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Chapter 14
14.1 Introduction
Y ( )
H ( ) =
X( )
P2
GdB = 10 log10
P1
When P1 = P2, there us o change in power and the
pain is 0 dB.
If P2 = 2P1, the gain is GdB = 10 log10 2 3 dB
When P2 = 0.5P1, the gain is GdB = 10 log10 0.5 3 dB
H dB = 20 log10 H
K ( j ) 1 (1 + j / z1 )[1 + j 21 / k + ( j / k ) 2 ]
H ( ) =
(1 + j / p1 )[1 + j 2 2 / n + ( j / n ) 2 ]
ch14 Frequency Response 14
TABLE 14.3 Summary of Bode Straight-line
magnitude and phase plots
( j ) N
1
( j ) N
1 + j
N
Factor
z
Magnitude Phase
1
Factor
(1 + j / p ) N
Magnitude Phase
N
2 j j 2
1 + +
Factor n n
Magnitude Phase
1
Factor
[1 + 2 j / k + ( j / k ) ]
2 N
Magnitude Phase
10 j
H ( ) =
(1 + j / 2)(1 + j / 10)
10 j
= (90 tan 1 / 2 tan 1 / 10)
1 + j / 2 1 + j / 10
1 / 100(1 + j )
H ( ) =
1 + j 6 / 10 + ( j / 10) 2
j 6 2
H dB = 20 log10 100 + 20 log10 1 + j 20 log10 1 +
10 100
1 6 / 10
1
= 0 + tan tan
1 2
/ 100
1 1
0 L = or 0 = rad/s
0C LC
1
Since 0 = Hz
2 LC
Vm
I= I =
R 2 + (L 1 / C ) 2
1 2
P( ) = I R
2
1 Vm2
P(0 ) =
2 R
B
1 0
2
B
2 0 +
2
(b) B = 2 1 = 2 krad/s
R 2
B = = 3 = 2 krad/s
L 10
0 L 50 103 10 3
Q= = = 2 krad/s
R 25
0 50 103
B= = = 2 krad/s
Q 25
B
Since Q > 10, 1 = 0 = 50 1 = 49 krad/s
2
B
1 = 0 + = 50 + 1 = 51 krad/s
2
I 1 1
Y = H ( ) = = + jC +
V R jL
1
or Y = + j C
1
R L
1 1
C = 0 or 0 = rad/s
L LC
ch14 Frequency Response 46
ch14 Frequency Response 47
2
1 =
1
+
1 1
+
2 RC 2 RC LC
2
2 =
1
+
1 1
+
2 RC 2 RC LC
1
B = 2 1 =
RC
0 R
Q= = 0 RC =
B 0 L
B B
1 0 , 2 0 +
2 2
Lowpass 1 0 1/ 2
Highpass 0 1 1/ 2
Bandpass 0 0 1
Bandstop 1 1 0
Vo 1 / jC
H ( ) = =
Vi R + 1 / jC
1
H ( ) =
1 + jRC
ch14 Frequency Response 54
Lowpass Filter
1 1
H (c ) = =
1 + c R C
2 2 2
2
1
or c =
RC
A lowpass filter is
designed to pass only
frequencies from dc
up to the cutoff
frequency c.
Vo R
H ( ) = =
Vi R + 1 / jC
jRC
H ( ) =
1 + jRC
ch14 Frequency Response 56
Highpass Filter
1
c =
RC
A highpass filter is
designed to pass all
frequencies above its
cutoff frequency c.
Vo R
H ( ) = =
Vi R + j (L 1 / C )
1
0 =
RC
ch14 Frequency Response 58
Bandpass Filter
Vo j (L 1 / C )
H ( ) = =
Vi R + j (L 1 / C )
1
0 =
RC
ch14 Frequency Response 60
Bandstop Filter
Vo Zf
H ( ) = =
V1 Zi
where Zi = Ri + 1 / jCi and Z f = R f
Rf jCi R f
H ( ) = =
Ri + 1 / jCi 1 + jCi Ri
1
c =
RiCi
1
Z R = R, Z L = jL, ZC =
jC
ZR = K m Z R = K m R, ZL = K m Z L = jK m L,
1
ZC = K m ZC =
jC / K m
1 1 1
0 = = = = 0
LC K m LC / K m LC
1 1 Kf
0 = = = = K f 0
LC ( L / K f )(C / K f ) LC
B = K f B
Km
R = K m R, L = L
Kf
1
C = C , = K f
Km K f
Km 104
L2 = L2 = (0.765) = 24.35 mH
Kf 10 5
C1 0.765
C1 = = = 243.5 pF
K m K f 10 9
C2 1.848
C2 = = = 588.2 pF
K m K f 10 9
ch14 Frequency Response 80