IN TUGUEGARAO CITY
4.3. Macro Site Analysis
4.3.1. Historical Background
4.3.1.1. History of Name
There are several versions of the origin of the name,
Tuguegarao. One is the abundance of "tarrao" trees in the
area. Another is "garrao" meaning swift current, possibly
of the Pinacanauan River. Another is from the word
"tuggui" meaning fire. Another recorded version is, the
town was formerly called Twerao by the people of the
northern towns. Still another is that the name Tuguegarao
comes from two Ibanag words "tuggui" (fire) and
"aggao" (day), possibly referring to a daytime fire that
happened in the town.
However, the version most accepted is that the name
Tuguegarao comes from the sentence "Tuggui gari yaw",
meaning "This was cleared by fire" possibly referring to
the kaingin areas pointed by the natives to the Spaniards.
This means therefore that the town, Tuguegarao, was
carved out of the wilderness by fire

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4.3.2. Demographics
4.3.2.1. Tuguegarao City
Based on the 2010 Census of Population and Housing
(CPH), Tuguegarao City, a second-class component city
in the province of Cagayan, Region II, posted a total
population of 153,502 persons as of May 1, 2010. The
city currently has the highest population among the cities
in Region 2.
4.3.2.2. Household Profile
Tuguegarao City has an average of 4.7 persons per
household, which is higher than the national average of
4.6 in the Philippines.
4.3.2.3. Drug Dependency
There is currently no drug-free barangays in the
Tuguegarao City. Cagayan province has the highest
population of drug surrenderees compared to its
neighboring provinces in the region with an estimated
population of 7,528 surrenderees.
4.3.3. Land Use and Zoning
4.3.3.1. Land Area
Tuguegarao City, a second-class component city of
Region 2, has an area of 144,800 hectares, or 144.8 sq. It
is politically divided into 49 barangays, 31 of which are
urban.
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4.3.3.2. Land Use
Existing Land Use Map for the City of Davao (2011)

IN TUGUEGARAO CITY
Detailed Land Use Plan for the City of Tuguegarao (1993-2022)

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4.4.3.3. General Site Zoning
Institutional Zone
Tuguegarao City is considered both the regional center
of Region 2 (Cagayan Valley) and the institutional
capital of Cagayan Province. The city currently has 3
major institutional zones and barangays namely, Centro,
Carig and Cagay with each one having a number of
institutional and government buildings within.
4.3.4. Geotechnical Information
4.3.4.1. Geographical Location
Tuguegarao City is located at the Northern part of
mainland Luzon covering an area of about 26,858 sq. km
or about 2.7 hectares. It is located on a peninsula
surrounded by the Cagayan and Pinacanauan Rivers. The
Pinacanauan joins the Cagayan River in Tuguegarao. It
is bounded on the east by the Sierra Mountain Range, on
the west by the Caraballo and Cordillera Ranges, and on
the north by the South China Sea.
4.3.4.2. Topography
Due to the citys perimeter being surrounded by the
Cagayan River and Pinacanauan River.

IN TUGUEGARAO CITY
4.3.4.3. Climate
Tuguegarao City owns the highest temperature ever
recorded in the Philippines at 42.2 degrees Celsius or
108.0 degrees Fahrenheit. Average temperatures of the
city during March and April is at 38 degrees Celsius or
100 degrees Fahrenheit, one of the highest in the
Philippines.
4.3.4.4. Soil
The soil in and around Tuguegarao consists of clayey soil
in the hilly areas and the sand and sand/gravel in the
alluvial plain. Abundant fine sand is distributed along the
rivers and waterways of the city. The sand could be
recommended to be used as embankment for structures
to save the amount of the expensive clay material due to
long distances required for transportation and how
existing clay soils within the city are vulnerable to
erosion.
4.3.4.5. Slope
About 26% of the total area of the region or 5,021.48 sq.
kms. has slope range of 0-8%. These areas, which maybe
for non-forest purposes, e.g. agriculture, industries and
settlement.
IN TUGUEGARAO CITY
4.3.4.6. Water Resources
Tuguegarao city is bordered by two bodies of water,
namely Cagayan River at its north and the Pinacanauan
River at its south. The main water system in Tuguegarao
is run by The Metropolitan Tuguegarao Water District
(MTWD), a local government-run water district, to serve
the water needs of the city
4.3.4.7. Infrastructure
Tuguegarao City, being considered the regional center of
Region 2 and institutional capital of the Cagayan
Province, houses a great number of health, government
and educational institutions within the city. The city also
currently houses one of the 4 airports of Region 2,
namely Tuguegarao Airport. The Tuguegarao Airport
was classified as secondary, which services mainly to the
nearby citys institutional centers and its locality. As of
January 2017, there are currently five (5) proposed and
approved major infrastructure projects on their way in the
city ; Rehabilitation of Tuguegarao Airport, Declogging
of Existing Drainage Canal of Tuguegarao Airport,
Construction of School Library Building of Tuguegarao
West Central School, Construction of One (1) Storey
Classroom Building in Carig Sur Elementary School, and
the Construction of One (1) Storey Primary School in

IN TUGUEGARAO CITY
Carig Norte. There is currently no proposed
rehabilitation center for drug addiction amidst the citys
high rate of drug surrenderees.
Tuguegarao city also accommodates other infrastructure
namely, bus/jeep/taxi terminals, carbarns, depots, freight
storage and buildings, airport and related facilities,
piers/harbords/dockyards, power plants/stations,
telecommunication facilities, water pumping stations,
seaports and other related facilities
4.4. Micro Site Analysis
For better understanding and pursuance of the project, studies and research
were conducted by the researcher in order to come up with the best solution
possible. To gather the necessary data and information needed for the task,
both qualitative and quantitative methods were used to gain a broader
perspective regarding the topic.
Adjacent structures are factors to be considered in analyzing a project site.
More than the immediate structure of the site, areas of interests within the
particular ranges of the site can also be checked that they may be beneficial
to the proposed project.

IN TUGUEGARAO CITY
20km Radius from Site
5km Radius from Site

IN TUGUEGARAO CITY
4.4.1. Vicinity
Location Map
Vicinity Map
IN TUGUEGARAO CITY
4.4.2. Site Profile
The site is located at the barangay of Carig Norte across the Police
Regional Center of Tuguegarao. Carig Norte houses the major
institutional zones in the city. The site is within one of the regional
institutional zones with close proximity to other relevant
institutional facilities in the area within a kilometer or two away..
Nearby facilities and institutions include the Police Regional Center,
Medical Colleges of Northern Philippines. The Cagayan Valley
Medical Center Drug Testing Laboratory, Cagayan Provincial
Capitol and the Carig Regional Center which houses the main
government buildings and institutions in Tuguegarao.
4.4.2.1. Land Profile
The chosen site is a 1.1 hectare or 11,325 sqm. parcel of
land located at Barangay Carig Norte, Cagayan Province.
Its land area is justified as the proposed project will
function as a residential-sprawling type of rehabilitation
center in the province.
4.4.2.2. Soil Character
Carig Norte has two soil types namely 570-Carig Clay
Loam and 571-Carig Loam. Carig Clay Loam has a scope
of 46,405 hectares in the two barangays of Carig (Carig
Sur and Carig Norte) as well as near municilipalities such
as Baggao, Iguig, Lal-lo, Gattaaran and Lasam.

IN TUGUEGARAO CITY
4.4.2.3. Topography
The site is located at a leveled ground. The slop does not
exceed 5% making development of the proposed project
more feasible.
4.4.2.4. Flood Map
The site of the proposed project is situated 2 kilometers
away from the banks of the Pinacanauan River. Despite
this, the site does not have any present flood risk with the
lowest risk level in DPWHs Flood Hazard Map of
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan Province.

IN TUGUEGARAO CITY
IN TUGUEGARAO CITY
4.4.2.5. Geological Character
The site of the proposed project is situated 2 kilometers
away from the banks of the Pinacanauan River. Despite
this, the site does not have any present flood risk with the
lowest risk level in DPWHs Flood Hazard Map of
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan Province.
4.4.2.6. Climate Character
The climate of the proposed projects site is very tropical.
Tuguegarao owns the highest temperature ever recorded
in the Philippines at 42.2 degrees Celsius or 108.0
degrees Fahrenheit. Average temperatures of the city
during March and April is at 38 degrees Celsius or 100
degrees Fahrenheit, one of the highest in the Philippines.
4.4.2.7. Natural Features
The site presents a dense number of existing trees and
vegetation within and just outside the lot and road
boundaries. Addition of greenery within the proposed
project is recommended.
4.4.2.8. Environmental Concerns
The site is not classified as a natural conservation area
and is located within an institutional zone of the region
and thus allows for the construction of a rehabilitation
center.
IN TUGUEGARAO CITY
4.4.2.9. Transportation and Accessibility
The site is located along a two way road that connects to
a main highway Pan-Philippine Highway that connects
to other main barangays of the city. The site is also
located at an estimate of 2 kilometers away from the
Tuguegarao Airport, the only existing airport inside the
city.
4.4.2.10. Adjacent Structures
The site is located across to the Police Regional Center
of Tuguegarao with other no other existing buildings
beside it as security and privacy are two factors majorly
considered in the proposed project. That said, the site is
1-2 kilometers away from other institutional buildings of
the regional area.
4.5. Site Analysis
The site is a 1.7 hectare site located at the barangay of Carig Norte across
the Police Regional Center of Tuguegarao. Carig Norte houses the major
institutional zones in the city. The site is within one of the regional
institutional zones with close proximity to other relevant institutional
facilities in the area within a kilometer or two away.. Nearby facilities and
institutions include the Police Regional Center, Medical Colleges of
Northern Philippines. The Cagayan Valley Medical Center Drug Testing
Laboratory, Cagayan Provincial Capitol and the Carig Regional Center

IN TUGUEGARAO CITY
which houses the main government buildings and institutions in
Tuguegarao.
As seen in the figure below, there are not obstructions, natural/and or
artificial, that shield the site from the natural elements. Surrounding
development is categorized as institutional and residential.
4.5.1. S.W.O.T. (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats)
Analysis
4.5.1.1. Strengths
The site is located right across the Police Regional Office
which greatly pertains to better security and safety
considerations for the site and the proposed project. The

IN TUGUEGARAO CITY
sites location also adds to the privacy of the users of the
facility.
4.5.1.2. Weaknesses
The site is only accessible through one existing road that
may be difficult to find without landmarks. Although
privacy and security being two of the major
considerations, its seclusion from the public may create
a negative social impact for the users of the proposed
rehabilitation facility.
4.5.1.3. Opportunities
The site is located within 1-2 kilometers away from
relevant institutional facilities like the Medical Colleges
of Northern Philippines and the Cagayan Valley Medical
Center Drug Testing Laboratory. This creates
opportunities for further research from these institutions
that may aid help the project, the facility and its users.
4.5.1.4. Threats
The site does not show any threats pertaining to flooding,
but due to the city and the provinces geography over the
Philippine archipelago, the site may be bound to weather
abnormalities like extreme heat and rain fall. The site is
not near nor on an existing fault line in the area/region.

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5. Chapter Five Project Profile
5.1. Market Analysis
5.2. Profile of the Client
The Department of Health (DOH) holds the over-all technical authority on
health as it is a national health policy-maker and regulatory institution.
Basically, the DOH has three major roles in the health sector: (1) leadership
in health; (2) enabler and capacity builder; and (3) administrator of specific
services. Its mandate is to develop national plans, technical standards, and
guidelines on health. Aside from being the regulator of all health services
and products, the DOH is the provider of special tertiary health care services
and technical assistance to health providers and stakeholders.
Together with its attached agencies, the DOH constituted of various
central bureaus and services in the Central Office, Centers for Health
Development (CHD) in every region, and DOH-retained hospitals
performs its roles to continuously improve the countrys health care system.
5.3. Vision and Mission
Vision by 2030 A global leader for attaining better health outcomes,
competitive and responsive health care system, and equitable health
financing.
Mission To guarantee equitable, sustainable and quality health for all
Filipinos, especially the poor, and to lead the quest for excellence in health.
IN TUGUEGARAO CITY
5.4. Company Core Values
While pursuing its vision, the DOH adheres to the highest values of work,
which are:
Integrity The Department believes in upholding truth and pursuing
honesty, accountability, and consistency in performing its functions.
Excellence The DOH continuously strive for the best by fostering
innovation, effectiveness and efficiency, pro-action, dynamism, and
openness to change.
Compassion and respect for human dignity Whilst DOH upholds the
quality of life, respect for human dignity is encouraged by working with
sympathy and benevolence for the people in need.
Commitment With all our hearts and minds, the Department commits
to achieve its vision for the health and development of future
generations.
Professionalism The DOH performs its functions in accordance with
the highest ethical standards, principles of accountability, and full
responsibility.
Teamwork The DOH employees work together with a result-oriented
mindset.
Stewardship of the health of the people Being stewards of health for
the people, the Department shall pursue sustainable development and
care for the environment since it impinges on the health of the Filipinos.
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5.5. Corporate Culture
5.6. Organizational Structure
5.6.1. The Philippine Department of Health (DOH)
5.6.1.1. Organizational Structure
At present, the Department is headed by the Secretary of
Health, with five undersecretaries and seven assistant
secretaries.
Undersecretary for Health Regulation
Undersecretary for Field Implementation and
Management
Undersecretary for Health Service Development
Undersecretary for Technical Services
Undersecretary for Policy and Health Systems
Undersecretary for Administration, Finance and
Procurement
Assistant Secretary for Technical Services
Assistant Secretary for Administration, Finance and
Procurement
Assistant Secretary for Special Concerns
Assistant Secretary for Health Regulation
Assistant Secretary for Field Implementation and
Management
Assistant Secretary for Mindanao Cluster

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Bureaus
The DOH is composed of bureaus, namely:
Epidemiology Bureau (formerly National Epidemiology
Center)
Bureau of Health Devices and Technology
Bureau of Health Facilities and Services
Bureau of International Health Cooperation
Bureau of Local Health Systems Development
Bureau of Quarantine
Disease Prevention and Control Bureau (formerly
National Center for Disease Prevention and Control)
Food and Drug Administration
Health Emergency Management Bureau
Health Facility Development Bureau (formerly
National Center For Health Facilities Development)
Health Human Resources Development Bureau
Health Policy Development and Planning Bureau

IN TUGUEGARAO CITY
5.6.1.2. Organizational Chart
5.6.2. Drug Rehabilitation Center
The proposed drug rehabilitation center shall be a legally constituted
entity. For a single proprietorship, it must be registered with the
Department of Trade and Industry and for a corporate entity, it must
be registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Its
organization and structure shall contribute effectively to the goals of
Republic Act 9165. It shall develop broad community and
professional acceptance in order to implement the goals effectively.
The organization shall clearly define the purpose, scope, direction
and goals of the Center. It shall document and disseminate the
Centers values, vision statement, mission and philosophy.
5.6.3. Classification of the Proposed Drug Rehabilitation Center
5.6.3.1. Ownership
Government the proposed drug rehabilitation center
shall be maintained and operated partially and wholly by
the city and municipal government of Tuguegarao.
5.6.3.2. Institutional Character
Freestanding the proposed drug rehabilitation center
shall operate separately from any other institution.

IN TUGUEGARAO CITY
5.6.3.3. Service Capability
Residential (In-Patient) the proposed drug
rehabilitation center shall provice comprehensive
rehabilitation services utilizing, among others, any of the
accepted modalities: Multidisciplinary Team Approach,
Therapeutic Community Approach and/or Spiritual
Services towards the rehabilitation of a drug dependent.
5.7. User Profile
5.7.1. Personnel Requirement
5.7.1.1. General Qualifications for Personell
Must be drug free
Must have no pending administrative or criminal
records
Must be mentally and physically fit
With good moral character
If foreigner, working permit is issued by the Bureau
of Immigration and Deportation (BI) is required
5.7.1.2. Residential Treatment and Rehabilitation Center
A. One (1) Center/Program Director/Administrator
1. Minimum of three (3) years experience as
rehabilitation worker;
2. Adequate training not only on the modality being
utilized but also other training pertinent to

IN TUGUEGARAO CITY
treatment and rehabilitation and/or background in
any behavioural sciences; and
3. At least two (2) years college education
4. If former drug dependent, must be drug free for
three (3) years
5. Duties and Responsibilities:
Coordinates all medical, social,
psychological, and spiritual services of the
Center;
Directly responsible for the day to day
activities and needs of the Center;
Oversees the entire rehabilitation program;
Responsible for the residential needs,
maintenance, upkeep and security of the
Center;
Responsible for the personnel management of
the Center
Provides policy direction for the Center
B. One (1) DOH Accredited Physician (On Call)
1. Directly responsible for the diagnosis, treatment
of all medical, minor surgical, psychological
problems of patients
2. Oversees the entire treatment process

IN TUGUEGARAO CITY
3. Responsible for writing progress report and
submit medical reports and other pertinent
documents
4. In coordination with other staff, he/she
recommends for discharge, transfer or referral of
patients
5. Performs other duties and functions that are
relevant to the position.
C. One (1) Licensed Dentist (on Call)
1. Attends to all dental referrals
relevant to the position
D. One (1) Licensed Nurse/Midwife ratio: 1 nurse for
every 50 patients
1. Assists the physician in the treatment process
2. Does regular visitation to every patient
3. Administers medication as prescribed by the
physician
4. Provides counselling to patients
5. Attends to emergency cases
E. One (1) Licensed Social Worker ratio: 1 for every
50 patients
IN TUGUEGARAO CITY
1. Conducts social case studies for all admitted
patients in the Center
2. Assess the social status of the patient;
3. Responsible for house visits;
4. Conducts counselling
F. One (1) Psychologist ratio 1 for every 50 patients
1. Responsible for psychological testing and
evaluation for all admitted patients
2. Provides psychological counselling
3. Conducts psychological and behavioral program
of the Center
G. One (1) Clerk ratio: 1 clerk for every 100 patients
1. Ensures confidentiality of all records of patients
2. Ensures cleanliness and orderliness in the office
H. Non-professional Staff - ratio 4 staff for every 100
patients
1. Supervises the preparation of well-balanced diet
of the patients
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2. Maintains the cleanliness and orderliness of the
facility
3. Goes on periodic duty
4. Provides security
5. Performs other functions/tasks as assigned
5.8. Schedule of Activities/Operations
On September 19, 2016, the Dangerous Drugs Board passed Board
Regulation No. 4, Series of 2016, entitled OPLAN SAGIP Guidelines on
Voluntarily Surrender of Drug Users and Dependents and Monitoring
Mechanism of Barangay Anti-Drug Abuse Campaigns. Apart from
establishing clear guidelines in dealing with drug personalities who
voluntarily submit themselves to authorities, the regulation also mandated
Local Government Units (LGUs) through their Anti-Drug Abuse Councils
(ADACs) to facilitate the establishment of community-based treatment and
rehabilitation services and interventions to surrenderers found to be of low-
risk or having mild substance use disorder. Based on statistics, this comprise
at least 90% of drug users.

IN TUGUEGARAO CITY
5.8.1. Client Flow for Wellness and Recovery

IN TUGUEGARAO CITY
5.8.2. Community Based Treatment
Pre Implementation Voluntary Surrender
5.9. Legal Framework
Republic Act 9165, otherwise known as Comprehensive Dangerous Drug
Act of 2002, mandates the Department of Health to regulate, oversee and
monitor the integration, coordination and supervision of all drug
rehabilitation, intervention, aftercare and follow- up programs, projects and
activities as well as the establishment, operations, maintenance and
management of Drug Abuse Treatment and Rehabilitation Centers
nationwide
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5.10. Project Analysis
6. Chapter Six Technical Research Data Presentation
6.1. Hydrological Study
6.2.
7. Chapter Seven Spatial Programming and Analysis
The proposed drug rehabilitation center shall be exclusively for the treatment and
rehabilitation of drug dependents. The Center shall not provide services to patients
with primary psychotic behaviour. Patients exhibiting psychosis as a result or
consequence of certain dangerous drug use shall be referred to a psychiatric care
facility. However, patients with borderline psychosis may be admitted or be allowed
to stay in the Center provided that there is a psychiatrists order and if it poses no
harm to the other patients.
7.1. List of Space Requirements
The center shall have at least 400 square meters (for 30 patients) for the
following:
A. Registration area/waiting area/reception
B. Counselling/testing room
C. Administrative office/Directors office (with secured storage files)
D. Emergency clinic must be located near the area where the center
E. personnel are on duty
F. Living quarters, separate rooms for male and female
G. Toilet/bath/lavatory one for every 10 patients
H. Multipurpose area/recreational area
I. Dining area
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J. Kitchen area with provision to secure/lock all sharp objects
K. Area for outdoor activity
7.2. Room Data Sheet
7.3. Summary of Area Requirements
L. Registration area/waiting area/reception
M. Counselling/testing room
N. Administrative office/Directors office (with secured storage files)
O. Emergency clinic must be located near the area where the center
P. personnel are on duty
Q. Living quarters, separate rooms for male and female
R. Toilet/bath/lavatory one for every 10 patients
S. Multipurpose area/recreational area
T. Dining area
U. Kitchen area with provision to secure/lock all sharp objects
V. Area for outdoor activity
7.4. Adjacency Matrix
7.5. Bubble Diagram

IN TUGUEGARAO CITY

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A PROPOSED REHABILITATION COMMUNITY FOR DRUG AND

ALCOHOL ADDICTS IN TUGUEGARAO CITY

A Thesis Proposal Submitted to the

Table of Contents Page No.

4.1.7. Environmental Concerns40

1. Chapter One Introduction

drugs or alcohol (also known as substance addiction), or modern addictions such as

Addiction is defined as a chronic, often relapsing brain disease characterized by

voluntary, whether experimenting recreationally or having been prescribed

step toward taking back control of ones life.

many Filipino communities.

1.1. Background and Nature of the Project

Following the start of the current Philippine Governments war on drugs,

A US government report in 2009 concluded that illegal drug use was a

significant problem in the Philippines due to corruption and poor law

enforcement. There was particular concern expressed about the amount of

methamphetamine (shabu) and cannabis production in the area. Drug

addiction appears to be on the rise in the Philippines. There are believed to

the Philippines continues to be Alcohol they are the second highest

consumers of alcoholic drinks in South East Asia.

Currently, rehabilitation is the most common and effective form of getting

people out of their addictions.

In the Philippines, there are only 48 accredited rehabilitation centers (or

across a country that is home to more than 98 million Filipinos, which is

quite concerning considering the growing number of addiction cases in the

with withdrawal symptoms, which can be dangerous if not addressed

accordingly. These symptoms occur when a dependent chooses to abstain

serious health issues. Rehabilitation centers provide medical treatments in

coordination with a licensed physician of a legitimate hospital.

setting. Inpatient and outpatient rehab facilities are also available.

can still be effective, even if they were initially reluctant to go.

1.2. Statement of the Problem

the growing population of drug surrenderees around the Philippines, it is

addiction issues or get the chance to be accommodated in these facilities.

leads to the worsening of addiction cases, resulting in bigger problems in

the future. Moreover, substance abuse related problems such as domestic

people who are innocent.

are in addressing the addiction issues in our country.

Rehabilitation is not an overnight solution; there is no scientific solution that

can guarantee the procedures used in these treatment institutions will

ensure that the results are long-lasting and effective.

1.3. Project Goals

global goals known as the Sustainable Development Goals that act as a

peace and justice.

sustainable goals listed below:

1. To end poverty in all its forms everywhere,

3. Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable

development, provide access to justice for all and build effective,

accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels.

proposed rehabilitation center is to set new standards, in terms of design and

operation, for public health care and rehabilitation facilities in the

1.4. Project Objectives

drug addiction in the province of Cagayan.

2. The project aims to study the significance and effects of therapeutic

architectural design and space on the treatment and reformation of patients

3. The project aims to study the social impact of rehabilitation centers on

1.5. Significance of the Project

The need to develop a Rehabilitation Center for Drug Addiction and

Alcoholism is beneficial to the following:

To the reformation and rehabilitation of drug addicts in the Philippines, the

render psychological and therapeutical factors seen in the social

reintegration of these users to the public.

To serve as a potential standards for the improvement in the design towards

and their beneficiaries.