XYLEM - Type XA Modules

Type XA Underdrain
Type XA Universal
Wall Installation, Operation and
Maintenance Manual
Table of Contents
1 Receiving and Storage

1.1 Loss or Damage in Transit
1.2 Storage
1.3 Field Assembly Figures
2 Assembly and Installation Instructions
2.1 Filter Preparation Instructions
2.1.1 General
2.1.2 Type of Filter Wall Sleeve
2.1.3 Checking Filter
2.1.4 Installation Materials and Equipment
2.1.5 Air Scour Installation
2.1.6 Anchor Rod Installations
2.1.7 Orifice Plate Installation
2.2 Underdrain Lateral Assembly
2.2.1 General
2.2.2 Recommended Handling Procedures
2.2.3 Assembly of Laterals
2.3 Underdrain Installation
2.3.1 Protection of Underdrain Laterals
2.3.2 Level Tolerances
2.3.3 Grout Specifications
2.3.4 Setting the Underdrain Laterals - General
2.3.5 Wall Sleeve Installation Orifice Plate
2.3.6 Wall Sleeve Installation Insert
2.3.7 Grouting the Spaces between Lateral
2.3.8 Installation with I.M.S Media Retainer
2.3.9 Final Checks
2.3.10 Block Modifications
3 START-UP
3.1 START UP PROCEDURE
Type XA Universal Flume Installation

Table of Contents
3.1.1 Introduction
3.1.2 Recommended Startup Procedure
3.2 TESTING
3.2.1 Preparation for Testing
3.2.2 Hydraulic (Water) Testing
3.2.3 Air Testing
3.2.4 Concurrent Air and Water Testing
4 OPERATION
4.1 GENERAL
4.2 RECOMMENDED BACKWASHING PROCEDURES
4.2.1 Water Only (Agitator System)
4.2.2 Concurrent Air and Water
4.2.3 Sequential Air and Water
5 MAINTENANCE
5.1 GENERAL
6 WARRANTY, SERVICE, PARTS
6.1 GENERAL WARRANTY
6.2 I.M.S Media Retainer WARRANTY
6.3 SERVICE
6.4 PARTS
7 PRODUCT DATA
7.1 Appendix 1
7.1.1 General
7.1.2 Materials
7.1.3 Proportions
7.1.4 Addendum for Sea Water
7.2 UNDERDRAIN CURVES
8 Project Drawings

Read This First
This document contains instructions for proper handling, storage, installation,
operation, and maintenance. Read all instructions in their entirety prior to
installing and operation the underdrain system. Failure to follow proper
instructions may void the manufacturers warranty.
SUBJECT CAUTION REF

Grout Selection Failure to use the recommended grout and prepare it properly may result in a reduced O&M para 2.3
and Preparation strength underdrain structure or failure of the underdrain system. Appendix I
Grout Installation Failure to place the fill grout within 24 hours after underdrain laterals are set in base grout O&M para 2.3
may result in a reduced strength underdrain structure or failure of the underdrain system. Appendix I
Grout Penetration Failure to achieve full penetration of the fill grout to the base grout may result in a weakened O&M para 2.3
underdrain structure or failure of the underdrain system. Appendix I
Anchor Rod Failure to install the anchor rods properly may result in a reduced strength underdrain O&M para 2.1, 2.3
Installation structure or failure of the underdrain system. project dwgs, epoxy
mfg. Instructions
Anchor Rod Epoxy Failure to install the anchor rod epoxy properly may cause poor adhesion between the O&M para 2.1, 2.3,
Installation anchor rod and the concrete and may result in a reduced strength underdrain structure or and project dwgs,
failure of the underdrain system. epoxy instructions
Installation Failure to adhere to all tolerances; including but not limited to those related to wall sleeve O&M para 2.1, 2.2,
Tolerances and orifice locations, floor elevations, anchor rod size, locations and depths; may result in 2.3 project drawings
poor filter performance and/or failure of the underdrain system.
Floor Roughness Failure to install underdrain system on a filter floor with sufficient roughness may cause O&M para 2.1, 2.2,
inadequate bonding between the base grout and floor and may result in a reduced strength 2.3 project drawings
underdrain structure or failure of the underdrain system.
Expansion Joints Failure to install the underdrain system in a manner that eliminates the effects of shifts at an Project drawings and
expansion joint on the filter floor may result in equipment damage or failure of the underdrain contract drawings
system.
Filter Operation Failure to operate the filter system properly or within recommended limits may cause poor O&M sections 3 and 4
filter performance and/or excessive stresses on the system that may result in equipment
damage or failure of the underdrain system.
Uncontrolled Air Failure to prevent uncontrolled air from entering the filter during backwash may cause O&M sections 3 and 4
excessive stresses on the system that may result in equipment damage or failure of the
underdrain system.
Air Scour High Failure to incorporate a high loop in the air scour piping may allow backwash water to O&M sections 3 and
Loop damage blower equipment or cause excessive surges during backwash that may result in 4, project drawings,
equipment damage or failure of the underdrain system. and contract drawings
Air Scour Vent Failure to properly implement and utilize an air scour vent valve with a positive displacement O&M sections 3 and
Valve type blower may cause excessive stresses during backwash and may result in equipment 4, project drawings,
damage or failure of the underdrain system. and contract drawings
I.M.S Media Failure to follow proper installation and operating procedures may cause poor filter O&M sections 2 and
Retainer performance and/or excessive stresses during backwash and may result in failure of the 5, and product
underdrain system. application guide
Media Testing Xylem is not responsible for performing onsite media testing and will not be held responsible,
financial or otherwise, for results that do not meet the contract specifications.

Receiving and Storage
1 Receiving and Storage

CAUTION: Failure to follow proper receiving and storage procedures,
instructions, recommendations and cautions may void the manufacturers
warranty.
NOTE: Refer to Section 2, 2.3 for all field assembly figures.
1.1 Loss or Damage in Transit

It is the consignees responsibility to inspect the shipment immediately upon arrival and
notify the carrier and Xylem if loss or damage has occurred. If loss or damage is
evident at time of delivery, make a notation of the details on the carrier's delivery receipt
before signing it.
If loss or damage is concealed and discovered after delivery, request the carrier in
writing to make an inspection and issue a report. THIS MUST BE DONE WITHIN 15
DAYS!
Xylem is willing to assist in claim matters. Xylem cannot accept responsibility for
material shipped FOB shipping point.
1.2 Storage
Please note as consignee, you are responsible for the protection of your underdrains,
and related equipment i.e., anchor rods, O-rings, air header, etc. Delivery constitutes
acceptance and transfer of title, so please note the following storage requirements.
The Leopold, a xylem brand, Underdrain must be correctly stored to prevent
warpage caused by uneven loading.
Blocks are shipped palletized and covered with 5 mil polyethylene bags. Each
pallet must be stored on a flat pad or firm ground and restrained to prevent
overturning. Do not stack pallets on top of each other.
Un-palletized block should be stacked on a flat level surface.
o Block without an I.M.S Media Retainer must be stacked with the apex of
the primary lateral in an upright or inverted configuration as shown in
Figure 1-1.
o Block with an I.M.S Media Retainer must be stored with the apex of the
primary lateral in an upright position as shown in Figure 1-2. Do not stack
over 10 blocks high. They must not be stacked on the sides.
Any loose block must be covered with 5 mil polyethylene to keep it clean and to
protect sealant filled joints from the weather. If sealant is missing from the
groove, it must be reinstalled before that block can be used.

Receiving and Storage
The maximum block temperature not to exceed 60C (140F). This may require
removing from containers and/or storing under a canopy to prevent direct
sunlight.
The blocks can be stored for approximately one (1) year prior to installation if all
the above conditions are met for storage and a UV resistant cover is provided to
prevent the 5 mil polyethylene bags from deteriorating. If the plastic bags are
destroyed, they must be replaced or other suitable coverage provided.

Figure 1.1 STACKED UNDERDRAIN
Figure 1.2 STACKED UNDERDRAIN WITH I.M.S MEDIA RETAINER

Assembly and Installation Instructions
2 Assembly and Installation

Instructions
CAUTION: Failure to follow proper assembly and installation procedures,
warranty.
NOTE: Refer to Section 2, 2.4 for all field assembly figures. Refer to Section 3 for all
project drawings.
2.1 Filter Preparation Instructions

2.1.1 General
The installation of the Leopold, a xylem brand, Underdrain System is simple and
problem free provided these recommendations are followed. In all cases, it is
recommended that an authorized Xylem Field Service Representative be present to
instruct and train all personnel in the appropriate installation procedures. Please refer
to the Plans and Specifications for this project. If "Certification" of the installation is
required by Xylem, an authorized Xylem Field Service Representative must be present
during the entire installation.
CAUTION: A Xylem Field Service Representative must be present for the

complete installation of a minimum of the first filter.
NOTE: Forty-five (45) days notice is needed to schedule a Xylem Field Service
Representative.
2.1.2 Type of Filter Wall Sleeve

In a wall sleeve arrangement, each lateral is fed from the end by a common flume or
gullet. The water travels through an orifice in the wall between the gullet and the filter.
A wall sleeve is usually cast into the wall for that purpose. See Figure 2-1.
The type of flume block depends on the arrangement of the wall sleeves. In this
installation either a continuous orifice plate or HDPE wall inserts placed in each lateral
are required. See Figure 2-2A and Figure 2-2B.
2.1.3 Checking Filter

CAUTION: Failure to adhere to all dimensions and tolerances may result
in improper installation, poor filter performance and/or failure of the underdrain
system.

The first procedure on any installation should be to check the dimensions of the filter
and levelness of the floor. For a flume configuration, verify the location and dimensions
of the flume and levelness across the flume.
NOTE: All dimensions should agree with dimensions as shown on the approved project
drawings furnished by Xylem for the project. Figures in this document are for reference
only, do not attempt to assemble and install equipment without referring to the approved
project drawings.
If the measured filter width is smaller than the size shown on the approved project
drawing, contact the Xylem Project Manager prior to adjusting the number and/or
spacing of underdrain laterals.
If your flume arrangement does not conform to what is pictured, refer to the approved
project drawings for any differences.
CAUTION: Do not deviate from the approved project drawings without

written approval from the Xylem project manager.
If special plates (inlet diffusers, air shields, orifice plates, etc.) are required, make sure
they are properly mounted per the approved project drawings.
If the floor is out of level, the high areas must be chipped to make the floor level to
within 1" (25mm) between the highest and lowest areas. For dual bay filters, level the
floor of each so that the difference between them is less than 1/2 (12mm). If the filter
floor is dry, it should be dampened to ensure a good grout bond.
CAUTION: Grout will not bond properly to epoxy admixtures, painted

areas, or smooth surfaces. Filter floor and wall (up to above the grout fillet) must
be clean, with no paint or coatings, where it will be in contact with grout. The
floor must have a rough surface equivalent to a minimum 1/8 (3mm) profile
broom finish before placing floor grout.
2.1.4 Installation Materials and Equipment

The following materials and equipment are NOT SUPPLIED BY Xylem, but are
recommended for the installation of the underdrain and related equipment.
Mortar mixer (not a cement mixer)
Transit (should be a laser)
Portland cement (see Appendix I)
Sand (see Appendix I)
Sikaflex 1A or FDA and NSF approved equal
Wood for wedging (may be scrap 2" x 4" to cut onsite)
Epoxy for anchor rod installation (if not embedded during pouring of floor.)
Suitable epoxy systems: EPCON C6 or Hilti RE500
Two rubber mallets
Two torpedo levels

Two 4' levels

Staple gun with 3/8" or 1/2" staples
Two flat shovels
Five 5-gallon buckets
Two trowels
Flashlight
Traffic cone
5-7 laborers
Sufficient number of chip boards or foam boards (to cover underdrain lateral
during/after installation)
Roofing paper (if required)
2.1.5 Air Scour Installation

If the project has a drop-pipe air scour system, it can be installed when desired as
shown in Figure 2-3A or Figure 2-3B.
The air header must be level to 1/8 (3mm). For dual bay filters, the average elevation
between the headers in each bay must be within 1/4 (6mm).
2.1.6 Anchor Rod Installations

CAUTION: The anchor rod and epoxy installation are critical to obtaining
proper strength of the underdrain structure. Failure to: 1) install the anchor rods
properly; 2) adhere to all dimensions including but not limited to location, hole
size, height, and depth embedment; and 3) follow the epoxy manufacturers
instructions in their entirety may result in a reduced strength underdrain
structure and/or failure of the underdrain system.
The locations, spacing and the height of the anchor rods shall be as shown on the
approved project drawings. The height of the anchor rods shall be measured from the
highest point of the filter floor and the top of all the anchor rods shall be on the same
elevation within 1/4" (6mm).
The size and depth of the holes shall be per the approved project drawings and the
application of the epoxy material shall be in strict accordance with the epoxy
manufacturers instructions.
The anchor rod installation procedure shall be as follows:
1. Drill holes into the existing concrete floor in the location shown on the approved
project drawings to a minimum depth of 5 (127mm). The drill bit size shall be in
accordance with the epoxy manufacturers instructions.
2. Clean each hole thoroughly using a wire brush, vacuum, compressed air, and
any other equipment necessary in accordance with the epoxy manufacturers
instructions.

3. Thoroughly clean the anchor rod to ensure no foreign matter or substances are
on the rod that might prevent the epoxy from bonding properly.
4. Loosely connect the horizontal and vertical components of the anchor rod
assembly. This will allow for ease of alignment and allow the vertical components
to rotate as necessary.
5. Apply the epoxy in the hole starting from the bottom and working upward until the
proper amount of epoxy is deposited in accordance with the epoxy
manufacturers instructions.
6. Install the anchor rod to a depth of 5 (127mm) into the hole using the proper
motion in accordance with the epoxy manufacturers instructions.
7. Allow the epoxy to cure in accordance with the epoxy manufacturers instructions
before proceeding.
8. After the epoxy has cured, a non-destructive vertical pull test shall be performed
on 100% of the anchors (both legs). This pull test shall be conducted by the
Xylem Field Service Representative and the procedure shall be as follows:
a. Using the test equipment supplied by Xylem, load each anchor to be
tested with 3,200 lbs (14,234 N) tension in 1,600 lb increments (7,117 N).
b. After reaching 3,200 lbs (14,234 N), hold the load for 1 minute. All test
results shall be documented and included in the service report.
c. Any anchor that fails to reach 3,200 lbs (14,234 N) or shows signs of
slippage will be considered a failure.
d. In the event of a failed anchor, install a replacement anchor in accordance
with all applicable instructions and retest.
NOTE: The required torque for 1,600 lbs (7,117 N) is 15 ft-lbs (20.3 N-m). The
required torque for 3,200 lbs (14,234 N) is 30 ft-lbs (40.7 N-m). The torque is
based on dry (un-lubricated) stainless steel threads.
CAUTION: Do not proceed with underdrain installation until the anchor

rods have successfully passed the pull test.
9. After testing is complete, set the final elevation of the horizontal member of the
anchor rod by rotating the bottom nut. The top of the horizontal member should
be set in relation to the highest elevation of the filter floor. See project drawings
for horizontal member dimension.
NOTE: Do not install horizontal crossbar until the preceding lateral has been set.
10. Lock the horizontal member in place by tightening the top nut against the top of
the horizontal member.
NOTE: During the installation of the underdrain laterals, the anchor rod elevations and
positions shall be verified and final adjustments may be required.
2.1.7 Orifice Plate Installation

CAUTION: Proper installation of the orifice plate is critical to obtaining good
filter performance and structural integrity of the filter.
Installation of the orifice plate shall be as follows (refer to the Xylem project drawings).
1. Refer to approved arrangement drawings for installation elevation of orifice plate.

2. Seal the orifice plate to the wall with the appropriate caulking. If the gap between
the wall and the orifice plate exceeds 3/8 (10mm), then apply grout to the clean
wall with bonding agent to reduce gaps to less than 3/8 (10mm).
3. Weld the joints between the stainless steel orifice plates. For FRP orifice plates,
use caulking to seal the butt-plate between joints.
4. Install the wall anchors first using the orifice plate as a template.
5. Install the base anchors and do not bend the orifice plate leg down from
horizontal.
6. Fill the gap below the orifice plate with grout. If the gap between the base of the
orifice plate and the floor is less than 3/8 (10mm), then fill the gap with
appropriate caulking and do not block any wall or orifice plate openings with
grout.
CAUTION: Blocking wall and/or orifice plate openings with grout or
caulking may impede entry of water or air into a lateral resulting in poor
filter distribution.
7. Apply caulking to the orifice plate so that the caulking will make contact with the
end plate of the underdrain. Apply caulking liberally to insure a perimeter seal
around primary triangular opening of the underdrain.
8. Lay the base grout for the underdrain lateral on a clean floor but do not put grout
on the base leg of the orifice plate.
9. Install the assembled underdrain lateral against the orifice plate opening on the
bottom leg and below the top alignment tab.
10. Install the wedges at the opposite end of the lateral to hold it tightly against the
orifice plate.
2.2 Underdrain Lateral Assembly

CAUTION: Do not proceed with assembly and installation of underdrain
laterals until a Xylem Field Service Representative has provided instruction.
2.2.1 General
Each lateral run should be assembled completely per Section 2.2.3. For outdoor
installations when the ambient temperature is greater than 90F (32C) and in direct
sunlight, the underdrain laterals should be assembled under a roof or tarp and stacked
in or about the filter prior to installation. The assembled laterals should be covered with
chip boards or foam boards and should be installed in the base grout per Section 2.3.4
within 72 hours of assembly.
2.2.2 Recommended Handling Procedures

Based on the length of the lateral, it is necessary to provide the minimum support as
shown in Figure 2-4 when handling and moving the assembled laterals.

2.2.3 Assembly of Laterals

The laterals are assembled from the appropriate number of standard, flume and make-
up blocks in accordance with the approved project drawings. The Xylem Field Service
Representative shall instruct the contractor in proper assembly and installation of the
underdrain. Instructions provided by the Xylem Field Service Representative shall be
strictly adhered to.
The procedure shall be as follows:
1. The groove of the tongue and groove joint as shipped is filled with a synthetic
rubber sealant, which is covered with protective tape. This tape must be
removed and the sealant be inspected. If the groove is not fully filled with the
sealant, an additional bead of 1/8" (3mm) diameter caulking must be added to
the groove.
2. Place ring gasket in the exterior groove on spigot end of block making sure the
O-ring splice is located at the bottom of the block. See Figure 2-5.
3. Assemble the filter blocks using the block assembly tool.
a. The blocks should be examined for straightness of the internal walls
before assembly.
b. If the walls are bowed outward, use 2 x 4 as shown in Figure 2-6 inserted
into the block to straighten the walls just before assembly with the block
assembly tool. This does not apply to Type XA underdrain.
4. Insert the spigot end of one block into the bell end of another block but do not
force them together.
5. Use the Assembly Tool (See Figure 2-7) to pull the blocks together. Initially,
slowly pull the blocks together until the bell just makes contact with the O-ring. If
the O-ring dislodges from the spigot, press it back into place with your fingers.
Then, proceed pulling the blocks together.
6. Make sure the adjustment screws on the tool are adjusted tight enough so that all
snap lugs on the spigot are seated into the receptors in the bell. Check this
adjustment periodically.
7. The tongue and groove joints must be inspected as follows:
NOTE: If the joint is not properly assembled it shall be taken apart and corrected. If
the tongue and groove is excessively deformed, reject the part and start with a new
piece. When it is certain that the inside joint is properly assembled, check to make
sure the O-ring is in the groove.
a. Examine each joint after assembly of that joint. Check the entire length of
the triangular joint, both sides of the tongue and groove to make sure the
joint is properly engaged, with a flashlight and a mirror on each block.
b. Make certain that all of the interlock tabs on the inside perimeter of the bell
end are properly seated. See Figure 2-8.
c. When a plate is welded on the end of the block, the tongue joint must be
examined through the top deck holes.

CAUTION: Each joint must be inspected. Assembly with leak-free joints

must be accomplished. Quality control of this procedure is the responsibility of
the contractor and Xylem certification shall not relieve the contractor of this
responsibility.
8. End Plates - Just before installing the end plate, look down the lateral and make
sure it is clean. The end plate has to be caulked with a urethane sealant
(Sikaflex 1A, NOT SUPPLIED BY Xylem) and press fit in place. Add the caulking
in the corresponding grooves and around the top perimeter of the end plate that
match with the triangular walls and outside edges. The objective is to seal the
end of the last block in the lateral. See Figure 2-9. End plates must be held in
place during lateral placement by stapling into the lateral walls.
After the lateral is set in the base grout (see Section 2.3 Installation), blocks or
wedges as shown in Figure 2-10 should be used to hold the end plates in place
until end grout is placed.
NOTE: If this is not done properly, the end plate may pull off and leak.
2.3 Underdrain Installation

CAUTION: The underdrain laterals shall be installed in strict accordance
with these instructions and the approved project drawings. Special attention
shall be paid to the levelness and full penetration of cement grout at the joints
between the laterals. Fill grout between laterals must be installed within 24 hours
after the laterals are set on the base grout.
2.3.1 Protection of Underdrain Laterals

After the entire process of grouting has been completed, and when the final fill grout has
set up, the underdrain laterals shall be immediately and completely covered with chip
boards or foam boards until water is available to flood the filter. The filter cell shall be
flooded with at least 6 (150mm) of water over the top of the underdrain laterals. The
boards or water are expected to protect the underdrain from debris and extreme
temperature differentials, until the filter media is installed. If the filters are flooded with
water, they will have to be periodically chlorinated to prevent biological growth.
It is recommended that the filter media be installed within approximately three (3)
months to protect the underdrain. When I.M.S. Media Retainers are used the media
should be installed with water covering the retainers. If there is no water over the
retainers and the media effective size is less than 0.75mm, then install a minimum of 2
(50mm) of support gravel in the range of 1.0mm to 2.0mm before installing the filter
media being careful not to disturb the gravel. Leave the filter drain valve open and
cover the filter media with suitable covering that will last until the filters will be put into
operation.

2.3.2 Level Tolerances

Air Header - The air header must be level to 1/8" (3mm). For dual bay filters, the mean
elevation between the headers in each bay must be within 1/4 (6mm).
Underdrain Laterals - Each underdrain lateral should be level to within 1/4" (6mm).
Between laterals, the level should be within 1/4" (6mm) from grade, across each filter
bay and 1/2 (12mm) across dual bays. When the level is checked with a laser or
transit, readings should be taken at the center of the various blocks.
It is helpful in installing the filter to strike a grade line around the filter wall as a guide.
This line should be measured using the Installation Grade Line found on the contract
drawings and from the high spot in the floor.
2.3.3 Grout Specifications

CAUTION: Failure to use the recommended grout and prepare it properly
may result in a reduced strength underdrain structure and/or failure of the
underdrain system.
See Appendix 1 for recommended grout specifications. If the grout specifications
recommended herein are in conflict with those in the ENGINEERS specifications,
consult Xylem before proceeding.
The mixture of sand, cement and water in correct proportions shall be mixed in a small
batch mortar mixer until there is a uniform distribution of materials and shall be
discharged completely before the mixer is recharged. The cement grout shall then be
used immediately with the same consistency.
The consistency of the base grout shall be heavy enough to support the weight of the
lateral. If the grout is too wet, the lateral will float up and down or bounce and cant be
leveled correctly. The consistency of the fill grout could be thinner than that for the base
grout. However, it is not recommended to use an extreme thin fill grout since shrinkage
could present a problem.

2.3.4 Setting the Underdrain Laterals - General

When moving the underdrain laterals, LIFT IT - DONT SLIDE IT. If you must slide it, tip
it up on a corner and slide it on the surface as shown in Figure 2-11.
1. Use assembled lateral to estimate locations of base grout strips and mark with
landscape paint (see Figure 2.3-1)
2. Lay base grout in strips roughly 28 (710mm) wide x 2 1/2 (65mm) deep for each
block in lateral
Figure 2.3-1
3. Place lateral into grout strips applying sufficient pressure to bed and level it. DO
NOT USE A HAMMER FOR ALIGNMENT AS THIS WILL DAMAGE THE
BLOCK.
4. Level lateral with using 4 bubble level and 2x4 along the top of the ribs on the
block, or I.M.S Media Retainer, and tapping it with a rubber mallet. If the block
is excessively high, dig out the excess grout to level it

5. Place a block behind the end plate and insert a wedge behind block to hold the
end plates in place until end grout is placed (see Figure 2.3-2).
Figure 2.3-2
6. Continue installing each lateral using the spacing shown on project drawings with
the procedure above
Figure 2.3-3

7. This method allows fill grout to flow into grout pocket under block
Figure 2.3-4
8. Stop laying laterals 3 rows from the opposite filter wall to allow working room and
eliminate need to walk on a row with fresh grout. The last three rows are placed
after the initial base grout has set up.
9. Important: Cover underdrain with chip or foam boards immediately after fill
grouting has been completed.
The boards will protect the laterals from sunlight and will also keep heat inside
the laterals at night when the air temperature drops. It will also protect the
laterals from construction debris.
Cover Only Foam board no less than 1 (25mm) thick
Working Surface Chip board
Heavy Equipment 1/2 (13mm) plywood or 5/8 (16mm) chip board. Equipment
such as yard buckets or wheelbarrows can then be used on this working surface.
Boards should also be placed under ladders, scaffolds, etc., on the top of the
work surface to prevent damage to the top deck of the laterals.
10. Laterals must remain covered until next day when base grout has set up, then
joints between laterals are ready for fill grout (see section 2.3.6)
2.3.5 Wall Sleeve Installation Orifice Plate

Begin by assembling the blocks into full lateral lengths according to the specific
arrangement drawings for the particular project, as discussed previously in Section
2.2.3.
1. Lay a nominal 3/4-1" (20-25mm) of base grout for the entire length of the lateral
and of sufficient width (~12" [300mm]) to accommodate a single lateral. The
grout bed depth shall be measured from the high point of the filter floor. Begin
with the lateral nearest a side wall.
2. Seal the end of the lateral with urethane sealant (Sikaflex 1A or equal, NOT
SUPPLIED BY Xylem) as shown in Figure 2-12. Apply sealant to the end plate
welded to the entry block and across the top of the apex of the primary lateral.

3. Pick up the lateral and butt it against the orifice plate or wall containing the wall
sleeve. If there is no orifice plate and the wall sleeve protrudes from the wall,
make sure that the lateral fits over it.
NOTE: It is advisable to strike a line denoting the centerline of the wall sleeve to
aid in orientation of the lateral.
4. Push the lateral down (maintaining contact with the orifice plate or wall) until it
encounters the base grout.
5. Apply pressure to bed the lateral onto the base grout. The intent is for the entry
block to fit tight against the orifice plate or wall and be completely sealed. DO
NOT grout the top surface of the entry block.
6. Seal the seam along the top of the entry block and the orifice plate and along top
of orifice plate and wall with epoxy gel (Sikadur 31 Hi-mod gel or equal).
(See Figure 2.3-5)
Figure 2.3-5
2.3.6 Wall Sleeve Installation Insert

CAUTION: Proper installation of the wall insert is critical to obtaining good
filter performance and structural integrity of the filter.
Installation of the wall insert shall be as follows (refer to the Xylem project drawings).
1. Refer to approved arrangement drawings for installation elevation of wall insert
leveling angle and side wall seal angles.
2. Mark a line on the wall for the top of the angles based off of the high point in the
filter floor.
3. Install the wall anchors for the leveling angle(s) using the angle as a template.
The leveling angle(s) must be installed to within 1/8 from one end of the filter to
the other end.
NOTE: The tolerance of the leveling angle is critical to the operation of the
underdrain laterals.
4. Install anchors for side wall seal angles as shown on Xylem project drawings.
Drill through PVC angle when drilling holes into concrete.

5. Attach leveling angle and side wall seal angles to walls with installed anchors.
6. Lay stiff base grout on floor per section titled Setting the Underdrain Laterals
General.
In addition to the standard grout strips between the grout pockets, install a 4
(100mm) wide section of grout against a 2x4 set against the wall in the long
direction to prevent fill grout from entering behind wall inserts.
Refer to approved arrangement drawings for grout depth.
CAUTION: Blocking wall and/or orifice plate openings with grout or caulking
may impede entry of water or air into a lateral resulting in poor filter distribution.
7. Remove 2x4 from behind the stiff base grout.
8. Apply caulking (Sikaflex 1A or equal) to cut end of underdrain flume block (see
Figure 2.3-1).
Figure 2.3-1
9. Slide wall insert into the primary of the underdrain flume block and press firmly to
set caulking.
10. Apply caulking to the wall insert (see Figure 2.3-2 and Figure 2.3-3).

Figure 2.3-2 Figure 2.3-3

11. Apply caulking to face of side wall seal angle which will mate with back of insert.
12. Starting with the lateral on the right when facing the flume wall, install the
assembled underdrain laterals with the wall insert into the basin as shown on the
approved arrangement drawings pressing the insert firmly against the wall and
side wall sealing angle.
NOTE: First and last inserts will need to be trimmed to fit filter width (see
Figure 2.3-4 and Figure 2.3-5). Insert anchors should be installed
approximately 1 (25mm) from edge of cut side at both ends of filter.
Figure 2.3-4 Figure 2.3-5

13. Install the wood wedges at the opposite end of the lateral to hold it tightly against
the wall.
14. Drill a clearance hole through the molded boss at the top right hand corner of the
wall inserts and into the wall behind. Refer to anchor manufacturer instructions
for size and depth of hole.
15. Install anchors provided per manufacturers instructions.

16. Apply a 45o fillet of stiff grout between the wall and lateral from the top of the
insert to the floor to create a seal to prevent fill grout from entering behind the
insert (see Figure 2.3-6).
Figure 2.3-6
17. Repeat steps 6-10 and 12-15 for the next and all subsequent laterals overlapping
each insert over the last until the final lateral is reached.
18. Repeat all steps 6-16 for the final lateral.
19. After the fill grout has been installed (per section titled Grouting the Spaces
between Laterals) and cured, apply Sika 32 bonding agent to wall above insert,
insert, and underdrain block then install a grout fillet above insert and extending
onto underdrain block.
20. Seal the seam along the top of the entry block and insert and along top of insert
and wall with epoxy gel (Sikadur 31 Hi-mod gel or equal). (See Figure 2.3-5)
Figure 2.3-5
2.3.7 Grouting the Spaces between Lateral

CAUTION: Failure to prevent grout from getting into the p`rimary lateral of
the flume block may result in poor filter performance and/or failure of the

underdrain system. Proper installation of the Grout-Tite bridges seals off the
flume from the fill grout.
The fill grout at the joints between laterals provides structural strength to the underdrain
for all loading conditions. The grout at the joints between laterals and the base grout
can then form a solid monolithic structure to hold the laterals in place.
Within 24 hours after the laterals have been properly bedded in base grout, the spaces
between the laterals should be filled with flowable grout as soon as the base grout has
set. Make sure that each lateral is completely sealed and impervious to any run-in
before starting the grouting.
CAUTION: Failure to achieve full penetration or to place fill grout within

24 hours of setting the base grout may result in a reduced strength underdrain
structure and possible failure of the underdrain system.
When the laterals are covered with boards, remove the cover only for those laterals that
are to be grouted. The laterals shall then be covered again soon after the completion of
the grout process.
Two recommended procedures to help in the grouting process are: a traffic cone used
as a funnel or a 20-gauge steel splash board. See Figures 2-14 and 2-15.
1. Pour grout against the splash board and trowel into place.
2. Allow the grout to flow freely all the way down to completely meet with the base
grout. Neither air spaces nor voids are allowed between the fill grout and the
base grout, nor shall air pockets be allowed in the fill grout.
3. Tamp and work the fill grout down and penetrate all the voids using asteel bar or
similar device.
4. Ensure that all the spaces around the anchor rods are properly grouted.
5. Extend grout to within (6mm) of the laterals as shown in Figure 2-14 and
clean up any spillage.
6. Ensure all orifices and recesses are open and clean of grout and debris.
7. Cover all underdrain laterals with the chip or foam boards immediately after fill
grouting procedure is complete. The laterals must remain covered with boards
until water or filter media is available to cover the filter underdrain as was
described in Section 2.3.1.
8. Place grout fillet along the ends of the lateral and the filter wall, extending onto
the top surface of the underdrain as shown in Figure 2-16. The grout fillet should
be placed at the same time as the spaces between the laterals are grouted to
insure a good bond. The fillets along the end of the lateral at the wall may cover
one row of holes on the underdrain or the installed I.M.S Media Retainer up to
the first screw.

2.3.8 Installation with I.M.S Media Retainer

It is essential that the I.M.S Media Retainer be kept clean during grouting procedures.
The exposed Media Retainers are then immediately covered with a 30 lb. roofing paper
(or stronger to resist tearing).
1. Begin with a full-width sheet the length of the laterals.
2. Cut another piece off the width of one lateral, as shown on Figure 2-17.
3. Apply grout as shown in Figure 2-14 and Figure 2-15 over the joint opening on
the roofing paper.
4. Slide the widest sheet to the next joint
5. Lift the narrow sheet to the next lateral.
6. Continue this method throughout entire filter.
Normally, the paper will last for 10-15 laterals. Once the paper is torn
excessively, discard it and begin with a new sheet as above. The intent is to
prevent any grout from coming in contact with the top surface of the I.M.S
Media Retainer and plugging it. It is the contractors responsibility to keep the
I.M.S Media Retainer clean during installation.
CAUTION: Any damage to an I.M.S Media Retainer will require

replacement by an authorized Xylem Field Service Representative. Do not
attempt to operate the underdrains if there are damaged or dirty I.M.S Media
Retainers.
7. Cover all underdrain laterals with the chip or foam boards immediately after fill
grouting procedure is complete. The laterals must remain covered with boards
until water or filter media is available to cover the filter underdrain as was
described in Section 2.3.1.
2.3.9 Final Checks

After the underdrain has been completely set and grouted it should be checked carefully
as follows:
1. Standard Underdrain: Ensure that all orifices in the top surface of each block are
open and free of foreign materials and the block is not broken or damaged.
2. Underdrain with I.M.S Media Retainer: Ensure that the entire I.M.S Media
Retainer is clean and free of any grout or debris, and not broken or damaged.
3. Allow grout to cure for 3 days before conducting a backwash.
4. Prior to placement of the gravel and media, the filter should be tested in
accordance with procedures found in the specifications. If there are no specified
test procedures, the filter should be tested in accordance with procedures found
in Section 3.2 of this manual. Typically, no gravel will be provided on installation
with I.M.S Media Retainer. (Check the approved Xylem project drawings for
exceptions to special conditions).
5. The filter is now ready for the placement of gravel and/or media. If any delay is
encountered between the completion of installation, the testing or placement of

the gravel and media, the underdrain should be covered with approximately 3
feet (1m) of clean and disinfected water or with chip or foam boards to protect it
from possible damage.
2.3.10 Block Modifications

DO NOT MODIFY BLOCKS WITHOUT APPROVAL.
CAUTION: Modification of blocks without approval in writing from the

Xylem Project Manager may void the manufacturers warranty.


Figure 2-1 GENERAL FLUME ARRANGEMENT
Figure 2-2 WALL BLOCK FILTER ARRANGEMENT
Figure 2-2B WALL INSERT ARRANGEMENT
Figure 2-3A DROP PIPE AIR SCOUR SYSTEM
Figure 2-3B DROP PIPE AIR SCOUR SYSTEM
Figure 2-4 UNDERDRAIN LATERAL HANDLING REQUIREMENTS
Figure 2-5 O-RING GASKETS
Figure 2-6 OUTWARDLY BOWED WALLS
Figure 2-7 ASSEMBLY TOOL
Figure 2-8 BELL AND SPIGOT ASSEMBLY
Figure 2-9 END PLATE SEAL
Figure 2-10 END PLATE AND WEDGE
Figure 2-11 SLIDING UNDERDRAIN
Figure 2-12 WALL BLOCK SEALANT
Figure 2-14 CONE
Figure 2-15 SPLASH BOARD
Figure 2-16 GROUT FILLET
Figure 2-17 I.M.S. CAP PROTECTION













START-UP
3 START-UP
CAUTION: Failure to follow proper start-up and testing procedures,
warranty.
3.1 START UP PROCEDURE

3.1.1 Introduction
The Leopold, a xylem brand, Underdrain Systems have been designed and
manufactured to give many years of service when properly installed. It is necessary,
however, to take special precautions during start-up.
When an underdrain installation is backwashed for the first time, the piping and
underdrain laterals are susceptible to surges of hydrodynamic forces. These forces rise
whenever the velocity or direction of flow is changed, such as at entrances and end of
laterals and at tees, elbows, etc. The magnitude of the hydrodynamic force is directly
related to volumetric flow rate and velocity.
Another force results from the development of internal pressures as the primary
underdrain lateral fills with water. During this time, most of the fluid runs freely down
that lateral. The flow rate and velocity are abnormally high as the water reaches the
end of the lateral, where the velocity energy is converted to pressure. This excessive
pressure may cause damage.
A similar pressure problem may be encountered if air is trapped in the piping system.
Unrelieved air will be compressed, leading to constricted flow passages, hydrodynamic
forces and internal pressure. If the air is relieved in an uncontrolled manner, the
resultant water velocity gradient could cause water hammer resulting in upset gravel
and possibly structural damage.
CAUTION: The backwash rate must be limited to a rate that will not
generate a differential pressure (net internal pressure) across the underdrain
greater than 750 psf (5.2 psi [0.359 bar]). This is typically about 40 gpm/sf (98
m/hr). Also, filter systems using gravel for supporting the filter media must limit
the maximum backwash rate to 25 gpm/sf (61 m/hr) to prevent gravel disruption
uness a special gravel design has been provided.

START-UP
3.1.2 Recommended Startup Procedure

The following steps are recommended:
1. Check for post-installation damage to the underdrain and I.M.S Media Retainer.
If damaged, contact the Xylem Project Manager.
2. Assure that all orifice holes and all depressions around the orifices in the top
deck are open. If I.M.S Media Retainer is supplied, insure that it is free of
grout, dirt and debris.
3. The contractor shall review the piping system and insure that air release valves
have been installed at all relative high points and are operational. Vacuum check
valves must be installed on any air release valves on piping subject to negative
pressures. The entire wash water piping system must be free of air before
backwashing. This may require a water pressurization system to SLOWLY fill
the system with an external water supply.
CAUTION: If the system drains between backwashes, it must be refilled
and repressurized each time. If this occurs, the system must be checked for
proper operation.
CAUTION: Do not use the agitator system to fill the system. This may
result in media loss and/or damage to agitator bearings.
CAUTION: Never start the backwash pump against an open system, i.e.
with valves open between the pump and the filter. If the system uses a head tank,
never introduce water quickly from the head tank.
4. Set the valves or flow controllers to about 10% of design backwash rate (1-2
gpm/sf [2.5-5 m/hr]) and start the flow slowly. Allow adequate time for trapped air
to escape.
5. Carefully and thoroughly inspect the system, and correct any problems. Look for
any sign of distress or movement in the system, repair leaks, etc.
6. Adjust the valves in a series of steps, (each time increasing flow by 1-2 gpm/sf
[2.5-5 m/hr]) until the design rate is reached. This stepwise procedure must be
followed to insure complete removal of trapped air. It may be necessary to alter
the operation of some valves in order to do this. Check the system at each step.
Do not increase backwash flow to a higher setting until all visual/audible air
expulsion has stopped.
7. At the end of the backwash, reduce the flow by 1-2 gpm/sf (2.5-5 m/hr)
increments until it stops. Check the system at each step.
NOTE: The previous guidelines emphasize two principles: 1) make changes in flow
slowly and 2) eliminate all air from the system. Adherence to these guidelines can help
protect the underdrain and insure reliable performance.
3.2 TESTING
Prior to placement of the support gravel and filter media it is necessary to test the
underdrain for proper installation. All installations must be tested with water as
described below. Systems that include air as part of the backwash cycle must also be
tested with air.
CAUTION: Before the gravel or filter media is installed, the filter control
system shall be fully tested in automatic on empty filters and approved for

START-UP
automatic operation to insure that all equipment and devices perform and
sequence as designed.
3.2.1 Preparation for Testing

In order to test the underdrain, it is necessary that the backwash (and air scour) flow
systems be checked out and operational.
1. All open/close filter valves shall have been recently exercised and are fully
operational.
2. All flow control loops shall be tested, calibrated and functional.
3. Backwash pumps shall have been run and tested.
4. All air release and vacuum check valves must be verified as operational and
functional.
5. The blower and its relief and venting systems shall be operational.
6. An adequate supply of clean, disinfected backwash water shall be available for
testing.
7. Testing personnel should be adequately trained to operate the system without
causing hydraulic surges (water hammer), which can damage the integrity of the
filter.
3.2.2 Hydraulic (Water) Testing

1. After the grout has cured for at least three (3) days, the surface of the underdrain
should be inspected for clogged orifices. Debris must be removed and
discarded. If I.M.S Media Retainer pores are clogged the Media Retainers will
have to be replaced. Contact the Xylem Project Manager for assistance.
2. Using clean disinfected water, the filter should be filled through the backwash
piping at a slow rate of approximately 2 gpm/sf (5 m/hr).
3. Continue filling with backwash water until the water level is about 6" (150mm)
above the underdrain.
4. Stop filling and drain the filter until the water level just falls below top of
underdrain, i.e. the water can't be seen.
5. Inspect underdrain surface and remove any debris that may have been flushed
up to the surface.
6. Start filling again. Over a period of 1-2 minutes, increase the water rate to 15-20
GPM/SF (37-49 m/hr) or the specified maximum backwash rate. As the water is
rising, look for localized turbulence or boils. The pattern should be reasonably
uniform over the entire filter surface. If in doubt, repeat procedure.
7. If the pattern is uneven or there is localized turbulence or boils, lower water level
and inspect the underdrain for plugged orifices, clogged I.M.S Media Retainer,
bad joints, or displaced end plates. Repair as necessary and retest.
8. After all hydraulic testing has been successfully completed and if the filter
employs air scour, proceed to air testing.

START-UP
3.2.3 Air Testing

For those filter systems employing air scour to assist during backwash, it is necessary
to test the underdrain for a proper air pattern. This should only be accomplished after
successfully completing a hydraulic test.
Prior to starting the air, insure that the blower and all valves and flow measuring devices
are operational.
1. Fill the empty filter through the backwash system to a water level 4-6" (100-
150mm) above the top of the bare underdrain.
CAUTION: The blower system shall have a rate control valve. Systems
that employ a positive displacement type blower system shall have an automatic
vent (bypass) to atmosphere valve.
2. Positive displacement blowers will use a vent valve, while centrifugal blowers
may use an in-line throttling valve. Start a positive displacement blower with the
vent (bypass) valve open. Start a centrifugal blower with the throttling valve
closed. Start the blower and open the air isolation (inlet) valve on the filter.
NOTE: Adjust the rate control valve slowly to obtain the design air flow rate. Adjust
rate of flow from no flow to design flow over a period of approximately 60 seconds.
Never start the blower so that its full capacity is delivered to the filter immediately.
Refer also to the backwash and air scour sequence found later in this manual.
3. Check the air pattern in the filter. It should be reasonably uniform over the entire
surface.
4. If dead spots or rows are noticed, try adjusting the air rate (up to down) to obtain
a better pattern.
5. If certain areas show excessive air shut down the blower, drain the filter and
examine the underdrain for punctures, bad joints, or loose end plates.
NOTE: If structural damage to the plastic or misaligned internal joints is found, it will be
necessary to do a fusion weld repair. Contact the Xylem Project Manager for
assistance.
3.2.4 Concurrent Air and Water Testing

For those filter systems employing concurrent air and water to assist during backwash,
it is necessary to test the underdrain for a proper air/water pattern. This should only be
accomplished after successfully completing a hydraulic test and air scour test.
All the conditions required for the hydraulic and air testing apply to the concurrent air
and water testing.
1. In most cases, start with a water level 4-6" (100-150mm) above the top of the
bare underdrain.
2. Positive displacement blowers will use a vent valve, while centrifugal blowers
may use an in-line throttling valve. Start a positive displacement blower with the

START-UP
vent (bypass) valve open. Start a centrifugal blower with the throttling valve
closed. Start the blower and open the air isolation (inlet) valve on the filter.
NOTE: Adjust the rate control valve slowly to obtain the design air flow rate. Adjust
rate of flow from no flow to design flow over a period of approximately 60 seconds.
Never start the blower so that its full capacity is delivered to the filter immediately.
Refer also to the concurrent air/water sequence found later in this manual.
3. After a reasonably uniform air pattern is established at the specified concurrent
air rate over the entire filter surface, slowly introduce the backwash water to the
specified concurrent rate.
4. Check the air/water pattern in the filter. It should be reasonably uniform over the
entire surface.
5. If dead spots or rows are noticed, try adjusting the air and water rates slightly (up
or down) to obtain a better pattern.
6. If certain areas show excessive air shut down the blower, drain the filter and
examine the underdrain for punctures, bad joints, or loose end plates.
NOTE: If structural damage to the plastic or misaligned internal joints is found, it will be
necessary to do a fusion weld repair. Contact the Xylem Project Manager for
assistance.

OPERATION
4 OPERATION
CAUTION: Failure to follow proper operating procedures, instructions,
recommendations and cautions may void the manufacturers warranty.
4.1 GENERAL
Since the Leopold, a xylem brand, Underdrain and associated filter system will be
operated as only one part of a fully integrated water or wastewater treatment plant and
because the filter control system may be existing or provided by others, it is the
responsibility of the CONTRACTOR or ENGINEER to ensure that the control system is
designed to operate as recommended. Once placed into operation, it is the
responsibility of the OWNER to ensure the system is operated as recommended.
CAUTION: While the following items may be addressed in detail in other
sections of this manual, disregarding them may result in poor filter performance,
equipment damage or failure of the underdrain system.
1. Never backwash the filters with dirty water.
2. Never backwash the system without adequate flow measurement and flow
control devices operational.
3. Never subject the underdrain to hydraulic surges (water hammer) caused by
turning pumps on with the valves open or by quickly opening the backwash
valves.
4. Never increase the water backwash rate to a high value before purging air from
the underdrain and media.
5. Never fill any dry filter, at any time, from the top.
6. Never subject the filter, during filtration, to frequent major changes in flow rate.
7. Perform periodic disinfection of the filter to reduce biological or algal growth.
8. Provide and maintain accurate flow monitoring and control equipment for the
water and air backwash systems.
9. Always operate the plant in accordance with the recommended procedures.
4.2 RECOMMENDED BACKWASHING PROCEDURES

CAUTION: All rate control valves shall open and close smoothly with a
minimum 60 second cycle time.
4.2.1 Water Only (Agitator System)

1. Close the influent valve to allow the filter to operate until the water level is
lowered to the trough weir.
2. Close effluent valve and open wash water drain valve.
3. Open filter agitator supply valve gradually until maximum rotation of the agitator
is reached (if used). (8-12 rpm, maximum, depending upon available operating
pressure.)
4. Open the backwash valve gradually until the desired backwash rate is attained.
If the filter configuration or media selection results in excessive media loss by
OPERATION
carryover during backwash, turn the surface wash agitators off before increasing
to the high rate.
NOTE: Operating the filter agitators for a period of 3-5 minutes during each
backwash is normally sufficient to maintain a filter in good condition and to
experience maximum backwash savings.
5. Close filter agitator supply valve to discontinue agitator operation 1-2 minutes
prior to terminating the filter backwash, thereby allowing the agitated filter media
to stratify and subside to a normal level bed when backwash is terminated.
6. Slowly close backwash valve when desired wash water clarity is attained.
7. Close wash water drain valve.
8. Open influent valve.
9. Rewash (rinse to waste) filters, if applicable. Then, open effluent valve to
resume filtering cycle.
NOTE: In older filters, with dirty or encrusted filter media, where surface agitators are
added in a rehabilitation program, a number of washing cycles may be required before
the filter media will be cleaned adequately.
4.2.2 Concurrent Air and Water

CAUTION: Failure to properly implement and utilize an air scour vent
valve with a positive displacement type blower may cause excessive stresses
during backwash and may result in equipment damage or failure of the
underdrain system.
CAUTION: Failure to incorporate a high loop in the air scour piping may
allow backwash water to damage blower equipment or cause excessive surges
during backwash that may result in equipment damage or failure of the
underdrain system.
lowered to about 6" (150mm) above the media surface.
2. Close effluent valve.
3. Open wash water drain.
4. Positive displacement blower option: Open blower vent valve.
Centrifugal blower option: Close the blower inlet valve.
5. Start blower with the filter air isolation valve closed.
6. Open filter air isolation valve.
7. Positive displacement blower option: Modulate vent valve to deliver design air
flow rate to the filter.
Centrifugal blower option: Modulate inlet control valve open to deliver design
and flow rate to the filter.
8. Scour filter for one to four minutes at a rate in the range of 3-5 scfm/sf
(55-91 m/hr).
9. Open filter backwash isolation valve.
10. Start backwash pump if applicable.
11. Open filter backwash valve.

OPERATION
12. Gradually modulate backwash rate valve open.

13. Begin concurrent air and water wash using the air rate established above and a
nominal water flow rate of 5 gpm/sf (12 m/hr).
14. When the rising water level reaches the bottom of the wash troughs,
Positive Displacement blower option: modulate air vent valve open slowly
[30 second minimum].
Centrifugal blower option: modulate inlet control valve closed slowly.
15. Close air isolation valve, and turn the blower off but continue the water at
5 gpm/sf (12 m/hr) to purge the media of residual air.
16. Immediately after air shutoff, gradually ramp up the water rate as required to
purge remaining air and transport the solids out of the media.
17. Backwash at the high rate for a sufficient time to remove trapped impurities.
18. Gradually reduce the wash rate to shut off over a one (1) minute period
(minimum).
19. Turn off backwash pump if applicable and close backwash isolation valve.
20. Close waste valve.
22. Rewash (rinse to waste) filter if applicable.
23. Open effluent valve and return to service.
4.2.3 Sequential Air and Water

CAUTION: Warnings for air scour systems in paragraph 4.2.2 apply to
sequential as well as concurrent mode of operation.
lowered to about 6" (150mm) above the media surface.
2. Close effluent valve.
3. Open waste valve.
4. Positive displacement blower option: Open blower vent valve.
5. Centrifugal blower option: Close the blower inlet valve.
6. Start blower.
7. Open filter air isolation valve.
8. Positive displacement blower option: Modulate vent valve to design air rate.
Centrifugal blower option: Modulate inlet control valve open to design air rate.
9. Scour filter for two to five minutes at a rate in the range of 3-5 scfm/sf
(55-91 m/hr). Modulate air control valve to reduce air rate slowly (60 seconds
minimum).
10. Positive displacement blower option: Open vent valve.
Centrifugal blower option: Shut inlet valve.
11. Close air isolation valves, and turn off the blower.
12. Open filter backwash isolation valve.
13. Start backwash pump.
14. Gradually modulate backwash rate valve open to a backwash rate of 5 gpm/sf
(12 m/hr) to begin purging air in the media.

OPERATION
15. After 3-5 minutes, gradually increase the water rate as required to purge
remaining air and transport the solids out of the media.
16. Backwash at the high rate for a sufficient time to remove trapped impurities.
17. Gradually reduce the wash rate to shut off after a one (1) minute period
(minimum).
18. Turn off backwash pump if applicable and close backwash isolation valve.
19. Close waste valve.
21. Rewash (rinse to waste) filter if applicable.
22. Open effluent valve and return to service.

MAINTENANCE
5 MAINTENANCE
CAUTION: Failure to follow proper maintenance procedures, instructions,
recommendations and cautions may void the manufacturers warranty.
5.1 GENERAL
No periodic maintenance of the underdrain is required. However, at any time the filter is
taken out of service and media and/or gravel are removed, the following should be
checked:
1. Make certain that all orifices in top of underdrain block are open.
2. I.M.S Media Retainer is a media barrier that is used to replace support gravel.
It is important that the I.M.S Media Retainer is inspected during regular media
change out procedures. Inspection should include, but not be limited to; pore
openings not clogged, screws secure and sealant intact. Should you require
inspection from a qualified Xylem Service Representative for such inspections,
please contact the Xylem Project Manager.
3. Check grout between laterals and at filter wall for deterioration. Repair/replace
as necessary.
4. Re-test bare underdrain as described in Section 4.2 of this manual.

WARRANTY, SERVICE, PARTS
6 WARRANTY, SERVICE, PARTS
Xylem
227 South Division Street
Zelienople, PA 16063 USA
PHONE: (724) 452-6300
FAX: (724) 452-1377
www.FBLeopold.com
6.1 GENERAL WARRANTY

CAUTION: Failure to follow all installation, operating and maintenance
procedures, instructions, recommendations and cautions may void the
manufacturers warranty.
Unless otherwise specifically agreed to in writing, Xylem offers a limited warranty for
defects in workmanship and material for all equipment sold for a period not to exceed
15 months from shipment or 12 months from initial operation, whichever occurs first.
Warranty replacement of components deemed by Xylem to be defective as a result of
design or manufacturing will be replaced at no cost within the warranty period.
Replacement shall not be construed to include labor for removal or reinstallation of the
unit or parts deemed defective.
To place a warranty claim, please contact our SERVICE DEPARTMENT at the address
shown above.
6.2 I.M.S Media Retainer WARRANTY

Unless otherwise specifically agreed to in writing, Xylem offers a limited warranty for
defects in workmanship and material for the I.M.S Media Retainer for a period not to
exceed 15 months from date of shipment or 12 months from initial operation,
whichever occurs first. Warranty replacement of components deemed by Xylem to be
defective as a result of design or manufacturing will be replaced at no cost within the
warranty period. Replacement shall not be construed to include labor for removal or
reinstallation of the unit or parts deemed defective.
CAUTION: The I.M.S Media Retainer product has been reviewed and
approved by Xylem for this particular application. Any modifications to the
treatment process, chemistry or otherwise, will require Xylems review and
approval for the I.M.S Media Retainer in the modified treatment process. Any
failure of the product as a result of any modifications of the treatment process,
chemistry or otherwise, are not covered under this or any other warranty.
WARRANTY, SERVICE, PARTS
6.3 SERVICE
Xylem Field Service is available for this equipment on a paid basis and can be arranged
by contacting the SERVICE DEPARTMENT at the above number.
NOTE: Forty-five (45) days notice is needed to schedule a Xylem Field Service
Representative.
6.4 PARTS
Reference to the Parts ID drawing(s) included within this manual will indicate those
replacement parts that are available to the owner/user.
Please contact the PARTS DEPARTMENT at the above number for assistance. Please
be certain to have the model number and the project location in hand. After installation
there are no replaceable parts needed for the Leopold, a xylem brand, Underdrain
System.

PRODUCT DATA
7 PRODUCT DATA
7.1 Appendix 1
CEMENT GROUT SPECIFICATIONS
FOR UNDERDRAIN LATERALS
______________________________________________________________________
7.1.1 General
Unless otherwise specified or recommended by the Design/Consulting Engineer
in the plans and specifications, the cement grout that is to be used for the
installation of Leopold, a xylem brand, filter underdrain laterals shall be prepared
and installed per these specifications.
7.1.2 Materials
7.1.2.1 Cement
Cement shall be standard brand Portland cement conforming to ASTM C150,
Type II, for general use. Cement that has become lumpy shall not be used.
7.1.2.2 Water
Water for mixing and curing shall be clean and clear potable water. The water
shall be considered potable if it meets the requirements of the local government
agencies. Agriculture water with total dissolved solids of 1000 mg/l or higher,
shall not be used.
7.1.2.3 Sand
Sand shall be clean and washed masonry sand per ASTM C144. When tested in
accordance with ASTM C144, 100% of sand particles shall pass No. 4 Sieve
(4.75mm) and not more than 4% of sand particles shall pass No. 200 Sieve
(0.075mm).
7.1.2.4 Chemical Admixtures

No chemical admixture is needed in most of the applications. The grout can be
mixed in a small batch and used immediately.
Air entraining admixtures shall not be used, as it would weaken the bonding
strength and tensile strength of the grout.
For mono-pour applications, a water reducing agent can be used with a lower
water-cement ratio to extend working time and maintain flowability.

PRODUCT DATA
7.1.3 Proportions
7.1.3.1 Cement-Sand Ratio
Cement-sand ratio by weight shall be 1:2, i.e., two portions of sand by weight
shall be used for one portion of cement by weight.
7.1.3.2 Water-Cementitious Materials Ratios

In normal practice, water-cement ratio of 0.50 to 0.55 can be used for base grout
and 0.61 to 0.67 for fill grout and mono-pour.
Base grout slump typically 5 6 (13 15 cm)
Fill grout and mono-pour slump typically 9 10 (23 25 cm)
7.1.4 Addendum for Sea Water

The water-cement ratio shall not exceed 0.45 by weight. This will require the
addition of a water reducing agent.
The sand shall be non-reactive in accordance with ASTM C289 or ASTM 1260.
Cement shall be standard brand Portland cement conforming to ASTM C150,
Type II or Type V.

PRODUCT DATA
7.2 UNDERDRAIN CURVES

PRODUCT ENGINEERING DATA
1800
Type XA Underdrain Headloss

1600
1400
1200
9.75m long lateral

Headloss, mm of water
8.53m long lateral

1000
7.32m long lateral
6.10m long lateral

800
4.88m long lateral
600
400
200
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Backwash Water Flow Rate, m/h
Notes:
The headloss indicated includes standard bottom entry losses. Contact the factory for
laterals with different feed arrangements.
November2015
PRODUCT ENGINEERING DATA
TypeXAUnderdrainMaldistribution
5.0
4.5
Underdrain
4.0 Lateral
Length
3.5
Malidistribution(%)
40'
3.0 36'
32'
2.5 28'
24'
2.0
1.5
20'
1.0
16'
0.5
0.0
5 10 15 20 25
BackwashWaterFlowRate,gpm/sf
NOTES:
1. THE MALDISTRIBUTION CURVES SHOWN HERE ARE FOR A SINGLE LATERAL RUN.
15-Aug-2013
Project Drawings
8 Project Drawings

09-18-17 F. B. Leopold Inc. Page 1
SW*BCALLEN*SOBOM_2 SOBOM_2
SO#... QTY-ORD MODEL#/PART#........ DESC.....................
I12247 896 180-474-001 TXU-48 STANDARD FILTER BL

OCK
28 I12247-TXU-1 UND ACCESSORIES-PLS
2 180-474-005 LIFT HANDLE TXU
6 108-399-170 ASSY TOOL TLU/TXU
896 I12247-TXU-5 UND WALL FLM INS TXU
28 I12247-TXU-4 PLASTIC INSET ACCESSORIES
896 107-010-160 TYPE XA WALL INSERT-A/W
896 108-TXU-002 UND MBB TXU
1 records selected. 8 values listed.

09-18-17 F. B. Leopold Inc. Page 1
SW*BCALLEN*BOMSEL Bill of Materials for All
REF..
BOM.NO.......... PARTS.DESC2.............. DESIG LI# PART#............... DESCRIPTION.............. P.TYPE QTY.... PARTNOTE.................
I12247-TXU-1 UND ACCESSORIES-PLS 1 107-010-027 END PLATE TXU (XA) TXU 32.00 A-2042 VACUUM FORMED HIPS
2 180-471-003 TXU O-RING .335 x 35"(XA) TXU 64.00 A-2043 50 DURO
I12247-TXU-4 PLASTIC INSET ACCESSORIES 1 I12247-TXU-4A LEVELING ANGLE "A" FRP 1.00 SEE DWG: I12247.70.02
2 I12247-TXU-4B LEVELING ANGLE "B" FRP 1.00 SEE DWG: I12247.70.02
3 I12247-TXU-4D 3/8"-16 X 3" EPOXY ANCHOR FRP 50.00
2 records listed.
Xylem zlm
1) The tissue in plants that brings water upward from the roots
2) A leading global water technology company
Were 12,500 people unified in a common purpose: creating

innovative solutions to meet our worlds water needs.
Developing new technologies that will improve the way water is
used, conserved, and re-used in the future is central to our work.
We move, treat, analyze, and return water to the environment,
and we help people use water efficiently, in their home, building,
factories and farms. In more than 150 countries, we have
strong, long-standing relationships with customers who know us
for our powerful combination of leading product brands and
applications expertise, based by a legacy of innovation.
For more information on how Xylem can help you, go to xyleminc.com
Xylem Inc
227 South Division Street
Visit our Web site for the latest version of this document and more
Zelienople, PA 16063 information
USA
The original instruction is in English. All non-English instructions are
Tel. +1.724.452.6300 translation of the original instruction.
Fax +1.724.452.1377
2011 Xylem Inc
www.xylem.com

XYLEM - Type XA Modules

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Type XA Underdrain

1 Receiving and Storage

Type XA Universal Flume Installation

Type XA Universal Flume Installation

SUBJECT CAUTION REF

Type XA Universal Flume Installation

1 Receiving and Storage

1.1 Loss or Damage in Transit

Type XA Universal Flume Installation

1.3 Field Assembly Figures

Type XA Universal Flume Installation

2 Assembly and Installation

2.1 Filter Preparation Instructions

CAUTION: A Xylem Field Service Representative must be present for the

2.1.2 Type of Filter Wall Sleeve

2.1.3 Checking Filter

Type XA Universal Flume Installation

CAUTION: Do not deviate from the approved project drawings without

CAUTION: Grout will not bond properly to epoxy admixtures, painted

2.1.4 Installation Materials and Equipment

Type XA Universal Flume Installation

Two 4' levels

2.1.5 Air Scour Installation

2.1.6 Anchor Rod Installations

Type XA Universal Flume Installation

CAUTION: Do not proceed with underdrain installation until the anchor

2.1.7 Orifice Plate Installation

1. Refer to approved arrangement drawings for installation elevation of orifice plate.

2.2 Underdrain Lateral Assembly

2.2.2 Recommended Handling Procedures

Type XA Universal Flume Installation

2.2.3 Assembly of Laterals

Type XA Universal Flume Installation

CAUTION: Each joint must be inspected. Assembly with leak-free joints

2.3 Underdrain Installation

2.3.1 Protection of Underdrain Laterals

Type XA Universal Flume Installation

2.3.2 Level Tolerances

2.3.3 Grout Specifications

Type XA Universal Flume Installation

2.3.4 Setting the Underdrain Laterals - General

Type XA Universal Flume Installation

Type XA Universal Flume Installation

2.3.5 Wall Sleeve Installation Orifice Plate

Type XA Universal Flume Installation

2.3.6 Wall Sleeve Installation Insert

Type XA Universal Flume Installation

Type XA Universal Flume Installation

Figure 2.3-2 Figure 2.3-3

Figure 2.3-4 Figure 2.3-5

Type XA Universal Flume Installation

2.3.7 Grouting the Spaces between Lateral

Type XA Universal Flume Installation

CAUTION: Failure to achieve full penetration or to place fill grout within

Type XA Universal Flume Installation

2.3.8 Installation with I.M.S Media Retainer

CAUTION: Any damage to an I.M.S Media Retainer will require

2.3.9 Final Checks

Type XA Universal Flume Installation

2.3.10 Block Modifications

CAUTION: Modification of blocks without approval in writing from the

Type XA Universal Flume Installation

2.4 Field Assembly Figures

Type XA Universal Flume Installation