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Technical Assistance Consultants Report
Project Number: 45146

December 2014
Republic of the Philippines: Solid Waste Management

Sector Project
(Financed by ADB's Technical Assistance Special Fund [TASF-
other sources])
Prepared by SEURECA and PHILKOEI International, Inc., in association with Lahmeyer

IDP Consult
For the Department of Environment and Natural Resources and Asian Development Bank
This consultants report does not necessarily reflect the views of ADB or the Government concerned, and
ADB and the Government cannot be held liable for its contents. All the views expressed herein may not
be incorporated into the proposed projects design.
THE
T PH
HILIPP
PINES
DEPARTMENT OF ENV
VIRONMENT AN
ND NATU
URAL
RES
SOURCE
ES
ASIA
AN DEVE
ELOPME
ENT BAN
NK
SOL
LID WA
ASTE MANAG
M GEMEN
NT SEC
CTOR P
PROJECT
TA--8115 P
PHI
Fina
al Rep
port
Decem
mber 20
014
In as
ssociation with
THE PHILIPPIN
P NES
THE
T PH
HILIPP
PINES
DEPARTMENT OF ENV
VIRONMENT AN
ND NATU
URAL
RES
SOURCE
ES
ASIA
AN DEVE
ELOPME
ENT BAN
NK
SOLID WASTE
E MANAG
GEMENT
T SECTO
OR PRO
OJECT
TA-8115 PH
HI
SR10a
a Del C
Carmen SR112: Povertty and Social
P from 1 to 9
SRs to RRP SPAR Dim
mensions & Resettlemen
nt and
IP F
Frameworks
SR1: SR10b
b Janiuay S PA
External Assistance to PARRT I: Poverty, Social
Philippines Devvelopment andd Gender
SR2: Summary
S of c La Trinidad
SR10c PARRT II: Involuntary Resettlement
Description of
o Subprojectts SPAR and IPs
SR3: Projec
ct Implementa
ation SR10d
d Malay/ Bo
oracay SR113 Institutio
onal Develo opment
Final and Manageement Structu
ure SPAR and Private Sector Participatio
on
Report
SR4: Implementa
ation R11a Del Carme
en IEE 14 Workshopss and Field R
SR1 Reports
Schedule and REA
R
city Developm
SR5: Capac ment b Janiuay IE
SR11b EE and
Plan REA
SR6: Financ cial Managemment SR11cc La Trinida
ad IEE
Assessmentt and RE
EA
SR7: Procurement Capa acity SR11dd Malay/ Bo oracay
PAM Assessmentt IEE an
nd REA
SR8: Con nsultation and
Participation
n Plan
RRP SR9: Poveerty and So
ocial
Dimensions
Decem
mber 20
014
In as
ssociation with
THE PHILIPPIN
P NES
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ....................................................................................5
A. Background and Rationale ........................................................................... 5
B. THE PROJECT ............................................................................................ 8
1. Impact and Outcome.......................................................................................... 8
2. Outputs .............................................................................................................. 9
3. Special Features .............................................................................................. 11
4. Cost Estimates, Financing Plan and Lending Arrangements .......................... 11
5. Implementation Arrangements ......................................................................... 13
C. PROJECT BENEFITS, IMPACTS AND JUSTIFICATION .......................... 13
1. Project Benefits and Beneficiaries ................................................................... 13
2. Economic and Financial Analysis .................................................................... 16
3. Governance ..................................................................................................... 16
4. Environmental Considerations ......................................................................... 17
5. Risks and Mitigation Measures ........................................................................ 18
6. Conclusions and Recommendations ............................................................... 18
I. BRIEF INTRODUCTION OF THE PHILIPPINE SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT SECTOR PROJECT ................................................................. 19
A. Background ................................................................................................ 19
B. Project Objectives ...................................................................................... 21
C. Selection Procedure for LGUs .................................................................... 21
II. RATIONALE: PERFORMANCE INDICATORS, PROBLEMS, AND
OPPORTUNITIES ............................................................................................... 22
A. Performance Indicators .............................................................................. 22
1. Population ........................................................................................................ 22
2. Economy .......................................................................................................... 22
3. Poverty ............................................................................................................. 23
4. Environmental Health....................................................................................... 24
5. Climate Change ............................................................................................... 25
6. Solid Waste Management in LGUs.................................................................. 26
B. Key Problems and Opportunities in the SWM Sector ................................. 28
1. Urban Economy and Competitiveness ............................................................ 28
2. Urban Planning ................................................................................................ 28
3. Environmental, Health, and Social Drivers ...................................................... 28
4. SWM Services Linked to Urban Environment Issues ...................................... 30
5. Consistency with ADBs Country Partnership Strategy and the Philippines
Sector Policies and Strategies ......................................................................... 31
6. Philippines Sector Policies and Legal Context of SWM .................................. 32
7. LGU Finance .................................................................................................... 36
8. Public-Private Partnerships ............................................................................. 38
9. Lessons Learned ............................................................................................. 39
10. LGUs Challenges and Opportunities .............................................................. 40
11. Need for SWM Infrastructure and Services ..................................................... 40
C. Road Map for a New SWM Framework ...................................................... 43
1. Key Strategies of the SWM Roadmap ............................................................. 44
2. Paradigm Shift in Solid Waste Management ................................................... 45
3. Proposed Solid Waste Management Framework ............................................ 47
III. THE PROJECT .......................................................................................... 55
PPTA 8115 PHI: Philippines Solid Waste Management Sector Project
A. Impact and Outcome .................................................................................. 55

B. Outputs ....................................................................................................... 55
1. Output 1: Priority Infrastructure Investments in SWM ..................................... 55
2. Output 2: IEC and Knowledge Management ................................................... 58
3. Output 3: Capacity Development and Enhancement ..................................... 58
4. Output 4: Project Implementation and Management Support ......................... 60
C. Proposed Selection Criteria for LGUs to Participate in PSWMSP
Development........................................................................................................ 63
D. Special Features ........................................................................................ 64
1. Innovative Technology ..................................................................................... 64
2. PPP and Large-scale Investments .................................................................. 64
E. Project Financing Plan and Lending Arrangements ................................... 65
1. Project Cost Estimate and Financing Plan ...................................................... 65
2. Disbursement Arrangements ........................................................................... 67
3. Accounting, Auditing and Reporting ................................................................ 68
F. Procurement ............................................................................................... 69
1. Assessment of Procurement Capacity............................................................. 69
2. Advance Contracting........................................................................................ 69
3. Procurement of Goods, Works and Consulting Services ................................ 69
4. Procurement Plan ............................................................................................ 70
5. Process Thresholds, Review and 18-Month Procurement Plan ...................... 70
6. International Competitive Bidding .................................................................... 74
7. National Competitive Bidding ........................................................................... 75
G. Implementation Arrangements ................................................................... 75
IV. PROJECT BENEFITS, IMPACTS, AND JUSTIFICATION ......................... 80
A. Project Benefits and Beneficiaries .............................................................. 80
B. Social Development and Gender................................................................ 80
1. Social Objectives in Project Formulation ......................................................... 80
2. Mitigation Measures ......................................................................................... 81
3. Gender ............................................................................................................. 82
C. Involuntary Resettlement and Indigenous People ...................................... 82
1. Review of Resettlement Policies and Legal Framework ................................. 82
2. Asian Development Bank Policy ...................................................................... 87
3. Project Resettlement Policy ............................................................................. 89
4. Land Acquisition and Resettlement Impacts of Pilot Sub-projects .................. 91
D. Indigenous People ...................................................................................... 93
1. Review of Indigenous Peoples Policies and Legal Framework ....................... 93
2. Asian Development Bank Policy ...................................................................... 94
3. Project Indigenous Peoples Policy .................................................................. 95
4. Indigenous Peoples Impacts of Pilot Sub-projects .......................................... 97
E. Environmental Considerations.................................................................... 98
1. Environmental Assessment of Sector Loan ..................................................... 98
2. Overview of Sector Loan ................................................................................. 98
3. Environmental Assessment of Sector Impacts ................................................ 99
4. Summary of IEEs Prepared for Subprojects .................................................... 99
5. Environmental Criteria for Subproject Selection ............................................ 106
6. Environmental Assessment and Review Procedures .................................... 107
7. Conclusion ..................................................................................................... 110
Final Report December 2014

Page 2
V. PROJECT FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS ............................. 111

A. Financial Analysis ..................................................................................... 111
1. Methodology and Assumptions...................................................................... 111
2. Proposed Fees and Affordability.................................................................... 112
3. Financial Performance of SWM Operations .................................................. 112
4. FIRR and Sensitivity Analysis ........................................................................ 113
5. Subproject and Financial Sustainability ......................................................... 114
B. Economic Analysis ................................................................................... 116
1. Economic Rationale ....................................................................................... 116
2. Methodology and Assumptions...................................................................... 117
3. Economic Benefits ......................................................................................... 117
4. Results of Economic Analysis ........................................................................ 119
5. Subproject Economic Sustainability............................................................... 119
6. Poverty Impact Ratio...................................................................................... 120
VI. RISK MITIGATION MEASURES AND RECOMMENDATIONS ............... 121
A. General ..................................................................................................... 121
B. Risks Under the Control of the Project ..................................................... 121
C. Risks that Depend on Decisions or Actions of GoP or Other Agencies ... 123
VII. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ........................................ 124
A. General ..................................................................................................... 124
Appendices
1.Project Design Framework (DFW) PPTA 8115 PHI
2.Problem Tree Analysis
3.External Assistance
4.Subproject Brief
4.1 Del Carmen Subproject Profile
4.2 Janiuay Subproject Profile
4.3 La Trinidad Subproject Profile
4.4 Malay Subproject Profile
5. IPP Outline
6. to 9. GHG Emissions without and with the project in the pilot LGUs
Annexes
1. LGU Selection Matrix for PSWMSP
2. LGU Selection Procedure for PSWMSP
3. Proposed Highly Urbanized Cities (HUCs) for PSWMSP and Mission reports
3.1 Baquio Mission Report
3.2 Dumaguete Mission Report
3.3 General Santos Mission Report
3.4 Santa Rosa Mission Report
3.5 Zambonga Proposal
4. List of Open and Controlled Dumpsites
5. Existing Sanitary Landfills
6. Sample MOU between DENR and LGU

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COPYRIGHT: The concepts and information contained in this document are the property of ADB and the
Government of the Philippines. Use or copying of this document in whole or in part without the written
permission of either ADB or the Government of the Philippines constitutes an infringement of copyright.
Conversion Rates:
In this report, $ represents US dollars. Conversion rate used is $1 = Philippine peso (P) 43.5
Abbreviations
ADB Asian Development Bank
BOT Build-Operate-Transfer
DENR Department of Environment and Natural Resources
ECC Environmental Compliance Certificate
EIA Environment Impact Assessment
EMB Environment Management Bureau
FASPO Foreign-Assisted Special Projects Office (DENR)
GDP Gross Domestic Product
IEE Initial Environmental Examination
IRR Implementing Rules and Regulations
LGC Local Government Code of 1991
LGU Local Government Unit
MDGs Millennium Development Goals
MRF Materials Recovery Facility
NGO Non-Government Organization
NSWMC National Solid Waste Management Commission
PPP Public-Private Partnership
PPTA Project Preparatory Technical Assistance
PSWMSP Philippine Solid Waste Management Sector Project
RA Republic Act
REA Rapid Environmental Assessment
SLF Sanitary Landfill
SPS Safeguard Policy Statement
SWM Solid Waste Management
TA Technical Assistance
WTE Waste-to-Energy

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
A. Background and Rationale
1. The Project Preparatory Technical Assistance (PPTA) covers the preparation of 10-year
solid waste management plans and feasibility studies for selected local government units
(LGUs) nationwide from January to December 2013. The four subprojects are located in the
municipalities of Del Carmen in Siargao Island, province of Surigao del Norte; Malay in the
province of Aklan; La Trinidad in the province of Benguet; and Janiuay in the province of Iloilo.
2. Solid waste management (SWM) is a high-priority sector of the Department of
Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) and greatly supported by the Philippine
Development Plan 2011-20161. The Government of the Philippines has requested the Asian
Development Bank (ADB) to consider financing the Philippine Solid Waste Management Sector
(PSWMS) project. As envisioned, the Project will include a variety of soft and engineering
components to improve SWM services and infrastructure development such as sanitary landfills
(SLF) development, landfill rehabilitation and landfill mining, dump site closure, emission
control, establishment of material recovery facilities, institution of solid waste collection systems,
acquisition of processing equipment, and adoption and establishment of waste-to-energy (WTE)
technologies. The Project will also complement past and ongoing institutional capacity
development actions for LGUs and technical assistance provisions for project implementation
spearheaded by the DENR.
3. The PSWMS Project covers the entire Philippines encompassing urban and rural
communities. Four pilot LGUs have been selected for the PPTA from January to December
2013: (i) a stand-alone project2 in Janiuay, Iloilo province in the island of Panay; ii) tourist
destinations in Del Carmen, Siargao Island in Surigao Del Norte, and Boracay island in the
municipality of Malay, Aklan Province; and iii) a stand-alone project in La Trinidad, Benguet
Province. The selection of pilot areas was conducted in cooperation with the Foreign-Assisted
and Special Projects Office (FASPO) and the Environment Management Bureau (EMB) under
the DENR.
a) Municipality of Janiuay is classified as a first class municipality in the 3rd District of Iloilo in
the island of Panay. It has 16 urban and 46 rural barangays gathering a population of
66,000, which is expected to reach 91,000 by 2023. On a larger picture, the 3rd District of
Iloilo has a population of 443,000 as of 2013, which is projected to grow to 608,000 by 2023.
Janiuay currently generates about 21 tons per day (tpd) of solid waste, of which only 16% or
3.5 tpd is collected. Meanwhile, the entire 3rd District collectively generates 126 tpd. Waste
collection within the district is about 19 tpd, or a mere 14% of the total waste generation.
All LGUs in the District operate their respective collect-and-dump system employing ageing,
if not antiquated, government-owned vehicles and dumpsites which have been outlawed
since 2006.
1 PDP emphasizes equitable access to basic social services, such as education, health care and housing as well as
stronger social safety nets in the context of inclusive growth. In addition, the environment and natural resources as
well as peace and security are also included in the medium-term development plan. It also has the special attentions
to i) environmental protection is in connection to the continuing deterioration in biodiversity and in natural resources
and ii) the unreliable power supply due to the slow pace of investments in power generation and maintenance, which
is a major obstacle to growth.
2
Possible cluster development during the phase II

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b) Municipality of Del Carmen, a 5th class municipality, is one of the municipalities in Siargao
Island which belong to the 1st District of Surigao del Norte. It bounds 20 barangays with an
estimated population of 20,000. Based on projections made for the municipality, present
population is expected to reach 31,000 by 2023. Meanwhile, the Island of Siargao has a
population of 95,000 as of 2013, which is projected to rise to 140,000 by 2023.
Del Carmen currently generates about 5.7 tpd of solid waste. The entire Siargao Island, on
the other hand, collectively generates 21 tpd. Waste collection within Del Carmen and the
Island of Siargao amounts to 0.54 tpd and 2 tpd, respectively, accounting for a meager 10%
of the total waste generation. This may be attributed to irregular solid waste collection.
Furthering this predicament, the LGU presently disposes its waste into an open dump.
c) Municipality of Malay is a 1st class municipality situated in the northwestern section of
Aklan and is composed of 14 barangays in the mainland and 4 barangays in Boracay Island.
As of 2013, the population of Malay stood at 36,000. This is expected to reach nearly 86,000
by 2023.
Boracay is one of the most famous tourist destinations in the Philippines with arrivals of 1.2
million tourists in 2012, which slightly rose to an estimated 1.3 million in 2013. It is estimated
that 2.7 million tourists will visit Boracay by 2018.
The estimated waste generation of Boracay in 2014 is about 45 tons tpd. By 2016, waste
generation would reach 54 tpd and further balloon to 109 tpd by 2020. Solid waste
generation in mainland Malay by 2014 is estimated at 7 tpd and is presumed to more than
double to 16 tpd by 2020.
Boracay Island has three materials recovery facilities (MRFs), which process the segregated
wastes collected from the island. The residuals from the Boracay MRFs and those collected
from Malay mainland are disposed of in the Kabulihan Sanitary Landfill which has now
practically reached full capacity.
d) Municipality of La Trinidad, the capital of Benguet Province, is a 1st class municipality and
situated in a mountainous region of Luzon. It is composed of 16 barangays presently
registering a total population of about 120,000, which is expected to reach about 188,000 by
2025.
La Trinidad currently generates about 72 tpd of solid waste. In addition, agricultural waste
from trading post is 20.9tpd. Waste collection efficiency tips at 83% of total waste
generation. The municipality has carried out substantial investments over the last 10 years
to improve its SWM. However, the present conditions of the sanitary landfill and composting
facilities are still reflective of a below par SWM system. Increasing solid waste load and
ineffective black hole3 process are creating hygiene and health risks, increasing
environmental pollution within the area and nearby environs.
4. Current solid waste management conditions. Of around 42,000 barangays
nationwide, 8,843 have MRFs. In Metro Manila, 956 barangays are served by MRFs, which is
equivalent to 56.07% compliance rate. There are 995 existing disposal facilities in the country,
3
The Municipality of La Trinidad started using the so called super black hole in 2011 to treat organic waste. The
facility uses low temperature plasma and magnets to turn waste into ash. The process consists of an inductive low-
temperature heating chamber, a grinder for conditioning of high-medium calorific value material as well connected
scrubbers for exhaust air purification purposes. Materials will be grinded and processed for 8 hours within the low-
temperature chamber. The result is a carbonised material called ash.

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331 controlled dumpsites and 602 open dumpsites. To date, 72 SLFs are operational while 53
SLFs are under construction. Solid waste collection is largely limited to the urban population and
reportedly varies from 15% to 90% in terms of efficiency.
5. According to the data given by the Metropolitan Manila Development Authority (MMDA),
the total waste diversion in Metro Manila is 41%, and 38% outside of Metro Manila.4 Nationwide
average of waste diversion is 26%5 according to the National Solid Waste Management
Commission (NSWMC). The Philippines GHG emissions with current waste diversion rate
30% and daily waste disposal rate 32,300ton is in 9.0 Million t CO2-eq/yr6.
6. Out of 1,635 municipalities and cities in the country, 557 have submitted their 10-Year
Solid Waste Management plans; 43 of these plans have been approved by the NSWMC. Out of
16 cities and one municipality in Metro Manila, only nine have submitted their plans, of which
only one has been approved. This indicates weak and careless attitude of LGUs to comply with
Republic Act (RA) 9003 for which targets set in the Philippine Development Plan 20112016
have yet to be attained.
7. In 2013, it is estimated that the municipalities and cities in the Philippines collectively
generated 44,0007 tons of waste per day. About 32,300 tpd is collected according to the recent
appraisal undertaken under PPTA 8115 Philippines SWM.
8. Key gaps in the current SWM system in the Philippines include the following: (i) ageing
collection trucks, (ii) limited number of waste bins, (iii) limited space for MRFs, (iv) predicted
inadequacy of manual sorting for increased waste generation and collection, (v) delay in hauling
of residuals (vi) piling up of unprocessed biodegradables on MRF sites due to poor composting
capacity and missing composting markets, (vii) absence of proper disposal sites, (viii) visual
estimation of amount of waste collected and transported to deposal sites, (ix) many dumpsites
having exceeded already their capacity, (x) the inadequacy of the present system of recording,
storage, and retrieval of SWM data, and (xi) the non-imposition of garbage fees on the
residential areas. Over the years, the Philippines has increasingly dumped waste to open
dumpsites, rivers and water ways.
9. Low solid waste collection efficiency and poor waste disposal have contributed to
environmental and health risks highlighted by ground water and surface pollution, and water
borne diseases. These risks are related to poor dump site management, flooding, and
unhygienic living conditions of the informal sector engaged in recovery of recyclables in many
towns and cities. Altogether, these resulted in expensive SWM systems that have persisted
through the various crises that have taken place from 2000 to the present.
10. Fast growing population and widening SWM infrastructure gap. Annual population
growth from 1999 to 2013 has been at an average of 1.62 million during the past 15 years. This
will require some $2.9 billion to satisfy the existing shortfalls in the delivery of SWM services for
24.3 million people. During the same period, LGUs have built new facilities worth $1billion
according to the statistics of NSWMC. This, however, is only 34% of the requirement to fill the
gap.8
4
Environment Management Bureau. Annual Report CY2012,.
5
The Philippine Development Plan 2011- 2016 has set waste diversion goal to 50%.
6
PPTA consultants assessment
7
PPTA 8115 waste generation assessment
8
PPTA 8115 SWM infrastructure vs. population growth assessment.

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11. Risk of ground and surface water pollution. Provision of adequate and good quality
water and SWM are invariably linked.9 Based on records of the NSWMC, there are at least 607
open dumpsites and 339 controlled dumpsites in the 17 regions of the Philippines. These
dumpsites generally correspond to the collect-and-dump systems employed by most LGUs.
12. Urban flooding intensifies on the combination of climate change, densification of urban
cities, and poor management of storm water and surface runoff, and poor solid waste collection.
Flooding will continue and be aggravated without strong law enforcement to control the
proliferation of informal settlements and indiscriminate dumping of solid waste to drainage and
waterways.
13. Waste is wasted energy source in the Philippines. It is anticipated that 600 megawatt
(MW) can be generated from municipal waste with different technology applications such as
biogas, bio-ethanol, and bio-diesel from organic waste and refuse-derived fuel (RDF) for
electricity production alone in the CALABARZON area.10 However, most of these technology
applications require in the beginning substantial financial inputs and are technically complex to
operate for municipalities.
14. The distribution of generated waste among LGUs provides an indication on how this
sector can be managed. Different approaches need to be taken for towns or cluster of towns
with low waste generation and for cities or large municipalities with high generation rates.
Obviously, MRFs and SLFs and current waste management approaches and practices cannot
adequately handle this amount of waste which will grow at a faster rate in the next 20 years and
beyond.
15. New technologies must be considered and applied progressively if appropriate waste
management is to be attained. In many European and Asian countries, thermal methods have
been successfully used in combination with basic SWM practices. The process usually begins
with waste segregation at source, followed by collection of the pre-segregated wastes
separately, residual processing with MRF and/or further waste reduction with composting and
digesting technologies, and finally by thermal treatment of leftover carbon-based material.
Landfilling varies from 10% to 15%, depending on public interest in waste minimization and
waste processing technology.
B. THE PROJECT
1. Impact and Outcome

16. The expected impact of the Project will be improved public health and well-being of the
citizens of the recipient municipalities through reduction of environmental pollution. Expected
outcome will be improved access to efficient and reliable delivery of SWM services to residents,
with the inclusion of the impoverished sector. Moreover, through the application of an
appropriate SWM system, such as a suitable MSW thermal treatment and proper landfill
management, not only local but, global impact is realized through significant reductions and
abatement of CO2 emissions.
9
In La Trinidad, about 1,985 households use deep wells either for their own use or shared with other households.
Some 272 households use shallow wells and 162 households use dug wells. Still, a big number of households
totaling some 1,259 have level I water sources, i.e., directly from the rain, spring or rivers.
10
PPTA 8115 presentation to EXECOM on June 23, 2013

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17. The Projects institutional development component will focus on capacity building,
training, public awareness, and community development to improve the present SWM practices.
The Project will further enhance capacities of the urban areas to attract more investments in
WTE, increase productivity, and create an enabling environment for higher economic growth
and global greenhouse gases (GHG) reduction. The design and monitoring framework (DMF) is
presented in Appendix 1 and the Problem Tree in Appendix 2.
2. Outputs
18. The Project will follow the priorities identified during the study period for investments in
SWM sector infrastructure improvement at the pilot LGUs. Outputs are consistent with overall
Project goals and objectives and are geared to contribute to the economic development of, and
well-being of residents in participating LGUs. The Project outputs will include the following:
Output 1: Priority Infrastructure Investments in SWM
Subproject Outputs
Subproject
and Location Subproject Component Description
Acquisition of waste collection
1. The Subproject will mitigate contamination
vehicles and waste bins
Janiuay ISWM of the local environment, contribute to the
Acquisition of sanitary landfill (SLF) reduction of health risks associated with
equipment waste picking and open dumping, and
Construction of a semi-automated provide employment for waste pickers
materials recovery facilities (MRF)
Construction of Category 2 Sanitary
Landfill
Closure of Gibolo Dumpsite
Malay/Boracay of the local environment, contribute to the
ISWM Acquisition of SLF and MRF reduction of health risks associated with
equipment manual waste sorting, improve aesthetics
Landfill mining and MRF clean-up and generate additional revenues from sale
Construction of a Resource Recovery of electricity
Facility and Energy Recovery Facility
Construction of Cell 2 of Kabulihan
Sanitary Landfill
Centralized MRFs to Manoc Manoc
ad community MRF to Kaiticlan
La Trinidad ISWM of the local environment, contribute to the
Rehabilitation of access road reduction of health risks associated with
Acquisition of SLF equipment manual waste picking, generate additional
Modernization and upgrading of revenues from sale of compost
composting plant
Construction of Category 2 SLF Cell 2
Rehabilitation of Cell 1
Landfill mining
Centralized and decentralized MRFs
4.Del Carmen The Subproject will mitigate contamination
of the local environment, contribute to the
ISWM

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Subproject
and Location Subproject Component Description
Acquisition of SLF equipment reduction of health risks associated with
Construction of a Materials Recovery waste picking and open dumping, improve
Facility aesthetics
Construction of Category 2 Sanitary
Landfill
Closure of existing dumpsite
ha = hectares, km = kilometer, m2 = square meter, MRF = materials recovery facility, NR9 = national road 9..
Details will be elaborated during detailed engineering design stage.
Source: Asian Development Bank.
Output 2: Information, Education, and Communication (IEC) and Knowledge Management
This includes conduct of IEC and public awareness drives at the LGU level, augmenting
capability to disseminate information and capturing project lessons efficiently via an accessible
digital media platform to serve as a main repository of SWM knowledge
Knowledge management will involve organizing symposia, case studies, and online discussion
groups to promote a formal community of practice that will monitor and report the LGUs
progress in compliance, enforcement, and recognition; sustainable SWM financing; SWM
technology, innovation, and research; related economic opportunities; organizational
development and enhanced inter-agency collaboration; and cross-cutting issues that include
good governance, caring for vulnerable groups, and reducing disaster and climate change risks.
Output 3: Capacity Building and Enhancement
NSWMC Secretariat/EMB: Strengthening or establishment of an integrated and national and

regional SWM database and information and knowledge management system. This component
is a mandated function of the NSWMC under RA 9003.
DENR-EMB Regional Offices: Strengthening and improvement of local field staff capacity for
technical and standards monitoring and enforcement. This is complementary to the
improvement of air and water quality standards. It involves both additional personnel and
training for DENR-EMB field staff, and (iii) revision and evaluation of the conduct and analysis of
the waste analysis and characterization (WAC) module for LGUs to include heat or calorific
content analysis. The conduct of WAC and its analysis is the most critical step in the whole
SWM process.
National Ecology Center and Regional Ecology Centers (REC): This includes updating and
revision of trainers training module/assistance to LGUs for WAC in cooperation with DENR-
EMB based on the PPTA WAC enhancement. It will focus on updating and upgrading the
technical skills and knowledge of SWM-related technical agencies (i.e. DENR, Department of
Science and Technology [DOST], Department of Energy [DOE], Department of Agriculture [DA],
and Department of the Interior and Local Government [DILG]), other SWM training institutions or
associations (i.e. Local Government Academy, SWAPP, LGU leagues) and LGU staff.
LGUs: (i) Improvement in the technical monitoring and evaluation capacity of LGU staff (i.e.
municipal environment and natural resources office [MENRO], engineering/general services
offices) on environmental, physical, engineering and technical standards and criteria. This
component will be coordinated with the appropriate national technical agencies such as the

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DENR, DOST or DOE or through the RECs, and including (ii) LGU training on SWM accounting,
tariff setting, landfill operation, and collection.
Output 4: Project Implementation and Management Support
Project Implementation and Management Support Consultant (PIMSC). The Project

Implementation Assistance and Management Support consists of consulting services for project
management including design, construction supervision, assistance on procurement and
disbursement, benefit monitoring and evaluation systems, and other necessary technical,
economic, financial, legal, and management advice.
3. Special Features
19. The Aquino administration is leading the way forward to long-term and sustainable SWM
solutions. The national government has taken the initiative to improve sector governance by
formulating and exploring alternative financing modalities in support of its investment programs.
The proposed PSWMS is 100% grant. This fund may be utilized for the construction of SWM
infrastructure and further, for the engagement and encouragement of private sector participation
in municipal SWM. It has been an established fact that private sector involvement is a crucial, if
not mandatory, to secure sustainable large-scale MRFs and WTE operation, which require
technical skills and resources. The grant to LGUs takes on a performance-based incentive
approach evaluated through a limited number of easily measurable key performance indicators.
To ensure the subprojects financial sustainability, revenues earned are required to be ring-
fenced and used exclusively for the payment of SWM expenditures. In this regard, an improved
SWM accounting system is necessary.
20. The Project will also pave the way for WTE in all major urban cities. The investment
program will enable an environment for enhanced economic activities and job opportunities,
specifically for the poor and the socially excluded sector, such as the waste pickers. The SWM
sector can become an additional catalyst for growth and broad-based development while
addressing poverty reduction and producing high economic returns through resource and
energy recovery infrastructure.
4. Cost Estimates, Financing Plan and Lending Arrangements

21. The Project introduces landfill mining, which recovers from closed and open dumpsites
valuable recyclable materials a combustible fraction, soil, and landfill space. The aeration of the
landfill soil is a secondary benefit for the landfill's future use. The combustible fraction is useful
for the generation of power. It is expected that landfill mining will take place in Metro Manila and
many other economic hubs any time soon to restore dumpsites for other activities. Incentives
are increased land value and eradication of environmental pollution and GHG emissions.
22. The total cost of the Project is estimated at $93.15 million equivalent, including taxes,
duties, and physical and price contingencies (Table 2).

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Table 2: Cost Estimates by Outputs

($ million)
Item Description Amounts a
A. Base Cost b
1. ISWM Investment 68.56
2. IEC and Knowledge Management 2.00
3. Capacity Building and Enhancement 0.98
4. Project Implementation and Management Support 4.34
Subtotal (A) 75.88

B. Contingencies c
1. Physical Contingencies 7.58
2. Price Contingencies 6.95
Subtotal (B) 14.53
d
C. Financing Charges during Implementation 4.71
Total (A+B+C) 95.13
a
Includes taxes and duties of $10.83 million equivalent, involuntary resettlement of $0.10 million equivalent and land
acquisition cost of $0.05 million equivalent, all to be financed from Government sources. Additional Government
support is provided for administration and operational support during project implementation estimated at $1.2
million equivalent from DENR and $0.32 million equivalent from the LGUs.
b
In October 2014 prices.
c
Physical contingency was computed at 10% for civil works, equipment, goods, training, and consultancy. Price
contingencies computed on the basis of domestic and international price escalation factors, which include a
provision for potential exchange rate fluctuation assuming purchasing power parity exchange rates. Annual rates
are as follows: foreign currency at 1.4% and local currency at 4.0% for the period 2015 to 2020.
d
Includes interest charges during implementation for ADB loan computed at 5-year LIBOR rate plus spread of 0.6%
and commitment fee of 0.15%.
Source: Asian Development Bank
23. ADB Financing. The Government has requested a $71.0 million equivalent ADB loan
and grant to finance the Project. This amount will be sourced from an ADB grant (to be
determined) for $1.0 million equivalent and $70.0 million equivalent from Ordinary Capital
Resources (OCR) with 25-year term including a 6-year grace period, 0.15% commitment
charge, and interest rates determined in accordance with ADBs London interbank offered rate
(LIBOR)-based lending facility plus 0.6 spread. The loan will finance civil works, equipment,
capital goods, consulting services, and contingencies.
24. Grant Financing. The UEIF of the UFPF will provide the US dollar denominated co-
financing of $2.0 million on a grant basis to be administered by ADB. The UEIF grant will
finance one Subproject involving the establishment of a waste-to-energy facility.
25. Government Contribution. The Government of the Philippines, through the DENR, will
provide $10.83 million equivalent to cover taxes and duties. Additional Government support will
be provided for Project administration and operations during the six-year implementation
estimated at $1.2 million equivalent from DENR and $0.32 million equivalent from the LGUs.

Page 12
The host LGU will cover land acquisition, involuntary resettlement and equity for the waste-to-
energy facility. Financing plan is shown in the following table.
Table 3: Financing Plan
($ million)
Total Percent
ADB - OCR Loan 70.00 73.6

ADB Grant 1.00 1.0
Urban Financing Partnership Facility 2.00 2.1
National Government 16.56 17.4
Local Governments 5.57 5.9
95.13 100.0
5. Implementation Arrangements
26. The DENR will be the executing agency and the DENR-EMB will be the implementing
agency responsible for overall strategic planning, guidance and management of the Project.
LGUs are recipient partners. Both parties responsibilities are described in the memorandum of
understanding (MOU).11 Once approved by the Sangguniang Bayan, overall management of
the implementation of the subproject shall emanate from the Office of the Municipal Mayor
through the Office of the Municipal Administrator. The key organizations in the implementation
of the project are the SWM Board, the MENRO and other LGU offices. The MENRO shall be
responsible for (i) project planning, implementation, monitoring, and supervision; (ii) reporting to
SWM Board and DENR-EMB regional project management office (PMO); and (iii) coordination
with DENR for all project activities. These will include consulting services, project management,
engineering design, construction supervision, procurement of goods and services, institutional
development, capacity building, and community awareness and participation.
C. PROJECT BENEFITS, IMPACTS AND JUSTIFICATION
1. Project Benefits and Beneficiaries

27. The Project aims to promote inclusive growth and avoid or mitigate impacts, social risks
and vulnerabilities among the poor sectors of the community. Project beneficiaries will benefit
significantly through the improvement of SWM facilities and collection system in all of the
Project sites leading to improved environmental surroundings, better health and sanitation, and
increased employment opportunities. Through an improved SWM service delivery, waste
management at the household levels will improve with enhanced participation of all households
and residents. With full participation of project beneficiaries, cleaner surroundings and better
sanitation will be achieved in their immediate vicinities. An enhanced attitude and knowledge in
proper waste disposal will help reduce indiscriminate throwing of garbage on the roadside,
11
See sample MOU between DENR and LGU in, Annex 6.

Page 13
rivers and coastal areas and seas. Consequently, the of environmental pollution and water
borne diseases will expectedly decrease.
28. With the implementation of the Project, potential employment opportunities will be
available for the project beneficiaries, including construction work at the land fill sites or at the
MRF facilities, sorting or the creation of livelihood activities using recyclable materials into
finished products. As the environment is improved, investments and business opportunities will
increase. Overall, improvement in wellness will further improve productivity among the project
beneficiaries.
29. As stakeholders expect to benefit from improved environmental condition and sanitation
and business opportunities, contribution and participation to SWM project sustainability include:
(i) compliance to SWM ordinances; (ii) payment of garbage fees; (iii) segregation of household
waste and proper waste disposal; and (iv) assistance in the conduct of IEC and advocacy
activities at the barangay level.
30. Affordability and Willingness-to-Pay. An affordability analysis was conducted to
determine if households, particularly those in the low-income group, can afford to pay the
proposed garbage fee. The results of the analysis revealed that the percentage of monthly
household income spent on garbage fee does not exceed 1%12. Based on generally accepted
affordability principle that the expenditure on garbage shall not exceed 1% of household
income, the proposed fees are considered affordable. The socio-economic survey conducted in
each municipality revealed that a great majority of respondents expressed support to the
proposed subprojects. The proposed fees are within the respondents willingness to pay.
31. Participation and Communication Strategy. The objectives of the communication
strategy are to: (i) ensure the appropriate understanding of the stakeholders, particularly the
beneficiaries, about the project objectives, benefits, and mechanisms; (ii) draw feedback from
project beneficiaries during project implementation; and (iii) sustain interest and change of
behavior of stakeholders on SWM.
32. One-on-one communication strategy and continuing dialogues with project beneficiaries
and residents will be strengthened by the SWM teams to bring messages across and get
feedback on the project implementation, including appropriate waste segregation, time
schedules for garbage pick-up, issues and concerns on SWM activities, and garbage fees,
among others, in their daily monitoring activities.
33. On attitude and behavioral change, the interpersonal approach will be used in discussing
penalties, violations and reward system, and other concerns and issues. Strict compliance with
established rules and penalties and rewards usually strengthen behavior change among the
project beneficiaries. Interpersonal communication strategy establishes rapport and trust with
stakeholders and beneficiaries, which will help in further actions towards positive change.
34. Income and Livelihood Restoration. The four pilot sub-projects do not involve any
land acquisition, as identified infrastructure investments (construction and/or rehabilitation of
SLF, MRF and Waste-To-Energy (WTE) Facility) will be carried out entirely on government-
owned or government-leased property. There are also no affected households (AHs) in the Del
12 World Bank. Technical Paper. MSW Incineration, 3%-4% from an average household income for developing
countries.

Page 14
Carmen and Malay/Aklan sub-projects as no non-land assets or existing livelihood/income-

generating activities will be temporarily/permanently affected by sub-project investments.
35. However, project activities in the two remaining sub-projects (i.e. For the Janiuay sub-
project, closure of the existing dumpsite in the municipality; and strict implementation of no
mixed waste dumping in the La Trinidad sub-project) will have both direct and indirect adverse
impacts on the livelihoods of active waste pickers who will no longer be able to continue waste
picking activities in the existing dumpsites.
36. Sample RPs have thus been prepared for project appraisal for (i) the Janiuay sub-
project; and, (ii) the La Trinidad sub-project. Involuntary resettlement impacts for the Janiuay
sub-project involves permanent economic displacement (loss of livelihood/income source) of 18
affected households (95 affected persons) that currently derive income from separating and
selling recyclable waste in the existing dumpsite the municipality. Of these, 17 AHs (87 APs) are
considered severely affected, as the loss of livelihood/income from waste picking is equivalent
to 10% or more of their total income. Involuntary Resettlement impacts for the La Trinidad sub-
project likewise involves permanent economic displacement (loss of livelihood/income source)
of 28 AHs (135 APs) that currently derive income from separating and selling recyclable waste
in La Trinidads existing SLF. All 28 AHs (135 APs) in La Trinidad will be severely affected, as
the loss of livelihood/income from waste picking is equivalent to 10% or more of their total
income.
37. Given the identified impacts, the Project is proposed Category B for involuntary
resettlement. Other RPs will be prepared during project implementation stage as and when the
sites are identified and land acquisition and involuntary resettlement impacts are assessed.
Public consultations with affected households have been undertaken during RP preparation and
consultations with concerned stakeholders will continue throughout the project cycle.
38. Indigenous People (IP). There are no IPs in Siargao Island (where the Del Carmen
sub-project is located) and thus no sub-project impacts on IPs. Although there are IPs
(Bukidnon Tribe and Aetas) residing in Janiuay Municipality, they are in the more mountainous
areas and not where project civil works will be carried out. There are no affected IP households
in the Janiuay sub-project. Boracay Island (Malay/Boracay sub-project) is home to the Ati (also
referred to as Aetas) indigenous group, and they have a Certificate of Ancestral Domain Title
(CADT) over a 2.1-hectare area in Barangay Manoc-Manoc. However, sub-project civil works
will not overlap with their ancestral domain and there are no affected IP households for the sub-
project. The livelihoods of 25 IP households (21 AHs are Ibaloi, another two (2) AHs are Ifugao,
and one (1) AH is Kalanguya) who engage in waste picking as a source of income will be
affected due to project activities in the La Trinidad sub-project; however, waste picking is not a
traditional livelihood source of the IP groups and the impacts will be addressed as part of
income restoration measures described in the sub-project resettlement plan.
39. The ADB Safeguard Policy Statement (2009) states, the Indigenous Peoples
safeguards are triggered if a project directly or indirectly affects the dignity, human rights,
livelihood systems, or culture of Indigenous Peoples or affects the territories or natural or
cultural resources that Indigenous Peoples own, use, occupy or claim as their ancestral
domain. The project will not cause any of these conditions to occur, particularly as the sub-
projects will be in primarily urban areas. The Project is thus proposed as Category C for the IP
safeguard. However, an Indigenous Peoples Planning Framework (IPPF) has been prepared to
guide the preparation of any Indigenous Peoples Plan (IPP) required during project
implementation.

Page 15
40. Gender. A more in-depth poverty and social analysis (PSA) in the project design phase
is necessary to assess whether the proposed Project could best promote inclusive growth and
avoid or mitigate social risks and vulnerabilities. As an integral part of the project design
process, and developed in parallel with the technical and economic considerations, the PSA
provides the basis for setting targets in the Design and Monitoring Framework and mitigation
plans, and as baseline for monitoring poverty reduction and social impacts of the Project during
implementation.
2. Economic and Financial Analysis

41. All the four subprojects were subjected to economic analysis to determine their viability.
In undertaking the analysis, the quantification and valuation of economic benefits varied
depending on the subproject components. The EIRR was computed at 20% for Del Carmen,
22% for Janiuay, 32% for La Trinidad and 18% for Malay. They all exceeded the 12% economic
opportunity cost of capital assumed by ADB. The EIRRs remained above 12% in all sensitivity
tests. Quantified economic benefits included: (i) economic efficiency resulting from recovery of
recyclable materials; (ii) economic value of compost materials; and (iii) health benefits to the
people in the service and adjacent areas. The expected beneficiaries of the Project constitute a
diverse group which includes households, business establishments, tourists, and tourism
service providers. Economic costs were derived from the financial estimates of capital
investments and operation and maintenance (O&M) costs after eliminating all duties and taxes,
estimating the traded and non-traded components of costs, and multiplying the net results by
appropriate conversion factors (CFs) based on guidelines set by the Investment Coordination
Committee of the National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA-ICC): a shadow
exchange rate for traded goods of 1.2, and a shadow wage rate factor of 0.6 for unskilled labor.
42. The proposed subprojects are considered revenue-generating, thus financial internal
rate of returns (FIRRs) were computed taking into consideration the level of fees that can be
collected from their operations. These include garbage fee, tipping fee, environmental fee, and
income from recyclables and compost materials. Resulting FIRRs are 7% for Del Carmen, 5%
for Janiuay, 11% for both La Trinidad and Malay. All are above the computed weighted average
cost of capital of 2.5%. Sensitivity analysis was likewise conducted to test the impact of adverse
conditions such as decrease in revenue and/or increase in costs and positive results were
demonstrated. Profit and Loss Statements. and Cash Flow Statements were likewise prepared
to determine the sustainability of the subprojects. Except for Janiuay which will have negative
net income after depreciation during the first three years of operation, the other three
subprojects will be able to cover fully their O&M and depreciation expenses for the whole
evaluation period.
3. Governance
43. An assessment of the financial management and fund disbursement system indicated
that the transparency and accountability elements of good governance have been adhered to by
the DENR. Through their direct participation and involvement in undertaking procurement
procedures of ADB-financed projects, the DENR has developed an institutional capacity to
undertake international and national competitive bidding for civil works, goods and consulting
services. Capacity development and training assistance will be provided to the DENR on
financial and procurement management and fund disbursement. ADBs Anticorruption Policy
(1998, as amended from time to time) was also explained to and discussed with the
government.

Page 16
4. Environmental Considerations
44. The provision of environmental safeguards in all development projects is mandated by
Presidential Decree 1586 that establishes the Philippine Environmental Impact Statement
System (PEISS). The implementing guidelines of the system are detailed in the Revised
Procedural Manual for DENR Administrative Order No. 30, Series of 2003 (DAO 03-30),
Implementing Rules and Regulations of Presidential Decree No. 1586, Establishing the
Philippine Environmental Impact Statement System. The manual provides that the
environmental impact assessment (EIA) study shall determine the environmental impacts of the
project and shall provide recommendations or guidance at various stages of the project cycle. It
further provides all requirements and processes for the issuance of environmental clearance
certificate (ECC). It was agreed during the consultations with ADB that the required level of
study that shall be conducted will be what the Government of the Philippines requires.
45. Overall, the potential impacts of the subproject are very positive, benefiting both the
environment and the people. It is anticipated that some negative impacts shall emerge during
implementation, but are nonetheless confined within the SLF and WTE areas and have short
duration, i.e., dust and noise. In general, no significant adverse environmental impacts may be
attributed to the implementation of the Project. Otherwise, these impacts can be easily,
reasonably, and cheaply mitigated and prevented through adequate measures and regular
monitoring during the design, construction, and operation phases.
46. As part of environmental impact assessment, the Consultant should assist the
Proponent LGU in calculating the contribution of the current solid waste management practices
of the LGU as well as the projected GHG emissions with the proposed project. These
calculations shall be based on the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories. Information about the annual solid waste disposal, amount of waste collected,
amount of waste brought to the open dumpsite or landfill sites, amount of recyclable wastes,
amount of composted waste materials and amount o wastes that are burned needs to be
gathered to calculate the GHG contribution. In all waste diversion and management methods,
the percent composition of waste needs to be established. The GHG calculation model
developed by the Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES) can be downloaded the
http://pub.iges.or.jp/modules/envirolib/view.php?docid=4273 As solid waste management data
collection progresses with the implementation of the project, GHG emission calculation shall be
continued to establish the GHG inventory with the project and its comparison with baseline GHG
emissions. The list of data requirements for the estimation of the GHG emissions can be found
in the EARF while further information on the IPCC 2006 Guidelines can be downloaded from the
IPCC National Greenhouse Gas Inventories website http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/.
Appendices from 6 to 9 present GHG Emissions without and with the project in the pilot LGUs
47. The Government will report the status of compliance with ADBs Safeguards Policy
Statement. The proponent LGU will prepare and submit periodic progress and monthly
monitoring reports to the DENR-EMB and PMO. Semi-annual environmental monitoring reports
shall be submitted to ADB describing the progress of implementation of the EMP and
compliance issues and corrective actions, if any. In addition, semi-annual ECC compliance
monitoring report and quarterly self-monitoring reports shall be submitted by the proponent LGU
to the DENR in compliance with the Philippine Environmental Impact Statement System. Costs
associated with environmental management and monitoring will be integrated in the subproject
implementation package.

Page 17
5. Risks and Mitigation Measures

48. Three categories of risks were considered in this study: (i) those under the control of the
Project, (ii) those that depend on the decisions or actions of the Government and other
agencies, and (iii) those associated with uncontrollable events.
49. Institutional and governance risks under the control of the Project were rated low to
medium. Risks concerning policy, physical component, and procurement, social, environmental
and financial were rated medium to high. Economic risks were rated low.
50. Risks that depend on decisions or actions of the Government or other agencies include
non-approval by the National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA), delays in project
implementation, uncertain and vacillating policies on investments in general, and poor
governance and corruption that may affect project implementation. These have been rated
medium to high.
51. Risks associated with uncontrollable and unforeseeable events include decline in
economic conditions, low investor interest, occurrence of natural hazards specifically
earthquakes and major storms, and delay in project implementation due to strikes, closure,
opposition by civic society, and other politically-driven external factors. Risks related to low
investor interest are rated medium to high due to the uncertainties in the proposed technology to
generate power from waste. The rest of the identified risks are rated low to medium.
52. Appropriate mitigation measures shall be implemented to reduce, if not eliminate, the
impacts of the identified risks so that the subproject components can be implemented on a
sustained basis. To respond properly to possible opposition of political, civil society or activist
groups for SWM fees, technology or site development, IEC program has been already prepared
to increase transparency and knowledge and advocacy of the positive social and environmental
impacts of the project to mitigate risks at project delay or low investor's interest. The technical
risk of using WTE can be addressed through the participation of the private sector that
possesses the knowledge and experience and the validation of the SWM conditions established
in the feasibility study during the design stage.
6. Conclusions and Recommendations

53. The proposed PSWMP when implemented can address the current gaps on the SWM
system of the concerned municipality. This will lead to the enhancement of the current
segregated collection system; automated, faster, sanitary and more efficient recovery of
recyclables; and address the issue of management of the unprocessed biodegradables by
processing these materials together (at least 50 tpd) with residuals to produce RDF. This can be
used to generate electricity though gasification and reduce the amount of residues to be
disposed to 15%. Landfill mining and clean-up of the MRF sites will be common activities,
including use of the stockpiled residuals for additional power generation; expansion of the
capacity of the SLF; capacity building of the SWM staff of LGUs and institution of a systematic
recording, storage and retrieval of SWM data. The semi-automated MRFs generate revenues
from the sale of power and recyclables.
54. The operation of the resource recovery facility (RRF) and the waste to energy (WTE)
facility will be undertaken by the private sector that will provide the technical know-how and
experience which the LGUs currently do not possess.
55. Once the grant has been approved, detailed engineering studies on waste composition
and generation, and for the facilities and collection system, should be conducted to validate and
update the findings in the feasibility study.

Page 18
I. BRIEF INTRODUCTION OF THE PHILIPPINE SOLID WASTE

MANAGEMENT SECTOR PROJECT
A. Background
56. The Philippines is an archipelago of 7,107 islands having a population of about 98.7
million13 in 2013. Its total land area, including inland bodies of water, is approximately 300,000
square kilometers. It is bordered by the Philippine Sea to the east, the West Philippine Sea to
the west, and the Celebes Sea to the south.
57. The Philippine Solid Waste Management Sector Project (PSWMSP) comprises the
entire islands of the Philippines with 1,635 urban and rural communities. Four pilot LGUs (see
Figure 1.1) have been selected for the Project Preparatory Technical Assistance (PPTA), which
covers three different categories: (i) clustered LGUs with a host municipality such as Janiuay in
Iloilo Province on the island of Panay; ii) tourist destinations in Del Carmen, Siargao Island in
Surigao Del Norte and Boracay Island in the municipality of Malay, Aklan Province; and iii) a
stand-alone project in La Trinidad, Benguet Province.
58. The urban population has been growing very fast in recent years due to migration from
rural to urban areas as people seek better employment prospects in the cities. It is estimated
that 63% of the total population14 of the Philippines now reside in urban areas. It is projected
that about 117 million or 84% of Filipinos will be residing in urban areas by 2050.
59. The Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) is aware of the local
government units (LGUs) massive challenge in managing rapid and largely unplanned urban
growth. Its major concern is the lack of functional solid waste management (SWM) systems,
which not only pollutes groundwater and surface water but also threatens the environment and
public health. It has also recognized that the inadequate or inexistent land use law is associated
with imbalanced urban development and furthermore poor SWM infrastructure provision. This
has impact also on urban informal settlers who are mostly residing in low-lying coastal areas
and riverbanks and have been used to the practice of disposing their garbage directly into the
waterways15 causing frequent flooding during the rainy season.
60. However, the potential remains for SWM to achieve significant improvement and
sustainability in the coming years. The current administration is leading the way forward but
long-term, sustainable solutions for SWM have to be defined as soon as possible. To quote
DENR Secretary Paje, Without new technology adaptation and framework, regressive
subsidies will continue for SWM. The Philippines future SWM shall shift focus from hauling to
waste treatment, and resource and energy recovery, which bring the greatest benefits in terms
of economy, environment, and climate change mitigation.
61. To solve complex environmental infrastructure issues related to SWM development,
massive SWM infrastructure program with capacity development and information, education,
and communication (IEC) support are needed. This Project is expected to initiate further
investment to SWM to increase operational efficiency, improve service delivery, and result in
positive impact on urban economy, health, and well-being for the people of the Philippines. The
13
World Population Review. December 2013.
14
ADB. City Competitiveness and Cluster-Based Economic Development, Urbanization Trends, Selected Asian
Countries and the World. 19502030.
15
The river sludge garbage survey conducted by the Department of Public Works and Highways in 2004 indicates
that 2,075 tons per day were collected from five major pumping stations in Metro Manila.

Page 19
Project Design and Monitoring Framework (DMF) and Problem Tree are presented in
Appendices 1 and 2, respectively.
La Trinidad
Malay/Boracay
Janiuay Del Carmen
Source: PPTA consultant.
Figure 1.1 The Project Sites

Page 20
B. Project Objectives
62. The PPTA objective is to develop the PSWMSP which supports the strategic objectives of
the National Development Plan 20112016 and the recently approved National Solid Waste
Management Strategy 20112016. The strategy complements the Ecological Solid Waste
Management Act or Republic Act (RA) 9003 to foster economic development, competitiveness,
and well-being in the Philippines, and is suitable for Asian Development Bank (ADB) financing. The
PPTA will produce a sector project for ADB engagement over the next six years in the
Philippines.
63. The Projects primary objective will be focused on the following:
SWM at the LGU level to implement RA 9003, which mandates the LGUs to take
primary responsibility for their SWM;
Improvement of SWM infrastructure, human resources, and institutional capacity for
SWM; and
Strengthening of public heath, environment, and ecosystem in LGUs.
C. Selection Procedure for LGUs

64. The PPTA began on 7 January 2013 with the Inception Phase. One of the main tasks
was to select candidate LGUs for the Project. The first selection took place on 22 March 2013
when the Environment Management Bureau (EMB) recommended Del Carmen and Janiuay as
tourism and cluster pilot areas, respectively. A month later, on 22 April 2013, EMB selected La
Trinidad.
65. During the field surveys, the consultant noted that solid waste generation at Del Carmen
is very small, therefore, ADB requested the PPTA consultant to find another municipality or city
which has greater solid waste generation and urgent need for improvement of its SWM system.
Several LGUs were recommended to DENR during the selection procedure. Finally, the
selection procedure was over when Boracay was accepted by the Foreign-Assisted and Special
Projects Office (FASPO) on 8 May 2013. Malay/Boracay, Del Carmen, Janiuay, and La Trinidad
are representative LGUs for a model for the PSWMSP, which is expected to start in the first
quarter of 2015. The selection matrix for the four pilot LGUs is presented in Annex 1 and the
procedure employed in the selection of the LGUs is presented in Annex 2. A summary of the
selection of the Proposed Highly Urbanized Cities (HUCs) is presented in Annex 3 and 3.1 - 3.5

Page 21
II. RATIONALE: PERFORMANCE INDICATORS, PROBLEMS,

AND OPPORTUNITIES
A. Performance Indicators
1. Population
66. The Philippines is one of the fastest urbanizing countries in Asia. Since 2000, the
countrys population has increased by 1.9% annually on the average, and reached a total
population of 100 million in 2014 according to the National Statistics Office (NSO). Fast-growing
urbanization, population, migration, and economic development are increasingly requiring better
services and infrastructure. Economic growth is fueled by Cavite, Laguna, Batangas, Rizal, and
Quezon (CALABARZON), apart from Metro Manila, Bulacan and Pampanga having a combined
population of 38 million. There are 43 cities and municipalities with over 300,000 inhabitants,
and six cities and municipalities with over 1 million population, with Quezon City alone having
2.7 million inhabitants. The Southern Luzon Economic Hub contributes over 70% of the
Philippines gross domestic product (GDP), which directly reflects the waste generation and
energy demand. Growing waste generation with changes in consumers and households
behavior has increased waste generation to about 0.15 kg per capita during the last two
decades.
67. During the same period from 2000 to 2013, the population in the entire Philippines has
increased by 22.5 million people--exacerbating the demand for SWM services and
infrastructure. Cities are facing severe flooding and natural disasters related to climate change,
which is partially contributed by poor SWM. Problems will arise in the future, when urban
population is expected to grow by as much as 67% by 2030, adding an additional 34.8 million
inhabitants to the countrys urban areas. Urgent actions are needed from the Government of the
Philippines to prepare services and infrastructure in response to current growth challenges.
2. Economy
68. The Philippines has shown steady progress in economic growth. Most particularly, in
the last two years (2012-2013), the Philippines posted high GDP growth rates, reaching 6.6% in
2012 and 7.7% in the first quarter and 7.5% in the second quarter of 2013, the highest GDP
growth rates in Asia during the first two quarters of 2013, overtaking the Peoples Republic of
China and Indonesia. The third quarter growth of 7.0 % was driven by the services sector with
the robust performance of real estate, rental and business activities, trade and financial
intermediation sustained by the accelerated growth of the industry sector (NSCB, 2013). The
overall GDP growth rate in 2012 is 6.6 %, with the services sector posting the highest, 7.4%,
followed by the industry sector, 6.5% and 2.7% for the agriculture, forestry and services sector.
69. As a newly industrialized country, the Philippine economy still relies heavily on the
agricultural sector, however, services have come to dominate the economy. The agricultural
sector makes up 12% of the GDP and employs 33% of the workforce. The type of activity
ranges from small subsistence farming and fishing to large commercial ventures largely by
multinational corporations.
70. Much of the industrial sector is based on processing and assembly operations in the
manufacturing of electronics and high-tech components, usually from foreign multinational
corporations.
71. The business process outsourcing (BPO) industry has contributed significantly to local
employment demand. The Philippines is considered as a location of choice due to its many

Page 22
outsourcing benefits such as less expensive operational and labor costs and high proficiency in
spoken English and highly educated labor pool. In 2011, the BPO industry generated 700,000
jobs and some $11 billion revenues, 24% higher in 2010. By 2016, the industry revenue is
projected to reach $27.4 billion in revenue with employment generation to almost double at 1.3
million workers.
72. Dollar remittances from overseas Filipino workers (OFWs) is expected to grow even
more, with the record $22.5 billion sent by OFWs in 2013, a major source of the countrys
foreign exchange reserves and contributing as buffer to financial shocks. Public-private
partnerships (PPP) for major infrastructure that has been in place will help to spur growth in the
industries including agriculture, manufacturing and mining industries. Such growth is expected
to trickle down and reach the lower sectors of the poor which make growth really inclusive, in
particular the 40% who lives on $2 a day.
3. Poverty
73. In eradicating poverty, the Philippines posted minimal achievement, particularly, in the
rural areas. Two of every three poor people in the country are in the rural areas and depend
predominantly on agricultural employment and incomes. Poverty incidence among agricultural
households is about four times that of the rest of the population. Although the share of the
agricultural sector in the total labor force has gone down from about one-half in the late 1980s
to only a little more than one-third by 2000s, the sector continues to account for nearly two-
thirds of poverty.
74. High poverty incidence was seen to be influenced by many factors such as (i) lack of
productive employment opportunities due to low economic growth, (ii) unequal access to
opportunities, and (iii) inadequate social safety nets. Unequal opportunities are caused by weak
human capabilities due to unequal access to education, health, and other social services.
Inadequate social safety nets include unequal access to infrastructures including credit, poor
governance, weak institutions and deficient policies. Regional per capita thresholds and poverty
incidence in the three regions and province of the four pilot LGUs are shown below.
Table 2.1: Regional per capita Poverty Thresholds and Poverty Incidence in the Pilot
Subproject Areas
Per Capita Poverty Poverty Incidence Among
Region/Province
Threshold (PhP) Families (%)
2006 2009 2012 2006 2009 2012
Philippines 13,348 16,841 18,935 21.1 20.5 19.7
CAR 12,976 16,217 19,140 21.1 19.2 17.5
Benguet 12,944 15,820 19,140 4.0 4.2 2.8
Region VI 12,432 16,036 18,029 22.7 23.6 22.8
Aklan 13,182 16,907 17,707 32.2 36.7 20.4
Iloilo 12,827 16,584 18,827 16.8 19.9 20.8
CARAGA 12,935 16,858 19,629 41.7 46.0 31.9
Surigao Del Norte 13,233 17,261 20.566 41.6 48.9 33.8
Source: NSCB. December 2013.
75. The Philippines posted an annual per capita poverty threshold of about Php18,935 in
2012 from Php16,841 in 2009. Poverty incidence among families is decreasing from 21.0% in
2006 to 19.7% in 2012. Among the four provinces covered by the project in 2012, Benguet has

Page 23
the lowest poverty incidence among families accounting for 2.8 % while Surigao del Norte
posted the highest at 32%.
76. Reducing poverty incidence remains to be a continuing challenge for the Philippines.
The Philippine Development Plan (2011-2016) has targeted poverty reduction with inclusive
growth. It is expected that the poorest of the poor will be a priority in the provision of basic social
services including livelihood and employment.
4. Environmental Health
77. Promoting environmental health is a mandate of the Department of Health (DOH),
particularly the Environmental and Occupational Health Office of the National Center for
Disease Prevention and Control. The program strategies and activities are focused on
environmental sanitation, environmental health impact assessment, and occupational health
through inter-agency collaboration.
78. Environmental health deals with all aspects of the natural and built environment that
may affect the health of a person. It addresses all the physical, chemical, and biological factors
outside of the person, and all related factors affecting behavior. It encompasses the assessment
and control of environmental factors that can potentially affect the health of the people.16
79. The World Health Organization identifies five areas of concern in environmental
health. These are
water, sanitation and hygiene: drinking water safety, excreta management, food
sanitation, personal hygiene, and safe water recreation;
quality of the physical environment: control of outdoor and indoor air pollution, waste
management, chemical safety, and noise pollution control;
health in specific settings such as in workplaces, public places, and housing;
emergency preparedness and response; and
adaptation to climate change.
80. The discussions below focus on SWM in the Philippines, specifically at the LGU level,
as it relates to concerns on environmental health, disaster (emergency) preparedness and
response, and climate change.
81. Some of the more commonly reported environmental health and injury issues related to
SWM as documented by the World Bank (2006)17 in middle and lower-income countries,
including the Philippines, are as follows:
contaminated leachate and surface runoff from land disposal facilities affecting down-
gradient groundwater and surface water quality;
methane and carbon dioxide air emissions from land disposal facilities adding to global
warming, and subsequently, vector-borne disease abundance and pathogen survival;
volatile organic compounds in air emissions and inconclusive evidence on altered
cancer incidence, birth defects, and infant mortality, as well as psychological stress for
16
WHO. 1993.
17
Cointreau, Sandra. 2006. Occupational and Environmental Health Issues of Solid Waste Management: Special
Emphasis on Middle- and Lower-Income Countries. Urban Papers UP-2. World Bank Group. Washington, DC.

Page 24
those living near solid waste incinerators or inadequately controlled land disposal
facilities;
animals feeding on solid waste providing a food chain path for transmitting animal and
human diseases;
uncollected wastes retaining water and clogged drains, thus leading to stagnant waters
that encourage mosquito vector abundance; and
uncollected wastes providing food and breeding sites for insect, bird, and rodent disease
vectors.
5. Climate Change
82. Climate change is a global phenomenon that requires global solutions. As more Asian
nations became industrialized economies during the 20th century, energy consumption has
increased greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions that are trapped in the ozone atmosphere of the
earth, causing global warming. Climate change is the consequence of global warming. If no
action is taken, it is likely to intensify in the years to come. Under a high-emission scenario
developed by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2007), the global mean
temperature increase could reach 4C and would have serious impact on the worlds growth and
development.
83. Greater Metro Manila, the largest metropolitan region in the country has 34 million
people; other large urban areas include Metro Cebu and Davao City. Overall, there are 326
cities and urban municipalities which are located in coastal areas. As a consequence of the
archipelagic nature of the country, nearly all of these urban centers are located in or near the
coast, which exposes a huge segment of the population as well as much of the country's
economic infrastructure to risks associated with climate change. All actions to mitigate climate
change should therefore be taken into consideration.
84. Fast-growing economy and improved living conditions are requiring more energy.
During the last ten years, natural gas has supported energy productions at about 35%.
However, increase in energy demand has currently been fulfilled by coal. Today, electricity
production contributes to 28% CO2 emissions in Metro Manila. Traffic has the overwhelmingly
highest CO2 emission of about 63%, while SW represents CO2 equivalent emission of only 9%.
85. The Philippines is prone to man-made and natural disasters. In recent years, tangible
impacts of climate change have been experienced in the Philippines. According to the Joint
Report18 of the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration
(PAGASA) and various United Nations agencies, the extreme weather events will continue to
become more frequent in the near future. On 8 November 2013, super typhoon Yolanda hit
Tacloban City with full force, causing massive destruction. The death toll stands at 6,900 people
in Eastern Visayas alone. Many are still missing. Infrastructures, public services, agriculture,
forest, and livelihoods of the people were wiped out by the storm surges. Reconstruction will
take years and is projected to cost billions of dollars19. Further, emission reduction using the
best available technology should be taken into account and implemented systematically in
SWM.
18
A joint study with Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) and
United Nations Development Program (UNDP) Philippines and the various UN agencies (UNEP, FAO, WHO, UN
Habitat) Strengthening the Philippines Institutional Capacity to Adapt to Climate Change in 2009.
19 ADB Assistance to Typhoon Recovery Reaches $1 Billion. 18 December 2013.

Page 25
6. Solid Waste Management in LGUs

86. Out of 1,635 municipalities and cities in the country, 557 have submitted their 10-Year
Solid Waste Management plans; 43 of these plans have been approved and several
conditionally approved by the National Solid Waste Management Commission (NSWMC). Out of
the 16 cities and one municipality in Metro Manila, only nine have submitted their plans, of
which only one has been approved. This indicates low progress of LGUs to comply with RA
9003 for which targets set in the Philippine Development Plan 20112016 have yet to be
attained. Of the about 42,000 barangays nationwide, 8,486 have MRFs. In Metro Manila, 956
barangays are served by MRFs, which is equivalent to 56 % compliance rate. There are 995
existing disposal facilities in the country, 321 controlled dumpsites, and 602 open dumpsites. To
date, 72 SLS serving 112 LGUs and 53 SLFs are under construction.
87. A 2007 World Bank-funded study20 commissioned by NEDA on the estimated volume
of waste diversion and capacities for SLF facilities showed that with efficient waste diversion,
90% of municipalities and cities shall generate solid waste of less than 15 tpd, and more
than 92%, if a 25% waste diversion is implemented as mandated by law. Based on this
volume, LGUs would only need a Category 1 SLF (based on DENR DAO 10-2006) or only a
21
simplified landfill with less stringent technical requirements than an engineered landfill.
88. The waste diversion in Metro Manila has increased to 42% from the 34% recorded in
2011. This improvement can be attributed to the increase in operational MRFs, implementation
of ecological SWM in areas with homeowners associations, implementation of LGU-wide SWM
in 128 LGUs nationwide, and massive advocacy campaign and knowledge enhancement
programs. Likewise, the closure of open and controlled dumpsites has also increased by 7.9%,
from the 1,027 open and controlled dumpsites recorded in 2011 to 946 in 2012, Annex 422
89. According to the NSWMC, urban areas generate about 22,000 tons of solid waste per
day. This volume is projected to increase to 28,000 tpd by 2025. CALABARZON, which
accounts for 28% of the countrys population and covers 8% of the land area, generates about
38%23 of the total solid waste in the Philippines. Most of the existing dump sites in
CALABARZON are nearly full. There is a looming solid waste crisis not only in Metro Manila and
Cebu, but also in many LGUs24. Long-term solution for SWM is needed for urban hubs as well
as at the LGU level. Given the extent and gravity of the problem, urgent actions are required to
scale up investments in the SWM sector.
90. SWM at the national strategic economic hubs such as CALABARZON, Bulacan,
Pampanga, Metro Iloilo, Metro Cebu, and Metro Davao requires substantial financial and
technological inputs. Private sector participation is necessary to expedite SWM infrastructure
development.
91. LGU mandate on SWM. The management of solid waste in the Philippines is a basic
service function of LGUs as provided in Section 17 (Basic Services and Facilities) of the Local
Government Code (LGC). It states that barangays, municipalities, and cities shall be
20
NEDA and World Bank. 2007,Study on Cost-sharing framework for Solid Waste Management in the Philippines.
21
DENR Administrative Order (DAO) No. 10, Series of 2006, refers to the guidelines on the categorized final disposal
facilities into four categories based on net residual waste generation, after taking into account the waste diverted
through composting, recycling, and recovery efforts and taking into consideration the environmental, financial, and
socio-economic conditions of the LGUs, including its hydro-geological dimensions. These guidelines comply with
Sections 37, 40, 41 and 42 of RA 9003 and DAO No. 2001-34.
22
23
EMB statistical records.
PPTA 8115 study.
24
PPTA Fact Finding Missions from February to May 2013.

Page 26
responsible for the effective and efficient provision of basic services such as SWM. Barangays,
in particular, shall provide for services and facilities related to general hygiene and sanitation,
beautification, and solid waste collection.
92. Municipalities and cities are mandated to provide for solid waste management
disposal system or environment system and services or facilities related to general hygiene and
sanitation.25 The role of the provinces in the provision of SWM services is not directly stated in
the LGC but is implied in the provision of infrastructure facilities that may be funded from
provincial funds.26
93. RA 9003 and its implementing rules and regulations (IRR) reiterate and define the
roles of barangays, cities, municipalities, and provinces with respect to SWM as
follows:27
creation of a Solid Waste Management Board at the city, municipal, and
provincial levels;
creation of an SWM Committee at the barangay level;
submission of a 10-year SWM Plan at the provincial, city or municipal levels;
establishment of MRF in each barangay or cluster of barangays, and city or
municipal centralized MRF;
closure of open dumpsites and conversion into controlled dumpsites by 2004 at
the city or municipal levels; and
banning of controlled dumpsites by 2006 at the city or municipal levels
94. In July 2012, the NSWMC released a report on the state of SWM28 in the Philippines,
which informed the preparation of the National Solid Waste Management Strategy (NSWMS).
The report identified key issues and challenges in the implementation of RA 9003, including key
institutional and local implementation arrangements and challenges. This study takes off from
many of the findings of the NSWMC report.
95. Although a few dozen cities and municipalities have complied with most of their
mandates, other LGUs have shown minimal headway in implementing RA 9003 due to political
influences, varying availability of resources, and low grasp of the technical nature of SWM.
These reasons, according to the GIZ SWM4LGUs Project, are further compounded by the
frequent replacement of SWM officers alongside political transitions since the creation of an
LGU environment and natural resources office (ENRO) is merely optional and not mandated
under the LGC.
96. Local elections in the Philippines happen every three years. Local chief executives and
councilors usually have bare knowledge of the intricacies of waste management techniques and
rely on their city/municipal SWM focal persons for actual implementation. These LGU technical
personnel, whether existing or newly appointed, often do not have formal education on SWM.
25
See Sec. 17 (b)(2)(vi) and 17 (b)(4) of the Local Government Code.
26
See Sec. 17 (b)(3) (vii) of the Local Government Code.
27
NSWMC. 2012. Status of Solid Waste Management in the Philippines. Quezon City (Part 1, July 2012 draft).
28
Assessment of Policy Gaps, Harmonization of Policies and Needs Analysis in the Management of Solid Waste in
the Philippines November 2012 by NSWMC.

Page 27
Often, they perform their duties based on existing local programs and obtain new information on
selected aspects by attending any available seminars and conferences.29
B. Key Problems and Opportunities in the SWM Sector

97. Low solid waste collection efficiency and poor waste disposal have contributed to
environmental and health risks highlighted by ground water and surface pollution, and water
borne diseases. These risks are related to poor dump site management and flooding, and
unhygienic living conditions of the informal sector engaged in the recovery of recyclables in
many towns and cities. Altogether, these resulted in expensive SWM systems that have
persisted through the various crises that have taken place from year 2000 to the present.
98. This section discusses the background of the SWM sector investment program,
highlighting trends in population growth and its distribution, urban economy, and poverty
incidence, as well as the financial and institutional background and the enabling environment for
public-private partnerships (PPPs). An analysis of key problems and opportunities in the SWM
sector is undertaken. The section ends with an overview of lessons learned on SWM
implementation.
1. Urban Economy and Competitiveness

99. Urban areas are engines of economic growth, accounting for over 75% of the
Philippines GDP. CALABARZON including Metro Manila, Bulacan, and Pampanga contribute
more than half of the total GDP. Since 2010, the economic growth has been strong. President
Aquinos administration has tackled corruption and set a fresh business environment in the
Philippines. The GDP is expected to grow by 7% in 201330. The growth was fuelled by the
robust performance of the services sector led by trade and real estate, rent and business
activities, as well as substantial improvements in the manufacturing and construction sectors.
According to ADB, the growth is expected to lose some momentum in 2014; however, the
forecast will be about 6.1%.
2. Urban Planning
100. Theoretically, the Philippine urban planning system has stagnated during the last three
decades. The Land Use Bill has been in the Philippine Congress since 199231. The bill should
provide four major functional uses of land to guide the determination of physical framework
plans. Specifically, the categories are (i) protection of land use; (ii) production of land use; (iii)
settlements development; and (iv) infrastructure developments. The bill reflects directly to all
urban infrastructure development. Investment in SWM and sanitation cannot be made in
isolation from other urban infrastructure planning. This situation is not only hampering the
performance of urban services, but also the competitiveness of the Philippines. The current
administration has set a target for the Congress to approve the Land Use Act.
3. Environmental, Health, and Social Drivers

101. Incidence of water-borne diseases is closely linked to poor SWM and sanitation
access. The absence of communal sewer systems in urban areas has meant that storm water
29
Solid Waste Management for LGUs (SWM4LGUs), GIZ, http://www.swm4lgus.net/download.php?id=4&sub=task1
30
Asian Development Outlook 2013 Update, Economic trends and prospects in developing Asia
31
Senate Bill 3091 or the NLUA is pending on third reading in the Senate, while House Bill 6545 or the National Land
Use and Management Act passed third and final reading in the lower chamber in September 2012.

Page 28
drains are also frequently used for waste and wastewater disposal. Although septage is
collected, generally by private collectors, there is little or no treatment due to the absence of
appropriate facilities. Septage thus is dumped in an uncontrolled manner in waterways,
dumpsites, or apicultural lands. Service providers are required by law to do wastewater
treatment, but regulation and monitoring are inefficient; thus, investment is seldom undertaken
and proper treatment is rare. There are clear health implications, especially in the incidence of
water-borne diseases. The study conducted at Metro Manilas main open dump in 1981
covering 750 waste pickers revealed that 40% had skin disease and 70% had upper respiratory
ailments.32 In another study on child scavengers in the Smokey Mountain in Tondo, Manila, 98%
of these pickers had elevated levels of parasitic infection.
102. On 14 October 2013, the Department of Health (DOH) reported the outbreak of
leptospirosis in Olongapo City in Zambales Province. The outbreak has caused the death toll of
the disease to rise to 11. According to DOH, there are 631 cases of leptospirosis in Olongapo
City. The outbreak hit Olongapo City after the massive flooding in September 2013. Most of the
cases were caused by urine of infected animals, particularly rats. Specifically, leptospirosis has
increased within the people in the vicinity of the dumpsite, since the flood water hit the dumpsite
where there is a great number of rats. Rats are commonplace in dumpsites which are not
properly compacted.
103. There are several environmental health issues that need to be addressed in dealing
with SWM. Increasing public concern and sensitivity to environmental issues are driving this
expanded agenda. These include:
health and environmental impacts of accumulated uncollected waste and
clandestine disposal sites;
health and environmental impacts of bad and chaotic management of
designated/authorized dump-sites;
unsustainable technologies and methodologies in managing dumpsites;
health and environmental impacts of solid waste facilities, including transfer,
composting, and landfill facilities;
air emissions from waste collection and transfer vehicles;
special handling and disposal of hazardous wastes, including healthcare and
industrial hazardous waste.
potential smoke from open burning, odors, insects, rodents, and gaseous emissions;
and
landfill leachate and resulting water contamination and pollution.
104. Poverty is often perceived as a major concern in urban environment. However,
environmental degradation poses greater concern when improving the well-being of the poor.
This is a vicious cycle which can be broken only through environmentally sustainable and pro-
poor urban policies and practices and their sincere implementation. SWM is one area for such
policy and practice.
105. As per the report, Solid Waste Management in the Worlds Cities,33 published by the
Nairobi-based UN-HABITAT: The MDGs were ratified by 189 heads of state at the United
Nations Millennium Summit in September 2000 with the overall objective of halving world
32
Torres E. B., Subida R. D., and Rabuco L. B. 1991. The Profile of Child Scavengers in Smokey Mountain, Balut,
Tondo, Manila.. University of the Philippines College of Public Health.
33
UN-HABITAT. 2010. Solid Waste Management in the Worlds Cities.

Page 29
poverty by 2015. Improving solid waste management systems would contribute to achieving
many of them, in spite of the fact that solid waste is never explicitly mentioned in the MDGs.
106. All of the eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are interconnected. Success or
failure on any one will affect the achievement of the other goals. Environmental sustainability
and poverty abatement interlink all the goals and would form the bulwark of the success of
MDGs.
4. SWM Services Linked to Urban Environment Issues

107. There are several urban environmental issues linked to SWM. These include the risks
of ground and surface water pollution, flooding, climate change and wastage of valuable land
space in metropolitan areas. Each of said issues is individually discussed in the succeeding
paragraphs.
108. Groundwater and surface water pollution. Local water utilities are mainly using
groundwater resources to fulfill the growing water demand, however, poor quality water is often
interrupting adequate supply. Poor SWM has resulted in contaminated drinking water and
waterborne diseases, which remain a major public health concern.
109. Provision of adequate and good quality water and SWM are invariably linked34. Based
on records of the NSWMC, there are at least 602 open dumpsites and 331 controlled dumpsites
in the 17 regions of the Philippines. These dumpsites generally correspond to the collect-and-
dump systems employed by most LGUs. These sites, including municipal solid wastes dumped
next to waterways and other water bodies, generate leachate, which eventually infiltrates into
the subsurface and recharge the shallow unconfined aquifer systems. The leachate may contain
organic and inorganic components that can render the groundwater unfit for human
consumption. The threat of groundwater contamination from leachate becomes more apparent if
one considers that most dumpsites are situated in low-lying areas proximate to rivers or
upstream section of perennial or intermittent waterways.
110. Typical examples of disposal sites include Payatas where leachate gradient is well
above the La Mesa Dam and Rodriguez hence can contaminate downstream aquifer or surface
water systems by way of infiltration into the banks of Marikina River; Tagbilaran City, which has
a large dumpsite on a nearby limestone sinkhole; and the LGUs in the floodplains of
Pangasinan by way of direct infiltration into the permeable alluvial deposits. In Boracay, a
substantial amount of organic waste has been literally buried in Yapac, Balabag and Monoc-
Manoc for over five years. This will cause long-term contamination of the unconfined aquifer
systems locally.
111. The lack of sufficient land for landfilling has created massive waste dumping on both
sides of Laguna Lake. Dumping has started in the open water, which has direct connection to
the main lake. The location of existing dumpsites or proposed areas for sanitary landfills needs
to be evaluated with respect to potential impact on well fields, springs, or catchments serving as
recharge areas for groundwater systems. As much as possible and where practicable, disposal
facilities must not be located upstream of water sources. Where necessary, appropriate
mitigating measures such as the use of liners, solid waste treatment systems, and regular
34
In La Trinidad, about 1,985 households use deep wells either for their own use or shared with other households.
Some 272 households use shallow wells and 162 households use dug wells. Still, a big number of households
totaling some 1,259 have level I water sources, i.e., directly from the rain, spring or rivers.

Page 30
monitoring must be implemented by the concerned LGU or agency. Local initiatives to protect
the environment is a rising trend in many LGUs35 such as in Benguet.
112. Solid waste in a drainage system is causing frequent floods. Urban flooding
intensifies on the combination of climate change, densification of urban cities, and poor
management of storm water and surface runoff, and solid waste collection. Flooding will
continue and will be aggravated without strong law enforcement to control informal settlements
and indiscriminate dumping of solid waste to drainage and waterways. However, it also requires
efficient waste collection and monitoring system from LGUs. In fact, there is no short-term
solution for flood mitigation because in major cities, the storm water and drainage systems are
all well undersized to convey current rainwater.
113. Climate Change. Solid waste disposal and wastewater are significant sources of
methane (CH4). They are estimated to contribute about one-fifth of global anthropogenic
methane emissions according to the International Energy Agency (IEA, 2005). Landfills and
open dumps remain the dominant waste disposal options worldwide. In managed and
unmanaged landfills, anaerobic degradation of organic material occurs, causing CH4 emissions.
Landfill gas is about 50% to 60% methane with the remainder consisting of CO2 and traces of
non-methane volatile organics, halogenated organics, and other compounds (IPCC, 2006).
Incineration and open burning of wastes containing fossil carbon are the most important sources
of CO2 emissions in the waste sector.
114. Solid waste is wasted energy and wasting space in the metropolitan areas. The
National Climate Change Action Plan36 Priority No.6 includes (i) promotion and expansion of
energy efficiency and conservation; (ii) development of sustainable and renewable energy; (iii)
environmentally sustainable transport; and (iv) rehabilitation of energy systems infrastructures.
Solid waste could provide substantial input to energy generation in the Philippines. It is
anticipated that 600 MW37 can be generated from municipal waste with different technology
applications such as biogas, bio-ethanol and bio-diesel from organic waste and refuse-derived
fuel (RDF) for electricity production. However, most of technology applications require, in the
beginning, substantial financial inputs and are, most of the time, technically complex to be
operated by the municipalities. Private sector involvement is thereby necessary in implementing
energy generation solutions for SWM.
5. Consistency with ADBs Country Partnership Strategy and the

Philippines Sector Policies and Strategies
115. ADB has committed funding for solid waste sector initiatives among other urban
environment projects in the Philippines. The proposed Project is in line with ADBs Philippine
Country Partnership Strategy38 and the strategic thrust of ADB's urban operations in the
Philippines. The operational strategy supports sustainable urban economic growth and
development. ADB will align its future operations with three of the five elements of the strategy--
urban competitiveness, sustainable communities, and performance-oriented governance--
which call for economically viable, environmentally sustainable, and socially acceptable
solutions for SWM.
35
http://balilisrc.org/pages/Monitor/monsys.html
36
National Climate Change Commission. Philippine Strategy on Climate Change Action Plan, 2011-2028.
37
PPTA 8115 presentation to EXECOM on June 23, 2013
38
The ADB Country Partnership Strategy 20112016 extends assistance to the key sectors that are expected to
receive high priority under the Philippine Development Plan 20112016.

Page 31
116. The Philippine Development Plan 20112016 outlines the overall development policy
guidelines of the government. It aims for inclusive growth that is rapid, sustained, creates jobs,
and reduces poverty. Special attention is paid to infrastructure development using PPP
schemes, governance, human development, and strengthening of public finance and of financial
institutions. Reducing poverty and inequality is another important priority. Similarly, enhancing
the business environment, especially for small and medium enterprises (SMEs), and improving
their productivity are critical for inclusive growth. The importance of sustainable agriculture and
fisheries is also highlighted by the medium-term development plan.
117. The Philippine Development Plan emphasizes equitable access to basic social
services, such as education, healthcare, and housing as well as stronger social safety nets in
the context of inclusive growth. Environment and natural resources as well as peace and
security are also included in the development plan. Special attention is given to (i)
environmental protection in connection with the continuing deterioration of biodiversity and
natural resources, and (ii) unreliable power supply due to the slow pace of investments in power
generation and maintenance, which is a major obstacle to growth. The proposed PSWMSP
supports the plans strategic targets.
118. Competitiveness. Urban systems play a major role in the economic development of
the country. Given the increasing global integration, the extent to which the cities that comprise
an urban system can play this role depends on their competitiveness relative to other cities of
the region and of the world. The Philippines strategy focuses on five main elements. Three out
of the following five strategic elements are directly linked to improved sustainable SWM:
Improve national competitiveness by increasing productivity and efficiency of urban
industrial regions. Build on existing strengths in manufacturing and producer services.
Focus on export-oriented activities in core export areas (e.g., CALABARZON, Cebu, and
Central Luzon) which are potentially globally competitive.
Support the development of strategic clusters (SWM). Enhance the added value of
existing clusters, support local enterprises, orient development planning, research, and
data collection to clusters.
Increase Metro Manilas attractiveness as a global service center and visitors destination
by improving basic functions, addressing traffic congestion, mobility, pollution, etc.,
essentially taking steps to demonstrate that the city works efficiently.
Support information technology-enabled services to further enhance the countrys
competitive advantage in the sector.
Support the tourism sector and its regional/urban-rural linkages.
6. Philippines Sector Policies and Legal Context of SWM

119. The 1987 Philippine Constitution contains state policies that highlight the concern of
the government on solid waste and related issues. One provision (Article II, Section 16)
mandates the state to protect and advance the right of the people to a balanced and healthy
ecology in accord with the rhythm and harmony of nature. The other provision (Article XIII,
Section 11) directs the government to adopt an integrated and comprehensive approach to
health development, which shall endeavor to make essential goods, health, and other social
services available to all people at affordable cost.
120. The Constitution (Article X, Section 13) likewise recognizes the role of LGUs in
providing social services to the people and authorizes the LGUs to group themselves,
consolidate, or coordinate their efforts, services, and resources for purposes commonly

Page 32
beneficial to them in accordance with law. This constitutional mandate and the specific roles of
the LGUs are emphasized in the LGC, specifically Section 3 which provides for the operative
principles of decentralization. Section 16 or the General Welfare Clause empowers the LGUs
to promote health and safety, to enhance the right of the people to a balanced ecology, and to
preserve the comfort and convenience of their inhabitants. The code directs the national
government agencies that implement projects and programs involved in the maintenance of
ecological balance to consult with LGUs, non-government organizations (NGOs), and other
sectors concerned and explain the goals and objectives of such project or program, its impact
upon the people and the community in terms of environmental or ecological balance. The LGUs
are also authorized to enter into joint ventures or linkages with peoples organizations and
NGOs in promoting ecological balance.
121. The National Solid Waste Management Strategy 2011-2016 comprises eight
components, namely:
1. Bridging Policy Gaps and Harmonizing Policies;
2. Social Marketing and Advocacy;
3. Sustainable SWM Financing Mechanisms;
4. Creating Economic Opportunities;
5. Support for Knowledge Management on Technology, Innovation, and Research;
6. Organizational Development and Enhancing Inter-agency Collaboration;
7. Compliance Monitoring, Enforcement, and Recognition; and
8. Cross-cutting Issues: Good SWM Governance, Caring for Vulnerable Groups, Reducing
Disaster and Climate Change Risks.
122. Cross-cutting issues. These components are envisioned to address the identified
strategic issues and gaps that hinder the smooth implementation of RA 9003 or the Ecological
Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 and the National Solid Waste Management Framework
that gives emphasis to waste avoidance, source reduction, reuse, recycling, and composting.
123. Prior to the enactment of RA 9003, several laws relating to the environment had been
promulgated. Perhaps, the earliest legislation on waste management is the Commonwealth
Act 383 enacted on 5 September 1938, which punished the dumping of refuse or waste matter
or substances of any kind that may bring about the rise or filling in of river beds, or cause
artificial alluvial formations. Foremost of the environmental laws is Presidential Decree 1152 or
the Philippine Environmental Code (Title V) dealing with waste management, its enforcement,
and guidelines. Another major piece of legislation is Presidential Decree 1586 that established
the Environmental Impact Statement System (EISS). This law requires that all agencies and
instrumentalities of the national government, including government-owned and controlled
corporations as well as private corporations, firms and entities, must prepare an environmental
impact statement for every proposed project and undertaking that significantly affects the quality
of the environment. DENR Administrative Order (DAO) 03-30: PEIS Implementation Guidelines
and Procedures, was issued thereafter.
124. Also worth noting is Presidential Proclamation 2146 which declares certain areas and
projects as environmentally critical and within the scope of the EISS. Another relevant decree is
Presidential Decree 825 issued in 1975 penalizing improper disposal of garbage and other
forms of uncleanness. The Code on Sanitation (PD 856) promulgated on 23 December 1975
contains provisions of refuse disposals and industrial hygiene.
125. On 10 June 1987, Executive Order 192 that reorganized the DENR and created the
EMB was issued. The National Environmental Protection Council, National Pollution Control

Page 33
Commission (NPCC), and the Environmental Center of the Philippines were abolished and their
powers and functions were integrated into the EMB. EMB is headed by a director who advises
the secretary of DENR on matters relating to environmental management, conservation, and
pollution control.
126. On 19 October 1993, a Presidential Task Force on Waste Management was set up and
a Project Management Office on Solid Waste Management was created under the said task
force, pursuant to DAO 98-49.
127. RA 8749: Philippine Clean Air Act and its Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR)
- a comprehensive air pollution control policy; intends to apply air quality management in all
sources in order to implement the abatement and control of air pollution.
128. The Clean Air Act outlines the governments measures to reduce air pollution and
incorporate environmental protection into its development plans. It relies heavily on the polluter-
pays principle and other market-based instruments to promote self-regulation among the
population. It sets emission standards for all motor vehicles and issues registration only upon
demonstration of compliance. It also issues pollutant limitations for industry. Polluting vehicles
and industrial processes must pay a charge. Any individual, enterprise, corporation, or group
that installed pollution control devices or retrofitted its existing facilities to comply with the
emissions standards in the act can apply for tax incentives of accelerated depreciation,
deductibility of research and development (R&D) expenditures, or tax credits on the value
added tax (VAT) of the equipment, and is exempt from real property tax on the machinery or
equipment used to comply. It also establishes an R&D program for air pollution reduction
mechanisms and technologies. It bans incineration and smoking in public places. At the
local and municipal levels, governments are allowed to set emission quotas by pollution source,
and the development of recycling programs is encouraged.
129. The Clean Air Act provides incentives to LGUs, enterprises, private entities, and
individuals to develop or undertake efforts that would result to effective air quality management
and pollution abatement. Specifically, it encourages efforts on ERF, cleaner production, and
adoption of technologies that are not combusting or burning carbon-based materials.
130. RA 9275: Philippine Clean Water Act and its IRR - a comprehensive water pollution
control policy; intends to apply water quality management in all water bodies in order to
implement the abatement and control of pollution from land-based sources.
131. Related laws and issuances were also issued:
DENR Administrative Order (DAO) 03-30: PEIS Implementation Guidelines and
Procedures
PD 1067: Water Code of the Philippines
RA 6969: Philippine Toxic Substances and Hazardous and Nuclear Waste Act and
its IRR - mandates the regulation, restriction, or prohibition of the importation,
manufacture, processing, sale, distribution, use, and disposal of chemical
substances and mixtures that present unreasonable risk and/or injury to health and
the environment
RA 9512: Environmental Awareness and Education Act of 2008 - promotes
environmental awareness through environmental education; integrates
environmental education into the school curricula at all levels of public and private
schools, barangay day care and pre-school, and non-formal, vocational, and
indigenous learning.

Page 34
RA 9729: Climate Change Act of 2009 - declares as a Philippine policy the adoption
of the ultimate objective of the UNFCC convention, which is the stabilization of
greenhouse gas concentration in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent
dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system
Executive Order (EO) No. 774 issued on 26 December 2008 reorganized the
Presidential Task Force on Climate Change (PTFCC); Executive Order (EO) No.
785 issued on 26 February 2009 mandates the Presidential Task Force on Climate
Change to develop the National Climate Change Framework
RA 10121 - The Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010
RA 10068: Organic Agriculture Act of 2010 - establishes a comprehensive organic
farming program that includes incentives for farmers engaged in the production of
agricultural crops free from harmful chemical pesticides and fertilizers
P.D. No. 1151, Philippine Environmental Policy of 1977
RA 4850: Laguna Lake Development Authority Act
RA 7611: Strategic Environmental Plan for Palawan Act
RA 7942: Philippine Mining Act
RA 8371: Indigenous Peoples Rights Act
RA 9593: Renewable Energy Act of 2008
RA 9637: Philippine Biofuels Act
A.M. No. 09-6-8-SC Rules of Procedure for Environmental Cases issued by the
Supreme Court
Kyoto Protocol, Basel Convention, and Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic
Pollutants
DENR administrative orders, memorandum circulars as well as joint orders and
circulars with other departments and agencies of the government
132. RA 9003 and its IRR are the current governing laws and rules on SWM. It created
the NSWMC composed of representatives from 14 government departments and agencies and
three private sectors, and provided with a secretariat support by the DENR-EMB. The
secretariat is headed by an executive director nominated by the commission members and
appointed by the chair. RA 9003 likewise established the National Ecology Center tasked to
facilitate training and education in the integrated ecological SWM.
133. The policies laid down in RA 9003 are grouped into four as follows:
source reduction (avoidance) and minimization of waste generated at source;
reuse, recycling, and resource recovery of wastes at the barangay level;
efficient collection, proper transfer, and transport of wastes by city or municipality;
and
efficient management of residuals and of final disposal sites and/or any other related
technologies for the destruction/reuse of residuals.
134. The law mandates the LGUs to accomplish the following:
creation of an SWM board at the city/municipal and provincial levels;
creation of an SWM committee at the barangay level;
submission of a 10-year SWM plan at the city/municipal levels;

Page 35
establishment of MRF per barangay or cluster of barangays and city/municipal

centralized MRF;
closure of open dumpsites and their conversion into controlled dumpsites by 2004 at
the city/municipal levels; and
banning of controlled dumpsites by 2006 at the city/municipal levels.
7. LGU Finance
135. Overall LGU Finance. Local government finance is governed by the relevant
provisions of the LGC. The LGC mandates the devolution of functions of the national
government in agriculture, health, education, environment, social welfare and development,
including the planning and development of basic infrastructure. In addition, each LGU is entitled
to a share in the proceeds of the national internal revenue taxes collected and the utilization and
development of national wealth within their respective areas based on pre-determined sharing
formula. LGUs are also empowered to directly avail of credit facilities to finance local
infrastructure and other socio-economic development projects in accordance with the approved
local development plan and public investment program. LGUs shall spend local government
funds solely for public purposes and no money shall be paid out of the local treasury except in
pursuance of an appropriations ordinance or law.
136. Cities are better off on taxation powers compared to other LGUs and can impose all
taxes assigned under the LGC. Both highly urbanized and independent component cities retain
all their tax receipts. Municipalities can impose the same taxes but tend to impose lesser and at
lower rates. Provinces are neither allowed to collect business, real property, nor community
taxes, which are among the more lucrative receipts, but do get a share in the receipts of those
collected by municipalities and component cities.
137. Local revenue sources. Local sources of revenue are categorized into tax revenue
and non-tax revenue. Tax revenue consists of real property tax, business tax, and other local
taxes. Examples of other local taxes are the tax on transfer of real property ownership,
professional tax, and community tax. Non-tax revenue includes regulatory fees, service/user
charges like garbage fee, income from own economic enterprise like waterworks system or
markets, and other non-tax revenues like interest and dividend income.
138. For 2011, data from the Bureau of Local Government Finance (BLGF) of the
Department of Finance revealed that local revenue sources contributed 30% of the LGUs total
income. Tax revenue accounted for 20% while non-tax revenue contributed 10%.39 There are no
readily available data on the overall amount of garbage fees collected by the LGUs in 2011 as
they are not reported separately in the BLGF regular financial reporting system.
139. External revenue sources. Local government external sources of revenue come in
the form of (i) internal revenue allotment (IRA); (ii) shares from national tax collection; (iii) inter-
local transfer, which is a subsidy received from other LGUs; and (iv) extraordinary
income/receipts, which generally consist of grants, donations, and aids. Examples of shares
from national tax collection are share in the proceeds from the utilization and development of
national wealth within their respective locality, share from tobacco excise tax, and share from
the Philippine Gaming Corporation or Philippine Charity Sweepstakes Office (lotto).
39
BLGF. 2011. Accomplishment Report. Manila.

Page 36
140. Operating Profit. For 2011, external revenue sources accounted for 70% of the LGUs
total income. IRA and other shares from national tax collection contributed 65%, inter-local
transfers accounted for 4%, and extraordinary income was at 1%.40
141. Table 2.2 below shows the details of the LGU financial performance in 20092011.
Table 2.2 LGUs Financial Performance 20092011 (million pesos)
Item 2009 2010 2011
Income 284,366 329,554 355,732
Local sources (tax and non-tax) 91,993 98,490 106,272
Share from national taxes 183,167 213,937 230,851
Others (e.g., extra-ordinary receipts/grants, inter-local transfers) 9,206 17,128 18,609
Operating expenditures 252,522 295,451 321,008
Surplus 31,844 34,103 34,724
Source: BLGF. 2011. Accomplishment Report.
142. Key issues. Since the enactment of the LGC, most LGUs, particularly those in the
lower income classes, have been heavily dependent on their share in national taxes. From the
LGUs perspective, however, their share in national taxes is inadequate to meet the budgetary
requirements of the devolved functions, especially health services, and the demands of
decentralization.41
143. LGUs need to have greater awareness and improve their understanding of their local
taxing and revenue-raising powers to broaden their base of locally-generated resources.
Valuations for real property taxation are considered low while collection efficiency of real
property tax and business tax remains below acceptable level.42 Most LGUs are still unwilling to
levy their constituents the right level of fees for the delivery of municipal services such as
garbage collection.
144. LGU access to the resources of private financial institutions is still limited. While some
of these institutions have been investing in LGU projects indirectly by purchasing LGU bonds,43
most of them are not yet ready to take a direct credit risk by lending directly to LGUs. Private
banks are not accredited as depository banks for LGUs and do not have the same arrangement
as government financial institutions in having access to the IRA of the LGUs who fail to service
their debts promptly.
145. Private sector participation in the delivery of municipal services through build-operate-
transfer (BOT) and other similar schemes is still quite limited. The national government should
identify measures to make BOT or similar arrangements more attractive for both LGUs and
private sector proponents. Wider dissemination and understanding among LGUs of the use of
private sector resources through BOT and other similar schemes is needed.
40
Ibid.
41
M.S. Sarmiento. 2006. LGU Perspectives on Local Government Finance Issues. Consultation Workshop of the
Working Group on Decentralization and Local Government under the Philippine Development Forum. Pasig City.
42
Roberto Tan. 2006. Progress Report and Proposed 2006 Action Program on Local Government Finance.
Consultation Workshop of the Working Group on Decentralization and Local Government under the Philippine
Development Forum. Pasig City.
43
These are guaranteed by the LGU Guarantee Corporation.

Page 37
8. Public-Private Partnerships
146. The private sector plays a significant role in the governments pursuit of bridging the
gaps in the economy. The PPP program has been the vehicle for private sector participation in
the provision of infrastructure services. In 1986, the private sector played a leading role in
national development when the government undertook massive divestment, disposition, and
sale of all business-related assets. This was later formalized in 1990 when the then newly-
restored Congress enacted RA 6957, An Act Authorizing the Financing, Construction,
Operation and Maintenance of Infrastructure Projects by the Private Sector, and for other
purposes, better known as the Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) Law. After the successful
implementation of national projects, the BOT Law was amended in 1994 through the enactment
of RA 7718 or An Act Amending Certain Sections of RA 6957. The Philippine BOT Law and its
subsequent amendments have provided national implementing agencies and LGUs with a new
avenue for financing and fast-tracking the implementation of infrastructure and development
projects. The legal and regulatory framework for PPP expanded its coverage to include non-
traditional infrastructure sectors such as health, education, information and communications
technology, and other social infrastructure and development projects.44
147. As provided in the amended BOT Law and its IRR, collaborative partnerships between
the government and the private sector can be made possible through a broad spectrum of
modalities. The BOT Law identifies a number of variants and includes a catch-all provision for
other variants that may be identified later. Table 2.3 below summarizes the general features of
the different contractual arrangements identified and supported by existing Philippine laws, rules
and regulations, and delineates the respective roles of government and the private proponent
under each PPP modality. The table also shows the basic differences among the three PPP
modes.
Table 2.3 General Features and Differences of PPP Modalities
Government
Issue BOT Joint Venture
Procurement Reform Act
Purpose Development of Joint undertaking of an Procurement of goods and
infrastructure/ project enterprise services within the budget
through project finance and cycle of the government
other financing modes agency
Financing Financed by private sector Jointly financed by Financed by public sector

public and private sector
Term Long term Short term Short term

Ownership of the Ownership stays with Ownership allowed to be Ownership of procured
project government turned over to private goods transferred from
sector private sector to public
sector
Fees Fees may be adjusted No prescribed fees Fixed fees or price
according to predetermined
parametric formula
Price escalation Allows price escalation ----- Prohibits price escalation
44
PPP Center. 2012. Developing Public Private Partnerships in Local Infrastructure and Development Projects, A
PPP Manual for LGUs (Volume 1: Understanding PPP Concepts and Framework). Quezon City.

Page 38
Payment / proceeds Operator or contractor Proceeds are shared by Procuring government

remits fees to public sector public sector and private agency pays to private
sector proportionate to sector entity /seller
ownership share
Approval limit/ P300 million-NEDA/ICC Head of agency P500 million, Government

authority Procurement Policy Board
New concept / Required if unsolicited Not required Not required

technology mode
Incentives Provides incentives for No incentives Prohibits incentives
large-capital projects
Application Applies to all government Limited to specified Applies to all government
entities government entities entities
Income Fees Income/ dividends None
Contract Approval per 30 days Internal rules 30 days

Overall bidding period 250-410 days 75-165 days 200 days
9. Lessons Learned
148. ADB experience in high-level loan cancellations. Almost all ADB-funded45 urban
projects have had loan cancellations largely because of the inability to disburse funds as
scheduled. Weak project design, inflexibility during implementation, and incorrect targeting
appear to be the usual reasons why many previous ADB-funded urban projects have not been
completed on time. Moreover, the local project ownership is weak, capacity of participating
governments is low, and there has been little continuity or follow through.
149. According to ADB, other development partners or multilateral agencies involved in the
urban sector have similar experience in loan cancellation. Expensive non-revenue generating
infrastructure development such as sanitation and SWM are hard to sell after the municipal
election. Consumers willingness to pay and municipal borrowing capacity are low, which was
recognized in the Clark and Tagaytay workshops in 2013. IRA allotment will be used in revenue
generating infrastructure rather than in SWM. LGUs have learned over the years under grant
financing projects that new innovative technologies and financing arrangements are needed to
force SWM development in LGUs. See Appendix 3 on external assistance.
150. Ad-hoc and short-term urban management and development. SWM and flood
control projects have been at the top of the donor agencies development aid in the last two
decades resulting in a scenario where many institutions are involved in project and program
implementation characterized by a lack of proper coordination, and overlapping roles and
responsibilities. For example, the DENR, Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG),
and Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) implement SWM, among others. At the
local level, the local government election, which is held at a three-year interval, also complicates
development efforts. Non-revenue generation project such as sanitation and SWM projects are
commonly developed on an ad-hoc basis focusing on equipment. The LGUs three-year
management cycle does not support strategic, longer-term development.
151. Timing has become an important element in project preparation. The short-term (three
years) interval in the local election may change political situation and ultimately lead to the
45
PIH Urban ASR. August 2010.

Page 39
cancellation of the subproject. Assessing support from local mayors must take into account the
three-year election term of local officials. When investment proposals have been included in the
local development plan, the Sanggunian Bayan also needs to approve it, to secure longer-term
commitments to the project.
10. LGUs Challenges and Opportunities

152. Responsibilities without resources and capacities. Local governments are at the
forefront of meeting the challenges of urbanization. The LGC mandates LGUs to plan, manage,
and implement local development, but many do not have the resources to carry out these
responsibilities. Most cities, municipalities, and provinces lack basic guidelines and reliable data
system for strategic SWM planning and operation. As a basic principle to minimize the cost of
the services it requires a separate account for SWM. Further, poor engagement of the private
sector with new technology applications have meant that investments in SWM services have not
been able to respond properly to the increased and changed demand on services and
infrastructure.
153. Operationally, SWM is flavored with an ad hoc planning without a strategic thinking of
long-term solution. The key problem is the LGUs limited capacity for SWM financing and law
enforcement. Situation has been aggravated by adopting highly technical WM development
policy, plans, strategies, and programs such as RA 9003 and Clean Air Act, which are way
beyond the major LGUs capacity to comply. As a reference, only 3.4% of the LGUs have
approved SWM plans.
154. LGUs SWM operation is further aggravated, despite planning efforts and guiding acts,
by other factors such as lack of political will at the national and local levels, technical capacity
and poor sector coordination, apparent lack of sites for SWM facilities, not-in-my-backyard
mentality, and absence of legal mechanisms for the use of new technologies46, among others.
11. Need for SWM Infrastructure and Services

155. The NSWMS was formulated in 2009. It recommends limited solutions for SWM for
highly urbanized cities and municipalities. In the present collect-and-dump system in the
Philippines, the basic infrastructures currently used are sanitary landfills, open dumps, MRFs
and a few transfer stations, which are generally supported by collection vehicles operated either
by the LGUs or contracted to the private sector as practiced in big cities. However, considerable
achievements have been made in waste reduction, recycling and material recovery in Metro
Manila during the past few years.
156. The 13 years that passed since the passage of the Ecological Solid Waste
Management Act (RA 9003) have been marked by the following SWM statistics:
The NSWMC has received 557 out of the required 1,635 municipal SWM plans. Of
these, 43 have been approved.
Waste segregation at source and segregated waste collection are implemented only in a
few LGUs and not on a nationwide scale.
Solid waste collection is largely limited to the urban sector of the population and
reportedly varies from 15% to 90% in terms of efficiency. According to the data given by
46
Some aspects of certification by the Department of Science and Technology need to be reviewed to ensure good
technologies are not blocked.

Page 40
MMDA the total waste diversion is 41% in Metro Manila, and 38% outside of Metro
Manila. Nationwide average of waste diversion is 26%47 according to NSWMC.
A total of 8,843 MRFs have been established. This number represents 21% of the
required 42,027 for all the barangays in the country. Most of these established MRFs are
used as storage areas for recyclables and for other purposes and not for processing
solid waste. Actual capacities of the MRF are not known.
The required closure of all dumpsites and controlled dumpsites has not been attained
and strictly enforced. Currently, there are 602 open dumps and 321 controlled dumps in
the country.
Fifty-five SLFs of different categories have been established. The nature of operation of
these facilities is not known. Of these, less than ten can be considered as regional
disposal facilities while the rest cater to the requirements of small municipalities.
Obviously, the total capacities of these landfills cannot accommodate the waste
generated by the entire country.
157. Missing technical data. Comprehensive data on these infrastructures and the extent
of collection services are not available at the national level. While the NSWMC has a list of the
SLFs (70+), MRFs (8,000+) and dumpsites (600+), data on design and operating
capacities, remaining life, inputs and outputs, specific locations and spatial distribution
are not available. There are no official records of the number and capacities of transfer
stations. On top of that, materials input and output of the existing infrastructures are either not
known or not properly recorded. Currently EMB is developing nationwide data bank, which will
also get support from the proposed PSWMSP.
158. Poor monitoring. Collection in big cities is reported at 90% coverage while those at
the towns and smaller cities reportedly vary from 30% to 70%. In the case of Boracay and La
Trinidad, collection is estimated at 90%, while Janiuay collects only 17% of its waste. There is
no established collection system in Del Carmen and the whole island of Siargao. In general,
collection in areas outside of big cities and towns is limited to the urban barangays.
159. The national and locally-based agencies do not have an estimate of the mass balance
of the existing system in terms of updated waste generation, rate of collection, diversion,
composting, recycling, open dumping, landfilling, and wastes which are unaccounted for.
160. Fast growing population and widening SWM infrastructure gap. Annual population
growth from 1999 to 2013 has been at an average of 1.62 million during the past 15 years. This
will require some $2.9 billion48 to satisfy the existing shortfalls in the delivery of SWM services
for 24.3 million people. During the same period, LGUs have built new facilities with a total worth
of $1 billion according to the statistics of NSWMC. This, however, is only 32% of the
requirement to fill the gap. In addition, replacement or reconstruction of SWM facilities for the
remaining 76.5 million people must be in the pipeline. According to NSWMC, SLFs with a
total size of 542 hectares (ha) are now under construction and these can cover the waste
of 5.5 million people (see Annex 5, Existing SLF Sites). The construction of SLFs takes more
or less one year with the state of the art technology; thus, over the next 15 years, LGUs have to
invest in SLFs (550 ha) with a total of $0.83 billion every year to accommodate all residues in
47
The Philippine Development Plan 2011- 2016 has set waste diversion goal to 50%.
48
Calculation is taking to account following a) waste diversion 30% b) 15cm soil cover per day, c) SFL life span 15
year d) 1.64 million population with waste generation 0.35kg/day/capita requires an 4ha cell constriction every year,
and e) costing: land value $0.8million/ha and construction of SLF $1.1/ha

Page 41
the SLFs. Not-in-my-backyard mentality and land availability are the main issues regarding
establishment of new SWM facilities.
161. There is an urgent call for LGUs to change direction in respect to SWM. After 13
years of experience with RA 9003, there are more questions than answers on RA 9003 as a
solution for SWM problems. Despite an average of 42% waste diversion, Metro Manila still
dumps mixed waste to its dumping sites in Navotas, San Mateo, and Rodriquez. Most of the
recently built SLFs and MRFs have been turned into open dumps such as the MRFs in
Boracay49 and many of LISCOP50 sites, including KfW-managed and developed SLFs51, among
others. It is a fact that SWM requires hard commitment by the LGUs for better management of
the system. Successful implementation does not secure sustainable SWM system at all, which
is one of the justifications for the adoption of PPP in municipal SWM. It is a well-known fact that
3Rs (reduce, reuse and recycle) are the key elements in SWM, but it may not be enough to
manage bio-waste and residuals, which consist of 60% of waste.
162. An alternative. European Union states such as Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden,
Denmark, Belgium and Austria have well-developed policy for recycling. This policy can be
combined with a policy to reduce landfilling to less than 10%52 of the waste and to use residual
waste to produce energy. In these countries, WTE is not competing against recycling; rather, it
complements the policy that reduces disposal to the minimum.
163. How do LGUs fulfill their mandates on SWM? According to the estimates of the
PPTA 8115 study, over $2.9 billion will be required to satisfy the existing shortfalls in the
delivery of SWM services. Another $12.4 billion will be required to construct new SLFs and to
expand existing services by 2025. As a conclusion, the infrastructure gap is so massive that it is
self-evident that the Philippines dispose off more waste than ever before to open
dumpsites53, rivers and lakes. Annex 4 shows the NSWMC statistics of open and controlled
dumpsites and SLFs. Figure 2.1 below presents ESWM compliance in 2012.
49
PPTA Malay/Boracay SPAR report December 31, 2013.
50
Monitoring and Evaluation Report of WB Laguna De Bay Institutional Strengthening and Community Participation
Project (LISCOP) dated on 22 March 2013; (i) Poor perforce in SWM components; (i) According to the Report after
one-year operation already 75% of MRFs are non operational due to the lack of technical capability, and poor quality
of equipment, or/and MRF sites are bailing up waste and recyclables turning sites to open dumps. Similarly, only
one SLF located in Bayawan Municipality is operational from KfW support to the Philippines SWM.
51
PPTA fact finding mission to Bais Municipality.
52
Source: Eurostat
53
NSWMC: 923 open or controlled dumpsites

Page 42
PPTA
A 8115 PHI: Ph ilippines Solid Waste Manage
ement Sector P
Project
Figure 2.1: ESW

WM Complia
ance in 2012
Open Dumpsites
Controlled Disposa al Sites
Sanita
ary Landfills
Source: NS
SWMC.
164. Obviously, there

t is a biig gap in the
e required S
SWM infrasttructures and services w
which
needs to be addressed immediattely.
C. Road
R Map for
f a New SW
WM Framew
work
165. For several decades, th he Governm ment of the P Philippines tthrough the LGUs has m made
huge inv vestments inn infrastructuure to suppo ort SWM se ervices throuugh construction of disposal
and wastte processin ng facilities, acquisition of collectionn vehicles, aand contracting out colle ection
services and subsidies for dispo osal. Evidenttly, the role o of adequatee solid waste e infrastructu
ure in
maintaining a liveab ble urban en nvironment hash been re ecognized. T This vital coomponent th hough
requires alignment ofo technology cost, imprroved efficie ency and governance, a and better ovverall
planning. Without ne ew technolog gy adaptation, regressivve subsidies on hauling and dumpin ng will
continue and drain resources from f infrastrructure deve elopment, m maintenance e and expan nsion.
Without improved
i effficiency and governance e, the provission of qualitty of service
es will contin
nue to
decline and
a invested d resources will be wastted. Withoutt better plan nning, the re esources tha at are
available
e could and will continu ue to be mis sallocated w without attaining the inttended econ nomic
returns.
166. TheT proposed d SWM fram mework is inttended to gu
uide the nattional govern
nments effo
orts in
providing
g infrastructu
ure for imprroving the performance
p e and efficie
ency of SWM M. It focuse
es on
reduction
n of the ma assive infrasstructure gaap in SWM through th he use of a appropriate WTE
technologgy along with
w complian
nce with RA A 9003 and d increased participatio
on of the prrivate
sector. The
T followin
ng chapters s describe the main strategic ta argets, ratio
onale, princciples,
challengees, opportunnities and be
enefits of the
e SWM frameework.
Final Repo
ort December 2014
2
Pa
age 43
1. Key Strategies of the SWM Roadmap

167. Key strategy targets. These include (i) reduction of cost of SWM implementation and
operation; (ii) improvement of urban environmental conditions; (iii) creation of employment
opportunities and economic development through energy generation; (iv) scaling up of benefits
such as service level, public health, and well-being of the people in the participating LGUs; and
(v) reduction of global CO2 emissions.
168. Rationale. The strategic framework is strongly anchored on the strict and sustained
enforcement of RA 9003, Clean Air Act, Waters Act, and Climate Change Act.
169. Principles. The main difference compared to existing SWM policy and programs is the
utilization of residuals for power generation instead of disposing them off to landfills. The
conventional SWM hierarchy consisting of waste minimization, source reduction, improved
waste collection (segregated collection), recycling, composting and disposal of residuals will
now include efficient resource and energy recovery from residuals and emission reduction using
new WTE technology applications (Figure 2.1).

Reduction
Reuse
Recycling
{
ResourceRecovery
ToSLF15% Gasification
MRF8%
Landfill
Thermal
Treatment7%
Figure 2.1 Waste Hierarchy
170. Challenges. The new implementation framework for SWM will be a driver of change for
a sustainable SWM. The basic principle is to reduce SWM costs and stimulate economic
activities. Therefore, LGUs would be better off to take full advantage of the new technology
development and urbanization process, rather than restrict the rising opportunities. To ensure
that solid waste infrastructure improve urban environment development, the following
challenges have to be taken into account: (i) maximize the favourable economic environment to
implement reforms in the SWM framework; (ii) create positive impact of economic growth on
human development and employment within SWM; and (iii) expedite development of physical,
institutional, and social infrastructure such as PPP and good governance in support of meeting
the challenges.

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2. Paradigm Shift in Solid Waste Management

171. In 2013, it is estimated that the municipalities and cities of the Philippines collectively
generated 44,000 tons of waste per day. About 32,300 tons/day is collected. The distribution of
generated waste among the LGUs is shown in Table 2.4.
172. The distribution of generated waste among LGUs Table 2.4: Distribution of
provides an indication on how this sector can be managed. Generated Waste
Different approaches need to be taken for towns or cluster of
towns with low waste generation and for cities or large Waste Generation No. of
municipalities with high waste generation rates. Obviously, Rate (tpd) LGUs
MRFs and SLFs and the current waste management 1 to 3 166
approaches and practices cannot adequately handle this
amount of waste, which will grow at a faster rate in the next 4 to 6 251
20 years and beyond. 7 to 8 193
173. New technologies must be considered and applied 9 to 10 147
progressively if appropriate waste management is to be
11 to 12 133
attained. In many European and Asian countries thermal
methods have been successfully used in combination with 13 to 15 121
basic SWM practices. Waste segregation at source, separate 16 to 25 238
collection, residual processing with MRF and/or further waste
reduction with composting and digesting technologies, 26 to 50 255
among others, and finally by thermal treatment of left over 51 to 100 72
carbon based material. Landfilling varies from 10% to 20%
depends on public interest in waste minimization and waste 101 to 200 33
processing technology. 201 to 400 12
174. A new target of 15% landfilling has been estimated > 400 13
based on measures to reduce waste that cannot be recycled. Source: PPTA consultant.
To achieve this, recycling level should consistently exceed
45%, RA 9003 should be enforced, and WTE technology
must be employed.
175. As a reference, the accomplishment report of the Metropolitan Manila Development
Authority (MMDA) as of August 2013 reported that a total of 1,166 out of the 1,705 barangays in
the National Capital Region (NCR), or about 62.7% are implementing separate collections to
compel wastes segregation. The percentage distribution of the barangays in the different LGUs
of the NCR implementing separate collection is summarized below. Table 2.5 presents current
waste diversion in NCR and highlights the difficulty of attaining the 15% landfilling level without
the use of WTE technology.
100% separate collection - Makati, Navotas, Paranaque, Marikina, Pasig, and Valenzuela
50-90% separate collection - Pasay City, San Juan, Malabon, Muntinlupa, Las Pinas,
Quezon City, Taguig, and Manila
37% or less separate collection - Caloocan, Pateros, and Mandaluyong
176. Table 2.5 below demonstrates current waste diversion in NCR and highlights the
difficulty of attaining the 15% landfilling level without the use of WTE technology.

Page 45
Table 2.5 Waste Diversion Data in NCR

Diversion Diversion
LGU LGU
Rate,% Rate,%
Marikina 2 Navotas 35
Quezon City 38 Pasay 59
Makati 56 Caloocan 35
Malabon 30 Manila 58
San Juan 32 Paranaque 30
Muntinlupa 37 Mandaluyong 35
Las Pinas 36 Taguig 37
Valenzuela 46 Pateros 19
Pasig 36
Source: MMDA.
177. As an example, the Project Preparatory Technical Assistance (PPTA) study established
that the inert material percentages vary in municipal solid waste from 4.91% in La Trinidad to
12% in Del Carmen. In five cities in Metro Manila, percentages of fines vary from 2.2% to 6.7%.
Modern thermal treatment facility processes nearly all carbon-based waste. Residue accounts
for about 5%-7%, which can be used as a construction material base or disposed off to landfill
safety. With this perspective, it can be anticipated that 15% landfilling is achievable thereby
extending the existing capacity of SLF five to seven folds.
178. Overall waste management issues relate to pollution control, economic, infrastructure
and policy issues; institutional coordination, management and technical capacity; and public and
private financing needs and arrangements.
179. DENRs future role is to build an enabling environment, overseeing and guiding strategic
infrastructures and to create the right kind of incentives to support private sector involvement in
SWM.
180. The Proposed SWM Framework (Table 2.6) and the corresponding action plan are
presented below. As indicated, sector practices and technologies can be applied to the
Philippines, which link RA 9003 compliance with use of technologies. The municipal LGUs were
classified under three tiers based on the collected waste54 and method of disposal and
technology to be applied. Each LGU will have a guiding framework which forms the basis for the
appropriate methods to be used in waste management.
181. All tiers will require compliance with RA 9003, such as waste segregation at source,
segregated and efficient waste collection and diversion, and the practice of 3Rs (reduce, reuse
and recycle). The basic institutional set up for SWM must be present in all tiers, i.e. personnel
and funds for collection, diversion, processing and treatment and disposal headed by the
Municipal Environment and Natural Resources Officer (MENRO), or its equivalent officer in the
LGU.
54
Population forecast by 2013, nominal waste generation per capita, and collection efficiency.

Page 46
3. Proposed Solid Waste Management Framework

Tier 1:
Tier 1 includes 1,028 LGUs collecting waste within a range of 1 to 11 tons per day (tpd),
assuming a range of 15% to 67% collection. The main framework is basic compliance
with RA 9003. These LGUs have population ranging from 12,000 to 30,000 and have
financial limitations and technical capacities. The SWM approach is backyard
composting or centralized fully manual MRFs and disposal of residual waste in
Category 1 sanitary landfills.
Tier 1 LGUs can primarily use only their internal revenue allotment (IRA) to finance
infrastructure projects. Projects are generally very small and therefore local banks have
best opportunity to facilitate SWM improvement in Tier 1. Also, local and international
nongovernment organizations (NGOs) and the United Nations Development
Programme (UNDP) can provide technical assistance for basic SWM practices. The
estimated required investment for SWM for Tier 1 is about $0.4 billion over the next 15
years, Table 2.6.

Page 47
Source: PPTA Consultant

Page 48
Tier 2:
182. Tier 2 includes 555 LGUs collecting waste within a range of 12 to 150 tpd, assuming a
collection range of 67% to 87%.
Tier 2 consists of LGUs near major population or economic centres whose economy is
driven by a combination of agriculture, trading and some industries. These LGUs still
cover significant tracts of land, a large part of which have been converted for purposes
other than agriculture. The new SWM framework can support substantially the local
economy and bring good health and environmental benefits
The SWM framework is resource recovery, and includes 555 LGUs having current
collection waste from 12 to 73 tpd. These LGUs have a population ranging from 50,000
to 300,000. The recommended SWM approach is centralized semi-automated MRFs
linked to small capacity WTE plants. The LGUs need to cluster to shift to the WTE level
to attain the required amount of waste for power generation. Operation of the WTE will
be contracted to the private sector which has the technology and experience in running
these types of power plants. Otherwise, these LGUs can initially band together and
comply with basic RA 9003 requirements until such time that the collection reaches the
required minimum.
About 16 million people (17%) do not have an access to electricity in the Philippines.
Reliable electricity is in the Central Luzon, but in many parts of Mindanao service level
is very poor.55 WTE could play a vital role to improve local electricity supply. Tier 2 WTE
with plant capacities of 0.5 MW to 1.5 MW would provide additional electricity for 214
LGUs with a total population of 2 million, or about 500,000 households.
Increasing access to reliable modern energy services using clean energy is directly
linked to lighting for homes and schools, better health services, increasing in small and
medium-sized enterprises with income-generating opportunities. WTE alone provides
working opportunities for 8,500 people. LGUs, communities, students and households
will benefit primarily from improved lighting and communications technologies
connecting them to the rest of the world. This scale-up of WTE would achieve annual
emission reductions of around 2.5 million tons of CO2. Cost estimate of WTE
component is $1.2 billion. In addition, SLF construction will cost $340 million. Tier 2
provides international donors such ADB, WB and JICA an appropriate window for SWM
improvement. The estimated required investment on SWM for Tier 2 is U$3.1 billion
over the next 15 years.
183. All in all, 555 LGUs under Tier 2 and the 11 LGUs previously selected by the PPTA
(Table 2.7) have been targeted for the next phase of the PSWMS project. These LGUs have
been evaluated using the following criterion: minimum waste collection 50 tpd, which is
needed to sustain the operation of a WTE facility. The target LGU can stand alone, or serve as
55
According to the consultant report under TA-7781 (PHI): Rural Community-Based Renewable Energy Development
in Mindanao, only 10% of the people in the Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao has reliable electricity supply.

Page 49
the core of a cluster of contiguous towns or cities. The selection process and the selected LGUs
or LGU clusters are presented in Annex 2.
Table 2.7 LGUs Originally Shortlisted by the PPTA Team for the Pilot Study
No. Feature Region
Urban area with large population and potential
1 Baguio CAR
for clustering
2 Dumaguete City Urban area with potential for clustering 7
3 Aurora Baler Small LGU cluster 3
4 Tagaytay Urban area with potential for clustering 4A
5 Albuquerque Cluster of small towns and one big urban area 7
6 Carmen Dagohoy Small LGU cluster 7
7 Calapan Naujan Small LGU cluster 4B
8 Talavera Medium LGU with potential for clustering 3
9 Camiguin Small cluster of LGUs in an island 10
10 Bayambang Small town with potential for clustering 1
11 Lapu-Lapu Urban area where technology will be employed 7
Source: PPTA Consultant.
TIER 3
i. Public-Private Partnership
184. SWM projects under PPP arrangements could be implemented by individual LGUs or
cluster LGUs as long as the system is economical to operate. Clustering of LGUs under
provincial or district arrangements could provide the best opportunity for sustainable SWM.
PPTA experience from Siargao Island Based Cluster was initiated largely through the efforts of
the governor. The core of the Janiuay SWM cluster corresponds to the LGUs of the 3rd district of
Iloilo. The success of these upcoming clusters is dependent on the effectiveness of the
collection system and waste delivery system that will be implemented by the participating LGUs.
185. SWM improvement in CALABARZON, including Bulacan and Pampanga, is important.
The Southern Luzon economic hub accounts for over 70% of the countrys GDP. Its
competitiveness is vital in local, and moreover, international economies. Several factors affect
these areas competitiveness and decision-making related to future investments to include
economic strength, human capital, institutional effectiveness, financial maturity, global appeal,
physical capital, social and cultural character and environment and natural hazards. The last
two mentioned categories are highly connected to SWM.
186. Tier 3 will include large cities and highly urbanized cities (HUC) with limited suitable
land for SLF and large centralized MRFs and private, existing or new disposal site operators.
The most feasible and fast tracking WTE projects could be implemented with existing SLF
operators, which have a long-term agreement with MMDA to receive and dispose municipal
waste from Metro Manila. Similarly, existing SLF operators in other national strategic urban
hubs such as CALABARZON, including Bulacan, Pampanga, Metro Iloilo, Metro Cebu, and
Metro Davao could engage WTE operators and financiers to improve their solid waste disposal.
Most of these LGUs utilize SLF and disposal facilities designed as landfills but operated as
dumpsites. The potential for PPP in WTE projects is about 400 MW capacity, or electricity

Page 50
generation of 3.5 million MWh per year, which is enough to meet the electricity demand of 4.6
million inhabitants or 1 million households. This scale up of WTE would achieve annual
emission reductions of around 4.1 million tons of CO2.
ii. Highly Urbanized Cities (HUC)
187. The listing of proposed HUCs is meant to provide well-defined interventions to expedite
SWM implementation in selected HUCs. Table 2.8 presents shortlisted HUCs, which has a
conditional or approved SWMP. An ultimate objective of these proposed subprojects is to
achieve goals of the Investment Program of PSWMSP to improve public health and well-being
of citizens of the recipient HUCs. The procedure adopted in the selection of four pilot LGUs is
presented in Annex 1 and 2. Summary Reports on the proposed HUCs Baquio, Dumaguete,
General Santos, Santa Rosa and Zambonga City are presented in Annex 3 and supporting
PPTA Mission Reports and proposal are in Annexes from 3.1 to 3.5.
Table 2.8: HUC Shortlisted to PSWMSP
Waste Waste
Population Income Collection Waste Disposal 10-year SWM
LGU Gen. Gen. Notes
2013 Class Efficiency Method Plan
kg/day/p ton/d
Dumaguete City 132,245 3rd 0.4 53 85% Open Dumpsite Approved 2006 Urgent need to improve SWM
Puerto Princesa City288,956 1st 0.4 116 86% SLF cat. 4 Return for rev. Interested in PSWMSP
OLONGAPO CITY 237,693 2rd 0.5 119 86% SFL cat. 4 Return for rev. FS ready DBP
ILIGAN CITY 318,960 1st 0.4 128 86% Control Dump site Conditional
Lapu-Lapu City 386,925 1st 0.4 155 86% Control Dump site Conditional
Santa Rosa City 399,367 1st 0.5 200 87% San Pedro SLF Approved Urgent, LOI sent to SEC
BAGUIO CITY 332,928 1st 0.6 200 87% Urdaneta SLF NG and Private Urgent: Several proposal for WTE
City of Valenzuela 637,364 Spe 0.7 446 87% Rizal Provincial SLF Conditional RDF production
GENRAL SANTOS CITY 749,088 1st 0.6 449 87% SLF cat. 4 Conditional Urgent, FS funded by USAID
ZAMBOANGA CITY 920,049 1st 0.6 552 88% SLF cat 2 Approved Urgent Request to ADB
DAVAO CITY 1,610,235 1st 0.6 966 88% SLF cat. 4 Evaluation FS under USAID
Quezon City 2,737,313 Spe 0.7 1,916 88% SLF Approved Private sector, landfill mining
Posibble candidates for PSWMSP

Recommneded HUC for PSWMSP
Tier 3 includes 52 LGUs collecting waste within a range greater than or equal to 150 tpd
assuming a collection range greater than or equal to 87%. Spatially, Tier 3 includes the
seven (7) major cities in southern Philippines, namely Iloilo, Bacolod, Mandaue, Cebu,
Cagayan de Oro, Zamboanga and Davao, the major cities in CALABARZON namely
Bacoor, Calamba, Dasmarias, San Jose del Monte and Antipolo and the populous
cities of NCR namely Muntinlupa, Makati, Marikina, Pasig, Valenzuela, Paranaque, Las
Pias, Taguig, Manila, Caloocan and Quezon City.
In Tier 3, the minimum recommended SWM system is semi-automated MRFs in

combination with large WTE plants. Operation may include landfill mining with a
combination of other technologies to maximize benefits and minimize residues to be
disposed. LGUs may also cluster to build a WTE plant in scale of economy. The
combination of MRF and WTE could be constructed and operated under a PPP
arrangement. To ensure smooth plant assembly and operation, it is highly

Page 51
recommended that suppliers shall be engaged both in plant construction and operation,
either through direct involvement or through the employment of an attached subsidiary
company with the sufficient know-how.
The proposed SWM framework points the way for the use of WTE with PPP. At the
moment, available ADB funds for the sector can accommodate only some pilot projects.
Due to large required investment, specifically on technology, private-sector involvement
is necessary. Technology providers and financing institution's partnership with major
cities and/or waste management operators are necessary to enhance economic
activities, provide job opportunities and contribute to much-needed energy production. It
is a well-known fact that Luzon urgently needs more energy to sustain its economic
activities. WTE plants from 2-10 MW can be implemented in 6-9 months to support local
economies, when necessary licenses and permits are in place. Thus, the SWM sector
can become an additional catalyst for growth and broad-based development with
poverty reduction and high economic returns through resource and energy recovery
infrastructure. Required investment on SWM for Tier3 is about U$2 billion over the
next 15 years. Immediate action plan is presented below.
188. The new, technology-guided framework needs to be supported by a strong political will
on the part of the LGUs and the national government and monitored strictly by agencies which
include the DENR, Department of Energy (DOE), Department of Interior and Local Government
(DILG) and Department of Health (DOH), among others.
iii. Opportunities for a large-scale WTE Plants
Rodriquez: ISWIMS is the private owner and operator of the landfill. Currently, the
Montalban disposal site receives 3,000 tpd of solid waste from Metro Manila. This
amount could facilitate the establishment of WTE plant with 75 MW electricity
production. The estimated investment cost is about $350 million.
Quezon City: The current solid waste collection of 1,700 tpd could potentially translate
to the generation of 48 MWe power in Payatas (Figure 2). The system should also
include landfill mining to reduce the size of (30 ha) Payatas dumpsite to a manageable
5 to 10 hectares. Benefits include electricity production, GHG reduction recyclables and
rehabilitation of contaminated land for other purposes. The estimated cost is about
$280 million.

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Figure 2.2: Process Flow for WTE Application in Payatas
Navotas: Philippine Ecology Systems Corporation (PhilEco) is one of the pioneers in

the design, construction and operation of an integrated sanitary SWM and disposal
facility in the country. It started to venture into this line of work in the implementation of
the Smokey Mountain Development and Reclamation Project (SMDRP). In 1992, the
Time Magazine featured the Smokey Mountain as the symbol of poverty in the
Philippines. By then, the dumpsite has occupied more than 21 hectares, with a height
of an 11-storey building and was a mountain of 2 million cubic meters of waste.
Pier 18 is a transfer station which receives about 2,000 tpd of solid waste from NCR.
Due to its negative environmental and social images, Pier 18 as Smokey Mountain is
also associated with poverty linked to SWM. Over the years, PhilEco has done new
SWM arrangements at Pier 18 such as waste transportation safety and efficiency, and
dumping site and leachate management improvements in Malabon. However,
management is still looking for long-lasting sustainable solution for its SWM.
The WTE concept at Pier 18 could be a model for the new SWM economy.
Establishment of a state of the art 50 MWe WTE facilitiy will include a semi-automated
material recovery facility (MRF) to process waste from Manila, Tondo and Malabon,
including residuals stockpiled in Smokey Mountain. The Project shall bring the best
environmental and social measures and economic benefits to the poor sector in Manila
and minimize dumped waste by 95%. It will provide hygienic waste sorting environment
for waste sorters and electricity for 18,000 households as well as regular working

Page 53
opportunities for 150 persons in the MRF/WTE facilities and reduction of 1, 500 ton of
global GHG emissions per year.
Metro Clack Waste Management Corporation (MCWMC): MCWMC manages The

SLF in Sub Zone D, Clark Special Economic Zone, Sitio Kalangitan. SLF is built based
on international accepted standards, which fulfil the standards stipulated in RA 9003
substantially. MCWMC is owned 30% by the Germans and the remaining 70% by
various Filipino investors.
A 70-hectare SLF was established in 2003. It is located in Capas municipality. Daily

mixed waste disposal varies from 650 m3 to 900 m3. Current amount of disposed waste
is more than 1 million m3. Total capacity of SLF is 43.5 million m3. The SLF was built in
phases. The first phase with an area of about 3 hectares was implemented in 2002
whereas the second phase with additional 1.5 hectares landfill pit area was built in
2007.
The drainage system for the leachate was built out of an HDPE pipe system (which can
sustain more than 80 m3 waste load) and an areal gravel filter, which would ensure that
all incoming leachate would be conveyed to the leachate treatment plant (LTP). Also
the temporary LTP for phases 1 and 2 was built as aeration ponds with the additional
utilization of specialized enzymes for the complete cleaning of the water. However,
filtration through a purification tower does not work properly over the years of trials.
Therefore MCWMC is forced to find out proper leachate treatment system.
Phase I landfill gas extraction project has been implemented. The project will initially
involve the installation of a 0.5 MW generation capacity on-site to supply electricity for
the consumption of landfill operations and an additional 0.5 MW capacity each year for
the next 2 years for further cell developments.
However, technological barriers in the project activity arise from the uncertainty of
landfill gas generation. To reiterate the significant gas shortfall, it was found that a
registered CDM project in the Philippines, Quezon City (Payatas) experienced
approximately 49% shortfall of gas in comparison to the expected output. In general,
major reasons for shortfall of gas are poor capping of SLF and extraction system.
MCWMC is exploring options for WTE such as thermal treatment and electricity
production to get rid of leachate problems and unexpected shortfall of LFG production.
The plan to further municipal solid waste processing through the installation of the
refuse-derived fuel (RDF) equipment that will generate income for the constituents of
the local government. Is also underway RDF and landfill mining solid recovered
fuel (SRF) is a fuel produced by shredding and drying solid waste. Current 650 m3
MSW per day could facilitate the development of power plant with 13 MW electricity
output. The needed investments are approximately $55 to $60 million.

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III. THE PROJECT

A. Impact and Outcome
187. The expected impact of the Project will be improved public health and well-being of the
citizens of the recipient municipalities through reduction of environmental pollution. Anticipated
outcome will be improved access to efficient and reliable delivery of SWM services to residents,
with the inclusion of the impoverished sector. Moreover, through the application of an
appropriate SWM system, such as a suitable MSW thermal treatment and proper landfill
management, not only local but, global impact is realized through significant reductions and
abatement of CO2 emissions.
188. The Project will further enhance capacities of the urban areas to attract more
investments in WTE, increase productivity, and create an enabling environment for higher
economic growth and global GHG reduction.
B. Outputs
189. The Project will follow the priorities identified during the study period from January to
November 2013 for investments in the SWM sector infrastructure improvement, capacity
building and enhancement, training and information, education and knowledge management
and project implementation and management support for the pilot LGUs. Annexes 4, 4.1-4.4
present the subproject and project summary descriptions. The Project outputs will include the
following:
1. Output 1: Priority Infrastructure Investments in SWM

SUBPROJECT OF DEL CARMEN
Output 1: Acquisition of two waste collection vehicles. Two dump trucks, each with a
capacity at least 10 m3, will be acquired. These additional vehicles will facilitate expansion of the
coverage into the rural barangays and increase the number of collection trips in the entire
Siargao Island.
Output 2: Acquisition of HPDE 250 waste bins. 250 units with 1.1m3 capacity HDPE bins will
be acquired. This will facilitate temporary storage of segregated waste prior to collection.
Currently, waste has been collected in sacks by the roads.
Output 3: Acquisition of SLF and MRF Equipment. The equipment will include a bulldozer
with blade capacity of at least 1.6 m3 and a weighbridge with capacity of at least 20 t for the SLF
and a wheel loader with capacity of at least 1.3 m3 for the MRF.
Output 4: Construction of a Category 2 SLF and a Central MRF. A 2 ha SLF will be located
in a 4 ha site in Sitio Boyhogon, Barangay Cancoho. It will be progressively developed into two
cells and containment area with an effective capacity of about 120,000 m3 net of the space to be
occupied by the soil cover.
The Central MRF will be housed in a 360 m2 building complete with hopper, conveyor and
trommel set for sorting capacity of about 2 t/hr.

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Output 5: Closure of Existing Dumpsite. The existing dumpsite covers an area of about 5,000
m2. Dumping has not been done systematically, waste is gathered on the vast area consisting
mainly of mixed wastes. There is no leachate formation. Closure will include systematic clean-
up of other area and removal of remaining waste from dump site to SLF.
SUBPROJECT OF JANIUAY
Output 1: Acquisition of two waste collection vehicles. Two dump trucks, each with a
capacity of 10m3-13 m3, will be acquired. These additional vehicles will facilitate expansion of
the coverage to the rural barangays and increase the number of collection trips.
Output 2: Acquisition of 270 waste bins. The HDPE bins will have 240- liter capacity. These
will facilitate temporary storage of segregated waste prior to collection and complement the
currently available, 100-liter plastic bins being used by the LGU.
Output 3: Acquisition of SLF Equipment consists of a bulldozer and a weigh bridge.
Output 4: Construction of MRF with power substation. The MRF will occupy 900 m2 section
of the 6.2 hectare lot allotted for the SLF in Barangay Caraudan. It will be designed to process
15 to 30 tons of waste per day in an 8-hour shift using a combination of mechanical and manual
processing. The MRF will be used to recover the recyclables from the collected waste. The
substation will be used to connect the MRF and the SLF to the grid.
Output 5: Construction of a Category 2 Sanitary Landfill. The SLF will be located in a 6.2
hectare lot in Barangay Caraudan. It will be progressively developed into two cells with an
effective capacity of 346,000 m3 net of the space to be occupied by the soil cover.
Output 6: Closure of Gibolo dumpsite. The Gibolo dumpsite covers an area of about 4,500
m2 and is expected to have an accumulated waste of about 7,500 tons. Closure will include:
removal of waste from barangay road, grading and compaction, slope modification, application
of soil cover, drainage control and leachate collection
SUBPROJECT OF MALAY/BORACAY
Output 1: Landfill Mining at Balabag, Manoc-Manoc and Yapak. This will consist of (i)
mobilization and site preparation, (ii) excavation and recovery of recyclables and high-energy
value materials; (iii) cleaning of Balabag, Manoc-Manoc and Yapak (iv) preparation of g
transportable bales (1.2 m x 0.85 m x1.1 m) of 47,100m3, (v) storing 20,000 bales and
transporting and storing 9,000 bales to Manoc Manoc, (vi) managing incoming waste over a
period of six months to Manoc-Manoc 10,550 m3 and to Balabag 20,000 m3, (vi) preparing
transportable bales 9,200 m3, (vii) storing 3,600 bales and transporting and storing 5,600 bales
to Manoc-Manoc, (viii) transporting fines and residues of 14,950 m3 to Kasibulan SLF and (ix)
remediation of Yapak MRF site, application of soil cover of 400 m3 and greening an area of
1,400 m2.
Output 2: Construction of a MRF/WTE at Manoc-Manoc. This output will include (i)
procurement and installation of mechanical/manual processing facility (MRF) with the design
capacity of 50 tons/day; (iii) procurement and installation of estimated 1 MW electricity output
WTE plant, which consists of thermal waste treatment unit and heat/energy conversion unit; and
(iv) a sub-station to connect the power plant to the network.
Output 3: Construction of a new cell at Kabulihan SLF. This will consist of (i) a gate,
fencing and lighting of the area, surface water drainage system and internal road; (ii) cell with
HDPE lining and leachate collection system; (iii) procurement of landfill equipment; and (iv)
construction of leachate circulation system.

Page 56
Output 4: Waste collection and hauling improvement. This will consist of: (i) the purchase of
barge for hauling of waste and recyclables from Boracay to Caticlan; (ii) purchase of four (4)
brand new compaction trucks of 5 m3 capacity; (iii) two (2) brand-new open trucks with a
capacity of 8-10 m3; and (iv) purchase of 450 pieces of 240-liter capacity HDPE waste bins.
Output 5: Acquisition of SWM equipment. This will consist of (i) purchase of bulldozer for
SLF operation in Kabulihan, (ii) a weigh bridge for the mechanized MRF in Manoc-Manoc; and
(iii) four wheel loaders, three forklifts, four weighing scales, and two standard tool sets for MRF
operations in Balabag and Manoc-Manoc.
Output 6: Construction of MRF at Katiclan. It will be designed to process 10 tons of waste
per day in an 8-hour shift using a combination of mechanical and manual processing. The MRF
will be used to recover the recyclables from the collected waste. It will mainly support increasing
waste generation at the entry point of Boracay.
SUBPROJECT OF LA TRINIDAD MUNICIPALITY
Output 1: Acquisition of waste collection vehicles. Eight (8) compaction trucks (each with
5m3 capacity) and two (2) skip trucks will be acquired. These additional vehicles will facilitate
replacement of the aging fleet of dump and compaction trucks.
Output 2: Acquisition waste bins. 620 waste bins and 6 skip bins will be acquired. HDPE
bins with 1.1m3 capacity and steel skip bins with 8m3 capacity will be acquired. These bins will
facilitate temporary storage of segregated waste prior to collection and complement the
currently available, 100-liter plastic and steel-wire bins being used by the LGU.
Output 3: Acquisition of SLF equipment. The equipment will include a bulldozer and
leachate pumps.
Output 4: Modernization and upgrading of the compost plant. New piping system will
increase air supply/convey leachate from composting boxes. Six (6) aerated composting boxes
will be added to the existing compost plant. The amount of blowers will likewise be increased
and the blowing/suction concept employed will be improved or changed.
Output 5: Acquisition of equipment for compost plant. The equipment to be acquired
include a trailer, tools, sieve drum, wheel loader, shredder, and water pump.
Output 6: Acquisition of Barangay MRFs. Establishment of 5 Clustered Barangay level MRFs
consisting of a semi-automated MRF equipped with two Eco Compost Receptacle systems. One
centralized MRF unit shall process MSW from the five most urbanized barangays directed to the
Alno SLF.
Output 7: Construction of a category 2 Cell III. The Cell is located in a 9.6 hectare (ha) lot in
Barangay Alno. SLF size is 2.7 ha. It will be progressively developed into four cells with an
effective capacity of 350,000 m3 net of the space to be occupied by the soil cover. Cell III
construction also consists of an installation of weighing bridge..
Output 8: Landfill mining. The landfill mining is one of the first measures before the
rehabilitation of Cell I and to recover recyclables, combustible fractions, soil, and landfill space
to extend the life span of the cell from 7 to 12 years. This includes excavation and processing of
21,140 tons of waste, backfilling of 11,800 m, and preparing 28,990 bales (650kg/pc) for
intermediate storage or transportation to a thermo/energy recovery facility.
Output 9: Rehabilitation of access road to Alno SLF. This includes 750 m rehabilitation
work. The road was established within the compound of Alno Sanitary Landfill owned by the

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municipal government. The access road should be an 'all weather' road at least 4 m wide and
well passable even during the rainy season.
Output 10: Rehabilitation of Cell I. To operationalize Cell I after landfill mining the following
measures have to be taken: (i) proper site investigation to confirm activities to be carried out; (ii)
rehabilitation of the existing on-reinforced retention wall; (iii) rehabilitation of leachate
dewatering ditch; (iv) rehabilitation of leachate treatment facility; and (v) construction of leachate
circulation or/and treatment system.
2. Output 2: IEC and Knowledge Management

190. The minimum target of the IEC plan for the PSWMSP is to make the participating pilot
municipalities fully comply with RA 9003. The situation in most of the pilot areas reflects the
nationwide findings of the NSWMC indicating low public awareness on solid waste issues and
lack of motivation to compel the practice waste of avoidance and the 3Rs.
191. Additionally, IEC tools will help persuade the participating LGUs to invest in a long-term
SWM solution that is environment-friendly, efficiently managed, technology-driven, and socially
acceptable to the affected communities.
192. Another target of the IEC is to rationalize the need to implement SWM across a cluster
of adjacent municipalities to achieve economies of scale for some pilot areas.
193. The IEC strategies that the project will adopt include the optimization of audience reach
through various media (i.e. print, electronic, face-to-face events, etc.), while the IEC capabilities
of those who will carry out and sustain the communication strategy at the municipal, LGU
cluster, and provincial levels will likewise be enhanced.
194. Knowledge management activities will involve organizing symposia, case studies, and
online discussion groups to promote and establish a practice or culture of monitoring and
reporting the LGUs progress in the following: compliance, enforcement, and recognition;
sustainable SWM financing; SWM technology, innovation, and research; related economic
opportunities; organizational development and enhanced inter-agency collaboration; and cross-
cutting issues that include good governance, caring for vulnerable groups, and reducing disaster
and climate change risks.
195. A communication work plan covering 24 months from January 2016 to Dec 2017 will
chart specific IEC tools and activities, their target audiences, budgets and indicators of
successful implementation. Stakeholders Communication Strategy and Stakeholder
Communication and Knowledge Management Action Plan are presented in the Supplementary
Report 8.
3. Output 3: Capacity Development and Enhancement

196. While most of the key enabling policies and management plans are already in place at
both national and local levels, failures in the effectiveness of the delivery of SWM services could
be attributed to poor access to updated and accurate SWM information and knowledge sources;
weak technical knowledge, information, and capacity, and access to new and emerging SWM
technologies and SWM database of information and knowledge systems; and lack of training
modules/programmes on SWM technical approaches, systems, and processes.
197. Based on these core areas for improving technical and operational capacities of local
and national implementing agencies, the recommended areas for strengthening and
improvement their capacities are outlined below.

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198. The proposed training and capacity building for SWM of national implementing agencies
or bodies are as follows:
a. NSWMC Secretariat:
i. strengthening the establishment of an integrated and national and
regional SWM database and information and knowledge management
system
ii. strengthening strategic policy research and analysis of SWM issues and
challenges, including conduct of primary surveys/research and
projections/scenario building or modeling exercises
iii. strengthening strategic planning and management
b. DENR-EMB regional offices:
i. revision and evaluation of the conduct and analysis of WACS module for
LGUs to include calorific value content analysis
ii. strengthening and establishment of an open, publicly accessible
integrated national/regional SWM database and knowledge management
information system
iii. revision and upgrading of air quality and water quality monitoring
standards for SWM and WTEs
iv. strengthening and improvement of local field staff capacity for technical
and standards monitoring and enforcement
c. National and regional ecology centers:
i. updating and revision of trainers training module/assistance to LGUs for
WACS in cooperation with DENR-EMB units; WACS should be adopted at
the national level to have standard modules.
ii. updating and revision of trainers training module for SWM plan preparation
and formulation in cooperation with DENR-EMB units
199. The proposed training and capacity building for SWM local implementing agencies or
bodies are as follows:
i. enhanced conduct and analysis of WACS
ii. enhanced preparation and formulation of SWM plans
iii. technical analysis and evaluation of appropriate and alternative options for
SWM facility, detailed SWM systems and facility design and engineering,
operations and management, among others
iv. technical review, preparation and conduct of contract negotiations for SWM
joint venture, service contract/procurement, and PPP options
v. technical support in the establishment and operations of an LGU SWM
corporate entity or body
vi. improvement in the technical monitoring and evaluation capacity of local
LGU staff (i.e., MENRO, Engineering/General Services offices) in
environmental, physical, engineering and technical standards and criteria
vii. SWM site visits and technology familiarization seminars/workshops/fairs
(local and regional).

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4. Output 4: Project Implementation and Management Support

200. PIMSC Team shall cover the provision of expert technical adviser and support to the
PMO in the review and evaluation of submitted LGU SWM project proposals under the SWMSP
grant/loan facility.
201. The SWM PIMSC team provides expert inputs and specialist information to the PMO
and appropriate agencies on the different aspects of a economically viable and sustainable solid
waste management programme from the technical and data analysis, identification and
preparation of project proposals or feasibility studies for a SWM project, including WTE options,
detailed engineering design and standards, financing schemes and business plans, contracting
and procurement of services, legal/institutional and administrative structures and arrangements
from the proposed LGU SWM projects. However, a participating LGU shall have an approved or
conditionally approved SWMP. The team also provides over-all project management support to
the PMO including formulation and development of project management plan, monitoring and
evaluation, IEC and communication/marketing, financial management and grant facility
administration.
202. Land Acquisition and Involuntary Resettlement Impacts. The four pilot sub-projects
do not involve any land acquisition, as identified infrastructure investments (construction and/or
rehabilitation of SLF, MRF and Waste-To-Energy (WTE) Facility) will be carried out entirely on
government-owned or government-leased property. There are also no affected households
(AHs) in the Del Carmen and Malay/Aklan sub-projects as no non-land assets or existing
livelihood/income-generating activities will be temporarily/permanently affected by sub-project
investments.
203. However, project activities in the two remaining sub-projects (i.e. For the Janiuay sub-
project, closure of the existing dumpsite in Janiuay Municipality; and strict implementation of no
mixed waste dumping in the La Trinidad sub-project) will have both direct and indirect adverse
picking activities in the existing dumpsites.
204. Resettlement Plans prepared during the PPTA. Given the aforementioned impacts,
sample RPs have been prepared for project appraisal for (i) the Janiuay Cluster sub-project;
and, (ii) the La Trinidad sub-project. Involuntary resettlement impacts for the Janiuay cluster
sub-project involves permanent economic displacement (loss of livelihood/income source) of 18
affected households (AHs) with 95 affected persons (APs) that currently derive income from
separating and selling recyclable waste in the existing dumpsites of Janiuay, Calinog and
Cabatuan Municipalities. Of these, 17 AHs (87 APs) are considered severely affected, as the
loss of livelihood/income from waste picking is equivalent to 10% or more of their total income.
Involuntary Resettlement impacts for the La Trinidad sub-project likewise involves permanent
economic displacement (loss of livelihood/income source) of 28 AHs (135 APs) that currently
derive income from separating and selling recyclable waste in La Trinidads existing SLF. All 28
AHs (135 APs) in La Trinidad will be severely affected, as the loss of livelihood/income from
waste picking is equivalent to 10% or more of their total income.
205. Income and Livelihood Restoration Measures. The La Trinidad and Janiuay RPs
discuss livelihood and income restoration measures that will be put in place to ensure that AHs
standards of living are restored to at least pre-project conditions. At feasibility study stage, the
preliminary income restoration program (IRP) included in the draft RPs was designed based on
identified resettlement impacts of the sub-project and consultations with AHs. The IRP and its
implementation mechanism will be finalized during RP updating with the active involvement of
participating AHs (vulnerable AHs and severely affected HHs). Particular attention will be

Page 60
provided for vulnerable AHs to: (i) ensure their participation in meetings involving consultation
and planning of livelihood and other income generating projects, and in monitoring of progress
of activities, and (ii) track improvements in income and general well-being of the households.
206. The finalized IRP will be in the form of an activity plan with clear objectives, achievable
milestones, time table, resource allocation, and responsible unit/person drawn up jointly by the
LGU and the waste pickers. The plan should contain an integrated and coordinated set of
activities that will connect: (i) employment skills learned to actual jobs and (ii) microfinance
project to marketable goods and services produced. Financial management training must
likewise be carried out to help affected households properly manage the income earned. IRP
activities will be implemented along with implementation of other measures described in the
resettlement plans and will be covered by internal monitoring. The project executing agency and
concerned LGUs will ensure the timely availability and disbursement of adequate resources
(financial and human resources, venues for trainings, etc.) for the IRP. Income restoration
measures must already be in place prior to displacement and prior to issuance of Notice to
Proceed (NTP) for any civil works.
207. In the Janiuay subproject, all affected households will be affected by permanent loss of
livelihood and are thus eligible to participate in the IRP. As per the project entitlement matrix,
identified vulnerable affected households will also receive priority employment in project-related
jobs. IRP measures in Janiuay include livelihood skills and financial management training, job
placement, establishment of a buy-back center for recyclables and support for entrepreneurial
activities, establishment of a revolving fund to support other productive activities, microfinance
support, and medical check-up and health support.
208. Similarly, in the La Trinidad subproject, all affected households will be affected by
permanent loss of livelihood and are also considered severely affected. They are thus eligible to
participate in the IRP, which will include livelihood skills training, training in practical financial
management and bookkeeping, job placement, priority employment in the proposed SLF,
establishment of a buy-back center for recyclables, revolving fund to support other productive
activities, microfinance support, and medical check-up and health support.
209. Resettlement Plan Implementation Arrangements. For the Janiuay cluster subproject
implementation arrangements are as follows:
210. The DENR, through the Project Management Office (PMO), and the LGU of Janiuay
have the overall responsibility for preparing, updating, implementing and financing the RP.
Through the PMO, the DENR will (i) monitor and evaluate the progress of activities under the
RP by way of coordination with the LGU; and, (ii) report to ADB progress of activities, and
feedback to LGU comments and suggestions from ADB.
211. The PMO, which will have a social safeguards focal/officer will: (i) carry out internal
monitoring and evaluation of resettlement activities including income and livelihood restoration
for the APs; (ii) assist DENR in reporting to ADB, and in obtaining comments and suggestions
for LGU implementation of resettlement activities; (iii) support the LGU in updating the RP; and,
(iv) ensure the timely delivery of budget for the implementation of resettlement activities by the
LGU.
212. Janiuay LGU shall serve as the main local implementing agencies responsible for the
management of the sub-project from its development, through implementation and subsequent
operations and maintenance. The Janiuay Municipal Environment and Natural Resources Office
(MENRO) will be the lead agency in the implementation of the Solid Waste Management Plan
(SWMP).

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213. The LGU of Janiuay will (i) participate in all activities involved in resettlement planning
and implementation for the sub-project; (ii) secure legal instruments (e.g., Executive Orders,
Municipal Resolutions, Memorandum Orders, Deeds of Donation etc.) that are necessary to
implement the RP; (iii) mobilize concerned units such as Barangay officials, the Municipal Social
Welfare and Development Office, Municipal Agriculture Office, Department of Labor and
Employment Public Employment Service Office (DOLE-PESO), and Solid Waste Management
Office, as necessary, to assist in implementing the Plan; (iv) identify and mobilize possible
program partners such as but not limited to the Technical Education and Skills Development
Authority (TESDA), Department of Trade and Industry (DTI), NGOs, and business sector to
assist in activities that are within the organizations mandate and expertise; and, (v) secure from
their municipal treasury the budget for developing and implementing the RP, ensuring that funds
and human resources are available in a timely manner and in sufficient amounts.
214. The Project Management and Implementation Support Consultants (PMISC) to be
recruited by DENR will include one national social safeguards specialist (30 person-months,
intermittent). The social safeguards specialist will assist in updating Resettlement Plan and
implementation for the entire Project.
215. The PMO will be the Projects internal monitor. During resettlement plan implementation,
which is expected to begin at the time of the detailed measurement survey (DMS), quarterly
internal monitoring reports will be submitted to ADB. The PMISC will prepare a resettlement
completion report per civil works contract and submit this to DENR and ADB prior to the award
of civil works contracts.
216. For La Trinidad Sub-project, RP implementation arrangements are as follows:
The DENR, through the Project Management Office (PMO), and the La Trinidad LGU
have overall responsibility for preparing, updating, implementing and financing the RP.
Through the PMO, the DENR will (i) monitor and evaluate the progress of activities
under the RP by way of coordination with the LGU; and, (ii) report to ADB progress of
activities, and feedback to LGU comments and suggestions from ADB.
The PMO, which will have a social safeguards focal/officer will: (i) carry out internal
monitoring and evaluation of resettlement activities including income and livelihood
restoration for the APs; (ii) assist DENR in reporting to ADB, and in obtaining comments
and suggestions for LGU implementation of resettlement activities; (iii) support the LGU
in updating the RP; and, (iv) ensure the timely delivery of budget for the implementation
of resettlement activities by the LGU.
The La Trinidad LGU will (i) participate in all activities involved in resettlement planning
and implementation for the sub-project; (ii) secure legal instruments (e.g., Executive
Orders, Municipal Resolutions, Memorandum Orders, Deeds of Donation etc.) that are
necessary to implement the RP; (iii) mobilize concerned units such as Barangay officials,
the Municipal Social Welfare and Development Office, Municipal Agriculture Office,
Department of Labor and Employment Public Employment Service Office (DOLE-
PESO), and Solid Waste Management Office, as necessary, to assist in implementing
the Plan; (iv) identify and mobilize possible program partners such as but not limited to
the Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA), Department of
Trade and Industry (DTI), NGOs, and business sector to assist in activities that are
within the organizations mandate and expertise; and, (v) secure from the municipal
treasury the budget for developing and implementing the RP, ensuring that funds and
human resources are available in a timely manner and in sufficient amounts.

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217. The Project Management and Implementation Support Consultants (PMISC) to be

recruited by DENR will include one national social safeguards specialist (30 person-months,
intermittent). The social safeguards specialist will assist in Resettlement Planning and
Implementation for the entire Project.
218. As in Janiuay, the PMO will be the internal monitor for RP implementation in La Trinidad.
During resettlement plan implementation, which is expected to begin at the time of the detailed
measurement survey (DMS), quarterly internal monitoring reports will be submitted to ADB. The
PMISC will prepare a resettlement completion report per civil works contract and submit this to
DENR and ADB prior to the award of civil works contracts.
219. Involuntary Resettlement Categorization. Given the number of severely affected
persons, the Project is proposed Category B (involuntary resettlement impacts not deemed
significant). Other RPs will be prepared during project implementation stage as and when the
sites are identified and land acquisition and involuntary resettlement impacts are assessed.
Public consultations with affected households have been undertaken during RP preparation and
consultations with concerned stakeholders will continue throughout the project cycle.
220. Resettlement Framework as guide for Resettlement Plan Preparation and
Updating. A Resettlement Framework (RF) was prepared to guide the preparation and updating
of resettlement plans (RPs) for pilot sub-projects with land acquisition and resettlement impacts.
It will likewise guide RP preparation for any sub-projects identified after project appraisal that
involve land acquisition and resettlement impacts.
C. Proposed Selection Criteria for LGUs to Participate in PSWMSP Development

221. This Report represents the Investment Program on the PSWMSP, which is made
available to provinces, cities and municipalities.
222. Criteria for the LGUs selection will be primarily based on (a) urgency and well-defined
investment needs for solid waste management improvement; (b) financial management,
commitment to establish a specific account for SWM and governance; (c) inclusion of serving
low-income communities; (d) project preparedness such as approved Feasibility Study or/and
approver or conditionally approved SWM plan; (e) potential for establishing regional SWM
facility; and (f) opportunities for private sector participation. Participating LGUs shall meet the
following eligibility criteria:
a) Approved and conditionally approved Solid Waste Management Plan
b) Letter of Intent (LOI) from the Mayors Office or Governors Office expressing
interest to participate in the Investment Program of PSWMS for the identified
subproject;
c) Resolution from the Sangguniang Bayan confirming the need for the proposed
subproject and authorizing the Mayor to enter, on behalf of the LGU, into the
PSWMS project with DENR, and incur obligations and expenses relating to the
subproject such as resettlement, IP or waste pickers permanent loss of working
opportunities, taxes and duties;
223. The listing of proposed HUCs is meant to provide well-defined interventions to expedite
SWM implementation in selected HUCs. An ultimate objective of these proposed subprojects is
to achieve goals of the Investment Program of PSWMSP to improve public health and well-
being of citizens of the recipient HUCs. The selection procedure employed in short listing the
four pilot LGUs is presented in Annexe 1 and 2. A long list of the proposed HUCs is also

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presented in Annex 3. Supporting mission reports on Baquio, Dumaguete56, General Santos

Santa Rosa and Zambonga City Proposal are as presented in Annexes 3.1 to 3.5.
D. Special Features
224. The Aquino administration is leading the way forward to long-term and sustainable SWM
solutions. The national government has taken the initiative to improve sector governance by
formulating and exploring alternative financing modalities in support of its investment programs.
Under the present SWM sector project, the National Government will take the loan from ADB
and use it to fund SWM projects of the selected LGUs. The selected LGUs will receive a 100%
grant for all basic SWM infrastructure development excluding energy recovery from waste with
PPP arrangements. It has been an established fact that private sector involvement is a crucial, if
not mandatory, to secure sustainability of MRFs and WTE operation. The grant to LGUs takes
on a performance-based incentive approach evaluated through a limited number of easily
measurable key performance indicators. To ensure subproject financial sustainability, revenues
earned are required to be ring-fenced and used exclusively for the payment of SWM
expenditures. In this regard, it is necessary to establish an SWM accountancy system.
1. Innovative Technology
225. The Project will pave the way for WTE technologies, which is expected to take place in
all major urban cities. In this connection, the investment program is an enabling environment for
enhanced economic activities and job opportunities. The sector can become an additional
catalyst for growth and broad-based development with poverty reduction and high economic
returns through resource and energy recovery infrastructure.
226. The Project introduces the concept of landfill mining, which is essentially the recovery of
valuable recyclable materials from closed and open dumpsites including the dumped wastes
combustible fraction, soil, and landfill space. The aeration of the landfill soil is a secondary
benefit regarding the landfill's future use. The separated combustible fraction may then be
further processed into commercially marketable RDFs for use in cement factories or treated as
a high-energy input to WTE Facilities. It is expected that landfill mining will take place in Metro
Manila and many other economic hubs in the near future with the fast depletion of available
spaces, rising land value and the pressing need to restore dumpsites for other activities. Aside
from its merit of increasing/maximizing land value, the concept of landfill mining and use
conversion, most importantly, contributes to the eradication of environmental pollution and GHG
emissions. The general process of landfill mining involves a sequence of processing machines
laid out in a functional conveyor system. The operating principle is to excavate, sieve, and sort
the landfill material.
2. PPP and Large-scale Investments

227. The PPP regulatory framework, as laid down in the pertinent laws, gave mandates to
certain regulatory institutions over infrastructure and development projects. Thus, for BOT
projects, the approving authorities are as follows:
228. National Projects. The projects must be part of the development programs of a public
sector entity. Projects costing up to Php300 million shall be submitted to the NEDA-Investment
Coordination Committee (ICC) for approval. Those costing more than Php300 million shall be
56
Dumagete is not HUC. However, its need to improve entire SWM system is very high

Page 64
submitted to the NEDA Board for approval upon the recommendation of the ICC. Regardless of
the amount, however, negotiated projects shall be submitted for approval upon recommendation
by the ICC.
229. Local Projects. Projects to be implemented by LGUs shall be submitted by the
concerned LGU for confirmation by the (a) municipal development council for those costing up
to Php20 million; (b) provincial development council, if more than Php20 million up to Php50
million; (c) city development council, if up to Php50 million; (d) regional development council, or
in the case of Metro Manila project, the Regional Development Council for Metropolitan Manila,
if more than Php50 million up to Php200 million; and (e) ICC, for those cost if more than Php200
million. The final approval of LGU projects is vested in the local Sanggunian under the LGC.
230. In addition, clearances from other government agencies such as DENR, Department of
Budget and Management (DBM), and Department of Finance (DOF) are required. Upon review
and qualification, the DENR issues an environmental clearance certificate; the DBM issues a
Certification of Budget Cover Availability, if needed; and the DOF identifies government
guarantee requirements or confirms that the project requires no government undertaking (if the
project is unsolicited).
231. Projects undertaken through the build-own-operate (BOO) scheme or through
contractual arrangements or schemes other than those defined above shall require presidential
approval. For this purpose, the government entity shall submit the proposed project to the
NEDA Board through the ICC, which shall evaluate the proposal and forward its
recommendations to the President. Projects shall be deemed to have been approved by the
President when approved at a NEDA Board meeting presided over by the President.
232. Joint Venture. In a joint venture, whether contractual or corporate, the approving
authorities are as follows: (i) For a national government department, the Secretary must
approve the joint venture; (ii) For an LGU, the Sanggunian, local chief executive concerned and
supervising LGU must approve the joint venture; (iii) For a government owned and controlled
corporation (GOCC) like the water district, government corporate entity, government financial
institution, and state universities and colleges, the venture must be approved by the governing
board of the entity concerned.
233. Procurement. For procurement worth Php500 million, the approval of the Government
Procurement Policy Board is required. All procurement transactions must be approved by the
head of the procuring entity.
234. The Office of the President is also the approving authority over projects that will go
through the BOO scheme. Other BOT variants that are not listed in the BOT Law will have to be
approved by the Office of the President. By virtue of Executive Order No. 8 series of 2010
signed on 9 September 2010, the Build, Operate and Transfer Center was renamed and
reorganized into the Public-Private Partnership Center of the Philippines. Its attachment was
transferred from the DTI to NEDA to efficiently and effectively implement the Medium-Term
Philippine Development Plan by facilitating the coordination and monitoring of the PPP
programs and projects.
E. Project Financing Plan and Lending Arrangements
1. Project Cost Estimate and Financing Plan

235. The total cost of the Project is estimated at $95.13 million equivalent, including taxes,
duties, and physical and price contingencies (Table 2).

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Table 3.1: Cost Estimates by Outputs

($ million)
A. Base Cost b
Subtotal (A) 75.88
B. Contingencies c
1. Physical Contingencies 7.58
2. Price Contingencies 6.95
Subtotal (B) 14.53
C. Financing Charges during Implementation d 4.71
Total (A+B+C) 95.13
a
Includes taxes and duties of $10.83 million equivalent, involuntary resettlement of $0.10 million equivalent and
land acquisition cost of $0.05 million equivalent, all to be financed from Government sources. Additional
Government support is provided for administration and operational support during project implementation estimated
at $1.2 million equivalent from DENR and $0.32 million equivalent from the LGUs.
b
In October 2014 prices
c
d
Resources (OCR) with 25-year term including 6-year grace period, 0.15% commitment charge,
and interest rates determined in accordance with ADBs London interbank offered rate (LIBOR)-
based lending facility plus 0.6 spread. The loan will finance civil works, equipment, capital
goods, consulting services, and contingencies.
finance one subproject involving the establishment of a waste-to-energy facility.
Table 3.2: Financing Plan

($ million)

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Total Percent

ADB Grant 1.00 1.0
95.13 100.0
2. Disbursement Arrangements
238. The Loan proceeds including ADB administered co-financier funds will be disbursed in
accordance with ADBs Loan Disbursement Handbook (2007, as amended from time to time),57
and detailed arrangements agreed upon between the Government and ADB.
239. Pursuant to ADB's Safeguard Policy Statement (2009) (SPS),58 ADB funds may not be
applied to the activities described on the ADB Prohibited Investment Activities List set forth at
Appendix 5 of the SPS. All financial institutions will ensure that their investments are in
compliance with applicable national laws and regulations and will apply the prohibited
investment activities list (Appendix 5) to subprojects financed by ADB.
240. The Project funds are composed of the ADB and co-financier loan and grant proceeds
and government counterpart funds. Government counterpart funds are in the form of taxes and
duties and recurring administrative expenses. ADB and co-financier loan and grant funds will be
disbursed by imprest account method. Government counterpart funds will be disbursed in
accordance with the Philippine budgetary system and the New Government Accounting System
(NGAS).
241. To ensure the timely release of ADB and co-financier loan and grant proceeds and to
expedite Project implementation, the DENR will, immediately upon loan effectiveness, open
Project imprest account at a bank acceptable to ADB. The DENR will be responsible for
managing, replenishing, and liquidating the imprest account. The advance to the imprest
account will be limited to 10% of the eligible expenditures to be financed by the ADB and co-
financier loan and grant funds, or 6 months projected eligible expenditures, whichever is less.
ADBs SOE procedure will be used for replenishment and liquidation of the imprest account.
The maximum ceiling of $100,000 per payment will apply.
242. The request for initial advance to the imprest account should be accompanied by an
Estimate of Expenditure Sheet 59 setting out the estimated expenditures for the first six (6)
months of project implementation, and submission of evidence satisfactory to ADB that the
imprest account has been duly opened. For every liquidation and replenishment request of the
imprest account, the DENR will furnish to ADB (a) Statement of Account (Bank Statement)
57
Available at: http://www.adb.org/Documents/Handbooks/Loan_Disbursement/loan-disbursement-final.pdf
58
Available at: http://www.adb.org/Documents/Policies/Safeguards/Safeguard-Policy-Statement-June2009.pdf
59
Available in Appendix 29 of the Loan Disbursement Handbook.

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where the imprest account is maintained, and (b) the Imprest Account Reconciliation Statement
(IARS) reconciling the above mentioned bank statement against the DENR records.60
243. SOE records should be maintained and made readily available for review by ADB's
disbursement and review mission or upon ADB's request for submission of supporting
documents on a sampling basis, and for independent audit.61
244. Before the submission of the first withdrawal application, the borrower should submit to
ADB sufficient evidence of the authority of the person(s) who will sign the withdrawal
applications on behalf of the borrower, together with the authenticated specimen signatures of
each authorized person. The minimum value per withdrawal application is US$100,000, unless
otherwise approved by ADB. Withdrawal applications and supporting documents will
demonstrate, among other things that the goods, and/or services were produced in or from ADB
members, and are eligible for ADB financing.
245. To ensure the timely release of the loan and grant proceeds and to expedite Project
implementation, DENR will, immediately upon loan effectiveness, open and maintain an imprest
account where the loan and grant proceeds will be deposited. ADB will deposit to the imprest
account an initial amount equivalent to the estimated disbursements of approved sub-loans and
grants to the LGU beneficiaries for the first 6 months of project implementation, or 10% of the
their sub-loan and grant proceeds, whichever is lower. DENR-FMS will be responsible for
establishing, managing, replenishing, and liquidating the imprest account.
246. The loan and grant proceeds shall be disbursed in accordance with ADBs Loan
Disbursement Handbook (2012, as amended from time to time), and detailed arrangements
should be agreed upon between the Government and ADB. The statement of expenditures
(SOE) procedures shall be used for reimbursement and to liquidate and replenish the imprest
account for eligible expenditures. Each individual payment reimbursed or liquidated using the
SOE procedures shall not exceed the amount mutually agreed upon between the Government
and ADB.
3. Accounting, Auditing and Reporting

251. The DENR will maintain separate project accounts and records by funding source for all
expenditures incurred on the Project. Project accounts will follow international accounting
principles and practices and those prescribed by the Government's accounting laws and
regulations.
252. The FMS and participating EMB Regional Offices will maintain separate project records
and accounts in accordance with sound accounting principles. Their records and accounts will
be sufficiently detailed to identify sub-grants and subprojects financed by the loan and grant
proceeds and to disclose the sources and expenditure of funds, including counterpart
contributions provided in cash or in kind. The FMS will submit project accounts provided by
participating EMB Regional Offices to ADB within 3 months of the end of the fiscal year. The
FMS and participating EMB Regional Offices will (i) have the project accounts and their financial
60
Follow the format provided in Appendix 30 of the Loan Disbursement Handbook.
61
Checklist for SOE procedures and formats are available at:
http://www.adb.org/documents/handbooks/loan_disbursement/chap-09.pdf
http://www.adb.org/documents/handbooks/loan_disbursement/SOE-Contracts-100-Below.xls
http://www.adb.org/documents/handbooks/loan_disbursement/SOE-Contracts-Over-100.xls
http://www.adb.org/documents/handbooks/loan_disbursement/SOE-Operating-Costs.xls
http://www.adb.org/documents/handbooks/loan_disbursement/SOE-Free-Format.xls

Page 68
statements audited annually, according to generally accepted auditing standards, by the

Commission on Audit; and (ii) submit to ADB, within 9 months of the end of each fiscal year, a
copy of the auditors report on the project accounts and audited financial statements. The
auditors report on project accounts will include a separate audit opinion on the use of the
imprest account and the SOE procedure.
F. Procurement
1. Assessment of Procurement Capacity

249. DENR has a Customized Manual for Procurement which was already approved for use
by the Government Procurement Policy Board (GPPB) in 2007. The Manual is found to be
consistent with Government Procurement Reform Act (GPRA) also known as RA 9184
and the ADB Procurement Guidelines. A Procurement Unit under the DENR-FASPO has also
been established which has a main task of acting as a secretariat and supports the Bids and
Awards Committee (BAC) of the DENR-FASPO.
250. Advisory and consultancy services on procurement will be made available before and
during project implementation by the DENR-FASPO.
2. Advance Contracting
251. To prevent delays in project implementation due to procurement, advance contracting is
envisioned in this Project. The procurement of services for advance contracting will be
undertaken in accordance with ADBs Procurement Guidelines (2013, as amended from time to
time) and issuance of the invitation to bid will be subject to the approval of ADB.
252. The scope of services for advance contracting will focus on (i) engagement of a team of
consultants for project implementation and support, and (ii) individual consultants that will assist
the DENR-FASPO in the selection and recruitment of the Project Implementation and
Management Support Consultant (PIMSC) and Design Supervision Consultant (DSC)
consultants.
3. Procurement of Goods, Works and Consulting Services

253. All procurement of goods, works and consulting services will be in accordance with
ADBs Procurement Guidelines. International competitive bidding (ICB) will be applied for civil
works packages exceeding $5,000,000 equivalent.
254. Within a year of loan effectiveness, the DENR-FASPO shall submit a revised
procurement plan to ADB for approval. This revised plan will contain all ongoing procurement
activities and those that are planned for the succeeding 18 months. The plan shall be updated
annually or as required after every loan review mission or after award of each major ICB
contract.
255. For changes in the procurement arrangements involving threshold, procurement
methods and review requirements and contract packaging during project implementation, the
DENR-FASPO shall present its justification for the changes and submit an updated procurement
plan for ADB approval. ADB will be responsible for posting the initial procurement plan and
subsequent updates on the ADB website.
256. All consulting services shall be recruited in accordance with the Guidelines on the Use of
Consultants by ADB and its Borrowers (2013 as amended from time to time). The scope of
services and terms of reference for the consulting services are presented in Section E and in

Page 69
the Attachment 1. Consulting firms will be engaged by the DENR-FASPO and ADB using the
quality-and cost-based selection (QCBS) method with a standard quality:cost ratio of 80:20.
257. Modification in Civil Works Contracts. For any contract variation, which would be in
aggregate increase in the original contract amount by more than 15%, the DENR-FASPO shall
provide detailed justification and seek the no objection position of ADB to the proposed contract
variation. If the proposed variation is inconsistent with the procurement plan and the provision of
the financing agreement, the ADB shall promptly advise the DENR-FASPO stating the reasons
for its position. The DENR-FASPO shall furnish the ADB all amendments to the contracts for
civil works for legal and record purposes.
4. Procurement Plan
Basic Data
Project Name: PHI: Solid Waste Management Sector Project

Country: PHI Executing Agency: DENR
Loan and Grant Amounts: $ 70M Loan (Grant) Number: XXXX
Date of First Procurement Plan: Date of this Procurement Plan:
5. Process Thresholds, Review and 18-Month Procurement Plan
258. Except as the Asian Development Bank (ADB) may otherwise agree, the following
process thresholds shall apply to procurement of goods and works:
Table. 3.3: Project Procurement Thresholds

Method Threshold
62
International Competitive Bidding (ICB) for Works Equal or above to $5,000,000
1
International Competitive Bidding (ICB) for Goods Equal or above to $1,000,000
1
National Competitive Bidding (NCB) for Works Below $5,000,000 down to $100,000
1
National Competitive Bidding for Goods Below $1,000,000 down to $100,000
Shopping for Works Below $100,000
Shopping for Goods Below $100,000
Source: PPTA Consultant.
259. Except as ADB may otherwise agree, the following prior or post review requirements
apply to the various procurement and consultant recruitment methods used for project.
62
See ADB Procurement Guidelines, 2013.

Page 70
Table. 3.4: ADB Review Requirements

Procurement Method Prior or Post Comments
ICB for Works Prior
ICB for Goods Prior
NCB for Works Prior Prior review is required for the actual
first bidding documents after which
NCB for Goods Prior post review applies.
Shopping for Works Post
Shopping for Goods Post
Recruitment of Consulting Services
Quality and Cost Based Selection (QCBS) Prior Quality-cost weighting ration 80:20
Quality Based Selection (QBS) Prior
Other selection methods: Consultants
In accordance with the Guidelines on
Qualification Selection (CQS), Least Cost
Post the Use of Consultants (2010 as
Selection (LCS), Fixed Budget (FBS) and
amended from time to time)
Single Source (SSS)
Recruitment of Individual Consultants
In accordance with the Guidelines on
Individual Consultants Prior the Use of Consultants (2010 as
amended from time to time)
260. The following table lists goods and works contracts for which procurement activity is
expected to commence within 18 months of the start of the project:
Table 3.5 Goods and Works Contracts Estimated to Cost More Than $1 Million
Contract Advertisement
Procurement Prequalification
General Description Value ($ Date Comments
Method of Bidders (y/n)
millions) (quarter/year)
A. Civil Works
1. Sanitary Landfills
1.1 Del Carmen 2.53 NCB Y QIII/2015
1.2 Janiuay 2.05 NCB Y QIII/2015 ADB Funded
1.3 La Trinidad 2.99 NCB Y QIII/2015
1.4 Malay 2.61 NCB Y QIV/2015
2. Materials Recovery
Facility
3.1 La Trinidad 1.15 NCB N QIII/2015 ADB Funded
3. Waste to Energy Plant
4.1 Malay 9.70 ICB Y QIV/2015 ADB Funded
4. Non-pilot LGUs 44.80 NCB Y/N QI-QIV/2016 ADB Funded
(multiple contracts)
Goods/Equipment
1. Waste Collection
Equipment
1.1 Malay 1.10 ICB N QIV2015 ADB Funded

Page 71
261. The following table lists goods and works contracts for which procurement activity is
expected to commence within 18 months of the start of the project:
Table 3.6: Goods and Works Contracts Estimated to Cost Less than $1 Million
Contract Number of Advertisement
Recruitment
General Description Value ($ Contracts Date Comments
Method
millions) (quarter/year)
A. Civil Works
1. Materials Recovery Facility
1.1 Del Carmen 0.26 1 NCB QIV/2015
1.2 Janiuay 0.50 1 NCB QI/2016
1.3 Malay 0.11 1 NCB QIII2015
2. Dumpsite Closure
2.1 Del Carmen 0.10 1 NCB QIV/2016
2.2 Janiuay 0.41 1 NCB QIV/2016
3. Compost Plant
3.1 La Trinidad 0.26 1 NCB QIV/2015
4. Landfill Mining
4.1 La Trinidad
0.75 1 NCB QIV/2015
5. MRF Mining and Clean-up
5.1 Malay 0.85 1 NCB QII/2015
B. Goods/Equipment
1. Waste Collection Equipment
1.1 Del Carmen 0.16 1 NCB QIII/2016
2. Sanitary Landfill (O&M)
Equipment
2.1 Del Carmen 0.39 1 NCB QIII/2016
2.3 Malay 0.54 1 NCB QIV/2016
3. MRF Equipment
3.1 Janiuay 0.06 1 Shopping QIV/2015
3.2 Malay 0.03 1 Shopping QI/2016
4. Waste Collection Bins
4.1 Del Carmen 0.05 1 Shopping QIV/2015
4.2 Janiuay 0.001 1 Shopping QIV/2015
4.4 Malay 0.05 1 Shopping QIV/2015
262. The following table lists consulting services contracts for which procurement activity is
either ongoing or expected to commence within the project period:
Table 3.7: Consulting Service Contracts Estimated to Cost More Than $100,000
Contract Advertisement International
Recruitment
General Description Value Date or National Comments
Method
($million) (quarter/year) Assignment
1. Project Management and 4.80 QCBS QIII/2014 International Cost ratio 80:20
Implementation Support and National (Full Technical
Proposal)
2. Design and Construction

Page 72
Supervision Consultants (4
packages 4 subprojects)
2.1 Del Carmen 0.23 QCBS QI/2015 International Cost ratio 80:20
2.2 Janiuay 0.23 QCBS QI/2015 and National (Full Technical
2.3 La Trinidad 0.32 QCBS QI/2015 Proposal)
2.4 Malay 1.06 QCBS QI/2015
3. IEC and Knowledge 2.09 Individual QIII/2014 National
Management
4. Capacity Building & 1.04 Individual QIII/2014 National
Enhancement
263. The following table provides an indicative list of procurement (goods, equipment, works
and consulting services) over the life of the project. Contracts financed by the borrower and
others should also be indicated, with an appropriate notation in the comments section.
Table 3.8: Indicative List of Packages Required Under the Project
Estimated value Estimated
Procurement
General Description ($ million No. of Comments
Methods
accumulative) Contracts
A. Civil Works
1. Sanitary Landfill (for the 4 With Pre-
10.18 4 NCB
pilot subprojects) qualification
2. Material/Resource Recovery
Facilities (for the 4 pilot 2.04 4 NCB Post qualification
subprojects)
3. Landfill/MRF Mining and
Clean-up (for Malay & La 1.60 2 NCB
Trinidad with dump closure)
4. Dumpsite Closure (for Del
0.51 2 NCB
Carmen & Janiuay)
5. Compost Plant (La Trinidad) 0.26 1 NCB
With Pre-
6. WTE Plant (Malay) 9.70 1 ICB
qualification
7. Non-pilot LGUs 44.80 5 NCB
Total Project Cost 69. 9
B. Equipment and Goods
1. Waste Collection
2.37 4 NCB/ICB
Vehicle/Equipment
2. Sanitary Landfill (O&M)
Equipment (Del Carmen, 1.12 3 NCB
Janiuay and Malay)
3. Materials/Resource Recovery
0.09 2 Shopping
Facility (Janiuay and Malay)
4. Waste Collection Bin 0.27 4 Shopping
Total Project Cost 3.85
C. Consultancy Services
1. Project Management and
4.80 1 QCBS/FTP Cost ratio 80:20
Implementation Support
2. Design and Construction
1.84 4 QCBS/FTP Cost ratio 80:20
Supervision Consultants
3. IEC and Knowledge 2.09 1 individual

Page 73
Management
4. Capacity Building & 1.04
1 individual
Enhancement
Total Project Cost 9.77
6. International Competitive Bidding

268. The procedures to be followed for international competitive bidding shall be that of ADB
Procurement Guidelines (2013, as amended from time to time).
269. Eligibility. (i) All members and donor countries can join the bid provided that they are
not blacklisted or disbarred by any multilateral donor banks or by the UN.
270. (ii) A firm which has been engaged by the borrower to provide consulting services for the
preparation or implementation of a project, and any of its affiliates, shall be disqualified from
subsequently providing goods, works, or services, resulting from or directly related to the firm's
consulting services for such preparation or implementation.
271. Advertising. Bidding of ICB contracts shall be advertised not only on ADBs website but
also on the website of UNs Development Business to attract more international bidders.
272. Pre-qualification/post-qualification. (i) Post qualification shall be used unless
prequalification is explicitly provided for in the loan agreement/procurement plan. Irrespective of
whether post qualification or prequalification is used, eligible bidders (both national and foreign)
shall be allowed to participate.
273. (ii) In the event where pre-qualification is used, interested firms shall be given no less
than 42 days to prepare their pre-qualification submission.
274. (iii) When pre-qualification is required, the evaluation methodology shall be based on
pass/ fail criteria relating to the firms experience, technical and financial capacities.
275. (iv) Qualification criteria shall be clearly specified in the bidding documents, and all
criteria so specified, and only criteria so specified shall be used to determine whether a bidder is
qualified. The evaluation of the bidders qualifications should be conducted separately from the
technical and commercial evaluation of the bid.
276. (v) In carrying out the post-qualification assessment, the Employer/ Purchaser shall
exercise reasonable judgment in requesting, in writing, from a bidder missing factual or
historical supporting information related to the bidders qualifications and shall provide
reasonable time period (a minimum of 7 days) to the bidder to provide response.
277. Preferences. (i) No preference of any kind shall be given to domestic bidders or for
domestically manufactured goods.
278. (ii) Suppliers and contractors shall not be required to purchase local goods or supplies or
materials.
279. (iii) Foreign suppliers and contractors from ADB member countries shall be allowed to
participate, if interested, without first being required to associate with, or enter into joint venture
with, local firms.
280. (iv) Foreign suppliers and contractors from ADB member countries shall be allowed to
bid, without registration, licensing, and other government authorizations, leaving compliance
with these requirements for after award and before signing of contract.

Page 74
281. Member Country Restrictions. Bidders must be nationals of member countries of ADB,
and offered goods must be produced in member countries of ADB.
7. National Competitive Bidding

282. The procedures to be followed for national competitive bidding shall be those provisions
referring to open competitive bidding procedures set forth in Republic Act 9184, the Republic of
the Philippines, effective 26 January 2003, and its Revised Implementing Rules and
Regulations, effective 2 September 2009, with the clarifications and modifications described in
the following paragraphs required for compliance with the provisions of the Procurement
Guidelines, Section I and paras. 3.3 and 3.4 of Section III.
283. Eligibility (i) Eligibility screening shall not be applied. However, bids that do not contain
any of the following documents will not pass the documentary compliance check: (1) evidence
of the required financial, technical or production capability; (2) audited financial statements; (3)
credit line, or cash deposit certificate; (4) bid security; and (5) authority of the bid signatory.
284. (ii) National sanction lists may be applied only with prior approval of ADB
285. Advertising. Bidding of NCB contracts estimated at $500,000 or more for goods and
related services or $1,000,000 or more for civil works shall be advertised concurrently with the
general procurement notices on ADBs website.
286. Price of Bidding Documents. The price of bidding documents should be nominal,
covering only reproduction and mailing/courier costs.
287. Price Ceiling. The approved budget for the contract (ABC) may be published, but it shall
not be stated or implied that bid prices may not exceed the ABC, or that bid evaluation will in
any way take into account the ABC. The ABC, budgetary allocation, ceiling price, or similar
estimates of contract value may not be used to reject bids without prior concurrence of ADB.
288. Anticorruption provisions in Bidding Documents. Anticorruption provisions in the
Instructions to Bidders section of ADB standard bidding documents (SBDs) shall be
incorporated into NCB bidding documents including those under Corrupt Practices and
Eligible Bidders clauses of the SBDs.
289. Single Bid Submission. When a lone bidder obtains a bidding document and submits a
bid at the deadline for bid submission under a post qualification bidding, bid opening and
evaluation shall not proceed but it shall be considered a failure of bidding. Before taking any
alternative procurement action, a proper assessment of the cause of lack of participation shall
be made and ADB prior approval shall be sought for any proposed subsequent action.
290. Shopping Method. Shopping for small value procurement shall be undertaken in
accordance with the ADB Procurement Guidelines (2013, as amended from time to time).
G. Implementation Arrangements
291. Inter-Agency Project Steering Committee (IPSC). An inter-agency Project Steering
Committee (IPSC) to be chaired by the DENR Secretary or designated supervising
Undersecretary will be established to provide policy guidance, accomplish reform measures,
oversee project implementation and ensure cooperation of all agencies involved in the Project.
Indicative members of the IPSC are Secretary, DENR (chair); DOF (Vice Chair); Members:
EMB Director, FASPO Director, DOST Director, NSWMC Executive Director, NGA
representatives (DILG, DPWH, DOE, NEDA, DBM); one representative each from the League of
provinces, cities and municipalities, mayors of subproject sites, and representative from the

Page 75
ADB. FASPO and PMO will be the IPSC secretariat. The IPSC will convene on a quarterly
basis, or as the need arises.
292. The executing agency (EA) of the Project is the DENR and the implementing agency (IA)
is the DENR-EMB.
293. EMB-Project Management Office (PMO). The DENR, through PMO established by
EMB, will be the executing agency responsible for overall planning, implementation and
management of the Project to attain the Projects deliverables as defined under the loan
agreement. The PMO will be responsible for (i) overall project planning, day-to-day
implementation, monitoring and supervision; (ii) reporting to the IPSC, DENR and ADB; (iii)
liaison with all stakeholders; and (iv) coordination of all activities in the Project. The PMO will
need to be staffed with sufficient number of experienced professionals including a Project
Director (Assistant Secretary level), and will have an independent office in the DENR Central
Office, complete with equipment, furniture, and vehicles.
294. The participating LGUs will be the main local implementing agencies responsible for
management of their respective subprojects from development, through implementation and
subsequent operations and maintenance. A pool of technical experts/specialist or TA team,
contracted either through a firm or individual technical specialists, will be provided to directly
assist and support the PMO in project management, engineering design, construction
supervision, procurement of goods and services, institutional development, capacity building,
monitoring, community awareness and participation, and through awareness raising in schools.
295. A Memorandum of Agreement (MoA) shall be entered into by the Project (through
DENR-EMB) and partner LGU that shall identify the coverage, agreements and commitments,
roles and responsibilities of the Project and partner LGU, including the creation of necessary
local implementation and monitoring structures (i.e. local project steering committee), approvals
of local ordinances and resolutions (i.e. 10-year SWM Plan), compliance with necessary
environmental and social safeguards, local financial and resource support in the implementation
of the SWM project. Such MoA shall be endorsed and approved by the local Sanggunian and
signing authorities provided to LGU representatives, as provided for under the LGC (RA 7160),
to ensure the implementing LGUs institutional and formal commitment and accountability.
296. The PMO shall be assisted by Project Implementation and Management Support
consultants (PIMSC), composed of a pool of international and national technical specialists who
shall be contracted and mobilized by the Project to provide technical advice and implementation
support to the PMO as well as assist qualified LGU SWM project proponents in the preparation
a detailed technical and financial feasibility study of LGU SWM options for submission to the
Projects loan-grant facility.
297. The cost of technical advisory services rendered by PIMSC to LGUs shall be part of the
grant component to LGUs. Should the LGU SWM proponent opts to submit their Project-
supported detail to another financing facility (i.e. GFI or private commercial loans or PPP), the
proponent LGU shall be made to pay for the total cost of the technical advisory services
provided by the Project.
298. National Solid Waste Management Commission Secretariat. As the agency primarily
mandated to implement RA 9003, the NSWMC, through its Secretariat, shall provide national
policy and technical advice and guidance to the IPSC/PMO on Project implementation issues
and subproject options. It shall also be the venue to address strategic policy gaps and
implementation issues that may arise or encountered during the implementation of the Project.
The NSWMC also facilitate coordination with key national agencies support to the
implementation of Project objectives and goals.

Page 76
299. EMB Regional Offices and Regional Ecology Centers. The EMB regional
offices/ecology centers will (i) be the conduit of support from the PMO to the participating LGUs
in coordination and partnership with the provincial government PENRO, DILG regional and
provincial offices and other relevant partners; (ii) assist the Project in the implementation,
coordination and monitoring of subproject activities with partner LGUs and agencies; (iii) provide
additional training support and assistance to implementing partner LGUs and communities; and
(iv) serve as the conduit of feedback to the national level for monitoring and evaluation of the
project and to help guide development and refinement of SWM strategies. As such, they will
also act as facilitators of training and awareness-raising for the participating LGUs and other
stakeholders in the region. Training and awareness raising activities to the stakeholders will be
delivered through the existing academic institution in the region (e.g. university and colleges)
and through awareness-raising in schools.
300. Proponent LGUs. The proponent LGU shall be the main recipient entity responsible for
the implementation of the approved SWM project and compliance with the grant facility
conditions of their approved SWM project. The proponent LGU shall create and mobilize the
necessary institutional, administrative, policy and resource support, to ensure that project
objectives are satisfied and in compliance with the grant agreement. The implementing LGU
shall create a local project steering committee chaired by the Mayor, which shall serve as the
main local project monitoring and implementation body with the City/Municipal Environment and
Natural Resource Office (C/MENRO) or Solid Waste Management Office/Unit (SWMO/U) as
local implementing unit63. The local project steering committee (PSC) shall be responsible for
ensuring that the overall objectives and provisions of the project grant agreement are complied
with and fully implemented. It shall also be responsible for providing overall implementation
guidance and policy support to the effective implementation of the project. The PSC shall be
responsible for the submission of progress and implementation reports to the DENR-EMB. The
members of the PSC comprise the following:
Sanggunian Bayan representative (i.e. Committee on Environment)
Association of Barangay Chairs president
Local private sector representative (1)
Local NGO/CSO representative (1)
Local SWMB representative (1); and,
Local C/MENRO or SWMU/O
301. The C/MENRO shall serve as the lead local implementing unit of the SWM Project and
responsible for the day-to-day implementation of all local SWM-related activities and programs
in the LGU. It shall also be responsible for the submission of accurate and updated monitoring
reports to the local project steering committee and coordination of Project implementation
especially with respect to necessary training and technical assistance to the LGU and local
communities (Figure 3.1).
Figure 3.1: LGUs PSWMS Project Implementation Arm
63
In highly mature or developed LGUs, a local solid waste management unit/office (SWMU/O) is created distinct from
the C/MENRO. On the other hand, in poorer LGUs, the local engineering or general services office (GSO) is given
the task of handling SWM operations, particularly, collection and disposal.

Page 77
PPTA
A 8115 PHI: Ph ilippines Solid Waste Manage
ement Sector P
Project
PTA consultantt.
Source: PP
302. The proponeent LGU sha all be respon

nsible for ob
btaining and submitting a all the necesssary
formal an
nd legal reso
olutions and authorities from their lo
ocal councilss to participa
ate and enteer into
a loan agreement under this Project as prrovided for u under the LLGC (RA 7160). These shall
include passage
p an
nd adoption of its 10-y year SWM P Plan, creatio on of local project ste eering
committeee, SWM pro oject grant agreement an nd suppleme entary docum ments, among others.
303. In n the case of
o an alliance e or cluster of LGUs, a lead LGU p proponent shall serve aas the
main rec cipient entity
y in behalf of the allia ance. The m members off the LGU a alliance sha
all be
responsible for ensu uring and obtaining
o the
e necessaryy resolutionss, ordinance es, and authhority
from theiir respectivee local counccils and exec cutives for th
heir participa
ation and enngagement iin the
LGU allia ance as welll as in the SWM
S project proposal an nd grant app plication. A Memorandu um of
Agreeme ent (MoA) oro joint unde ertaking of the
t LGU allliance members for the e common S SWM
facility, which
w shalll specifically define among
a otheer things each LGU members rroles,
responsibilities, insttitutional, ad
dministrativee, resource and financcial committments, sha all be
formally established and ratified d by their respective lo ocal councils. All memb bers of the LGU
alliance shall
s ensuree their commmitment and compliance
c with approvved loan connditions unde
er the
Project, including timely
t paymments and release o of their agrreed loan sharing/payyment
arrangem ments/contribbutions.
304. TheT Project, through, the e PIMSC ca an support tthe LGUs in n the techniical and finaancial
preparatiion and design of their SWM
S projec
ct proposal a
as well as su
ubsequentlyy assist the LLGUs
in the forrmulation, prreparation, bidding
b and negotiation
n o
of service co
ontracts with
h potential prrivate
sector grroups in the operations and
a maintenance of the SWM facilityy, among other things.
305. Other
O LGU implementing bodies s. Other LG GU units orr implementting bodies (e.g.
Environmment and Naatural Resources Office, Engineering
g/General Services Officces, Building
g and
Business s Permits and Licensinng Offices, among
a othe
ers) maybe e designated d or continu ue to
directly handle
h spec
cific aspects of the operations, mannagement a
and monitoriing of the L LGUs
SWM program
p no
ot covered by Projec ct-supported SWM faccility. Thesse may incclude
Final Repo
ort December 2014
2
Pa
age 78
establishment and operations of community-level MRFs and recycling/reuse/reduce (3Rs)

programmes through barangay IEC campaigns; monitoring of technical and environmental
emission; handling, storage and disposal standards and safeguards for air, water and
special/hazardous wastes; building and location permits; contract obligations; and compliance,
among others.
306. The overall implementation arrangement is depicted in Figure 3.2
Figure 3.2 Project Organization Structure

ADB = Asian Development Bank, CBE = Capacity Building and Enhancement, DENR = Department of Environment
and Natural Resources, DILG = Department of Interior and Local Government, DSC = Design, supervision and
management consultant, EMB = Environment Management Bureau, IECKM = Information, Education,
Communication and Knowledge Management, LGU = Local Government Unit, NEC = National Ecological Center,
NSCMCS = National Solid Waste Management Commission Secretariat, PMIS = Project Management and
Implementation Support, PMO = Project Management Office, PENRO = Provincial Environment and Natural
Resources Office, PSC = Project Steering Committee, REC = Regional Ecological Center

Page 79
IV. PROJECT BENEFITS, IMPACTS, AND JUSTIFICATION

A. Project Benefits and Beneficiaries
307. The project will aim to promote inclusive growth in the participating LGUs, and avoid or
mitigate impacts, social risks and vulnerabilities among the poor sectors of the community
arising from inefficient SWM.
308. The project beneficiaries will benefit from the project significantly through the
improvement of SWM facilities and collection system in all of the project sites which will result in
improved environmental surroundings, better health and sanitation, and increased employment
opportunities due to project implementation. Through an improved SWM service delivery, waste
management at the household levels and their immediate vicinities is also expected to improve
with enhanced participation of households and residents. With enhanced attitude and
knowledge in proper waste disposal, reduction in indiscriminate throwing of garbage on
roadsides, rivers, coastal areas and the seas may be considered as an important upshot.
Consequently, incidence of environmental pollution and water-borne diseases will decrease.
309. Potential employment opportunities will be available for the project beneficiaries,
including construction work at the land fill sites or at the MRF facilities, and sorting or the
creation of livelihood activities using recyclable materials into finished products. As the
environment is improved, investments and business opportunities will increase (e.g. Boracay for
tourism and indirectly, hotels, food business, goods and services, etc.). Overall, improvement in
wellness will further enhance productivity among the project beneficiaries.
B. Social Development and Gender
1. Social Objectives in Project Formulation

310. Development of major SWM infrastructure can have impacts on individuals or
communities including their demographic and economic development. This means that people
are affected if they lose their income, private property, income source, or become displaced
from their homes or properties. These losses, in turn, would have negative impacts on the
livelihoods of affected persons. So, the main social objective in project formulation is to avoid or
minimize the adverse social impacts. Where the negative impact is unavoidable, it should
establish measures to mitigate adverse social impacts through compensation or any other
means so that their living standard can be restored in the pre-project condition at no cost to
themselves or if possible improve their standard of living to better than before.
311. The key social objectives in the formulation of the project address the three core issues
of SWM: collect, practice 3R (reuse, recycle, reuse), and dispose. The objective of SWMSP is to
equip the LGUs with proper infrastructure and capacities to help them fulfil their responsibility for
SWM in accordance with RA 9003. Quality of services will determine the ownership and
willingness to pay by the community thereby ensuring sustainability of the project investment by
making it a vital factor in improving public health and quality of urban life. Affordability of the
services to the community has to be considered as one of the key factors during project
formulation to make the components viable and easily acceptable to the community. The project
is expected to increase the operational efficiency of SWM and to improve service delivery.
312. A socio-economic study has also been undertaken to (i) determine the socio-economic
profile of project beneficiaries in the proposed four pilot areas; (ii) establish an indicative
amount residents can afford to pay and are willing to pay for SWM services, (iii) determine

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residents concerns and issues (e.g., gender/women and poverty issues, etc.) which may affect
their full participation and in accessing the full benefit of the project; and (iv) assess and define
stakeholders practices, what they can contribute and their capacity needs to strengthen their
participation and contribution to project sustainability.
313. Implementation of the Project will have a range of positive and negative socio-economic
impacts. Positive impacts include effective SWM, improved ground water and surface within the
service area, and positive impacts on health and quality of life for the LGU residents due to
improved solid waste collection and disposal. The Project will provide a net positive socio-
economic impact by improving solid waste treatment facility to the urban poor as well as to other
groups. Furthermore, it will provide employment opportunities to the urban poor during and after
construction of the facility.
314. There will be no acquisition of land or private assets as a result of the Project. There will
be no displacement of people either. The Project falls under Category B, which requires a
Resettlement Plan as approved by ADB.
2. Mitigation Measures
315. While there is a high percentage among sample household heads who perceive that the
Project has positive impacts which include benefits from cleaner environment and decreased air
and land pollution, there is a segment who are not willing to pay for SWM services indicating a
need for sustained public participation, IEC component, incorporating a participatory and
collaborative process that would involve stakeholders and adopting a one-on-one
communication strategy and interpersonal approach to discuss violations, penalties, and issues
and concerns to ensure strict implementation of SWM ordinance and sanctions, all of which are
embodied in the Participation Plan and Stakeholder Communication Strategy for each of the
areas.
316. The Malay SWM practice of creating a Barangay Solid Waste Management Team
(BSWAT) who make the rounds daily touching base with households and constantly reminding
them of the need for waste segregation and proper disposal of waste is a good practice that can
be adopted in the other areas. Similarly, in Brgy. Balili in La Trinidad, a group of women solid
waste advocates are hired by the barangay at Php1,700 a month each to educate households
on waste segregation, monitor household segregation and guard collection points to ensure
compliance with garbage disposal times and ensure that garbage from other barangays are not
dumped in their collection bins. Furthermore, in other barangays (Beckel, Wangal, Alapang),
women advocates do these activities on a voluntary basis.
317. Overall, the project design measures were formulated to effect a positive attitudinal and
behavioural change among residents to ensure sustained SWM practice. Face-to-face or
personal modes of communication and the employment of various communication platforms, for
instance print/radio media, along with creative programs such as annual contests/recognition
awards for Best SWM community practice are among the proposed mechanisms. The schools
IEC and advocacy role shall also be encouraged starting with the increased awareness and
education of teachers and students on SWM which is foreseen to diffuse and propagate SWM
knowledge to entire communities. To address project associated gender issues, a Gender
Action Plan has also been developed to include, among others, the provision of alternative
livelihood to low-income male/female households and waste pickers/sorters, as well as to
address the issue on womens limited participation in SWM due to work overload and
preoccupation on household chores. To help implement and strengthen community
participation and gender concerns, a community participation specialist with gender
background/experience shall be hired locally.

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3. Gender
320. A poverty and social assessment was conducted to determine the socio-economic
characteristics of the project beneficiary community, including status of SWM practice, issues
and problems. It included poverty, social and gender analyses. The assessment identified
needs and priorities, and opportunities for project beneficiaries. Based on this assessment, a
Summary Poverty and Reduction Strategy, Gender Action Plan and Stakeholders
Communication Strategy were prepared, with measures to enhance project benefits and
mitigate potential risks or negative impacts to the project beneficiary population.
321. The Project will improve environmental condition and public health and promote
investment opportunities including those for the poor and vulnerable households. While it brings
benefit to women from cleaner collection points and more regularize pick-up services of
garbage, lower income male and female-headed households run the risks of not being able to
pay garbage fees due to negative income. Providing them livelihood skills training and capital
assistance and support from LGU-MSWDO support services will mitigate this problem. In
addition to ensuring access through government social services, key poverty and social
inclusive design features of the Project include provision of SWM materials for better
appreciation of project benefits and their responsibilities, and helping them in time management
and enhancing awareness of the need to take care of their environment.
322. Changing attitude and behaviour towards SWM has always been a challenge, requiring
continuous follow-up of household segregation efforts and proper waste disposal by SWM
monitors, including discussions of issues and problems with households to resolve them.
323. A gender analysis was conducted to determine specific gender actions and measure.
The Gender Action Plan (GAP) addresses identified issues following key gender design features
and targets. The GAP provides mitigation measures on issues of affordability and willingness to
pay among lower income male- and female-headed households. In addition, it provides skills
enhancement to current women SWM monitors on monitoring and conducting advocacy and
mobilization activities. It also provides training on gender-sensitive approaches to LGU SWM
staff to enable them to do more gender-effective planning, implementation and monitoring of
SWM activities. Gender-sensitive designs in developing educational and SWM materials are
also a focus. Gender-disaggregated indicators for project performance monitoring and
evaluation will be identified with the project management unit.
324. A Gender Specialist will be hired to help develop and implement gender-based SWM
activities and provide LGU SWM staff with advice during project implementation.
C. Involuntary Resettlement and Indigenous People
1. Review of Resettlement Policies and Legal Framework

325. There are existing laws that govern land acquisition and resettlement in the Philippines.
These laws, together with the ADBs Safeguard Policy Statement, shall govern the land
acquisition and compensation of affected households under the Project.
326. The Philippine Constitution (1987) Article III, Section 1 states that No person shall be
deprived of life, liberty or property without due process of law, nor shall any person be denied
equal protection of the law. Section 9 provides: Private property shall not be taken for public
use without just compensation; and Article XIII, Section 10 states: Urban or poor dwellers shall
not be evicted nor dwellings demolished, except in accordance with the law and in a just and
humane manner. No resettlement of urban or rural dwellers shall be undertaken without
adequate consultation and the communities where they are to be relocated. Section 14 of

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Article II states that it recognizes the role of women in nation-building, and shall ensure the
fundamental equality before the law of women and men.
327. DENR is guided by the Environmental Impact Statement or EIS system, which was
established under Presidential Decree (PD) No. 1586 with its implementing rules and
regulations (IRR) contained in DENR Administrative Order (AO) No. 2003- 30. The EIS System
requires all projects to be subject to assessment of impacts, one of which is on the human
environment in order that any adverse effects are mitigated. In its implementation, resettlement
and compensation assistance including provision of income and livelihood opportunities for the
affected have been among the important measures to counteract socio-economic displacement.
328. DILG is the national agency that primarily enforces the Local Government Code of 1991
(R.A. 7160), Section 19 of which allows the local government units to exercise the power of
eminent domain64 for public use, with several conditions. Also, under the Codes Section 16 -
General Welfare, local government units shall ensure and support, among other things, the
preservation and enrichment of culture, promote health and safety, enhance the right of the
people to a balanced ecology, encourage and support the development of appropriate and self-
reliant scientific and technological capabilities, improve public morals, enhance economic
prosperity and social justice, promote full employment among their residents, maintain peace
and order, and preserve the comfort and convenience of their inhabitants.
329. R.A. 7160 further states that It is likewise the policy of the State to require all national
agencies and offices to conduct periodic consultations with appropriate local government units,
nongovernmental and people's organizations, and other concerned sectors of the community
before any project or program is implemented in their respective jurisdictions (Section 2.c).
330. Section 26. Duty of National Government Agencies in the Maintenance of Ecological
Balance - It shall be the duty of every national agency or government-owned or controlled
corporation authorizing or involved in the planning and implementation of any project or program
that may cause pollution, climatic change, depletion of non-renewable resources, loss of crop
land, rangeland, or forest cover, and extinction of animal or plant species, to consult with the
local government units, nongovernmental organizations, and other sectors concerned and
explain the goals and objectives of the project or program, its impact upon the people and the
community in terms of environmental or ecological balance, and the measures that will be
undertaken to prevent or minimize the adverse effects thereof.
331. Section 27. Prior Consultations Required - No project or program shall be implemented
by government authorities unless the consultations mentioned in Sections 2 (c) and 26 hereof
are complied with, and prior approval of the sanggunian concerned is obtained: Provided, That
occupants in areas where such projects are to be implemented shall not be evicted unless
appropriate relocation sites have been provided, in accordance with the provisions of the
Constitution.
64
A local government unit may, through its chief executive and acting pursuant to an ordinance, exercise the power
of eminent domain for public use, or purpose or welfare for the benefit of the poor and the landless, upon payment of
just compensation, pursuant to the provisions of the Constitution and pertinent laws: Provided, however, That the
power of eminent domain may not be exercised unless a valid and definite offer has been previously made to the
owner, and such offer was not accepted: Provided, further, That the local government unit may immediately take
possession of the property upon the filing of the expropriation proceedings and upon making a deposit with the proper
court of at least fifteen percent (15%) of the fair market value of the property based on the current tax declaration of
the property to be expropriated: Provided, finally, That, the amount to be paid for the expropriated property shall be
determined by the proper court, based on the fair market value at the time of the taking of the property.

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332. The Urban Development and Housing Act of 1992 (R.A. 7279), which applies to urban
and urbanizable areas, defines in Section 22 the Livelihood Component of, among others,
resettlement projects where government agencies dealing with development of livelihood
programs and grant of livelihood loans shall give priority to social housing beneficiaries. Section
29 on Resettlement provides for relocation, resettlement, access to employment and livelihood
opportunities for persons living in danger zones, including garbage dumps.
333. Section 21. Basic Services - Socialized housing or resettlement areas shall be provided
by the local government unit or the National Housing Authority in cooperation with the private
developers and concerned agencies with the following basic services and facilities: (i) Potable
water; (ii) Power and electricity and an adequate power distribution system; (iii) Sewerage
facilities and an efficient and adequate solid waste disposal system; and, (iv) Access to primary
roads and transportation facilities. The provision of other basic services and facilities such as
health, education, communication, security, recreation, relief and welfare shall be planned and
shall be given priority for implementation by the local government unit and concerned agencies
in cooperation with the private sector and the beneficiaries themselves.
334. Section 22. Livelihood Component - To the extent feasible, socialized housing and
resettlement projects shall be located near areas where employment opportunities are
accessible. The government agencies dealing with the development of livelihood programs and
grant of livelihood loans shall give priority to the beneficiaries of the Program.
335. Section 23. Participation of Beneficiaries - The local government units, in coordination
with the Presidential Commission for the Urban Poor and concerned government agencies,
shall afford Program beneficiaries or their duly designated representatives an opportunity to be
heard and to participate in the decision-making process over matters involving the protection
and promotion of their legitimate collective interests which shall include appropriate
documentation and feedback mechanisms. They shall also be encouraged to organize
themselves and undertake self-help cooperative housing and other livelihood activities. They
shall assist the Government in preventing the incursions of professional squatters and members
of squatting syndicates into their communities.
336. The Indigenous Peoples' Rights Act (IPRA) of 1997 (R.A. 8371) explicitly upholds the
right of Indigenous Peoples (IPs)/Indigenous Cultural Communities (ICCs) to determine and
decide priorities for development affecting their lives, beliefs, institutions, spiritual well-being,
and the lands they own, occupy or use. They shall participate in the formulation, implementation
and evaluation of policies, plans and programs for national, regional and local development
which may directly affect them (Sec. 17). They also have the right to participate fully, if they so
choose, at all levels of decision-making in matters which may affect their rights, lives and
destinies through procedures determined by them as well as to maintain and develop their own
indigenous political structures (Sec. 16). It further states that IPs/ICCs shall have the priority
rights in the harvesting, extraction, development or exploitation of any natural resources within
the ancestral domains (Sec. 57).
337. The IPRAs IRR (National Commission on Indigenous Peoples AO No.1 Series of 2008)
identifies policies, programs, projects, plans and activities subject to free and prior informed
consent, including (but not limited to) displacement and relocation, and policies affecting the
general welfare and the rights of ICCs/IPs.
338. Free and prior informed consent is defined under IPRA as the consensus of all
members of the IPs/ICCs, to be determined in accordance with their respective customary laws
and practices, free from any external manipulation, interference and coercion, and obtained

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after fully disclosing the intent and scope of the activity in a language and process
understandable to the community (Sec. 3.g).
339. Republic Act 9710 and Implementing Rules and Regulations (series of 2010), known as
the Magna Carta of Women provides for the following, in regards to the rights of women: equal
treatment before the law; protection from all forms of violence; participation and representation;
equal access and elimination of discrimination against women in education, scholarships and
training; equal rights in all matters related to marriage and family relations; comprehensive
health services and health information/education; non-discrimination in employment; and other
items.
340. Section 7 of RA 6389 of 1971 (An Act Amending Republic Act Numbered Thirty-Eight
Hundred And Forty-Four, As Amended, Otherwise Known As The Agricultural Land Reform
Code, And For Other Purposes) states the following for agricultural land subsequently
determined as suited for urban land uses: The landholding is declared by the department head
upon recommendation of the National Planning Commission to be suited for residential,
commercial, industrial or some other urban purposes: Provided, That the agricultural lessee
shall be entitled to disturbance compensation equivalent to five times the average of the gross
harvests on his landholding during the last five preceding calendar years".
341. Specific to activities of the Department of Agrarian Reform (DAO), Section 17 of R.A.
6389 further states, In determining the just compensation of the land to be expropriated
pursuant to this Chapter, the Court shall consider as basis, the fair market value, without
prejudice to considering the assessed value and other pertinent factors.
342. R.A. 6657, The Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law (1988), states that landowner
shall retain his share of any standing crop un-harvested at the time the DAR shall take
possession of the land under Section 16 of this Act, and shall be given a reasonable time to
harvest (Section 28).
343. R.A. 7192, the Women in Development and Nation Building Act (1992) promotes the
integration of women as full and equal partners of men in development and nation building. All
government departments will ensure women benefit equally and participate directly in the
development programs and projects specifically those funded under foreign development
assistance, to ensure their full participation and involvement in the development process; to
provide income and employment opportunities to women and asses extent to which such
programs helped in enhancing their self reliance.
344. R.A. 7835 (1994) describes the National Shelter Program Implementation/Resettlement
Program. The National Housing Authority shall acquire land and develop it to generate serviced
home lots for families displaced from sites earmarked for government infrastructure projects,
those occupying danger areas such as waterways, railroad tracks and those qualified for
relocation and resettlement under RA 7279.
345. R.A. 8974, an Act to facilitate the Acquisition of Right-of-Way, Site or Location for
National Government Infrastructure Projects (November 2000) provides the different basis for
land valuation for modes of acquisition, negotiated sale and expropriation. The law also
provides for the valuation of structures and/or improvements on the land based on the amount
necessary to replace the structure or improvements thereon.
346. DPWHs Land Acquisition, Resettlement, Rehabilitation and Indigenous Peoples Policy
(LARRIPP) (March 2007) provides uniform standards in resettlement planning. It also contains
safeguard instruments for IPs affected by both foreign and locally funded infrastructures
implemented by DPWH. The LARRIP contains policies related to involuntary resettlement, the

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legal basis for land acquisition and involuntary resettlement, compensation and entitlement,
policy framework for IPs, implementation procedures that ensure grievances are appropriately
acted upon, and measures to ensure public participation both during Resettlement Action Plan
preparation and implementation. The document also provides for internal and external
monitoring of the action plan implementation.
347. Executive Order (EO) 113, s. 1955 (Establishing the Classification of Road) states that
national roads shall have a right-of-way (ROW) width of at least 20 meters in rural areas which
may be reduced to 15 meters in highly urbanized areas and shall be at least 60 meters in
unpatented public lands; ROW shall be at least 120 meters though natural forested areas for
aesthetic or scientific value.
348. E.O. 152, S. 2002. Designating The Presidential Commission For The Urban Poor
(PCUP) As The Sole Clearing House For The Conduct Of Demolition And Eviction Activities
Involving The Homeless And Underprivileged Citizens And Establishing For The Purpose A
Mechanism To Ensure Strict Compliance With The Requirements Of Just And Humane
Demolition And Eviction Under The Urban Development And Housing Act Of 1992, And For
Other Purposes. Prescribes the broad monitoring of all types of eviction and demolitions
involving the underprivileged and homeless citizens by the PCUP. All national government
agencies and local government units should apply for Certificate of Compliance prior to the
implementation of eviction and demolition
349. E.O. 1035, June 25, 1985 (Providing The Procedures And Guidelines For The
Expeditious Acquisition By The Government Of Private Real Properties Or Rights Thereon For
Infrastructure And Other Government Development Projects) states the following:
350. Acquisition through Negotiated Sale. As an initial step, the government implementing
agency/instrumentality concerned shall negotiate with the owner of the land that is needed for
the project for the purchase of said land, including improvements thereon. In the determination
of the purchase price to be paid, the Department of Finance and the provincial/city/municipal
assessors shall extend full assistance and coordinate with the personnel of the government
implementing agency concerned in the valuation of lands and improvements thereon taking into
consideration the current and fair market value declared by the owner or administrator of the
land, or such current market value as determined by the assessor, whichever is lower, prior to
the negotiation (Section 6).
351. Expropriation. If the parties fail to agree in negotiation of the sale of the land as
provided in the preceding section, the government implementing agency/instrumentality
concerned shall have authority to immediately institute expropriation proceedings through the
Office of the Solicitor General or the Government Corporate Counsel, as the case may be. The
just compensation to be paid for the property acquired through expropriation shall be in
accordance with the provisions of P.D. No. 153365. Courts shall give priority to the adjudication
65
Establishing A Uniform Basis For Determining Just Compensation And The Amount Of Deposit For
Immediate Possession Of The Property Involved In Eminent Domain Proceedings. Section 1. In determining
just compensation for private property acquired through eminent domain proceedings, the compensation to be paid
shall not exceed the value declared by the owner or administrator or anyone having legal interest in the property or
determined by the assessor, pursuant to the Real Property Tax Code, whichever value is lower, prior to the
recommendation or decision of the appropriate Government office to acquire the property. Section 2. Upon the filing
of the petition for expropriation and the deposit in the Philippine National Bank at its main office or any of its branches
of an amount equivalent to ten per cent (10%) of the amount of compensation provided in Section 1 hereof, the
government or its authorized instrumentality agency or entity shall be entitled to immediate possession, control and

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of cases on expropriation and shall immediately issue the necessary writ of possession upon
deposit by the government implementing agency/instrumentality concerned of an amount
equivalent to ten per cent (10%) of the amount of just compensation provided under P.D. No.
1533; Provided, That the period within which said writ of possession shall be issued shall in no
case extend beyond five (5) days from the date such deposit was made (Section 7).
352. Conditions Precedent to Foreign Loan Negotiation. As a general rule, negotiations
for foreign loans to finance specific construction projects and other projects requiring acquisition
of private real property or rights thereon shall be undertaken only after the negotiation for such
acquisition with the property owner/s have been completed or the expropriation proceedings
have been initiated: Provided, That before the filing of expropriation proceedings, the financing
institution must have already favorably appraised the project: Provided, further, that exceptions
to the above rule may be allowed by the Investment Coordination Committee (ICC) on a case-
to-case basis depending on the type, size and technology of the project involved. In such case,
the ICC shall determine the extent/stage of property acquisition that may be required as a pre-
condition for project approval or for negotiation of a foreign loan to finance the project (Section
8).
353. The amount of financial assistance to be given to tenants or farmers of agricultural lands
which is to be determined by the implementing agency concerned in consultation with
appropriate agencies, shall be equivalent to the value of the gross harvest for one year on the
principal and secondary crops of the area acquired, based on the average annual gross harvest
for the last three preceding crop years: Provided, that in no case shall the financial assistance
be less than P15,000.00 per hectare. Payment of the financial assistance shall be made at the
time of relocation of the tenants/farmers (Section 18).
354. The Harmonized Gender and Development Guidelines (2007), published by NEDA and
Philippine Commission on Women, aims to provide a common set of analytical concepts and
tools for integrating gender concerns into development programs and projects.
2. Asian Development Bank Policy

355. The objectives of the ADB Safeguard Policy Statement (2009) are (a) to avoid impacts
on people and the environment, where possible; (b) where avoidance is not possible, minimize,
mitigate, or compensate for adverse project impacts on the environment and the affected
people; and (c) help the executing agency strengthen its safeguard system. Towards this end,
ADB resettlement policy includes the following principles:
- Screen the project early on to identify past, present, and future involuntary resettlement
impacts and risks. Determine the scope of resettlement planning through a survey and/or
census of affected persons, including a gender analysis, specifically related to
resettlement impacts and risks.
- Improve, or at least restore, the livelihoods of all affected persons through (i) land-based
resettlement strategies when affected livelihoods are land based where possible or cash
compensation at replacement value for land when the loss of land does not undermine
livelihoods, (ii) prompt replacement of assets with access to assets of equal or higher
value, (iii) prompt compensation at full replacement cost for assets that cannot be
disposition of the real property and the improvements thereon, including the power of demolition of necessary,
notwithstanding the pendency of the issues before the courts.

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restored, and (iv) additional revenues and services through benefit sharing schemes
where possible.
- Provide physically and economically affected persons with needed assistance, including
the following: (i) if there is relocation, secured tenure to relocation land, better housing at
resettlement sites with comparable access to employment and production opportunities,
integration of resettled persons economically and socially into their host communities,
and extension of project benefits to host communities; (ii) transitional support and
development assistance, such as land development, credit facilities, training, or
employment opportunities; and (iii) civic infrastructure and community services, as
required.
- Improve the standards of living of the affected poor and other vulnerable groups,
including women, to at least national minimum standards. In rural areas provide them
with legal and affordable access to land and resources, and in urban areas provide them
with appropriate income sources and legal and affordable access to adequate housing.
- Develop procedures in a transparent, consistent, and equitable manner if land
acquisition is through negotiated settlement.
- Ensure that affected persons without titles to land or any recognizable legal rights to land
are eligible for resettlement assistance and compensation for loss of non-land assets.
- Prepare a resettlement plan elaborating on affected persons entitlements, the income
and livelihood restoration strategy, institutional arrangements, monitoring and reporting
framework, budget, and time-bound implementation schedule..
- Disclose a draft resettlement plan, including documentation of the consultation process
in a timely manner, before project appraisal, in an acceptable place and a form and
language(s) understandable to affected persons and other stakeholders. Disclose the
final resettlement plan and its updates to affected persons and other stakeholders.
- Conceive and execute involuntary resettlement as part of a development project or
program. Include the full costs of resettlement in the presentation of projects cost and
benefits. For a project with significant involuntary resettlement impacts, consider
implementing the involuntary resettlement component of the project as a stand-alone
operation.
- Pay compensation and provide other resettlement entitlements before physical or
economic displacement. Implement the resettlement plan under close supervision
throughout project implementation.
- Monitor and assess resettlement outcomes, their impacts on the standards of living of
affected persons, and whether the objectives of the resettlement plan have been
achieved by taking into account the baseline conditions and the results of resettlement
monitoring. Disclose monitoring reports.
356. The objective of ADB Policy on Indigenous Peoples as set out in the Safeguard Policy
Statement (2009) is to design and implement projects in a way that fosters full respect for
Indigenous Peoples identity, dignity, human rights, livelihood systems, and cultural uniqueness
as defined by the Indigenous Peoples themselves so that they (i) receive culturally appropriate
social and economic benefits, (ii) do not suffer adverse impacts as a result of projects, and (iii)
can participate actively in projects that affect them.
357. The ADB Policy on Gender and Development (2006) adopts gender mainstreaming as a
key strategy for stimulating gender equity, and for guaranteeing that women participate and that

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their needs are unambiguously addressed in the decision-making process for development
activities. For projects that have the potential to have substantial gender impacts, a gender plan
(GAP) is prepared to identify strategies to address gender concerns and the involvement of
women in the design, implementation and monitoring of the project.
358. Along with the ADB Safeguard Policy Statement (2009), ADBs Public Communications
Policy (2011) also requires timely disclosure of key project information to the general public and
project stakeholders, including women, the poor and other vulnerable groups in a manner, form,
and language(s) accessible to them and in an accessible place. Information to be disclosed
includes the scope of land acquisition, compensation and rehabilitation policy and measures
that will be taken to restore the living standards of Project-affected persons to at least pre-
project level.
3. Project Resettlement Policy

359. In light of foregoing Legal and Policy Framework discussions, the Government of the
Philippines (GOP), through DENR, commits itself to the following principles in the
implementation of the Project:
- Acquisition of land and other assets, and resettlement of people will be avoided or
minimized as much as possible by identifying potential alternative project designs and
suitable social, economic, operational and engineering solutions that have the least
impact on the population.
- Project stakeholders, especially AHs and host communities (where subprojects involve
physical displacement), will be meaningful consulted and given the opportunity to
participate in matters that will have impacts on their lives during the planning, design,
implementation and operation of the Project. Plans for the acquisition of land and other
assets will be carried out in consultation with AHs who will receive prior information of
the compensation, relocation and other assistance available to them. The comments and
suggestions of AHs and host communities will be taken into account.
- Particular attention will be given to the needs of vulnerable groups, especially those
below the poverty line, the landless, the elderly, women and children, and Indigenous
Peoples, and those without legal title to land, and ensure their participation in
consultations.
- Existing cultural and religious practices of displaced persons and their host populations
shall be respected and, to the extent possible, preserved.
- No land acquisition or site clearing will be done inside the ROW in anticipation or ahead
of it being considered for implementation under the Project. Similarly, no land acquisition
or site clearing will be done inside the ROW until and after the RP has been agreed
upon by GOP and ADB, and until and after all entitlements due to the AHs as provided
for in this resettlement policy have been delivered.
- All the affected households (without any discrimination such as household headed by
women, disabled elderly, landless and people living below the national poverty line)
confirmed to be residing in, doing business, or cultivating land or having right over
resources within the sub project affected area or land to be acquired or used for sub
project during the conduct of the DMS and census of AH (Cut-off-Date) are eligible for
resettlement assistance and compensation for non-land assets at replacement cost as
mentioned in the entitlement matrix.

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- AHs residing, working, doing business and/or cultivating land within the Project impacted
areas during the detailed measurement survey (prior to the cut-off-date), are entitled to
be compensated for their lost assets, incomes and businesses at replacement cost
prevailing at the time of compensation, and, depending on the severity of impact on their
livelihood and income capacity, will be provided with rehabilitation measures to improve
or restore their pre-Project living standards, income-earning capacity and production
levels.
- There will be no deductions in compensation payments for structures or other affected
non-land assets for (i) salvage value and/or depreciation; (ii) taxes; (iv) fees or other
transaction costs. For affected land, there will be no deductions in compensation
payments for (i) taxes; (ii) fees or other transaction costs; (iii) registration and
documentation fees.
- If ownership over any affected asset is under dispute, the compensation for the same
will be held in a court designated bank until its lawful owner is decided by competent
legal authorities.
- AHs that lose only part of their physical assets will not be left with a portion that will be
inadequate to sustain their current standard of living as determined by AHs together with
Project engineers during detailed design. If not adequate to sustain current standard of
living, the entire asset will be considered as totally affected and will be acquired by the
Project.
- Affected shop/business owners, if any, will be assisted in gradually dismantling and
setting up their shops in a new location to be agreed with the LGU, preferably in the
residual area of the ROW (to be confirmed during detailed design) and in a way that will
allow them to gradually phase out their operation in their present location place and
gradually begin their operation in their new place. Under this arrangement, disruption in
the operation of shop/business owners will be minimized, thereby averting severe impact
on the AHs livelihood.
- Affected households presently cultivating plots inside the ROW will be allowed to
continue cultivating the residual area of their cultivated plots in the ROW but outside the
COI. If DMS indicates that the loss of these farmers is equivalent to 10% or more of their
total livelihood or income from various sources, the LGU in coordination with concerned
government agencies will assist in finding an affordable replacement land with similar
productive attributes for the farmers to lease, or based on preference of the affected
household.
- Temporarily affected land and communal infrastructure will be restored to pre-project
conditions.
- Any acquisition of, or restriction on access to, resources owned or managed by the AHs
as a common property, e.g., communal forest, communal farm, will be mitigated by
arrangements that will ensure access of those AHs to equivalent resources on a
continuing basis.
- There shall be an effective mechanism for hearing and resolving Project-related
grievances during the planning, updating and implementation of the RP/CAP.
- Special measures will be incorporated in the RP/CAP to protect socially and
economically vulnerable groups who face greater risk of further hardship. Appropriate
assistance will be provided to help AHs belonging to any of these vulnerable groups
improve their socio-economic status.

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- Resettlement planning, implementation and management will guarantee that gender

concerns are incorporated.
- Adequate resources will be identified and committed during the preparation of RPs and
any required CAP. This includes sufficient budgetary support that is fully committed and
made available to cover resettlement costs within the agreed implementation period;
and, adequate human resources for supervision, liaison and monitoring of land
acquisition, resettlement and rehabilitation activities.
- Culturally appropriate and gender-sensitive reporting, monitoring and evaluation
mechanisms will be identified and set in place as part of the resettlement management
system.
- The RP/CAP will be translated in Filipino and/or other local dialects, as appropriate to
the subproject area, and placed in barangay halls for the information of the AHs as well
as other interested groups. A Project information booklet (PIB) will be prepared in
Filipino and/or other local dialects as appropriate (PIB will contain information on sub-
project activities; scope of involuntary resettlement; policy on resettlement; grievance
redress mechanism; and schedule of project implementation) and will be distributed to
each AH.
- No civil works shall take place for any project component until (a) compensation has
been fully paid to AHs; (b) agreed rehabilitation measures are in place, and (c) the
acquired land is free from all encumbrances. Civil works contractors will not be issued
notice of possession or notice to proceed (NTP) for any section or segment until these
conditions are fulfilled.
360. All AHs identified in the project-impacted areas as of the cut-off date66 will be entitled to
compensation and/or assistance for their affected assets as described below. Those who
encroach into the project area and build any new structures after the cut-off date will not be
entitled to compensation or other assistance. These entitlements may be enhanced, as
necessary, following the conduct of DMS during RP preparation in consultation with the AHs to
ensure that their livelihoods are restored, if not improved.
361. A Resettlement Framework (RF) has been prepared to guide the preparation of sample
resettlement plans (RPs) for pilot sub-projects with land acquisition and resettlement impacts
and other RPs. The RF sets out the objectives, principles, eligibility criteria and entitlements for
AHs who may be affected by the Project based on (i) the national and legal context; and, (ii)
ADBs Safeguards Policy Statement (SPS) (2009). It outlines the details on entitlements,
compensation and assistance, participation and consultation procedures and grievance redress
mechanisms that will be set up to assist AHs through the process of land acquisition and
resettlement in order to enable them to attain an equivalent or better living standard than they
had before the project.
4. Land Acquisition and Resettlement Impacts of Pilot Sub-projects

362. La Trinidad Sub-project. All civil works apart from the establishment of 5 Barangay
Materials Recovery Facilities (MRFs) will be carried out within (i) the existing SLF site, which is
66
This will be the date the DMS is held, preceded by public meetings held with affected barangays to discuss said
components, compensation policy, the need to conduct the DMS, and the policy regarding cut-off date.

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located on land owned by the LGU67; and, (ii) the old Wangal dumpsite (for
closure/rehabilitation), which is on land owned by former La Trinidad Mayor Artemio Galwan68.
The existing access road to the SLF site that has been available since the SLF started
operations in 2010 is within the Barangay Alno compound owned by the government and the
rehabilitation works can be accommodated within the compound. No specific sites/locations
have yet been identified for the 5 MRFs, as these will be defined within the barangay level SWM
groups during detailed design. Any land acquisition and resettlement (LAR) impacts associated
with the MRF component will be addressed as per the Project Resettlement Framework. Based
on preliminary design, no land acquisition and physical displacement is linked with the sub-
project. However, it is expected that households that currently derive income from separating
and selling recyclable waste in the SLF will be economically affected due to project investments
that support more efficient segregation at source (only residual wastes should be disposed in
the SLF). One household that has been operating a materials recovery facility business in the
old Wangal dumpsite will also experience economic displacement due to rehabilitation of said
dumpsite. 27 households (121 persons) that currently derive income from separating and selling
recyclable waste in the Alno SLF will experience economic displacement (loss of
livelihood/income sources) due to the Project. Additionally, one (1) household (14 persons) that
currently derives income from MRF operation in the old Wangal dumpsite will no longer be able
to continue business operations once said dumpsite is rehabilitated. All 28 affected households
(AHs) with 135 affected persons (APs) are considered severely affected, since the income they
derive from waste picking/MRF operation contributes 14% to 100% of their total monthly
household income. Hence a Resettlement Plan (RP) has been prepared in accordance with
ADB safeguards requirements.
363. Janiuay Sub-project. All civil works will be carried out within a 6.2 ha plot of land in
Barangay Caraudan that was acquired by the LGU via negotiated acquisition from a single land
owner in 2013. There is an existing access road to the site that can accommodate the proposed
civil works. Thus, there will be no land acquisition and physical displacement linked with the
sub-project. However, the closure of the existing Barangay Jibolo dumpsite in Janiuay and
enhanced SWM system to be supported by the Project will involve more efficient segregation at
source (i.e. individual houses and establishments), particularly because only residual (not
mixed) waste should be disposed in a SLF facility. Hence, the eighteen (18) households with 95
affected persons (APs) that currently derive income from separating and selling recyclable
waste in the existing dumpsite in Barangay Jibolo, Janiuay will experience economic impacts
(loss of livelihood/income sources) due to the Project. Seventeen (17) out of these 18 affected
households (AHs), or 94% of the total, with 87 APs, will lose 10% or more of their total income
sources due to closure of the Jibolo dumpsite and are thus considered severely affected. A
resettlement plan (RP) has been prepared for the sub-project in accordance with ADBs
Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS) requirements.
364. Del Carmen Sub-project. Implementation of the Del Carmen sub-project will not involve
any land acquisition or any permanent or temporary involuntary resettlement impacts. The Del
Carmen LGU purchased the proposed SLF site for the solid waste management facility in 2011,
67
The 9.8-hectare land in Sitio Induyan, Barangay Alno was acquired by the LGU in the period 2003 to 2004 through
negotiated acquisition of 2 adjacent parcels from a single land owner (Refer to Appendix 5 for supporting
documentation).
68
According to Mr. Arth Pedro from La Trinidad LGU (correspondence was on June 16, 2014), former Mayor Galwan
has long been aware of the need to close the old Wangal dumpsite, as the LGUs plans to establish a sanitary landfill
in Barangay Alno had already started during his term.

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two (2) years before the inclusion of the municipality as a pilot area for the PPTA. While the
same property is currently used as a dumpsite for the irregular collection of solid waste from the
households and establishments, there are no waste pickers that can possibly be affected by
dumpsite closure. An involuntary resettlement and indigenous peoples due diligence report was
prepared for the sub-project in compliance with ADB requirements. Due diligence findings will
be confirmed through the Detailed Measurement Survey (DMS), which will be based on detailed
engineering design.
365. Malay/Boracay Sub-project. Implementation of the Boracay/Malay sub-project will not
involve any land acquisition or any permanent or temporary involuntary resettlement impacts.
The properties where the MRFs in Balabag (total area leased by the LGU is 49,426 sq.m) and
Manoc Manoc (total area leased by the LGU is 10,000 sq.m) are located are leased by the
Malay LGU from local land owners. The site for the MRF in Caticlan is owned by the
Municipality of Malay (purchased in 2007) with a total land area of 1,533 sq.m. The land where
the SLF in Kabulihan is located is owned by the Kabulihan Forest Farmers and Developers
Association and used for the purpose by the Malay LGU under a Forestland agreement (total
area covered by the agreement is 52,131 sq.m). The additional cell for the SLF will be
constructed within the same property. Access to the Kabulihan SWM Facility site is currently
provided by an all weather 2-lane concrete paved road. The access road was built in 2010 when
the initial SLF Cell 1 was constructed through a Design-Build Contract. Therefore no land
acquisition is required for construction of Cell 2. There are 59 existing waste sorters (from 53
households) employed on a contractual basis by the Malay local government (LGU) and
assigned to work in the MRFs of the three (3) barangays in Boracay island; namely, Yapac,
Balabag, and Manoc-Manoc. They receive regular fixed monthly salaries (Php 250 to Php 300
per day) and work for 8 hours a day as do other government employees. General Manager
Glenn Y. Sacapano, the Municipal Officer in charge of the Boracay Solid Waste Management
operation, has expressed plans to retain the current waste sorters as employees. According to
Mr. Sacapano, present waste sorters will be given other assignments (related or not related to
solid waste) should waste sorting not be needed. The PPTA SWM design specialist also
confirmed waste sorters would still be needed to carry out final waste sorting to ensure that only
residual waste will go to the SLF. Given this, it is not expected that any of the waste sorters will
experience adverse impacts due to the Project (additional details are provided in the next
chapter of this report). The 26 persons currently employed in the Barangay Caticlan MRF will
not be affected by project activities and will continue to work in the MRF. An involuntary
resettlement and indigenous peoples due diligence report was prepared for the sub-project in
compliance with ADB requirements. Due diligence findings will be confirmed through the
Detailed Measurement Survey (DMS), which will be based on detailed engineering design
D. Indigenous People
1. Review of Indigenous Peoples Policies and Legal Framework

366. The national policies on IPs are embodied in Republic Act (RA) 8371, the Indigenous
Peoples Rights Act of 1997 (IPRA). The IPRA enumerates and explains the basic rights and
obligations of IPs to their ancestral domains, including self-governance, social justice, and
cultural integrity, and the primacy of customary laws. It created the National Commission on
Indigenous Peoples (NCIP), the government institution mandated to administer and implement

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the IPRA. It defines the role and extent of NCIPs jurisdiction in protecting IP rights.69 Efforts
have also been to regularize the IPRA with existing laws. An example of this is the joint DENR-
NCIP Memorandum Circular No. 200701 on Management of Overlapping Protected Areas
And/Or Their Buffer Zones And Ancestral Domains/ Lands. The following laws also affect IPs
and their rights, which may in turn affect project implementation: The Comprehensive Agrarian
Reform Law or CARL (RA 6657); The Local Government Code of 1991 (RA 7160); The National
Integrated Protected Areas System (NIPAS) Act of 1992 (RA 7586); The Philippine Mining Act
of 1995 (RA 7942) requires proponents of mining projects in IP areas to secure an IPs free and
prior informed consent; and, the Conservation and Protection of Wildlife Resources and their
Habitats Act of 2001(RA 9147) mandates that the collection of wildlife by IPs may be allowed for
traditional use and not primarily for trade.70
2. Asian Development Bank Policy

367. The objective of ADBs Indigenous Peoples Safeguards Policy is to design and
implement projects in a way that fosters full respect for Indigenous Peoples identity, dignity,
human rights, livelihood systems, and cultural uniqueness as defined by the Indigenous Peoples
themselves so that they (i) receive culturally appropriate social and economic benefits, (ii) do
not suffer adverse impacts as a result of projects, and (iii) can participate actively in projects that
affect them (ADB SPS, 2009). Towards this end, ADB Indigenous Peoples policy includes the
following principles:
- Screen early on to determine (i) whether Indigenous Peoples are present in, or have
collective attachment to, the project area; and (ii) whether project impacts on Indigenous
Peoples are likely.
- Undertake a culturally appropriate and gender-sensitive social impact assessment or
use similar methods to assess potential project impacts, both positive and adverse, on
Indigenous Peoples. Give full consideration to options the affected Indigenous Peoples
prefer in relation to the provision of project benefits and the design of mitigation
measures. Identify social and economic benefits for affected Indigenous Peoples that
are culturally appropriate and gender and inter-generationally inclusive and develop
measures to avoid, minimize, and/or mitigate adverse impacts on Indigenous Peoples.
- Undertake meaningful consultations with affected Indigenous Peoples communities and
concerned Indigenous Peoples organizations to solicit their participation (i) in designing,
implementing, and monitoring measures to avoid adverse impacts or, when avoidance is
not possible, to minimize, mitigate, or compensate for such effects; and (ii) in tailoring
project benefits for affected Indigenous Peoples communities in a culturally appropriate
manner. To enhance Indigenous Peoples active participation, projects affecting them
will provide for culturally appropriate and gender inclusive capacity development.
69
Other pertinent issuances are (i) AO No. 1, Series of 2004. Guidelines On The Formulation Of The Ancestral
Domain Sustainable Development And Protection Plan (ADSDPP); (ii) AO No. 1 Series of 2012.The Indigenous
Knowledge Systems and Practices (IKSPs) and Customary Laws (CLs) Research and Documentation Guidelines of
2012; (iii) AO 2 Series of 2012. The General Guidelines On The Confirmation Of Indigenous Political Structures And
The Registration Of Indigenous Peoples Organizations; (iv) AO No. 3 Series of 2012. The Revised Guidelines On
Free And Prior Informed Consent (FPIC) And Related Processes Of 2012; (v) AO No. 4 Series of 2012. Revised
Omnibus Rules on Delineation and Recognition of Ancestral Domains and Lands of 2012.
70
Traditional use means utilization of wildlife by indigenous people in accordance with written or unwritten rules,
usage, customs, and practices traditionally observed, accepted and recognized by them.

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Establish a culturally appropriate and gender inclusive grievance mechanism to receive

and facilitate resolution of the Indigenous Peoples concerns.
- Ascertain the consent of affected Indigenous Peoples communities to the following
project activities: (i) commercial development of the cultural resources and knowledge of
Indigenous Peoples; (ii) physical displacement from traditional or customary lands; and
(iii) commercial development of natural resources within customary lands under use that
would impact the livelihoods or the cultural, ceremonial, or spiritual uses that define the
identity and community of Indigenous Peoples. For the purposes of policy application,
the consent of affected Indigenous Peoples communities refers to a collective
expression by the affected Indigenous Peoples communities, through individuals and/or
their recognized representatives, of broad community support for such project activities.
Broad community support may exist even if some individuals or groups object to the
project activities.
- Avoid, to the maximum extent possible, any restricted access to and physical
displacement from protected areas and natural resources. Where avoidance is not
possible, ensure that the affected Indigenous Peoples communities participate in the
design, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation of management arrangements
for such areas and natural resources and that their benefits are equitably shared.
- Prepare an Indigenous Peoples plan (IPP) that is based on the social impact
assessment with the assistance of qualified and experienced experts and that draw on
indigenous knowledge and participation by the affected Indigenous Peoples
communities. The IPP includes a framework for continued consultation with the affected
Indigenous Peoples communities during project implementation; specifies measures to
ensure that Indigenous Peoples receive culturally appropriate benefits; identifies
measures to avoid, minimize, mitigate, or compensate for any adverse project impacts;
and includes culturally appropriate grievance procedures, monitoring and evaluation
arrangements, and a budget and time-bound actions for implementing the planned
measures.
- Disclose a draft IPP, including documentation of the consultation process and the results
of the social impact assessment in a timely manner, before project appraisal, in an
accessible place and in a form and language(s) understandable to affected Indigenous
Peoples communities and other stakeholders. The final IPP and its updates will also be
disclosed to the affected Indigenous Peoples communities and other stakeholders.
- Prepare an action plan for legal recognition of customary rights to lands and territories or
ancestral domains when the project involves (i) activities that are contingent on
establishing legally recognized rights to lands and territories that Indigenous Peoples
have traditionally owned or customarily used or occupied, or (ii) involuntary acquisition of
such lands.
- Monitor implementation of the IPP using qualified and experienced experts; adopt a
participatory monitoring approach, wherever possible; and assess whether the IPPs
objective and desired outcome have been achieved, taking into account the baseline
conditions and the results of IPP monitoring. Disclose monitoring reports.
3. Project Indigenous Peoples Policy

368. In light of foregoing Legal and Policy Framework discussions, the Government of the
Philippines (GOP), through DENR, commits itself to the following principles in the
implementation of the Project:

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- Sub-projects will be screened early on to determine (i) whether Indigenous Peoples are
present in, or have collective attachment to, the project area; and (ii) whether project
impacts on Indigenous Peoples are likely.
- If sub-project screening and Social Impact Analysis (SIA) indicate that project activities will
have impacts, positive and/or negative, on Indigenous Peoples (IPs) or ethnic minorities,
the concerned local government unit (LGU) will prepare an Indigenous Peoples Plan (IPP)
in the context of the SIA and through meaningful consultation with the affected IPs/ethnic
minorities. The IPP will set out the measures whereby the borrower/client will ensure (i) that
affected Indigenous Peoples (IPs) and/or other ethnic minorities receive culturally
appropriate social and economic benefits; and (ii) that when potential adverse impacts on
IPs or ethnic minorities are identified, these will be avoided to the maximum extent possible.
Where this avoidance is proven to be impossible, based on meaningful consultation with
indigenous and ethnic minority communities, the IPP will outline measures to minimize,
mitigate, and compensate for the adverse impacts. A proposed IPP outline is found in
Appendix 5. Steps to be followed in producing the IPPs are outlined in succeeding sections
of this framework. The IPPs will be submitted to and agreed upon by the EA and ADB.
- Consensus will be required from all members of the affected IP community (as described in
NCIP AO No.1 Series of 1998 and AO No.3 Series of 2002) on project
components/activities that are carried out within IP ancestral lands/domains and/or trigger
the IP Safeguard. Based on meaningful consultations, any concerns raised will be
addressed through project design and mitigation measures so that projects impacts/benefits
are gender-sensitive, culturally-appropriate and acceptable to affected IP communities.
- A Memorandum of Agreement (MOA)71 will be prepared for sub-project activities that
require free and prior informed consent of affected IPs as per RA 8371, its implementing
rules and regulations (Administrative Order No.1, Series of 1998), and NCIP Administrative
Order No.3, Series of 200272. The MOA shall be executed by and between the Project
proponent, host ICC/IP community, and the NCIP, written in the dialect or language of the
concerned ICCs/IPs, with corresponding English and Pilipino translation. The MOA shall
stipulate, among others:
(1) Benefits due to the host ICCs/IP communities;
(2) Measures to protect IPs rights and value systems;
71
For the purposes of validity of the Memorandum of Agreement referred to above, the signatories thereto shall be; a)
for corporations, partnerships or single proprietorship entities, the authorized officers, representatives, or partners as
per Board resolution; b) for the ICC/IP community, all the authorized community elders or traditional leaders, who are
registered with the NCIP in accordance with Section 2, Part III, Rule IV; and c) the NCIP or authorized representative.
The NCIP shall keep a copy of the MOA for records and monitoring purposes.
72
As per NCIP Administrative Order No.1, Series of 1998, Section 7 (Development and Cultural Activities Subject to
Free and Prior Informed Consent), Policies, programs, projects, plans and activities subject to free and prior informed
consent shall include but not limited to the following: (i) Exploration, development, exploitation and utilization of
natural resources within ancestral domains/lands; (ii) Research in indigenous knowledge, systems and practices
related to agriculture, forestry, watershed and resource management systems and technologies, medical and
scientific concerns, bio-diversity, bio-prospecting and gathering of genetic resources; (iii) Displacement and
relocation; (iv) Archeological explorations, diggings and excavations and access to religious and cultural sites; (v)
Policies affecting the general welfare and the rights of ICCs/IPs; and, (vi) Entry of the Military or paramilitary forces or
establishment of temporary or permanent military facilities within the domains.

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(3) Responsibilities of the project proponent as well as those of the host ICC/IP
community and the NCIP73; and,
(4) Penalties for non-compliance and or violation of the terms and conditions.
- The sub-project proponent will prepare an action plan for legal recognition of customary
rights to lands and territories or ancestral domains that is compliant with IPRA requirements
when the project involves (i) activities that are contingent on establishing legally recognized
rights to lands and territories that Indigenous Peoples have traditionally owned or
customarily used or occupied, or (ii) involuntary acquisition of such lands.
369. An Indigenous Peoples Planning Framework (IPPF) has been prepared that clarifies
principles and objectives governing the preparation and implementation of Indigenous Peoples
Plans for the Project, based on (i) ADBs Safeguards Policy Statement (SPS) (2009); and, (ii)
the national and legal context. It sets out the steps for preparation of an IPP for sub-projects
with component(s) that impact on IPs directly or that indirectly affect the dignity, human rights,
cultural resources that Indigenous Peoples own, use, occupy, or claim as an ancestral domain
or asset. It describes the process of carrying out social impact assessments to determine
potential project impacts, both positive and adverse, on Indigenous Peoples; principles and
methods in undertaking meaningful consultation with affected Indigenous Peoples communities
and concerned Indigenous Peoples organizations to solicit their participation throughout the
Project cycle.
4. Indigenous Peoples Impacts of Pilot Sub-projects

370. There are no IPs in Siargao Island (where the Del Carmen sub-project is located) and
thus no sub-project impacts on IPs. Although there are IPs (Bukidnon Tribe and Aetas) residing
in the municipality of Janiuay, they are in the more mountainous areas and not where project
civil works will be carried out. There are no affected IP households in the Janiuay sub-project.
Boracay Island (Malay/Boracay sub-project) is home to the Ati (also referred to as Aetas)
indigenous group, and they have a Certificate of Ancestral Domain Title (CADT) over a 2.1-
hectare area in Barangay Manoc-Manoc. However, sub-project civil works will not overlap with
their ancestral domain and there are no affected IP households for the sub-project. The
livelihoods of 25 IP households (21 AHs are Ibaloi, another two (2) AHs are Ifugao, and one (1)
AH is Kalanguya) who engage in waste picking as a source of income will be affected due to
project activities in the La Trinidad sub-project; however, waste picking is not a traditional
livelihood source of the IP groups and the impacts will be addressed as part of income
restoration measures described in the sub-project resettlement plan.
371. The ADB Safeguard Policy Statement (2009) states, the Indigenous Peoples
safeguards are triggered if a project directly or indirectly affects the dignity, human rights,
cultural resources that Indigenous Peoples own, use, occupy or claim as their ancestral
domain. The project will not cause any of these conditions to occur, particularly as the sub-
projects will be in primarily urban areas. However, an Indigenous Peoples Planning Framework
73
In case of change of proponent as a result of partnership, joint venture, reorganization, merger, acquisition, sale, or
transfer of rights, the terms and conditions of the MOA shall bind the new proponent without necessarily executing
another MOA.

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(IPPF) has been prepared to guide the preparation of any Indigenous Peoples Plan (IPP)
required during project implementation.
E. Environmental Considerations
1. Environmental Assessment of Sector Loan

359. The PSWMS project is classified as Category B for environment in accordance with
ADBs Safeguard Policy (SPS 2009). IEE reports have been prepared for all subprojects. The
objectives of the IEE are:
a) Assess the existing environmental and socio-economic conditions of the project areas,
including identification of environmentally sensitive areas that may be affected by the
proposed subproject;
b) Identify the likely positive and negative impacts of the proposed subproject on the
physical, biological and socio-economic environment;
c) Develop mitigation measures through an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) that
addresses the potential impacts and risks of the subproject;
d) Determine the environmental monitoring and reporting requirements, emergency
response procedures, institutional or organizational arrangements, and capacity
development measures to ensure the implementation of the EMP.
360. The IEE reports are based on site assessment and field visits, consultations with
stakeholders, LGUs, non-government organizations (NGOs), and sectoral groups in the
subproject area, and from related studies and available secondary information.
2. Overview of Sector Loan

361. The PSWMS aims to improve the solid waste management services and infrastructures
in urban and rural communities through a variety of soft and engineering components such as
sanitary landfill (SLF) development, landfill rehabilitation and landfill mining, dump site closure,
emission control, establishment of material recovery facilities, institution of solid waste collection
systems, acquisition of processing equipment, and adoption and establishment of waste-to-
energy (WTE) technologies. The project will also complement past and ongoing institutional
capacity development actions for local government units (LGUs) and also technical assistance
for project implementation spearheaded by the Department of Environment and Natural
Resources (DENR) as Executing Agency (EA).
362. Four pilot LGUs have been selected for inclusion in this sector loan under the Project
Preparatory Technical Assistance (PPTA), namely:
a) Municipality of Janiuay, Iloilo Province in the island of Panay
b) Municipality of Del Carmen, Surigao del Norte in Siargao Island
c) Municipality of Malay, Aklan Province in Boracay Island
d) Municipality of La Trinidad, Benguet Province.
363. The following table outlines the components of the pilot subprojects:
Table 1: Components of Pilot Subprojects
Components
Subproject
(i) Acquisition of waste collection vehicles and waste bins;
Janiuay
(ii) Acquisition of SLF equipment;
(iii) Construction of a semi-automated Materials Recovery Facility (MRF);

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Components
Subproject
(iv) Construction of Category 2 Sanitary Landfill; and
(v) Closure of existing Gibolo dumpsite.
Del Carmen
(ii) Acquisition of SLF equipment;
(iii) Construction of a Materials Recovery Facility;
(iv) Construction of Category 2 Sanitary Landfill; and
(v) Closure of existing dumpsite.
(i) Mining at Balabag, Manoc-Manoc and Yapak;
Malay
(ii) Construction of a MRF/WTE at Manoc-Manoc;
(iii) Construction of a new cell at Kabulihan SLF;
(iv) Waste collection and hauling improvement;
(v) Acquisition of SWM equipment; and
(vi) Construction of MRF at Caticlan.
La Trinidad
(ii) Closure of existing dumpsite;
(iii) Rehabilitation of access road;
(iv) Acquisition of SLF equipment;
(v) Modernization and upgrading of composting plant;
(vi) Construction of Category 2 SLF Cell 2;
(vii) Rehabilitation of Cell 1;
(viii) Landfill mining; and
(ix) Centralized and decentralized MRFs.
3. Environmental Assessment of Sector Impacts

364. Baseline study of the physical, biological, socio-economic, and cultural attributes of the
project sites of the subprojects where the SWM facilities will be developed was conducted.
Consultations with affected stakeholders were held to gather views and concerns of the
community on the proposed SWM project.
365. Overall, the impacts of the PSWMS project will be positive. There will be improvement in
the sanitation, health and environmental conditions due to proper waste management and
reduced exposure of people to hazards of uncollected and unprocessed wastes. The project
can thus improve the quality of life of the people. With the proposed sector loan, contamination
of the environment from poor solid waste management will be mitigated.
366. The anticipated adverse environmental impacts of the project are localized and can be
easily avoided or minimized with the implementation of mitigation and monitoring measures
which are detailed in the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) and Environmental Monitoring
Plan (EMoP). The components that may pose environmental impacts under the project consists
of (i) landfill mining activities from closure of existing dumpsites and rehabilitation of filled cells
of sanitary landfills, (ii) construction and operation activities of new sanitary landfills and
materials recovery facilities, (iii) operation of waste to energy projects.
4. Summary of IEEs Prepared for Subprojects

367. The identification of significant impacts and formulation of the mitigation measures have
been guided by the Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) checklist, the results of the site
visits and stakeholder consultations and the ADB SPS 2009. Findings of the IEE of the four

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subprojects suggest that the overall impacts will be positive since it will benefit the environment
and the people. The findings of the IEE of each pilot subproject are summarized below:
a) Janiuay Subproject
368. The municipality uses an open dump located in Barangay Gibolo. It has acquired a 6.2
hectare lot in Barangay Caraudan, which is planned to be developed into a common disposal
facility for the entire 3rd District of Iloilo. However, the current SWM system does not comply
with RA 9003 because there is absence or limited implementation of ordinances requiring
segregation of source, unsanitary practice of waste picking and recovering recyclables, and
disposal of mixed waste into open dumps.
369. The proposed subproject would bring significant economic, environmental and health
benefits to the municipalities and nearby areas. The benefits would accrue to the affected
communities and not only to the direct beneficiaries of the SWM service. The economic benefits
include (i) reduced natural resources use due to recycling; (iii) savings from the use of compost
materials instead of commercial fertilizer; (iv) resource savings from replaced energy source;
and (v) health benefits.
370. The project site is not located in an ecologically or culturally protected area. There are
no sites with historical, religious and archaeological importance that will be disturbed by the
proposed subproject facilities. The site and immediate vicinity is primarily characterized as
rural and agricultural in nature. Major environmental and social issues that need to be
considered in the design and implementation of the Janiuay subproject are discussed
hereunder.
371. Economic displacement of waste pickers. As part of the subproject, the existing
Gibolo dumpsite will be closed. It is anticipated that a total of 18 waste picker households will
be economically displaced. Apart from participation in the income restoration program, severely
affected households will be entitled to a transition allowance. Socioeconomic characteristics of
the affected households (AHs) are discussed further in the Janiuay subproject Resettlement
Plan.
372. Geologic Hazards. The regional seismicity at the proposed sanitary landfill (SLF) site is
influenced by earthquake generators within the 150 km radius, particularly the West Panay Fault
and the Negros Trench. Being within the Philippine Mobile Belt, the island of Panay in general
is situated in an area prone to ground shaking. This should be considered in the design of the
SLF facilities. Although the site has low susceptibility to landslide owing to the rolling to gently
sloping topography in the area, stabilization of slopes that may arise as a result of the building
up of waste should be ensured particularly in a landraise type of sanitary landfill. Provisions
for the installation and monitoring of slope stabilization measures (e.g. benching) should be
made, bearing in mind their capacity to support the volume of materials (maximum load limit)
and to arrest pore water pressure build up. Similarly, waste materials and soil cover should be
compacted accordingly.
373. Impacts during construction. During the construction phase, the civil works that are
anticipated include: (i) site clearing and earthworks such as excavation and site grading; (ii) site
development including exposed soil piles, materials hauling and dumping by trucks, vehicle
movement on unpaved roads, and concrete mixing; and (iii) excavation and construction of
leachate drainage, bottom liner installation and other SLF appurtenances. Impacts related to
the construction activities include the generation of wastes from site clearing, including removal
of trees and stripping of shrubs and other vegetation at the SLF site, generation of excavated
soil, dust emission from earthworks, emission from vehicle movement, noise, water pollution

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from runoff of silt, spill of fuels and lubricants, traffic and damage to infrastructure, occupational
and community health and safety hazards.
374. Impacts during operation. During the operational phase, the activities that may
potentially contribute to anticipated environmental impacts include: (i) collection and transport of
solid wastes; (ii) operation and maintenance of the SLF that includes spreading and compacting
of wastes and covering wastes with soil; (iii) operation of the MRF that includes unloading and
sorting of wastes; (iv) handling of biodegradable wastes at the MRF; and (v) closure of the
existing open dump. Anticipated impacts of the subproject implementation include the runoff of
silt from improper grading, thus, requiring the provision of sediment control measures and
drainage interceptor system. The operation of the SLF is also anticipated to generate leachate,
odor and landfill gas from decomposition of organic matter, dust from frequent movement of
collection vehicles and heavy equipment, noise, potential collapse of landfill slope, health
hazard from presence of vectors, stray animals and pests, occupational health and safety risks
from exposure to wastes, fires and explosion due to gas build up, and unaesthetic appearance
and loss of property value from scattering of litter and poor maintenance at the SLF site. The
frequent movement of collection vehicles to the SLF and MRF site may also cause traffic and
damage to existing roads and infrastructures. Mitigation for these impacts during the
construction and operational phases of the subproject is outlined in the subproject EMP.
b) Del Carmen Subproject
375. The Municipality of Del Carmen forms part of the Siargao Island Protected Landscape
and Seascape by virtue of Presidential Proclamation No. 902. There is no established
collection system in Del Carmen and the whole island of Siargao in general. Of the 20
barangays in the municipality, existing solid waste collection only covers two urban barangays in
the Poblacion with an irregular collection schedule due to the lack of a designated truck for
waste collection. Aside from the intermittent waste collection schedule, SWM is barely
implemented due to the lack of equipment and facilities for an efficient and effective SWM.
376. The proposed site for the sanitary landfill is located at Sitio Buyhugon in Barangay
Cancohoy which is approximately 7 km from downtown Del Carmen. The site can be accessed
through an all-weather concrete road along the national road and a combination of gravel and
earth-paved road going to the site from the national road.
377. Impact on Ecologically Protected Area. The project site itself falls within the multiple
use zone based on the proposed Management Zoning Plan of Siargao Protected Landscape
and Seascape. The site is primarily characterized as a rural, agricultural land, therefore the
siting of the proposed SLF is allowed in the area.
378. In support of the Protected Area Management and Action Plan (PAMAP) of the Siargao
Island Protected Landscape and Seascape, the proposed subproject will provide a long-term
solution to the current solid waste management problems of Siargao Island. The project is
foreseen to help in the abatement of pollution caused by the inadvertent disposal of solid wastes
as well as in the conservation of habitats of vulnerable and endangered species that are still
present in the island. In addition, with the projected improvement in solid waste collection in the
island, the current solid waste disposal into the sea will be minimized. This will also contribute
to the protection of the mangrove areas in Del Carmen.
379. Although, the project will provide positive benefits to the environment, the subproject
needs to be presented to the Protected Area Management Board (PAMB) for approval of the
Special Agreement within Protected Area (SAPA). In addition, an Environmental Compliance
Certificate (ECC) needs to be secured from the concerned DENR Regional Office.

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380. Geologic Hazards. The proposed SLF site and immediate vicinity is located in an area
that is considered by PHIVOLCS as prone to ground shaking which can trigger landslides or
rockfalls, settlement or collapse of sinkholes. Ground rupture because of movement of a fault is
unlikely at the site since there is no active fault within the site itself. The risk of liquefaction is
low because the site is located inland where limestone formation is not composed of recent
deposits. However, the presence of cavities, caverns and sinkholes in other areas adjacent to
the site need to be further investigated and findings should be considered in the detailed design
of the SLF and any foundation or structure to be put in place at the SLF and MRF sites.
381. Impacts during construction. During the construction phase, the civil works that are
anticipated include: (i) site clearing and earthworks such as excavation and site grading; (ii) site
development including exposed soil piles, materials hauling and dumping by trucks, vehicle
movement on unpaved roads, and concrete mixing; and (iii) excavation and construction of
leachate drainage, bottom liner installation and other SLF appurtenances. Major environmental
impacts include generation of wastes and excavated soil from site clearing activities, cutting of
trees, dust emission from construction activities, air emission from movement of vehicles, noise
from frequent movement of vehicles to the site, runoff of silt to the receiving Baban lagoon, spill
of fuels and lubricants, traffic and damage to existing rural roads, bridges, and canals, risks to
occupational health and safety, and nuisance to community.
382. Impacts during operational phase. During the operational phase, the activities that
may potentially contribute to anticipated environmental impacts include: (i) collection and
transport of solid wastes; (ii) operation and maintenance of the SLF that includes spreading and
compacting of wastes and covering wastes with soil; (iii) operation of the MRF that includes
unloading and sorting of wastes; (iv) handling of biodegradable wastes at the MRF; and (v)
closure of the existing open dump. The anticipated environmental impacts and mitigation
measures during the operational phase for SLF and MRF operation are outlined in the
subproject EMP.
c) Malay Subproject
383. Malay is a 1st class municipality situated in the northwestern section of Aklan Province.
Rapid increase in population and waste generation prevails in the municipality due to the
booming tourism industry in Boracay Island. The municipality has three MRFs located in Yapak,
Balabag and Manoc-Manoc in Boracay Island and a SLF in Kabulihan in Malay mainland. The
SLF has already reached its full capacity while pile-up of large amounts of waste in the MRFs
poses health risks to workers and inhabitants in the surrounding areas.
384. In general, the implementation of the subproject loan will contribute to significant
decrease in the volume of wastes that shall be brought to Kabulihan SLF. The WTE will convert
wastes to energy in Boracay Island. The proposed cell at Kabulihan SLF will only accommodate
the residuals while the existing and future cells that were earlier designed for the Kabulihan SLF
will now cater to the residual wastes from the urban barangays of mainland Malay.
385. The subproject sites of the MRF and SLF are not located in ecologically and
culturally/historically protected areas. The MRF and SLF sites have been classified by the
Municipality of Malay for SWM facilities.
386. Geologic Hazards. The project site is located in an area that is considered by
PHIVOLCS as prone to ground shaking, although in low varying degrees. However, the project
area is not prone to landslide, volcanic hazard, flooding and coastal hazard such as coastal

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erosion and storm surge74. The site of the proposed waste-to-energy (WTE) project in Manoc-
Manoc is located in an elevated terrain about 500m from the coastline. Ground rupture because
of movement of a fault is unlikely at the site since there is no active fault within the sites itself.
387. Impacts of landfill mining and clean-up of MRF sites. Mining of the piled residual
materials and the dumped biodegradable materials is the initial activity prior to clean-up and
closure of the MRFs. The wastes that will be recovered from the mining activities can be
processed further and will help avoid further environmental pollution at the MRF sites and
vicinity. The mining activities will also allow land reuse given the limited space available for
SWM.
388. During landfill mining, foul odor may be generated from the waste mining operation.
With the presence of biodegradable materials in the mixed wastes at the MRFs, the process of
decomposition generates foul odor emanating from the disposal area. This will be a short-term
impact and can be mitigated through proper sanitation and use of the gas collection system.
Workers will also be provided with protective masks while doing the waste mining operations.
389. Fires or explosion from mining may possibly occur due to gas build-up within the MRFs.
This may pose a safety risk to workers on site. To mitigate this potential risk, a simplified
drainage and gas collection system will be required which can be later on integrated into the
integrated solid waste management treatment system.
390. There is also proliferation of flies and other vectors at the sites which are both unsightly
and a health hazard. However, this should be only for a short time during the mining activity
when the wastes are exposed. A vector management plan will be in place to prevent their
proliferation during the construction phase.
391. The excavation, processing, segregation and windblown litter of wastes may result to
litter and unaesthetic conditions within the surrounding area. The risk of creating an untidy site
will only be during the mining activities and is anticipated to end once the MRFs have been fully
mined and cleaned up. This will be addressed through good housekeeping. In addition, mining
shall preferably be carried out during the dry-season.
392. Another potential impact is the piling up of waste materials from the waste mining and
processing activities. Since the sanitary landfill for residual materials is located in the mainland,
the residual wastes are placed in sacks and piled at designated areas within the MRF. The
areas where the residual materials are currently piled are not roofed thus they get wet during
rains. Also they are exposed to other elements. The sacks of older piles are torn and thus
plastic bags become wind-blown litter. They also attract birds and other animals.
393. Mining needs an area for the temporary storage of the baled materials while awaiting for
the operation of the WTE. Based on assessment of the existing MRFs, there is an area within
the MRFs of Manoc Manoc and Balabag for the temporary storage of bales. Fines and residues
can be transported to the Kabulihan SLF through a barge. Extra caution should be
implemented to avoid accidental spill of these residues while on transport.
394. At the end of the clean-up activities, the general landscape of the sites is expected to
improve and open the sites for other uses. Remediation should be undertaken to prevent
adverse effects to the environment. A closure/abandonment plan needs to be created at least
one year prior to actual closure.
74
Source: EGGAR, Boracay Subproject.

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395. Impact of WTE Facility and Mechanical/Manual MRF. The proposed construction and
installation of a 2-MW WTE is expected to generate short-term construction-related impacts that
includes dust emission, traffic from frequent movement of hauling and construction vehicles.
During WTE facility operation, air pollutants may be emitted as a by-product of the waste
conversion process. Regular maintenance of equipment and source emission tests should be
conducted on a regular basis to confirm compliance with the emission standards of the
Philippine Clean Air act. The results of such tests should be submitted quarterly to DENR-EMB.
396. The WTE operation will generate residues consisting of bottom ash which can be
recycled for construction purposes or disposed at the SLF without special measures.
397. Noise may also be generated during handling and processing of waste and residues. A
buffer zone of trees around the proposed waste thermal plant should be established to minimize
the noise impact.
398. Overall, the WTE will result to a significant decrease in the volume of wastes for disposal
at the Kabulihan SLF. As the WTE will be supplemented with the proposed improved SLF and
enforcement of at-source segregation and a materials segregation facility on-site, there will be
expected significant decrease in the volume of wastes for burial. As such, this will lengthen the
life of the SLF and will save the LGU from seeking and using additional precious land area.
399. Impacts of Expansion of Kabulihan SLF. Immediate works must be done at Cell 1 to
accommodate Cell 2 and maximize the size of the SLF. The excavation and sloping works may
result to short-term construction-related impacts such as soil disturbance, runoff of sediments,
dust emission, noise, accidental spill of fuel and lubricants, traffic from frequent movement of
construction vehicles to and from the site, damage to existing roads, bridges and canals, and
occupational health and safety hazards.
400. During the operation and maintenance of the Kabulihan SLF, activities that may
potentially contribute to anticipated environmental impacts include: (i) collection and transport of
solid wastes; (ii) operation and maintenance of the SLF that includes spreading and compacting
of wastes and covering wastes with soil; and (iii) unloading of wastes. Anticipated impacts
include soil runoff, generation of leachate and contamination of groundwater resources,
generation of foul odor and landfill gas from decomposition of organic matter, possible collapse
of landfill slope, health hazard from presence of vectors, stray animals and pests at the landfill
site, and risks to worker and community health and safety.
d) La Trinidad Subproject
401. The municipality operates the Alno sanitary landfill and composting facilities but the
present conditions are reflective of below par SWM system, which is not fully complying with RA
9003 requirements. The increasing solid waste load and inappropriate SWM technology creates
hygiene and health risks and increase environmental pollution within the area and nearby
environs. There is mixing of waste during collection that reduces the capacity of the landfill. In
addition, unsanitary waste picking practices on the recovery of recyclables at the landfills
prevails. The municipality also needs to close the Wangal dumpsite.
402. With the proposed expansion of the waste collection system, improvement of waste
treatment system, reuse of existing landfill site, construction of a new cell for the sanitary landfill
and closure of the Wangal dumpsite, the La Trinidad subproject is expected to reduce health,
environment and safety risks associated with poor SWM practices. It is expected to contribute
to the reduction of health risks associated with manual waste picking. It is also expected to
generate additional revenues from the sale of compost materials. The proposed improvement
of the composting facility will reduce the volume of wastes to be disposed and treated at the

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SLF and thus extend the SLFs economic life estimated at 20 years. The compost materials are
also expected to generate savings to farmers. By partially substituting commercial fertilizer with
compost materials, it reduces the cost to farmers and likewise minimizes environmental
degradation. The proposed subproject supports La Trinidads ultimate goal of establishing an
Integrated Solid Waste Management System (ISWMS).
403. The project site in Barangay Alno, La Trinidad is not located in any of the declared
ecologically or culturally protected areas in the Cordillera Autonomous Region (CAR). The
project area is designated as a Special Use Zone, specifically for solid waste management by
the municipality of La Trinidad.
404. Geologic Hazards. In terms of geologic hazards, the SLF site and immediate vicinity is
located in an area that is prone to ground shaking, landslides, and slope failures, which may be
induced by earthquakes. However, ground rupture because of movement of a fault is unlikely
at the site since there is no active fault within the site itself. The design of the SLF and other
related infrastructures should take into consideration these EGGAR findings and the results of
the soil investigation. During project operation, the stability of slopes of wastes and of waste
bottom liner interfaces in the landfill should be monitored to manage the fill effectively and to
protect the safety of landfill workers.
405. Impacts of landfill mining. Major environmental issues that need to be considered in
the design and implementation of the La Trinidad subproject are related to the generation and
management of wastes from landfill mining of Cell I and closure of the Wangal open dumpsite.
Cell I of the sanitary landfill have reached dangerous level of residual wastes and landfill mining
will be the initial activity of the subproject prior to the rehabilitation of Cell I. Landfill mining aims
to recover recyclables, combustible fractions, soil, and landfill space in order to extend the life of
the cell from 7 to 12 years.
406. It is necessary that before loan signing, the Municipality of La Trinidad should be able to
explore definite options to convert the residuals through baling and/or pelleting and through co-
processing with interested companies (cement kilns, thermo power stations, and other facilities).
In addition, the LGU needs to enter into an agreement with Urdaneta or Clark SWM operator to
transfer daily waste to partially reduce the load at Cell I and to secure safety in the area.
407. During landfill mining, there is also the possibility of explosion or fire due to gas build-up
within the site. This poses a safety risk for all workers on site. The gas is made up mainly of
methane and carbon dioxide with trace amounts of other gases. To mitigate this potential risk, a
simplified drainage and gas collection system will be required which can be later on integrated
into the integrated solid waste management treatment system.
408. Foul odor may be generated from the landfill mining operation. With the presence of
biodegradable materials in the mixed wastes dumped at Cell I, the process of decomposition
generates foul odor emanating from the disposal area. This will be a short-term impact and can
be mitigated through proper sanitation and use of the gas collection system. Workers will be
provided with protective masks while doing the landfill mining operations.
409. Impacts of sanitary landfill construction and operation. In the construction of the
sanitary landfill, trenching and excavation activities may result to runoff from stockpiled
materials which could contaminate the receiving Pao creek located downstream of the SLF site.
Although this will be a short-term impact during the construction of Cell III, prior to the trenching
and excavation activities, a spoils management plan should be developed to include
characterization of the materials and estimate of volume, measures to ensure proper transport,
storage, reuse, and disposal, and activities for monitoring and recording. To the maximum
extent possible, all earthworks must avoid the rainy periods of May to October. Stockyards for

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construction materials and spoils and storage areas for fuels and lubricants should not be
located near the watercourses. If applicable, excess spoils and materials generated during the
construction activities should be reused. Temporary silt traps or sedimentation basins should
be installed and that the diversion of storm water flow during construction should not lead to
inundation and other nuisances in low-lying areas.
410. During landfill operation, although only residuals will be buried at the proposed SLF,
there is still a risk of contaminant leachate generation. Based on information gathered during
the site visits, there was not an occurrence of leachate overflow despite the relatively small size
of the leachate holding ponds compared to rainfall intensity in the area. It was learned that the
third pond was only provided with sand and gravel and does not have concrete flooring to allow
filtration of the effluent. With this set-up the leachate ponds are not actually designed to treat
leachate from Cell I but are acting as mere holding ponds. The effluents reaching the third pond
may have percolated the groundwater table. Although the results of the spring water sampling
indicated compliance of water quality with Class A standards, the households living below the
site said that there were instances where water coming out from the spring was gray to black in
color. The households are no longer using the springs for domestic water supply after the LGU
provided them with piped water system.
411. The design of the leachate holding pond should be modified in such as way that it would
be able to contain the leachate and protect it from groundwater percolation. Environmental
controls will be through the provision of impermeable liners, leachate collection and treatment
system. The final effluent from the treatment plant should comply with the prescribed Effluent
Standards of DAO 35.
412. Landfill gas will be formed at the SLF from the decomposition of organic matter in the
landfill. This will be controlled through a gas collection system with control and monitoring
facility which will be integrated in the design of the SLF. The LGU is also looking at the
possibility of installing a waste-to-energy facility to supplement the design and operation of the
subproject gas collection system of the SLF. The WTE facility aims to recover and seal off
methane from the land and water environment and to utilize collected gas as fuel.
413. Traffic congestion. Another potential environmental impact of the subproject
implementation will be traffic congestion along the access road to the site since the construction
of Cell III will be simultaneous with the landfill mining and the delivery of newly generated solid
wastes. The frequent movement of construction vehicles to and from the site may disrupt
normal traffic patterns and expose the local community to risk of injury or accidents. As part of
the rehabilitation of Alno SLF, the road that was established within the compound will be
developed into an all-weather road with at least 4m width. The access road will be designed to
be passable even during the rainy season. Also sections with deep blind curves will be widened
or at least provided with warning signs. Drivers will be reminded to limit speed of construction
vehicles when passing near settlement areas.
5. Environmental Criteria for Subproject Selection

414. The potential negative impacts associated with the SWM subprojects can be avoided or
minimized through careful selection of location, design, route and/or process. Specific
environmental criteria for subproject selection have been designed in the Environmental
Assessment and Review Framework (EARF) of the project.
415. Janiuay Subproject. The DENR-EMB recommended the municipality of Janiuay as
candidate LGU for the project to represent a cluster pilot area. The municipality has a cluster
agreement documented with 8 other LGUs in the district, with Janiuay as the SWM focus and

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with an association formed under the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) to minimize
political disruption. The cluster has potential to expand beyond the 9 LGUs for alternative
technologies. The cluster LGUs also committed to support the preparation of the Feasibility
Study.
416. The projected growth of Janiuay, its plan to attain cityhood by 2017, and its commitment
to host the disposal facility for the entire 3rd District of Iloilo will increase its solid waste
generation and inputs from adjacent areas and affect the prevailing collect and dump system
being employed by the LGU.
417. Del Carmen Subproject. The DENR-EMB recommended the municipality of Del
Carmen as candidate LGU for the project as a tourism pilot area. Strict implementation of waste
segregation, regular waste collection, provision for a central MRF and SLF with a capacity
sufficient for the entire Siargao Island is necessary for an efficient and effective SWM. This also
includes the expansion of waste collection system that will cover all municipalities within the
island, effective information, education and communication (IEC) and capacity building for SWM
stakeholders.
418. It has been recognized that the growing population, tourism prospects and economic
development are going to increase waste generation in the island accordingly. To avoid an
unmanageable solid waste situation, Del Carmen municipality has been looking for a long-term
SWM solution for Siargao Island. The proposed subproject is intended to achieve a sustainable
Integrated Island-Based Siargao Solid Waste Management System (IIBSSWMS).
419. Malay Subproject. The DENR-Foreign Assisted and Special Projects Office (FASPO)
selected Boracay on 8 May 2013 as one of the pilot LGUs for the PSWMS project.
Malay/Boracay has carried out substantial investments on solid waste management (SWM) with
financial support from JICA between 2007 and 2010. However, the present system still needs
improvement because there is limited composting capacity and technology at the existing
MRFs. Malay also needs to address the increasing waste generation to protect Boracay, one of
the most famous tourist destinations in the Philippines.
420. La Trinidad Subproject. The Municipality of La Trinidad in the province of Benguet
was selected by the DENR as a pilot LGU for the Project. It is recognized that improvements in
waste minimization programs and increase in solid waste treatment capacity in La Trinidad are
necessary.
6. Environmental Assessment and Review Procedures

421. Republic Act 9003 or the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2010 and its
implementing rules and regulations are the current governing laws and rules on solid waste
management. The policies laid down in RA 9003 are grouped into four, as follows:
a) Source reduction (avoidance) and minimization of waste generated at source;
b) Reuse, recycling, and resource recovery of wastes at the barangay level;
c) Efficient collection, proper transfer, and transport of wastes by city or municipality; and
d) Efficient management of residuals and of final disposal sites and/or any other related
technologies for the destruction/reuse of residuals.
422. The law mandates the LGUs to accomplish the following:
a) Creation of an SWM board at the city/municipal and provincial levels;
b) Creation of an SWM committee at the barangay level;
c) Submission of a 10-year SWM plan at the city/municipal levels;

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d) Establishment of MRF per barangay or cluster of barangays and city/municipal

centralized MRF;
e) Closure of open dumpsites and their conversion into controlled dumpsites by 2004 at the
city/municipal levels; and
f) Banning of controlled dumpsites by 2006 at the city/municipal levels.
423. In accordance with the Philippine Environmental Impact Statement system (PEISS)
undertakings or projects that have potential adverse effects on the environment must obtain an
Environmental Compliance Certificate (ECC) or a Certificate of Non-Coverage (CNC) as pre-
requisite to implementation. Under the PEISS, the EIA Coverage and Screening Checklist of
DAO 2003-30 was developed to determine the coverage and requirements for projects and
undertakings. The guideline for coverage screening was recently amended/updated by virtue of
EMB Memorandum Circular No. 2014-005, which was issued on 07 July 2014. Project
thresholds for coverage screening and categorization are provided in the guidelines. Under the
new circular, projects are classified into the following groups, namely:
a) Category A Projects or undertakings which are classified as Environmentally Critical
Projects (ECPs). Proponents of these projects implemented from 1982 onwards are
required to secure an ECC;
b) Category B Projects or undertakings which are not classified as ECP under Category
A, but which are likewise deemed to significantly affect the quality of the environment by
virtue of being located in an Environmentally Critical Area (ECA). Proponents of these
projects implemented from 1982 onwards are likewise required to secure an ECC;
c) Category C Projects or undertakings not falling under Category A or B which are
intended to directly enhance the quality of the environment or directly address existing
environmental problems. Project proponents may be issued a CNC subject to
evaluation of a submitted Project Description report.;
d) Category D Projects or undertakings that are deemed unlikely to cause significant
adverse impact on the quality of the environment according to the parameters set forth
in the Screening Guidelines. These projects are not covered by the Philippine EIS
System and are not required to secure an ECC but may opt to secure a CNC from the
DENR.
424. The documentary requirement for ECC application for Category A (ECPs) is an EIS
while the documentary requirement for Category B (non-ECPs but located in ECA) could be an
EIS or an IEE report or IEE checklist, depending on the project threshold defined under the
screening checklist. Category C project are required to prepare a Project Description report
(Parts 1 and 2) to confirm non-coverage, hence, may be issued a CNC by the DENR or to
further classify as either Category A or B which requires an ECC.
425. An Environmental Performance Report and Management Plan (EPRMP) is required in
securing an amendment of the ECC for existing SWM projects for which an ECC has been
earlier issued but are being proposed for modification either due to expansion of land area,
increase in capacity or auxiliary component, and/or change in process flow or methodology .
426. According to Annex A of the revised guidelines for coverage screening and standardized
requirements of the Philippine EIS System under EMB Memorandum Circular No. 2014-005,
solid waste management projects are classified as either Category A or B projects. Table 2 lists
the category and documentary requirements for the pilot subprojects of the PSWMS project.

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Table 2. EIA Category and Documentary Requirements for Pilot Subprojects

Subproject Category Documentary Remarks
Requirement
La Trinidad Subproject B EPRMP The DENR-EMB-Cordillera Autonomous Region (CAR)
has issued an ECC for the Alno sanitary landfill in La
Trinidad. The proposed modifications will require an
amendment of the ECC from the EMB CAR.
The composting component of the subproject, which
has a daily production rate of less than 3,750 MT, will
require the preparation of a Project Description in
securing the Certificate of Non-Coverage (CNC).
Malay Subproject B EPRMP An ECC has been issued for the existing sanitary
landfill. The proposed modifications require an
amendment of the ECC from the DENR Regional
Office.
The proposed WTE project in Manoc Manoc require a
new ECC.
Janiuay Subproject B EIS The proposed sanitary landfill will be designed as
Category 2. The proponent LGU is required to secure
the ECC from the DENR-EMB Regional Office.
Del Carmen Subproject B EIS The proposed sanitary landfill will be designed as
Category 2. The proponent LGU is required to secure
the ECC from the DENR-EMB Regional Office.
427. The proposed subprojects forwarded for funding by the SWM sector loan are required to
comply with the following milestones during the design, construction and implementation of the
subprojects with respect to Philippine regulatory requirements:
Table 3: Milestones for Environmental Compliance of Subprojects
Project Stage Environmental Regulatory Approving Purpose
Requirement Entity
Detailed Engineering Environmental Compliance Certificate DENR In compliance with PD1586.
and Design (ECC) or ECC amendment (for existing ECC is needed prior to ICC
projects with ECC) NEDA Board approval.
Special Agreement within Protected Area PAMB Applicable to the Malay
(SAPA) Subproject and Del Carmen
Subproject
Bidding ECC and EMP in bid documents For reference for bidders
Notice to Proceed Updated EMP prepared by contractor For reference of contractors and
with budget (if necessary) subcontractors
Construction Permit to Cut/Ball Out trees DENR-FMB Applicable if the proposed
project will cut/ball out trees
Semi-annual Compliance Monitoring In compliance with PD1586. To
Report submitted to DENR-EMB document implementation of
Regional Office EMP
Operation Discharge Permit DENR-EMB In compliance with RA9275.
Applicable for the treatment and
discharge of wastewater
effluent.

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Project Stage Environmental Regulatory Approving Purpose

Requirement Entity
Permit to Operate Air Pollution Source DENR-EMB In compliance with RA8749.
Equipment Applicable for WTE subprojects
and if the proposed project will
utilize generator sets even if as
standby units only.
Water Rights Permit NWRB For the abstraction from surface
water and/or groundwater.
Hazardous Waste Registration DENR-EMB In compliance with RA6969.
Applicable for management of
hazardous wastes such as
empty chemical containers,
used oil, busted fluorescent
lamps
Semi-annual Compliance Monitoring In compliance with PD1586. To
Report submitted to DENR-EMB document implementation of
Regional Office EMP
Quarterly Self-Monitoring Report To document monitoring of
submitted to DENR-EMB Regional Office environmental parameters.
428. GHG Emissions. As part of environmental impact assessment, the Consultant should
assist the Proponent LGU in calculating the contribution of the current solid waste management
practices of the LGU as well as the projected GHG emissions with the proposed project. These
calculations shall be based on the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories. Information about the annual solid waste disposal, amount of waste collected,
amount of waste brought to the open dumpsite or landfill sites, amount of recyclable wastes,
amount of composted waste materials and amount o wastes that are burned needs to be
gathered to calculate the GHG contribution. In all waste diversion and management methods,
the percent composition of waste needs to be established. The GHG calculation model
developed by the Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES) can be downloaded the
http://pub.iges.or.jp/modules/envirolib/view.php?docid=4273 As solid waste management data
collection progresses with the implementation of the project, GHG emission calculation shall be
continued to establish the GHG inventory with the project and its comparison with baseline GHG
emissions. The list of data requirements for the estimation of the GHG emissions can be found
in the EARF while further information on the IPCC 2006 Guidelines can be downloaded from the
IPCC National Greenhouse Gas Inventories website http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/.
Appendices from 6 to 9 present GHG Emissions without and with the project in the pilot LGUs
7. Conclusion
429. Findings of the environmental assessments suggest that there are no significant adverse
or complex environmental impacts associated with the four proposed subprojects. Identified
environmental and social impacts can be readily mitigated to meet environmental standards and
regulations through incorporation, application and implementation of each impacts
corresponding mitigation measures and procedures as outlined in the EMP.
430. With this, the subproject IEE reports will suffice as the environmental assessment for the
PSWMS. The conduct of further studies or detail environmental impact assessment is no longer
necessary.

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V. PROJECT FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS

A. Financial Analysis
1. Methodology and Assumptions

371. The financial analyses of the subprojects were conducted to (i) determine the
appropriate level of fees that would achieve the financial viability of the subprojects; (ii) ensure
that fees are affordable to households, particularly those in the low-income group; and (iii)
forecast the financial performance of the LGUs to determine their financial condition and the
sustainability of their various operations, including the subprojects.
372. The analyses were undertaken in accordance with the ADB's Framework for the
Economic and Financial Appraisal of Urban Development Sector Projects, Guidelines for the
Financial Management and Analysis of Projects, and the publication, Financial Due Diligence, A
Methodology Note.75
373. The financial internal rate of return (FIRR) was calculated through comparison of the
without project and with project conditions at constant 2014 price. Price contingencies,
inflation and interest during construction (as a result of debt financing, if any) were excluded in
the calculation of the FIRR. Revenues and costs in the subprojects profit and loss and cash
flow statements were stated at constant 2014 price. Price contingencies were calculated using
local inflation factors (4% in 2015 and thereafter) for local currency costs and foreign inflation
factors (1.0% in 2015, 1.4% in 2016 and thereafter). An exchange rate of Php43.50 per
US$1.00 was used when converting foreign currency costs to local currency equivalent.
374. Operating revenues and costs. Operating revenues were derived from proposed
garbage fees, tipping fees, environmental fees, income from recycling, and sale of compost and
electricity76. Prevailing market prices of recycled materials and compost in the areas were
assumed in the analysis. The initial biomass feed-in-tariff approved by the Energy Regulatory
Commission on 27 July 2012 to apply to generation from renewable energy sources was used in
calculating electricity sales. Annual O&M costs for the subprojects were based on the technical
teams estimates, calculated on the basis of the operating characteristic of the components.
375. Subproject capital costs and financing plan. The subprojects capital costs were
based on the technical teams estimate, inclusive of engineering base costs, taxes and duties,
physical and price contingencies, and consulting services. The financial analyses assumed that
the subprojects capital costs would be financed by a 100% grant from the national government,
except for Malay. Malay would provide equity equivalent to $5.1 million or 29% of total
subproject cost due to the waste-to-energy plant component. The national government grant
would be sourced from the proceeds of the loan and grant from ADB and co-financiers and the
counterpart contribution from the national government for the sector project. The national
government would be responsible for the repayment of the loan from ADB and co-financiers.
The weighted average cost of capital (WACC) for the subprojects was estimated at 2.5%, in real
terms.
75
ADB. 1994. Framework for the Economic and Financial Appraisal of Urban Development Sector Projects. Manila;
ADB. 2005. Financial Management and Analysis of Projects. Manila; ADB. 2009. Financial Due Diligence A
Methodology Note. Manila.
76
Sale of electricity applies to Malay; tipping fees apply to Del Carmen and Janiuay; sale of compost applies to La
Trinidad; income from recycling applies to Del Carmen, Janiuay and Malay; and garbage fees apply to all.

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2. Proposed Fees and Affordability

376. Garbage fee. The revenue ordinances in the LGUs are proposed to be amended to
include garbage fee to be collected from households and simplify77 the entire schedule of
garbage fee for business establishments for cost-effectiveness and easier implementation. The
proposed garbage fees would ensure the recovery of at least the O&M costs for SWM without
being subsidized by internal revenue allotment (IRA) funding.
Table 5.1 Proposed Garbage Fee
Annual Fee (Php)

LGU Household Business
Del Carmen 500 3,000
Janiuay 600 3,000
La Trinidad 500 3,500
Malay 360 4,000
377. Tipping fee. The subproject in Del Carmen (Siargao) was designed with the assumption
that the proposed SLF components would also be used by the other municipalities in the island
of Siargao. It is assumed that other LGUs would collect solid wastes from their respective
municipalities and transport them to the SLF site in Del Carmen for processing, treatment and
eventual disposal. Each municipality shall pay a tipping fee of Php1,000/ton to defray Del
Carmens operating expenses for the SLF.
378. Affordability and willingness to pay. An affordability analysis was conducted to
determine if households, particularly those in the low-income group, can afford to pay the
proposed garbage fee. The results of the analysis revealed that the percentage of monthly
household income spent on garbage fee does not exceed 1%. Based on generally accepted
affordability principle that the expenditure on garbage shall not exceed 1% of household
income, the proposed fees are considered affordable.
379. The socio-economic survey conducted in each municipality revealed that a great
majority of respondents expressed support to the proposed subprojects. The proposed fees are
within the respondents willingness to pay.
3. Financial Performance of SWM Operations

380. Recent financial performance. In recent years, the SWM operations of the LGUs were
subsidized by IRA funding, except in Malay78. Garbage fees collected in the municipalities were
not enough to cover even the O&M costs for SWM. The losses were largely due to low level of
fees on businesses and non-imposition of fees on households, except in the case of La Trinidad.
381. Projected financial performance. The projected financial performance of the
subprojects is summarized below for the period 2015-2025. The financial projections show that
77
LGUs have various business classifications for garbage fee (e.g., Del Carmen has over 500) making
implementation of fee collection very cumbersome and time consuming.
78
Malay SWM operation is subsidized by the environmental fee collected from tourists.

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Del Carmen, La Trinidad and Malay will recover full O&M costs and depreciation. No annual
operating subsidy from IRA will be required when subproject facilities become fully operational
by 2017. These municipalities could accumulate enough cash from the SWM operations to fund
the acquisition of equipment and vehicles as they become due for replacement. Janiuay will be
able to cover full O&M costs but not the depreciation cost. No annual operating subsidy from
IRA is required for O&M. Capital subsidy for replacement of run-down SWM capital assets will
be required.
Table 5.2: Summary of SWM Financial Projections (in million Php)
DEL CARMEN 2018 2019 2020 2025 2030 2035

Total Revenue 11.3 12.1 12.9 17.1 22.8 30.0
Total O&M Expenses 1.5 1.8 2.1 2.9 2.9 2.9
Income before Depreciation 9.8 10.3 10.8 14.2 19.9 27.1
Total Depreciation 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1
Net Income 7.7 8.2 8.7 12.1 17.9 25.0
JANIUAY 2018 2019 2020 2025 2030 2035
Total Revenue 8.3 8.7 12.1 18.8 32.8 42.6
Net Income 3.02 (4.51) (2.02) 2.46 15.57 25.38
LA TRINIDAD 2018 2019 2020 2025 2030 2035
Total Revenue 39.8 42.3 49.7 64.6 102.3 136.5
Net Income 10.2 11.7 18.3 23.8 60.9 94.3
MALAY 2018 2019 2020 2025 2030 2035
Total Revenue 88.5 99.4 110.8 191.3 191.3 191.3
Net Income 24.1 32.0 40.4 108.8 108.8 108.8
4. FIRR and Sensitivity Analysis

382. The results of the FIRR calculation and sensitivity analysis for subprojects are shown
below. The fees used in the analysis are consistent with the fees as discussed in paragraphs 6
and 7. Based on the results, it can be concluded that all the proposed subprojects are financially

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viable under the base case scenario and also under adverse changes in conditions. The FIRR
and sensitivity analysis results would not require annual operating subsidy as it could recover
full O&M costs and partial capital costs. The sensitivity analysis for the four subprojects
indicates that the subprojects are most sensitive to a subproject delay and decrease in
revenues, but remains well above the WACC calculated at 2.5%.
Table 5.3: FIRR and Sensitivity Analysis
DEL CARMEN Change NPV FIRR SI (IRR) SV (IRR)

Base Case 72.4 7%
Case 1 - Increase in Capital Costs 10% 56.4 6% 2.69 37%
Case 2 - Increase in O&M Costs 10% 68.9 7% 0.45 224%
Case 3 - Decrease in Revenues 10% 45.7 5% 3.44 29%
Case 4 - Project Delay 1 Year Delay 48.4 5% NPV lower by 33%
JANIUAY Change NPV FIRR SI (IRR) SV (IRR)
Base Case 57.0 5.2%
Case 1 - Increase in Capital Costs 10% 39.4 4.2% 3.5 0.3
Case 2 - Increase in O&M Costs 10% 46.9 4.7% 1.7 0.6
Case 3 - Decrease in Revenues 10% 23.6 3.6% 5.6 0.2
Case 4 - Project Delay 1 Year Delay 26.5 3.7% NPV lower by 0.5
LA TRINIDAD Change NPV FIRR SI (IRR) SV (IRR)
Base Case 398.4 11.39%
Case 1 - Increase in Capital Costs 10% 361.5 10.11% 1.44 69%
Case 2 - Increase in O&M Costs 10% 367.4 10.75% 0.72 139%
Case 3 - Decrease in Revenues 10% 290.7 9.30% 2.35 43%
Case 4 - Project Delay 1 Year Delay 290.7 8.77% NPV lower by 27%
MALAY Change NPV FIRR SI (IRR) SV (IRR)
Base Case 936 11%
Increase in Capital Costs 10% 850 10% 1.42 70%
Increase in O&M Costs 10% 879 11% 0.49 203%
Decrease in Revenues 10% 700 9% 2.10 48%
Project Delay 1 Year Delay 764 9% NPV lower by 18%
1/ NPV = Net Present Value discounted at WACC
2/ SI = Sensitivity Indicator (ratio of % change in FIRR above the cut-off rate of WACC to % change in a variable)
3/ SV = Switching Value (% change in a variable to reduce the FIRR to the cut-off rate of WACC)
5. Subproject and Financial Sustainability

383. The projected financial performance of the subprojects shows that the SWM operations
of all pilot LGUs would be able to fund all O&M expenses and would not require annual
operating subsidy. The municipalities would be able to accumulate enough cash to fund future

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asset replacement without the need for capital subsidy. Achieving such financial performance
indicates financial sustainability.
384. Except for Malay, financial sustainability of the subprojects would however require that
the revenues earned are ring-fenced and used exclusively for the payment of SWM
expenditures. This is already being done by Malay LGU. An improved SWM accounting system
for the other LGUs would be necessary. SWM subsidiary ledger accounts should be created in
the LGU accounting system to separately record SWM fees and operating expenses to improve
monitoring and analysis of SWM operations. The subsidiary ledger system should have sub-
cost centers (e.g. waste collection, sanitary landfill operations, resource recovery operations,
etc.) while the details of expenses should be appropriately classified into personnel cost; fuel, oil
and lubricants cost; repair and maintenance cost; materials and supplies; and other operating
expenses. The LGUs should conduct an annual review of the SWM fees and revise them, if
necessary, to ensure 100% recovery of at least the annual O&M costs, periodic major
maintenance and depreciation of equipment.
385. A forecast of the General Fund79 of the municipalities for the period 2014-2020 was
conducted. The objectives of the forecast were to: (i) ascertain the financial capability of the
municipality to contribute equity if required, as in the case of Malay, in the implementation of the
subproject; (ii) determine the financial sustainability of the entire LGU operations in the
municipality, including the subproject; and (iii) establish the LGUs compliance with the annual
debt service ceiling80 and development expenditure threshold81 under the 1991 LGC.
386. The fiscal conditions of the LGUs were projected based on the review of past trends and
the results of subproject analyses. The financial projections show that Malay has the capacity to
contribute equity to the subproject; the entire LGU operations in the municipalities, including the
subprojects, are financially sustainable; and the debt service ceiling and development threshold
are complied with during the forecast period.
79
Consist of taxes, fees, and revenues received which are available for the payment of expenditures, obligations or
purposes not specifically declared by law as accruing and chargeable to, or payable from, any other fund.
80
Not to exceed 20% of annual regular income.
81
Not lower than 20% of internal revenue allotment.

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Table 5.4: Summary of Financial Projections on General Fund Balance (million Php)
BUDGET PROJECTION
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
DEL CARMEN
LocalRevenues 53.34 60.44 68.61 78.00 88.82 101.26 111.35 122.49
ExternalSources 46.30 53.25 61.23 70.42 80.98 93.13 102.44 112.68
Less:CurrentOperatingExpenditures 57.28 61.89 66.90 74.46 83.04 92.77 102.04 112.25
NetOperatingIncome (3.94) (1.45) 1.71 3.54 5.78 8.50 9.31 10.24
Add:NonIncomeReceipts 5.00
Less:NonOperatingExpenditures 1.03 1.03 1.03 1.03 1.03 1.03 1.13 1.24
NetIncrease/DecreaseinFunds 0.03 (2.48) 0.68 2.51 4.75 7.47 8.18 8.99
JANIUAY
LocalRevenues 16.55 21.18 23.45 25.93 28.65 31.64 34.94 38.59
TotalCurrentOperatingIncome 105.64 115.69 123.64 132.15 141.26 151.03 161.52 172.80
NetOperatingIncome 50.58 59.02 65.32 72.13 79.48 87.44 97.57 106.93
Add:NonIncomeReceipts
Less:NonOperatingExpenditures 19.40
NetIncrease/DecreaseinFunds 31.18 59.02 65.32 72.13 79.48 87.44 97.57 106.93
LATRINIDAD
LocalRevenues 184.67 204.76 231.38 261.98 297.19 337.74 371.02 408.12
NetOperatingIncome 2.27 2.99 7.72 13.58 20.78 29.58 32.04 35.24
Add:NonIncomeReceipts 1.20
NetIncrease/DecreaseinFunds (0.48) 4.26 10.12 17.32 26.11 28.22 31.05
MALAY
LocalRevenues 241 269 299 334 372 416 464 519
Add:NonIncomeReceipts
NetIncrease/DecreaseinFunds 60.79 68.30 75.99 83.77 91.53 99.13 106.38 113.04
B. Economic Analysis
1. Economic Rationale
387. The proposed investments aim to improve and expand access to the solid waste
management services provided by municipalities. The improved and expanded service would
bring about better environmental and sanitation conditions in the municipalities and nearby
areas.
388. The present waste collection systems are limited. Collected wastes are disposed into
open dumpsites without treatment. With growing population, the lack of investments in capacity
expansion and environmentally sound methods and facilities in handling, treating and disposing
wastes would continue to deprive an increasing number of people of a basic and essential
municipal service. With mounting wastes left uncollected, improperly treated and disposed off,

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this could lead to further deterioration of the environment which could affect the health and well-
being of the population.
2. Methodology and Assumptions

389. The economic analyses of the subprojects were conducted in accordance with ADBs
Guidelines for the Economic Analysis of Projects82 and the Framework for the Economic and
Financial Appraisal of Urban Development Sector Projects83.
390. Alternative project designs were assessed, in consultation with the LGUs and other
stakeholders, to ensure that the subprojects are in accordance with technical and environmental
standards and the most cost effective option within the financing capacity of the LGUs.
391. Benefits and costs were arrived at through comparison of the without project and with
project conditions. Benefits and costs were estimated over a period of 20 years at constant
2014 price. An exchange rate of US$1.00 to Php43.50 was used when converting foreign
exchange costs to local currency equivalent. All costs were valued using the domestic price
numeraire. Economic costs were derived from the technical teams financial estimates of capital
and O&M costs, adjusted for transfer payments and any other market distortions. Taxes and
duties were excluded because they represent transfer payments. Traded goods, net of taxes
and duties, were adjusted by the shadow exchange rate factor of 1.2 while a factor of 1.0 was
applied for non-traded goods (except for unskilled labor). For unskilled labor, the shadow wage
rate factor of 0.6 was used. These parameters are consistent with those used in recent ADB-
financed projects in the Philippines. Economic opportunity cost of capital (EOCC) of 12% was
assumed for the analysis.
3. Economic Benefits
392. The proposed subprojects would bring significant economic, environmental and health
benefits to the municipalities and nearby areas. The benefits would accrue to the affected
communities as a whole, both poor and the rich, and not only to the direct beneficiaries of the
SWM service. The economic benefits quantified were (i) reduced natural resources use due to
recycling; (iii) savings from the use of compost materials instead of commercial fertilizer; (iii)
resource savings from replaced energy source; and (iv) health benefits.
393. The proposed MRF84 and composting85 components would reduce the volume of wastes
to be disposed and treated at the SLFs and thus extend the SLFs economic lives. Recyclable
materials would be segregated at the MRF and sold to recycling centers to generate revenues.
By substituting recovered scrap materials for the use of new trees, metal ores, minerals, oil, and
other virgin materials, recycling would reduce the pressure to expand forestry and mining
production, which could be environmentally damaging. The benefit from reduced natural
resources use is conservatively valued at 70% to 80% of the market price of recycled materials.
394. The compost materials would also be sold and generate revenues. By partially
substituting commercial fertilizer with compost materials, it would reduce the cost to farmers and
likewise minimize environmental degradation. The benefit is conservatively valued at almost half
of the market price of commercial fertilizers.
82
ADB. 2007. Guidelines for the Economic Analysis of Projects. Manila.
83
ADB. 1994. Framework for the Economic and Financial Appraisal of Urban Development Sector Projects. Manila.
84
Applies to Del Carmen, Janiuay and Malay.
85
Applies to La Trinidad.

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395. As of October 2013, the energy plants in the Visayas power grid consisted of 54%
geothermal, 36% coal, 9% diesel and 1% renewable energy86. Malay is in the Visayas and is
supplied with electricity from the grid. The analysis assumes that with the proposed waste-to-
energy (WTE) plant in Malay, the equivalent kWh of energy generated from coal, a relatively
cheaper but less environment-friendly source of energy, would be displaced from the grid.
Domestic coal production accounted for 14% of the countrys demand for coal in 2010 and
imported coal supplied the gap87. The proposed WTE plant would generate resource savings
equivalent to the economic value of coal importation displaced from the grid.
396. Many causes of diseases may be due in part to environmental factors. In the 2006 World
Bank (WB) study88 for the country, it was estimated that air pollution accounted for 5% of the
environmental causes of diseases while 17% were due to water pollution, poor sanitation
conditions and hygiene practices. Inadequate and environmentally ineffective SWM service
contributes to air pollution, water pollution and poor sanitation. The subproject will increase the
coverage of wastes collection while in some areas, the existing dump site will be closed and a
new sanitary landfill will be constructed, operated and maintained in accordance with the best
principles of public health and environmental protection. The subproject will bring about quality
improvements in public health.
397. Health benefit was quantified using the Disability Adjusted Life Year (DALY) approach89.
A DALY is a measure of overall disease burden, expressed as the number of years lost due to
ill-health, disability or early death. The health benefit attributable to the subproject is reduced
health risks from outdoor pollution as measured through savings in DALYs. It was observed that
the lack of proper SWM in the municipalities prompted many households to result in burning
their trashone of the major causes of outdoor pollution.
398. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated the total DALYs of the Philippines at
19,078 per 100,000 population90.The WHO approach of calculating the annual economic value
of a DALY as equivalent to a countrys gross national income (GNI) per capita was adopted91
.The countrys estimated GNI per capita in 2012 was $6,170 (purchasing power parity)92. The
analysis conservatively assumes a GNI per capita growth in real terms at 1% per annum.
Savings in DALY attributable to the subproject is assumed at 1% of the economic value of the
calculated DALYs for the municipality based on its projected population.
86
NGCP. 2013. National Grid Corporation of the Philippines Generation Mix. Manila.
87
APEC. Energy Demand and Supply Outlook for Philippines. 5th Edition.
88
World Bank. 2006. Philippines Environment Monitor. Washington D.C.
89
The approach was developed by Harvard University for the World Bank in 1990 for a study that provided a
comprehensive assessment of mortality and disability from diseases, injuries and risk factors. The WHO
subsequently adopted the method in 1996. Determination of DALY is continually revised by the WHO.
90
World Health Organization. 2004. World Health Report. Geneva, Switzerland.
91
The WHO Commission of Macroeconomics and Health assumes that each DALY can be valued at one year of per
capita GNI to arrive at a conservative estimate of the economic value of a DALY.
92
World Bank. 2012. World Development Indicators. Washington D.C.

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4. Results of Economic Analysis

399. The results of the economic and sensitivity analysis of the subprojects are shown below.
Based on the results, it can be concluded that the proposed subprojects are economically viable
under the base case scenario and under adverse changes in conditions. The sensitivity analysis
indicates that the proposed subprojects are most sensitive to a subproject delay and a decrease
in subproject benefits, but remains above the EOCC.
Table 5.5: EIRR and Sensitivity Analysis
DEL CARMEN Change NPV EIRR SI (IRR) SV (IRR)

Base Case 80 20%
Case 1 - Increase in Capital Costs 10% 68 19% 2.08 48%
Case 2 - Increase in O&M Costs 10% 79 20% 0.13 791%
Case 3 - Decrease in Benefits 10% 59 18% 2.42 41%
Case 4 - Benefits Delay 1 Year Delay 52 17% NPV lower by 35%
EIRRs: Change NPV EIRR SI (IRR) SV (IRR)
Base Case 94 22%
LA TRINIDAD Change NPV EIRR SI (IRR) SV (IRR)
Base Case 399 32%
MALAY Change NPV EIRR SI (IRR) SV (IRR)
Base Case 332 18%
Increase in Capital Costs 10% 269 17% 2.40 42%
Increase in O&M Costs 10% 315 18% 0.47 213%
Decrease in Benefits 10% 220 16% 3.14 32%
Benefits Delay 1 Year Delay 173 15% NPV lower by 48%
1/ NPV = Net Present Value discounted at EOCC of 12%
2/ SI = Sensitivity Indicator (ratio of % change in EIRR above the cut-off rate of 12% to % change in a variable)
3/ SV = Switching Value (% change in a variable to reduce the EIRR to the cut-off rate of 12%)
5. Subproject Economic Sustainability

400. The economic sustainability of the proposed subprojects largely depends on the
subprojects financial sustainability. Unless the subprojects are financially sustainable, the

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economic benefits assumed in the analysis would not materialize. The results of the projected
financial performance of the subprojects as well as the LGUs as owners of the subproject
facilities show that both the subprojects and the LGUs are projected to earn profits each year
over the forecast period when the subproject facilities become operational. The financial
sustainability of the subprojects would require, however, that fees are periodically reviewed and
adjusted to keep pace with the rising operating costs due to inflation.
6. Poverty Impact Ratio

401. The costs and benefits of the subprojects are shared among different groups. Based on
the results from the financial and economic analyses, an assessment of the distribution of
subproject benefits and costs was undertaken to determine which participant would gain from
the subprojects or incur a loss. An evaluation was also conducted to ascertain which portion of
the net gains of the subprojects would ultimately benefit the poor. The results of the evaluation
revealed that the poverty impact ratio (PIR) were 36.3% in Del Carmen, 27.7% in Janiuay,
22.8% in La Trinidad and 31.2% in Malay. With the PIR results, it can be concluded that the
implementation of the proposed subprojects would have a positive poverty reducing impact in
the areas.

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VI. RISK MITIGATION MEASURES AND RECOMMENDATIONS

A. General
402. Three categories of risks were considered in this study: (i) those under the control of the
Project, (ii) those that depend on the decisions or actions of the Government and other
agencies, and (iii) those associated with uncontrollable events.
B. Risks Under the Control of the Project
403. The risks under the control of the Project correspond to the institutional and governance,
policy, physical component, procurement, social, environmental, financial and economic aspects
(Table 6.1).
Table 6.1 Risks Under the Control of the Project
Risk
Risks under the Control of the Project Mitigation
Level
Institutional and Governance Risks
Limited capacity for, and knowledge of ADBs Low - Provide training on ADBs procurement
procurement guidelines medium guidelines to PID staff
Procurement processes cause delays in Low- Follow ADB agreed timetable for
Project implementation. medium evaluation and award of tenders
Weaknesses in procurement controls reduces Low- Follow ADB procedures with disclosure of
or prevents transparency or effectiveness medium procurement related information in PID
websites
Corruption during Project implementation Low - Ensure transparency in financial matters.
medium Provide and disseminate regular bulletin
on Project expenditures
Project delay due to poor timing of recruitment Low - Monitor progress regularly; performance
and /or unsatisfactory performance of design Medium standards included in consultants
and supervision consultants contracts
Policy Risks
Non-inclusion of use of WTE in RA 9003 Medium Use of WTE encouraged under Renewal
Energy Act
None acceptance or imposition of garbage fees Medium Dialogue with stakeholders supported by
on residential areas - High financial, economic and environmenal
analyis
Physical Component Risks
Non-compliance by contractors with the Medium Strict monitoring supported by well crafted
required technical specifications. - High contracts with provisions for penalties,
suspension and replacement
Limited resources (equipment or financial) or Medium Capacity building for LGU and DENR staff
technical know of LGU and DENR to monitor - High
construction and operation of facilities
Procurement Risk
Lack of bidders complying with tender Medium Early invitations for expressions of interest
requirements High
Draft Final Report December 2014 Page 121

Excessively high tenders Medium FS cost estimate to be validated during

design stage
Social Risk
Host barangay object to the use of identified High IEC, dialogue with barangay officials and
site for SWM facilities local residents
Inadequate/inappropriate provision for income Low Monitor progress regularly and take early
restoration of affected wste pickers preventive measures steps thru grievance
mechanisms
NGOs, civil societies and church groups Medium Fully compliance with the related lows,
oppose a site and technology selections for rules and regulation Philippines and
SWM, NIMBY appropriate IEC campaigns
Environmental Risks
Site selected for SWM facilities vulnerable to Medium Proper design measures based on seismic
ground shaking due to proximity to major active risk analysis, engineering geologic
fault mapping of SLF site
Highly permeable limestone formation in Medium Use HDPE liner to reduce potential for
Boracay entry of leachate into the local
groundwater system; effluent monitoring
Overflow of leachate pond Low Recirculation of leachate; accept only
residual waste into the SLF
Financial Risks
Reluctance or non-willingness of stakeholders Low- Proposed fee structure is supported by
to pay for collection of waste medium willingness to pay studies; strict Project
implementation and customer focused
management approach
Revenue collection insufficient to cover Revenue collection insufficient to cover
Medium
Operation and Maintenance costs Operation and Maintenance costs
Economic Risks
Project cost overrun due to delays in Low Monitor progress regularly and take
construction appropriate action early
Project output is below target Low Monitor progress regularly and take action
early; confirmatory surveys during design
stage; Project targets based on updated
design
Service provided by the improved infrastructure Low Proposed SWM fee structures are to be
and equipment is less than Projected due to supported by willingness to pay studies
limited consumer affordability or willingness to
pay
Medium Operation and Maintenance costs are
adequately covered d in the financial plan;
venue collection insufficient to cover Operation
review and update of financial and
and Maintenance costs
technical analysis during the design
stage

C. Risks that Depend on Decisions or Actions of GoP or Other Agencies
404. These risks shall be mitigated through Project design and incorporated into
implementation management and procedures. Table 13.2 summarizes these risks.
Table 6.2 Risks that depend on Decisions or Actions of GoP or Other Agencies
Risks that depend on Decisions or
Actions of GoP or Other Agencies
Risk Level Mitigation
Prepare sound feasibility study and
NEDA does not approve or delays the
High EA appropriate consultation with the
Project implementation
main stakeholders
Include safeguards in procurement
Poor governance and corruption that may and Project operations in design,
affect Project implementation Medium policy change such as direct NG
support to SWM through feed in
tariff
Monitor progress regularly and take
Project delay/cancellation due to slow appropriate action early, reduce
Medium
disbursement in the project implementation unnecessary bureaucracy by
capacity building and training
Present sound investment plan and
a full compliance with the related
Uncertain and vacillating policies on WTE
High lows, rules and regulation in the
and PPP and investments in general
Philippines and appropriate IEC
campaigns

VII. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

A. General
405. The proposed PSWMP, when implemented, directly addresses the current gaps in the
present solid waste management systems confronting the target LGU beneficiaries. This will
serve as an antecedent to the following positive benefits: the enhancement of the current
segregation and collection system through the adoption of automated, faster, sanitary and more
efficient recovery of recyclables; management of combustible or high-energy value waste, which
are otherwise, a high-potential energy resource if further processed into RDF or considered as
input to generate electricity through gasification; reduction of residues to be disposed from 15%
to 25%; expansion of SLF capacities; capacity building of LGUs through enhanced SWM
knowledge and institution of a systematic recording, storage and retrieval of SWM data; and
potential additional revenue stream from sale of RDF, recyclables and power.
406. The operation of the MRF and the WTE will be undertaken by the private sector that will
provide the technical know-how and experience which the LGUs currently do not possess.
Sustained operations can be attained provided the following conditions are satisfied:
1. LGU should continue and enhance its current practice of source segregation of
waste and segregated waste collection, a full enforcement of RA 9003.
2. The Environmental and project implementation staff should undergo a
comprehensive training with emphasis on operation of facilities and equipment, SWM
data management system and contract management.
3. Strengthening of the current institutional set up
4. Continued ring-fencing of SWM revenues
407. Once the loan or grant has been approved, detailed engineering studies for the facilities,
collection system and waste composition and generation should be conducted to validate and
update the findings in the feasibility study.

Appendices
1. Project Design Framework (DFW) PPTA 8115 PHI

2. Problem Tree Analysis
3. External Assistance
4. Subproject Brief
4.1 Del Carmen Subproject Profile
4.2 Janiuay Subproject Profile
4.3 La Trinidad Subproject Profile
4.4 Malay Subproject Profile
5. IPP Outline
6. GHG Emissions Del Carmen without and with the project in the pilot LGUs
7. GHG Emissions Janiuay without and with the project in the pilot LGUs
8. GHG Emissions La Trinidad without and with the project in the pilot LGUs
9. GHG Emissions Malay/Boracay without and with the project in the pilot
LGUs
Appendix 1
Design and Monitoring Framework

APPENDIX 1
1
Appendix 1
DESIGN AND MONITORING FRAMEWORK
Design Summary Performance Targets and Data Sources and Assumptions

Indicators Reporting and Risks
Mechanisms
Impact By 2020: Pre-Project Assumption
Improved public Improved health situation related to benchmarking and LGUs remain
health and well incidence of vector and water-borne post-Project committed to
being and diseases by 10% in the eight evaluation improving SWM
economic participating LGUs infrastructure and
opportunities in 8 MW WTE capacity established to Health monitoring services.
participating LGUs support local economy and statistics report
Risks
Working opportunity 230 people at LGUs MENRO Urban growth
MRF/WTE reports and statics including migration
Sanitary recovery of recyclables exceeds forecasts.
Eradication of six open dump sites NSWMC annual
in participating LGUs out of 602 as reports Weak environmental
of 2013 law enforcement
Outcome By 2020: Annual reports of Assumptions

1. Improved 85% of solid waste collected and participating LGUs SWM agenda has
efficiency and disposed properly compared to ENRO been adopted as a
reliability of present average of 55% in national priority.
delivery of SWM participating LGUs NSWMC statistics
services LGUs are committed
50% of waste diversion in EMB regional to improve their SWM
participating LGUs compared to reports practice.
present national of 26% national
average waste diversion rate ADB completion Relevant institutions and
3R concept enforced at the reports mechanisms are in place
participating LGUs
60% of women practice LGUs annual report Risks
2. Sustained segregation and proper waste of waste Technology
participation of disposal at home disposal/Energy applications restricted
women in SWM production by existing policies
activities 60% of women are involved as
volunteers in IEC, advocacy and NSWMC statistics Land not available for
monitoring activities SLF and other SWM
facilities
Outputs
1. SWM priority By 2020: ADB project Assumptions
Infrastructure will 1.1 Construction of 6 SLF, MRFs completion report The 4 pilot LGUs
be implemented 1.2 Construction of 2 WTE systems NSWMC statistics endorse the SPAR
1.3 Closure of 5 existing dumpsites Performance and associated
SWM 1.4 Mining of 4 landfill sites report (based on budget
infrastructure 1.5 Full range of waste handling baseline survey Private sector is
completed equipment purchased for 8 data) prepared interested in
SWM LGUs by LGU managing and
Equipment and 1.6 2 WTE plant has been LGUs subproject operating WTE
goods implemented by PPP concept completion Womens access to
purchased 1.7 4 number of womens group reports and capability for
Working have established community MSWDO / entrepreneurship
women and based businesses out of Municipal SWM ensured
housewives recyclables Board annual Environmental and
2
Appendix 1
are reduced 1.8 All identified Affected Persons report social risks can be
burden from (APs) in Project areas (e.g., NSWMC statistic mitigated
engaging in waste pickers, and waste reports Risks
additional SWM sorters, among others) Private sector The 4 pilot LGUs do
activities assisted to engage in and LGU not subscribe to
outside of the alternative income-generating contracts Project design
home activities thru livelihood skills FGD and NIMBY
Low income training, micro- baseline study GOP does not
men and entrepreneurship, and job List of low income subscribe to sector
women are placement female and male reform initiatives
prioritized 1.9 Improvement of income headed relative to the Clean
/assisted for (minimum of 20% increase) of household Air Act
skills training APs with Project or at least List of Weak private sector
using restored to pre-Project levels participants to the involvement in SWM
recyclable 1.10 At least 70 % in each barangay livelihood skills financing,
materials and attend orientation meetings on training implementing and
have increased project mechanisms and benefit List of low income operation of
income 1.11 At least 50 % in each barangay female and male infrastructure
Low income attend leadership /planning household heads SWM fee not
men and workshops to develop plan for given capital applied and /or
women headed distributing tasks and activities assistance increased to meet
households among household members Trimestral O&M costs
willing to pay 1.12 At least one elder household monitoring report Other livelihood
for garbage fee member involved in SWM List of low income support for men and
Women activities at home female and male women households
community 1.13 100% of low income headed after livelihood skills
volunteers households through the 4 Ps household training are in-
SWM program of MSWDO are List of place
knowledge ,IEC identified participants to the Male- and female-
and advocacy 1.14 60% of low income women livelihood skills headed households
and /men are given livelihood skills training are convinced on
mobilization training List of low income SWM benefits and
skills 1.15 At least 60% of low income female and male comply with SWM
strengthened male/female households household heads ordinances.
LGU staff in received capital assistance for given capital Attendance to
charge with their business assistance trainings prioritized
SWM 1.16 At least 50 % of female and Trimestral GU male and female
capacitated in male headed household not monitoring report staff have the time
planning, willing to pay are reached and List of names of to attend trainings
implementing convinced during follow-up and those who are and
and monitoring monitoring visits to discuss full willing to pay
SWM gender project benefits and SWM garbage fees
sensitive SWM ordinances after follow up
approaches 1.17 At least 20 volunteers /SWM visits
advocates training needs Trimestral
identified monitoring report
1.18 All identified women volunteers List of women
attended SWM enhancement SWM volunteers
trainings or advocates
1.19 At least 60 % of LGU male and attended
female staff trained on gender enhanced SWM
sensitive approaches in the trainings
implementation of SWM Trimestral
1.20 SWM gender monitoring and monitoring report
evaluation instrument s and List of LGU Male
forms prepared for the conduct and female staff
3
Appendix 1
of monitoring activities trained on

Gender Sensitive
SWM approaches
Copy of SWM
gender
monitoring forms
Trimestral
monitoring report
2. Information, By 2020: Subproject Assumptions
Education, and At least 80% of rural and 70% progress reports Households are
Communication urban barangays men and women convinced on SWM
(IEC) and receive SWM awareness education IEC training benefits and comply
Knowledge by media and print, electronic, face- reports with SWM
Management to-face events. ordinances.
Risks
50 % of participants and at least Barabgay SWM Modern media info
50% of trainers are women dealing board record does not reach all
with SWM issues due to expensive
smart phones,
tablets, etc
3. Capacity
Building and 40 staffs are hired and technical PMO, LGU staff Assumptions
Enhancement and financial management, training records Audiences are
contacting and technical capacity willing to participate
training provided to PMO and 240 in SWM tailings well
staff for LGUs (50%-male-50% Risks
female staff trained) Specifically,
NSWNC, DENR-
NSWMC, DENR-EMB regional EMB training
Offices and National and Regional PMO, LGU staff requires also from
Ecological Centers all in all, 200 training records trainers a good
people receive training and PIMSC reports capacity to deliver
capacity-building data the proposed
management, information and education modules
knowledge management system,
strategic planning and policy
analysis of SWM (50%-male-50%
female staff trained)
4. Project PMO and technical and financial Project Monthly Assumptions
Implementation management improvement report/annual Project
and Non-Pilot Project design, bidding reports implementation
Management construction and commissioning performance is
Support GAP activities reasonable.
Environmental Monitoring reports Risks
Annual/Mid Term reviews Coming election
Project completion report may hinder the
project
implementation.
Activities with Milestones Inputs
1. SWM priority Infrastructure will be implemented
1.1 Consultants are recruited by June 2016 ADB loan: $70 million
1.2 Detailed Engineering design is prepared by December 2016 ADB grant: $1 million
1.3 First Contract awarded by December 2016 UEIF grant: $2 million
1.4 Land acquisition is completed by December 2016 Government: $22.13
1.5 Environmental clearance obtained ( before award contract) by Dec. 2016 million
4
Appendix 1
1.6 Civil works are commenced by January 2017

1.7 Infrastructure constructed, commissioned, and made operational in phases
between from January 2017 to March 2021
2. EC and Knowledge Management is conducted
2.1 Publicity initiatives for public awareness campaigns are conducted by
December 2016 to December 2018
2.2 Knowledge Management by January 2017 to December 2018
3. Capacity Building and Enhancement is improved
3.1 PMO and LGU trainings are completed by December 2016 to March 2019
3.2NSWMC, DENR-EMB regional and national, and Ecological Centers regional
and national training and capacity building are competed by December
2016 to March 2019
4. Project Implementation and Management Supports are provided
4.1 PMO technical and management support is completed by March 2011
4.2 Non-Pilot Project design, bidding, awarding, construction and
commissioning by March 2011
4.3 Gender Action Plan activities are implemented by March 2011
4.4 Implementation of income generating and livelihood projects for APs are
provided by March 2011
4.5 PMO manage project Implementation and monitoring by Marc 2011
4.6 Annual/Mid-Term review missions form December 2016 to March 2011
5
Problem Tree Analysis
APPENDIX 2
Appendix 2
Problem Tree Analysis
Deteriorating urban Poor public health Low urban

EFFECTS
environment and quality of life competitiveness
CORE
PROBLEM POOR SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
Inadequate
Lack of Suitable
Ineffective SW Low Compliance Institutional
CAUSES Land for SWM
Collection of RA 9003 capacity of NG
Facilities
and LGUs
Weak
Limited
Weak enforcement /
resources
enforcement at regulatory
(funds, NIMBY
NG and LGU capacities of
equipment,
levels LGUs and
expertise)
NGAs
Limited
Weak Ineffective/lack
Expensive knowledge of
enforcement of of Institutional
land/Lack of good practice in
NG and LGU structure at LGU
capital funding SWM and
level level
governance
Lack of cost
Insufficient
Changes in recovery
Low priority of coordination
leadership at strategies and
LGUs and knowledge
LGUs private sector
dissemination
participation
Appendix 3
External Assistance and Development

Coordination
APPENDIX 3
1
Appendix 3
EXTERNAL ASSISTANCE AND DEVELOPMENT COORDINATION

Asian Development Bank Assistance from July 1993June 20081
Date
Title Amount (U$ m)
Approved
A. Loans
Municipal Water Supply 25 Nov 1993 72.00
Small Towns Water Supply Sector Project 30 Sep1996 83.00
Regional Municipal Development Project 30 Aug 1995 198.20
Subic Bay Area Municipal Development Project 08 Dec 1997 37.00
Clark Area Municipal Development Project 15 Dec 1998 41.80
Metro Manila Air Quality Improvement Sector Development Program 1 Mar 1998 71.00
Pasig River Environmental Management and Rehabilitation Sector Development 20 Jul 2000 75.00
Program 27 Sep 2001 22.68
Mindanao Basic Urban Services Sector 14 Oct 2003 3.26
MWSS New Water Source Development 18 Dec 2003 30.5
Development of Poor Urban Communities 29 Sep 2005 24.03
SME Development Support 22 Nov 2005 150.00
Microfinance Development Program
Integrated Coastal Resource Management Project 2007-2013 51.71
Subtotal 860.18
B. Advisory Technical Assistance Grants
MWSS Operational Strengthening 1994 0.60
MWSS Privatization Support 1995 0.58
Private Sector Participation in Urban Development 1995 0.50
National Urban Policy Framework 1999 0.15
Institutional Strengthening Housing and Urban Development Sector 2000 0.15
Capacity Building for Regulatory Office of Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage 2001 0.80
System 2002 1.25
Metro Manila Solid Waste Management 2002 1.50
Capacity Building for Housing Microfinance 2008 0.10
Capacity Building for Housing Microfinance (Supplementary) 2008 0.50
Capacity Building e-Asia (Supplementary)
Subtotal 6.13
C. Project Preparatory Technical Assistance Grants
Manila North-East Water Supply (Supplementary) 1993 0.05
MWSS Water Supply Improvement Study 1993 0.58
Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector 1994 0.10
Infrastructure Improvement of Subic Bay Area Municipalities 1994 0.80
Pasig River Environmental Management and Rehabilitation 1996 0.80
Metro Manila Air Quality Improvement 1997 0.15
Mindanao Urban Planning and Basic Services Sector 1997 1.00
Development of Poor Urban Communities 1998 0.85
Metro Manila Urban Services for the Poor 1999 1.00
Development of Poor Urban Community (Supplementary) 2001 0.15
Metro Manila Urban Services for the Poor 2002 0.70
Metro Manila Urban Services for the Poor/Cities Alliance 2005 0.50
Philippine Basic Urban Services Sector Project 2008 0.85
Solid Waste Management Sector Project (SWMSP) TA 8115 2012 1.00
Subtotal 8.53
D. Japan Fund for Poverty Reduction Grants

On-Site Urban Upgrading for Vulnerable Slum Communities of Payatas 2000 1.00
Off-Site and Off-City Relocation of Vulnerable Slum Communities of Muntinlupa 2000 1.00
Strategic Private Sector Partnerships for Urban Poverty Reduction in Metro Manila 2002 3.60
Social Protection for Poor Women Vendors in Mindanao Cities 2002 1.00
Subtotal 6.60
Total 828.73
1
PHI SAR Urban August 2010
2
Appendix 3
MWSS = Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System, SME = small- and medium enterprise.
World Bank Assistance from 20072017

Date
Title Amount (U$ m)
Approved
Integrated Persistent Organic Pollutants Management Project 2010-2017 24.67

National Program Support to Environment and Natural Resources Management
Project (NPS-ENRMP) 2007-2012 57.00
Laguna de Bay Institutional Strengthening and Community Participation Project
(LISCOP) 2013-2014 12.45
Total
Japan Bank for International Cooperation Assistance from 19952015

Date
Title Amount
Approved
Formulation of Ecological SWM Plan for LGUs 2002- 2003 48.9

Local Government Units Support Credit Program (LGUSCP) 1995- 2005 11.71 BN Yen
Support for Strategic Local Development and Investment Project (S2LDIP) 2008- 2012 24,846 M Yen
Environmental Development Project 2010- 2015
Total
Other Assistance from 20022012

Date
Title Amount
Approved
Construction of Sanitary Landfill (Spanish Govt. via AECID) 2009- 2010 1.5 M EUR
Credit Line for Solid Waste Management (KfW) 2005- 2009 16.5 M EUR
Establishment of Ecological Solid Waste Management System in
Three (3) Cities (JICA) 2007- 2010 366 M Yen
Solid Waste Management For LGUs (SWM4LGUs) (GTZ) 2005-2012 2 M EUR
Philippine Environmental Governance Project (ECOGOV) (US AID) 2001- 2012 19.00USD
Public and Private Sectors Convergence for Solid Waste Co-operation
Governance on Urban Poor Communities (UNDP) 2002- 2004
Community Based Ecological Solid Waste Management
Project (CBESWMP) (UNDP_JICA_AUSTRALIA) 2002- 2005 0.3
Total
A. Institutional Arrangements and Processes for Development Coordination

B. Summary of Urban Development Program Interventions
C. International Financing Institutions
D.
World Bank Assists national and local governments to develop sustainable cities, which are
livable, competitive, well governed and managed, and bankable. Four main
activities in the urban sector: (i) formulation of national urban strategies; (ii) support
to city development strategies; (iii) scaling-up programs of services for the poor;
and (iv) enhanced assistance for capacity-building. The aim of its urban and local
government strategy is to promote sustainable cities and towns by improving the
3
Appendix 3
lives of the poor and promoting equity, while contributing to the progress of the
country as a whole. Urban development programs support four major themes
access to urban services for the poor, municipal finance, municipal governance
and institution building, and other urban development
International Supports the expansion and attraction of private investment to infrastructure
Finance through investment and advisory services for the private sector. Infrastructure
Corporation eligible for financing includes airlines, airports, buses, logistics, ports, ports
services, power, railways, shipping, toll services, water, and gas. Also helping local
banks explore energy efficiency financing as part of its response to climate change.
Through its SME Banking Initiative, developing strategic partnerships with local
banks to allow small and medium enterprises greater access to credit.
KfW German Financial cooperation focuses on social and economic infrastructure, financial
Development systems and resource protection. Three priority areas have been identified: (i)
Bank sustainable economic developmentincluding development of the financial sector,
the private sector and vocational training; (ii) environmental and resource
protectionincluding forest development, sewage and waste disposal and
renewable energies; and (iii) healthcare, family planning, and HIV/AIDS prevention.
Australian Overall strategy is to improve prospects for economic growth, poverty reduction,
Agency for and national stability. Support for infrastructure development focuses on: (i)
International improving poor people's access to essential infrastructure such as water supply
Development and sanitation, transportation and energy; (ii) assisting the creation of enabling
environments for private and public financing and management of infrastructure;
and (iii) supporting human resources development, institutional strengthening and
capacity building in the infrastructure sector. Programs for infrastructure involve
financing infrastructure maintenance and upgrading in poor areas; supporting
communities effective participation and monitoring infrastructure investments; and
technical and systems support for governments to plan, finance, build, and
maintain infrastructure.
United States Five main programs: (i) Economic development and governance supports
Agency for improvements in judicial efficiency and in government policy and administration,
International and promotion of innovations in trade and investment. (ii) Energy and environment
Development focuses on energy sector performance, environmental governance and urban
environmental management. (iii) Family health - to enhance capacity of provinces,
cities, municipalities and the private sector to provide quality health services. (iv)
Conflict reduction help consolidate peace in Mindanao through: development of
needed economic infrastructure, expansion of economic opportunity in conflict-
affected areas, and improvement of governance and social services. (v) Education
aims at increasing the access to education and livelihood.
Canadian Technical assistance to local governments to improve the delivery of services to
International the poor and enhance the participation by local communities in setting
Development development plans in areas such as investment, taxation, and social services. The
Agency (CIDA objectives of CIDAs strategy are to: (i) foster efficient, responsive, transparent and
accountable governance at all levels; and (ii) support the development of
sustainable small and medium-sized enterprises that create more, better, and
decent jobs for both men and women. A major technical assistance initiative is the
local government support program- local economic development component
Swedish Development cooperation focused on democratic governance and greater respect
International for human rights; and natural resources and the environment. Support is mainly
Cooperation provided through major multilateral donors, including the World Bank and United
Agency Nations bodies and to Swedish agencies and institutions in contract-financed
technical cooperation. No infrastructure projects have been funded except for
technical assistance and policy reforms relating to water and sanitation, and
4
Appendix 3
environmental management.
European Union Development co-operation covers broad-based equitable growth, capacity and
institution building, private sector development, social services, environment, good
governance and human rights. No specific strategy for urban development, and
development co-operation policy and international action generally supports the
attainment of the Millennium Development Goals.
Japan Official development assistance loans support economic growth focusing on (i)
International strengthening economic structures and helping overcome the bottlenecks for
Cooperation sustainable economic growthprojects include transport, such as roads and
Agency bridges, railways, air transport, port, maritime and shipping; energy sectors, and
development financestrengthening of industrial structure; (ii) reducing poverty
and regional disparitiesassists in regional development activities, agriculture,
irrigation, fishing industry, fishing ports, water supply and sewerage; (iii)
environmental protection and disaster mitigation, including flood control; and (iv)
human resource developmentelementary and secondary education. Policy-
based financing supports five thematic areasenvironment, energy and natural
resources, international business development, catalyzing international finance and
knowledge assistance. Eligible sectorsroads and bridges, railways, port and
maritime shipping, air transport, power and energy, development finance,
regional/industrial special economic zones, agriculture, water and sanitation,
environment, flood control, and education.
Korean Export- Targets projects to reduce poverty and promote economic development
Import Bank specifically, rural development, education, infrastructureroads, bridges, power
plants, airports, and railways, health, and the environment.
Government of Enhances cooperation, including the North Rail and the South Rail projects under
China Philippines-China Bilateral Agreements, 19752007 infrastructure
Asian Improving the urban environment through capacity development and financing
Development focusing on water and sanitation, solid waste management, urban transport, urban
Bank renewal and basic services for the poor, and multi-sector interventions
E. Summary and Recommendations
1. Resources issues: Several donors, including but not limited to CIDA, SIDA, NDF,
USAID, UNDP, GTZ, and NGOs, have provided LGUs with TA programs to strengthen their
capacity so far. Under the RA 9003 City/Municipality is obligated to develop SWM Plan that shall
ensure the long-term management of solid waste, as well as integrate the various solid waste
management plans and strategies of the barangays in its area of jurisdiction
F. Referceses
ADB. TA 7062: Philippines Basic Urban Services Sector Project, 2009.

1
The Municipal Development Fund Office (MDFO) of the Department of Finance (DOF) maintains a small portfolio of
lending operations as well, and is channeling government subsidies to LGUs through a mix of loan-grant assistance.
1
See ADB TA 3476PHI: Institutional Strengthening of Housing and Urban Development Sector. This TA
recommended the strengthening of HUDCC, and its ultimate conversion to a full-fledged Department.
1
World Bank. 2005. Philippines: Meeting Infrastructure Challenges. Manila. Chapter 7 - Water Supply and Sanitation;
CONCEP. 2005. Metro IloiloGuimaras Integrated Urban and Regional Infrastructure Plan (MIG-02). Water
Resources Profile for Metro Iloilo and Guimaras. AusAID, CIDA, and World Bank. Manila. December.
1
Explanatory Note, Senate Bill 1688, 4th Congress of the Republic of the Philippines: An Act to Make Road Traffic
Safety Rules and Signs a Separate subject and Compulsory at Grade 6 and 4th Year High School Level.
1
Housing and Urban Development Coordinating Council (HUDCC). National Urban Development and Housing
Framework, 20092016. Manila.
5
Appendix 3
1
Metropolitan Cebu Water Supply Project; Municipal Water Supply Project; Manila South Water Distribution Project;
Angat Water Supply Optimization Project; Subic Bay Municipal Development Project.
1
ADB. 2006. Urban Sector and Strategy Operations. Special Evaluation Study. Manila (June).
1
Loan 1367-PHI Philippine Regional Municipal Development Project; Loan 1599-PHI Subic Bay Area Management
Project; and Loan 1658-PHI Clark Area Municipal Development Project.
1
ADBs Loan 2387-PHI: Local Government Financing and Budget Reform Program (LGFBR) focuses on fiscal
aspects of local government unit (LGU) reform, targeting (i) improved shares, timeliness and transparency in the
release of local government revenues and grants; (ii) deepening reforms in fiscal management, planning, and public
expenditure management by enhancing efficiency and accountability; (iii) enhancing effectiveness and transparency
in the delivery of critical public services at the local level through performance measurement. The LGBRF supports
policy reforms which will help overcome the binding constraints in revenue mobilization, improve intergovernmental
fiscal relationships and the regulatory framework for access to private sources of financing, and stimulate better own-
source revenue generation. This reform agenda will provide the framework for supporting public infrastructure
investments at LGU level.
1
Refers to problems in right-of-ways and involuntary resettlement, prolonged process and time-consuming
procedures for procurement, inexperienced executing agencies and serious lack of project preparation and
implementation facilities and capacity at both national and LGU levels.
1
Loan 1843-PHI: Mindanao Basic Urban Services Sector Project, for $33.4 million, approved on 27 September 2001.
1
Serious conflicts arose between LBP and Department of Interior and Local Government under MBUSSP which were
not conducive to project implementation.
1
Loan 2063-PHI: Development of Poor Urban Communities Project, for $30.2 million, approved on 18 December
2003.
1
JFPR: Strategic Private Sector Partnerships for Urban Poverty Reduction (STEP-UP) has three components: (i)
strategic partnership building to promote corporate involvement and public-private sector partnerships for site-
specific urban poverty reduction initiatives; (ii) funds for housing improvement, livelihood, and community
infrastructure; and (iii) risk reduction and management that include physical design of houses, small infrastructure
projects to protect communities from floods and typhoons, and educational activities. The Project was implemented
by Philippine Business for Social Progressan NGO representing a conglomerate of corporate social responsibility
programs of 158 Filipino corporations supporting business sector involvement in social development. STEP-UP was
preceded by two other JFPRs: On-Site Urban Upgrading for Vulnerable Slum Communities in Payatas (2000); and
Off-Site and Off-City Relocation for Vulnerable Slum Communities of Muntinlupa City (2001).
1
ADB. 2008. Urban Sector in the Philippines. Rapid Sector Assistance Program Evaluation. Manila. (March), p.9;
ADB. 2008. Water Supply and Sanitation Sector in the Philippines. Rapid Sector Assistance Program Evaluation.
Manila. (April).
1
ADB.2008. Strategy 2020: The Long-Term Strategic Framework of the Asian Development Bank 20082020 Manila.
1
In line with Strategy 2020, ADB will employ its financial and institutional resources in the five core areas:
infrastructure, environment, regional cooperation and integration, finance sector development, and education.
1
Economic infrastructure is broadly defined to comprise investments that are revenue-generating such as transport
terminals, municipal markets and public transit systems.
1
Environmental infrastructure comprises infrastructure and services that positively impact the environment and
human health and welfare such as water supply and sanitation, solid waste management, flood control and drainage.
1
While a single subsector focus is intended, there may be scope to design projects that include interrelated
subsectors, such as water supply and sanitation or municipal markets and public transport terminals.
1
This document defines ADB support for urban competitiveness to be through economic infrastructure, namely
municipal markets and public transport terminals. However, ADB will also support urban competitiveness through
economic infrastructure investments in roads, bus rapid transit systems, and energy. ADB's interventions in these
subsectors are more fully described in the assessment, strategy and roadmap (ASR) for the transport and energy
sectors, respectively.
1
ADB's support for sustainable communities, as described in this document, concentrates on solid waste
management, water supply and sanitation, flood control, primarily in secondary cities. ADB's operational strategy for
large-scale water supply, sanitation, and flood control projects is described in the ASR for the water sector.
6
Appendix 4.
Philippine SWM Sector Project Profile

APPENDIX 4
1
Appendix 4.
PHILIPPINE SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SECTOR PROJECT
PROJECT PROFILE
A. Project's Rationale, Location and Beneficiaries

1. The Philippine Solid Waste Management Sector Project (PSWMSP) will improve solid
waste management (SWM) services in the Philippines by assisting local governments with
investments in related infrastructure such as sanitary landfills (SLF), landfill rehabilitation, dump
site closure, emission control, material recovery facilities, solid waste collection, processing
equipment, and waste-to-energy (WTE) technologies. The project will also be complemented by
institutional capacity development and technical assistance.
2. This project will help to improve the quality of life and urban environmental conditions to
(i) achieve the environmental targets of the Philippine Development Plan (PDP) 2011-2016, (ii)
support the strategic objectives of the National Development Plan 20112016, and (iii) help
implement the recently approved National Solid Waste Management Strategy 20112016. The
strategy complements the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act, otherwise known as the
Republic Act (RA) 9003 to support economic development, competitiveness, and well-being in
the Philippines though sustainable SWM.
3. The Philippines ranks as the 12th most populated country in the world with a population
of almost 100 million, more than 60% of which resides in urban areas. A rapid population growth
has resulted in a population increase of over 2 million every year since 2000, which requires a
new 150 hectare (ha) size sanitary landfill each year just to fill the gap. Since 2000, only 55
sanitary landfills have been constructed with total landfill area of less than 300 has, and many of
these have turned into open dumps. As a summary the Philippines dispose more waste than
ever before to open dumpsites1, rivers and lakes.
4. SWM is a pervasive problem and a looming crisis in many urban areas in the
Philippines. For decades, SWM has focused on collection and hauling, not on waste treatment
and disposal, and has become very expensive. Many well-meaning projects, laws, rules and
regulations have achieved little so far. Local government units (LGUs) are facing a massive
challenge in managing rapid and largely unplanned urban growth. Absence of land-use plans
and overall town planning have resulted in repeated solid waste problems followed by ad-hoc
site designation for landfills and dump sites.
5. After 13 years of RA 9003, continuing challenges exist in solid waste collection,
establishment of material recovery facilities (MRF), and promotion of 3R practices, the lack of
enforcement of the basic requirements of RA 9003, open dumpsites and poor solid waste
diversion.
6. Urban development is a continuing process of economic, social, technological and
financial interventions to stimulate efficient growth and ultimately, a better living environment.
Over the past decades, the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR),
Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG), and other agencies including
international donors have challenged LGUs to improve their SWM infrastructure and
management, providing a great variety of financing modalities. While funding support to the
1
NSWMC: 946 open or controlled dumpsites
2
Appendix 4.
sector in recent years has progressively increased, many projects and loans have been
cancelled. Despite high expectations in the beginning about project and program outcomes, too
little has been achieved. To this end, the proposed project supporting the Governments
strategic objectives for the waste management sector was developed using lessons from
previous ADB interventions2 and recent DENR3 experience in LGU loan projects.
7. The proposed implementation arrangements are built on innovative institutional and
financial arrangements to encourage LGUs to improve their SWM systems and achieve
significant improvement and sustainability in the coming years.
8. Through the national government, ADBs financial assistance to the sector provides
about a dozen LGUs with US$72 million for project implementation, which is approximately 1-
2% of the total sector demand. The sector project includes a pilot project with a WTE
component which will play a catalytic role over the next six years to (i) minimize waste disposal
to SLF, (ii) extend existing SLF life span from 7 to 20 years, (iii) widen the private sector role in
municipal SWM, and (iv) global emission reduction4 contributing to climate change with 726 kg
CO2 eq per ton of waste.
9. The project is in line with ADBs Philippines Country Partnership Strategy 5 and the
strategic thrust of ADB's urban operations in the Philippines. The operational strategy supports
sustainable urban economic growth and development. ADB will align its future operations with
three of the five elements of the strategyurban competitiveness, sustainable communities,
and performance-oriented governancewhich call for economically 6 viable, environmentally
sustainable, and socially acceptable solutions for SWM.
10. Location. The PSWMS Project comprises the entire the islands of the Philippines with
1,635 urban and rural communities. Four pilot LGUs have been selected for the Project
Preparatory Technical Assistance (PPTA) which covers the preparation of 10-year solid waste
management plans and subproject feasibility studies for (i) clustered LGUs with a host
municipality such as Janiuay in Iloilo province on the island of Panay; ii) tourist destinations in
Del Carmen, Siargao Island in Surigao Del Norte and Boracay island in the municipality of
Malay, Aklan Province; and iii) a stand-alone project in La Trinidad, Benguet Province from
January to December 2013. The selection of pilot areas was conducted in cooperation with
DENR Foreign Assisted and Special Projects Office and the Environmental Mamagement
Bureau.
11. In general, this project benefits the health and living conditions of citizens of the recipient
municipalities as well as the global human population through GHG emission reductions. The
2
According to ADB, almost all ADB-funded urban projects have had loan cancellations due to slow disbursement
process or projects have not been completed in time.
3
Monitoring and Evaluation Report of WB Laguna De Bay Institutional Strengthening and Community Participation
Project (LISCOP) dated on 22 March 2013; (i) Poor perforce in SWM components; (i) All in all, 11 Local Government
Units (LGUs) out of 21 LGUs around Laguna Lake will be participated in LISCOP by the end of the remaining one-
year implementation period; (iii) Delay in disbursement of around two months; (iv) less than half will be used from US
$10Million loan. Sub-project types include also material recovery facilities, sanitary landfill, flood control, wastewater
treatment facility, reforestation and eco-tourism enhancement. According to the Report after one-year operation
already 75% of MRFs are non operational due to the lack of technical capability, and poor quality of equipment,
or/and MRF sites are bailing up waste and recyclables turning sites to open dumps. Similarly, only one SLF located
in Bayawan Municipality is operational from KfW long-term support to the Philippines SWM.
4
PPTA 8115 PHI
5
The ADB Country Partnership Strategy 20112016 extends assistance to the key sectors that are expected to
receive high priority under the Philippine Development Plan 20112016.
6
ADB Strategy 2020 defines that economic infrastructure covers with investments that are revenue-generating such
as transit system or municipal market. WTE will play a same role in the future municipal infrastructure development.
Furthermore, it will divert positive economic impact on the environment and human health and welfare improvement.
3
Appendix 4.
project will also pave the way for WTE in all major urban cities. The investment program will
enable an environment for enhanced economic activities and job opportunities, specifically for
the poor and the socially excluded such as waste pickers. The SWM sector can become an
additional catalyst for growth and broad-based development while addressing poverty reduction
and producing high economic returns through resource and energy recovery infrastructure.
B. Impact and Outcome
12. The expected impact of the Project will be improved public health and well-being of
citizens of the recipient municipalities through reduction of environmental pollution, while the
outcome will be improved efficiency and reliable delivery of SWM services for residents in the
recipient LGUs, including the poor women and men, and moreover, local and global impact of
CO2 emission reductions of MSW thermal treatment, waste segregation and through landfill
management.
13. The projects institutional development component will focus on capacity building,
training, public awareness, and community development to improve SWM practices. The project
will further enhance capacities of the urban areas to attract more investments in WTE, increase
productivity, and create an enabling environment for higher economic growth and global GHG
reduction. The design and monitoring framework (DMF) is in Appendix 1.
C. Outputs
Output 1: Priority Infrastructure Investments in SWM
14. The project will follow the priorities identified during the study period from January to
November 2013 for investments in SWM sector infrastructure improvement at the pilot LGUs.
The project outputs will include the following:
Sub-project of Del Carmen
Sub-Component 1: Acquisition of two waste collection vehicles. Two dump trucks,
each with a capacity at least 10 m3 will be acquired. These additional vehicles will facilitate
expansion of the coverage into the rural barangays and increase the number of collection
trips in the entire Siargao Island.
Sub-Component 2: Acquisition of HPDE 250 waste bins. 250 units with 1.1m3 capacity
HDPE bins will be acquired. This will facilitate temporary storage of segregated waste prior
to collection. Currently, waste has been collected in sacks by the roads.
Sub-Component 3: Acquisition of SLF and MRF Equipment. The equipment will include
a bulldozer of blade capacity at least 1.6 m3and a weighbridge of capacity at least 20 t for
the SLF and a wheel loader of capacity at least 1.3 m3 for the MRF.
Sub-Component 4: Construction of a Category 2 SLF and a Central MRF. A 2 ha SLF
will be located in a 4 ha site in Sitio Boyhogon, Barangay Cancoho. It will be progressively
developed into two cells and containment area with an effective capacity of about 120,000
m3 net of the space to be occupied by the soil cover. The Central MRF will be housed in a
360 m2 building complete with hopper, conveyor and trommel set for sorting capacity of
about 2 t/hr.
Sub-Component 5: Closure of Existing Dumpsite. The existing dumpsite covers an area
of about 5,000 m2. Dumping has not been done systematically, waste is gathered on the
vast area consisting mainly of mixed wastes. There is no leachate formation. Closure will
include systematic clean up of other area and removal of remaining waste from dump site to
SLF.
4
Appendix 4.
Sub-project of Janiuay
each with a capacity of 10m3-13 m3, will be acquired. These additional vehicles will
facilitate expansion of the coverage to the rural barangays and increase the number of
collection trips.
Sub-Component 2: Acquisition of 270 waste bins. The HDPE bins will have 240- liter
capacity. These will facilitate temporary storage of segregated waste prior to collection
and complement the currently available, 100-liter plastic bins being used by the LGU.
Sub-Component 3: Acquisition of SLF Equipment. The equipment will include a

bulldozer and a weigh bridge.
Sub-Component 4: Construction of MRF with power substation. The MRF will

occupy 900 m2 section of the 6.2 hectare lot allotted for the SLF in Barangay Caraudan.
It will be designed to process 15 to 30 tons of waste per day in an 8-hour shift using a
combination of mechanical and manual processing. The MRF will be used to recover
the recyclables from the collected waste. The substation will be used to connect the
MRF and the SLF to the grid.
Sub-Component 5: Construction of a Category 2 Sanitary Landfill. The SLF will be

located in a 6.2 hectare lot in Barangay Caraudan. It will be progressively developed into
two cells with an effective capacity of 346,000 m3 net of the space to be occupied by the
soil cover.
Sub-Component 6: Closure of Gibolo dumpsite. The Gibolo dumpsite covers an area

of about 4,500 m2 and is expected to have an accumulated waste of about 7,500 tons.
Closure will include: removal of waste from barangay road, grading and compaction,
slope modification, application of soil cover, drainage control and leachate collection
Sub-project of Malay/Boracay
Sub-Component 1: Landfill Mining at Balabag, Manoc-Manoc and Yapak. This will
consist of:(i) mobilization and site preparation; (ii) excavation and recovery of recyclables
and high energy value materials; (iii) cleaning of Balabag, Manoc-Manoc and Yapac; (iv)
preparation of transportable bales (1.2 m x 0.85 m x1.1 m) of 47,100m3; (v) storing
20,000 bales and transporting and storing 9,000 bales to Manoc-Manoc; (vi) managing
incoming waste over a period of six (6) months to Manoc-Manoc (10,550 m3) and to
Balabag (20,000 m3); (vii) preparation of transportable bales 9,200 m3; (viii) storing
3,600 bales and transporting and storing 5,600 bales to Manoc-Manoc; (ix) transporting
fines and residues of 14,950 m3 to Kabulihan SLF; and (x) remediation of Yapac MRF
site, application of soil cover of 400 m3 and greening an area of 1,400 m2.Annex 3,
Cost of Landfill Mining.
Sub-Component 2: Construction of a WTE at Manoc-Manoc and MRF at Balabag.
This output will include:(i) the procurement and installation of mechanical/manual
processing facility (MRF) with the design capacity of 50 tpd; (ii) procurement and
installation of a waste-to-energy (WTE) plant with an estimated 1 MW electricity output,
consisting of a thermal waste treatment unit and heat/energy conversion unit; and (iii)
procurement and installation of a sub-station to connect the WTE plant to the power
network. Annex 4 Power Purchase Agreement, Annex 5 Balabag MRF.
5
Appendix 4.
Sub-Component 3: Construction of a New Cell to Kabulihan SLF. This will consist

of: (i) the installation of a gate, fencing and lighting of the area, surface water drainage
system and internal road; (ii) cell with HDPE lining and leachate collection system; (iii)
procurement of landfill equipment; and (iv) construction of a leachate circulation system.
Sub-Component 4: Waste Collection and Hauling Logistics. This will consist of: (i)
the purchase of barge for hauling of waste and recyclables from Boracay to Caticlan; (ii)
purchase of four (4) brand new compaction trucks of 5 m3 capacity; (iii) two (2) brand-
new open trucks with a capacity of 8-10 m3; and (iv) purchase of 450 pieces of 240-liter
capacity HDPE waste bins.
Sub-Component 5: Acquisition of SWM equipment. This will consist of: (i) the
purchase of bulldozer for SLF operation in Kabulihan; (ii) a weigh bridge for the
mechanized MRF in Manoc-Manoc; and (iii) four (4) payloaders, three (3) forklift, four
(4) weighing scales and two (2) standard tool sets for MRF operations in Balabag and
Manoc-Manoc.
Sub-Component 6: The MRF will occupy about 900 m2 area in Katiclan. It will be
designed to process 10 tons of waste per day in an 8-hour shift using a combination of
mechanical and manual processing. The MRF will be used to recover the recyclables
from the collected waste. It will mainly support increasing waste generation at the entry
point of Boracay
Sub-project of La Trinidad Municipality

Sub-Comp 1: Acquisition of waste collection vehicles. Eight (8) compaction trucks
(each with 5m3 capacity) and two (2) skip trucks will be acquired. These additional
vehicles will facilitate replacement of the aging fleet of dump and compaction trucks.
Sub-Comp 2: Acquisition waste bins. 620 waste bins and 6 skip bins will be acquired.
HDPE bins with 1.1m3 capacity and steel skip bins with 8m3 capacity will be acquired.
These bins will facilitate temporary storage of segregated waste prior to collection and
complement the currently available, 100-liter plastic bins being used by the LGU.
Sub-Comp 3: Acquisition of SLF equipment. The equipment will include a bulldozer
and leachate pumps
Sub-Comp 4: Modernization and upgrading of the compost plant. This includes the
installation of a new piping system to increase air supply and improve conveyance of
leachate from composting boxes through the addition of six (6) aerated composting
boxes to existing compost plant, increasing the amount of blowers and application of a
more appropriate blowing/suction concept.
Sub-Comp 5: Acquisition of compost equipment. The equipment to be acquired
include a trailer, tools, sieve drum, wheel loader, shredder, and watering pump.
Sub-Comp 6: Acquisition of Barangay MRFs. Establishment of 5 Clustered Barangay
level MRFs consisting of a semi-automated MRF equipped with two Eco Compost
Receptacle systems. One centralized MRF unit shall process MSW from the five most
urbanized barangays directed to the Alno SLF.
Sub-Comp 7: Construction of a category 2 Cell III. The Cell is located in a 9.6 hectare
(ha) lot in Barangay Alno. SLF size is 2.7 ha. It will be progressively developed into four
cells with an effective capacity of 350,000 m3 net of the space to be occupied by the soil
cover. Cell III construction alos consists of an installation of weighing bridge.
6
Appendix 4.
Sub-Comp 8: Landfill mining. Landfill mining shall be one of the first measures to be
implemented before the rehabilitation of Cell I. Through the process, recyclables,
combustible fractions and soil shall be recovered and sufficient space shall be freed up,
consequently extending the life span of the cell from 7 to 12 years. This includes
excavation and processing of 21,140 tons of waste, backfilling of 11,800 m, and
preparing 28,990 bales (650kg/pc) for intermediate storage or transportation to a
thermo/energy recovery facility.
Sub-Comp 9: Rehabilitation of access road to Alno SLF. This includes the
rehabilitation of the access road to the Alno SLF spanning 750m. The road was
established within the compound of the Alno Sanitary Landfill which is owned by the
municipal government. The access road shall be rehabilitated to qualify as an 'all
weather' road, with width of at least 4 m, and is well passable even during the rainy
season.
Sub-Comp 10: Rehabilitation of Cell I. To operationalize Cell I after landfill mining the
following measures have to be taken; (i) proper site investigation to confirm activities to
be carried out; (ii) rehabilitation of the existing un-reinforced retention wall; (iii)
rehabilitation of leachate dewatering ditch; (iv) rehabilitation of leachate treatment
facility; and (v) construction of leachate circulation or/and treatment system.
Output 2: Information, Education, and Communication (IEC) and Knowledge Management
15. The minimum target of the IEC plan for the PSWMSP is to make the participating pilot
municipalities fully comply with RA 9003. The situation in most of the pilot areas reflects
nationwide findings of the NSWMC of low public awareness and poor motivation to practice
waste avoidance and 3Rs.
16. Additionally, IEC tools will help persuade the participating LGUs to invest in a long-term
SWM solution that is environment-friendly, efficiently managed, technology-driven, and socially
acceptable to the affected communities.
17. Another target of IEC is to explain why some pilot areas must implement SWM across a
cluster of adjacent municipalities to achieve economies of scale.
18. The IEC strategies that the project will adopt optimize print media, electronic media, and
face-to-face events, while the IEC capabilities of those who will carry out and sustain the
communication strategy at the municipal, LGU cluster, and provincial levels will also be
enhanced.
19. Knowledge management will involve organizing symposia, case studies, and online
discussion groups to promote a formal community of practice that will monitor and report the
LGUs progress in: compliance, enforcement, and recognition; sustainable SWM financing;
SWM technology, innovation, and research; related economic opportunities; organizational
development and enhanced inter-agency collaboration; and cross-cutting issues that include
good governance, caring for vulnerable groups, and reducing disaster and climate change risks.
20. A communication work plan covering 24 months from January 2014 to Dec 2015 will
chart specific IEC tools and activities, their target audiences, budgets and indicators of
successful implementation.
Output 3: Capacity Building and Enhancement
21. While most of the key enabling policies and management plans are already in place at
both national and local levels, failures in the effectiveness of the delivery of SWM services could
be attributed to poor access to updated and accurate SWM information and knowledge sources;
7
Appendix 4.
weak technical knowledge, information and capacity and access to new and emerging SWM
technologies and a SWM database of information and knowledge systems; and lack of training
modules/programmes on SWM technical approaches, systems and processes.
22. Based on these core areas for improving technical and operation capacities of local and
national implementing agencies, the recommended areas for strengthening and improvement in
both technical and operational capacities of the key national and local implementing agencies
are outlined below.
23. The proposed training and capacity building for SWM national implementing
agencies/bodies are as follows:
a. NSWMC Secretariat:
i. Strengthen the establishment of an integrated and national and regional
SWM database and information and knowledge management system.
ii. Strengthen strategic policy research and analysis of SWM issues and
challenges, including conduct of primary surveys/research and
projections/scenario building or modeling exercises.
iii. Strengthen strategic planning and management.
b. DENR-EMB/Regional offices:
i. Revision and evaluation of the conduct and analysis of WACS module for
LGUs to include calorific value content analysis.
ii. Strengthening and establishment of an open, publicly accessible integrated
national/regional SWM database and knowledge management information
system.
iii. Revision and upgrading of air quality and water quality monitoring
standards for SWM and WTEs.
iv. Strengthening and improvement of local field staff capacity for technical and
standards monitoring and enforcement.
c. NECs/RECs:
i. Updating and revision of trainers training module/assistance to LGUs for
WACS in cooperation with DENR/EMB units.
ii. Updating and revision of trainers training module for SWM plan preparation
and formulation in cooperation with DENR/EMB units.
24. The proposed training and capacity building for SWM local implementing agencies/bodies
are as follows:
i. Enhanced conduct and analysis of WACS.
ii. Enhanced preparation and formulation of SWM plans.
iii. Technical analysis and evaluation of appropriate and alternative SWM
facility options, detailed SWM systems and facility design and engineering,
operations and management, among others.
iv. Technical review, preparation and conduct of contract negotiations for
SWM joint venture, service contract/procurement, and PPP options.
v. Technical support in the establishment and operations of an LGU SWM
corporate entity or body.
vi. Improvement in the technical monitoring and evaluation capacity of local
LGU staff (i.e., MENRO, Engineering/General Services Offices) of
environmental, physical, engineering and technical standards and criteria.
8
Appendix 4.
vii. SWM site visits and technology familiarization seminars/workshops/fairs

(local and regional.)
Output 4: Project Implementation and Management Support
25. Project Implementation and Management Support Consultant (PIMSC). Project
implementation assistance and management Support consists of consulting services for project
management including design, construction supervision, assistance on procurement and
disbursement, benefit monitoring and evaluation systems, and other necessary technical,
economic, financial, legal, and management advice.
26. The scope of work of the SWM PIMSC Team shall cover the provision of expert
technical adviser and support to the PMO in the review and evaluation of submitted LGU SWM
project proposals under the SWMSP grant/loan facility.
27. The SWM PIMSC team shall provide expert inputs and specialist information to the PMO
and appropriate agencies on the different aspects of a economically viable and sustainable solid
waste management programe from the technical and data analysis, identification and
preparation of project proposals or feasibility studies for a SWM project, including WTE options,
detailed engineering design and standards, financing schemes and business plans, contracting
and procurement of services, legal/institutional and administrative structures and arrangements
from the proposed LGU SWM projects.
28. The team shall also be expected to provide over-all project management support to the
PMO including formulation and development of project management plan, monitoring and
evaluation, IEC and communication/marketing, financial management and grant facility
administration.
D. Income and Livelihood Restoration/Involuntary Resettlement
29. Land Acquisition and Involuntary Resettlement. The four pilot subprojects do not
involve any land acquisition as identified infrastructure investments (construction and/or
rehabilitation of SLF, MRF and WTE facility) will be carried out entirely on government-owned or
government-leased property. There are also no affected households in the Del Carmen and
Malay/Aklan subprojects as no non-land assets or existing livelihood and income-generating
activities will be temporarily or permanently affected by subproject investments.
30. However, project activities in the two remaining subprojects (i.e. for the Janiuay
subproject, closure of the existing dumpsite in the municipality and strict implementation of no
mixed-waste dumping in the La Trinidad subproject) will have both direct and indirect adverse
picking activities in the existing dumpsites
31. Indigenous Peoples (IP). There are no IP in Siargao Island (where the Del Carmen
subproject is located) and thus no subproject impacts on IP. Although there are IP (Bukidnon
Tribe and Aetas) residing in the municipality of the Janiuay subproject, they are in the more
mountainous areas and not where the project civil works will be carried out. There are no
affected IP households in the Janiuay subproject. Boracay Island (Malay/Boracay subproject) is
home to the Ati (also referred to as Aetas) indigenous group, and they have a Certificate of
Ancestral Domain Title (CADT) over a 2.1-hectare area in Barangay Manoc-Manoc. However,
subproject civil works will not overlap with their ancestral domain and there are no affected IP
households for the subproject. The livelihoods of 25 IP households (21 Ibaloi, 2 Ifugao, and 1
Kalanguya) who engage in waste picking will be affected due to project activities in the La
Trinidad subproject; however, waste picking is not a traditional livelihood source of the IP and
9
Appendix 4.
the impacts will be addressed as part of income restoration measures described in the
subproject resettlement plan.
40. RP Implementation Arrangements. The owner of the project is DENR, the Executing
Agency; therefore, it has over-all responsibility for the successful implementation of
resettlement. An Inter-Agency Project Steering Committee (IPSC)7, to be chaired by the DENR
Secretary or designated Supervising Undersecretary, will be established to provide policy
guidance, accomplish reform measures, oversee project implementation and ensure
cooperation of all agencies involved in the Project.
41. DENR will be assisted by a number of offices; namely, the Project Management Office
(PMO) that is tasked with undertaking the Project. The PMO will work closely with the LGUs, as
the latter will take primary responsibility for implementation of any required Resettlement Plans
(for subprojects with land acquisition and resettlement impacts) and corrective action plans, as
needed.
42. Resettlement-related tasks of DENR include: (i) Monitor and evaluate the progress of
activities under the RP by way of coordination with the LGU; and, (ii) Report to ADB progress of
activities, and feedback to LGU comments and suggestions from ADB.
43. Project Management Office. The PMO will be responsible for (i) overall project
planning, day-to-day implementation, management, monitoring and supervision; (ii) reporting to
the IPSC, DENR and ADB, (iii) conduct of liaison works with all stakeholders; and, (iv)
coordination of all activities in the Project. The PMO shall be composed of a sufficient number of
experienced professionals including an Assistant Secretary-level Project Director. It shall have
an independent office headquartered in DENR.
44. A Social Safeguards Focal/Officer will be assigned to the PMO. The PMOs
resettlement-related tasks will include the following: (i) Carry out internal monitoring and
evaluation of resettlement activities including income and livelihood restoration for the APs; (ii)
Assist DENR in reporting to ADB, and in obtaining comments and suggestions for LGU
implementation of resettlement activities; (iii) Support the LGU in preparing the RPs as per the
process and policies described in this RF; and, (iv) Ensure the timely delivery of budget for the
implementation of resettlement activities by the LGU.
45. EMB Regional Offices/Regional Ecology Centers. These will: (i) act as the conduit of
support from the PMO to the participating LGUs in the respective region in coordination and
partnership with the provincial government Provincial Environment and Natural Resources
Office (PENRO), Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG) Regional and Provincial
offices and other relevant partners; (ii) assist the Project in the implementation, coordination and
monitoring of sub-project activities with partner LGUs and agencies; and, (iii) serve as the
conduit of feed-back to the national level for monitoring and evaluation of the Project and
providing guidance in the development and refinement of SWM strategies.
46. EMB Regional Offices will work together with the sub-project LGUs in conducting the
DMS, with support from PMISC.
7
Indicative members of the IPSC are: Secretary, DENR (chair); Department of Finance (Vice Chair); Members:
Environmental Management Bureau Director, Foreign Assisted and Special Projects Office Director, National Solid
Waste Management Commission Executive Director, National Government Agency (NGA) Representatives
Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG), Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH),
Department of Energy (DOE), National Economic Development Authority (NEDA), Department of Budget and
Management (DBM); One (1) Representative each from the League of Provinces, Cities and Municipalities and Liga
ng mga Barangay (LnB), Asian Development Bank (ADB).
10
Appendix 4.
47. Local Government Units. Participating LGUs shall serve as the main local
implementing agencies responsible for the management of respective Sub-Projects from
development, through implementation and subsequent operations and maintenance. Specific to
LAR, it will carry out the following tasks:
- Participate in all activities involved in resettlement planning and implementation for the
sub-project including (i) taking part in public consultations and meetings; (ii) conducting
the DMS; (iii) preparation of the RP and the PIB, and submitting the RP to DENR (for
endorsement) and ADB (for approval); and, (iv) disclosing the approved RP to AHs,
including through the distribution of PIB;
- Secure legal instruments (e.g., Executive Orders, Municipal/City Resolutions,
Memorandum Orders, Deeds of Donation etc.) that are necessary for timely
implementation of all measures described in the RP;
- Mobilize concerned units such as Barangay officials, the Municipal Social Welfare and
Development Office, Municipal Agriculture Office, Department of Labor and
Employment Public Employment Service Office (DOLE-PESO), and Solid Waste
Management Office, as necessary, to assist in implementing the Plan;
- Identify and mobilize possible program partners such as but not limited to the Technical
Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA), Department of Trade and
Industry (DTI), NGOs, and business sector to assist in activities that are within the
organizations mandate and expertise; and,
- Secure from the city/municipal treasury the budget for developing and implementing the
RP, ensuring that funds and human resources are available in a timely manner and in
sufficient amounts. Procedures for funds disbursement to APs will follow the accounting
rules and regulations of the Philippine Government.
48. The Project Management and Implementation Support Consultants (PMISC) will be
recruited by the DENR based on full technical proposals. The successful bidder will assist GOP
in implementation of the Project and will include one national social safeguards specialist (30
person-months, intermittent). The specialist will assist in Resettlement Planning and
Implementation for the entire Project
49. The PMISC will work closely with the LGU in developing RPs through the conduct of the
DMS in a participatory and transparent way and consistent with the Project resettlement policy.
Once approved by the Municipal/City Council, endorsed by DENR, and concurred by ADB, the
PMISC will provide technical support in the implementation of the agreed RP. The PMISC will
likewise provide capacity-building orientation and skills training, as needed, to concerned
personnel of the PMO, EMB Regional Offices/Regional Ecology Centers and the LGU.
50. The PMISC will support the PMO and LGU in supervising civil works activities to ensure
that (i) contractors adhere with the terms of their contract relative to avoiding and/or minimizing
land acquisition and resettlement impacts; and, (ii) contractors provide the necessary
compensation and/or assistance for any temporary impacts for land and non-land assets during
construction to the AHs as described in the entitlement matrix.
51. All costs for resettlement, including compensation for affected assets, allowances, and
livelihood and income restoration activities; operation and administration costs; surveys;
monitoring; and reporting, will be included in the overall cost estimates for each subproject and
will be financed by the LGUs as counterpart fund. Procedures for funds disbursement to APs
will follow the accounting rules and regulations of the Philippine Government, as described in
the main sub-project technical proposal. Payment of compensation and other entitlements,
11
Appendix 4.
except for land-for-land arrangements, will be in cash and will be given in barangay halls to
AHs. The AHs will be notified through the barangay officials of the schedule of payment of
compensation and other entitlements.
E. Costs and Financing

The total cost of the Project is estimated at $93.15 million equivalent, including taxes, duties,
and physical and price contingencies (Table 1).
Table 1: Cost Estimates by Outputs
($ million)
A. Base Cost b
Subtotal (A) 74.09
B. Contingencies c
1. Physical contingencies 7.40
2. Price contingencies 6.90
Subtotal (B) 14.30
d
C. Financing Charges during Implementation 4.76
Total (A+B+C) 93.15
a
Includes taxes and duties of $9.46 million equivalent, involuntary resettlement of $0.10 million equivalent and land
acquisition cost of $0.05 million equivalent, all to be financed from Government sources. Additional Government
support is provided for administration and operational support during project implementation estimated at $1.21
million equivalent from DENR and $0.36 million equivalent from the LGUs.
b
In October 2013 prices.
c
d
Resources (OCR) with 25-year term including 6-year grace period, 0.15% commitment charge,
and interest rates determined in accordance with ADBs London interbank offered rate (LIBOR)-
based lending facility plus 0.6 spread. The loan will finance civil works, equipment, capital
goods, consulting services, and contingencies.
12
Appendix 4.
finance one Sub-Project involving waste-to-energy facility.
Table 2: Financing Plan

($ million)
Total Percent

ADB Grant 2.00 2.1
93.15 100.0
% % Total
(Php Million) (US$ Million) Foreign Base
Local Foreign Total Local Foreign Total Exchange Costs
I. Investment Costs
A. Recurrent Costs 60 - 60 1.37 - 1.37 - 2
B. Involuntary Resettlement 4 - 4 0.09 - 0.09 - -
C. Civil Works 1,609 745 2,353 36.98 17.12 54.10 32 73
D. Equipment 91 286 376 2.09 6.57 8.65 76 12
E. Consulting Services 258 135 393 5.93 3.09 9.02 34 12
F. Project Management Operation 17 2 18 0.39 0.04 0.42 9 1
G. Capital Goods 4 13 17 0.09 0.29 0.38 76 1
H. Land Acquisition 2 - 2 0.05 - 0.05 - -
Total BASELINE COSTS 2,044 1,179 3,223 46.99 27.11 74.09 37 100
Physical Contingencies 204 118 322 4.69 2.71 7.40 37 10
Price Contingencies 258 42 300 5.94 0.96 6.90 14 9
Total PROJECT COSTS 2,506 1,339 3,845 57.62 30.78 88.40 35 119
Interest During Implementation 204 - 204 4.70 - 4.70 - 6
Commitment Charges 3 - 3 0.06 - 0.06 - -
Total Costs to be Financed 2,713 1,339 4,052 62.37 30.78 93.15 33 126
13
Appendix 4.
F. Implementation plans
Project Readiness Activities
ADB= Asian Development Bank, LGU = Local Government Unit, PMO = Project Management Office, REC = Regional Ecological
Center.
14
Appendix 4.
Overall Project Implementation Plan
15
Project Implemen
ntation A
Arrangem
ments
Source: PPT
TA Consultant
ADB = Asian Development Bank, CBE = Capacity Build ding and Enhan ncement, DENR = Departmen nt of Environment
and Natural Resources, DILG = Departm ment of Interior and Local Govvernment, DSCC = Design, sup pervision and
managemen nt consultant, EMB
E = Environment Managem ment Bureau, I ECKM = Inform mation, Educattion, Communiccation
and Knowledge Management, LGU = Loc cal Governmen nt Unit, NEC = National Ecoloogical Center, N
NSCMCS = Na ational
e Management Commission Secretariat,
Solid Waste S PMMIS = Project M
Management an nd Implementattion Support, P
PMO =
Project Man
nagement Office, PENRO = Provincial
P Environment and Na C = Project Steering
atural Resourcces Office, PSC
Committee, REC = Region nal Ecological Center
C
Organizational Structure of PMO
Project Director 1
Asst Sec level Appointee
Secretariat:
1. Senior Assistant/PA 1
2. Office Assistant/Messenger 1
3. Driver/Messenger 1
Deputy Project Director 1 Deputy Project Director 1

Management and Coordination Technical and Sub-project Support
Engineering/ DSC Coordination:

1. Engineer 1
2. Assistant Engineer 1
Planning and M&E: Financial Admin: Communications:
1. M&E Specialist 1 1. Financial Manager 1 1. Coms Specialist 1
2. Sr. Accountant 1 2. KM coordinator 1 Training/ IDCC Coordination:
3. Accounts Asst 1 1. Engineer 1
Safeguards: General Admin: REC/LGU Coordination:

1. Safeguards Expert 1 1. Admin Manager 1 1. Engineer 1
2. Asst/Secretary 1
3. Asst/Messenger 1
4 Driver/Messenger 1
17
Appendix 4.1

Profile of Del Carmen SWM Project
APPENDIX 4.1
Appendix 4.1
PROFILE OF DEL CARMEN SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PROJECT
A. PROJECT BACKGROUND
1. The municipality of Del Carmen is one of the four local government units (LGUs)
included in ADBs Project Preparatory Technical Assistance (PPTA) for the Philippines Solid
Waste Management Sector Project. The PPTA covers the preparation of 10-year solid waste
management plans and feasibility studies of selected subprojects for Janiuay in Iloilo Province
Island of Panay, Malay in Aklan Province, La Trinidad in Benguet Province, and Del Carmen in
Siargao Island in Surigao del Norte from January to December 2013.
2. The Municipality of Del Carmen, a 5th class municipality, is one of the municipalities in
Siargao Island which is part of the 1st district of Surigao del Norte. It has 20 barangays with a
population of about 20,000, which is expected to reach 31,000 by 2023.
3. The Island of Siargao has a population of 95,000 as of 2013. This is projected to grow to
140,000 by 2023.
B. PROJECT RATIONALE
4. Del Carmen currently generates about 5.7 tons per day (tpd) of solid waste. The entire
Siargao Island collectively generates 21 tpd. Waste collection within Del Carmen and the Island
of Siargao amounts to 0.54 tpd and 2 tpd, respectively, accounting for about 10% of the total
waste generation.
5. The projected growth of Del Carmen, its plan to attain cityhood by 2017, and its
commitment to host the disposal facility for the entire Island of Siargao will increase its solid
waste generation and inputs from adjacent areas and affect the prevailing collect and dump
system being employed by the provincial government and the LGU, respectively. However, Del
Carmen SWM sub-project will be developed in the fires phase as a standalone project.
6. Key gaps in the current solid waste management (SWM) system of Del Carmen and
other municipalities in Siargao Island include the following: (i) inadequate and inefficient
collection, (ii) mixed waste collection, (iii) absence of or limited implementation of ordinances
requiring segregation at source and segregated waste collection and prohibiting littering, (iv)
limited information campaign on proper SWM, (v) unsanitary practice of recovering recyclables
through waste picking, (vi) disposal of mixed waste into open dumps, (vii) limited technical
knowhow to implement sustainable SWM system, and (viii) non-collection of garbage fees from
households in the municipality.
7. The proposed SWM subproject which includes the expansion of waste collection system,
establishment and operation of a sanitary landfill (SLF), and closure of the existing dumpsite will
contribute to the improvement of SWM system and reduce the health risks and safety issues
associated with uncollected waste, waste picking, and open dumping.
C. THE SUBPROJECT
8. The Del Carmen SWM subproject shall have the following sub-components:
each with a capacity at least 10 m3 will be acquired. These additional vehicles will facilitate
expansion of the coverage into the rural barangays and increase the number of collection
trips in the entire Siargao Island.
Sub-Component 2: Acquisition of HPDE 250 waste bins. 250 units with 1.1m3 capacity
HDPE bins will be acquired. This will facilitate temporary storage of segregated waste prior
to collection. Currently, waste has been collected in sacks by the roads.
Appendix 4.1
Sub-Component 3: Acquisition of SLF and MRF Equipment. The equipment will include
a bulldozer of blade capacity at least 1.6 m3and a weighbridge of capacity at least 20 t for
the SLF and a wheel loader of capacity at least 1.3 m3 for the MRF.
Sub-Component 4: Construction of a Category 2 SLF and a Central MRF. A 2 ha SLF
will be located in a 4 ha site in Sitio Boyhogon, Barangay Cancoho. It will be progressively
developed into two cells and containment area with an effective capacity of about 120,000
m3 net of the space to be occupied by the soil cover. The Central MRF will be housed in a
360 m2 building complete with hopper, conveyor and trommel set for sorting capacity of
about 2 t/hr.
Sub-Component 5: Closure of Existing Dumpsite. The existing dumpsite covers an area
of about 5,000 m2. Dumping has not been done systematically, waste is gathered on the
vast area consisting mainly of mixed wastes. There is no leachate formation. Closure will
include systematic clean up of other area and removal of remaining waste from dump site to
SLF.
Project Cost (Direct)
Unit Cost (US Total (US

Subproject Component Units $) $)
Equipment and machineries 1 200,000 200,000
Collection Trucks 2 70,000 140,000

Goods: Waste bins HDPE
1.1m3 250 180 45,000
Clean up of existing dumpsite 1 80,000 80,000

MRF 1 225,000 225,000
Construction 2.0 SLF 1 2,168,000 2,168,000
TOTAL 2,858,000
Implementation Schedule
Appendix4.2

Profile of Janiuay SWM Project
APPENDIX 4.2
Appendix4.2
PROFILE OF JANIUAY SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PROJECT
PROJECT BACKGROUND
1. The municipality of Janiuay is one of the four local government units (LGUs) included in
ADBs Project Preparatory Technical Assistance (PPTA) for the Philippines Solid Waste
Management Sector Project. The PPTA covers the preparation of 10-year solid waste
management plans and feasibility studies of selected subprojects for Del Carmen in Siargao
Island, Malay in Aklan Province, La Trinidad in Benguet Province, and Janiuay in Iloilo Province
from January to December 2013.
2. Janiuay is a first class municipality situated at the south central part of Iloilo, Island of
Panay. It has 16 urban and 46 rural barangays with a population of 65,600 that is expected to
reach 91,200 by 2023.
3. The 3rd District of Iloilo where Janiuay is located has a population of 443,500 as of
2013. This is projected to grow to 607,900 by 2023.
PROJECT RATIONALE
4. Janiuay currently generates about 21 tons per day (tpd) of solid waste. The entire 3rd
District collectively generates 126 tpd. Waste collection within the district is about 19 tpd, or
14% of the total waste generation.
5. The projected growth of Janiuay, its plan to attain cityhood by 2017, and its
ultimate aim is hosting in the future the disposal facility for the entire 3rd District of Iloilo.
However, Janiuay SWM sub-project will be developed in the first phase as a standalone
project.
6. Key gaps in the current solid waste management (SWM) system of Janiuay include the
following: (i) inadequate and inefficient collection, (ii) mixed waste collection, (iii) absence of or
limited implementation of ordinances requiring segregation at source and segregated waste
collection and prohibiting littering, (iv) limited information campaign on proper SWM, (v)
unsanitary practice of recovering recyclables through waste picking, (vi) disposal of mixed waste
into open dumps, (vii) limited technical know-how to implement sustainable SWM system(s) and
(viii) non-collection of garbage fees from households in the municipality
7. Similar gaps were observed in the rest of the 3rd District of Iloilo.
8. The proposed SWM subproject which includes the expansion of waste collection system,
establishment of a Materials Recovery Facility (MRF), development and operation of a sanitary
landfill (SLF), and closure of the Gibolo dumpsite will contribute to the improvement of the
municipalitys SWM systems and reduce the health risks and safety issues associated with
uncollected waste, waste picking, and open dumping.
THE SUBPROJECT
9. The Janiuay SWM subproject shall have the following sub-components:
1. Acquisition of Solid Waste Management equipment which includes the following:
a. 2 collection vehicles
b. 270 waste bins
c. 1 bulldozer for SLF operation
d. MRF Equipment
2. Construction of Category 2 Sanitary Landfill (SLF) and Materials Recovery Facility
(MRF)at Barangay Caraudan, Janiuay and Closure of the Gibolo Dumpsite
Appendix4.2
Component 1: Priority Infrastructure Investments in SWM
Sub-Component 1: Acquisition of two waste collection vehicles. Two dump trucks, each
with a capacity of 10m3-13 m3, will be acquired. These additional vehicles will facilitate
expansion of the coverage to the rural barangays and increase the number of collection trips.
Sub-Component 2: Acquisition of 270 waste bins. The HDPE bins will have 240- liter
capacity. These will facilitate temporary storage of segregated waste prior to collection and
complement the currently available, 100-liter plastic bins being used by the LGU.
Sub-Component 3: Acquisition of SLF Equipment. The equipment will include a bulldozer

and a weigh bridge.
Sub-Component 4: Construction of MRF with power substation. The MRF will occupy 900
m2 section of the 6.2 hectare lot allotted for the SLF in Barangay Caraudan. It will be designed
to process 15 to 30 tons of waste per day in an 8-hour shift using a combination of mechanical
and manual processing. The MRF will be used to recover the recyclables from the collected
waste. The substation will be used to connect the MRF and the SLF to the grid.
Sub-Component 5: Construction of a Category 2 Sanitary Landfill. The SLF will be located

in a 6.2 hectare lot in Barangay Caraudan. It will be progressively developed into two cells with
an effective capacity of 346,000 m3 net of the space to be occupied by the soil cover.
Sub-Component 6: Closure of Gibolo dumpsite. The Gibolo dumpsite covers an area of

about 4,500 m2 and is expected to have an accumulated waste of about 7,500 tons. Closure will
include: removal of waste from barangay road, grading and compaction, slope modification,
application of soil cover, drainage control and leachate collection

The direct cost of the Janiuay Subproject Components using 2013 prices amounted to US$
2,931,723. The cost of each component is presented in Table below.
Item Facility/Activity Capacity Quantity Unit Cost Total (US$)

(US$)
1 Collection Trucks 10m3 2 70,000 140,000
2 Waste Collection bins 240 liter 270 80 21,600
3 Materials Recovery Facility lot 1 435,483 435,483
4 MRF Equipment lot 1 56,000 56,000

Sanitary Landfill inclusive of
5 weigh bridge lot 1 1,768,640 1,768,640
6 SLF Equipment (bulldozer) D6 1 160,000 160,000
7 Dump Closure lot 1 350,000 350,000
TOTAL 2,931,723
Source: PPTA 8115 PHI Consultant Team
Appendix4.2
Figure 1 shows the subproject implementation schedule. Assuming the loan or grant is
processed within 2014, actual project activities could commence in 2015. Detailed engineering
design will be undertaken in the 1st 6 months of 2015. Acquisition of the waste collection trucks
and waste bins could take place in the first quarter of 2016 immediately after the prequalification
and bidding of contractor. Construction of the SLF and MRF will commence and be completed
in 2016. The SWM facilities are expected to be operational by 2017. Closure of the Gibolo
Dumpsite could be implemented as soon as the SLF becomes operational.
Appendix 4.3

Profile of La Trinidad SWM Project
APPENDIX 4.3

Appendix 4.3
PROFILE OF LA TRINIDAD SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PROJECT
1. The Municipality of La Trinidad is one of the four local government units (LGUs) included
in ADBs Project Preparatory Technical Assistance (PPTA) for the Philippines Solid Waste
Management Sector Project. The PPTA covers the preparation of 10-Year solid waste
2. La Trinidad is a first class municipality and the capital of Benguet Province situated in
the mountainous region in Luzon. It has 16 barangays with a population of about 120,000,
which is expected to reach nearly 188,000 by 2025.
3. La Trinidad currently generates about 72 tons per day (tpd) of solid waste. Waste
collection efficiency is 83% . In addition, La Trinidad generates agriculture waste from the
trading post about 20.9tpd, which is mainly composted in Alno.
4. La Trinidad has carried out substantial investments over the last 10 years to improve its
SWM. However, the present conditions of the sanitary landfill and composting facilities are still
poor. Increasing solid waste load and ineffective black hole1 process are creating a hygienic
and health risk, increasing environmental pollution in the surrounding areas and a tributary.
5. Key gaps in the current solid waste management (SWM) system of La Trinidad include
the following: (i) mixed waste collection that shortens the landfill life span, (ii) absence of or
limited enforcement of source segregation, (iii) limited infrastructure to collect, segregate and
dispose MW, (iv) manage waste disposal information campaign on proper SWM, (v) unsanitary
practice of recovering recyclables through waste picking, and (vi) limited technical knowhow to
implement sustainable SWM system.
6. Waste minimization with the improvement and increased solid waste treatment capacity
in La Trinidad is necessary. This includes the expansion of waste collection system,
improvement of waste treatment system, reusing existing landfill site, and construction of a new
cell to reduce health, environment and safety risks associated with SWM. The proposed project
supports La Trinidads ultimate goal to establish the Integrated Solid Waste Management
System (ISWMS).
C. THE SUB-PROJECT
7. The La Trinidad SWM subproject will have the following components; (i) acquisition of
waste collection vehicles, waste bins, barangay MRFs and sanitary landfill (SLF) equipment; (ii)
landfill mining to reuse existing cell again; (iii) Closure of existing dumpsite; (iv) rehabilitation of
access road and construction of a Category 2 Cell; and (v) rehabilitation and upgrading of
existing compost plant. Project sub-components have been presented detailed below.
1
The Municipality of La Trinidad started using the so called super black hole in 2011 to treat organic waste. The
facility uses low temperature plasma and magnets to turn waste into ash. The process contains of an inductive low-
temperature heating chamber, a grinder for conditioning of high-medium calorific value material as well connected
scrubbers for exhaust air purification purposes. Material will be grinded and 8 hours processed within the low-
temperature chamber. The result is a carbonised material later on called Ash.
Appendix 4.3
Sub-Comp 1: Acquisition of waste collection vehicles. Eight (8) compaction trucks

(each with 5m3 capacity) and two (2) skip trucks will be acquired. These additional
vehicles will facilitate replacement of the aging fleet of dump and compaction trucks.
Sub-Comp 2: Acquisition waste bins. 620 waste bins and 6 skip bins will be acquired.
HDPE bins with 1.1m3 capacity and steel skip bins with 8m3 capacity will be acquired.
These bins will facilitate temporary storage of segregated waste prior to collection and
complement the currently available, 100-liter plastic and steel-wire bins being used by
the LGU
Sub-Comp 3: Acquisition of SLF equipment. The equipment will include a bulldozer
and leachate pumps
Sub-Comp 4: Modernization and upgrading of the compost plant. This includes the
installation of a new piping system to increase air supply and improve conveyance of
leachate from composting boxes through the addition of six (6) aerated composting
boxes to existing compost plant, increasing the amount of blowers and application of a
more appropriate blowing/suction concept.
Sub-Comp 5: Acquisition of compost equipment. The equipment to be acquired
include a trailer, tools, sieve drum, wheel loader, shredder, and water pump.
Sub-Comp 6: Acquisition of Barangay MRFs.Establishment of 5 Clustered Barangay
level MRFs consisting of a semi-automated MRF equipped with two Eco Compost
Receptacle systems. One centralized MRF unit shall process MSW from the five most
urbanized barangays directed to the Alno SLF.
Sub-Comp 7: Construction of a category 2 Cell III. The Cell is located in a 9.6 hectare
(ha) lot in Barangay Alno. SLF size is 2.7 ha. It will be progressively developed into four
cells with an effective capacity of 350,000 m3 net of the space to be occupied by the soil
cover. Cell III construction also consists of an installation of weighing bridge.
Sub-Comp 8: Landfill mining. Landfill mining shall be one of the first measures to be
implemented before the rehabilitation of Cell I. Through the process, recyclables,
combustible fractions and soil shall be recovered and sufficient space shall be freed up,
consequently extending the life span of the cell from 7 to 12 years. This includes
excavation and processing of 21,140 tons of waste, backfilling of 11,800 m, and
preparing 28,990 bales (650kg/pc) for intermediate storage or transportation to a
thermo/energy recovery facility.
Sub-Comp 9: Rehabilitation of access road to Alno SLF. This includes the
rehabilitation of the access road to the Alno SLF spanning 750m. The road was
established within the compound of the Alno Sanitary Landfill which is owned by the
municipal government. The access road shall be rehabilitated to qualify as an 'all
weather' road, with width of at least 4 m, and is well passable even during the rainy
season.
Sub-Comp 10: Rehabilitation of Cell I. To operationalize Cell I after landfill mining the
following measures have to be taken; (i) proper site investigation to confirm activities to
be carried out; (ii) rehabilitation of the existing un-reinforced retention wall; (iii)
rehabilitation of leachate dewatering ditch; (iv) rehabilitation of leachate treatment
facility; and (v) construction of leachate circulation or/and treatment system.
Appendix 4.3

Unit Cost
Item Units (US$) Total (US$) Total (Php)
Acquisition of SLF equipment and machineries 1 165,000 165,000 7,177,500
Goods: HDPE waste bins 1.1m3 620 180 111,600 4,854,600
Compaction truck (5m3 capacity) 8 70,000 560,000 24,360,000
Skip truck 2 50,000 100,000 4,350,000
Skip container 8m3 6 6,000 36,000 1,566,000
Landfill mining 1 639,615 639,615 27,823,253
Construction of Cell III 1 1,891,835 1,891,835 82,294,829
Centralized MRF at Alno 1 474,700 474,700 20,649,450
Barabgay MRFs 5 97,700 488,500 21,249,750
Widening of service road 1 169,500 169,500 7,373,250
Rehabilitation of Cell I 1 450,000 450,000 19,574,997
Rehabilitation and upgrading of Compost plant 1 99,820 99,820 4,342,170
Acquisition of equipment for Compost Facility 1 124,800 124,800 5,428,800
Involuntary Resettlement 3,030,503
TOTAL 5,311,370 231,044,598
Appendix 4.4

Profile of Malay/Boracay SWM Project
APPENDIX 4.4

Appendix 4.4
PROFILE OF MALAY/BORACAY SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PROJECT
1. The Municipality of Malay is one of the four local government units (LGUs) included in
ADBs Project Preparatory Technical Assistance (PPTA) for the Philippines Solid Waste
Management Sector Project. The PPTA covers the preparation of 10-year solid waste
2. Malay is a first class municipality situated in the north of Aklan. It has 14 barangays in
the mainland and 4 barangays in Boracay. As of 2013, the population of Malay stood at 36,000.
This is expected to reach nearly 86,000 by 2023.
3. Boracay is one of the most famous tourist destinations in the Philippines with arrivals of
1.2 million tourists in 2012 and an estimated 1.3 million in 2013. It is estimated that 2.7 million
tourists will visit Boracay by 2018.
4. Boracay currently generates about 40 tons per day (tpd) of solid waste. Waste collection
efficiency within its barangays is 92%. Waste generation is expected to reach 158 tpd in 2023.
5. Malay/Boracay has carried out substantial investments on solid waste management
(SWM) with JICA financial support between 2007 and 2010. Waste is segregated at source and
segregated collection is practiced. Waste is collected regularly and brought to the materials
recovery facilities (MRF) at Yapac, Balabag and Manoc-Manoc for processing. The system
however needs improvement. The present fleet of collection vehicles is aging. Collected
biodegradables cannot be processed by the limited composting capacity and technology at
Balabag MRF. Storage of biodegradables leads to leachate generation and emission of foul
odor. The hauling of the residuals to Caticlan and the Kabulihan SLF is not done on a regular
basis and this has led to a pile up of large amounts of waste in the three MRFs. These
conditions pose health risks to MRF workers and nearby inhabitants and bring about soil
pollution and deep groundwater system. The Kabulihan SLF has already reached its capacity.
6. The rapid growth of local population and continued increase in tourist arrivals has
translated to very significant increase in waste generation, which has exceeded the projections
made in previous studies.
7. Clearly, major changes need to be introduced and implemented to the current SWM
system of Malay, particularly Boracay Island.
8. An improved system which will address the identified gaps in collection and transport
logistics, processing and treatment, marketing of recyclables and technical know-how of the
staff responsible for SWM management must be put in place. The system should utilize the best
available technology for treating waste which will address most of the incoming waste and
minimize hauling and disposal to the SLF. Coupled with the well-entrenched system of
segregation at source, this system could provide a long-term solution to the growing SWM
problem of Boracay
C. THE SUBPROJECT
9. The Malay/Boracay SWM subproject will have the following components: improvement
of waste collection system, mining of residuals and clean-up of the three MRFs sites,
Appendix 4.4
establishment of a waste-to-energy (WTE) plant supported by mechanical and manual sorting

facility in Boracay, construction of a new cell in Kabulihan SLF, and acquisition of SWM
equipment. The details are presented as follows:
Sub-Component 1: Landfill Mining at Balabag, Manoc-Manoc and Yapak. This will
consist of:(i) mobilization and site preparation; (ii) excavation and recovery of recyclables
and high energy value materials; (iii) cleaning of Balabag, Manoc-Manoc and Yapac; (iv)
preparation of transportable bales (1.2 m x 0.85 m x1.1 m) of 47,100m3; (v) storing
20,000 bales and transporting and storing 9,000 bales to Manoc-Manoc; (vi) managing
incoming waste over a period of six (6) months to Manoc-Manoc (10,550 m3) and to
Balabag (20,000 m3); (vii) preparation of transportable bales 9,200 m3; (viii) storing
3,600 bales and transporting and storing 5,600 bales to Manoc-Manoc; (ix) transporting
fines and residues of 14,950 m3 to Kabulihan SLF; and (x) remediation of Yapac MRF
site, application of soil cover of 400 m3 and greening an area of 1,400 m2.Annex 3,
Cost of Landfill Mining.
Sub-Component 2: Construction of a WTE at Manoc-Manoc and MRF at Balabag.
This output will include:(i) the procurement and installation of mechanical/manual
processing facility (MRF) with the design capacity of 50 tpd; (ii) procurement and
installation of a waste-to-energy (WTE) plant with an estimated 1 MW electricity output,
consisting of a thermal waste treatment unit and heat/energy conversion unit; and (iii)
procurement and installation of a sub-station to connect the WTE plant to the power
network. Annex 4 Power Purchase Agreement, Annex 5 Balabag MRF.
Sub-Component 3: Construction of a New Cell to Kabulihan SLF. This will consist
of: (i) the installation of a gate, fencing and lighting of the area, surface water drainage
system and internal road; (ii) cell with HDPE lining and leachate collection system; (iii)
procurement of landfill equipment; and (iv) construction of a leachate circulation system.
Sub-Component 4: Waste Collection and Hauling Logistics. This will consist of: (i)
the purchase of barge for hauling of waste and recyclables from Boracay to Caticlan; (ii)
purchase of four (4) brand new compaction trucks of 5 m3 capacity; (iii) two (2) brand-
new open trucks with a capacity of 8-10 m3; and (iv) purchase of 450 pieces of 240-liter
capacity HDPE waste bins.
Sub-Component 5: Acquisition of SWM equipment. This will consist of: (i) the
purchase of bulldozer for SLF operation in Kabulihan; (ii) a weigh bridge for the
mechanized MRF in Manoc-Manoc; and (iii) four (4) payloaders, three (3) forklift, four
(4) weighing scales and two (2) standard tool sets for MRF operations in Balabag and
Manoc-Manoc.
Sub-Component 6: The MRF will occupy about 900 m2 area in Caticlan. It will be
designed to process 10 tons of waste per day in an 8-hour shift using a combination of
mechanical and manual processing. The MRF will be used to recover the recyclables
from the collected waste. It will mainly support increasing waste generation at the entry
point of Boracay.
Appendix 4.4

10. The direct cost of the Malay Subproject Components, Phase 1, using 2013 prices
amounted to US$ 13,019,000. The cost of each component is presented in Table below.
Item Capacity No.ofUnits UnitCost($) Total($)
SWMEquipment
CompactionTrucks 5m3 4 70,000 140,000
Opentrucks 810m3 2 60,000 240,000
WasteBins(HDPE) 240liter 450 80 36,000
Payloader 1.5m3bucket 4 65,000 260,000
Bulldozer D6 1 160,000 160,000
Baler 4tons/hr 4 6,000 24,000
Forklift 3ton 3 18,000 54,000
GarbageBarge 1 600,000 600,000
Toolset 2 3,500 7,000
Miscellaneousequipment 1 3,000 3,000
Subtotal 1,524,000
ActivitiesandFacilities
Miningof3MRFs 1 565,970 565,970
Cleanupof3MRFs 1 178,263 178,263
CaticlanMRF 1 97,700 97,700
MalayLandfillconstructionwithwighbridge 1 2,253,520 2,253,520
BalabagMRF 1 1,700,000 1,700,000
RDFPlant,Gasifier,ICEngine/Generator1MW 1 6,700,000 6,700,000
Subtotal 11,495,000
TOTALOFPHASE1 13,019,000
11. Figure 1 shows the subproject implementation schedule. Assuming the loan or grant is
processed within 2014, actual project activities could commence in 2015. Detailed engineering
design will be undertaken in the 1st 6 months of 2015. Acquisition of the waste collection trucks
and waste bins could take place in the first quarter of 2016 immediately after the prequalification
and bidding of contractor. Construction of the 2nd cell of the Kabulihan SLF and MRF will
commence and be completed in 2016. MRF clean-up will start on the 2nd half of 2016 to be
immediately followed by mining of the residuals. The SWM facilities including WTE are expected
to be operational by 2017.
Appendix 4.4
Appendix 5.
Outline of an Indigenous Peoples Plan

APPENDIX 5
1
Appendix 5.
APPENDIX 5: OUTLINE OF AN INDIGENOUS PEOPLES PLAN1
This outline is part of the Safeguard Requirements 3. An Indigenous Peoples plan (IPP) is required for all
projects with impacts on Indigenous Peoples. Its level of detail and comprehensiveness is commensurate
with the significance of potential impacts on Indigenous Peoples. The substantive aspects of this outline
will guide the preparation of IPPs, although not necessarily in the order shown.
A. Executive Summary. This section concisely describes the critical facts, significant findings, and
recommended actions.
B. Description of the Project. This section provides a general description of the project; discusses
project components and activities that may bring impacts on Indigenous Peoples; and identify project
area.
C. Social Impact Assessment. This section:

- Reviews the legal and institutional framework applicable to Indigenous Peoples in project
context.
- Provides baseline information on the demographic, social, cultural, and political characteristics
of the affected Indigenous Peoples communities; the land and territories that they have
traditionally owned or customarily used or occupied; and the natural resources on which they
depend.
- Identifies key project stakeholders and elaborate a culturally appropriate and gender-sensitive
process for meaningful consultation with Indigenous Peoples at each stage of project preparation
and implementation, taking the review and baseline information into account.
- Assesses, based on meaningful consultation with the affected Indigenous Peoples communities,
the potential adverse and positive effects of the project. Critical to the determination of potential
adverse impacts is a gender-sensitive analysis of the relative vulnerability of, and risks to, the
affected Indigenous Peoples communities given their particular circumstances and close ties to
land and natural resources, as well as their lack of access to opportunities relative to those
available to other social groups in the communities, regions, or national societies in which they
live.
- Includes a gender-sensitive assessment of the affected Indigenous Peoples perceptions about
the project and its impact on their social, economic, and cultural status.
- Identifies and recommends, based on meaningful consultation with the affected Indigenous
Peoples communities, the measures necessary to avoid adverse effects or, if such measures are
not possible, identifies measures to minimize, mitigate, and/or compensate for such effects and to
ensure that the Indigenous Peoples receive culturally appropriate benefits under the project.
D. Information Disclosure, Consultation and Participation. This section:

- Describes the information disclosure, consultation and participation process with the affected
Indigenous Peoples communities that was carried out during project preparation;
- Summarizes their comments on the results of the social impact assessment and identifies
concerns raised during consultation and how these have been addressed in project design;
- In the case of project activities requiring broad community support, documents the process and
outcome of consultations with affected Indigenous Peoples communities and any agreement
resulting from such consultations for the project activities and safeguard measures addressing
the impacts of such activities;
- Describes consultation and participation mechanisms to be used during implementation to ensure
Indigenous Peoples participation during implementation; and
- Confirms disclosure of the draft and final IPP to the affected Indigenous Peoples communities.
E. Beneficial Measures. This section specifies the measures to ensure that the Indigenous Peoples
1
Source: ADB. 2009. Safeguard Policy Statement. Manila.
2
Appendix 5.
receive social and economic benefits that are culturally appropriate, and gender responsive.
F. Mitigative Measures. This section specifies the measures to avoid adverse impacts on Indigenous
Peoples; and where the avoidance is impossible, specifies the measures to minimize, mitigate and
compensate for identified unavoidable adverse impacts for each affected Indigenous Peoples groups.
G. Capacity Building. This section provides measures to strengthen the social, legal, and technical
capabilities of (a) government institutions to address Indigenous Peoples issues in the project area; and
(b) Indigenous Peoples organizations in the project area to enable them to represent the affected
Indigenous Peoples more effectively.
H. Grievance Redress Mechanism. This section describes the procedures to redress grievances by
affected Indigenous Peoples communities. It also explains how the procedures are accessible to
Indigenous Peoples and culturally appropriate and gender sensitive.
I. Monitoring, Reporting and Evaluation. This section describes the mechanisms and benchmarks
appropriate to the project for monitoring, and evaluating the implementation of the IPP. It also specifies
arrangements for participation of affected Indigenous Peoples in the preparation and validation of
monitoring, and evaluation reports.
J. Institutional Arrangement. This section describes institutional arrangement responsibilities and

mechanisms for carrying out the various measures of the IPP. It also describes the process of including
relevant local organizations and NGOs in carrying out the measures of the IPP.
K. Budget and Financing. This section provides an itemized budget for all activities described in the IPP.
3
Appendix 6
Estimation of Greenhouse Gas Emission

Del Carmen Subproject
APPENDIX 6
1
Appendix 6
APPENDIX 6: ESTIMATION OF GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION

DEL CARMEN SUBPROJECT
Using the simulation developed by the Institute for Global Environmental Strategies
(IGES) for solid waste management options, the GHG emissions with and without the
proposed solid waste management project was quantified. The simulation was based on
the IPCC 2006 guidelines which was adapted to quantify GHG emissions from different
phases of waste management. The greenhouse gas effect is measured in terms of
carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2-eq). The calculation covers different aspects of solid
waste management practices in Del Carmen such as transportation and collection of
wastes, mixed waste landfilling, composting, recycling, and open burning.
Under the existing scenario, Del Carmen generates 5.5 tons per day of solid waste
which is approximately equivalent to 165 tons per month. Waste collection efficiency is
28%, representing 47 tons per month of waste. For waste transportation, the municipality
uses a dump truck which collects wastes thrice a week for open dumping at the site
located about 6.6 km away from the Poblacion. There is low volume of biodegradables
from households since food wastes and vegetable cuttings are being fed to animals such
as pigs and dogs. Based on the survey, about 0.22% of waste, mostly composed of
leftover food and fruit and vegetable peelings, undergoes backyard composting. In
addition, households practice burning of garden and yard wastes constituting about
32.8% of the total waste generated.
Using these information gathered during the Waste Analysis and Characterization
Survey (WACS) and from the social survey of stakeholders, the amount of waste
transported, composted, and open burned were determined. Since there is no landfill in
Del Carmen, the amount of solid wastes that is unmanaged and disposed elsewhere in
the environment was used in the estimation of GHG emission from landfilling in an
uncategorized landfill. This was estimated using the following:
Amount of unmanaged = Total waste generated (Waste for composting) (Waste for
solid waste (either recycling) (Waste in open burning)
thrown in environment,
rivers or canals)
Based on the simulation, the current solid waste management practices in the
municipality directly contribute 50,026 kg CO2-eq/monthly managed waste. Indirect
GHG savings primarily from existing backyard composting and household waste
recycling practices was computed as 6,770 kg CO2-eq/month. In terms of open burning
of wastes, majority of households in the municipality burn yard wastes that contribute 48
kg CO2-eq/month of waste. Overall, the GHG emissions per month of the current solid
waste management system results to a net GHG emission of 43,256 kg CO2-eq/month.
With the proposed project, it is expected that waste collection efficiency and recycling
will improve and the practice of open burning will be eliminated. A central MRF is
proposed to segregate collected recyclable wastes such as glass, plastics, and metals
which will be baled, temporarily stored and eventually sold to recycling or manufacturing
firms. The existing practice of feeding leftover food to animals and backyard composting
is expected to continue while a portion of the garden waste will be diverted to the
composting facility at the provincial nursery which will serve as central composting
2
Appendix 6
facility of the municipality. Resulting compost will be used at the nursery and also given
to farmers.
With the project scenario, two trucks will be acquired by the project to collect and
transport the solid waste to the proposed SLF site. The total amount of solid waste
generated by the municipality was assumed to be the amount of waste collected. The
amount of waste to be disposed at the Category 2 landfill is estimated as 121
tons/month. Since the proposed project will encourage segregation and that the MRF
will further support proper waste segregation and management, waste to be recycled is
projected as 12 tons per month. Because of the diversion of yard waste to the
composting facility, the amount of waste for composting will increase to 31 tons per
month.
Using the IGES simulation, the implementation of the project and improvement in solid
waste collection, segregation, and recycling in the municipality of Del Carmen is
projected to result to indirect GHG savings of 120,800 kg CO2-eq/month of managed
waste and net GHG emissions of -23,811 kg CO2-eq/month.
Comparing the existing situation and the scenario with the proposed project, the avoided
direct emissions because of the project is calculated as 67,067 kg CO2-eq/month. Table
1 presents the summary of the GHG emissions with and without the project.
Table 1: GHG Emissions With and Without the Project

Existing SWM System With the Project
Direct Indirect Direct Indirect
Activity Net GHG Net GHG Unit
GHG GHG GHG GHG
Emissions Emissions
Emissions Savings Emissions Savings
Transportation 0.4 0 0.4 0.3 0 0.3 kg CO2-eq/ton of
waste
Landfilling of 426 0 426 604 0 604 kg CO2-eq/ton of
mixed municipal mix waste
solid waste
Composting 177 1,706 -1,529 177 2,274 -2,097 kg CO2-eq/ton of
organic waste
Recycling 1,407 3,722 -2,316 1,407 3,722 -2,316 kg CO2-eq/ton of
mixed
recyclables
Open burning 48 0 48 0 0 0 kg CO2-eq/ton of
open burned
waste
GHG reduction 303 41 262 587 731 -144 kg CO2-eq/ton of
from the whole collected waste
system
Total GHG 50,026 6,770 43,256 96,990 120,800 -23,811 kg CO2-
emissions per eq/monthly
month managed waste
3
Appendix 6
Annex
GHG Calculation
EXISTING CONDITION:
Transportation by diesel-fueled trucks
Total amount of waste transportation by "Diesel" fueled trucks 47 Tonnes/month

Total diesel fuel consumption for transportation 7.92 L/month
Results
GHG emissions from waste transportation by diesel-fueled trucks 0.45 kg CO2-eq/tonne of waste
GHG emissions from waste transportation by natural gas-fueled trucks 0 kg CO2-eq/tonne of waste
Direct GHG emissions from transportation 0.45 kg of CO2-eq/tonne of waste

Total GHG emission from transportation per month 21.35 kg of CO2-eq/month
Total amount of mix waste landfilling 105.3 tonnes/month

Select the type of landfill in your municipality Uncategorized
Compostion of landfilling waste
Component Percentage (%)

Garden waste 36.82
Plastics 4.98
Paper 6.97
Glass 1.74
Hazardous waste 0.24
Others 49.25
Total 100.00
Results
Emission of CH4 from organic waste landfilling 20.28 kg of CH4/tonne
Direct GHG emission from mixed waste landfilling/open
dumping 425.85 kg of CO2-eq/tonne of mix waste
Total GHG emission from landfilling per month 44841.84 kg of CO2-eq/month
Total amount of garden waste use for composting 0.36366 Tonnes /month
Total amount of compost production 0.18183 Tonnes /month
Percentage of compost use for agricultural and gardening
purposes 100 %
Results
GHG emissions from waste degradation 177.00 kg of CO2-eq/tonne of waste
Direct GHG emissions from composting 177.00 kg of CO2-eq/tonne of waste
Avoided GHG emission sfrom chemical fertilier production 1075.65 kg of CO2-eq/tonne of waste
4
Appendix 6
Avoided GHG emissions from organic waste landfilling 630.00 kg of CO2-eq/tonne of waste
Net GHG emissions from composting (life cycle perspective) -1528.65 kg of CO2-eq/tonne of organic waste
Total GHG emission from composting per month -555.91 kg of CO2-eq/month
<<<minus GHG means potential savings
Total amount of seperated recyclables 1.652055 tonnes/month

Compostion of recyclables
Percentage
Type of recyclable (%)
Paper 40.00
Plastic 36.80
Aluminium 12.60
Steel 0.00
Glass 10.60
Total 100.00
kg of CO2-eq/tonne of mixed
Direct GHG emissions from recycling 1406.67 recyclables
Avoided GHG emissions from recycling 3722.21 recyclables
Net GHG emissions from recycling (life cycle kg of CO2-eq/tonne of mixed
perspective) -2315.54 recyclables
<<<minus GHG
means potential
savings
Total GHG reduction from recycling per month -3,825.40 kg of CO2-eq/month
Total amount of waste open burned 57.98 tonnes/month
Compostion of waste of open burning

Food waste 0.00
Garden waste 36.60
Plastics 3.00
Paper 5.50
Others 54.90
Total 100.00
Fossil-based CO2 emissions from open burning 47.85 kg of CO2-eq/tonne of open burned waste
2,774.3
Total GHG emission from open burning per month 4 kg of CO2-eq/month
WITH PROJECT SCENARIO:

5
Appendix 6

Results

Managed (has landfill cover
Type of landfill in your municipality and liner)

Food waste 42.00
Gardeb waste 36.82
Plastics 4.98
Paper 6.97
Glass 1.74
Others 49.24
Total 100.00
Results
Emission of CH4 from organic waste
landfilling 28.73 kg of CH4/tonne
kg of CO2-
Direct GHG emission from mixed eq/tonne of mix
waste landfilling/open dumping 603.51 waste
Total GHG emission from landfilling kg of CO2-
per month 72783.20 eq/month
Total amount of food waste use for
composting 0.36366 Tonnes /month
Total amount of garden waste use for
Total amount of compost production 15.92 Tonnes/month
Percentage of compost use for the agricultural
and gardening purposes 100 %
Results
GHG emissions from waste kg of CO2-eq/tonne of
degradation 177.00 waste
Direct GHG emissions from kg of CO2-eq/tonne of
composting 177.00 waste
Avoided GHG emissions from organic waste kg of CO2-eq/tonne of

landfilling 1087.83 waste
6
Appendix 6
Net GHG emissions from composting (life cycle kg of CO2-eq/tonne of

perspective) -2097.39 organic waste
Total GHG emission from composting per kg of CO2- <<<minus

month -66,033.45 eq/month GHG
means
potential
savings
Percenta
Type of recyclable ge (%)
Paper 40.00
Plastic 36.80
Aluminium 12.60
Steel 0.00
Glass 10.60
Total 100.00
<<<minus GHG
means potential
savings
7
Appendix 7.

Janiuay Subproject
APPENDIX 7
1
Appendix 7.

JANIUAY SUBPROJECT
waste management practices in Janiuay such as transportation and collection of wastes,
mixed waste landfilling, composting, recycling, and open burning.
Under the existing scenario, Janiuay generates 21 tons per day of solid waste which is
approximately equivalent to 630 tons per month. Waste collection efficiency is only 17%,
representing 105 tons per month of collected waste. The collection coverage is located
within a 3-km radius from the center of the municipality. The municipality uses three
surplus vehicles for collection of waste and transport to the dumpsite located about 7 km
away. On the average, two vehicles collectively make 3 4 trips per day to collect
mixed wastes.
The biodegradable wastes which include vegetable and fruit peelings, wet paper and
carton, food waste, and leaves make up the bulk of the waste generated in Janiuay.
These are mainly due to the agricultural nature of the economy and the practice of
including swept tree leaves and trimmings in waste collection. Vermi composting of food
wastes is being practiced in four rural barangays while some households of the Gawad
Kalinga Community are practicing simple backyard composting in containers. The
recyclable materials constitute about 0.26% of the municipal waste. Most of these
recyclables are sold to junkshops.
transported, composted, and open burned were determined. Since there is no landfill in
Janiuay, the amount of solid wastes that is unmanaged and disposed elsewhere in the
environment was used in the estimation of GHG emission from landfilling in an
uncategorized landfill. This was estimated using the following:
Amount of unmanaged = Total waste generated (Waste for composting) (Waste for
solid waste (either recycling) (Waste in open burning)
thrown in environment,
rivers or canals)
Based on the simulation, the current solid waste management practices in the
GHG savings from composting was computed as 1,706 kg CO2-eq/month while from
recycling is about 3,653 kg CO2-eq/month. Overall, the GHG emissions per month of the
current solid waste management system results to a net GHG emission of 239 kg CO2-
eq/month, which also represents potential GHG savings from avoided organic waste
landfilling due to composting and waste recycling.
With the proposed project, it is expected that waste collection efficiency and recycling
will improve and the practice of open burning will be eliminated. A MRF is proposed to
2
Appendix 7.
segregate collected recyclable wastes such as glass, plastics, and metals which will be
baled, temporarily stored and eventually sold to recycling or manufacturing firms. The
current practice of household and barangay composting and recycling will continue with
a projected increase in the amount of wastes to be composted and recovered waste for
recycling because of improvement in waste segregation and increase in collection
efficiency. Resulting compost will be used at the municipal and barangay nurseries and
also given to farmers.
To calculate the GHG emission with the project scenario, the total amount of solid waste
generated was assumed to be the amount of waste collected. Two new and bigger
capacity trucks will be acquired by the project to collect and transport the solid waste to
the MRF site for segregation while residual wastes will be transported to the proposed
SLF. It is assumed that the number of trips will be reduced with the purchase of two
bigger 13 m3 capacity trucks and that the old surplus trucks will be decommissioned. In
addition, it is assumed that since these are new collection trucks, fuel efficiency will be
greater than the old surplus vehicles of the LGU.
Using the IGES simulation in calculating the GHG emissions, the implementation of the
project will result to potential direct GHG emissions of 346,278 kg CO2-eq/month but with
the improvement in the solid waste collection, segregation, and recycling, there will be
indirect GHG savings of 197,794 kg CO2-eq/monthly managed waste and net GHG
emissions of 148,484 kg CO2-eq/month.
direct emissions because of the project is calculated as 1,289 kg CO2-eq/month. Table
1 presents the summary of the GHG emissions with and without the project.

GHG GHG GHG GHG
Emissions Emissions
Transportation 2 0 2 0.3 0 0.3 kg CO2-
eq/ton of
waste
Landfilling of 464 0 464 577 0 577 kg CO2-
mixed eq/ton of
municipal solid mix waste
waste
Composting 177 1,706 -1,529 177 2,235 -2,058 kg CO2-
eq/ton of
organic
waste
Recycling 1,297 3,653 -2,356 1,297 3,653 -2,356 kg CO2-
eq/ton of
mixed
recyclables
Open burning 82 0 82 0 0 0 kg CO2-
eq/ton of
open
burned
waste
GHG reduction 265 26 239 550 314 236 kg CO2-
3
Appendix 7.

GHG GHG GHG GHG
Emissions Emissions
from the whole eq/ton of
system collected
waste
Total GHG 166,041 16,268 149,773 346,278 197,794 148,484 kg CO2-
month managed
waste
4
Appendix 7.
GHG Calculation
(Using IGES Simulation Tool)
EXISTING CONDITION:
Results



Food waste 4.00
Garden waste 40.00
Plastics 4.00
Paper 6.00
Textile 0.20
Leather/rubber 2.00
Glass 2.00
Metal 2.20
Others 39.40
Total 100.00
Results
Total amount of food waste use for composting 6 Tonnes /month

Total amount of garden waste use for composting 0 Tonnes /month
Total amount of compost production 3 Tonnes /month
Percentage of compost use for the agricultural and gardening 100 %
5
Appendix 7.
purposes
Results
Total GHG emission from composting per month -9,171.92 kg of CO2-eq/month
Total amount of separated recyclables 1.652 Tonnes/month

Type of recyclable Percentage (%)
Paper 28.50
Plastic 33.20
Aluminium 13.70
Steel 5.40
Glass 19.20
Total 100.00
Results
Direct GHG emissions from recycling 1296.57 kg of CO2-eq/tonne of mixed recyclables
Avoided GHG emissions from recycling 3652.73 kg of CO2-eq/tonne of mixed recyclables
Net GHG emissions from recycling (life cycle perspective) -2356.17 kg of CO2-eq/tonne of mixed recyclables
<<<minus GHG
means potential
Total GHG reduction from recycling per month -3,892.39 kg of CO2-eq/month savings
Total amount of waste open burned 330 tonnes/month

Food waste 0.00
Garden waste 75.00
Plastics 5.00
Paper 17.00
Textile 0.50
Leather/rubber 0.00
Glass 0.00
Metal 0.00
Others 2.00
6
Appendix 7.
Total 100.00
Total GHG emission from open burning per month 26,993.19 kg of CO2-eq/month

Total diesel fuel consumption for transportation 65 L/month
Results

Total amoun to diesel fuel use for operation
of machineries at the landfill 32 L/month
Managed (has landfill
Type of landfill in your municipality cover and liner)

Food waste 1.84
Garden waste 41.04
Plastics 4.42
Paper 2.58
Textile 0.74
Leather/rubber 2.12
Glass 2.48
Metal 2.47
Others 41.96
Total 100.00
Results
kg of CO2-
Direct GHG emission from mixed waste eq/tonne of mix
landfilling/open dumping 576.70 waste
Total GHG emission from landfilling per kg of CO2-
month 317120.83 eq/month
Total amount of food waste use for composting 6.9 Tonnes /month
composting 60 Tonnes /month
7
Appendix 7.
Total amount of fossil-fuel use for operational

activities 2 L/month
Results
GHG emissions from operational kg of CO2-eq/tonne of
activities 0.08 waste
Avoided GHG emissions from chemical fertilizer kg of CO2-eq/tonne of

production 1075.65 waste

means
potential
savings
Percent
Type of recyclable age (%)
Paper 28.50
Plastic 33.20
Aluminium 13.70
Steel 5.40
Glass 19.20
Total 100.00
8
Appendix 8.

La Trinidad Subproject
APPENDIX 8
1
Appendix 8.
APPENDIX 8. ESTIMATION OF GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION

LA TRINIDAD SUBPROJECT
waste management practices in La Trinidad such as transportation and collection of
wastes, mixed waste landfilling, composting, recycling, and open burning.
The information gathered during the surveys is used in calculating the GHG contribution
under the existing scenario. Based on available information, the municipality of La
Trinidad generates 72.57 tons per day of solid waste that is approximately equivalent to
2,177 tons per month. Food waste constitute about 36% of the total waste, followed by
plastics (21.3%); paper/cardboard (15.1%); nappies/disposable diapers (7.8%); textiles
(5.2%); mineral waste (4.4%); wood (3.9%); glass (1.7%); metals (0.1%); rubber/leather
(1.6%); aluminum (0.6%); and residuals (1.9%).
Current waste collection efficiency is 71%, representing 1,545 tons per month of waste.
The municipality uses 11 dump trucks that collect wastes around the municipality thrice
a day for dumping at the existing controlled dumpsite/landfill located about 16.12 km
away from the Poblacion.
The current practice of waste segregation by households and at existing MRFs was also
considered in the calculation. About 71% of waste is disposed at the existing controlled
dumpsite/landfill while the remaining are composted (0.3%), recovered for recycling
(6.2%), and burned (22.5%).
transported, composted, recovered for recycling and open burned were determined.
Based on the IGES simulation, the current solid waste management practices in the
GHG savings primarily from existing composting activities at MRFs and from household
and waste picking and recycling practices was computed as 383,260 kg CO2-eq/month.
The contribution of open burning of wastes to GHG emission was calculated as 160 kg
CO2-eq/month of open burned waste. Overall, the GHG emissions per month of the
current solid waste management system results to a net GHG emission of 568,516 kg
CO2-eq/monthly managed waste.
With the proposed project, it is expected that coverage of waste collection in La Trinidad
will increase to 100%. A new cell of the sanitary landfill will be constructed and the
operation of the MRF will be improved. It is estimated at about 21.5% of waste will
undergo segregation, recycling and composting while 78.5% will be disposed at the
sanitary landfill. A proposed waste to energy facility option is being considered by the
LGU although this is not included in the ADB loan. Of the amount of waste recovered,
food wastes and garden and park waste will undergo composting while the recyclables
will be segregated further at the MRFs.
2
Appendix 8.
The residual wastes from recycling and composting will be either brought to the sanitary
landfill or in the future to a proposed WTE facility. For purposes of calculating the GHG
contribution of the project, the future WTE component was not considered in the
calculation and only the activities related to landfilling, composting, and recycling were
considered in the analysis.
With these considerations during project implementation, the GHG emission with the
proposed project is calculated as 1,416,271 kg CO2-eq/month. The avoided GHG
emission from the project is 1,114,790 kg CO2-eq/month which is primarily due to the
improvement in composting and recycling activities. Therefore, the resulting net GHG
emission with the proposed project is 301,480 kg CO2-eq/monthly managed waste.
direct emissions because of the project is calculated as 267,036 kg CO2-eq/monthly
managed waste. Table 1 presents the summary of the GHG emissions with and without
the project.

Direct Indirect Indirect
Activity Net GHG Direct GHG Net GHG Unit
GHG GHG GHG
Emissions Emissions Emissions
Emissions Savings Savings
Transportation 3 0 3 4 0 4 kg CO2-
eq/ton of
waste
Landfilling of mixed 435 0 435 632 0 632 kg CO2-
municipal solid eq/ton of
waste mix waste
Composting 177 1,706 -1,529 177 2,117 -1,940 kg CO2-
eq/ton of
organic
waste
Recycling 1,454 2,763 -1,309 1,454 2,763 -1,309 kg CO2-
eq/ton of
mixed
recyclables
Open burning 160 0 160 0 0 0 kg CO2-
eq/ton of
open
burned
waste
GHG reduction 438 176 262 650 512 138 kg CO2-
from the whole eq/ton of
system collected
waste
Total GHG 951,775 383,260 568,516 1,416,270 1,114,790 301,480 kg CO2-
month managed
waste
3
Appendix 8.
Annex
GHG Calculation
EXISTING CONDITION:

Results


Total amount of diesel fuel use for operation of machineries at
100
the landfill L/month

Food waste 6.00
Garden waste 35.00
Plastics 6.00
Paper 6.00
Textile 0.20
Leather/rubber 2.00
Glass 2.00
Metal 2.20
Others 40.40
Total 100.00
Results
Total amount of compost production 3 Tonnes /month
purposes 100 %
4
Appendix 8.
Results
Avoided GHG emissions from chemical fertilier production 1075.65 kg of CO2-eq/tonne of waste
Total amount of seperated recyclables 135 tonnes/month

Percentage
Paper 7.45
Plastic 53.15
Aluminium 9.27
Steel 1.98
Glass 28.15
Total 100.00
Total GHG reduction from recycling per month -176,665.44 kg of CO2-eq/month <<<minus GHG
means potential
savings

Food waste 0.00
Garden waste 61.00
Plastics 10.00
Paper 17.00
Others 12.00
Total 100.00
5
Appendix 8.


Total diesel fuel consumption for transportation 3,100 L/month
Results

Total amoung of diesel fuel use for
212
operation of machineries at the landfill L/month
Managed (has landfill
Type of landfill in your municipality cover and liner)

Food waste 35.98
Garden waste 15.60
Plastics 3.21
Paper 2.13
Textile 5.18
Leather/rubber 1.65
Glass 1.70
Metal 0.68
Others 33.71
Total 100.00
Results
kg of CO2-
composting 138 Tonnes /month
Total amoung of fossil-fuel use for operational
Total amount of compost production 138 Tonnes/month
6
Appendix 8.

Results
GHG emissions from operational kg of CO2-eq/tonne of
activities 0.20 waste


means
potential
savings
Percent
Type of recyclable age (%)
Paper 7.45
Plastic 53.15
Aluminium 9.27
Steel 1.98
Glass 28.15
Total 100.00
Total GHG reduction from recycling per month -251,257.51 kg of CO2-eq/month <<<minus GHG
means potential
savings
7
Appendix 9.

La Trinidad Subproject
APPENDIX 9
1
Appendix 9.

MALAY/BORACAY SUBPROJECT
waste management practices in Malay such as transportation and collection of wastes,
mixed waste landfilling, composting, recycling, waste-to-energy and open burning. For
purposes of the GHG calculation, IGES uses the term incineration to also refer to
waste-to-energy technologies that contribute to GHG mitigation and energy recovery.
While incineration process releases a significant amount of CO2 into the atmosphere and
thus contributes to the greenhouse effect, the IPCC guidelines recommended only the
climate-relevant CO2 emissions from the combustion of fossil based waste for the
estimation of GHG emissions.1
Under the existing scenario, Malay and Boracay generates 1,826 tons per month of solid
waste. Malays waste collection efficiency is 60% (32 tons/month) whereas collection
efficiency in Boracay is at 94% (1,576 tons/month). The municipality uses an average of
10 trucks which makes two trips per day to transport recyclable wastes to MRFs and
residual wastes to the dumpsite. Food waste constitute about 33.1% of the total waste,
followed by plastics (21.4%); glass (8.3%); wood (7.0%); paper/cardboard (7.0%);
garden and park waste (6.2%); nappies or disposable diapers (3.8%); textiles (3.2%);
metals (2.2%); aluminum (0.2%); mineral waste (0.2%); and residuals (4.5%).
Segregated waste collection is enforced in the municipality and is practiced in nearly all
barangays in Malay. Dry materials composed of paper/cardboard, plastics, glass,
metals, and aluminum is segregated at the MRFs while the food waste undergo
composting. Residual wastes that accumulate at Boracay recycling centers are also
collected and disposed at the existing controlled dumpsite/landfill. Overall, about 83% of
waste is disposed at the controlled dumpsite/landfill in Malay, 2% is composted, 4% is
recovered for recycling, and 11% is burned by households.
transported, composted, and open burned were determined. Based on the simulation,
the current solid waste management practices in the municipality directly contribute
1,082,391 kg CO2-eq/monthly managed waste. Indirect GHG savings primarily from
composting and waste recycling practices was computed as 231,790 kg CO2-eq/month.
In terms of open burning of wastes, the GHG contribution amounts to 165 kg CO2-
eq/month of waste. Overall, the GHG emissions per month of the current solid waste
management system results to a net GHG emission of 850,601 kg CO2-eq/monthly
managed waste.
With the proposed project, it is expected that waste collection in Malay will increase to
75% in Malay and 100% in Boracay. The existing dumpsite will be closed and an
upgraded sanitary landfill will be constructed. In addition, the MRF operation will be
improved and a waste-to-energy (WTE) facility will be constructed, operated and
1
IGES User Manual for Simulation, Version II, 01 October 2013
2
Appendix 9.
maintained by 2016. Of the amount of waste recovered, food wastes and garden and
park waste will undergo composting while the recyclables will be segregated further at
the MRFs. When the WTE starts operation in 2016, the accumulated residual waste
amounting to about 872 tons/month from the MRFs in Manoc-Manoc and Balabag and
from landfill mining, which are primarily containing fines and ash, will be used as refuse-
derived fuel for the WTE. Therefore, total waste generation in 2016 would amount to
2,964 tons/month because of the processing of the additional accumulated wastes from
landfill mining and the residual wastes at the existing MRFs.
Since there are limitations in the use of the IGES tool for WTE processes, the GHG
estimates for the future WTE activity used the continuous fluidized bed technology which
is the closest technology to the proposed gasification process.2
With these considerations during project implementation, the GHG emission with the
proposed project is calculated as 2,296,864 kg CO2-eq/month. The indirect GHG
savings from the project is 1,041,024 kg CO2-eq/month. The resulting net GHG
emissions with the proposed project results to GHG savings of -930,285 kg CO2-
eq/monthly managed waste, primarily brought about by the managed landfilling,
composting, recycling, and WTE activities.
direct emissions of GHG because of the project is calculated as 2,012,676 kg CO2-
eq/month. Table 1 presents the summary of the GHG emissions with and without the
project.

GHG GHG GHG GHG
Emissions Emissions
Transportation 2 0 2 1 0 1 kg CO2-eq/ton of
waste
Landfilling of 639 0 639 538 0 538 kg CO2-eq/ton of
mixed municipal mix waste
solid waste
Composting 177 1,716 -1,539 177 2,060 -1,883 kg CO2-eq/ton of
organic waste
Recycling 1,084 2,460 -1,376 1,084 2,460 -1,376 kg CO2-eq/ton of
mixed
recyclables
Waste-to-Energy 0 0 0 796 144 -326 kg CO2-eq/ton of
WTE waste
Open burning 165 0 165 0 0 0 kg CO2-eq/ton of
open burned
waste
GHG reduction 593 127 466 775 351 -314 kg CO2-eq/ton of
from the whole collected waste
2
The IGES tool simulates the GHG emission from incineration processes from (i) continuous
stocker, (2) continuous fluidized bed, (3) semi-continuous stocker, and (4) semi-continuous
fluidized bed.
3
Appendix 9.

GHG GHG GHG GHG
Emissions Emissions
system
Total GHG 1,082,391 231,791 850,601 2,296,864 1,041,024 -930,285 kg CO2-
month managed waste
4
Appendix 9.
Annex
GHG Calculation
EXISTING CONDITION:

Results


Total amount of diesel fuel use for operation of machineries at
the landfill 100 L/month

Food waste 30.93
Garden waste 2.54
Plastics 23.50
Paper 24.26
Textile 1.53
Leather/rubber 0.54
Glass 8.40
Metal 2.36
Others 5.72
Total 100.00
Results

Total amount of garden waste use for composting 2 Tonnes /month
5
Appendix 9.
Total amount of compost production 19.5 Tonnes /month

purposes 100 %
Results

Percentage
Paper 33.00
Plastic 15.00
Aluminium 3.00
Steel 10.00
Glass 39.00
Total 100.00
<<<minus GHG
means potential
savings

Food waste 0.00
Garden waste 70.00
Plastics 10.00
Paper 17.00
Textile 3.00
Others 0.00
Total 100.00
6
Appendix 9.


Results
Direct GHG emissions from transportation 062 kg of CO2-eq/tonne of waste

Total amount of diesel fuel use for
operation of machineries at the landfill 150 L/month
Managed (has landfill cover
Type of landfill in your municipality and liner)

Food waste 15.20
Garden waste 6.10
Plastics 15.30
Paper 13.10
Textile 1.20
Leather/rubber 0.30
Glass 6.30
Metal 2.20
Others 40.2
Total 100.00
Results
kg of CO2-
7
Appendix 9.

Results


means
potential
savings
Percenta
Type of recyclable ge (%)
Paper 33.00
Plastic 15.00
Aluminium 3.00
Steel 10.00
Glass 39.00
Total 100.00
<<<minus GHG
means potential
savings
Select the type of incineration Continuoues-fluidised bed
8
Appendix 9.
tonnes/mont
Enter the total amount of waste incinerated 2236.79 h
Total amount of fossil fuel use for the operation
kWh/month
Total amont of grid electricity use for the operation activities 100000
Please enter the compostion of incinerating waste

Percentag
Component e (%)
Food waste 30.10
Garden waste 12.54
Plastics 27.00
Paper 22.30
Textile 2.00
Leather/rubber 1.00
Glass 1.00
Metal 0.00
Others 4.06
Total 100.00
Data input on energy recovery

Both Heat
Select the type of energy recovered from incineration and Electricity
kWh/month
Total amount of electricity produced 745,071
Percentage of electricity use for onsite operation activities 13.5 %
MJ/month
Total amount of heat recovered 7933.333
Percentage of recovered heat use for onsite operation
activities 60 %
Select the type of fossil fuel that replace by the recovered
heat Diesel
Outputs
kWh/tonne
Net electricity production 288.14
MJ/tonne
Net heat production 1.42
Results
kg of CO2-eq/tonne of
GHG emissions from operational activities 22.64 combusted waste
GHG emissions from the combustion of waste 773.26 combusted waste
Direct fossil-based GHG emissions from incineration 795.90 combusted waste
9
Appendix 9.
Avoided CO2 emission from kg of CO2-eq/tonne of

conventional electricity production 144.36 combusted waste
Avoided CO2 emission from convential fuel usage for heat kg of CO2-eq/tonne of
production 0.11 combusted waste
landfilling 977.35 combusted waste
Net fossil based GHG emissions from incineration (life kg of CO2-eq/tonne of

cycle perspective) -325.91 incinerated waste
<<<minus
kg of CO2- GHG
Total GHG emission from Incineration per month -728,980.15 eq/month means
potential
savings
10
Annexes:
1. LGU Selection Matrix for PSWMSP
2. LGU Selection Procedure for PSWMSP
3. Proposed Highly Urbanized Cities (HUCs) for PSWMSP and Mission reports
3.1 Baquio Mission Report
3.2 Dumaguete Mission Report
3.3 General Santos Mission Report
3.4 Santa Rosa Mission Report
3.5 Zambonga Proposal
4. List of Open and Controlled Dumpsites
5. Existing Sanitary Landfills
6. Template for MOU between DENR and LGU
Annex .
LGU Selection Matrix

ANNEX 1
Annex .
LGU Selection Matrix:
1 2 3 4 5 6
Commitment to Assessment of actual Is the FS doable, Does the LGU have LGU included in PPTA Consultants
Region LGU implement RA 9003 and suitability as a model within time frame ENRO willing to recommendations of Ranking and
take on investment for PSWMP and resources support the FS Pre PPTA and/or ADB Comment
project and/or DENR
CAR La 1. For over 10 years, La Aims to establish a Doable: Land availability is Included in Pre-PPTA Selected/EMB
Trinidad has tried, albeit sustainable SWM system: LGU has acceptable critical, indigenous long list of LGUs. PPTA support
Trinidad without success, to solve Rehab. of the compost site for SLF and ERF peoples ancestral Mayors efforts to
SWM issues and to comply review of MRF processes EMB region CAR also rights a consideration. establish sustainable
with RA 9003 ERF through PPP highly supportive ENRO not established SWM system in La
2. Mayor asked help from Rehab. and extension 10-Year SWM Plan in as an office, but there Trinidad
DENR/ADB. of existing landfill 2004 is an ENR Officer
3. DENR has received a LOI capacity development Junk Shops are
from La Trinidad training and public benefitting at the cost
4. Population is 100,000 awareness programs of the barangays
Region 3 Baler 1. Clustering suggestions Province committed P5m FS doable within ENRO well established Not included in Pre- Mayor is strongly in
Auroa previously failed due to towards the cluster PPTA resources. Willing to support FS. PPTA or ADB favor of participating in
political disagreement. Land is available Investment plan recommendations. PSWMSP. Baler is
2.Total potential population includes SLF and willing to take up a
to be served is 34,500 Energy Recovery loan
3. Willingness to borrow Facility (ERF)
Region Sta. 1. With SWMP approved Wastes collection is FS is not doable: no LGU has financial Project is not vulnerable Sta. Rosa Laguna
by NSWMC and City contracted site available in City capability and to results of coming represents
4a Rosa Council SLF is out of city for SW disposal. expressed willingness election CALABARZON
2. With Ordinances and an City spends P54M. Discussion with Silang to borrow to implement wealthiest cities.
Environmental Code in The city has committed for a site is ongoing. SWM program.
Support of SWM to comply with RA 9003. Several studies related
3. Has separate CENRO LGU is willing to to SWM available from
Office managing SWM participate in PSWMSP previous studies.
Region 6 Boracay 1. Mayor is strongly in Boragay is a major Doable. Strong need for MENRO established Included in Pre-PPTA/ Selected by
favor of participating in tourism center in the technologies on bio- as plantilla position. ADB recommendations. FASPO/EMB
PPTA. Philippines and urgency waste and machinery for Willing to support FS. Facilitating of FS/Master PPTA
2. Strong need for to improve its SWM MRF, barges, collectors, Current SWM system Plan preparation in 2008. recommendation.
technology. facilities is pivotal. compactors, and basically complies The FS was used by the Mayor is strongly in
3.Total potential population It could be a model for including capacity with RA 2009. LGU to apply for a loan favor of participating
to be served is 38,000 and other tourism center. building program to from the ADB of DBP to in PSWMSP
about 4000 tourist per day. reduce packaging waste finance the construction
in the island etc. of Phase 1-A of the SLF.
Region 6 Janiuay 1. Cluster agreement Ideal. Shows novel Access good by air. ENRO established as Recommended to be Selected by EMB
documented with 9 LGUs in arrangements for non- Highly doable. LGU has plantilla position from considered by Pre Clearly the highest
the District with Janiuay as political agreements acceptable site for 2004, and ENRO well PPTA. ranking LGU for a
SWM focus, formed under SEC. either SLF or ERF. trained in UP. SWM program cluster arrangement,
association under SEC to The cluster has potential Cluster committed to Ordinance applied implementation not commitment assured.
minimize political disruption. to expand beyond the 9 support FS. Region 6 with MRFs at vulnerable to results of Potential for expansion
2. Transparent Agreement LGUs for alternative also highly supportive barangay level. coming election and alternative techn.
3. Total population to be technologies. with benefits from LGU and EMB highly Benefit from well
served is 400,000+ SWM4LGUs experience supportive to FS established REC/ETC
from GIZ. survey requirements
Region 7 Dumaguete 1. No documents of Present very poor No land available, no ENRO established. Not included in Pre- No land>>landfill
agreement and no LGU implementation of SWM. solution proposed by Willing to support FS for PPTA or ADB mining and WTE
participating unless Disposal site is an open LGU that can be ERF project recommendations. Poor commitments to
alternative technology. dump near river. accommodated in FS Current status of SWM comply RA 9003.
2. Total population to be City has been warned by within timescale very poor. Regional
served is 200,000 approx. EMB for poor SWM. DENR warning of fines.
CAR Baguio 1. With SWMP submitted Equipment and plant to No identified site SWM. LGU has the capability SWM program Baguios landfill has
to NSWMC and approved handle of bio- waste FS not doable within to borrow for implementation not been closed since its
by City Council Segregated collection PPTA time frame implementation of SWM vulnerable to results of partial collapsed in
2. With ordinances and second sorting at Presently in negotiation program coming election 2011. Its extension is
supporting SWM. transfer station with a private corp. for unrealistic. Urgent
3. CENRO office not Disposed site out of city. wastes to energy option actions are needed.
managing SWM but GSO. LGU is fully committed to which can no longer be (Baguio has a WTE
SWM improvement. included in PPTA FS. concept with PPP)
CARAGA Siargao Del Carmen has a written Integrated Solid Waste Doable: According to Mayor ADB recommendation Selected by EMB
commitment to avail Management proposal LGU has reserved LGUs SWM technical to review during the Waste generation is
funding for its SWM has been submitted to initially a two hectare and institutional pre-PPTA low, but using also
development. DENR and ADB site for SLF. LGU can capacity is weak. coconut waste a
The LGU of Carmen which Del Carmen is eying a acquire additional land Since the whole small - scale CHP
is willing to host the landfill. small scale ERF with a for 20 years SWM Siargao island is plant could be
Total Population 18000 PPP investment needs. protected, Mayor implemented.
Eco tourism area According to Mayor major concern is Income from energy
there are no proper SWM. LGU is sale could be used to
resettlement or IP willing to fully comply pay loan payment.
issues. with RA 2009.
PPTA 8115 PHI:
Philippines Solid Waste Management Sector Project
Annex 2 Selection Procedure of LGUs for PSWNSP
Selection of LGU to Participate in the Investment

Program on the Philippine SWM Project
ANNEX 2
PPTA 8115 PHI:

SELECTION OF LGU TO PARTICIPATE IN THE INVESTMENT PROGRAM
ON THE PHILIPPINE SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PROJECT
A. Proponent Eligibility
1. Eligibility and Selection of LGUs

1. The Final Report represents the Investment Program on the Philippine Solid Waste
Management Project (PSWMSP), which is available for all provinces, cities and municipalities.
Under the present SWM sector project, the National Government will take the loan from ADB
and use it to fund SWM projects selected LGUs. The selected LGUs will receive substantial
portion of grant from NG for all basic SWM infrastructure development. To ensure alignment
with the objective to improve the quality, coverage, and reliability of SWM services and
infrastructure improvement in the participating LGUs. Financial assistance will focus on SWM
improvement with or/and without PPP arrangements.
2. Criteria for LGUs selection will be based primarily on (a) urgency and well-defined
investment needs for solid waste management improvement; (b) financial management,
commitment to establish a specific account for SWM and governance; (c) inclusion of serving
low-income communities; (d) project preparedness such as approved Feasibility Study or/and
approved or conditionally approved SWM plan; (e) potential for establishing regional SWM
facility; and (f) opportunities for private sector participation. Participating provinces, cities and
municipalities shall meet the following eligibility criteria:
a) Approved and conditionally approved Solid Waste Management Plan
b) Letter of Intent (LOI) from the Mayors Office or Governors Office expressing
interest to participate in the Investment Program of PSWMS for the identified
subproject;
c) Resolution from the Sangunyanbayan confirming the need for the proposed
subproject and authorizing the Mayor enter into PSWMS project with DENR, and
incur obligations and expenses relating to the subproject such as resettlement,
IP or waste pickers permanent lost of working opportunities, taxes and duties;
2. Private Proponent Eligibility for PPP
3. Due to substantial investments in SWM, specifically for WTE technology in HUCs,
private-sector involvement is necessary. Technology providers and financing Institution's
partnership with major cities and/or Waste Management operators are necessary to enhance
economic activities, provide job opportunities and contribute to much-needed energy production.
To increase private sector involvement following financing arrangements has been set. Private
proponent is eligible to borrow from the National Government Banks (DBP or Landbank) or
private banks.... to participate in WTE components of the Investment Program of PSWMSP.
These sub-projects will be endorsed by DENR/LGU as PPP arrangements to support to SWM
infrastructure and service development. Private proponent shall meet the following eligibility
criteria:
a) Letter of Intent from the Managing Director or President of the private proponent,
endorsed by the Board of Directors expressing: (i) interest to participate in the
Investment Program of PSWMS for the identified WTE subproject; and (ii)
commitment to provide counterpart funding in addition to the amount being
PPTA 8115 PHI:

borrowed to support the development, implementation, completion and operation
of the subproject as covered by the PPP agreement;
b) Letter from the Mayors Office confirming that the selection of the private
proponent for the proposed subproject will be taken in cooperation with
DENR/DOST in accordance with applicable laws and guidelines such as the
Joint-venture, BOT-Law, rules and regulations related to WTE, and among
others;
c) Certifications form DENR/EMB technology verifications and copy of the
resolution from the Legislative Council/ the Sangunyanbayan confirming the
need for the proposed subproject and authorizing the Mayors Office to enter
into contract with the said private proponent, and including obligations and
expenses relating to the subproject;
d) A copy of the signed public-private-partnership (PPP) agreement among the
concerned parties; and Certification from the proponent that it has no adverse
reports from its banks and suppliers during the past three years.
B. Subproject Eligibility Criteria
1. Subproject Prequalification Requirements

4. Detailed screening will be undertaken to ensure that the proposal is consistent with the
development objective of the PSWMS project. The following are the eligibility criteria for
proposed subprojects:
a) Resolution from the Local Development Council confirming that the subproject is
consistent with the Comprehensive Development Plan (CDP) and the
Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP) of the LGU;
b) Inclusion of the subproject in the approved planning document of the LGU such
as the City Development Strategy, the Medium Term Local Development Plan;
and Annual Investment Plan, among others; and
c) The proposal/Feasibility Study should: (a)consist of expansion or/and
improvement of the service level of SWM; and (b) contribute to the economic
growth and well benign of the citizens in participating LGU
d) Proposal/Feasibility Study should determinate the projects preliminary
environmental, resettlement and social and poverty impacts
e) Proponent shall present an applicable, proof of ownership, such as titles and
deeds, over the proposed subproject site.
2. Eligible Sub-projects
5. Criteria for local government selection will be based primarily on (a) demand for
improved solid waste management; (b) fiscal capacity, financial management, commitment to
establish a specific account for SWM, and governance; (c) inclusion of serving low-income
communities; (d) well-defined investment needs; (e) project preparedness such as approved
Feasibility Study or/and new SWM plan; (f) potential for establishing regional SWM facility; and
(g) opportunities for private sector participation.
3. Sub-projects Scope
6. In preparing investment programs for each of the SPARs consider (a) reduce, reuse,
recycle (3Rs); (b) material recovery facilities (MRFs); (c) composting; (d) collection, transport
PPTA 8115 PHI:

and logistics arrangements; (e) rehabilitation and/or closure of open dumpsites; (f) emission
reduction and carbon credits from WTE (bio-gas, landfill gas and from thermal treatment); (g)
landfill mining; (h) construction or rehabilitation of new sanitary landfills, particularly regional
landfills serving more than one local government; (i) and other related investment leading to
improved service and management quality, such as compliance with financial, legal and
environment requirements.
C. Subproject Appraisal
7. Subproject appraisal will be undertaken by the PMO and the ADB based on feasibility
studies endorsed by the DENR. Detailed Engineering Design Requirements ensures that there
is a common set of guidelines for evaluating subproject proposals.
8. Where LGU or (private proponent for WTE) has already completed a feasibility study,
the applicant can directly submit application to the DENR/FASPO and PMO review. The
application shall consist of an executive summary of the project and the supporting prefeasibility
study. Among the technical considerations social, environmental, financial and economical
impacts will be assessed during the appraisal.
a) Least cost analysis. The design of the subproject should confirm a cost-
effective project implementation by undertaken comparative alternative
designs. The subproject can be implemented by LGU or LGU through PPP
arrangements. In both cases the project viability will be assessed in the
review of the technical aspect.
b) Social Impact. Consultations with affected stakeholders will be done according
to the current GoP/ADB practices to establish the need and support for the
subproject. Necessary documentation will be secured.
c) Demand Analysis. Demand and supply analysis of WTE will be conducted to
establish the market for the subproject. The analysis will cover the subproject
impacts area which could extend outside the political jurisdiction of the LGU.
d) Financial and Economic Analysis. Financial and economic analysis will be
undertaken for all subprojects, while all subprojects are revenue-generating.
The project viability will be assessed be calculating the Net Present Value (NPV)
and the Internal Rate of Return (IRR).
e) Environmental Impacts. Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) will be
conducted to assess project environmental impacts and further to establish
environmental monitoring program. The Environmental Compliance Certificate
(ECC) of the Certificate of Non-Coverage (CNC) should be secured from the
Department of the Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) as a pre-
requisite to subproject approval. WTE projects require technology verification
from DOST and EMB
D. Subproject Approval
9. EMB/DENR with concurrence of ADB will approve the Sub-projects. Based on the four
SWM sub-projects costing both agencies have established levels of approval which will also be
applied to the proposed HUCs SWM sub-projects. A standard format for PPP arrangements
with the private proponent will be developed as part of the Investment Program Operations
Manual. The private proponents Loan Agreement with GOP banks or private will be the
responsibility of participating bank.
PPTA 8115 PHI:

i. Subproject Procurement and Financial Management
10. The EMB/PMO will provide technical assistance to the LGUs on ADB procurement
guidelines to facilitate contracting for the approved subprojects. Financial management
assistance, on the other hand, will be provided by PMO/ADB, in coordination with the DENR, to
enable the disbursement of funds in accordance with ADB guidelines.
11. The Project Management Office at the EMB shall coordinate with the Foreign Assisted
and Special Projects Office (FASPO) and the Financial Management Service (FMS) of the
DENR in administering the Project funds and accounts. FASPO, through its Project Accounts
Management Division (PAMD), in coordination with the PMO shall be responsible for the
preparation and submission of withdrawal applications and statement of expenditures (SOEs) to
ADB. FMS, in coordination with the PMO and FASPO, shall be responsible for preparation and
submission of the Projects annual budget proposals and requests for release of allotment
advices and notices of cash allocations to the Department of Budget and Management.
ii. Subproject Implementation and Monitoring
12. Project performance monitoring. The PMO will be responsible for all aspects of
monitoring and evaluation, including performance against overall Project milestone, safeguards
monitoring and financial commitments. Physical and financial progress report on Project
achievements will be prepared quarterly and summarized annually.
13. The Project Performance Monitoring System (PPMS) will be prepared and presented to
the DENR/EMP within three (3) months after the start of the PIMS consulting assignment. The
PPMS involves the use of projected targets, performance indicators, assumptions and risks in
the DMF. The PMO will undertake monitoring activities on an annual basis, adopting the same
indicators and parameters and report its findings and recommendations to the DENR/EMP and
ADB. A comprehensive completion survey will also be conducted and results of which will be
included in the Project Completion Report.
14. Compliance monitoring. ADB will undertake regular review mission to assess the
status of compliance of the Project and the EA with the loan covenants related to policy, legal,
economic, financial, environmental and institutional elements. Non-compliance issues identified
during the ADB review missions will be specified in the quarterly progress reports together with
the recommended courses of action.
E. Selection of the Four Pilot LGUs for Philippine SWM Sector Project
15. The primary consideration in the selection of LGUs who can avail of the assistance from
the next phase of the project is the framework used in the proposed road. In brief, the 1635
LGUs have been classified into 3 Tiers based on waste collection.
16. Tier 1 includes 52 LGUs collecting waste within a range greater than or equal to 120 tpd
assuming a collection range greater than or equal to 87%. Spatially, this includes the seven (7)
major cities in southern Philippines namely Iloilo, Bacolod, Mandaue, Cebu, Cagayan de Oro,
Zamboanga and Davao, the major cities in Calabarzon namely Bacoor, Calamba, Dasmarinas,
San Jose del Monte and Antipolo and the populous cities of NCR namely Muntinglupa, Makati,
Marikina, Pasig, Valenzuela, Paranaque, Las Pinas, Taguig, Manila, Caloocan and Quezon
City.
17. Tier 2 includes 555 LGUs collecting waste within a range from 9 to 120 tpd assuming a
collection range of 60 to 87%.
PPTA 8115 PHI:

18. Tier 3 includes 1,028 LGUs collecting a waste within a range of 1 to 6 tpd assuming a
range of 15 to 45 % collection.
19. The 555 LGUs under Tier 2 have been targeted in the next phase of the project. The 11
LGUs which have originally been selected by the PPTA Team were also considered as targets
for assistance in the Philippine Solid Waste Management Sector Project (Table 1).
Table 1: LGUs originally shortlisted by the PPTA Team for the Pilot Study
No. LGU Feature Region
1 Baguio Urban area with large population and potential for clustering CAR
2 Dumaguete City Urban area with potential for clustering 7
3 Aurora - Baler Small LGU cluster 3
4 Tagaytay Urban area with potential for clustering 4A
5 Albuquerque Cluster of small towns and 1 big urban area 7
6 Carmen - Dagohoy Small LGU cluster 7
7 Calapan - Naujan Small LGU cluster 4B
8 Talavera Medium LGU with potential for clustering 3
9 Camiguin Small cluster of LGUs in an island 10
10 Bayambang Small town with potential for clustering 1
11 Lapu-Lapu Urban area where technology will be employed 7
20. The following criteria were successively applied to the above mentioned LGUs.
1. Waste Collection 50 tpd. It has been established in the PPTA study that a minimum
collection of 50 tpd is needed to sustain the operation of a waste to energy facility. This
criterion will also facilitate selection of LGUs that can stand alone or serve as the core of
a cluster of contiguous towns or cities. When applied to the Tier 2 LGUs (555) and the
PPTA shortlist (11), the number of potential recipients or qualifier to the PSMMSP was
reduced to 82.
2. LGUs with existing disposal facility or located nearby major disposal sites. The
presence or proximity will make the proposed project redundant to these facilities. There
are 11 LGUs satisfying this criterion. When applied to the remaining 82, the number of
LGUs was reduced to 71.
3. LGUs with planned WTE plants. Based on available information, WTE plants are
proposed to be established in Lapu-Lapu City, Naga City in Camarines Sur and Angeles
City. This reduces the LGUs to 68.
21. The remaining 68 LGUs were grouped based on proximity or similarity in province or
region to determine if the proposed project can benefit not only the selected city or town but also
neighboring large waste generators. This resulted in the placement of the candidate LGUs into
25 provinces.
22. The aggregate waste generation of each province or region was calculated and rated
from highest to lowest. The top 10 waste generators and waste collectors correspond to the
short listed cluster or LGUs. The choice was based on the premise that these clusters have the
greater potential to pollute the environment if their waste is not properly managed. Table 2
presents the LGU selection matrix.
PPTA 8115 PHI:

Table 2: LGU Selection Matrix
Existing or Proposed Number Aggregate Ranking Based
Collection Potential
No. LGU Region Nearby WTE of collection on Aggregate
(tpd) Cluster
SLF Plant Clusters (tpd) Collection
1 Malasiqui 1 52
2 San Carlos City 1 57 170 11
Pangasinan 1
3 Dagupan City 1 61
4 Urdaneta 1 63 1
5 Santiago 2 51
Isabela 2 107 17
6 Ilagan 2 56
7 Hagonoy 3 51
8 Bocaue 3 53
12 Baliuag 3 61
14 Meycauayan 3 66
15 Malolos 3 71 Bulacan 3 582 3
17 Norzagaray 3 77 2
18 Marilao 3 94
23 Santa Maria 3 125
54 San Miguel 3 61
9 Arayat 3 54
10 Concepcion 3 55
11 Mexico 3 60
13 Lubao 3 62
Pampanga 4 534 5
16 Magalang 3 73
21 San Fernando 3 110
26 Angeles City 3 188 1
22 Mabalacat 3 120
19 Cabanatuan 3 100 Nueva Ecija 5 100 18
20 Olongapo City 3 102 3 Zambales
24 City of Tarlac 3 127 4 Tarlac
25 Taytay 3 156
58 Angono 4A 58
65 Rodriguez 4A 103 5
Rizal 6 594 2
66 San Mateo 4A 105
69 Cainta 4A 137
70 Binangonan 4A 138
27 Silang 4 98
55 Cavite City 4A 51
57 Rosario 4A 57
59 Trece Martires 4A 68
Cavite 7 660 1
61 Gen. Mariano 4A 76
62 Imus City 4A 87
64 Tanza 4A 95
67 General Trias 4A 128
28 Cabuyao 4A 106
29 San Pablo City 4A 123 6
68 San Pedro 4A 136 Laguna 8 561 4
72 Bian City 4A 158
75 Santa Rosa 4A 174 2
30 Naga City 5 59 3 Cam Sur
31 Legaspi City 5 71 7 Albay
32 Dumagete 6 54 Negros Oriental 9 54 25
33 San Carlos City 6 61
34 Talisay 6 66 Negros
10 300 7
35 Cadiz City 6 67 Occidental
36 Kabankalan 6 78
37 Lapu-Lapu 6 133 4 Cebu
38 Toledo City 7 54 Cebu 11 54 24
39 Ormoc City 8 64 Leyte 12 137 13
7

PPTA 8115 PHI:
41 Tacloban City 8 73 Leyte
40 Calbayog City 8 71 8 Samar
42 Pagadian City 9 86 Zamboanga del 13 86 20
43 Gingoog City 10 53 Misamis 14 53 26
46 Iligan City 10 110 Lanao del 15 110 16
44 Malaybalay 10 55
Bukidnon 16 128 15
45 Valencia City 10 73
47 Malita 11 55 Davao Oriental 17 55 23
48 Monkayo 11 57 Compostela 18 57 22
49 Digos City 11 65 Davao del Sur 19 65 21
50 City of Tagum 11 88 Davao del 20 88 19
51 General Santos 12 200 5 South Cotabato 21 200 9
52 Sultan Kudarat 12 58
North Cotabato 22 133 14
53 Cotobato City 12 75
56 Sariaya 4A 55
Quezon 23 142 12
63 Lucena City 4A 87
60 Tanauan City 4A 70
73 Batangas City 4A 161 24 231 8
74 Lipa City 4A 162
76 Puerto 4B 99 9 Palawan
77 Baguio City CAR 174 6 Benguet 25 174 10
78 Butuan City Caraga 143 10 Agusan del
71 Navotas NCR 142 11
79 San Juan NCR 62
80 Pasay City NCR 150 Metro Manila 26 420 6
81 City of NCR 157
82 Malabon NCR 193
23. Based on ranking, the top 10 LGU clusters are as follows. It is interesting to note that 5
out the 10 provinces from Tier 2 are from CALABARZON. This is understandable as this
economic region plus NCR, generate the bulk of the waste in the Philippines.
Table 3: Clusters
Province Clusters Region
1. Cavite 4A
2. Rizal 4A
3. Bulacan 4A
4. Laguna 4A
5. Pampanga 3
6. Metro Manila NCR
7. Negros Occidental 6
8. Batangas 4A
9. Benguet CAR
10. Pangasinan 1
24. In terms of regional impact to the environment and neighboring towns and provinces, the
top five provinces are as follows:
Table 3: Recommended List of Province Clusters
Province Clusters Impacts on Environment
1. Cavite Impact on dwindling groundwater resources used for domestic and
industrial purposes
2. Laguna Impact on Laguna de Bay and dwindling groundwater resources
used for domestic and industrial purposes
PPTA 8115 PHI:

3. Benguet Impact on overcrowded mountain city with limited groundwater
resources and living space
4. Pangasinan Impact on coastal waters and shallow groundwater resources
5. Metro Manila Impact on overcrowded city which is vulnerable to flooding
25. The LGUs within each province can now be considered for the PSWMSP either singly or
in cluster. The Tier 1 LGUs are also qualified by virtue of their large waste generation and
collection which currently are delivered to dumpsites. Should a larger budget become available,
then any interested LGU within Tier 1 can be considered.
F. Pre-Selection of HUC for Philippine SWM Sector Project
26. The listing of pre-apprised HUCs is meant to provide well-defined interventions to
expedite SWM implementation in selected HUCs. Criteria for HUCs selection is presented in the
section Proponent Eligibility. An ultimate objective of these proposed subprojects is to achieve
goals of the Investment Program of PSWMSP to improve public health and well-being of
citizens of the recipient HCUs.
Waste Waste
Population Income Waste Disposal 10-year SWM
LGU Gen. Gen. Notes
2013 Class Method Plan
kg/day/p ton/d
Dumaguete City 132,245 3rd 0.4 53 Open Dumpsite Approved 2006 Urgent need to improve SWM
Meycauayan 255,911 3rd 0.4 77 Manila Bay Region
Trece Martires City 264,770 4th 0.4 79 Manila Bay Region
Malolos (Capital) 275,001 3rd 0.4 83 Manila Bay Region
Imus City 251,567 - 0.4 101 Manila Bay Region
Lucena City (Capital) 253,055 2nd 0.4 101 No Plan
Puerto Princesa City 288,956 1st 0.4 116 SLF cat. 4 Return for rev. Interested in PSWMSP
OLONGAPO CITY 237,693 2th 0.5 119 SFL cat. 4 Return for rev. FS ready DBP
ILIGAN CITY 318,960 1st 0.4 128 Control Dumpsite Conditional
Lapu-Lapu City (Opon) 386,925 1st 0.4 155 Control Dumpsite Conditional
Navotas 233,988 1st 1 164 Novotas City SLF Conditional Manila Bay Region
Lipa City 372,586 1st 0.5 186 Conditional Initial WACS
Santa Rosa City 399,367 1st 0.5 200 San Pedro SLF Approved LOI sent to SEC
BAGUIO CITY 332,928 1st 0.6 200 Urdaneta NG and Private Several proposal for WTE
ANGELES CITY 361,067 1st 0.6 217 Clark SFL Private Sector FS ready DBP
Malabon 317,409 1st 0.7 222 Novotas City SLF Conditional Manila Bay Region
ILOILO CITY (Capital) 461,531 1st 0.5 231 Under Construction Private Sector Korean Company WTE
Bacoor City 511,343 - 0.5 256 Rizal Provincial SLF Conditional Manila Bay Region
BACOLOD CITY 507,185 1st 0.6 304 SLF cat, 4 Conditional Landfill mining & WTE
City of Valenzuela 637,364 Spe 0.7 446 Rizal Provincial SLF Conditional RDF production
GENERAL SANTOS CITY 749,088 1st 0.6 449 SLF cat. 4 Conditional FS funded by USAID
City of Paraaque 646,241 1st 0.7 452 Rizal Provincial SLF Manila Bay Region
City of Las Pias 671,533 1st 0.7 470 Rizal Provincial SLF Evaluation Manila Bay Region
CEBU CITY (Capital) 889,394 1st 0.6 534 SLF cat.4 Evaluation Private sector, landfill mining
ZAMBOANGA CITY 920,049 1st 0.6 552 SLF cat 2 Approved
DAVAO CITY 1,610,235 1st 0.6 966 SLF cat. 4 Evaluation FS under USAID
Manila 1,404,508 1st 0.7 983 Novotas City SLF Conditional Manila Bay Region
Kalookan City 1,697,248 1st 0.7 1,188 Rizal Provincial SLF Manila Bay Region
Quezon City 2,737,313 Spe 0.7 1,916 SLF Approved Private sector, landfill mining
Manila Bay Region, funding from NG

Pivate sector and local, internationa finacing isntitute invovement
Posibble candidates for PSWMSP
Recommneded HUC for PSWMSP
PPTA 8115 PHI:

Annex 3. Proposed HUCs
Proposed Highly Urbanised Cities (HUCs) for the proposed

ANNEX 3
PPTA 8115
8 PIHH
Propos
sed Highhly Urbannised Cities (HUC
Cs) for th
he
propos
sed Philipppines Solid
S Wasste Mana
agementt
Sector Project
Solid
d wastte managem
ment fact sheetss
Bag
guio
Solid waste e generation in n Baguio is exp pected to incre
ease in the futu ure due
to urban, toourism, and ind dustrial develop pment. Baguios dumpsite ha as been
closed since its partial collapse in 2010. 2 Its exte
ension is unre ealistic.
Currently 130tpd of waste e is brought to the
t Urdaneta SLFS by trucks.
It has been n observed tha at the current retention wall installation in Baguio
does not meet
m the requirred safety net against landslide in case off heavy
rainfall or seismic
s events s. Several hou uses are too close
c to the reetention
wall.
Various stu udies have been undertaken n to identify pootential disposa al sites
within Bagu uio City and the adjacent tow wns of Tuba, Itoogon, La Trinid dad and
Sablan. All these studies s were beset by the limitations imposed by the
mountainou us terrain, ge eological cond ditions, potentiial resettleme nt and
environmen ntal issues and d landuse con nflicts, among others. Propossals for
the develo opment of SW WM should con nsider WTE and a the purch hase of
privately owwned lands to satisfy siting and a environmen ntal requiremen nts and
to meet lon ng term SWM solution
s for Bag
gio. B
Baguio dampsiite after trash slide of Augu
ust
Dominion Clean Energy y Group (DCE EG) has offerred Baguio a n PPP 27
7, 2011
proposal for f WTE, wh hich has bein ng evaluated by the Inve estment
Coordinatio on Committee. According to proposal
p Baguiio City shall pro
rovide a
minimum of o 200 tons/day y of residuals to DCEG for the WTE. DC EG will
arrange als so solid waste collection. For the first 10 years,
y all the b
benefits
will go to DCEG,
D but therreafter, Baguio will receive a share of elect ricity or
money. The mayor inform med the missio on that Baguio o City would ssend an
LOI to DEN NR to join PSW WMSP.
Key Challe enges:
Finannce is a key cha allenge to LGU U.
The LGU
L needs to improve its tech hnological, con
ntracting and
negottiation capacitiees to enter intoo possible PPP contract in SW WM.
Land availability is critical;
c indigenoous peoples ancestral rights
amon ng other restrictt of it.
Negaative public perc ception of SWM M is an immine ent result from S SWM
Rep
pairing work o
of the Retentio
ons Wall
experrience in Baquiio, which hamp per any new SW WM developme ent
efforts
s.
Opportunities:
Rehaabilitation of the
e compost plant and its operation with PPP
Provission of a new decentralized
d WTE
W with PPP
Provission of rehabilitation and exte ension of existinng landfill for W
WTE
Improovement of ope eration and maintenance of ex xisting assets
Improovement of collection capacity y
Training and public awareness pro ograms, including on PPP
estment Costs:
Initial Inve
Rehabilitation of Iris san dumpsite forf WTE $1.0 million,
m
Rehabilitation of com mpost plant $1 1.2million
WTE $14 million, MRF and Dries $2million,
$
Collec ment: trucks $0.3million and waste
ction improvem w bins $0.2
2million
Tem
mporary tran
nsfer station at Irisan
Dumpsite in Candau-ay
Dumagete
Dumaguete City has issued the City Ordinance 115, series of 1998,
otherwise known as the Dumaguete City Ecological Solid Waste
Management Ordinance. The ordinance authorized the creation of a City
Environment and Natural Resources Officer (CENRO) that is tasked to
supervise the SWM functions of the city. In 2006, the city crafted its 10-
Year SWM Plan, which currently is being revised as a new 10-year plan.
The open dumpsite in Barangay (Brgy.) Candau-ay continues to receive Dumagete Dumpsite
about 35 tons of solid waste daily. On 1 November 2008, the villagers of
Brgy. Candau-ay unanimously passed a resolution for the closure of the
dumpsite effective January 2009. The villagers and their officials cited
these reasons: the area is small and densely populated; water, air, and
soil pollution; and skin and respiratory diseases afflicting a growing
number of residents. Although the city had converted the site into a
controlled dump in 2000, the increasing volume of waste continuously
disposed of into the area has made it difficult to manage the area as a
controlled dumpsite. Presently, the area is operating as an open
dumpsite. The city has failed to implement the conditions for the closure
and rehabilitation of the dumpsite, hence Dumaguete had been ordered
by the DENR to close the existing dumpsite since 2005. Dumagete is
willing to invest in Energy Recovery Facility (ERF) as a long term SWM
solution.
Municipality has approved SWMP 2006 Waste sorting
Estimated waste generation is 54 tons/day
Key Challenges:
The citys lack of adequate and efficient waste disposal system is a
serious concern that requires immediate attention.
The open dumpsite in Barangay Candau-ay beside Banica River
has been condemned by many environmental groups, and as a
matter of fact has already received a Cease and Desist Order
(CDO) from the DENR for violating the provisions on sanitary
landfills of the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2001
(Article 6, Section 36-41) and the Sanitation Code (Presidential
Decree 856).
The dumpsite generates several cubic meters of leachete per day,
which pollutes the river and the environment. The dumpsite has
been partially collapsed into the river and the situation can become
critical during heavy rains. Dumpsite and Banica River
The LGU needs to improve its technological, contracting,
negotiation, implementation, and monitoring capacities to be able to
manage possible PPP contracts for SWM
Opportunities:
rehabilitation/landfill mining or/and closure existing dumpsite and
provision of a new decentralized WTE with PPP
improvement of operation and maintenance of existing SW
collection fleet
training and public awareness programs
Initial Investment Costs:
Landfill mining/rehabilitation of Candau-ay dumpsite $3.3million,
WTE $7 million
Centralised MRF and drier $1.2million,
Collection improvement: trucks $0.4million and waste bins
$0.2million Waste Sorting
Dumpsite in Tambler Dumpsite
General Santos
The city has an 10-Year SWM Plan, which has been approved for
implementation by the city council in October 2007. EcoGov has provided
technical assistance to the city government in the conduct of the
feasibility and technical studies. The EcoGov Project is a collaborative
effort between USAID and the Department of Environment and Natural
Resources (EcoGov2)
General Santos current population is 500,000 citizens and waste
generation is today 320tpd. Waste collection efficiency is about 60%
which covers partially all barangays. High-end residential subdivisions,
shopping malls, and restaurants maintain their own wastes collection Burning waste on Tambler Dumpsite
contractor. Waste collection has been arranged with the private sector,
barangay and mayors office. Industrial locators specifically and hospitals
also contract the collection and disposal of their solid wastes.
A SLF for final disposal facility including all associated infrastructure and
support facilities is under construction at Barangay Sinawal, which is
approximately 15 km north-west of the centre of the City
Key Challenges:
SLF construction started on June 11, 2010. However, progress of
the SLF contraction has been very slow. Recently, the city has
started negotiations with the contractor to revive the project. An
ultimate target is to complete the project by 2015.
Closure of Barangay Tambler dumpsite. Waste pickers are sorting waste
Currently the city disposes an average 68 truckloads per day of
MSW to Tambler open dumpsite
Open dumpsite around 35km from city centre
1
Daily waste collection is about 200tpd.
150 Indigenous People (IPs) are working on site
Severe environmental and health risk at fire and leachate
Proper installation of fences, gas vents and sloping of the dumpsite
to prevent erosion were listed in the guidelines set.
The large disposal pit at Barangay Sinawal shall serve as the new
landfill the moment that the dumpsite at Tambler is closed.
Due diligence report of IPs status is ongoing, and a foundation of the A new SLF at Barangay Sinawal
citys canning industry will provide working opportunity for all IPs.
Opportunities:
The demand for alternative fuel for CHP power plants is also
growing in General Santos. One MW Waste to Energy (WTE) plant
represents a real opportunity to concrete measures to mitigate
climate change at the local level.
In addition high load anaerobic digester with bio-sludge from
canneries, slaughterhouse, septage sludge, piggeries and bio-
waste from households provide about 2WM electricity output and
with an opportunity using execs heath to generate slurry ice to
canneries
Initial Investment cost:
Closure of Barangay Tambler dumpsite $1.5million, Tuna cannery sludge
Bio-gas plant $8million including 5 sludge collection trucks
WTE 8million, MRF and Drier $1.5million,
Collection improvement: trucks $0.5million and waste bins
$0.2million.
1
See more at: http://news.pia.gov.ph/index.php?article=1671377239078#sthash.q2Tu6KaS.dpuf
Disposal site at San Pedro Dumpsite
Sta. Rosa, Laguna

Santa Rosa among regional LGUs and MMDA use the pilotage sanitary
landfill located in Brgy. San Antonio, San Pedro as final disposal facility of
waste. The disposal facility cannot be considered a sanitary landfill, because
it lacks the safety features to prevent contamination of the ground water.
The disposal facilitys exposed wall and bottom does not show the
installation of a geomembrane liner to prevent leachate from percolating into
the ground. It also does not have any leachate treatment facilities, and
according to the disposal supervisor, the leachate is just re-circulated. No
installation to provide for re-circulation however has been noted on the site.
There is also no weigh bridge for measuring accurately the amount of Existing disposal site in San Pedro
wastes that are disposed of. According to the facility staff that accompanied
the PPTA team at the disposal area, at least 150 truckloads of wastes, about
230tn/day are disposed of at the facility daily.
Possible environmentally critical situation. The present disposal site for
the city, the Pilotage sanitary landfill, is located in San Antonio, San Pedro,
which is about 25 km to 35 km by road travel depending on the route taken.
The site was inspected during the scoping visit to Sta Rosa and was
assessed to be not in compliance with regulatory standards for the quantities
of wastes accepted by the facility. If this disposal facility is issued an
Environmental compliance certificate Violation Notice and closed, the city
will be in great difficulty because it has no alternative disposal site for its
wastes.
While Sta. Rosa has allocated an initial budget of P5 million for barangay
MRF facilities, only 4 out of the citys 18 barangays have established their
MRFs due to the difficulty of finding a suitable site for MRF.
10-Year SWM Plan, 2007. Compostors
230 tons/d waste generation
Biodegradable waste 80tn/day
CENRO with 4 technical and 30 non-technical staff
SWM ordinance
Wealthy industrial city
Key Challenges:
Securing land for SLF
Urgency to improve SWM
Private owned dumpsite in San Pedro cannot be converted to SLF.
Sta. Rosa is willing to invest in WTE as a long term solution to SWM
Opportunities:
Nursery for Testing of Compost
Waste to Energy (WTE) is an opportunity for the city to build long term
SWM solution for Santa Rosa.
The demand for alternative power generation is also growing in Santa
Rosa. 2 MW power plant represents a real opportunity to support local
economy and climate-change mitigation measures.
WTE $14 million
Collection improvement:
trucks $0.4million and
waste bins $0.1million
Storage for recyclable materials

New sanitary landfill at Barangay Salaan
Zamboanga City
Zamboanga City operates its SWM with Barangay Lumbanga dumpsite with
area of 4.4ha. It has been main dumping site over 15 years for Zamboanga
City. The fear within the community living in proximity to the area is the
strong possibility of ground water contamination due to high infiltration rate
of leachate as revealed by the results conducted by the Bureau of Soils in
the Region. The alarming level of groundwater contamination is quite
noticeable as revealed by the Barangay Chairman since there is an increase
of diarrhoea and gastro-intestinal cases among the local residents of
Existing dumpsite at Lumbangan
Barangay Lumbangan and nearby barangay since a large percentage of
their drinking water sources are coming from deep well.
In addition, esteros, creeks and rivers have become the dumping areas for
solid waste, wastewater and even chemicals. These are all pollutants that
can kill marine life, clogged waterways and affect the economic life of
communities.
The current and future solid waste generation of the City shall be handled by
SLF and WTE systems without causing imbalance in the overall ecosystem
of the area. A new SLF has been under construction nearly two years. The
Phase 1 comprises of cell number one, roads, fence, drainage system,
administration building, leachate treatment and collection facilities and the
lining system.
It is expected that the cell number (2has) can accommodate the citys
garbage over three years. The City Government will close the dumpsite in
the village of Lumbangan once the sanitary landfill will be opened.
In Brief Information:
The City generates approximately 300 tons per day.
Existing dumpsite at Lumbangan
Average waste collected and disposed in landfill is 160 tons per day.
Waste collection service covers all the 31 urban and 8 rural barangays.
61 percent is biodegradable wastes and 39 percent for non-
biodegradable wastes.
One out of four Material Recovery Facilities is operating by city using the
happy soil technology for composting
10-Year SWM Plan, 2005.
Key Challenges:
Working opportunity for 100 families of scavengers
Specifically (i) waste segregation and reduction at source, (ii)
information, education and communication (IEC) campaign; (iii) waste
collection
Private sector partnership.
Opportunities: Construction of Salaan SLF
Waste to Energy (WTE) is an opportunity for the city to build long term
SWM solution for Zamboanga City.
The demand for power generation is growing in Mindanao. 1 MW power
plant represents a real opportunity to support local economy and climate-
change mitigation measures.
Employment opportunities for 50 people at the site
WTE $6 million
Dum site closure at Lumbangan $1.5million
Collection improvement:
trucks $0.4million and
MRFs $0.8million Construction of Salaan SLF
PPTA 8115
Annex 3.1 Baquio Mission Report
Baquio Mission Report

ANNEX 3.1
1
PPTA 8115
PHILIPPINES SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SECTOR PROJECT
PPTA, FASPO, and NSWMC Joint Mission to Baguio City and La Trinidad Municipality
59 February 2013
A. INTRODUCTION
1. The mission comprising members from the Project Preparatory Technical Assistance (PPTA)
team, 1 Foreign-Assisted Special Projects Office (FASPO) of the Department of Environment and
Natural Resources (DENR),2 and National Solid Waste Management Council (NSWMC)3 visited Baguio
City and La Trinidad Municipality on 59 February 2013. The mission was led by OIC Chief of MIDP-
FASPO, Ms. Cristina Regunay. The main objectives of the meetings with the local government unit
(LGU) officials were (i) to introduce the proposed Philippines Solid Waste Management (SWM) Sector
project; (ii) to assess and discuss needs for technological solutions, expertise, and resources for the
development of SWM in these LGUs; (iii) to confirm the LGUs interest to participate in the project; (iv)
to validate the selection of three LGUs; and (v) to further assist the LGUs in the preparation of Action
Plan for Sub-Project Appraisal Reports (SPAR).This mission memorandum was prepared to summarize
the discussions and main findings with respect to the preparedness and interest with the project of the
concerned LGUs. Annex 1a presents Notes on the Baguio and La Trinidad Validation Trip describing
detailed situation at sites.
B. MEETING WITH DENR CORDILLERA

2. During the meeting on 6 February with DENR-Codillera Administrative Region Regional
Executive Director Oscar Cabanayan, the mission was informed that since the dump site collapsed in
2010, Baguio has been forced to transport 1012 truckloads of solid waste per day to Urdaneta,
Pangasinan. Baguio has taken the practical approach on solid waste recycling and reduction as the
guiding principle for overall SWM development. However, due to its topography and lack of suitable
land for a sanitary landfill, Baguio, including its neighboring municipality, La Trinidad, are faced with
major problems. Many possible sites for a sanitary landfill within and outside of Baguio have been
investigated, but without success. Baguio has 128 barangays in 17 clusters, each with a materials
recovery facility (MRF), which may be more of a collecting facility rather than an MRF as defined in RA
9003. Both Baguio and La Trinidad lack the technical and financial resources for SWM.
3. The PPTA proposes to look carefully into an energy recovery facility (ERF), which may provide
a long-term solution for SWM in Baguio and La Trinidad. Electricity in both LGUs is needed for tourism
and industry development, and residuals from solid waste could be an energy source for electricity. As
a expert put it, whether we are talking about industry wastes or municipal household waste, there is
energy all around in the form of waste. An ERF initiative is defined as a broad scope of actions to solve
one or more waste-management problems in LGUs. For example, modern gasification technology,
which is operating a nearly emission-free process with high performance, provides a business concept
that is expected to continue in the higher level global fight against climate change.
1
The PPTA consulting team comprised Hannu Pelkonen (Team Leader), Melisa Sapboy (Deputy Team Leader), Graham
Johnson-Jones (Institutional Specialist), Ewald Spitaler (Solid Waste Management Specialist), Reynar Rollan (Solid Waste
Expert), Emmanuel Vargas (Solid Waste Expert), Elmer Mercado (Institutional Specialist), and Roberto Demigillo (Legal
Specialist).
2
The FASPO team consisted of Cristy Regunay (OIC Chief, MIDP) and Malou Calado (Project Development Officer).
3
The NSWMC team comprised Emelita C Aguinaldo (Executive Director), Ma. Delia Cristina M. Valdez (Senior Economic
Development Specialist), and Ms. Cynthia Evardone (CAR representative in NSWMC).
2
PPTA 8115
C. MAIN FINDINGS
4. Improvement of SWM. The PPTA has noted the great dynamism and the rapid development of
the LGUs. Fast economic growth and the improvement of roads, social services, and water delivery
have taken place during the last few years, leading to the improvement of SWM condition. However,
while the LGUs continue to expand, acceleration of the growth process has increased the human
pressure on the land and its availability for SWM.
5. Solid waste generation in Baguio and La Trinidad is expected to increase in the future due to
urban, tourism, and industrial development. The existing sanitary landfill sites have reached their
maximum capacity. Baguios landfill has been closed since its partial collapsed is 20104. Its extension is
unrealistic. The La Trinidad sanitary landfill, on the other hand, requires rehabilitation and extension,
which could be implemented in techno-eco manner if segregation, handling and disposal of solid waste
will be implemented properly.
6. It has been observed that the current retention wall installation in Baguio does not meet the
required safety net against landslide in case of heavy rainfall or seismic events. Several houses are too
close to the retention wall. A certain safety area shall be defined covering these aspects:
extent and impact of the collapsed landfill on soil and ground water contamination
risk assessment of existing landfill
appropriate and feasible technical solutions for SWM in the context of Baguio
public-private partnership (PPP) and introduction of opportunities for private sector provision
of SWM services
ways of developing and using the regulatory framework (RA 9003) to facilitate SWM and
other related infrastructure provision
enhancing community involvement in the infrastructure planning process
institutional arrangements and financial sustainability of proposals
institutional development by strengthening DENRs presence, (Environment Management
Bureau [EMB] and NSWMC, and services at the regional and provincial levels to facilitate
compliance by LGUs to RA 9003, including strengthening the capability of institutions at all
levels to contract appropriate expertise
capacity development and
development of public awareness campaigns and training programs.
7. RA 9003 regulates the LGU responsibilities for the segregation, disposal, handling, storage and
monitoring of municipal waste. However, the law and its implementing rules and regulations are not
enforced. The EMB) together with the City of Baguio and Municipality of La Trinidad, and the private
sector shall take active measures to enforce separation of biodegradable and recyclables to minimize
the required landfill size. Further, taking into account a possibility that the required sufficient land for the
disposal sites is not available for over 25 years of operation in any of the concerned LGUs, it is
necessary to consider ERF to solve the current unbearable SWM situation in Baguio and La Trinidad.
8. Despite substantial improvement of efforts toward SWM during recent years in La Trinidad, the
present conditions of the sanitary landfill and composting facilities are generally poor. Solid waste loads
and ineffective operations of the black hole process result in the low quality of SWM, creating a
hygienic and health risk and increasing environmental pollution in the surrounding areas and in the
water tributaries.
4
The existing dumpsite in Bgy. Irisan is currently being remediated in compliance with the writ of kalikasan issued by the
Court of Appeals and is expected to be closed with DPWH technical support and converted into a ecological park by the end of
2013.
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9. It is proposed that the PPTA explore the improvement of solid waste facilities in La Trinidad to
increase their treatment capacity by undertaking the following:
rehabilitation of the compost plant and its operation, possibly through private sector
contracting rather than by the LGU
review of MRF processes
provision of a new decentralized ERF through PPP
provision of rehabilitation and extension of existing landfill
improvement of operation and maintenance of existing assets, including an Integrated SWM
strategy
business plan for SWM
substantial and replicable capacity development program from the regional level to the LGU
level to improve SWM
training and public awareness programs, including on PPP.
10. Integrated SWM service delivery. Past and ongoing projects and initiatives have sought to
address the deficiencies in SWM infrastructure in LGUs to comply with RA 9003, oftentimes with
minimal participation of local stakeholders and communities. While many have achieved positive and
tangible results, which should be wellrecognized, the approach probably needs to change. It is urgent
to look at best practices and lessons learned in standardizing approaches to different types of situation
in SWM, whereby multiple SWM services can be planned and implemented through coordinated
interventions. Sanitary landfills should not be pursued as a standalone solution, but should be
integrated into a more comprehensive approach of environmental infrastructure and service upgrade
such as solid waste collection, MRF, ERF, community participation, and overall urban development.
11. Improvement of SWM planning principles and recommendation for integrated SWM. A
number of research and planning exercises on SWM have been undertaken during the last 15 years in
the Philippines, resulting in a series of master plans, strategies, acts, and laws. These exercises have
generated an ambitious vision for SWM development in the Philippines. However, implementation of
these plans and acts are likely to be constrained by the absence of legal mechanisms for the
acquisition of new technologies, 5 capacity limitations of private lands, sector coordination, and land
management practices.
12. A key issue is to rationalize RA 9003 and the Clean Air Act to facilitate SWM development in the
LGUs and strengthen and equip DENR from the LGU level to the department level with modern
planning tools. These tools will help to ensure the adequate implementation of integrated SWM and
better efficiency, sustainability, and rationality for infrastructure and service provisions.
13. LGU commitment. It was noted that SWM is a high priority in Baguio and especially in La
Trinidad, irrespective of political change. For over 10 years, La Trinidad has tried, albeit without
success, to solve SWM issues and to comply with RA 9003. Now, its mayor is willing to ask for help
through ADB. DENR is expected to receive a letter of intent (LOI) from La Trinidad within this month
(February).
14. According to the mayor of Baguio, a PPP proposal for ERF from the Dominion Clean Energy
Group (DCEG) is currently being evaluated by the Investment Coordination Committee for
recommendation to the National Economic Development Authority (NEDA). Under the proposal, Baguio
City will be required to provide a minimum of 200 tons/day of residuals to DCEG for the ERF. The
proposal also covers solid waste collection. For the first 10 years, all the benefits will go to the
company, but from the 11th year and thereafter, Baguio will receive a share electricity or money. The
5
Some aspects of certification by the Department of Science and Technology need to be reviewed to ensure good
technologies are not blocked.
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mayor is fully committed to SWM. The mayor informed the mission that Baguio City would send an LOI
to DENR.
Key SWM challenges to the LGU
Finance is the key challenge.
Need for greater technological, contracting, negotiation, implementation and monitoring
knowledge to manage possible PPP contracts for SWM.
Land availability is critical, indigenous peoples ancestral rights a consideration. However, for
PPP finding the site is the developers responsibility
Public perception of SWM (dirty/smelly) results in reticence in accepting SWM facilities in
their locations
Opportunities:
Rehabilitation of the compost plant and its operation with PPP
Provision of a new decentralized WTE with PPP
Provision of rehabilitation and extension of existing landfill for WTE
Improvement of operation and maintenance of existing assets
Improvement of collection capacity
Training and public awareness programs, including on PPP
Initial Investment Costs:
Rehabilitation of Irisan dumpsite for WTE $1.0 million,
Rehabilitation of compost plant $1.2million
WTE $14 million, MRF and Dries $2million,
Collection improvement: trucks $0.3million and waste bins $0.2million
2. The draft memorandum was sent to FASPO and NSWMC for comment on 27 February 2013.
The revised final draft will incorporate the FASPO and NSWMC comments provided to the PPTA team
by email to hannu.pelkonen51@gmail.com.
For the FASPO/NSWMC
________________________
PPTA Team
Annex 1a Notes on the Baguio and La Trinidad validation trip
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ANNEX A: NOTES ON THE BAGUIO AND LA TRINIDAD VALIDATION TRIP
A. FINDINGS AND ASSESSMENT

1. This rapid assessment covered the major components of a typical waste management system
which include planning, generation, collection, diversion via composting, MRFs and junkshops and
disposal of the City of Baguio and the Municipality of La Trinidad. Information regarding these
components was gathered through meetings with LGU. DENR and EMB officials and visits to the La
Trinidad disposal site, the Irisan dumpsite and waste staging area of Baguio City.
a. Municipality of La Trinidad
2. Planning: The Municipality of La Trinidad prepared its 10 Year SWM Plan in 2004 and
submitted the same to the NSWMC for approval. At the time of the visit on February 6, 2013, the plan
has not been modified as required and therefore has not been approved. The plan needs to be updated
on the aspects of waste composition, generation, collection, diversion via recycling and composting and
disposal and other treatment methods.
3. Waste Generation: Currently is disposed 30 tons of waste on a daily basis. The wastes shows
and high rate on recyclables (>60%) where similar percentage contents of LDPE. It has to be assessed
if landfill-mining activities and the recovery of recyclables, high- and medium calorific components are
economically feasible. This would allow reducing the volume, gaining raw materials and extending in
this way the lifespan of the site for a few more years. It has to be emphasised, that the retention wall
shows cracks and compaction activities shall be carried out with the most of care. Landfill mining would
require screening activities (>40mm), pre-segregation of valuable materials and baling. It should be
assessed if mobile equipment could be hired. The baled components could be stored in the meanwhile
on the concrete paved area.
4. Updated information on the waste generation of La Trinidad is not available. The 2004 SWM
Plan indicated a daily waste generation of 76 tons broken down as follows, Table 1.
Table 1: Waste compositions

Source Amount (tpd) %
Residential 40 52
Commercial 5 7
Institutional 2.5 3
Market 26 34
Agriculture 2.8 4
Total 76.3 100
5. Updated figures regarding waste generation are not yet available.
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6. Waste Composition: Waste characterization in La Trinidad was last conducted in 1998 as part
of the Feasibility Study IWMD of the Baguio La Trinidad Itogon Sablan Tuba (BLIST). Based
on the presentation made by the SWM Coordinator of La Trinidad on February 6, 2013, the waste
generated at the municipal consists of 53% biodegradable, 26% recyclable and 21% residuals. The
high percentage of biodegradables is the logical consequence of the agriculture-driven economy of La
Trinidad. These figures need to be validated through the conduct of a waste characterization study.
Figure 1 shows a view from west to north-north west. The concrete paved access road is currently used
for waste-picking.
7. Collection: All
barangays are covered by the
municipal waste collection
system. Data on actual
collection is not currently
available.
8. Waste Diversion: The
Municipality of La Trinidad
currently implements the
following methods of waste
diversion: (1) heap composting
and (2) aerated composting.
9. Heap composting is
done at the vacant areas
adjacent to the disposal site in
Barangay Alno. Mass balance Figure 1: Waste-picking
of the process is not available.
Aerated composting is done at a roofed facility located about 200 meters southwest of the disposal site.
Shredded biodegradable materials are mixed with rice hull, ashes, saw dust and compost from previous
process. It is noted that the process used entails only a small amount of biodegradable materials
relative to the other processing components.
10. As gathered during the meeting with CAR EMB officials on February 6, 2013, there are no
official MRFs in La Trinidad. Recyclables recovered by the informal sector from waste bins, collection
trucks and at the current disposal site in Barangay Alno and those at source are presumed sold at the
junkshops in the Poblacion, Puguis and Pico.
11. Composting: The site is located UTM 51Q / 241753 / 1825349 / 899 La Trinidad Municipality.
Compost plant was constructed during 2010 and it has operated since 2011. The installation was
financed with support of the Japanese Government.
12. Compost plant process 60 tons/month (approximately 700 tons/yr) About 40% of final product is
sold and 60% stored. The process is based on aerated box system - three drum reactors (developed
by DOST), currently not in operation 6 rotating boxes for thermopylae as well mesophyle phase
as well two boxes for the maturation phase before screening.
13. The process is stimulated within the first phase by Charcoal and EMs, generated due to wood
vinegar (Mokusaku) production (pyrolyses of coconut husk) and stored for a period of 6 months before
admix it to the phase I material (fresh material). Charcoal takes part in a sufficient C:N ratio, while wood
vinegar increase the effect cracking celluloses and lignin based cells and is not related to EMs.
14. After a period of 6 months aerated processing follows a screening process (10mm) and a
blending of rice husks for increasing the carbon content and physical structure. The product is either
stored loose or in bags. Current amount of production is higher than recorded demand (surplus
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material). Samples from stored and blended compost as well from newly screened material have been
taken and delivered to the Lab CRL environment corporation (certified lab of DENR).
15. First assumption is, that the composting process lacks of carbon relate and structured material
allowing a homogenous composting process. There have no thermometers been installed allowing
controlling the temperature. The material is rather compact. Current air supply (approx. 1000 m/hour)
for 6 boxes and one aeration slot seems to be too low. Biological process has turned from aerobic to
anaerobic partially and severe odour is presence at site. The required static pressure of 35 mbar could
not be measured during the visit. The preparation of charcoal as well of wood vinegar should be re-
considered. Also a grinder for homogenising the material components is missing. A drum screen unit
would be required. The kiln-reactors functionality has to be question-marked.
16. Waste Treatment: The Municipality of La Trinidad started using the so called super black hole in
2011 to treat organic waste. The facility uses low temperature plasma and magnets to turn waste into
ash. The process contains of an inductive low-temperature heating chamber, a grinder for conditioning
of high-medium calorific value material as well connected scrubbers for exhaust air purification
purposes. Material will be grinded and 8 hours processed within the low-temperature chamber. The
result is a carbonised material later on called Ash.
17. Material flow: 50 bags x 10 kg for 8 hours; the plant is operating in three shifts; the output per
shift is 30 kg of ash. Samples from the ash (final product) as well from the scrubber liquid have been
taken and delivered to the Lab CRL environment corporation (certified lab of DENR).
18. Disposal: The site
is located 11km NNW of
the LGU La Trinidad within
the mountain area. It was
constructed during 2010
and opened in January
2011. The bulk of the
collected waste is disposed
into the filled up 0.42 ha
landfill located within a 7-
hectare lot in Barangay
Alno, Figure 2. The
construction area contains
a sealed ground layer,
leachate drainage (fish-
bone system) a leachate
collection and cascade
structure, access road and
shelter facilities. The whole Figure 2: La Trinidad SWM Facilities
area is bounded with a
retention wall. Leachate is
collected through an open collection system (open drainage pits). The current situation shows, that no
space is available. The SLF was developed at the edge of a steep slope which is now bounded by a
retaining wall.
19. Access to the SLF from the Poblacion and from Baguio City is through a winding and single lane
road which can only accommodate small collection vehicles. Development of the adjacent areas of the
SLF as a major waste disposal facility would require the widening and regarding of the current access
road.
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20. According to the
Mayor of La Trinidad, there
are no more public lands in
the municipality which can
be used for waste
management purposes.
Plans for developing a waste
management facility that can
accept waste from other
local government units would
need to consider using the
still unused portions of the 7-
hectare area in Barangay
Alno or purchase of privately
owned lots. Mayor Abalos of
La Trinidad mentioned a
potential 4-hecatre site in Figure 3: Sitio Longlong with respect to La Trinidad
Sitio Longlong which can be
purchased. It is reportedly
located near a communal forest. Sitio Longlong is located about 2 road kilometers southwest of the
center of La Trinidad, Figure 3.
21. Institutional Findings: The institutional findings are attached as Appendix A to these notes. It
was noted that although the ENRO position was established, this was effectively working under the
Mayors office and not established as a departtment per se. Nevertheless, the commitment of the LGU
to addressing SWM is clear and does not appear to be subject to political vulnerability.
b. City of Baguio
22. Planning: The City of Baguio prepared its 10 Year SWM Plan in 2006 and submitted the same
to the NSWMC for approval. At the time of the visit on February 7, 2013, the plan has not been
modified as required and therefore has not been approved. The plan needs to be updated on the
aspects of waste composition, generation, collection, diversion via recycling and composting and
disposal.
23. Waste Generation: Updated information on the waste generation of Baguio City is not
available. WACs conducted in 2006 (?) showed a per capita waste generation of 0.4 kg and an
extrapolated daily generation of 288 tons. The Plan did not indicate how the daily generation rate was
arrived at. It is noted that the Baguio population of 311,328 in 2006 can only generate 124 tons per day.
It is inferred that the projected waste generation came from transient visitors as well as industrial,
commercial establishments and markets.
24. Updated estimates of the waste generation of Baguio City are not currently available. Based on
information provided by the SWM personnel at the Irisan dumpsite on February 7, 2013, Baguio City
generates about 360 tons of waste per day. In a presentation made by the city officials later in the day,
the estimated waste generation varied from 200 to 250 tons per day which are lower than the 2006
extrapolation. A city wide waste characterization study must be undertaken to arrive at a realistic
estimate of the waste generation of Baguio City.
25. Waste Composition: The 2006 WACS provided the following results: 40% biodegradables,
26% recyclables, 32% residuals and 2% special wastes. These figures need to be updated though the
conduct of citywide WACS. As previously recommended, a new WACS must be conducted for Baguio
City. The results would serve as the firm basis for improving current waste management and for
initiatives such as cluster waste disposal or waste to energy facilities.
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26. Collection: Based on the 2007 SWM Plan, waste collection is undertaken in all barangays by
the City Environment and Parks Management Office Solid Waste Management Division (CEPMO-
SWMD). At the time the plan was prepared, CEPMO-SWMD has 22 collection vehicles. Average daily
waste collection as inferred from the disposal rate in the Irisan dumpsite is 100 tons. Assuming that the
extrapolated waste generation of 288 tpd is accurate, 188 tons of waste per day goes unaccounted for.
27. During the briefing conducted at the staging area on February 7, 2013, the estimated waste
collection is about 200 tpd. About 48 tons of biodegradable materials are delivered at the composting
facility in Irisan. About 150+ tons are delivered at the staging area also in Irisan for sorting by the waste
pickers and subsequent transfer to the trucks that will bring the sorted waste to the Urdaneta Sanitary
Landfill.
28. Review and assessment of existing records of truck capacities and trips in as well as actual
inspection along collection routes need to be undertaken to arrive at an updated estimate of waste
collection of Baguio City.
29. Waste Diversion: Waste diversion in Baguio City is done through the ERS system in Irisan,
backyard composting, recovery of recyclables at source by waste generators themselves and by the
informal sector at waste bins, collection trucks and staging area prior to disposal to the Urdaneta
Sanitary landfill.
30. The ERS System processed 4,210 tons of biodegradable waste and produced 1,093 ton of
compost in 2012.
31. Data on the amount of biodegradables which are composted in backyards are not available.
Likewise, data on the amount of recyclables recovered by the informal sector from bins and trucks and
those recovered at source are not available. Based on records provided by the SWMD, the average
daily amount of recyclables recovered at the staging area is 22 tons. During the meeting with EMB CAR
on February 6, 2013, it was learned that the 128 MRFs in Baguio essentially serve as storage areas of
recyclables of the respective barangays.
32. Compost Plant: The compost plant is private operated (contract with LGU) and treats 48 tones
per day on selected Biowaste / Kitchenwaste / Marketwaste. The plant (Japanese Technology) has
hygienisation (pasteurisation) function and de-germinates the material for further processing by heat
and vaccum (similar to the concept of autoclavation). Treated material is mixed with structured C-
containing material, and stockpiled for more than 6 months before screened (10 mm) and packed
(currently is the certificate for final
product awaited).
33. Disposal: Prior to the trash
slide of August 27, 2011, the City
of Baguio has dumped its waste
into the 2.12 hectare dumpsite in
Purok 17, Barangay Irisan, Figure
4. The site is located 4.5
kilometers southwest of Baguio
City. The waste used to be
disposed on the steep southern
slope of the hill underlain by a
limestone formation. The innate
permeability of the limestone is
inferred to have facilitated the
movement of the leachate form the
dumped waste into the subsurface. Figure 4 Irisan Dumpsite and Irisan Staging Transfer Station
Information on the occurrence or
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appearance of leachate at areas lower than the dumpsite is not available.
34. Dump site was closed immediately after the slide. A retaining wall is currently being constructed
at the site to prevent the downslope movement of previously deposited waste. It is assumed, that
current retention wall installation does not meet required safety against landslide in case of heavy
rainfall or seismic events. The residential buildings are too close to the retention wall that a certain
safety area shall be defined, Figure 5.
Dumping at the site has stopped
Figure 4: Retention wall under
Figure 5: Retention Wall renovation
35. Transfer Station:

Waste collected from Baguio
City is temporarily deposited
at a staging area in Purok 12
Irisan for the recovery of
recyclables. The waste is
then loaded to trucks which
will bring them to the
Urdaneta Sanitary Landfill in
Pangasinan. Based SWMD
records, about 130 tons of
wastes are brought to the
Urdaneta SLF on a daily
basis, Figure 6.
36. Various studies have
been undertaken to identify
potential disposal sites within
Baguio City and the adjacent
towns of Tuba, Itogon, La
Trinidad and Sablan. All Figure 6: Temporary transfer station at Irisan
these studies were beset by
the limitations imposed by the mountainous terrain, geological conditions, potential resettlement and
environmental issues and landuse conflicts, among others. Proposals for the development of solid
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waste management facilities should consider the purchase of privately owned lands which will satisfy
siting and environmental requirements or which can be engineered to meet design
37. In a meeting with Mayor Domogan of Baguio City, it was learned that the City received an offer
from Dominion Clean Energy (DCE) of UK for the establishment of a waste to energy (WTE) facility.
The offer only requires Baguio to provide DCE with 200 tons of waste per day for 10 years without any
expense on the part of the LGU. After 10 years, discussions will be held regarding the share of Baguio
City of the revenues generated by the facility. As part of the offer, a team from Baguio City will visit a
WTE in UK in the first quarter of 2013.
38. In the absence of details regarding the DCE offer, the following needs to be considered:
Ability of Baguio City to provide the required 200 tpd waste
Absence of updated data on waste composition and generation
DCE conditions if Baguio City will not be able to supply the required 200 tpd waste
Compliance of Baguio City with other provisions of RA 9003 from generation stage up to the
point of waste collection
Environmental and performance standards on waste collection to be undertaken by DCE
39. Institutional Findings: It was noted that the commitment of the LGU to addressing SWM is
clear and does not appear to be subject to political vulnerability. In addition, there was a strong
recognition of the problems related to the possibility of a SLF, and a strong preference to follow a PPP
arrangement for waste to energy.
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Annex 3.2 Dumagete Mission Report

Dumagete Mission Report
ANNEX3.2
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PHILIPPINES SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SECTOR PROJECT
Mission to Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental
1921 February 2013
A. INTRODUCTION
1. A team of Project Preparatory Technical Assistance (PPTA) consultants1 and officers of
the Foreign-Assisted Special Project Office (FASPO)2 of the Department of Environment and
Natural Resources (DENR) visited Dumaguete City from 19 to 21 February 2013. During the
inception phase, the PPTA consultant pre-selected Dumaguete City as a study site under the
city category for the proposed Philippine Solid Waste Management Sector Project (PSWMSP).
The main objective of the mission was to validate the site as one of the three LGUs for the
project. The specific objectives were (i) to introduce the proposed project, (ii) to assess and
discuss needs for technological solutions, expertise, and resources to contribute to further SWM
development in Dumaguete; and (iii) to confirm Dumaguetes interest to participate in the
project. This mission memorandum was prepared to summarize the missions main findings.
2. The City of Dumaguete, capital of Negros Oriental, is situated on the plains of the
southern coast of the Island of Negros, near the mouth of Banica River. It is bounded on the
north by the town of Sibulan; on the east by Taon Strait and Mindanao Sea, serving as a
natural border to the neighboring provinces of Cebu and Siquijor; on the west by the town of
Valencia; and on the south by the town of Bacong.
3. Data from the Tourism Office shows that Dumaguete is one of the Top 10 tourist
destinations in the Philippines. The majority of the tourists and expatriates in the city are
Europeans and Americans. Dumaguete is also popularly known to cater the needs of the diving
enthusiasts, both locals and foreign tourists.
4. Vision of Dumaguete City. A city of gentle people, envisions becoming ecologically-
balanced and peaceful city, a center of sustainable development, quality holistic education with
self-reliant, socially responsible, morally upright and highly empowered people by 2015.
5. The city government aims to give efficient and effective delivery of services by providing
quick and coherent response to the needs of the community. Several task forces have been
created to address the varied concerns of the city. Though these bodies have been initiated with
good intention, they either lacked sufficient human resources or the much needed will to carry
out appropriate sanctions and desirable actions that need to be accomplished. The organization
chart of the city government is shown in Figure 1.
1
The PPTA consulting team comprised Hannu Pelkonen (Team Leader) and Graham Johnson-Jones (Institutional
Specialist).
2
The FASPO team consisted of Cristy Regunay (OIC Chief, MIDP) and Malou Calado (Project Development Officer).
PPTA 8115

Figure 1
B. FINDINGS
6. Dumaguete City has issued the City Ordinance 115, series of 1998, otherwise known as
the Dumaguete City Ecological Solid Waste Management Ordinance. The ordinance authorized
the creation of a City Environment and Natural Resources Officer (CENRO) that is tasked to
supervise the SWM functions of the city. In 2006, the city crafted its 10-Year SWM Plan, which
currently is being revised as a new 10-year plan.
7. A waste analysis and characterization study (WACS) was conducted in 2007 in all
the citys 30 urban barangays. The citys solid waste primarily comes from residential areas,
public market areas, commercial districts, and other sources. It is estimated that the average
waste generation rate is 0.4 kilogram/capita/day, and as of 2013, estimated waste generation
was 54 tons daily. The total waste disposed of is 35 tons per day. The existing collection
system covers the 30 urban barangays and uses three dump trucks, four compactor trucks,
three Elf trucks, and one mini dump truck.
8. Material resources recovery, recycling, and composting. Dumaguete City is
implementing various measures to minimize the disposal of residual waste into its present
dumpsite. Applied source reduction methods include backyard composting, source segregation,
and segregated collection.
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9. In 2000 the Candau-ay dumpsite was converted into a controlled dump that included the
establishment of a composting area and materials recovery area. The city has recognized the
skills of the informal sector in recycling and recovery. To uplift their status, the city government
organized them into a cooperative; the Balugo-Candau-ay Earth Savers Cooperative composed
of 60 scavenger families, and provided them with low-cost housing adjacent to the controlled
dump site. To provide livelihood for them, the city government tasked them to do the materials
recovery and composting activities for the city within the controlled dump.
10. Dumpsite closure and rehabilitation. The open dumpsite in Barangay (Brgy.) Candau-
ay continues to receive about 35 tons of solid waste daily. On 1 November 2008, the villagers
of Brgy. Candau-ay unanimously passed a resolution for the closure of the dumpsite effective
January 2009. The villagers and their officials cited these reasons: the area is small and densely
populated; water, air, and soil pollution; and skin and respiratory diseases afflicting a growing
number of residents. Although the city had converted the site into a controlled dump in 2000,
the increasing volume of waste continuously disposed of into the area has made it difficult to
manage the area as a controlled dumpsite. Presently, the area is operating as an open
dumpsite. The city has failed to implement the conditions for the closure and rehabilitation of the
dumpsite, hence Dumaguete had been ordered by the DENR to close the existing dumpsite
since 2005.
11. The citys lack of adequate and efficient waste disposal system is a serious concern
that requires immediate attention. The open dumpsite in Barangay Candau-ay beside Banica
River has been condemned by many environmental groups, and as a matter of fact has already
received a Cease and Desist Order (CDO) from the DENR for violating the provisions on
sanitary landfills of the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2001 (Article 6, Section 36-
41) and the Sanitation Code (Presidential Decree 856).
12. DENR warnings. The DENR office in Central Visayas has ordered the city government
of Dumaguete to immediately close its open dumpsite and to establish composting facilities in
barangays as required in Section 32 of RA 9003 (Ecological Solid Waste Management Act).
13. The DENR visit on 1112 April 2012 and on 20 February 2013 to the site found that the
city is still operating an open garbage dumpsite in Brgy. Candau-ay, besides Banica River. The
dumpsite generates several cubic meters per day of leachete, which pollutes the river and the
environment. The dumpsite has been partially collapsed into the river and the situation can
become critical during heavy rains. It is highly recommended that slope enforcement of Banica
River be built within the dumpsite to protect the river from trash slide and pollution.
14. Establishment of sanitary landfill. Dumaguete City has been banking on its proposal
to its neighbor, the Municipality of Dauin, to host the sanitary landfill. However, it is high time
that the city government look for alternative sites for the relocation of its disposal site and the
construction of a new sanitary landfill because many sectors in the Municipality of Dauin oppose
the proposal. Negotiations for the proposed Dauin site in Brgy. Tunga-tunga have been going
for many years. A feasibility study for the proposed sanitary landfill had been funded in 2005,
but almost all the LGUs within Metro Dumaguete have refused to receive solid wastes.
15. The private sector and nongovernment organizations (NGOs) are not significantly
involved, but private sector participation through contracting or public-private-partnership would
be welcome. The mayor of Dumaguete was clearly in favor of alternative technologies and does
not support sanitary landfill solutions.
16. Cost recovery. Republic Act (RA) 9003 authorizes LGUs to collect fees sufficient to
cover the costs of preparing, planning, and implementing their SWM plan (Section 47). Through
PPTA 8115

its waste ordinance (City Ordinance 115, Series of 1998), Dumaguete imposes a pay-as-you-
throw (PAYT) scheme, which requires generators to attach color-coded stickers to the garbage
bags ready for collection; green sticker for biodegradable; red for non-biodegradable; and yellow
sticker for toxic and hazardous wastes. Kitchen waste must either be directly fed to animals or
stored temporarily for composting or biogas production.
17. The city government collects waste management fees from various sources and
activities:
Business establishments: They are required to pay P30.00 to P500 quarterly
depending on the capitalization, floor area, or type of establishment.
Special trip fee: Bulky wastes will only be collected upon payment of P200P500
maximum per truck load as assessed by the CENRO and the General Service Office.
Collection of wastes will be done upon presentation of official receipt issued by the City
Treasurers Office.
Tipping fee or dumping fee: Wastes delivered by private entities and non-city
government vehicles are accepted at the controlled dump facility upon payment of P15
per cubic meter for biodegradable waste and P30 per cubic meter for non-biodegradable
waste.
Fines: The city government, through the CENRO, implements minimum and maximum
fines for violations, which uses a tag system that means no tag, no collection. A
minimum fine of P200 up to a maximum penalty of P5,000 is imposed.
PAYT scheme: The PAYT scheme requires waste generators to attach color-coded
stickers to the garbage bags ready for collection. The tags can be practically bought
anywhere in the city for P1.50 per sticker, much cheaper compared to the cost for cell
phone text messaging spent by most of the residents per day.
18. The city revenues generated from SWM increased from P1.5 million in 2001 to P2.5
million in 2011 after the implementation of the PAYT scheme. The LGU found it also more
attractive to the residents to pay local waste fees after changing the label waste management
fee to environmental fee.
19. Social assessment. Public consultations have been conducted by the city government
in the barangay that hosts the existing dumpsite. The approval of the barangay officials and the
community has been secured. However, additional social assessment needs to be conducted in
the concerned barangay and in areas along the access to the site to focus on special sectors
such as women, children and the youth; gender roles; attitudes and values; and impact on
livelihood, among others.
20. Resettlement and indigenous people. There are no houses around the existing
dumpsite and no indigenous people will be affected by the project.
21. Waste water management. Dumaguete inaugurated the first local government-funded
septage treatment plant in the Philippines during the 40th anniversary of the Earth Day
celebration on 22 April 2010. The septage treatment plant was built in partnership with the local
water district. The treatment facility is a low-cost, low-maintenance system made up of lagoons,
a reed bed (constructed wetland), and drying beds. It is designed to treat collected wastewater
before it is released to the river as clean water and solids as fertilizer. USAID provided technical
assistance through its Philippine Sanitation Alliance and Local Initiatives for Affordable
Wastewater Treatment (LINAW) projects.
PPTA 8115

C. ASSESSMENT
1. Key SWM Challenges
Dumaguete recognizes its lack of technical capability to conduct a thorough feasibility
study on SWM facility, including the engineering design, and economic and financial
analysis. The LGU also needs assistance in determining the appropriate technology or
mix of technologies that will ensure sustainability of the SWM system.
The LGU also admits its inability to finance such big projects, thus it is open for loans
and private sector investments such as public-private partnership (PPP).
Operation of the whole SWM system will pose a very big challenge to Dumaguete, thus
it is open to private sector participation through the PPP scheme. As such, the LGU
needs to enhance its capability in contracts management. This needs the formulation of
operational standards in all stages of the SWM system.
PPP along with ADB has suggested the creation of a separate fund mechanism to
support PPP proposals from LGUs. It is acknowledged that unlike the national
government agencies, LGUs have very different, if not limited, technical and financial
capacities to fund pre-feasibility or feasibility studies as well as assume payment
schemes for the utilization of Project Development and Monitoring Facility(PDMF)
money.
According to the National Budget Circular, the Public-Private Partnership Strategic
Support Fund (PPPSSF) can be used to cover the costs of right of way, resettlement,
and the governments counterpart fund in the implementation of a PPP project, among
others. The PPPSSF is a lump-sum appropriation included in an implementing agencys
budget to fund the governments share in executing PPP initiatives.
Moreover, the PPPSSF may also support the cost of designing, building, and delivering
any part of the PPP project that the government will retain responsibility over, including
public infrastructure in the form of access roads, utilities, and other support facilities that
ensure the viability of a PPP project. The circular also specified that the PPPSSF shall
not be used for expenses related to unsolicited project proposals, credits and loans to
PPP private partners, and support for the regular programs of the implementing agency.
2. Bayawan City as a Model for the Improvement of SWM
22. A good and replicable SWM concept can be found in Bayawan City in the 3rd district of
Negros Oriental, whose sanitary landfill and compost plant was visited by the PPTA team
together with FASPO on 21 February 2013. Improvements of SWM in Bayawan City have been
driven mainly by the need to comply with the legal requirements (RA 9003) and the official
development assistance provided under the USAID Eco-Governance project, DILG-GIZ water
program, and DENR-GIZ SWM4LGUs project. Secondly, Bayawan City expressed its intention
to participate in the DENR-GIZ development project and SWM4LGUs and consequently
received a 4-year technical assistance, which has resulted in environmentally and financially
sustainable SWM system in Bayawan City.
3. LGU Commitment
23. The improvement of SWM, specifically waste disposal is urgent in Dumaguete.
However, according to Mayor, sanitary landfill does not alone provide long-term solution
PPTA 8115

for Dumagete. Mayor has a clearly vision that an alternative technology (WTE) is a
solution for SWM in Dumagete.
24. The National Solid Waste Management Commission (NSWMC) has reiterated its call to
the mayors to step up their compliance to the solid waste management law. The compliance
rate of LGUs, especially in the provinces, is pegged at roughly between 13% and 15% only.
25. During his recent visit to Dumaguete City upon the invitation of the Department of
Science and Technology (DOST), NSWMC Commissioner Crispian Lao urged mayors to fully
comply with RA 9003, which provides for sanitary landfills to take the place of open dumpsites.
So far, only two LGUs in Negros Oriental have put up a sanitary landfill in their area.
4. Political Vulnerability
26. The SWM is not found to be vulnerable to political changes as there is an urgent need to
solve SWM issues in Dumaguete. There is also a good support from DENRs Environment
Management Bureau/REC and from the Provincial Environment Officer. In addition the LGU has
been a beneficiary of the GIZ SWM4LGUS program. At the cluster level, Dumaguete has not
found any partner who is willing to accommodate and provide solid waste disposal services.
D. CONCLUSION
27. Selecting Dumaguete City as a model for LGUs with over 132,000 people seems to be
difficult due to the following reasons:
The LGUs would possibly be interested in clustering, which had previously been
proposed but had not materialized due to political conflict.
Land availability remains a major concern.
There is a potential for a waste to energy facility, which should be considered as long-
term solution for the SWM in Dumaguete. However, with a given timeframe, the PPTA
cannot prepare any feasibility study for the PSWMSP.
Considering the urgency of SWM situation in Dumaguete, it is highly recommended that
the LGU be included in the sector project program.
Project costs: Landfill mining $1.5million, collection improvement $0.1million, landfill
establishment $1.8million MRF $1.2million and WTE $7million
Hannu Pelkonen
TL 8115PHI
General Santos Mission Report

Annex 3.3 July 21, 2014

ANNEX 3.3

Annex 3.3 July 21, 2014
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SECTOR PROJECT IN THE PHILIPPINES

Mission to General Santos, South Cotabato
17July 2014
A. INTRODUCTION
1. In the Tripartite meeting on May 23 and later in the Write Shop on July 1 in Clark,
ADB/FASPO have requested the Project Preparatory Technical Assistance (PPTA) team to
find out from three to four highly urbanized cities (HUCs) to be included in the Philippine Solid
Waste Management Sector Project (PSWMSP). On July 17, 2014, FASPO Advisor Raoul
Littaua and PPTA TL Hannu Pelkonen visited General Santos to confirm preliminary analysis,
eligibility and interest of the city for PSWMSP. The meeting was at the City Hall and attended
by Mayor Ronnel Rivera, Engineer Nael Cruspero, City Planning Department Head and
Engineer Teodorico Dumagan, Assistant City Administrator.
2. The main objectives of the meetings with the local government unit (LGU) officials
were (i) to introduce the proposed Philippines Solid Waste Management (SWM) Sector
project; (ii) to assess current SWM situation and discuss needs for technological solutions,
expertise, and resources for the SWM improvement; (iii) to confirm General Santos Citys
interest to participate in the project; and (iv) to validate the selection of General Santos. This
mission memorandum was prepared to summarize the discussions and main findings with
respect to the preparedness and interest with the project of General Santos.
3. Mr. Pelkonen introduced PSWMSP and current time table for the project. Further to
assess the eligibility of city for project, Mr. Cruspero described General Santos SWM status
as follows:
B. SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
4. City Solid Wastes Management Board. The city has an active Solid Wastes
Management Board which was formed in 2004. It meets on as needed basis to tackle
important concerns related to SWM and review and monitor the status of implementation of
the SWM plan.
5. CENRO. CENRO is no longer tasked to handle solid waste management activities.
Two years ago, the City has created its Waste Management Office to handle the governance
and management of solid waste and domestic waste water
6. WM plan. The city has a 10-Year SWM Plan1. It has been approved by the National
Solid Waste Management Commission (NSWMC) and approved for implementation by the
city council in October 2007. EcoGov, which provided technical assistance to the city
government in the conduct of the feasibility and technical studies, was also assisting
General Santos in the implementation of its solid waste and wastewater management
programs. The EcoGov Project is a collaborative effort between USAID and the Department
of Environment and Natural Resources (EcoGov2)
7. Waste analysis and characterization study (WACS). The Waste Analysis and
Characterization Study conducted by the USAID-funded EcoGov2 Project in 2006 reveals
that General Santos generates a total of 170 tons of waste per day (tpd), with per capita
waste generation pegged at 0.44 kilos per day. The study also revealed that 65.5% of the
total waste collected is biodegradable and can be composted, 15.6% is recyclable, 0.5% is
1
Read more http://www.mindanews.com/mailbox/2008/04/24/1st-gensan-recyclable-waste-fair-recovers-5000-
kilos-of-wast/

Annex 3.3 July 21, 2014
considered as special wastes (examples are fluorescent bulbs, alkaline batteries) and only
18.4% is residual. This means that over 80% of waste can be diverted from going into the
dumpsite and can still be converted into something useful. RA 9003 or the Solid Waste
Management Act of 2003 mandates all local government units (LGUs) to divert at least 25%
of their waste.
8. Waste generation and collection. According to the City Planning office, waste
generation is today 320tpd taking into account the current population of 500,000 citizens.
Waste collection efficiency is about 60% and it covers partially all barangays. High-end
residential subdivisions, shopping malls, and restaurants maintain their own wastes collection
contractor. Waste collection has been arranged with the private sector, barangay and
mayors office. Industrial locators specifically and hospitals also contract the collection and
disposal of their solid wastes.
9. Wastes segregation and separate collection. Due to the limited coverage of
existing MRF facilities, the city is not able to implement full wastes segregation and separate
collection. Only government offices and institutions are required to do wastes segregation.
The public market is also required to segregate the biodegradables, which are collected and
brought to the main MRF of the city. Recyclables are collected by the barangays with MRF.
10. Sanitary Landfill (SLF) is under construction. A SLF for final disposal facility
including all associated infrastructure and support facilities is under construction at Barangay
Sinawal, which is approximately 15 km north-west of the centre of the City of General Santos.
The Land Bank of the Philippines (LANDBANK), through the World Bank's Support for
Strategic Local Development and Investment Project (S2LDIP) funded the construction of
General Santos City's 63-hectare sanitary landfill. The project, which will be undertaken via a
Design-Build-Operate (DBO) scheme, is touted as a "state of the art" Category IV sanitary
landfill. General Santos City has a PHP 293 Million loan from Land Bank to fund the sanitary
landfill project.
11. The R-II Builders/Philippine Ecology Systems Consortium prepared the detailed
design of the sanitary solid waste management and disposal facility. The contract consists of:
The construction of the first cell of the sanitary landfill, together with all associated
infrastructure, for the disposal of municipal solid waste
The preparation of operations plan and other relevant documents required in the
standard operation of the waste management and disposal facility
The operation and maintenance of the waste management and disposal facility up
to 18 months, including the provision of training to the staff of the Local
Government Unit General Santos City - in all aspects of facility operation and
maintenance.
Also the City is responsible in the preparation of a closure plan and the phased
and progressive closure and rehabilitation of the existing municipal solid waste
disposal site at Barangay Tambler
12. SLF construction started in April 2013. However, progress of the SLF contraction has
been very slow. Recently, the city has engaged in negotiations with R2 Builders/Phileco to
revive the project. According to Mayor Rivera his ultimate target is to complete the project by
2015.
13. Closure of Barangay Tambler dumpsite. Currently the city disposes an average 68
truckloads per day of MSW to Tambler open dumpsite.

Annex 3.3 July 21, 2014
Open dumpsite around 20 km from city centre

Daily waste collection2 is about 200 tpd.
307 individuals, mostly Indigenous People (IPs) are working on site
Severe environmental and health risk at fire and leachate
14. Department of Environment and Natural Resources-Environmental Management

Bureau 12 (DENR-EMB 12) have called for the closure of the said dumpsite. The DENR-
EMB 12 has provided its guideline on how to shut down the open dumpsite at Tambler.
2
See more at: http://news.pia.gov.ph/index.php?article=1671377239078#sthash.q2Tu6KaS.dpuf

Annex 3.3 July 21, 2014
Proper installation of fences, gas vents and sloping of the dumpsite to prevent erosion
were listed in the guidelines set.
The large disposal pit at Barangay Sinawal shall serve as the new landfill the moment
that the dumpsite at Tambler is closed.
Due diligence report of IPs status is ongoing and a foundation from the citys canning
industry will provide working opportunity for all IPs.
15. The City has planned that the closure of the Tambler dumpsite shall be done in
phases. The closure of the currently active phase 6 has an estimated cost of PHP 65 Million.
If the city qualifies in the IPOPs project, World Bank through the Global Environmental
Facility (GEF) will also post $350,000 to help subsidize the project. The City will be looking
for additional assistance to fully close the Tambler dumpsite.
16. After the briefing on the PPTA of General Santos Citys SWM situation, Mayor
Rivera expressed the Citys keen interest to be included in PSWMSP as a HUC. Mayor
Rivera assured his commitment towards a Clean GenSan or Creating a Liveable
Environment for all in Gensan. After being informed that an expression of interest is needed
to be sent by the Mayor to the Director of FASPO of the Department of Environment and
Natural Resources (DENR), Mayor Rivera instructed City Planning Department to prepare
the LOI.
C. OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES
17. Integrated Waste Management with Water and Sanitation (WS) components will
enhance the Creating a Liveable Environment for all in Gensan daily life by contributing to
improved health and well-being. Furthermore, active measures to cut down the nutrient
loading from the villages to the rivers and sea shall be taken under this project. Public
awareness campaign, information education and communication (IEC) and knowledge
management are also important components of the project.
18. The City has a septage management ordinance mandating that all residents and
businesses shall have their septic tanks regularly desludged. The City is coordinating with
the General Santos City Water District to form a partnership in order to implement the first
phase of desludging program to cover 6 of 26 barangays. The septage treatment facility at
the neighbouring municipality of Alabel, Sarangani Province will be utilized. The City and the
GSCWD have agreed jointly to plan the full service coverage for septage and sewerage
services. The option of looking for a suitable private sector partner is also being considered
via public-private partnership (PPP).
19. SLF at Barangay Sinawal. According to Major Rivera, the SLF for waste disposal,
including all associated infrastructure and support facilities will be implemented with current
arrangements.

Annex 3.3 July 21, 2014
Closure of the dumpsite in Barangay Tambler

20. The City has filed an application for grant WB-GEF support under the DENRs
Integrated Persistent Organic Pollutants Management Project (I-POPs). The City is having
difficulty in meeting some of the requirements of IPOPs due to the slow progress of the
implementation of the sanitary landfill project by the contractor.
21. Waste To Energy (WTE). Globally, the energy crunch as well as soaring fuel prices
has driven bio fuel demand up alongside technology development. In emerging markets
especially, rural communities are rapidly urbanizing, forming new user groups of investors
favouring the development of the platform for bio-fuel technologies and products. The
demand for alternative fuel for CHP power plants is also growing in the Philippines. In
addition WTE represents a real opportunity for concrete measures to mitigate climate change
at the local level.
22. Bio-Gas Plant. Separation of bio-waste from residuals and recyclables could
facilitate an establishment of the high load anaerobic digester with bio-sludge from
canneries about 4ton/d of dry residuals (DR), slaughterhouse 3ton/d DR, septage
sludge 2ton/d DR, piggeries 3ton/d DR and 34 ton DR from households. To save
costs in sludge handling and maximize benefit from electricity production and excess
heat conversion for cooling form slurry ice, the biogas plant shall be located in an
appropriate place nearby the canneries. It is assumed that that bio-gas production is
about 21,500m3/d. The electric capacity of CHP plant is about 2MW.
23. Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Plant. In addition, high heat value residuals of
about 60tpd could generate about 1MW electricity. The Mission proposes that splitting of the
waste (MRF) will be done at the SLF site and processed residual drive fuel (RDF) will be
transported to an appropriate location near the grid 11.5kW of industry to avoid construction
of 15km grid system.
24. LGU commitment to SWM. The commitment of General Santos to implement
Republic Act (RA) 9003 is seen in the following; General Santos has a 10-Year SWM Plan
approved by the NSWMC and the city council for implementation. The City Solid Wastes
Management Board as well the Barangay Solid Wastes Management Committee play a very

Annex 3.3 July 21, 2014
active role in the implementation of SWM in the city. Additionally, the city council is fully
supportive of the implementation of SWM. However, few SWM Ordinances have been
created to support the implementation of RA 9003 and other environmental initiatives of the
city.
25. Model for HUCs. The City of General Santos is a suitable model for HUCs. It is a
fast-growing business and industrial centre in the heart of Mindanao, where SWM system
needs urgent actions. Its main problem is a massive burning open dump site in barangay
Tambler where about 150 IPs are working for livelihood from recyclables. It is anticipated
that Mayor Rivera will take a full responsibility for implementation of new SLF and
consequently, a closure of the dumpsite.
26. City has approved the 10-yrs SWM plan with WACS are approved. The city has been
a recipient of grants for technical and environmental studies related to SWM and due
diligence of IPs from DENR and the WB. These materials will be helpful and will expedite the
preparation of the feasibility for the city.
27. Conclusion. Based on the teams assessment of candidate LGUs for HUCs using the
selection criteria, General Santos city ranks ahead of the cities of Baguio and Dumaguete.
28. Initial Investment cost:
Closure of Barangay Tambler dumpsite $1.5million,
Bio-gas plant $8million including 5 sludge collection trucks
WTE 8million, MRF and Dries $1.5million and collection improvement $0.5million and
waste bins $0.2million.
Hannu Pelkonen
TL PPTA 8115PHI
PPTA 8115
Annex 3.4 Santa Rosa Mission Report

Santa Rosa Mission Report
ANNEX3.4
PPTA 8115
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SECTOR PROJECT IN THE PHILIPPINES

Mission to Santa Rosa City, Laguna
25 February 2013
A. INTRODUCTION
1. After the Consultative Stakeholder Workshop on the Inception Report on 22 February
2013, the Project Preparatory Technical Assistance (PPTA) team decided to expand the
number of model local government units (LGUs) to include highly urbanized cities (HUCs).
Proposed to be added are the cities of Sta Rosa in Laguna and Tagum in Davao del Norte.
Atty Roberto Demigillo (Legal Specialist) and Emmanuel Vargas (Solid Waste Management
[SWM] Specialist) volunteered to conduct the scoping site visit in Santa Rosa City. The visit
was done on 25 February 2013. Atty. Demigillo used to work in Santa Rosa City, particularly
with the present City Environment and Natural Resources Officer (CENRO), Ms. Erlinda C.
Creencia, and thus easily made appointment with her.
2. After the briefing on the PPTA, the CENRO expressed her keen interest to have
Santa Rosa be included in the selection for model HUC. She expressed great interest in the
feasibility and other SWM studies to be conducted for the city, particularly involving available
SWM technologies such as wastes to energy, new incineration technologies, and others that
will not need big lands for wastes disposal that the city is having great difficulty to find. After
being informed that an expression of interest will need to be sent by the mayor to the
Secretary of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), the CENRO
suggested that the PPTA representatives meet with the mayor. It was fortunate that the
mayor was available.
3. After a short briefing, the mayor likewise expressed her keen interest to have Santa
Rosa be included in the loan project. She also promised to send the expression of interest
but requested the PPTA team to provide them a sample letter.
4. After the meeting with the Mayor, the PPTA team together with Jason Bunyi, CENRO
staff member, proceeded to visit the citys main materials recovery facility (MRF) and three
barangays MRFs. We also visited the Pilotage sanitary landfill in San Pedro where the city
contractor for wastes collection and disposal, Pilotage Trading and Construction (PTAC), is
disposing the city wastes.
5. The next section describes the situation of SWM in Santa Rosa City, including the
teams assessment of SWM practices based on the information gathered from the CENRO,
the 10-Year SWM Plan, and the site inspection.
B. SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
6. Population and barangays. Sta Rosa has a population of 284,670 as of the 2010
census. It is composed of 18 urban barangays, 3 of which are in the poblacion.
7. City Solid Wastes Management Board. The city has an active Solid Wastes
Management Board which was formed in 2007. It meets on as needed basis to tackle
important concerns related to SWM and review and monitor the status of implementation of
the SWM plan.
8. Barangay Solid Wastes Management Committee. The formation of the Barangay
Solid Wastes Management Committee was one of the first actions of the City Solid Wastes
Management Board after it was established. The committee was formed in each of the 18
barangays in Sta. Rosa in 2007.
PPTA 8115
9. SWM plan. The city has a 10-Year SWM Plan. It has been approved by the National
Solid Waste Management Commission (NSWMC) and approved for implementation by the
city council in October 2007.
10. Waste analysis and characterization study (WACS). WACS was conducted during
the preparation of the SWM Plan. The result is presented in Table 1.
Table 1: Waste Composition in Sta. Rosa City
Wastes Composition (% by Weight)
Wastes Low Middle High Commercial Commercial Market Indus- Offices Schools Street
Income Income Income (Large) (Small) trial Sweeping
Organics 54% 46% 48% 33% 38% 43% 31% 27% 26% 53%
Inorganics 3% 6% 8% 4% 15% 2% 0 9 0 9
Hazardous 0% 2% 1% 0 0 0 7% 0 0 0
Special 1% 2% 4% 1% 2% 1% 4% 0 0 0
Plastics 24% 20% 17% 32% 25% 21% 5% 16% 32% 17%
Paper 14% 16% 15% 28% 14% 27% 27% 42% 38% 14%
Glass 2% 4% 4% 2% 1% 3% 0 1% 0 3%
Metal 2% 4% 3% 3% 5% 3% 26% 5% 4% 4%
% of Total 9% 10% 10% 10% 12% 10% 9% 11% 9% 10%
Source: 10-Year Comprehensive Ecological Solid Wastes Management Plan of Sta Rosa City.
11. Estimated average per capita wastes generation based on the WACS conducted in
2004 was 0.60 kilogram (kg) per day.
12. CENRO. The city created a regular plantilla position for CENRO with a separate office
in 2000. The office presently maintains 4 technical and 30 non-technical staff members,
some of which are on job contract.
13. Coverage of collection. Wastes collection covers all the 18 barangays, including
most of the private residential subdivisions. High-end residential subdivisions, shopping
malls, and restaurants maintain their own wastes collection contractor. Industrial locators and
hospitals also contract the collection and disposal of their solid wastes, including treatment of
special wastes.
14. Wastes segregation and separate collection. Due to the limited coverage of
existing MRF facilities, the city is not able to implement full wastes segregation and separate
collection. Only government offices and institutions are required to do wastes segregation.
The public market also is required to segregate the biodegradables, which are collected and
brought to the main MRF of the city. Recyclables are collected by the barangays with MRF.
15. Collection of wastes has been contracted by the city with PTAC, which operates the
Pilotage sanitary landfill. The contract is for total clean-up, requiring PTAC to collect all
wastes from the entire city including from the low- and middle-income residential
subdivisions.
16. The schedule of wastes collection is presented in Table 2.
PPTA A 8115
Philippin
nes Solid Waste Managemment Sector P
Project
Annex 3.4 Santa Ro
osa Mission R
Report
Table
T 2: Sch
hedule of Wastes Colle
ection in Sta
a. Rosa City
y
Sou
urce: 10-Year Comprehensive
C e Ecological So
olid Wastes Ma
anagement Plan
n of Sta Rosa C
City.
PPTA 8115
17. Facilities. While Sta. Rosa has allocated an initial budget of P5 million for barangay
MRF facilities, only 4 out of the citys 18 barangays have established their MRF due to the
difficulty of finding a suitable site for MRF. The barangays with MRF are
1. Tagapo - The MRF is situated in the lot owned by the chairman of Brgy. Sinalhan.
It is operated by an Eco Manager assisted by four Eco Boys whose salaries are
paid by the city government.
2. Pulong Sta Cruz - The MRF is located in a lot along the bank of Sta. Rosa River.
Management of the operation is similar to that of Brgy. Tagapo, but the salaries are
supplemented by revenues from the sales of recyclables.
3. Don Jose - The MRF is located in the same compound for the Barangay Hall,
Community Center, and Health Center. The MRF is used for storage and sorting of
recyclables as well as for the manufacture of handicrafts from packaging wastes
provided by companies located in the barangay. The barangay covers 10 puroks
with 14 residential subdivisions, and some commercial and industrial
establishments. The MRF is operated by an Eco Manager assisted by 30 Eco
Boys: three Eco Boys are responsible for the collection of recyclables per purok.
Each kilogram of recyclables is exchanged for a kilogram of rice. The salaries of
the Eco Manager and the Eco Boys are paid by the barangay.
4. Caingin The team was not able to visit the barangay MRF due to time constraint.
18. In addition to the four barangay MRFs, Sta. Rosa has a central MRF in Brgy.
Sinalhan, which has three DOST bioreactors of 4-ton capacity each and a set of equipment
for charcoal briquetting. During the visit, each bioreactor was only processing 1 ton of waste
per day--the amount of biodegradeables for composting that was collected from the public
market. Coconut wastes coming from the public market are made into charcoal briquettes.
Total daily production of charcoal briquettes during the visit was 40 kgs.
19. Disposal facility. There is no disposal facility inside the city as there is no available
site big enough to host it. The city disposes of its wastes into the Pilotage sanitary landfill
located in Brgy. San Antonio, San Pedro. The disposal facility cannot be considered a
sanitary landfill, however, because it lacks the safety features to prevent contamination of the
ground water.
20. The disposal facilitys exposed wall and bottom does not show the installation of a
geomembrane liner to prevent leachate from percolating into the ground. It also does not
have any leachate treatment facilities, and according to the disposal supervisor, the leachate
is just re-circulated. No installation to provide for re-circulation however has been noted on
the site. There is also no weigh bridge for measuring accurately the amount of wastes that
are disposed of. According to the facility staff that accompanied the PPTA team at the
disposal area, at least 150 truckloads of wastes are disposed of at the facility daily. At an
average of 23 cubic meters (c3) per truck, assuming density of mixed wastes at loaded truck
of 0.30 ton/c3, this is equivalent to more than 1,000 ton/day which requires a Category 4
sanitary landfill.
21. Since the Pilotage sanitary landfill--the present disposal facility of Sta Rosa--does not
meet the required standard for disposal facilities, it may later be prevented from receiving
wastes by the Laguna Lake Development Authority (LLDA). This will pose a huge
environmental problem not only to Sta Rosa but also to the neighboring cities of San Pedro,
Binan, and Calamba, which dispose of their wastes in the Pilotage sanitary landfill.
PPTA 8115
22. Potential for clustering with adjacent municipalities Recognizing the need for a
disposal site for the city, the mayor of Sta Rosa has made initial discussions with the
neighboring municipality of Silang where there are vast tracks of lands suitable for a sanitary
landfill. The results of these initial discussions with the incumbent mayor of Silang have been
favourable.
23. Potential for developing wastes to energy facilities. Technological advances
relevant to wastes to energy conversion have allowed not only organic-based wastes but
also raw municipal solid wastes to be used. There are now available wastes to energy
system that has capability to process municipal solid wastes without the need for pre-
processing the wastes.
24. This waste to energy facilities will not need big sites unlike the requirements for
sanitary landfill. This is an attractive alternative for improving the SWM of the city as it has
potential for earning revenues not only from the energy produced but also from clean
development mechanism1.
25. Political vulnerability. The incumbent mayor of Sta. Rosa is only on his second
term and many believe that she will win her reelection. However, since the incumbent mayor
of Silang is already in his last term, the initial positive discussions between the two mayors
about Silangs hosting a sanitary landfill for Sta. Rosa may be affected by the results of the
upcoming elections. But if the daughter of the incumbent mayor of Silang wins the mayoral
race, these initial discussions may bear concrete results. Additionally the city has an existing
environmental code that mandates the implementation of an integrated SWM and pollution
control and the citys SWM Plan.
26. LGU commitment to SWM. The commitment of Sta. Rosa to implement Republic Act
(RA) 9003 is seen in the following. Sta. Rosa has a 10-Year SWM Plan approved by the
NSWMC and the city council for implementation. It is probably one of the first HUCs that
have created a CENRO with a separate office right after the affectivity of RA 9003.
27. The City Solid Wastes Management Board as well the Barangay Solid Wastes
Management Committee plays a very active role in the implementation of SWM in the city.
Additionally, the city council is fully supportive of the implementation of SWM and has in fact
passed Ordinance 1720-2011 or the Environmental Code of the City of Santa Rosa to
support the implementation of RA 9003 and other environmental initiatives of the city. The
city is probably one of the first, if not the only HUC in the Philippines,that has enacted an
Environmental Code.
28. In order to collect and dispose of wastes properly, Sta Rosa has entered into a clean-
up contract with PTAC, which is costing the city about P54 million yearly.
29. Suitability as a model for HUCs. The City of Sta. Rosa is a suitable model for HUCs
because its main problem in the effective implementation of SWM, like most HUCs, is the
non-availability of lands for SWM facilities. How Sta. Rosa will solve the problem through the
project will serve as model for other HUCs, particularly the neighbouring cities. Sta Rosa is in
a good position to provide impact because its neighbouring cities, which are the immediate
LGUs likely to follow her example, are some of the big HUCs in the Calabarzon. This area is
right next to Metropolitan Manila, which is the largest wastes generator in the country.
30. Financial capacity to implement SWM programs. The city belongs to the
billionaires club, or the LGUs with yearly income of more than P1 billion. Notwithstanding its
1
Carbon Credit
PPTA 8115
multitude of ongoing projects, some of which may be implemented by funding from existing
loans, the city has enough financial capacity to pay for loans to implement SWM programs .
31. Suitability for feasibility study. The WACS is due for updating by the CENRO. The
city has been a recipient of grants for technical and environmental studies related to SWM.
These materials will be helpful in the preparation of the feasibility for the city. Additionally, the
city has committed to provide necessary counterpart and support staff for the preparation of
the feasibility study. In summary, the city is equipped and prepared for the feasibility study.
32. Possible environmentally critical situation. The present disposal site for the city,
the Pilotage sanitary landfill, is located in San Antonio, San Pedro, which is about 25 km to
35 km by road travel depending on the route taken. The site was inspected during the
scoping visit to Sta Rosa and was assessed to be not in compliance with regulatory
standards for the quantities of wastes accepted by the facility. If this disposal facility is issued
an Environmental compliance certificate Violation Notice and closed, the city will be in great
difficulty because it has no alternative disposal site for its wastes.
33. Conclusion. Based on the teams assessment of candidate LGUs for HUCs using the
selection criteria, Sta. Rosa ranks ahead of the cities of Baugio and Dumaguete.
34. Investment cost: Landfill $3million, WTE 14 million, MRF and Drier $1.4million and
collection improvement $0.4million and waste bins $0.1million.
Hannu Pelkonen
TL PPTA 8115PHI
PPTA 8115
Annex 3.5 Zambonga City
Zambonga City SWM Proposal

ANNEX 3.5
PPTA 8115
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT EXPANSION PROGRAM OF ZAMBOANGA CITY
As of October 2014
A. Brief I nformation:
The City is currently estimated to generate approximately 300 tons per day.
Average waste collected and disposed in landfill is 160 tons per day. Waste collection
service covers all the 31 urban barangays and 8 rural barangays.
61 percent is biodegradable wastes and 39 percent for non-biodegradable wastes.
Provision of waste collection services are shared by the city government and some
barangays as shown on the ff. tables.
Table 1: Core Area

Shared Collection Services
Barangays Waste Collection
Vehicle Provision of fuel Manpower Brgy. Trucks & Status Coverage
OCENR OCENR OCENR Main Road
Baliwasan 1 running; 1 Service
Barangay Barangay Barangay Contract Remaining Areas
Calarian Barangay (Driver
OCENR Barangay OCENR) 3 down Entire Brgy
Camino Nuevo
Campo I slam
Canelar
OCENR OCENR Barangay 1 down I nterior
Divisoria along hi-way
Guiwan
Barangay Barangay Barangay 1 running; 1 down Remaining Areas
Kasanyangan
Lunzuran
Mariki
OCENR OCENR Barangay
Pasonanca Entire Brgy
Barangay Barangay Barangay 2 running units
Putik
Private Private Private Contracted Service Remaining Areas
Rio Hondo
San Jose Cawa-
Cawa
OCENR OCENR OCENR Designated Route
San Jose Gusu
Barangay Barangay Barangay 1 runnning & 1 reserved Remaining Areas
OCENR OCENR Barangay
San Roque 1 down; 1 running; 1 to Entire Brgy
Barangay Barangay Barangay be delivered
Sta. Barbara
Sta. Catalina OCENR Barangay Barangay
Barangay Barangay Barangay 1 down & 1 running
OCENR Barangay Barangay
Sta. Maria Entire Brgy
Sto. Nio
PPTA 8115
Driver OCENR &
Talon-Talon OCENR Barangay Barangay Entire Brgy
Barangay Barangay Barangay 1 running; 1 down
OCENR OCENR OCENR
Tetuan Entire Brgy
Tugbungan OCENR OCENR Barangay 1 down Entire Brgy
Tumaga OCENR OCENR Barangay Remaining Areas
Barangay Barangay Barangay 2 running unit Entire Brgy
Zone I
Zone II
Zone III
Zone IV
Table 2: Expansion Area
Collection Services
Barangays
Waste Collection Provision of Brgy. Trucks & Coverage
Vehicle fuel Manpower Status (Schedule)
Cabatangan Designated
Route(Every
OCENR Barangay OCENR No Garbage Truck Saturday)
Cawit Designated Route
OCENR OCENR OCENR 1 down (Tue, Thur & Sat)
Recodo Designated
1 down; 1 newly Route/ pick-up
OCENR OCENR OCENR acquired points (Daily)
Sangali Designated Route
OCENR OCENR OCENR 1 down (Every Tuesday)
Taluksangay Designated Route
OCENR OCENR OCENR No Garbage Truck (Every Friday)
Tulungatung Designated Route
OCENR OCENR OCENR No Garbage Truck (M-W-F)
Designated Pick-up
Sinunuc OCENR OCENR OCENR 1 running; 1 down Points (Daily)
Mampang Barangay Barangay Barangay 1 running Entire barangay
Four Material Recovery Facilities are being operated by city using the happy soil
technology for composting.
The city is currently operating a 4.6 hectares controlled disposal facility located at
Barangay Lumbangan, this City.
The establishment/ construction of a new sanitary landfill facility (phase 1) is ongoing
and more or less 90% completed. Located in barangay salaan, this city.
Currently, Phase 1 of the construction/ establishment of a Sanitary Landfill Facility at

Barangay Salaan is ongoing under two (2) contracts. The first contract amounting to
Php65M is already completed covering the construction of landfill area/ waste
retaining facility (Cell No. 1), liner facility, leachate collection facility, and leachate
treatment facility. While, the second contract amounting to some Php10M covering
the construction of site/ administration office, stormwater drainage facility, gas
venting facility, access roads, fencing and security, signages and monitoring facilities
PPTA 8115
(ground water monitoring well) is more or less 90% completion. The completion and
operationalization of said facility is expected to be on last quarter of 2014
Both disposal facilities are being managed and operated by the City Government
thru the Office of the City Environment and Natural Resources (OCENR)
B. Overview of 10-yrs SWM Plan:
I n compliance with the mandates of Republic Act No. 9003 known as the Ecological
Solid Waste Management Act of 2000, the City Government of Zamboanga has
formulated a ten (10) years Citys Solid Waste Management (CSWM) Plan. I t was
subsequently adopted by the Sangguniang Panlungsod dated October 6, 2005 and
duly approved by the National Solid Waste Management Commission last March 4,
2010.
The Zamboanga City SWM System has the following approaches: (i) waste
segregation and reduction at source, (ii) information, education and communication
(I EC) campaign; (iii) waste collection and transfer; and (vi) final disposal:
Solid Waste Management Plan Conceptual framework
PPTA 8115
Annual Budget for SWM PROGRAM (C.Y. 2014)
Garbage Collection 2014

PERSONAL SERVI CES 9,064,904.72
MAI NTENANCE AND OTHER OPERATI NG EXPENSES
Gasoline, Oil, and Lubricants Expenses 12,082,846.00
Other Supplies Expenses 428,759.82
Repairs and Maintenance - Motor Vehicles -
Repairs and Maintenance - Other Transportation Equipment 1,782,834.00
I nsurance Expenses 541,765.83

5
PPTA 8115
Other Maintenance and Operating Expenses 185,000.00
OMOE (Contract Workers) 3,640,416.00 18,661,621.65

CAPI TAL OUTLAY -
TOTAL FOR GARBAGE COLLECTI ON 27,726,526.37
Total PS and MOOE 27,726,526.37
2,813.45
O&M of Material Recovery Facilities
PERSONAL SERVI CES 1,268,679.12
Other Supplies Expenses 5,925,274.00
Water Expenses 112,000.00
Electricity Expenses 749,333.00
Repair and Maintenance - Other Machinery and Equipment 720,000.00
OMOE (Contract Workers) 4,733,664.00 13,386,938.00

CAPI TAL OUTLAY 402,000.00
TOTAL FOR MRF OPERATI ON 15,057,617.12
Landfill Operation
PERSONAL SERVI CES 839,103.56
Other Supplies Expenses 2,306,000.00
Water Expenses 40,000.00
Electricity Expenses 106,667.00
Repair and Maintenance - Construction and Heavy Equipment 3,059,961.00
OMOE (Contract Workers) 747,552.00 10,932,180.00
CAPI TAL OUTLAY 8,000,000.00
TOTAL FOR LANDFI LL OPERATI ON 19,771,283.56
Total Personal Services 11,172,687.40
Total Maintenance and Other Operating Expenses 42,980,739.65
Total Capital Outlay 8,402,000.00
TOTAL ANNUAL APPROPRI ATI ON 62,555,427.05
Cost Estimates in $US for extension of SWM services in Zambonga City:
PPTAA 8115
Philippin
nes Solid Waste Managem
ment Sector P
Project
Annex 3
3.5 Zambonga City
Construction of Mate
erial Recoverry Facility in the new SLF
F site 4
470,000
Establishment of a Transfer Stat ion at west coast
c of the city* , see b
below 3
300,000
Closure of
o Controlled
d Disposal fa
acility at bara
angay Lumb angan. 5
500,000
Transfer Station in th
he existing Lumbangan
L MRF
M 3
300,000
Expansio
on and upgra
ading of was
ste collection
n system. 2
250,000
Posssible
e WTE componet 2MW 9,0
000,000
T
Total $US 10,8 20,000
* Typical transfer without

w compaction
Figure1:EExampleforttransferinop
pensemitrailerandtranspport
Steps: 1.Transfer 2.Transferveh

hicle70m 3.Disposalatlan
ndfill1
1. Such
S a trans
sfer station usually has
s several tip
pping placess into severral containe
ers or
semi-trailers.
2. Often
O the MW
W is slightly compacted
c by
b a wheele ed loader, be
efore shippin
ng. Dependinng on
whether the waste already was s compacted in a wasste collection n vehicle orr whether itt was
delivered
d loose on open trucks s or by com mpanies, the n these containers can vary
e density in
between 50 kg/m an nd 300 kg/mm. In the are
ea most of th
he MW will b
be delivered with compa
action
RCVs2, which
w usually
y unload a MW
M of a density of 200 to o 300 kg/m.
3. The
T MW is th hen transporrted by truck
k-trailers, transporting 2 containers o
of 40 m eacch, or
about 16 alking floor semi-trailerss with 100 m, transpo
6 to 20 t in total or wa orting 18 to 22 t,
dependin
ng on the de
ensity of MW
W.
4. Sometimes
S the transfer is not done
e directly, bu
ut indirectly,, giving wasste scavenge
ers a
chance forf picking recyclable materials
m as
s well as to o buffer the fluctuating quantity off MW
delivered
d especially during the peak
p hours or
o delivery, aand to optimise the number of conta ainers
or semi-ttrailers needed.
5. Iff the station is located close to res
sidential are
eas, it needs to be hou
used, in ord
der to
prevent odour
o proble
ems.
1
Source: Transfer
T Station
n Swistal-Miel, Germany
2
Residuess Compaction Vehicle
V
7
PPTA 8115 PHI:

Annex4 List of Open and Controlled Dumpsites
List of Open and Controlled Dumpsites

ANNEX 4
1
PPTA 8115 PHI:
National Solid Waste Management Commission

Office of the Secretariat
List of OPEN Dumpsites
Total: 602 in the beginning of 2013
Location LGU Province Region
174 OD with ATC
Brgy Caraitan Badoc Ilocos Norte 1
Brgy #31 Camadingan Batac City Ilocos Norte 1
Brgy Agaga Burgos Ilocos Norte 1
Brgy Paltoc San Emilio Ilocos Sur 1
Brgy Poblacion Sigay Ilocos Sur 1
Brgy Baringcucurong Suyo Ilocos Sur 1
Brgy Central West Bauang La Union 1
Brgy Damortis Santo Tomas La Union 1
Brgy Allilao Dasol Pangasinan 1
Brgy Dacumot San Jacinto Pangasinan 1
Brgy Nangapogan San Quitin Pangasinan 1
Brgy Bayaoas(Amaronan) Umingan Pangasinan 1
Sitio Kalamwasan, Brgy Sta. Rosa Itbayat Batanes 2
Brgy Banguian Abulug Cagayan 2
Brgy Maraburab Alcala Cagayan 2
Brgy Daan-lili Allacapan Cagayan 2
Brgy Centro West and Pattao Buguey Cagayan 2
Brgy Culao Claveria Cagayan 2
Brgy Aguib Piat Cagayan 2
Brgy Sampaguita Solana Cagayan 2
Brgy Carig Norte Tuguegarao City Cagayan 2
Brgy Dagupan Alicia Isabela 2
Sitio Subasta, Brgy Saranay Aurora Isabela 2
Sitio Subasta, Brgy Saranay Cabatuan Isabela 2
Brgy Tagisi Namnama Ilagan (Capital) Isabela 2
Brgy San Miguel Ramon Isabela 2
Brgy Sta. Filomena San Mariano Isabela 2
Brgy Arcon Tumauini Isabela 2
Sitio Hilltop, Brgy Nagsabaran Diadi Nueva Vizcaya 2
Sitio Bliss, Brgy Malasin Dupax del Norte Nueva Vizcaya 2
Brgy Alloy(Poblacion) Kasibu Nueva Vizcaya 2
Brgy Rang-ayan Aglipay Quirino 2
Purok 4, Brgy San Marcos Cabarroguis Quirino 2
Brgy Salvacion Saguday Quirino 2
Malaking Bato, Brgy Mabatang Abucay Bataan 3
Sitio Mamala, Brgy St Francis I Limay Bataan 3
Brgy Ipag Mariveles Bataan 3
Brgy Gen. Lim Orion Bataan 3
Sitio Bambang, Brgy San Juan Samal Bataan 3
Brgy Mambog Malolos City Bulacan 3
Brgy Valle Cruz Cabanatuan City Nueva Ecija 3
Brgy Concepcion Cabiao Nueva Ecija 3
Brgy R.A. Padilla Carranglan Nueva Ecija 3
Brgy Bonifacio Cuyapo Nueva Ecija 3
Pollilio, Brgy Poblacion San Isidro Nueva Ecija 3
McArthur Highway, Brgy Sulipan Apalit Pampanga 3
Putol, Brgy Bebe Anac Masantol Pampanga 3
Brgy Sta Catalina Minalin Pampanga 3
2
PPTA 8115 PHI:
Brgy San Agustin Santa Ana Pampanga 3

Brgy San Matias Santo Tomas Pampanga 3
Brgy Dapdap (Acocolao) Paniqui Tarlac 3
Brgy Lanat San Manuel Tarlac 3
Brgy Nagbayan (Poblacion) Castillejos Zambales 3
So. Tubo-tubo, Brgy Burgos San Antonio Zambales 3
Brgy Manglicmot San Felipe Zambales 3
Sitio Mambog, Brgy Linasin San Marcelino Zambales 3
Brgy Paete San Narciso Zambales 3
Brgy Tubo-Tubo South Santa Cruz Zambales 3
Brgy Calapacuan Subic Zambales 3
Brgy Sahod Ulan Tanza Cavite 4a
Brgy San Miguel Alaminos Laguna 4a
WARM, Brgy Paciano Rizal (Pook Bay Laguna 4a
Brgy Ibabang Palina Liliw Laguna 4a
Brgy Sta Catalina Majayjay Laguna 4a
Brgy Anibong Pagsanjan Laguna 4a
Brgy Burgos Pakil Laguna 4a
Brgy Sulib Pangil Laguna 4a
Brgy San Isidro Ibaba General Luna Quezon 4a
Brgy Antipolo Pagbilao Quezon 4a
Brgy Pinagbayanan Pitogo Quezon 4a
Brgy Ilayang Owain Sampaloc Quezon 4a
Sitio Bunot, Brgy Lunsad Binangonan Rizal 4a
Brgy Upper Mapakla (Special District) Jala-Jala Rizal 4a
So Bugarin Brgy Halayhayin Pilillia Rizal 4a
Brgy Bayanan Pola Oriental Mindoro 4b
Brgy Magsaysay Santa Fe Romblon 4b
Brgy Banao Bacacay Albay 5
Brgy Sua Camalig Albay 5
Brgy Peafrancia Daraga (Locsin) Albay 5
Brgy Poblacion Rapu-rapu Albay 5
Brgy Salvacion Santo Domingo Albay 5
Brgy Bibirao Daet Camarines Norte 5
Brgy Masalong Labo Camarines Norte 5
Brgy Tugos Paracale Camarines Norte 5
Brgy Calangcawan Sur Vinzons Camarines Norte 5
Brgy Siramag / Laganac Balatan Camarines Sur 5
Brgy San Vicente Bato Camarines Sur 5
Brgy Comadaycaday Del Gallego Camarines Sur 5
Brgy La Opinion Nabua Camarines Sur 5
Brgy San Vicente Ocampo Camarines Sur 5
Brgy San Isidro Sipocot Camarines Sur 5
Brgy Coyaoyao Tigaon Camarines Sur 5
Brgy Bagong Sirang Baras Catanduanes 5
Brgy Oga Pandan Catanduanes 5
Brgy Sta. Ana Panganiban (Payo) Catanduanes 5
Brgy Canvaez Batuan Masbate 5
Pulang Bato, Brgy Kinamaligan Masbate City Masbate 5
Brgy Umabay Exterior Mobo Masbate 5
Brgy Silangan San Fernando Masbate 5
Brgy Lungib Casiguran Sorsogon 5
Brgy San Isidro Donsol Sorsogon 5
Brgy Caditaan Magallanes Sorsogon 5
Brgy San Antonio Santa Magdalena Sorsogon 5
Brgy Poblacion III Hamtic Antique 6
Brgy Cristina Tapaz Capiz 6
3
PPTA 8115 PHI:
Sitio Balagon, Brgy Badiang Anilao Iloilo 6

Brgy Licuan Barotac Nuevo Iloilo 6
Brgy Calaguhan Batad Iloilo 6
Brgy Alabidhan Bingawan Iloilo 6
Brgy Ilayan Calinog Iloilo 6
Brgy Anonoo Guimbal Iloilo 6
Brgy Signe Igbaras Iloilo 6
Brgy Tuburan Janiuay Iloilo 6
Brgy MV Hechanova Leganes Iloilo 6
Brgy Velasco Lemery Iloilo 6
Brgy Pandan Leon Iloilo 6
Brgy Magsaysay Maasin Iloilo 6
Brgy Aminoy Mina Iloilo 6
Brgy Paga San Enrique Iloilo 6
Brgy Consuelo Ilog Negros Occidental 6
Zone III, Brgy Catubla Talisay City Negros Occidental 6
Sitio Bunacan, Brgy Salamanca Toboso Negros Occidental 6
Brgy National High Way (Ayungon) Valladolid Negros Occidental 6
Brgy Roxas Bilar Bohol 7
Brgy Bonbon Calape Bohol 7
Bgy Buenavista Loboc Bohol 7
Brgy Moto Sur Loon Bohol 7
Calinginan Norte Sevilla Bohol 7
Sitio Candaitm, Brgy Cadampas Tagbilaran City Bohol 7
Brgy Pajo Daanbantayan Cebu 7
Brgy Bairan Naga City Cebu 7
Sitio Kamangahan, Brgy Himinsula San Francisco Cebu 7
Brgy Lubo Sogod Cebu 7
Sitio Malapagyao, Brgy Kabulakan Santa Catalina Negros Oriental 7
Brgy Cangmating Sibulan Negros Oriental 7
Brgy Bong-ao Valencia (Luzuriaga) Negros Oriental 7
Brgy Julag Balangkayan Eastern Samar 8
Sitio Cabacungan, Brgy San Pedro Quinapondan Eastern Samar 8
Sitio Mudboronay, Brgy Buenavista Alangalang Leyte 8
Brgy Taytagan Bontoc Southern Leyte 8
Brgy Tubuan Hinunangan Southern Leyte 8
Brgy Navalita Hinundayan Southern Leyte 8
Sitio Doangan, Brgy Poblacion Liloan Southern Leyte 8
Brgy Comdabo Maasin City Southern Leyte 8
Brgy Tubod Silago Southern Leyte 8
Purok 2, Brgy Poblacion La Libertad Zamboanga del Norte 9
Brgy Upper Baluran Imelda Zamboanga Sibugay 9
Brgy Tugaya Valencia City Bukidnon 10
Brgy Curvada Kapatagan Lanao del Norte 10
Brgy Mamanga Daku Plaridel Misamis Occidental 10
Brgy Matangad Gitagum Misamis Oriental 10
Brgy Gen Luna Carmen North Cotabato 12
Brgy Cabpangi Libungan North Cotabato 12
Sitio Bangaan, Poblacion Magpet North Cotabato 12
Brgy Manubuan Matalam North Cotabato 12
Brgy Malamote Midsayap North Cotabato 12
Brgy Magallon M'Lang North Cotabato 12
Brgy Fort Pukit Pikit North Cotabato 12
Brgy Bales (Poblacion) Maasim Sarangani 12
Sitio Os-os, Brgy Poblacion 1 Buenavista Agusan del Norte 13
Sitio Montallo, Brgy Kinabjangan Nasipit Agusan del Norte 13
Sitio Masapia, Brgy Consuelo Bunawan Agusan del Sur 13
4
PPTA 8115 PHI:
Sitio Domoyog, Brgy Poblacion 1 La Paz Agusan del Sur 13

Brgy Awa Prosperidad Agusan del Sur 13
Brgy Nuevo Trabajo San Luis Agusan del Sur 13
Brgy New Mabuhay (site2) Dinagat Dinagat Islands 13
Sitio Dapya, Brgy San Antonio Libjo (Albor) Dinagat Islands 13
Brgy Poblacion 1 Burgos Surigao del Norte 13
Sitio Pangi, Brgy Upper Ladgaron Claver Surigao del Norte 13
Brgy Poblacion 11 Dapa Surigao del Norte 13
Brgy Poblacion 5 General Luna Surigao del Norte 13
Sitio Bantolinao, Brgy Ganayon Lianga Surigao del Sur 13
Brgy San Jose Tandag (Capital) Surigao del Sur 13
Brgy Dilag Tabuk City (Capital) Kalinga CAR
407 Open Dumpsite

Sitio, Sinidangan, Brgy Poblacion Adams Ilocos Norte 1
Brgy Valenciano Dumalneg Ilocos Norte 1
Brgy Lyara Marcos Ilocos Norte 1
Brgy San Cristobal Sarrat Ilocos Norte 1
Brgy Poblacion Norte (Ul-Uling) Gregorio del Pilar Ilocos Sur 1
Brgy Poblacion(new site) Quirino (Angkaki) Ilocos Sur 1
Brgy Poblacion (new) Salcedo (Baugen) Ilocos Sur 1
Brgy Darao San Juan (Lapog) Ilocos Sur 1
Brgy Darao San Juan (Lapog) Ilocos Sur 1
Brgy Tangaoan Santa Maria Ilocos Sur 1
Brgy Poblacion Sugpon Ilocos Sur 1
Brgy Poblacion Bagulin La Union 1
Brgy Laoag Aguilar Pangasinan 1
Brgy San Pedro III Alcala Pangasinan 1
Brgy Dumpay Basista Pangasinan 1
Brgy Laguit-Padilla Bugallon Pangasinan 1
Brgy Bonuan Buquig (Gueset) Dagupan City Pangasinan 1
Brgy Quibaol Lingayen (Capital) Pangasinan 1
S, Banaba, Binday San Fabian Pangasinan 1
Brgy Barangobong Tayug Pangasinan 1
Brgy Bayaoas Urbiztondo Pangasinan 1
Brgy Radiwan Ivana Batanes 2
Brgy Marbob Amulung Cagayan 2
Brgy La Sallette Benito Soliven Isabela 2
Brgy Capirpiriwan Cordon Isabela 2
Brgy Aguinaldo Naguinlian Isabela 2
Brgy Santos San Agustin Isabela 2
Brgy Centro I San Guillermo Isabela 2
Brgy San antonio (Bliss) Santa Maria Isabela 2
Sitio Ulingan, Brgy Banawang Bagac Bataan 3
Sitio Karing, Brgy Pagalangang Dinalupihan Bataan 3
Brgy Mabayo Morong Bataan 3
Brgy Timoc Morong Bataan 3
Brgy Pag-asa Orani Bataan 3
Public Cemetary, Brgy Bambang Bulacan Bulacan 3
Brgy Abulalas Hagonoy Bulacan 3
Brgy Longos Pulilan Bulacan 3
Brgy Alagao San Ildefonso Bulacan 3
Brgy Santiago Aliaga Nueva Ecija 3
Mun Agri Center, Brgy Tagumpay Gabaldon Nueva Ecija 3
Brgy San Pedro General Tinio Nueva Ecija 3
Brgy Culong Guimba Nueva Ecija 3
Brgy Villa Aquino Licab Nueva Ecija 3
Brgy San Felipe Llanera Nueva Ecija 3
5
PPTA 8115 PHI:
Brgy Namulandayan Lupao Nueva Ecija 3

Brgy Atate Palayan City Nueva Ecija 3
Brgy San Juan Pantabangan Nueva Ecija 3
Brgy II Quezon Nueva Ecija 3
Brgy San Gregorio Rizal Nueva Ecija 3
Brgy Luyos San Antonio Nueva Ecija 3
Brgy Tagumpay San Leonardo Nueva Ecija 3
Brgy Baloc Santo Domingo Nueva Ecija 3
Sto Rosario Young Zaragoza Nueva Ecija 3
Brgy Margot Angeles City Pampanga 3
Brgy Tabuan Arayat Pampanga 3
Palakot, Brgy San Jose Floridablanca Pampanga 3
Pasig Putrero Dike, Brgy San Rafael I Guagua Pampanga 3
Brgy Sta Catalina Lubao Pampanga 3
Brgy Duquit Mabalacat Pampanga 3
Brgy Tabun (near Sapang Belen) Mabalacat Pampanga 3
Brgy Bitas, San Vicente Macabebe Pampanga 3
Brgy Manuali Porac Pampanga 3
Brgy Sto Tomas (Bridge) San Luis Pampanga 3
Brgy Dila-dila Santa Rita Pampanga 3
Santa Monica Sasmuan (Sexmoan) Pampanga 3
Brgy Tangcarang Mayantoc Tarlac 3
Brgy Naya Pura Tarlac 3
Brgy Baquilan Botolan Zambales 3
Brgy New San Juan Cabangan Zambales 3
Brgy Pinagrealan Candelaria Zambales 3
Sitio Calaokan, Brgy Bangantalinga Iba (Capital) Zambales 3
Sitio Babon, Brgy Sta. Rita Masinloc Zambales 3
Brgy Dampay Salasa Palauig Zambales 3
Brgy San Jacinto Agoncillo Batangas 4a
Brgy Munting Coral Calaca Batangas 4a
Brgy Poblacion 1 Laurel Batangas 4a
Brgy Palanas Lemery Batangas 4a
Brgy Sta Ana(Poblacion) Mabini Batangas 4a
Brgy Dayap Nasugbu Batangas 4a
Brgy Escribano San Juan Batangas 4a
Brgy Balimbing (Banaba) San Pascual Batangas 4a
Brgy Salawag (ARCI Enterprises) Dasmarinas Cavite 4a
Brgy Lumpia General Emilio Cavite 4a
Brgy Tapia General Trias Cavite 4a
Brgy Batong Dalig Kawit Cavite 4a
Brgy Maitim Segunda Tagaytay City Cavite 4a
Brgy Anglas Cavinti Laguna 4a
Brgy Salang Bato Famy Laguna 4a
Brgy San Diego Luisiana Laguna 4a
Brgy Lewin Lumban Laguna 4a
Brgy San Miguel Mabitac Laguna 4a
Brgy Ilog Magdalena Laguna 4a
Brgy Sta Catalina Atimonan Quezon 4a
Brgy Dinamasagon Buenavista Quezon 4a
Sitio Butanan, Brgy San Rafael(Poblacion) Burdeos Quezon 4a
Brgy Sto Domingo Calauag Quezon 4a
Brgy Dahican Catanauan Quezon 4a
Brgy Danlagan Batis Guinayangan Quezon 4a
Brgy Kanlurang Mayao Lucena City Quezon 4a
Sitio Malibago, Brgy Cambuga Mulanay Quezon 4a
Brgy Sangirin Perez Quezon 4a
6
PPTA 8115 PHI:
Brgy Tanauan Real Quezon 4a

Brgy Pansoy San Andres Quezon 4a
Brgy San Vicente Tagkawayan Quezon 4a
Brgy Muzon (San Juan) Taytay Rizal 4a
Brgy Bagong Sikat Bulalacao (San Oriental Mindoro 4b
Brgy Linao Calatrava Romblon 4b
Brgy _ Corcuera Romblon 4b
Brgy _ San Fernando Romblon 4b
Brgy Binitayan Malilipot Albay 5
Brgy Bagsa Oas Albay 5
Sitio Barobo, Brgy Sugcad Polangui Albay 5
Brgy Pinagbobong Tabaco City Albay 5
Brgy Kapipihan Tiwi Albay 5
Brgy Taisan Basud Camarines Norte 5
Brgy Camagong Cabusao Camarines Sur 5
Brgy Minalaba Caramoan Camarines Sur 5
Brgy Balinad Garchitorena Camarines Sur 5
Brgy San Isidro West Goa Camarines Sur 5
Brgy San Rafael Lagonoy Camarines Sur 5
Brgy Sta Rosa Magarao Camarines Sur 5
Brgy Poblacion Pamplona Camarines Sur 5
Brgy Caranan Pasacao Camarines Sur 5
Brgy Bagong Silang Pili Camarines Sur 5
Brgy Minadongjol Sagnay Camarines Sur 5
Brgy Progreso San Fernando Camarines Sur 5
Brgy Nalayahan Siruma Camarines Sur 5
Brgy Camagong Tinambac Camarines Sur 5
Brgy Quezon Bagamanoc Catanduanes 5
Brgy Baybay Caramoran Catanduanes 5
Brgy Palawig San Andres Catanduanes 5
Brgy San Vicente Viga Catanduanes 5
Brgy Poblacion Baleno Masbate 5
Brgy _ Balud Masbate 5
Brgy Curvada Cataingan Masbate 5
Sitio Caway Caway Claveria Masbate 5
Brgy Calabad Dimasalang Masbate 5
Brgy Iligan Esperanza Masbate 5
Brgy Dayao Mandaon Masbate 5
Brgy Tawad Milagros Masbate 5
Brgy Poblacion Monreal Masbate 5
Brgy Poblacion (Dimasalang) Palanas Masbate 5
Brgy Bugang Pio V. Corpuz Masbate 5
Brgy Locso-an Placer Masbate 5
Brgy Bulod San Pascual Masbate 5
Brgy San Bernardo Bulusan Sorsogon 5
Brgy Pangi Matnog Sorsogon 5
Brgy Gogon Prieto Diaz Sorsogon 5
Brgy Lablab Batan Aklan 6
Brgy Tul-an Ibajay Aklan 6
So. Gubang, Brgy Guadalupe Libacao Aklan 6
Brgy Kabatanga Makato Aklan 6
Brgy Banay-banay Malinao Aklan 6
Brgy Igdalaguit Sibalom Antique 6
Brgy Ambulong Jamindan Capiz 6
Brgy Indayagan Ma-ayon Capiz 6
Brgy Balatucan Panitan Capiz 6
Brgy Binantucan Pontivedra Capiz 6
7
PPTA 8115 PHI:
Sitio Baklayan, Brgy Habog-habog Roxas City (Capital) Capiz 6

Brgy Poblacion San Lorenzo Guimaras 6
Brgy Dasal Sibunag Guimaras 6
Brgy Maya Balasan Iloilo 6
Brgy Lo-ong Concepcion Iloilo 6
Brgy San Roque Estancia Iloilo 6
Brgy Sibacungan Lambunao Iloilo 6
Brgy Bundolan San Dionisio Iloilo 6
Brgy Poblacion San Rafael Iloilo 6
Brgy Aldeguer Sara Iloilo 6
Brgy Isawan Tubungan Iloilo 6
Brgy Isawan Tubungan Iloilo 6
So. Telim, Brgy Suba Calatrava Negros Occidental 6
Brgy Gahit Enrique B. Negros Occidental 6
Brgy Herminos Hinigaran Negros Occidental 6
Brgy Kansibongan Alicia Bohol 7
Brgy Talisay Anda Bohol 7
Brgy Montana Baclayon Bohol 7
Brgy Boctol Balilihan Bohol 7
Brgy Del Carmen Este Balilihan Bohol 7
Brgy Cambacay Batuan Bohol 7
Brgy Nueva Estrella Bienunido Bohol 7
Brgy Poblacion Bienunido Bohol 7
Brgy Bugho Candijay Bohol 7
Brgy La Mesa Catigbian Bohol 7
Brgy Poblacion Catigbian Bohol 7
Brgy Bonbon Clarin Bohol 7
Brgy Buacao Clarin Bohol 7
Brgy Anislag Corella Bohol 7
Brgy Poblacion Dagohoy Bohol 7
Brgy Pobalcion Danao Bohol 7
Brgy San Miguel Danao Bohol 7
Brgy Upper Poblacion Diniao Bohol 7
Brgy Poblacion Duero Bohol 7
San Antonio Duero Bohol 7
Brgy Katungawan Sur Guindulman Bohol 7
Brgy Badiang Inabanga Bohol 7
Brgy Lanoy Cainsican Inabanga Bohol 7
Brgy Larapan Jagna Bohol 7
Brgy Nagsulay Lila Leonides Bohol 7
Brgy Tayong Occidental Loay Bohol 7
Brgy Alegria Loboc Bohol 7
Brgy Cogon Sur Loon Bohol 7
Brgy Ticugan Loon Bohol 7
Brgy Cambarac Mabini Bohol 7
Brgy Cawayanan Mabini Bohol 7
Brgy San Roque Mabini Bohol 7
Brgy Poblacion President Carlos P. Bohol 7
Brgy San Jose President Carlos P. Bohol 7
Brgy San Isidro Sagbayan (Borja) Bohol 7
Brgy Sung-on Sagbayan (Borja) Bohol 7
Brgy Cambansag San Isidro Bohol 7
Brgy Tuwang San Isidro Bohol 7
Brgy Pangpang San Miguel Bohol 7
Brgy Salvador Sierra Bullones Bohol 7
Brgy Cambuac Sur Sikatuna Bohol 7
Brgy San Vicente Trinidad Bohol 7
8
PPTA 8115 PHI:
Brgy Cutcutan Valencia Bohol 7

Brgy Palanao Alcantara Cebu 7
Brgy Kawasan Aloguinsan Cebu 7
Sua Argao Cebu 7
Brgy San Isidro Asturias Cebu 7
Brgy Sto Nino Balamban Cebu 7
Brgy Kangdampas Barili Cebu 7
Brgy La Paz Bogo Cebu 7
Brgy Arbor Boljoon Cebu 7
Brgy Poblacion Borbon Cebu 7
Panas, Brgy Poblacion I Carcar City Cebu 7
Sitio Tuhob, Brgy Triumfo(Luyang) Carmen Cebu 7
Brgy Poblacion Cordova Cebu 7
Brgy Cotcoton Dumanjug Cebu 7
Brgy San Roque Ginatilan Cebu 7
Brgy San Agustin Madridejos Cebu 7
Brgy Sorsogon Malabuyoc Cebu 7
Brgy Umapad Mandaue City Cebu 7
Brgy Tulay Minglanilla Cebu 7
Brgy Bugho Moalboal Cebu 7
Brgy Canang (site 1) Oslob Cebu 7
Brgy Poblacion Pilar Cebu 7
Brgy Adela Poro Cebu 7
Brgy Cansayahon Ronda Cebu 7
Brgy Upper Butong Ronda Cebu 7
Brgy Poblacion Samboan Cebu 7
Brgy Kapangian San Fernando Cebu 7
Brgy Cayam and Lawis San Remegio Cebu 7
Brgy Mano San Remegio Cebu 7
Brgy Balidbid Santa Fe Cebu 7
Brgy Looc Santander Cebu 7
Brgy Sabang Sibonga Cebu 7
Brgy Lubo Tabuelan Cebu 7
Brgy Tagaytay, Olivo Tabuelan Cebu 7
Brgy Cantabaco Toledo City Cebu 7
Brgy Kalmanse Tudela Cebu 7
Brgy Jugno Amlan Negros Oriental 7
Brgy Atabay Ayungon Negros Oriental 7
Brgy Awaan Ayungon Negros Oriental 7
Brgy Sulodpan Bacong Negros Oriental 7
Brgy Banga Basay Negros Oriental 7
Brgy Cabalayongan Basay Negros Oriental 7
Brgy Dayoyo Basay Negros Oriental 7
Brgy Pangalawan Bindoy (Payabon) Negros Oriental 7
Brgy Magay Dauin Negros Oriental 7
Brgy Candaway Dumaguete City Negros Oriental 7
Balaysungayan, Poblacion Guihulngan Negros Oriental 7
Brgy Malusay Guihulngan Negros Oriental 7
Brgy Balaas Jimalalud Negros Oriental 7
Brgy Talayong La Libertad Negros Oriental 7
Sambag, south Poblacion La Libertad Negros Oriental 7
Brgy Batang Paniabonan Mabinay Negros Oriental 7
Brgy Lumbangan Mabinay Negros Oriental 7
Brgy Butong Manjuyod Negros Oriental 7
Brgy Tupas Manjuyod Negros Oriental 7
Brgy Balayong Pamplona Negros Oriental 7
Mubog, Datagon Pamplona Negros Oriental 7
9
PPTA 8115 PHI:
Brgy Poblacion Santa Catalina Negros Oriental 7

Brgy Magalas Siaton Negros Oriental 7
Brgy Napacao Siaton Negros Oriental 7
Brgy Matauta Tayasan Negros Oriental 7
Brgy Poblacion Zamboanquita Negros Oriental 7
Brgy Cang-asagan San Juan Siquijor 7
Sitio Canumay, Brgy Baso Cabucgayan Biliran 8
Brgy Manlabang Caibiran Biliran 8
Brgy _ Culaba Biliran 8
Brgy 06, Poblacion Balangiga Eastern Samar 8
Brgy Camada North Borongan City Eastern Samar 8
Sitio Libon, Brgy 4 Can-Avid Eastern Samar 8
Brgy 12 Dolores Eastern Samar 8
Brgy Aguinaldo General Mc Arthur Eastern Samar 8
Brgy Sto Nio & Mayana Guiuan Eastern Samar 8
Sitio Pinasuan, Brgy San Miguel Hernani Eastern Samar 8
Brgy Taguite Lawaan Eastern Samar 8
Brgy Campakirit Maydolong Eastern Samar 8
Brgy Naparaan Salcedo Eastern Samar 8
Sitio Balud, Brgy 5 San Policarpio Eastern Samar 8
Brgy Polangi Taft Eastern Samar 8
Brgy Katipunan Abuyog Leyte 8
Brgy Punong Bato Leyte 8
Brgy Imelda Baybay City Leyte 8
Brgy Hibunawan Burauen Leyte 8
Brgy Tagharigue Calubian Leyte 8
Brgy Anahaw Hindang Leyte 8
Brgy Sagkahan Jaro Leyte 8
Brgy _ La Paz Leyte 8
Brgy Tuyo Macarthur Leyte 8
Brgy San Guillermo Matag-ob Leyte 8
Brgy San Salvador Matalon Leyte 8
Poblacion Zone 1 Mayorga Leyte 8
Brgy Jones Pastrana Leyte 8
Brgy Poblacion San Isidro Leyte 8
Adel Hill, Brgy Pago Tanauan Leyte 8
Brgy Kapangiban Tolosa Leyte 8
4km from Brgy Poblacion Villaba Leyte 8
Brgy _ Allen Northern Samar 8
Brgy _ Biri Northern Samar 8
Brgy Daranas Bobon Northern Samar 8
Brgy _ Capul Northern Samar 8
Brgy _ Catubig Northern Samar 8
Brgy _ Gamay Northern Samar 8
Brgy _ Mapanas Northern Samar 8
Brgy San Juan Mondragon Northern Samar 8
Brgy Layuhan San Jose Northern Samar 8
Brgy _ San Vicente Northern Samar 8
Brgy New Mahayag Catbalogan City Samar 8
Poblacion 3 Daram Samar 8
Brgy Hinugacan & Pagsulhugan Gandara Samar 8
Brgy _ Hinabangan Samar 8
Brgy Katongtong Jiabong Samar 8
Brgy Amambucale Marabut Samar 8
Brgy _ Pinabacdao Samar 8
Brgy _ San Jorge Samar 8
Brgy _ Santa Rita Samar 8
Brgy _ Tarangnan Samar 8
10
PPTA 8115 PHI:
Sitio Kagabukan, Brgy Sta Cruz Pintuyan Southern Leyte 8

Brgy Cabulisan San Francisco Southern Leyte 8
Brgy San Miguel Sogod Southern Leyte 8
Brgy Baliguian Baliguian Zamboanga del Norte 9
Brgy San Roque (San Isidro) Liloy Zamboanga del Norte 9
Brgy Langatian President Manuel A. Zamboanga del Norte 9
Brgy Mitimor Rizal Zamboanga del Norte 9
Brgy Venus Sergio Osmena, Jr. Zamboanga del Norte 9
Brgy Sibuloc Sibuco Zamboanga del Norte 9
Brgy Latabon Siocon Zamboanga del Norte 9
Brgy Panabutan Siraway Zamboanga del Norte 9
Brgy Lubid, Aurora Aurora Zamboanga del Sur 9
Brgy Bayog Bayog Zamboanga del Sur 9
Brgy Dimataling Dimataling Zamboanga del Sur 9
Brgy Leonardo Josefina Zamboanga del Sur 9
Brgy Sicade Kumalarang Zamboanga del Sur 9
Brgy Sinudyapan Lakewood Zamboanga del Sur 9
Brgy Mabuhay Molave Zamboanga del Sur 9
Brgy Pitogo Pitogo Zamboanga del Sur 9
Brgy Sagasan San Miguel Zamboanga del Sur 9
Brgy Barubuhan Sominot (Don Zamboanga del Sur 9
Brgy New Oroquita Tabina Zamboanga del Sur 9
Brgy Upper Nilo Tigbao Zamboanga del Sur 9
Brgy Poblacion Diplahan Zamboanga Sibugay 9
Brgy Overland Malangas Zamboanga Sibugay 9
Brgy Aguinaldo (Bliss) Naga Zamboanga Sibugay 9
Brgy Ali Asri Roseller T. Lim Zamboanga Sibugay 9
Brgy Talusan Talusan Zamboanga Sibugay 9
Brgy Poblacion Titay Zamboanga Sibugay 9
Brgy Purok 8 Norte Don Carlos Bukidnon 10
Upper Kinabkaban, Brgy San Roque Mahinog Camiguin 10
Sitio Cocon, Brgy Poblacion Sagay Camiguin 10
Brgy Upper Sagadan Baroy Lanao del Norte 10
Brgy Bagumbayan Kauswagan Lanao del Norte 10
Brgy Pantar Kolambugan Lanao del Norte 10
Tolala Papandayan Marawi City Lanao del Norte 10
Brgy Matangcopan Pantao-Ragat Lanao del Norte 10
Brgy Poblacion Pantar Lanao del Norte 10
Brgy Pagayawan Salvador Lanao del Norte 10
Brgy Sugod Sultan Naga Lanao del Norte 10
Brgy Tuboran Tubod (Capital) Lanao del Norte 10
Brgy Miray Baliangao Misamis Occidental 10
Brgy Kinangay Norte Clarin Misamis Occidental 10
Brgy Alegria Lopez Jaena Misamis Occidental 10
Brgy San Roque Panaon Misamis Occidental 10
Brgy Bitibut Sapang Dalaga Misamis Occidental 10
Brgy Poblacion Sugbong-Cogon Misamis Oriental 10
Brgy New Cebu Makilala North Cotabato 12
Brgy Bawing / Tambler General Santos City South Cotabato 12
Sosompit, Brgy Doongan Butuan City (Capital) Agusan del Norte 13
Brgy Bayabas Cabadbaran Agusan del Norte 13
BrgySto Rosario Magallanes Agusan del Norte 13
Brgy Balang-balang Remedios T. Agusan del Norte 13
Brgy Katipunan Bayugan City Agusan del Sur 13
Brgy Labnig Talacogon Agusan del Sur 13
Sitio Cabongbongan, Brgy Poblacion Cagdianao Dinagat Islands 13
Brgy Wilson San Jose Dinagat Islands 13
11
PPTA 8115 PHI:
Brgy Gamutan Alegria Surigao del Norte 13

Brgy Suyoc Placer Surigao del Norte 13
Brgy Talisay San Benito Surigao del Norte 13
Brgy Tigasao San Isidro Surigao del Norte 13
Brgy Tangbu Santa Monica Surigao del Norte 13
Brgy San Isidro Sison Surigao del Norte 13
Brgy Tubo-tubo Cagwait Surigao del Sur 13
Brgy Calaba Bangued (Capital) Abra CAR
Brgy San Isidro Lagangilang Abra CAR
Brgy Manggoc Pidigan Abra CAR
Brgy Gaddani Tayum Abra CAR
Brgy Poblacion Mankayan Benguet CAR
Brgy Poblacion Alfonso Lista (Potia) Ifugao CAR
Viewpoint Banaue Ifugao CAR
Brgy Pindongan Kiangan Ifugao CAR
Brgy Montabiong Lagawe (Capital) Ifugao CAR
Brgy Mabatobato (Payawan) Lamut Ifugao CAR
Kapanikian Pinukpuk Kalinga CAR
Brgy Calaocan Rizal (Liwan) Kalinga CAR
Brgy Caluttit Bontoc (Capital) Mountain Province CAR
12
PPTA 8115 PHI:

List of CONTROLLED Disposal Facilities
Total: 331
Location LGU Province Region
153 CDF with ATC
Brgy Libtong Bacarra Ilocos Norte 1
Brgy Manayon Bangui Ilocos Norte 1
Brgy Barbaquero Carasi Ilocos Norte 1
Brgy Sta. Cruz Currimao Ilocos Norte 1
Brgy Suyo Dingras Ilocos Norte 1
Brgy 54-A Lagui-Sail Laoag City Ilocos Norte 1
Brgy 22 Nagbacalan Paoay Ilocos Norte 1
Brgy Puyupuyan Pasuquin Ilocos Norte 1
Brgy Abucay Piddig Ilocos Norte 1
Brgy Valbuena Pinili Ilocos Norte 1
Brgy 22, San Guillermo San Nicolas Ilocos Norte 1
Brgy Maanteng Solsona Ilocos Norte 1
Brgy Alilem Daya(poblacion) Alilem Ilocos Sur 1
Brgy Bagbagotot Banayoyo Ilocos Sur 1
Brgy Quezon Cabugao Ilocos Sur 1
Darapidap Candon City Ilocos Sur 1
Brgy Nansuagao Caoayan Ilocos Sur 1
Brgy Rosario Cervantes Ilocos Sur 1
Brgy Poblacion Norte Lidlidda Ilocos Sur 1
Brgy Manzante Magsingal Ilocos Sur 1
Brgy San Nicolas San Esteban Ilocos Sur 1
Brgy Poblacion East San Ildefonso Ilocos Sur 1
Brgy Gabor Norte Santa Cruz Ilocos Sur 1
Brgy Suagayan Santa Lucia Ilocos Sur 1
Brgy Baybayabas Santiago Ilocos Sur 1
Brgy Sto. Tomas Santo Domingo Ilocos Sur 1
Brgy Tapao Sinait Ilocos Sur 1
Brgy San Juan West Aringay La Union 1
Brgy Bitalag Bacnotan La Union 1
Brgy San Jose Caba La Union 1
Brgy Sucoc Luna La Union 1
Brgy Cabaritan Naguilian La Union 1
Brgy Palina Pugo La Union 1
Brgy Lupay Sur San Gabriel La Union 1
Brgy Naguituban San Juan La Union 1
Brgy Cor-rooy Santol La Union 1
Brgy Seng-ngat Sudipen La Union 1
Brgy Caoigue Tubao La Union 1
Brgy Magsaysay Agno Pangasinan 1
Brgy Dulacac Alaminos City Pangasinan 1
Brgy Banlog Asingan Pangasinan 1
Brgy Quinaoayanan Bani Pangasinan 1
Brgy Baybay-Lopez Binmaley Pangasinan 1
Brgy Bamban Infanta Pangasinan 1
Brgy Bacundao Malasiqui Pangasinan 1
Brgy Banaoang Mangaldan Pangasinan 1
Brgy Sapang Mangatarem Pangasinan 1
13
PPTA 8115 PHI:
Brgy San Eugenio Natividad Pangasinan 1

Brgy Bobonan Pozzorubio Pangasinan 1
Brgy Sta Rosa Santa Maria Pangasinan 1
Brgy Asan Sur Sison Pangasinan 1
Brgy Pangascasan Sual Pangasinan 1
Sitio Chadpidan, Brgy San Antonio Basco (Capital) Batanes 2
Sitio Laveng, Brgy Uvoy Mahatao Batanes 2
Brgy Kayvaluganan Uyugan Batanes 2
Brgy Dodan Aparri Cagayan 2
Brgy San Francisco Baggao Cagayan 2
Brgy Fusina Camalaniugan Cagayan 2
Brgy Dungeg Santa Teresita Cagayan 2
Brgy Cato Tuao Cagayan 2
Brgy Mabangug Cabagan Isabela 2
Brgy San Pablo Cauayan City Isabela 2
Brgy Pangal Sur Echague Isabela 2
Brgy Fugu Jones Isabela 2
Sitio Villa Corazon, Brgy Manano Mallig Isabela 2
Brgy San Placido Roxas Isabela 2
Brgy Old Centro Proper San Mateo Isabela 2
Brgy San Jose Santiago City Isabela 2
Brgy Aliaga Bambang Nueva Vizcaya 2
Brgy Sta Maria Dupax del Sur Nueva Vizcaya 2
Tino-on, Brgy Tindang Village Kayapa Nueva Vizcaya 2
Brgy Tactac Santa Fe Nueva Vizcaya 2
Brgy Isidro Paredes (Salvacion) Diffun Quirino 2
Brgy Sapang Bayan Calumpit Bulacan 3
Brgy Makabaklay Gapan City Nueva Ecija 3
Brgy Bagong Silang Talavera Nueva Ecija 3
Brgy Sto Rosario Magalang Pampanga 3
Megadike, Brgy Lara San Fernando City Pampanga 3
Brgy Matubog Camiling Tarlac 3
Brgy Poblacion South Ramos Tarlac 3
Brgy Timmaguab Santa Ignacia Tarlac 3
Brgy New Cabalan Olongapo City Zambales 3
Brgy Pinagkurusan Alitagtag Batangas 4a
Brgy Quilo-quilo, North Padre Garcia Batangas 4a
Brgy Maalas-as Rosario Batangas 4a
Sitio Jordan, Brgy San Vicente Santo Tomas Batangas 4a
Brgy Tapia General Mariano Cavite 4a
Brgy Concepcion Lopez Quezon 4a
Sitio Lomboy, Brgy Inabuan San Francisco Quezon 4a
Sitio Nataasan, Brgy Inabuan San Francisco Quezon 4a
Brgy Sampaloc II Sariaya Quezon 4a
Brgy San Agustin Tiaong Quezon 4a
Brgy San Isidro Iriga City Camarines Sur 5
Brgy Casoocan Virac Catanduanes 5
Brgy Bato Bacon Sorsogon 5
Brgy Calomagon Bulan Sorsogon 5
Brgy Burabod Castilla Sorsogon 5
Brgy Buenavista Sorsogon City Sorsogon 5
Brgy Poblacion Anini-Y Antique 6
Brgy San Juan Culasi Antique 6
Sitio Baklayan, Brgy Carmensita President Roxas Capiz 6
Brgy Agtatacay Dingle Iloilo 6
Brgy Binabao & Brgy Cali Dumangas Iloilo 6
Brgy Gogo Estancia Iloilo 6
14
PPTA 8115 PHI:
Sitio Odiongan, Brgy Wari-wari New Lucena Iloilo 6

Brgy Calajunan Oton Iloilo 6
Brgy Intalwan Pototan Iloilo 6
So. Onas, Brgy Sta Cruz San Miguel Iloilo 6
Sitio Carmen, Brgy Carabolan Himamaylan City Negros Occidental 6
Brgy 1 Hinoba-an (Asia) Negros Occidental 6
Brgy Balabag La Carlota City Negros Occidental 6
Brgy Madua Norte Duero Bohol 7
Sitio Soong, Brgy Mactan Lapu-Lapu City Cebu 7
Brgy Sta. Cruz Liloan Cebu 7
Sitio Candanqui, Brgy Azarga Tanjay City Negros Oriental 7
Brgy Jubas Libagon Southern Leyte 8
Brgy Bogabongan Bacungan (Leon B. Zamboanga del Norte 9
Brgy Poblacion Kalawit Zamboanga del Norte 9
Brgy Poblacion Mutia Zamboanga del Norte 9
Brgy Dionum Pinan (New Pinan) Zamboanga del Norte 9
Brgy San Antonio Polanco Zamboanga del Norte 9
Brgy Poblacion Siayan Zamboanga del Norte 9
Brgy Baga Dumalinao Zamboanga del Sur 9
Brgy Lipawan Dumingag Zamboanga del Sur 9
Sitio Centro, Brgy Sininan Kabasalan Zamboanga Sibugay 9
Brgy Manilao Mabuhay Zamboanga Sibugay 9
Brgy Poblacion Olutanga Zamboanga Sibugay 9
Brgy Mirangan Siay Zamboanga Sibugay 9
Brgy Sagbayan Dangcagan Bukidnon 10
Brgy Mate Bacolod Lanao del Norte 10
Brgy Santiago Iligan City Lanao del Norte 10
Brgy Maliwanag Maigo Lanao del Norte 10
Brgy Poblacion Sapang Dalaga Misamis Occidental 10
Brgy Carmen Cagayan De Oro Misamis Oriental 10
Brgy Maparat Compostela Compostela Valley 11
Purok Bajada, Sitio Ayan, Brgy Kingking Pantukan Compostela Valley 11
Purok 6, Brgy Malitbog Panabo City Davao del Norte 11
Purok Ipil-ipil, Sitio Casilak, Brgy San Agustin Tagum City (Capital) Davao del Norte 11
Purok 2, Brgy New Carmen Davao City Davao del Sur 11
Purok Maligaya, Brgy Lungag Digos City (Capital) Davao del Sur 11
Sitio Kili, Brgy Kinanaga Don Marcelino Davao del Sur 11
Purok Mahayahay, Brgy Poblacion Matanao Davao del Sur 11
Brgy Kidadan, 7km from Poblacion Santa Maria Davao del Sur 11
Sitio Tagbobolo, Brgy Sainz Mati (Capital) Davao Oriental 11
Brgy New Pontivedra Antipas North Cotabato 12
Brgy Binoligan Kidapawan City North Cotabato 12
Brgy Poblacion Tulunan North Cotabato 12
Brgy Sta. Cruz Koronadal City South Cotabato 12
Sitio Kalisan, Brgy San Vicente Loreto Agusan del Sur 13
Brgy Poblacion Rosario Agusan del Sur 13
Sitio Damilag, Brgy Pisaan San Francisco Agusan del Sur 13
Sitio Baclise, Brgy Angas Santa Josefa Agusan del Sur 13
Brgy Poblacion Bacuag Surigao del Norte 13
178 Controlled Dumpsite

Brgy Subec Pagudpud Ilocos Norte 1
Sitio Nalasin, Brgy Cabaroan Daya Vigan City (Capital) Ilocos Sur 1
Brgy New Poblacion Burgos La Union 1
Brgy Poblacion Anda Pangasinan 1
Brgy Pugaro Balungao Pangasinan 1
Brgy Dumpay Basista Pangasinan 1
Brgy Vacante Bautista Pangasinan 1
15
PPTA 8115 PHI:
Brgy Camangaan Binalonan Pangasinan 1

Brgy San Miguel Burgos Pangasinan 1
Brgy Poblacion Labrador Pangasinan 1
Brgy Botigue Laoac Pangasinan 1
Brgy Caabiangan Mabini Pangasinan 1
Brgy Pugaro Manaoag Pangasinan 1
Brgy Primicias (NEW) Mapandan Pangasinan 1
Brgy Salvacion Rosales Pangasinan 1
Brgy Paitan San Carlos City Pangasinan 1
Brgy San Bonifacio San Manuel Pangasinan 1
Brgy Casaratan San Nicolas Pangasinan 1
Brgy Banzal(Patayak) Santa Barbara Pangasinan 1
Sitio Lepanto, Brgy Capulaan Villasis Pangasinan 1
Sitio Maho, Brgy Savidug Sabtang Batanes 2
Brgy Minanga Norte Lasam Cagayan 2
Brgy District 3 Gamu Isabela 2
Brgy Dimalicu-Lico Palanan Isabela 2
Brgy Santos Quezon Isabela 2
Brgy Mambog Hermosa Bataan 3
Brgy Caloocan Balayan Batangas 4a
Brgy 4, Poblacion Calatagan Batangas 4a
Brgy Balanga Ibaan Batangas 4a
Brgy Balabat Lobo Batangas 4a
Brgy San Pioguinto Malvar Batangas 4a
Brgy Tejero San Luis Batangas 4a
Brgy Pook(Gahul) Taal Batangas 4a
Brgy Tranca Talisay Batangas 4a
Brgy Marahan I Alfonso Cavite 4a
Brgy Banaba Lejos Indang Cavite 4a
Brgy Layong Mabilog Maragondon Cavite 4a
Sitio Maysili, Brgy Asis II Mendez (Mendez- Cavite 4a
Brgy Sabang Naic Cavite 4a
Brgy Salcedo II Noveleta Cavite 4a
Brgy Lalaan Silang Cavite 4a
Brgy Sapang II Ternate Cavite 4a
Brgy Quinale Paete Laguna 4a
Brgy Parang ng Buho Santa Maria Laguna 4a
Brgy Salubungan Siniloan Laguna 4a
Brgy Camagong Alabat Quezon 4a
Brgy Pahinga Sur Candelaria Quezon 4a
Brgy Bayanihan Dolores Quezon 4a
Brgy Villa Padua Gumaca Quezon 4a
Brgy Kulyaat Lucban Quezon 4a
Brgy Pinagbayanan Macalelon Quezon 4a
Brgy Antipolo (Malicboy) Pagbilao Quezon 4a
Sitio Libis, Brgy Tanauan Plaridel Quezon 4a
Brgy Sibulan Polillo Quezon 4a
Brgy Rizal San Narciso Quezon 4a
Brgy Kalayaan Angono Rizal 4a
Brgy Sto Domingo Cainta Rizal 4a
Brgy Bonga Ligao City Albay 5
Brgy Parian Sigma Capiz 6
Brgy Badiangan Ajuy Iloilo 6
Brgy Ubudan Alimodian Iloilo 6
Brgy Inaladan Cabatuan Iloilo 6
Brgy Pandan Dueas Iloilo 6
Brgy Tugurao Miagao Iloilo 6
16
PPTA 8115 PHI:
Brgy Bantud & Nilubayan Tigbauan Iloilo 6

Brgy Inagdangan Centro Zarraga Iloilo 6
Brgy West Candoni Negros Occidental 6
Brgy Punta Mesa Manapla Negros Occidental 6
Brgy 2 Pontevedra Negros Occidental 6
Brgy Cabatang Alicia Bohol 7
Brgy Untaga Alicia Bohol 7
Brgy Bantuon Buenavista Bohol 7
Brgy Guadalupe Carmen Bohol 7
Brgy Tac-an, Guinacot Danao Bohol 7
Brgy Pulang Yuta Diniao Bohol 7
Sitio Danao, Brgy West Lungsodaan Garcia-Hernandez Bohol 7
Brgy Cantuyok Jagna Bohol 7
Brgy Taytay Jetafe Bohol 7
Brgy Bongon Loboc Bohol 7
Brgy Upper Bonbon Loboc Bohol 7
Brgy Dipatlong Maribojoc Bohol 7
Brgy Cagawasan San Miguel Bohol 7
Brgy Poblacion Trinidad Bohol 7
Brgy Macaas Tubigon Bohol 7
Brgy Tubog Ubay Bohol 7
Brgy Candabong Alcantara Cebu 7
Poblacion Alcoy Cebu 7
Sitio Latin, Brgy Atabay Alcoy Cebu 7
Brgy Poblacion Alegria Cebu 7
Brgy San Roque Alegria Cebu 7
Upper Bulasa Argao Cebu 7
Brgy Banhigan Badian Cebu 7
Brgy Lamesa Balamban Cebu 7
Brgy Mohon Bantayan Cebu 7
Brgy Duyan Catmon Cebu 7
Brgy Cambayog Compostela Cebu 7
Brgy Polog Consolacion Cebu 7
Sitio Cansusi, Brgy Tapon Dalaguete Cebu 7
Brgy Maslog Danao City Cebu 7
Brgy Tac-an(Brgy Capotatan) Danao City Cebu 7
Brgy Kawit Medellin Cebu 7
Brgy Pandacan Pinamungahan Cebu 7
Brgy Western Poblacion San Francisco Cebu 7
Brgy Kal-anan Tabogon Cebu 7
Brgy Daan Lungsod Tuburan Cebu 7
Buli, Buli, Brgy Banga Bayawan City Negros Oriental 7
Naupak, Brgy Senora Ascion San Jose Negros Oriental 7
Brgy Poblacion Enrique Villanueva Siquijor 7
Brgy Calunasan Larena Siquijor 7
Brgy Nagerong Lazi Siquijor 7
Brgy Pisong A. Maria Maria Siquijor 7
Brgy Solangon San Juan Siquijor 7
Brgy Lambojon Siquijor (Capital) Siquijor 7
Brgy Solangon, Municipality of San Juan Siquijor (Capital) Siquijor 7
Sitio Palanas, Brgy Garden Arteche Eastern Samar 8
Brgy San Roque Llorente Eastern Samar 8
Brgy Salvacion Albuera Leyte 8
Brgy Talinhugan Dagami Leyte 8
Sitio Napagasan, Brgy Poblacion Kananga Leyte 8
Sitio Caloogan, Brgy San Jose Palo Leyte 8
Brgy Laoang Northern Samar 8
17
PPTA 8115 PHI:
Brgy Cababto-an Pambujan Northern Samar 8

Brgy _ Pagsanghan Samar 8
Brgy Villarosa Villareal Samar 8
Sitio Leop, Brgy Barcelona Dapitan City Zamboanga del Norte 9
Brgy Kauswagan Gutalac Zamboanga del Norte 9
Brgy Jose Dalman Jose Dalman Zamboanga del Norte 9
Brgy Basagan Katipunan Zamboanga del Norte 9
Brgy Lawigan Labason Zamboanga del Norte 9
Brgy Lantawan Salug Zamboanga del Norte 9
Brgy Sibuloc Sibutad Zamboanga del Norte 9
Brgy Misok Sindangan Zamboanga del Norte 9
Brgy Pamington Tampilisan Zamboanga del Norte 9
Brgy Poblacion Dinas Zamboanga del Sur 9
Brgy Poblacion Lapuyan Zamboanga del Sur 9
Brgy Caniangan(Poblacion) Ramon Magsaysay Zamboanga del Sur 9
Brgy Poblacion Vincenzo A. Sagun Zamboanga del Sur 9
Brgy Poblacion Alicia Zamboanga Sibugay 9
Brgy Sanito Ipil Zamboanga Sibugay 9
Brgy Imbatug Baungon Bukidnon 10
Brgy Kalingking Malitbog Bukidnon 10
Brgy Lala Proper Lala Lanao del Norte 10
Brgy Menang Don Victoriano Misamis Occidental 10
Brgy Poblacion Sinacaban Misamis Occidental 10
Brgy Himaya El Salvador Misamis Oriental 10
Sitio Beberly, Brgy Natubo Jasaan Misamis Oriental 10
Brgy Suarez Kinoguitan Misamis Oriental 10
Brgy Banglay Lagonglong Misamis Oriental 10
Lirupan, Brgy Poblacion Libertad Misamis Oriental 10
Brgy Cabalantian Manticao Misamis Oriental 10
Brgy Patag Opol Misamis Oriental 10
Sta Ana / c/o CDO dumpsites Tagoloan Misamis Oriental 10
Sitio Balacanas, Brgy San Martin Villanueva Misamis Oriental 10
Brgy Sagayen Asuncion (Saug) Davao del Norte 11
Sitio Banate, Brgy Capungagan Kapalong Davao del Norte 11
Purok 6, Brgy San Jose New Corella Davao del Norte 11
Brgy San Jose Santo Tomas Davao del Norte 11
Sitio Tibi-tibi, Brgy Sto Nino Talaingod Davao del Norte 11
Brgy Buenavista Bansalan Davao del Sur 11
Brgy Meybio Jose Abad Santos Davao del Sur 11
Brgy Dalumay Magsaysay Davao del Sur 11
Brgy Bolila Malita Davao del Sur 11
Brgy Don Sergio Osmea Sr Padada Davao del Sur 11
Sitio Caatupan, Brgy Central Manay Davao Oriental 11
Sitio Magamay, Brgy Central Taragona Davao Oriental 11
Brgy Kitacubong (2nd site) Alamada North Cotabato 12
Brgy Biniruan Cotabato City North Cotabato 12
Sitio Buntalid, Brgy Poblacion Kitcharao Agusan del Norte 13
Brgy Sta Cruz Tubajon Dinagat Islands 13
Brgy San Pedro Cantilan Surigao del Sur 13
Sitio Kinitaan, Brgy San Isidro Marihatag Surigao del Sur 13
Brgy Gata San Agustin Surigao del Sur 13
Brgy Poblacion Calanasan (Bayag) Apayao CAR
Brgy Aninitan Flora Apayao CAR
Brgy Poblacion Kabugao (Capital) Apayao CAR
Brgy Turod Luna Apayao CAR
Brgy Swan Pudtol Apayao CAR
Brgy Panay Santa Marcela Apayao CAR
18
PPTA 8115 PHI:
Annex 5. List of Existing Sanitary Landfills
List of Existing Sanitary Landfills

ANNEX 5
PPTA 8115 PHI:


List of SLF Sites
Total: 116
Location LGU Province Region Category Area
Capaciy
55 Sanitary Landfill
Brgy San Agustin Norte Agoo La Union 1
Brgy Mameltac San Fernando City (Capital) La Union 1 2 7.00 44 tpd
Brgy Catablan Urdaneta City Pangasinan 1 8.0

Sitio Sta Maria, Brgy Pateng Gonzaga Cagayan 2 1 2206
Brgy Cagoran Lal-lo Cagayan 2 1 5.7 12 tpd
Boundary of Brgy Upper Bayombong (Capital) Nueva Vizcaya 2 1 8.03 2189.52
Magsaysay and Upper Busilac
Brgy San Joanquin Maria Aurora Aurora 3
Wacuman Inc., Sitio Tiakad, Norzagaray Bulacan 3 4 18.0 has 2000 tpd
Brgy San Mateo
Vicente G. Puyat, Brgy Minuyan San Jose del Monte City Bulacan 3 4 4.5 2000 tpd
Brgy Mapalad Santa Rosa Nueva Ecija 3 1.8 has <15 tpd
Sub-zone Kalangitan, Clark Capas Tarlac 3 4 100 has 3000 tpd
Special Economic Zone
Waste Garde - Brgy San Jose Batangas City Batangas 4a 2 2.7 34 tpd
Sico
Bauan SWM, Inc., Brgy Bauan Batangas 4a
Malindig
Brgy 8, Poblacion Cuenca Batangas 4a
Brgy Pia Taysan Batangas 4a 2
Brgy De Ocampo Trece Martines City Cavite 4a 2 4.0 150tpd
Brgy Bubuyan (Suri Waste Calamba City Laguna 4a 2 57,460 sq 70 tpd
Management)
Brgy Lungos(San Antonio) Kalayaan Laguna 4a CAT 2
Brgy Sto Nino San Pablo City Laguna 4a 3 2.0 80 tpd
Brgy San Antonio (Pilotage SLF San Pedro Laguna 4a 3 3.0 200 tpd
- Site 1)
Sitio Pinagtaywanan, Brgy General Nakar Quezon 4a 1 1.0
Anoling
Brgy Magsaysay Infanta Quezon 4a
Brgy Lual Barrio Mauban Quezon 4a
BEST(IPM), Brgy San Morong Rizal 4a 4 1.0 200tpd
Guillermo
Sitio Lukutan, Brgy San Isidro Rodriguez (Montalban) Rizal 4a 4 14.0 1500 tpd
(Rizal Provincial)
ISWIMS - Brgy Pintong Bukawe San Mateo Rizal 4a 3 19.0 2000 tpd
(New Site)
Sitio Dalig, Brgy Batalino Calapan City Oriental Mindoro 4b 2
Brgy Rio Tuba Bataraza Palawan 4b
Brgy Villa Libertad El Nido (Baciut) Palawan 4b 1 4.0
Brgy Sta Lourdes Puerto Princesa City Palawan 4b 4 2.7 100 tpd
Sitio Metropal, Brgy Malatgao Quezon Palawan 4b 1 9.0
Brgy Banquerohan Legaspi City Albay 5
PPTA 8115 PHI:

Brgy Kabulihan Malay Aklan 6 5.0

Brgy Ma-ao Bago City Negros Occidental 6 2
Brgy Paraiso Sagay City Negros Occidental 6 2 7.6
So. Mabuni, Brgy Guadalupe San Carlos City Negros Occidental 6 1 8.5 15 tpd
Brgy Canabalan Sipalay City Negros Occidental 6
Sitio Libaong, Brgy San Isidro Asturias Cebu 7
Brgy Inayawan Cebu City Cebu 7 4 15.4 est 100tpd
Brgy Tapon Dalaguete Cebu 7 1 1.5 est 5 tpd
Sitio Tapu, Brgy Maghaway Talisay City Cebu 7 2 est 50 tpd
Brgy Cambanjao Bais City Negros Oriental 7 1 2.0 30 tpd
Brgy Maninihon Bayawan City (Tulong) Negros Oriental 7
Brgy Green Valley Ormoc City Leyte 8 Cat 2 4.0 80 tpd
Brgy Dinagan (Gadgarin) Calbayog City Samar 8 2 4.7 75 tpd
Brgy Pocopoco Damulog Bukidnon 10 Cat 1
Brgy New Carmen, Tugbok Dist. Davao City Davao del Sur 11 Cat 4 9.75
Brgy Kinilis Polomolok South Cotabato 12 2 50.0

Brgy Colongolo Surallah South Cotabato 12 2
Brgy Upper Katungal Tacurong City Sultan Kudarat 12 2 10 tpd
Brgy Cagniog Surigao City Surigao del Norte 13 3 13.00 est 100 tpd
Brgy Alno La Trinidad (Capital) Benguet CAR 2 7.0 has 50 tpd
Brgy Tanza (New site) - PhilEco Navotas City Metro Manila NCR 4 45.0 has 1779 tpd
IMP, Urban II, Brgy Payatas Quezon City Metro Manila NCR 4 30.0 has 1205 tpd
Brgy Katutungan Wao Lanao del Sur ARMM 1 1.0 est 5 tpd
61 SLF w/ ECC Undergoing Construction

Brgy Bangsar Banna (Espiritu) Ilocos Norte 1 4.0
Brgy Poblacion Nueva Era Ilocos Norte 1
Brgy Puyupuyan Pasuquin Ilocos Norte 1
Brgy Parparoroc (14 Ester) Vintar Ilocos Norte 1 1.0
Brgy Cabulanglangan Tagudin Ilocos Sur 1 1.0
Brgy Calumbayan Balaoan La Union 1 1.0
Brgy Cadapli Bangar La Union 1 5,000
Brgy Cabaritan Naguilian La Union 1
Brgy Inabaan Norte Rosario La Union 1 1,000
Brgy Seng-ngat Sudipen La Union 1 4.0
Brgy Dusoc Bayambang Pangasinan 1 1 33.0 est 100 tpd
Brgy Balingasay Bolinao Pangasinan 1 1 4.0 4 tpd
Brgy Bamban Infanta Pangasinan 1 10.0
Brgy Pangancasan(Mirant) Sual Pangasinan 1 1 266 kg/day
Brgy Mabuttal West Ballesteros Cagayan 2 1 3.0 2.25 tpd
Brgy Centro Norte Gattaran Cagayan 2
CEZA, Brgy Diora-Zinongan Santa Ana Cagayan 2 2 15.5 24.19 tpd
Brgy Kirang Aritao Nueva Vizcaya 2 1 4.5 2.3 tpd
Sitio Tapaya, Brgy Baretbet Bagabag Nueva Vizcaya 2 1 7.2 3.5 tpd
Sitio Pinya, Nalubbunan Quezon Nueva Vizcaya 2 10.0
Brgy Concepion (Calabangan) Solano Nueva Vizcaya 2 1 1.6 4777.50
San Martin, Brgy Ballagui Maddela Quirino 2
PPTA 8115 PHI:

Brgy Cardenas Saguday Quirino 2 1 1.0 60.67

Brgy Capitangan Abucay Bataan 3 1 9.9 has <15 tpd
Sitio Mamala, Brgy St Francis I Limay Bataan 3
Brgy Tagumbao Gerona Tarlac 3 1.0

Sitio Ulpoy, Brgy Amunga Iba (Capital) Zambales 3
Sitio Batang, Brgy Bamban Masinloc Zambales 3
Brgy Sapang I Ternate Cavite 4a 4 22.0 800 tpd
So. Bagong-bago, Brgy Maybo Boac (Capital) Marinduque 4b
Brgy Combot San Jose Romblon 4b 1

Brgy Aglalana Passi City Iloilo 6 2 6.5
Brgy Felisa Bacolod City Negros Occidental 6 CAT 4
Brgy Dangay Alburquerque Bohol 7
Brgy _ Consolacion Cebu 7
Brgy Capidhan San Julian Eastern Samar 8
Brgy Gamay Burauen Leyte 8 Cat 1
Sitio Ansubas, Brgy Cabul-an Capoocan Leyte 8 Cat 1 2.28
Brgy Santo Nino Tacloban City (Capital) Leyte 8 Cat 3 3.0
Brgy Calagitan Hinunangan Southern Leyte 8 Cat 1 2.0
Brgy Libhu/Bactul 2 Maasin City Southern Leyte 8 Cat 2 9.7
Brgy Anahawan Tomas Oppus Southern Leyte 8 Cat 1 1.5
Brgy Kinuman Norte Ozamiz City Misamis Occidental 10 5.7
Brgy Tambo Island Garden City of Samal Davao del Norte 11
City
Brgy _ Arakan North Cotabato 12
Brgy _ Kabacan North Cotabato 12
Brgy Malanduague Kabacan North Cotabato 12 5.0
Brgy _ Kidapawan City North Cotabato 12
Brgy Manubuan Matalam North Cotabato 12
Brgy Cabangbangan President Roxas North Cotabato 12
Brgy Bagacay Alabel (Capital) Sarangani 12
Brgy Kapate Kiamba Sarangani 12
Brgy Sinawal General Santos City South Cotabato 12
(Dadiangas)
Brgy Sampao Isulan (Capital) Sultan Kudarat 12
Sitio Kamanga, Brgy Laguilayan Isulan (Capital) Sultan Kudarat 12 8.0
Brgy Sta. Clara Kalamansig Sultan Kudarat 12 5.0

Brgy Salaman Lebak Sultan Kudarat 12
Brgy Dumalagan Butuan City (Capital) Agusan del Norte 13
Brgy Lubong(Cosili East) Bangued (Capital) Abra CAR 2 20 20 tpd
Brgy Antamok Itogon Benguet CAR 4 30.0 has 300 tpd
Brgy Poblacion Alfonso Lista (Potia) Ifugao CAR 1 6.10 5 tpd
Annex 6
Template for Memorandum of Agreement

between DENR and LGU
ANNEX 6
Annex 6
REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES

Quezon City, Metro Manila
MEMORANDUM OF AGREEMENT
KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE BY PRESENTS:
This AGREEMENT executed and entered this __________ day of ____________, 20

____, in Quezon City, Metro Manila, into by and between :
THE REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES, the sovereign state and for purpose of this
Agreement, herein called the Government, through the Department of Environment
and Natural Resources (DENR) with principal office address at DENR Compound,
Visayas Avenue, Quezon City, Metro Manila and represented by SECRETARY RAMON
PAJE, hereinafter referred to as the DEPARTMENT;
And
The MUNICIPALITY OF ___________________ , a political subdivision and

corporate entity created and existing by virtue of _________________ (Charter)
situated in the Province of _________________, represented in this agreement by
Mayor ___________________ and herein referred to as the LGU .
WITNESSETH that :
WHEREAS, Solid Waste Management (SWM) is a pervasive problem and a looming

crisis in many urban areas in the Philippines, focusing for decades on collection and
hauling and not on waste treatment and disposal, thus, it has become very expensive;
WHEREAS, many well-meaning projects, laws, rules and regulations have achieved little
so far with Local Government Units (LGUs) facing a massive challenge in managing
rapid and largely unplanned urban growth;
WHEREAS, after 11 years of implementation of RA 9003 or the Ecological Solid Waste

Management Act of 2000, continuing challenges exist in solid waste collection,
establishment of material recovery facilities (MRF), and promotion of 3R practices, the
lack of enforcement of the basic requirements of RA 9003, open dumpsites and poor
solid waste diversion;
WHEREAS, over the past decades, the DEPARTMENT in collaboration with Department
of the Interior and Local Government (DILG), and other agencies including international
donors have challenged LGUs to improve their SWM infrastructure and management,
providing a great variety of financing modalities;
WHEREAS, even as funding support to the sector in recent years has progressively
increased, many projects and loans have been cancelled and despite high expectations
in the beginning about project and program outcomes, too little has been achieved;
Annex 6
WHEREAS the DEPARTMENT has proposed a major project referred to as the

Philippine Solid Waste Management Sector Project (PSWMSP) that will improve solid
waste management (SWM) services in the Philippines by assisting local governments
with investments in infrastructure such as sanitary landfills (SLF), landfill rehabilitation,
dump site closure, emission control, material recovery facilities, solid waste collection,
processing equipment, and waste-to-energy (WTE) technologies;
WHEREAS, the proposed implementation arrangements are built on innovative

institutional and financial arrangements to encourage LGUs to improve their SWM
systems and achieve significant improvement and sustainability in the coming years;
WHEREAS, the LGU has shown interest in the project and has agreed to fulfill its
requirements under terms and conditions hereunder stipulated.
NOW THEREFORE, for and in consideration of the foregoing premises and the mutual
covenants hereinafter set forth, the parties hereto agree and bind themselves as follow:
Section 1. The PROJECT
(state and describe the project, the location and the various components of the subproject for
each LGU)
Section 2. THE PROJECT FUNDING

(state and describe the source of the funding for each LGU subproject, the amount of the
funding, and the conditions of the funding) The National Government shall provide for the
counterpart fund in cash or in kind e.g. taxes and duties, land acquisition cost, interest during
construction, and portion of project management.
Section 3. Role and Responsibilities of the DEPARTMENT
a. It shall be the recipient of the grant / subsidy to be provided by the National

Government from ADB Loan;
b. It shall utilize the grant for the procurement of equipment, facilities and services
for the LGU;
c. It shall closely supervise and monitor the implementation, operation and
maintenance by the LGU of the project including its facilities and equipment,
d. It shall periodically review the SWM tariff rate or tipping fee;
e. It shall monitor and audit the financial operations and position of the SWM
project;
Section 4. Role and Responsibilities of the LGU
a. It shall acquire and provide legal and physical possession of the sanitary landfill
site and access thereto and as well as to all other areas required for the
establishment, management, operation and maintenance thereof, including all
necessary rights of way.
b. It shall pass an ordinance that will create a SWM special account and ring fence
all revenues from the SWM including the grant of authority to the SWM Board to
administer the account;
c. It shall utilize all funds deposited in the SWM special account exclusively for
investment and O&M purposes;
d. It shall commit to Increase yearly its waste collection rate to ensure that the
expected 100% target shall be reached in ___ years;
e. It shall set the tariff at rate that will allow partial cost recovery sufficient to cover
the O&M expenses for the initial 3 years of operation;
Annex 6
f. It shall enact the ordinance authorizing each the LCE to enter into and sign this
Agreement;
g. Should there be need to borrow, it shall apply, negotiate, enter into contract,
execute, sign memoranda of agreement, loan agreements, loan documents,
project agreements, credit facilities deeds, and other papers with public or private
financing institutions/official development assistance for the financing/funding of
the WTE facility, including amendments, renewal and/or extension thereof under
such terms and conditions as may be agreed
Section 5. Tariff / Cost Recovery
Section 6. Breach/ Defaults
Section 7. Dispute Resolution - If the DENR and the LGU is unable to resolve by
mutual agreement any dispute or controversy between them concerning this agreement,
they agree that the dispute or controversy shall be finally settled by mandatory, binding
decision or opinion of the Secretary of Justice, in accordance with the Administrative
Code of 1987.
Section 7. Effectivity.
This Agreement shall take effect upon the signing of the parties hereto and shall remain
valid and in full force until mutually revoked or amended by the parties herein.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have signed this AGREEMENT this ___
day of _________, 20____ at ________________, Philippines.
____________________________ ____________________________
SECRETARYRAMONPAJE MAYOR_____________________
DepartmentofEnvironmentand Municipalityof_____________
NaturalResources
Signedinthepresenceof
_____________________________ _____________________________
ACKNOWLEDGMENT

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Technical Assistance Consultants Report

Project Number: 45146

Republic of the Philippines: Solid Waste Management

Prepared by SEURECA and PHILKOEI International, Inc., in association with Lahmeyer

A. Impact and Outcome .................................................................................. 55

Final Report December 2014

V. PROJECT FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS ............................. 111

Final Report December 2014

ADB Asian Development Bank

Final Report December 2014

Final Report December 2014

Final Report December 2014

Final Report December 2014

1. Impact and Outcome

Final Report December 2014

Output 1: Priority Infrastructure Investments in SWM

Final Report December 2014

Output 2: Information, Education, and Communication (IEC) and Knowledge Management

NSWMC Secretariat/EMB: Strengthening or establishment of an integrated and national and

Final Report December 2014

Project Implementation and Management Support Consultant (PIMSC). The Project

4. Cost Estimates, Financing Plan and Lending Arrangements

Final Report December 2014

Table 2: Cost Estimates by Outputs

4. Project Implementation and Management Support 4.34

Subtotal (A) 75.88

Final Report December 2014

ADB - OCR Loan 70.00 73.6

C. PROJECT BENEFITS, IMPACTS AND JUSTIFICATION

1. Project Benefits and Beneficiaries

Final Report December 2014

Final Report December 2014

Carmen and Malay/Aklan sub-projects as no non-land assets or existing livelihood/income-

Final Report December 2014

2. Economic and Financial Analysis

Final Report December 2014

Final Report December 2014

5. Risks and Mitigation Measures

6. Conclusions and Recommendations

Final Report December 2014

I. BRIEF INTRODUCTION OF THE PHILIPPINE SOLID WASTE

Final Report December 2014

Janiuay Del Carmen

Source: PPTA consultant.

Figure 1.1 The Project Sites

Final Report December 2014

C. Selection Procedure for LGUs

Final Report December 2014

II. RATIONALE: PERFORMANCE INDICATORS, PROBLEMS,

Final Report December 2014

Final Report December 2014

Final Report December 2014

Final Report December 2014

6. Solid Waste Management in LGUs

Final Report December 2014

Final Report December 2014

B. Key Problems and Opportunities in the SWM Sector

1. Urban Economy and Competitiveness

3. Environmental, Health, and Social Drivers

Final Report December 2014

Final Report December 2014

4. SWM Services Linked to Urban Environment Issues

Final Report December 2014