SWITCHGEAR AND CONTROL PVT. LTD.

PROJECT Substation Package-S1 for 33/11kV Infocity Susbstation (New) under OPTCL.

PREPARED CHECKED APPROVED DATE

TITLE 33/11kV Substation Earthing Calculation (Infocity)
DJS DJS DJS 15/07/2014
2 of 9
CALCULATIONS ARE BASED ON IEEE Std 80-2000

1.0.0 PURPOSE AND SCOPE

The purpose of the document is to design the Earthmat for the 33/11kV AIS Substation. The important aspect is that the design should achieve
"Tolerable Touch and Step potential " with the Earth grid resistance less than 1 ohm.

2.0.0 DESIGN INPUT

2.1.0 SYSTEM PARAMETERS

2.1.1 System Voltage = 33/11 kV

2.1.2 System Grounding = Solid

2.1.3 Maximum Fault Current If = 25000 A (As per OPTCL spec)

2.1.4 Duration of Fault Current ts = 1s (As per OPTCL spec)

2.2.0 ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS

2.2.1 Soil Resistivity r = 9.00 ohm.m (As per soil resistivity

report)

2.2.2 Top Layer resistivity (Crushed rock) rs = 3000 ohm.m

(As per OPTCL spec)

2.2.3 Length of switchyard Lx = 14 m (As per Layout)

2.2.4 Breadth of Switchyard Bx = 14 m (As per Layout)

2.3.0 OTHER DETAILS

2.3.1 Conductor diameter d = 0.031 m (31mm dia MS Rod)

~=
2.3.2 Conductor Area = 750 Sq.mm (75 x 10 mm MS Flat)

2.3.3 Depth of burial (minimum) h = 0.6 m (As per OPTCL spec)

2.3.4 Depth of Top Layer hs = 0.1 m (As per OPTCL spec)

2.3.5 No of electrodes
Transformer = 2 (2# Neutral)
Lightning Arrester = 3 (3 No. x 1)
PT/CVT = 3 (3 No. x 1)
Tower with Peak = 3 (3 No. x 1)
Outer Fence = 15 (4 No. x 1)

2.3.5 No of electrodes nR = 26

2.3.6 Length of electrode LR = 2m

2.3.7 Diameter of electrode 2b = 25 mm

 SWITCHGEAR AND CONTROL PVT. LTD.
PROJECT Substation Package-S1 for 33/11kV Infocity Susbstation (New) under OPTCL.

PREPARED CHECKED APPROVED DATE

TITLE 33/11kV Substation Earthing Calculation (Infocity)
DJS DJS DJS 15/07/2014
3.0.0 CALCULATIONS 3 of 9

3.1.0 CALCULATIONS - PRELIMINARY

Lx
3.1.1 Area of Switchyard Ag = Lx*Bx

= 14 x 14
Bx
= 196 Sq.m

3.1.2 Spacing of Conductors Ds = 2.0 m

3.1.3 No: of grids in X direction Nx = (Lx/Ds)+1

= 014/2+1

= 8

3.1.4 No: of grids in Y direction Ny = (Bx/Ds)+1

= 014/2+1

= 8

3.1.5 Total length of conductors Lc = Nx * Bx + Ny * Lx

= 224

3.1.6 Total length of electrodes Lr = 26 x 2

= 52 m

3.1.7 Peripheral length of Grid Lp = 2 x (Lx + Bx)

= 2 x ( 14 + 14 )

= 56 m

3.1.8 Maximum distance between two points on grid Dm = (Lx2 + Bx2)

= ( 14 + 14 )

= 20 m
3.1.5 Geometric factor n

na = 2.Lc/Lp (Eqn. 85 in page 93)

= 2 x 224 / 56

= 8.0
 SWITCHGEAR AND CONTROL PVT. LTD.
PROJECT Substation Package-S1 for 33/11kV Infocity Susbstation (New) under OPTCL.

PREPARED CHECKED APPROVED DATE

TITLE 33/11kV Substation Earthing Calculation (Infocity)
DJS DJS DJS 15/07/2014
4 of 9
nb = 1.0 (Eqn. 86 in page 93)

= 1.0

nc = 1 (Eqn. 87 in page 93)

= 1.0

nd = 1 (Eqn. 88 in page 93)

= 1.0

n = n a . nb . nc . nd (Eqn. 84 in page 93)

= 8.0 x 1.0 x 1.0 x 1.0

= 8.0

3.2.0 TOLERABLE TOUCH POTENTIAL

Etouch = ( 1000 + 1.5 Cs rs ) * 0.116 / ts (Eqn. 32 in page 27)

Cs = 1 - 0.09 ( 1- r/rs) / ( 2 hs + 0.09) (Eqn. 27 in page 23)

= 1-0.09*(1-009/3000)/(2*0.10+0.09)

= 0.6906

Etouch = ( 1000 + 1.5 Cs rs ) * 0.116 / ts

= (1000 + 1.5 * 0.6906 * 3000 ) * 0.116 / 1.0

= 476.49 V

3.3.0 TOLERABLE STEP POTENTIAL

Estep = ( 1000 + 6.0 *Cs * rs ) * 0.116 / ts (Eqn. 30 in page 27)

= (1000 + 6.0 * 0.6906 * 3000 ) * 0.116 / 1.0

= 1557.94 V
 SWITCHGEAR AND CONTROL PVT. LTD.
PROJECT Substation Package-S1 for 33/11kV Infocity Susbstation (New) under OPTCL.

PREPARED CHECKED APPROVED DATE

TITLE 33/11kV Substation Earthing Calculation (Infocity)
DJS DJS DJS 15/07/2014
5 of 9
3.4.0 TOUCH POTENTIAL ATTAINABLE

Emesh = r Km Ki I / Lm (Eqn. 80 in page 91)

Lm = Lc + Lr (Eqn.90 in page 94)

= 224+52

= 276 m

Km = 1 . ln Ds2 + (Ds + 2h ) 2
-h + Kii ln 8
2p 16 hd 8 Ds d 4d Kh p (2n-1)

(Eqn. 81 in page 93)

1.00 for grids with ground rods in perimeter / all along the grid
Kii =
2/n
1/(2n) for grids with no ground round rods or grids with only a few ground rods

Here we consider grids with ground rods in perimeter

ho = 1.00 m ( reference depth of grid)

Kh = (1+h/ho) (Eqn. 83 in page 93)

= ( 1 + 0.6 / 1.0 )

= 1.2649

Km = 1 Ln 2.0 + (2.0 + 2*0.60 ) -0.60 +1 8

2 16*0.6*0.03 8*2.0*0.03 4*0.03 1.26 9 (2*8.0-1)

= 0.3147

Ki = 0.644 + 0.148 * n (Eqn 89 in page 94)

= 0.644 + 0.148 *8.0

= 1.8280

Emesh = r Km Ki I / Lm (Eqn 80 in page 91)

= 009 * 0.3147 * 1.8280 * 25000 / 276.00

= 468.91 V
 SWITCHGEAR AND CONTROL PVT. LTD.
PROJECT Substation Package-S1 for 33/11kV Infocity Susbstation (New) under OPTCL.

PREPARED CHECKED APPROVED DATE

TITLE 33/11kV Substation Earthing Calculation (Infocity)
DJS DJS DJS 15/07/2014
6 of 9
3.5.0 STEP POTENTIAL ATTAINABLE

Estep = r Ks Ki I / Ls (Eqn 92 in page 94)

Ls = 0.75 Lc + 0.85 Lr (Eqn 93 in page 94)

= 0.75 *224.00+ 0.85* 52.00

= 212.2 m

n = 8

Ks = 1* 1 + 1 + 1 (1- 0.5(n-2) ) (Eqn. 94 in page 94)

p 2h Ds + h Ds

= ( 1 / 3.14 ) * { 1 / (2 * 0.6 ) + 1 / ( 2.0 + 0.6 ) + 1 / 2.0 * ( 1 - 0.5^(8 - 2 ) }

= 0.5444

Estep = r Ks Ki I / Ls

= ( 9.00 * 0.5444 * 1.8280 * 25000 ) / 212.2

= 1055.10 V

4.0.0 CALCULATION OF GROUNDING RESISTANCE

4.1.0 RESISTANCE OF GROUND RODS

Re = r ln (4 LR/b ) - 1 + 2 K1 LR (nR-1)2
2p nR LR Ag (Eqn. 55 in page 66)

K1 = 1.41-0.04x for H = 0 (Eqn. 55 in page 66)

1.20-0.05x for H = 1/10 Ag

1.13-0.05x for H = 1/6 Ag (Fig 25(a) in page 67)

H = 0.6 m

K1 = 1.41-0.04x

= 1.41-0.04(L/B)

= 1.41-0.04*14.00/14.00

= 1.3700

Re = 9.00 / (2 * 26 * 3.14 * 2.0 ) * [ ln (4 * 2.0 / 0.0309) - 1 + 2 * 1.370 *

(2 / sqrt(196)) * (sqrt (26)-1)^2 ]
= 0.3258 ohm
 SWITCHGEAR AND CONTROL PVT. LTD.
PROJECT Substation Package-S1 for 33/11kV Infocity Susbstation (New) under OPTCL.

PREPARED CHECKED APPROVED DATE

TITLE 33/11kV Substation Earthing Calculation (Infocity)
DJS DJS DJS 15/07/2014
7 of 9
4.2.0 RESISTANCE OF GROUND GRID

Rs = r ln (2 Lc / h') + K1 Lc - K2 (Eqn. 54 in page 66)

p Lc Ag

K2 = 5.50+0.15x for H = 0

4.68+0.10x for H = 1/10 Ag

4.40-0.05x for H = 1/6 Ag (Fig 25(b) in page 67)

K2 = 4.68+0.10x

= 4.68+0.10(L/B)

= 4.68+0.10*14.00/14.00

= 4.78

h' = (d . h) (Page 66)

= (0.03 * 0.6)

= 0.136 m

Rs = ( 9.00 / (3.14 * 224)) * [ ln ( 2 * 224 / 0.1362 ) + 1.370 *

( 224 / sqrt (196.00 )) - 4.780 ]
= 0.3227 Ohms

4.3.0 MUTUAL RESISTANCE BETWEEN GROUND GRID AND GROUND RODS

Rse = r ln (2 Lc / Lr) + K1 Lc - K2 +1
p Lc Ag (Eqn 56 in page 66)

= 9.00 / (3.14 * 224) * [ln (2 * 224 / 2.0 ) + 1.370 *

( 224.00 / sqrt (196.00 )) - 4.780 + 1]
= 0.3011 ohms

4.4.0 COMBINED RESISTANCE OF GROUND GRID AND GROUND RODS

Rg = Re . Rs - Rse2 (Eqn. 53 in page 66)

Re + Rs - 2Rse

= 0.3258 * 0.3227 - 0.3011

0.3258 * 0.3227 - 2 * 0.3011

= 0.3126 Ohm

THIS IS LESS THAN THE RECOMMENDED VALUE OF LESS THAN 1.0 OHM
 SWITCHGEAR AND CONTROL PVT. LTD.
PROJECT Substation Package-S1 for 33/11kV Infocity Susbstation (New) under OPTCL.

PREPARED CHECKED APPROVED DATE

TITLE 33/11kV Substation Earthing Calculation (Infocity)
DJS DJS DJS 15/07/2014
8 of 9
5.0.0 RESULTS

5.1.1 Permissible Spacing of conductors Ds = 2 m

5.1.2 Total length of mainmat conductors Lc = 224 m

5.1.3 Attainable step potential = 1055.10 V

5.1.4 Attainable touch potential = 468.91 V

5.1.5 Tolerable step potential = 1557.94 V

5.1.6 Tolerable touch potential = 476.49 V

Thus Attainable Emesh is less than Tolerable Etouch and

Attainable Estep is less than Tolerable Estep

5.1.7 Combined resistance of Grid & ground rods = 0.3126 ohm < 1.0 ohm

6 CONCLUSION

Permissible Spacing of conductors for the present layout is 2m. Hence, Earthmat layout shall be prepared with spacing
lesser or equal to 2m.