Chapter 7

Diagram 2.1 shows two individual, P and Q in two different situations. P is in a vigorous activity
while Q is at rest. Processes of R and S occurs in a human muscle cell.
Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan dua individu, P dan Q dalam dua situasi yang berbeza. P sedang
melakukan satu aktiviti cergas manakala Q berada dalam keadaan rehat. Proses R dan S
berlaku dalam satu sel otot manusia.

(a) Based on Diagram 2.1, name the processes R and S.

Berdasarkan Rajah 2.1, namakan proses R dan S.
Process R/ Proses R : ____________________________________________________
Process S/ Proses S : ____________________________________________________
(2 marks)

(b) Write the equation of process S.

Tuliskan persamaan bagi proses S.

_________________________________________________________________________
(1 mark)
 (c) State two differences between process R and process S.
Nyatakan perbezaan diantara proses R dan proses S.
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_____________________________________________________________________
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(2 marks)
(d) Diagram 2.2 shows a part of the respiratory system of humans.
Rajah 2.2 menunjukkan sistem respirasi pada manusia.

Diagram 2.2
Rajah 2.2

(i) Name structures X and Y.

Namakan struktur X dan Y.

Structure X :_________________________________________

Structure Y : _________________________________________
(2 marks)
(ii) Name the process that enables the exchange of the respiratory gases to occur between
X and Y.
Namakan proses yang membolehkan pertukaran gas berlaku antara X dan Y.
____________________________________________________________________

(1 mark)

(iii) Explain how the differences in the partial pressures can cause the exchange of
the respiratory gases between X and Y and between X and the body cells.
Terangkan bagaimana perbezaan tekanan separa boleh menyebabkan pertukaran gas
antara X dan Y dan antara X dengan sel badan.
_____________________________________________________________________
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(4 marks)
Marking Scheme
(a) Process R/ Proses R : Anaerobic respiration
Process S/ Proses S : Aerobic respiration

(b) Glucose + Water Carbon dioxide + Water + Energy

(c)
Anaerobic respiration Aerobic respiration

(d) (i) Structure X: red blood cell

Structure Y: alveolus

(ii) Simple diffusion

(iii)At alveolus :
F1- partial pressure of oxygen is higher in Y(alveolus) than in X(red blood cell)
E1- oxygen diffuses from Y to X following the concentration gradient.
F2- partial pressure of carbon dioxide is higher in X /blood than in Y
E2- Carbon dioxide diffuses from X to Y following the concentration gradient

At body cells :
F3- partial pressure of oxygen is higher in X than in body cells
E3- oxygen diffuses from X into body cells.
F4- partial pressure of carbon dioxide is higher in body cells than in X
E4- carbon dioxide diffuses from body cells to X