15.

4 COMPRESSORS

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 CENTRIFUGAL TYPE

SINGLE STAGE COMPRESSOR

TWO STAGE COMPRESSOR SINGLE STAGE DOUBLE ENTRY

CENTRIFUGAL ASSY
 CENTRIFUGAL FEATURES
ADVANTAGE
Cheap and simple
Not prone to FOD and icing
Stable, no stall and surge
Large rise in air pressure over distance

DISADVANTAGE
Limited compression ration 4:1
Large frontal area
Capacity is limit by impaler tip speed
Easyly loss pressure due to severe change airflow direction
 AXIAL TYPE
SINGLE SPOOL TWIN SPOOL

TRIPLE SPOOL
 OPERATING PRINCIPLE
Continuous compression
through each stage .
Stage is defined as rotor and
stator
Its form divergence duct
(continouse pressure rise) in
each stage
 CASCADE EFFECT
Ability of the air to travel from low pressure
area to the high prassure area
AXIAL ASSY
 AXIAL FEATURES
ADVANTAGE
High compression ratio
Low fuel consumption
Small frontal area and high volume of air
Suit to high thrust

DISADVANTAGE
Complicated and expensive
Poor acceleration
Very severe to FOD
Prone to stall and surge
 COMPONENT
Rotor Blade :
Airfoil section and twist to provide correct angle of attack (maintain
uniform airflow)
Stager angle ( angle of incident of blade)
Stator Vanes :
Airfoil section and secure with casing
Providing divergen blade spacing to effect sec stage compression
Control direction airflow
Fan type
To produce thrust for turbofan engine and to pass air that not
required for combustion
Engine more quiter and durable using fan
High aspect ratio : thin and long blade (have clapper support)
Low aspect ratio : wide chord and smaller blade
 ROTOR BLADE

Blade Attachment

Blade design
 STATOR VEIN

Variable stator

Fixed stator
 FAN
FAN BALANCING
Balance to prevent vibration and stress due to
high rotational speed
Two type of balance:
Single Plane or Static balance
Two plane or dynamic balance
MIX COMPRESSOR
 STALL AND SURGE
Stall :
Angle of attack of blade become to high or low due to airflow entry
condition.
Indicate by increase in EGT, vibration and coughing noise
Transition stall If slight vibration and poor acceleration occur shortly
Hung stall cause all stage compressor stall and airflow will become
reverse flow (surge)

Surge :
Complete breakdown of airflow (all compressor stage stall)
Due FOD, distored airfoil, bleed valve mailfunction cause the rear
compressor stage chock or exessive pressure ratio
Indicate by abnormal engine noise, high EGT, vibration, flame emiting
in exhaust
In extream condition, engine completely destroy
AIRFLOW VARIATION
 AIRFLOW CONTROL
Anti-surge device
To prevent or reduce risk stall/surge and maintain
smooth airflow.
By controlling the movement of airflow or
dumping the unstable airflow from compressor.
Type :
Variable intake guide vanes
Variable stator vanes
Compressor bleed valve
 ANTI-SURGE

Variable Inlet guide vanes control

Bleed Valves

Variable stator and actuator mechanism

 COMPRESSOR RATIO
Calculated by dividing total pressure after last
stage of compresssion by total inlet pressure.
Varies with RPM, intake temperature and
blade damage
Overall pressure ratio for axial compressor is
30:1