Question: 1

Compare Multiprogramming, Multitasking, Multithreading?

Answer:
Multiprogramming
Multiprogramming that increases the CPU utilization by organizing jobs means code and
data and that CPU always has one to execute. In multiprogrammed system the operating
system simply switches to and executes another job.

Multitasking or Time Sharing:

Multitasking is an logical expression of multiprogramming ,In time sharing system the CPU
executes multiple jobs by switching among them but the switches occur so frequently that
the user can interact with each program while it is running.

Multithreading:
In computer architecture it is the ability of a central processing unit or a single core in a multi-
core processor to execute multiple processes or threads concurrently, appropriately
supported by the operating system.

Question: 2
Explain role of kernel in operating system. Compare dos xp Linus operating
system?
Answer:
To perform useful function, processes need access to the peripherals connected to the
computer, which are controlled by the kernel through device drivers. A device driver is a
computer program that enables the operating system to interact with a hardware device.
When a process makes requests of the kernel, the request is called system call. Various
kernel designs differ in how they manage system calls and resources.
Both Windows and Linux are Operating systems with their own advantages and differ in
functionality and user friendliness.
Linux can be freely distributed, downloaded freely, distributed through magazines, Books
etc. There are priced versions for Linux also, but they are normally cheaper than Windows.

Question: 3
Compare real time and non-real time operating system?
Answer:
Embedded system almost run real time operating system. A real time system is used when
rigid time requirement have been placed on the operation of a processor or the flow of data
thus it often used as control device in a dedicated application. Sensors bring data to the
computer. Real time has a fixed time constraints.

Question: 4
Explain the requirement of using the trap function for executing system calls?
Answer:
A trap is software generated interrupt caused either by an error such that division by zero or
invalid memory access or by a specific request from a user program that an operating
system device by performed. An interrupt service routines provided that is responsible for
dealing with the interrupt. Since the operating system and the user share hardware and
software resources of the computer system we need to make sure that an error in a user
program that was running.