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STRUCTURAL CONCRETE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART 1 GENERAL............................................................................................................ 1
1.04 REFERENCES..................................................................................................... 2
1.05 SUBMITTALS....................................................................................................... 5
3.02 FORMWORK...................................................................................................... 30
PART 1 GENERAL
A. This Section covers the requirements for receiving, forming, placing, consolidating,
finishing, jointing, curing and all other work required for cast-in-place concrete.
A. Cast-In-Place Concrete
D. Concrete Finishes
1.04 REFERENCES
A. The referred codes and standards are intended to provide an acceptable level of
quality for materials, products and workmanship. In case of conflict between these
standards and the text of this Specification, the Specification text shall govern.
B. The latest revision of the referred codes and standards shall be used wherever
applicable. In case of conflict, the Contractor shall propose equipment, materials and
processes conforming to one group of codes and standards.
10. ACI 302.1R Guide for Concrete Floor and Slab Construction
Placing Concrete
10. ASTM C127 Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density
(Specific Gravity), and Absorption of Coarse
Aggregate
11. ASTM C128 Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density
(Specific Gravity), and Absorption of Fine Aggregate
13. ASTM C136 Standard Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and
Coarse Aggregates
14. ASTM C138M Standard Test Method for Density (Unit Weight),
Yield, and Air Content (Gravimetric) of Concrete
15. ASTM C142 Standard Test Method for Clay Lumps and Friable
Particles in Aggregates
18. ASTM C171 Standard Specification for Sheet Materials for Curing
Concrete
20. ASTM C173M Standard Test Method for Air Content of Freshly
Mixed Concrete by the Volumetric Method
21. ASTM C192M Standard Practice for Making and Curing Concrete
Test Specimens in the Laboratory
22. ASTM C231 Standard Test Method for Air Content of Freshly
Mixed Concrete by the Pressure Method
29. ASTM C618 Standard Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or
Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use as a Mineral
Admixture in Concrete
34. ASTM C1240 Standard Specification for Use of Silica Fume for Use
as a Mineral Admixture in Hydraulic-Cement
Concrete, Mortar, and Grout
35. ASTM D512 Standard Test Methods for Chloride Ion in Water
36. ASTM D516 Standard Test Method for Sulfate Ion in Water
1.05 SUBMITTALS
A. The Contractor shall submit to the Royal Commission, under the provisions of
SECTION 01330, the following items for review and approval before commencing
Work:
1. All design mixes shall be submitted, using the Standard Mix Design
Presentation for each class of concrete.
Admixture Type :
______________________________________
5. Delivery tickets shall be received from the concrete supplier for each delivery
truck and retained by the Contractor for inspection at any time by the Royal
Commission. The Contractor shall complete and sign the ticket and fill in those
items of its responsibility. Setting forth the following information:
c) Date of delivery.
d) Name of Purchaser.
i) Slump ordered.
j) Air content.
p) Time concrete mixing started (if dry, time cement added to aggregate).
7. Crack Control
8. Summary of Submittals
a) Table 1A is the listing and frequency of reports that the Contractor shall
submit during the course of the work to the Royal Commission for review
and approval.
9. Schedules
a) The Contractor shall prepare and submit working schedules for the
dates and rate of placing concrete for each item of work.
A. The Contractor shall be responsible for the quality of work and shall develop and
propose programs and methods of construction and testing such as to achieve the
specified quality to the approval of the Royal Commission in accordance with
SECTION 01450.
1. The Contractor shall at all time have a Quality Control Supervisor and one or
more inspectors on-site who are charged with the specific responsibility of
quality control as described in SECTION 01450.
2. During the placing of concrete, the Quality Control Supervisor shall provide for
continuous inspection of delivered concrete and other concrete construction
activities in accordance with ACI SP 2 Manual of Inspection and CIRIA SP 31
Guide to Concrete Construction.
b) One set of 3 test specimens from each 50 m3, or fraction thereof, shall
be provided for each class of concrete placed. Provide at least 1 set of
test specimens for each class of concrete placed in each 8 hour shift.
Samples shall be secured In accordance with ASTM C172. Extra sets of
cylinders shall be taken by the Contractor as required.
c) In case of need for one sample testing, core samples shall be obtained
and tested in accordance with ASTM C42M.
4. The Quality Control Supervisor shall maintain reports and records for all
necessary inspection and testing including but not limited to those items listed
herein below:
Reinforcement
Embedded Metal
Embedded Pipe
Water Proofing
Cleanliness and Access
Verification of Rate of Placement: M/HR
Provision for Hot Weather Concreting
Hold Point Released
Date of Placement
1. Weather
2. Temperature
3. Rate of Placement
4. Curing Method
5. Type of Equipment Used
6. Quantity of Concrete placed
7. Type of Finish
8. Start Time
9. Finish Time
10. Slump-Specified/Actual
11. Was Water Added at Site?
_________________________
Contractors Q.C. Engineer
d) Stop any work that is not being done in accordance with this
Specification.
e) Report within 24 hours and provide records to, and as required by, the
Royal Commission upon discovery of non-compliance.
C. Any concrete which is ultimately deemed by the Royal Commission not to comply
with this Specification shall be removed and replaced.
3. Contractor
B. In the absence of any of the above, best accepted industry practice shall be
employed throughout.
B. Each class of concrete may consist of one or more mixes determined by the
maximum size of aggregate, slump and type of admixtures or special aggregates
used.
C. Each mix within a class shall be considered a specific type requiring approval of the
design mix.
Plain 300 0
C20*** Fly Ash 20 B 0 0 0.40
Silica Fume 0 0
Plain 310 0
C25a Fly Ash 25 A 248 62 0.40
Silica Fume 279 25
Plain 330 0
C25b Fly Ash 25 B 268 62 0.40
Silica Fume 297 26
Plain 350 0
C25u Fly Ash 25 A 280 70 0.40
Silica Fume 315 28
Plain 330 0
C30a Fly Ash 30 A 268 62 0.40
Silica Fume 297 26
Plain 350 0
C30b Fly Ash 30 B 280 70 0.40
Silica Fume 315 28
Plain 375 0
C35 Fly Ash 35 A or B 300 75 0.40
Silica Fume 338 30
Plain 400 0
C40 Fly Ash 40 A or B 320 80 0.40
Silica Fume 360 32
A. The design mixes for each class of concrete shall be in accordance with the
requirements of ACI 318RM and shall meet the requirements of Table 1C. The
design mixes shall be prepared by an approved design laboratory and accepted by
the Royal Commission to produce the result as specified herein. Concrete shall be
sampled in accordance with ASTM C172 and specimens made and cured in
accordance with ASTM C192M.
B. When a design mix for any class of concrete has been accepted by the Royal
Commission, it shall not be changed as to source, quality, proportioning, or grading of
materials, unless approved otherwise in writing by the Royal Commission.
A. The Contractor shall deliver, handle and store materials in accordance with
SECTIONS 01650 and 01660, as well as the following requirements:
2. Aggregates shall not be transferred directly from trucks, railroad cars, barges
or washing facilities to the proportioning bins when moisture content of the
aggregates is such that it will affect the accuracy of the proportioning of the
concrete mix. In such cases, the aggregates shall be stockpiled until the
excess moisture drains off.
PART 2 PRODUCTS
2.01 GENERAL
A. All goods and products covered by these Specifications shall be procured, when
available, from an in-Kingdom manufacturer. Procurement of all goods and products
manufactured out-of-Kingdom must be approved by the Royal Commission.
2.02 MATERIALS
A. Portland Cement
B. Fine Aggregate
1. Fine aggregate shall consist of clean, sharp, natural sand free from loam, clay,
lumps, or other deleterious substances with rounded or sub-rounded particles.
Fine aggregate shall be selected to comply with the requirements of
ASTM C33 and test requirements therein and with requirements specified in
Table 2A below. Natural sand may need to be washed with potable water to
achieve these requirements.
C. Coarse Aggregate
1. Coarse and fine aggregates shall be combined to require the least amount of
sand (passing 4.75 mm) and mixing water. The gradation limits for mix designs
and tolerances for the control of approved mix design gradations shall be as
specified in Table 2C below:
E. Water
a) Water shall be free from impurities, oil, acid, salts, alkali, organic matter
and other potentially deleterious substances when examined in
accordance with ASTM C94M.
b) In any case that potable water is not available, the use of water with
chemical contents in accordance with SASO SSA 1068, shall not
exceed the following limits:
F. Mineral Admixtures
1. Silica Fume
2. Fly Ash
a) Fly ash shall conform to ASTM C618 requirements for Class F fly ash
G. Blended Cement
1. The blended cement shall meet the requirements for cement and shall conform
to all other requirements of ASTM C595.
Type Description
A Water-reducing
B Retarding
C Accelerating
D Water-reducing and retarding
E Water-reducing and accelerating
F Water-reducing, high-range
G Water-reducing, high-range, and retarding
3. Calcium Chloride
I. Air-Entrained Concrete
J. Form Materials
K. Reinforcing Bars
L. Waterproofing Membrane
M. Dampproofing
N. Accessories
c) The non-shrink cementitious grout shall be used for static loading, and
the non-shrink epoxy grout shall be used for machinery and vibrating
equipment.
2. Joint Materials
a) Waterstops
1) Waterstops shall be flat, dumbbell type or centerbulb type
waterstops at construction joints and other joints, as shown on the
Contract Drawings. Web thickness shall be not less than 5 mm for
widths up to 120 mm, and not less than 10 mm for widths 120 mm
and over.
2) Waterstops materials shall be as follows:
(a) Rubber waterstops shall comply with Corps of Engineers
COE CRD C513.
(b) Polyvinyl chloride waterstops shall comply with Corps of
Engineers COE CRD C572.
2.03 CURING
A. Curing Materials
a) Impervious Sheeting
1) Impervious sheeting shall be in accordance with ASTM C171.
b) Burlap
1) Cloth made of jute or kenaf, weighing approximately 290 g/m2 and
complying with AASHTO M182, Class 3.
d) Water
1) Potable water or water suitable for mixing concrete shall be as
specified in par. 2.02 E of this Specification.
2.04 DURABILITY
A. The following test shall be carried out, if so required by the Royal Commission, to
ensure durability of produced concrete:
1. Salt Limits
3. Chloride Impermeability
1. Strength
1. Laboratory trial batches in accordance with ACI 211.1 shall be used to select
concrete proportions, prepare test specimens in accordance with
ASTM C192M and conduct strength tests in accordance with ASTM C39M, as
specified in ACI 318RM.
2. After sufficient experience and test data become available from the job, use
ACI 214R methods of evaluation in accordance with ASTM C94M.
2. Laboratory test data for revised mix designs and strength results must be
submitted to and accepted by the Royal Commission before using in the work.
E. Slump Limits
a) Without Superplasticizer
75 mm 100 mm 40 mm 140 mm
b) With Superplasticizer
75 mm 125 mm 40 mm 165 mm
2. The main margin for error can only be used for a maximum of 1 truckload out
of 10 consecutive truckloads of concrete. Immediately, when concrete slump
exceeds the working limit, the concrete supplier shall be requested to make
proper adjustment.
F. Choice of Slump
Slump, mm
Types of Construction
Maximum* Minimum
Reinforced foundation walls and
75 25
footings
Plain footings, caissons and
75 25
substructure walls
Beams and reinforced walls 100 25
Building columns 100 25
Pavements and slabs 75 25
Mass concrete 75 25
PART 3 EXECUTION
1. Mix all materials for concrete in an acceptable drum type batch mixer, unless
job site mixing is permitted by the Royal Commission.
c) Exceeding the catalog rating or nameplate capacity for the total volume
of materials used per batch is not permitted.
f) Batch ticket for each batch discharged and used in the work shall be
recorded, indicating project identification name, number, date, mix type,
mix time, quantity and amount of water introduced.
B. Ready-Mix Concrete
1. Concrete shall be either batched and mixed at a central batching and mixing
plant, or batched at a central batching plant and mixed in a truck mixer. The
amount of concrete mixed in any one batch shall not be more than the rated
capacity of the mixer, nor less than the mixer manufacturers recommended
minimum mix volume. Batching, mixing and transporting of concrete shall be in
accordance with ASTM C94M and the guidelines of ACI 304R.
a) Batching
1) Batching of cement shall be by weight.
2) Batching of aggregates shall be by weight.
3) Batching of water and of admixtures may be by weight or volume.
4) The accuracy of the measuring equipment shall be in accordance
with ASTM C94M.
5) Batching accuracy shall be checked quarterly. All scales, weigh
hoppers and volumetric gages shall have valid certificates and
revalidated annually.
b) Mixing
1) Central Mixing Plant
(a) Measuring tolerances, and mixing capability and time shall
be in accordance with ASTM C94M.
(b) The quantity of water added to each batch shall be the net
water, excluding moisture content of aggregate and free
water, if any, but including water that will be absorbed by
the aggregate, dependent on absorption and moisture
content values determined daily and before any mixing
takes place.
(c) The entire mixed batch shall be removed before materials
for a subsequent batch enter the drum, unless the plant is
designed for continuous mixing.
(d) No re-tempering of concrete, which has partially hardened,
by the addition of cement, aggregate or water shall be
allowed.
(e) Concrete which has been over mixed to the extent that
addition of water is necessary to preserve the required
consistency during discharge or exceeded 300 revolutions,
shall not be allowed for use.
2) Truck Mixers
(a) Truck mixers shall be of the revolving drum type, watertight
and certified in accordance with the requirement of
ASTM C94M.
(b) Truck mixers shall be equipped with a tank containing water
solely for making concrete. Water from the truck tank shall
be measured by a volumetric gage. In no case shall the
total water in the mix exceed the design water to
cementitious material ratio. Any addition of water shall be
done once, in accordance with ASTM C94M and shall be
recorded on the batch ticket.
(c) Truck mixing shall be in accordance with the requirement of
ASTM C94M for truck mixed concrete. Concrete to be
completely mixed in a truck mixer shall be mixed 70 to
100 revolutions at the mixing speed designated by the
manufacturer to produce uniformly mixed concrete.
3) Transporting
(a) Temperature of concrete leaving the mixing plant shall be
such that at the time of placement the maximum
temperature does not exceed 30C.
(b) Concrete shall be so transported and discharged such that
contamination, segregation or loss of the constituent
materials does not occur.
(c) Concrete shall be compacted in its final position within
2 hours from the time of introduction of the cement into the
3.02 FORMWORK
A. Concrete shall not be placed until all formwork, embedded parts, steel reinforcement,
excavated surfaces, lean concrete, elevation and joints, and other items specified
under other Sections or as shown on the Contract Drawings to be embedded or cast
with concrete, involved in the placing have been inspected and approved. Record of
this approval shall be submitted to the Royal Commission by the Contractor before
concreting commences (See Table 1B Concrete Pour Card and Placement
Record).
B. Concrete shall not be placed in water unless the method of depositing such concrete
has been proposed and recommended by the Contractor and approved by the Royal
Commission. Concrete shall not be placed in running water and shall not be
subjected to the action of running water until after the concrete has hardened,
normally 28 days after concrete placement.
D. Rock surfaces, in addition to the foregoing requirements, shall be free from oil,
coatings, and loose or unsound rock fragments. Surfaces shall be cleaned by
brooming, high velocity water jets, or other approved means as appropriate for the
surface being prepared.
E. Earth surfaces which are absorptive shall be moistened to a depth of at least 25 mm.
F. Provision at site of the required number and rating of vibrators needed for a specific
concrete pour including a standby power source shall be ensured by the Contractor.
A. Placement Acceptance
1. Upon arrival of concrete at the place of deposition, the Contractor shall receive
from the driver, prior to acceptance, the delivery ticket for the concrete. The
Contractor shall verify if concrete as received, meets the requirements of this
Specification and is in accordance with SECTION 03310-1. The Contractor
shall complete and sign the ticket and fill in items of his responsibility.
2. The concrete shall reach the job site such that it can be compacted in its final
position within the time duration as mentioned in par. 3.01 B.1.b.3.c.
B. Concrete Placement
1. Concrete generally shall be placed in accordance with ACI 301 and ACI 304R,
unless otherwise shown in the Contract Drawings, or in this Specification.
3. Concrete shall not be dropped through congested reinforcing steel which may
cause segregation of the coarse aggregate. Restrict the free fall of fresh
concrete within 1.5 m. Employ spouts or flexible drop chutes to avoid nesting
of coarse aggregate.
40 mm 150 mm
20 mm 100 mm
8. Consolidation
40 mm 75 mm
20 mm 50 mm
effectively.
10. Placing concrete under water shall be done by Tremie method. This method
consists of placing concrete through vertical pipe, allowing the concrete to flow
from the bottom. This method shall be applicable for deeper work and confined
areas.
11. The dry pipe method requires a Tremie pipe that is watertight, including
gasketed and bolted flanges at the couplings. The pressure seal plate which is
at the bottom of the Tremie pipe keeps the Tremie pipe watertight, while
concrete is extruded from it under pressure and such that the discharge end of
the Tremie bottom moves gradually (upwards or away) and is always under
900 mm (approximately) head of fresh concrete. The equipment and
placement procedure shall conform to ACI 304R.
C. Bonding
2. Preparation for bonding of fresh concrete to new concrete that has set but not
fully cured:
c) Use neat cement grout consisting equal parts portland cement and fine
aggregate by weight and not more than 24 L of water per sack of
cement. Apply with a stiff broom or brush to a minimum thickness of
2 mm. Deposit fresh concrete before cement grout has attained initial
set.
B. Construction joints, expansion joints and control joints shall be provided at the
locations and in accordance with details shown on approved Contract Drawings.
1. In absence of such details, the practices of ACI 224R and ACI 302.1R shall be
adopted.
2. Surfaces for these joints shall be cleaned with exposed sound aggregate,
rough in profile and damp, but not wet, before adjoining fresh concrete.
4. Joints shall be cleaned and washed thoroughly with air-water jets and the
hardened concrete surface shall be pre-soaked at least 8 hours immediately
before fresh concrete is placed.
C. All construction joints shall be carefully constructed as defined and shown in the
Contract Drawings at the designated locations.
D. Where construction joints have to be provided for any unanticipated reason, they
shall be located as follows:
1. In floors, within the middle third of spans of slabs, beams and girders.
2. Locate such that in girders, the joints shall be offset a minimum distance of two
E. Construction joints shall be placed horizontally or vertically with keys and dowels.
F. Beams, girders, haunches, drop panels and capitals shall be placed monolithically as
part of a slab system, unless otherwise shown in the Contract Drawings or
Specifications.
H. Slab on Grade
1. Placing shall follow the guidelines in ACI 302.1R and shall be in compliance
with the following requirements:
e) Concrete joints shall be filled with a joint sealant and filler shall be in
accordance with SECTION 07920, and or as detailed in the Contract
Drawings.
A. All concrete floors and slabs shall be classified by their intended use, tools and
finishing procedures for each class shall be in accordance and as specified in
ACI 302.1R.
B. Sidewalks and other outdoor areas subject to foot traffic shall receive a non-skid
finish by drawing a fine, soft bristled broom over the trowelled surface. Edges and
joints shall be tooled.
C. Concrete surfaces shall be screeded and finished to the required tolerance class as
specified in ACI 117.
1. Type U1
2. Type U2
a) This finish is a wood floated finish for surfaces of beds and slabs to
receive mastic paving or block or tile paving where a hard, smooth,
steel-trowelled surface is not required.
b) Floating shall be done only after the concrete has hardened sufficiently
and may be done by hand or machine. Care shall be taken to ensure
that the concrete is worked no more than is necessary to produce a
uniform surface free of screed marks.
3. Type U3
4. Type U4
a) This finish is a broom finish for surfaces which are for foot traffic, e.g.,
walks and steps where a special finish is not designated.
5. Type U5
a) This finish is a non-slip (dry shake) finish for surfaces where slipping
could be hazardous. Apply as per manufacturers recommendation, and
as approved by the Royal Commission based on the Contractors report
and recommendations.
1. Type F1
a) This finish is for surfaces against which backfill or further concrete will
be placed.
2. Type F2
a) This finish is for surfaces which are permanently exposed to view, but
where the highest standard of finish is not required.
c) Alternatively, plywood or metal panels may be used if they are free from
defects likely to detract from the general appearance of the finished
surface.
3. Type F3
b) To achieve this finish which shall be free of board marks, the formwork
shall be faced with plywood or an equivalent material in large sheets.
1. Chemical-Hardener Finish
a) Suitable for interior concrete floors that are subject to light foot traffic,
and are not to receive an applied finish. Locations of use shall be shown
on the Contract Drawings or Schedule.
1) Apply liquid chemical-hardener after complete curing and drying
of the concrete surface.
2) Dilute the liquid hardener with water and apply in 3 coats; first
coat, 13 strength; second coat, strength; third coat, 23 strength.
Evenly apply each coat and allow 24 hours for drying between
coats.
3) Apply propriety chemical hardeners in accordance with the
manufacturers printed instructions.
4) After the final coat of chemical-hardener solution is applied and
dried, remove surplus hardener by scrubbing and mopping with
water.
a) Special finish for slabs, stairs and other areas as shown on Contract
Drawings or Schedule, wherein the type and gradation of aggregates
shall be specified.
1) Immediately following the first floating operation, apply special
aggregate by broadcasting over the floor area and tamping to
embed the aggregate. Apply the aggregate at the required rate to
match the Royal Commissions sample.
2) After the concrete has taken its initial set, expose the surface
aggregates using a water fog-spray and fiber-bristle brooms to
remove the surface matrix. Expose the coarse aggregate
approximately 3 mm or more to match the Royal Commissions
sample, but not so deep as to displace the bond of the aggregate
to the matrix.
3) After the concrete has taken its final set, apply a weak acid wash
to clean the exposed aggregate surfaces. Thoroughly neutralize
and flush the acid wash from the finish surfaces. Protect all other
adjacent construction and finishes from damage due to acid wash;
repair to replace damaged or defaced work as directed by the
Royal Commission.
A. All concrete shall be cured with specified potable water, in accordance with
par. 2.02 E of this Section, and in accordance with recommendations of ACI 308R
and ACI 305R, immediately after finishing flat work or removal of forms. Concrete
shall be protected from premature drying, temperature extremes and mechanical
injury for the entire specified curing period.
B. One of the following methods shall be used to retain and/or supply water to cure
concrete:
1. Pond Curing
3. Membrane Curing
2. Mass concrete.
3. Pozzolanic concrete.
3. The curing methods for hot weather shall be part of the hot weather concreting
submittal, where due emphasis shall be laid upon an extended curing period
and an increase of thermal protection.
4. Protection shall be provided to concrete from heavy rains, flowing water and
mechanical injury.
E. All concrete shall be continuously cured for at least 7 days, except as specified
below:
F. The Contractor shall maintain at the work site a formalized curing record for
inspection and verification by the Royal Commission. Minimum mandatory
information to be provided in the curing record are listed below:
1. Time duration between concrete placement and actual start of curing process.
2. Type of curing.
3.08 DEFICIENCIES
1. Formed concrete having any dimension smaller or greater than required, and
outside the specified tolerance limits, shall be considered deficient in strength
and subject to additional testing as required.
2. Formed concrete having any dimension greater than required will be rejected if
the appearance or function of the structure is adversely affected, or if the larger
dimensions interfere with other construction.
construction conditions.
C. Defective Work
1. Concrete work that does not conform to the specified requirements, including
strength, tolerances, and finishes, shall be corrected at the Contractors
expense. The Contractor shall also be responsible for the cost of corrections to
any work affected by or resulting from corrections to the concrete work.
2. In the event that additional testing is necessary, the Contractor shall cooperate
with and provide assistance to the Royal Commission in proceeding with the
test.
A. The Contractor shall, at all times, incorporate methods that will minimize the causes
requiring future concrete repairs due to construction.
2. For color matching, the use of a mixture of white and gray cement is permitted,
unless otherwise noted.
C. Listed below are various types of defects mostly encountered in newly constructed
concrete and methods for their repair. Other repair procedures shall be submitted to
the Royal Commission for approval. All repaired areas shall be properly moist cured
for a minimum of 7 days and as recommended by the repair materials manufacturer.
2. Honeycombs
c) A mortar mix with strength not less than that of the original concrete at
28 days age shall be brushed into the cavity. Immediately after, a dry
pack patching mortar shall be applied, the mix composition being similar
to that of the parent concrete. The water content shall be the minimum
amount required for handling and placing. The mortar shall be
compacted in layers into the cavity and screeded off to protrude slightly
from the surrounding surface and then left undisturbed for 1 or 2 hour
before finishing.
d) During application, each layer shall be solidly compacted over its entire
surface by the use of a hard wood board and a hammer. Alternately, a
prepackaged non-shrink grout with strength equal to or exceeding the
parent concrete strength shall be used.
3. Tie Holes
a) Holes from removed ties shall be repaired using the same grout or
mortar mix as for honeycombs.
b) If the holes are limited in depth, then a dry pack consistency grout shall
be used.
4. Pop-Outs or Scaling
a) All the affected material which may have an area larger than that from
first visual appearance shall be removed.
a) Concrete surfaces shall be clean of all dirt and stains caused during
construction. The discoloration may be caused by the following
conditions and should be minimized by utilizing proper construction
practices:
1) Change in Mix.
2) Aggregate Transparency.
3) Hydration Discoloration.
4) Segregation Discoloration.
5) Drying Discoloration.
6) Cold Joints Discoloration.
7) Improper Concreting and Finishing Practices.
6. Cracks
b) Depending on the cause and type of cracking and the need for repairs,
the cracks shall be repaired in accordance with SECTION 03930.
B. All concrete foundations and slabs-on-grade shall be laid on 200 microns thick
polyethylene sheeting as vapor barrier over 50 mm thick lean concrete.
C. All below grade concrete surfaces in contact with ground water and which terminate
less than 1 m above the water table shall be protected by waterproofing membrane
unless specified otherwise on the Contract Drawings and Specifications. The
membrane shall extend at least 150 mm above grade and terminated and finished in
a 20 x 20 mm chase in the concrete. The chase shall be pointed immediately with
bitumen flashing compound prior to backfilling. Waterproofing membrane and its
application shall be in accordance with SECTION 07130.
D. All below grade concrete surfaces in contact with soil and which terminate more than
1 m above the water table, shall be protected by single application of dampproofing
or liquid waterproofing material from below grade concrete surfaces in contact with
soil until 150 mm above grade or top of concrete, unless otherwise specified in the
Contract Drawings and Specifications. Dampproofing application shall be in
accordance with SECTION 07110.
END OF SECTION