SULIT 4551/3

Answer all questions.

Question 1

Hydrogen peroxide is a chemical that bubbles when it reacts with a catalase enzyme.

Catalase enzyme is an antioxidant enzyme in living cells. Hydrogen peroxide is converted

into water and oxygen by the catalase enzyme

2H2O2 2H2O + O2

An experiment is carried out to investigate the effect of pH on catalase enzyme in potatoes.

Bubbling of gases is used to indicate that a reaction is occurring. The rate of reaction is

determined by measuring the volume of bubbles produced in a unit time. The experiment is

conducted as followed:

1. Three measuring cylinders, P, Q and R are filled with 3.0 cm3 of hydrogen peroxide.

2. 6.0 cm3 of 0.1% hydrochloric acid is added to P, 6.0 cm3 of distilled water is added to Q

and 6.0 cm3 of 0.1% sodium hydroxide is added to R.

3. pH paper is used to measure the pH value of each tube.

4. The potato is cut into three cubes, with the size of 1.0 cm3 each.

5. One potato cube is added into each measuring cylinder.

6. The volume of bubbles produced in each measuring cylinder is observed after

5 minutes and recorded.

7. The results are shown in Diagram 1.

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Examiners
Use

__ __ __
__ _

Diagram 1

(a) List all materials and apparatus used in this experiment.

Materials Apparatus

1a

(3 marks)

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Examiners
(b) Record the volume of bubbles formed in each measuring cylinder after 5 minutes in Use

diagram 1.
1bb
(3 marks)

(c) (i) State two observations made on Diagram 1.

Observation 1

Observation 2

.
1c (i)
.

(3 marks)

(ii) State the inference for each observation made in (c) (i).

Inference for observation 1

Inference for observation 2

. 1c (ii)
(3 marks)

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(d) (i) Construct a table and record all the data collected in the experiment based on the
following criteria:
pH value
Volume of bubbles formed
Rate of reaction (cm3 minute-1)

1d (i)

(6 marks)

(ii) Explain the relationship between the test tube content and the volume of

bubbles formed in Q.

...

... 1d (ii)

(3 marks)

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(e) (i) State the variables and explain how the variables are operated. Use

Variables How the variables are operated

Manipulated variable

Responding variable

Fixed variables

1e (i)

(3 marks)

(ii) State the hypothesis of the experiment.

.. 1e (ii)
..

(3 mark)

(f) State the relationship between volume of bubbles formed and time in a

medium of pH 7.

.
1f
.

(3 marks)

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(g) Based on the experiment, what is enzyme?

....

....

1g
(3 marks)

(h) The experiment is repeated by using 2 potato cubes sized 0.5 cm3 each.

Predict the observation in measuring cylinder R. Explain your answer.

..

..
1h
..

(3 marks)

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Question 2

Multicellular organisms are bigger and complex. The cells cannot depend on diffusion alone
to obtain its requirements. Multicellular organisms need the transport system to transport
respiration gaseous and nutrient to the inner part of the body. Whereas, unicellular organisms
get their gaseous and nutrients supply by diffusion through their cell membrane because their
total surface area per volume are big.

Based on the above information, plan a laboratory experiment to study the relationship
between the size of organisms and the rate of diffusion.

The planning of your experiment must include the following aspects:

Problem statement
Aim of investigation
Hypothesis
Variables
List of materials and apparatus
Experimental procedure or method
Presentation of data

(17 marks)

END OF QUESTION PAPER