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TEAM MEMBERS:
Ms. ARLENE ABUDA JOAQUIN
Dr. SIVAMANI SELVARAJU
Ms. ZAHRAH ABDULLAH KHALFAN AL-SHARJI
Ms. KHAIR ABDULHAKEEM MUSALLEM AL-RAWAS
Mr. MOHAMMED ABDULLAH ALI BAHJAJ
SUPPORTING AGENCIES:
SALALAH COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
SALALAH MILLS CO. (SAOG)
SALALAH METHANOL COMPANY
ABSTRACT
Biogas is a source of renewable energy that is cheap to produce and excellent substitute
for natural gas.
The selection site must be suitable for the construction, design, transport, guarantee
plant safety etc. The site layout we have compiled includes feeding tank, phase
digester 1 and phase digester 2 and premises for generators etc.
Design of anaerobic digester we find is theoretically, 644.43 m3/d of methane, which
can produce 1353.3 kWh of electricity.
Total capital investment 2130569.54 OMR and annual gross profit 4181681.42 OMR.
This build calculation for large scale plant which do it to have knowledge about how
and when and the result from start this project as plant (Tables 4.6 and 4.7).
ANNEXURE I
= 437488.75 OMR
Purchased equipment installation =437488.75 OMR
39
Instrumentation and controls (installation) = 437488.75
100
= 170620.61 OMR
13
Instrumentation and controls (installation) = 437488.75
100
= 56873.53 OMR
31
Piping (installation) = 437488.75
100
= 135621.51
10
Electricity (installation) = 437488.75
100
= 43748.875
29
Buildings (including services) = 437488.75
100
= 126871.73
10
Yard improvements = 437488.75
100
= 43748.875
55
Service facilities (installed) = 437488.75
100
= 240618.81
6
Land = 437488.75
100
= 26249.32
Total direct plant costs = 1281841.38 OMR
= 139996.4
34
Construction expenses= 437488.75
100
= 148746.17
18
Contractors free(about 5% of D and ID cost) = 437488.75
100
= 78747.97 0
36
Contingency (about 10% of D and ID cost) = 437488.75
100
= 157495.95
Total indirect plant cost = 524986.49 OMR
Fixed capital investment = 1281841.38 OMR +524986.49 OMR
= 1806827.87 OMR
Working capital investment = 74% 437488.75 OMR
= 323741.67
Total capital investment=1806827.87 OMR + 323741.67
= 2130569.54
= 109500 OMR
Operating supervision cost = 15% of annual operating labor cost
15
= 109500
100
= 16425 OMR
Maintains and repair cost = 6% of fixed capital investment
6
= 1806827.87
100
= 108409.67 OMR
Operating supplies cost = 15% of maintains and repair cost
15
= 108409.67
100
= 16261.45 OMR
Laboratory changes cost = 15% of annual operating labor cost
15
= 109500
100
= 16425 OMR
Total raw material cost
days Bz
Wheat bran cost= production of wheat bran 300 0.0833
year kg
kg days OMR
= 333333.3 300 8.33 105
day year kg
= 8329.9 OMR
days Bz
Water cost = production of water 300 440
year m3
L days OMR
= 333333.3 300 0.44
day year m3
m3 days OMR
= 333.3333 300 0.44
day year m3
=43999.9 OMR
Camel dung = 0
Variable cost = total raw material cost + annual operating labor cost + operating
supervision cost + maintains and repair cost + operating supplies cost + laboratory
changes cost
o Variable cost= 52329.8 + 109500 + 16425 + 108409.87 + 16261.45 + 16425
= 319351.12 OMR
= 140600.8 OMR
Total manufacturing cost = variable cost + fixed changes + plant overhead cost
= (319351.12 + 54204.82 + 140600.8)
= 514156.74 OMR
plant over head cost
Administrative expenses =
3
140600.8
=
3
= 46866.93 OMR
total manufacturing + administrative expenses
Production cost =
0.9
514156.74 + 46866.93
=
0.9
= 623359.63 OMR
Distribution and selling = 5% of production cost
5
= 623359.63
100
= 31167.98 OMR
Research and development = 4% of production cost
4
= 623359.63
100
= 24934.38 OMR
666666.66 /
=
1 (24)
= 27.7 m2
Volume of reactor = average flow rate hydraulic retention
= 666666.66 8
= 5333.3 m3
COD loading rate = COD in wastewater Average flow rate
= 4218.18 666666.66
= 2812.12
Volumetric loading rate =
2812.12 /
=
5333.3 3
= 0.53 kg COD /m3
Average concentration of sludge in the blanket =
887.49 /
=
666666.66 /
= 0.013
COD removal efficiency () = 100
4218.18 900
=
4218.18
= 78.6%
Total COD removed = COD removal efficiency COD in influent average flow rate
= 0.786 4218.18 666666.66
= 2210.3
COD available for methane gas production = Total COD removal
Theoretically methane gas production = 300
Methane gas production rate = methane gas produce total COD removed
= 300/ 2210.3/
3
= 663.09
day
0.028 3
Methane gas loss = 3
3
= (666666.66 ) /1000 0.028
3
= 18.66
day
Methane gas produce by digester = methane gas production rate Total methane gas
loss
3
3
= 663.09 18.66
day
3
= 644.43
day
Theoretically, 1m3 of biogas contains 2/3 m3 of methane which can produce 1.4 kWh
of electricity (constant)
2
So kWh 0f electricity = 1.4 644.43 /( )
3
4 5333.3 3
=
3.14 386.47
2
Diameter= 17.5
= 4.2 m