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Narayan Chandak
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Department of Civil Engineering, Galgotias College of Engineering & Technology, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh-201 306, India
Abstract The main aim of using seismic base isolation tool is to reduce the inert ia forces introduced in the structure due to
earthquake by shifting the fundamental period of the structure out of dangerous resonance range and concentration of the
deformation demand at the isolation system. In the paper a parametric study on Reinforced Concrete (RC) build ing with fixed
and isolated base with rubber bearing (RB) and friction isolator (FI) are carried out using response spectrum method. Here,
the design spectra recommended by Indian Standard Code IS 1893-2002 (part -I) and Euro Code 8 are considered for
comparison. The main objective of this study is to investigate the differences caused by the use of different codes in the
dynamic analysis of multistoried RC build ing along with fixed and isolated base condition. Two different floor p lans that are
symmetric (SB) and unsymmetric (UB) with torsional irregularity are taken as samp le build ing. To evaluate the seismic
response of the buildings, elastic analysis is performed using the computer program SAP2000. It is observed from the
comparative study that the building response with isolated base is very less to that of building with fixed base in all the cases
and IS code depict higher values in all the cases with and without isolation, when compared to that of Euro code.
Keywords Base Isolation, Response Spectrum Analysis, RC Building, Elastic Analysis
2. Structural Data
Sample build ings described herein were selected as typical
Periods (s) six story reinforced concrete building. The building has two
different floor p lans that are symmet ric (SB), and
unsymmetric (UB). Six bu ild ings are considered and they are
Figure 1. Typical shape of elastic design spectra henceforth referred to as; 6-SB, 6-UB. The plan dimensions
of building, typical at all floors are 22.7m by 13.75 m, with a
story height of 3m as shown in Figure 3. The structural
system of the building is selected as consisting of structural
walls and mo ment resisting frames in both directions. It is
assumed that the structural systems have nominal ductility
level. Seis mic load reduction factor (R) for special mo ment
resisting frame is taken as 5.
Table 1. Ordinates of Elastic Design Spectra (Se) for IS* and EC-8
Code T TB TB T TC T TC
For Hard soil For Medium soil For soft soil
1 + 15T 0.00 T 0.10 1 + 15T 0.00 T 0.10 1 + 15T 0.00 T 0.10
*
IS= Sa Sa Sa
2.50 0.10 T 0.40
= 2.50 0.10 T 0.55
= 2.50 0.10 T 0.670
g 1.00 g 1.36 g 1.67
0.40 T 4.00 0.55 T 4.00 0.67 T 4.00
T T T
TC T TD
EC-8 Se = ag S[1 + (T/TB) ( 2.5 1)] Se = 2.5 ag S
Se = 2.5ag S [TC/T]
*
IS code referring Se as Sa
Journal of Civil Engineering Research 2013, 3(4): 135-142 137
Table 2. Dimension of Structural Members of Building eccentricity, at one end of the structures transverse to an axis
is more than 1.2 times the average of story drifts at the two
Six story building ends of the structure. No other structural irregularities
Structural 1-3 story 4-6 story occurred for samp le buildings.
Buildings
members bx by bx By
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)
C1 600 600 500 500 3. Modeling of Building and Result
6-SB
C2
W1,W2,W3,
900
250
900
1750
700
250
700
1750
Analysis
W4,W5 To evaluate the seismic response of the build ing, elastic
W3 3000 250 3000 250
analyses were performed by the response spectrum method
C1 600 600 500 500
C2 900 900 700 700 using the computer program SAP2000[12]. The seismic
6-UB W1 250 1750 250 1750 analyses of the buildings are carried out separately in the
W2,W3 3000 250 3000 250 longitudinal and the transverse directions. However, seis mic
W4,W5 250 1750 250 1750 responses only for x-direction are comparat ively presented
Thickness with graphs and tables in this paper for the sake of brevity.
S 150
of slab
Beam size B 250 x 500
Floor p lan of six story build ing is shown in Figure 4. An
aerial perspective of structure is shown in Figure 5. Degrees
Colu mns, beams, structural walls and slabs are sized of freedom at the base nodes are fixed for fixed base case and
considering the requirements given in IS code. The for base isolation, the seis mic isolators in the system are
dimensions of columns and structural walls for x and y defined as Nl-lin k co mponents 0.5m in length placed
directions, the thickness of slabs, the width and height of between the fixed base and the columns as shown in Figure 6.
beams are given in Tab le 2. As seen fro m this table, the The parameters selected to define the utilized rubber
cross-sections of colu mns have been changed after the third isolators[13] in the SAP2000 program are as fo llo ws:
story. Flexural rig idit ies for longitudinal and transverse nonlinear lin k type: Rubber Bearing, U1 linear effective
directions are different for each building. Total mo ment of stiffness: 1500000 kN/ m, U2 and U3 linear effective
inertia of vertical structural elements can be determined stiffness: 800 kN/ m, U2 and U3 nonlinear stiffness: 2500
using dimensions given in Table 2 for x and y directions. It kN/ m, U2 and U3 yield strength: 80 kN, U2 and U3 post
should be noted that values used for rigidit ies are gross yield stiffness ratio: 0.1, other nodes are left free. In addition
values and they are not reduced to consider cracking. to rubber bearing the building is analy zed with friction
According to IS, torsional irregularity occurs in buildings pendulum isolator in the system are defined as Nl-link
when floor diaphrag ms are rig id in their o wn plane in components 0.5m in length placed between the fixed base
relation to the vert ical structural elements that resist the and the columns. The parameters selected to define the
lateral forces. Torsional irregularity to be considered to exist utilized isolators in the program are as follows: Nonlinear
when the maximu m story drift, co mputed with design lin k type-friction isolator, U1 linear effective stiffness:
138 Chandak N. R.: Effect of Base Isolation on the Response of Reinforced Concrete Building
15000000kN/ m, U2 and U3 linear effective stiffness: 5 respectively. For fixed base situation, the fundamental
750kN/ m, U2 and U3 nonlinear stiffness: 15000kN/ m, U2 periods are in the range between 0.548 s and 0.071 s. For
and U3 frict ion coefficient, slow: 0.03, fast: 0.05, U2 and U3 isolated base with RB situation, the fundamental periods are
rate parameter: 40, U2 and U3 radius of slid ing surface: 2.23. in the range between 1.769s and 0.111s and in the range
Colu mns and beams are modeled with frame elements, slabs between 1.806s and 0.111s with frict ion isolator (FI). In the
and structural walls are modeled with shell elements. Slab first mode the 6-SB, v ibrate do minantly in the x d irection;
has been considered as a rigid diaphrag m in each story level. whereas 6-UB vibrates in the y direction. The third mode
The masses of infill walls are also taken into account in the takes place as torsional modes for all the cases considered.
model. In the analysis, Youngs modulus and unit weight of The increase in period for structure with isolated base makes
concrete are taken to be 28000MPa and 25kN/ m3 , sure that the structure being completely removed fro m the
respectively. The damping ratio is assumed as 5% in all resonance range of the earthquake.
modes. The reference peak ground acceleration is taken to be
Table 3. First Seven Periods (s) and Modal Properties of Building with
0.4g that is recommended in IS code[14]. Thus, it is assumed Fixed Base
that the buildings are sited in high seismicity zone. Seis mic
Horizontal modes for the buildings
analysis of the buildings accounting for the influence of the Cases
Modal
Torsional
local ground conditions is carried out with the help of the properties x-direction y-direction
mode
design spectra for IS and EC-8 code[15]. 1 st, 0.548 nd rd
Mode, 2 , 0.450 3 , 0.363
4 th, 0.172
Period 5 th, 0.126 7 th, 0.090
6 th, 0.108
6-SB
1 s t 0.767
2 nd - 0.00 3 rd - 0.000
Mass ratio 4 th - 0.050 th
5 0.00 7 th - 0.000
6 th - 0.050
1 st, 0.474
Mode, 2 nd , 0.416 3 rd , 0.362
th 4 th, 0.142 th
Period 5 , 0.115 6 , 0.100
7 th, 0.071
6-UB st
1 - 0.719
2 nd 0.008 3 rd - 0.020
Mass ratio th 4 th 0.126
5 - 0.005 th 6 th - 0.070
7 0.052
Table 4. First Seven Periods (s) and Modal Properties of Building with
Isolated Base (Rubber Bearing)
Horizontal modes for the buildings
Modal
Cases Torsional
Fixed base Properties x-direction y-direction
mode
1 st, 1.769 nd rd
Mode, 2 , 1.683 3 , 1.467
4 th, 0.298
Period 5 th, 0.268 6 th, 0.213
7 th, 0.136
Figure 5. An aerial perspective of the structure 6-SB
1 st 0.996
2 nd - 0.00 3 rd - 0.00
Mass ratio 4 th - 0.002 th
5 0.00 6 th - 0.00
7 th - 0.000
1 st, 1.595
Mode, 2 nd , 1.591 3 rd , 1.39
th 4 th, 0.268 th
Period 5 , 0.249 6 , 0.21
7 th, 0.111
6-UB st
1 - 0.956
2 nd - 0.039 3 rd - 0.00
Mass ratio th 4 th - 0.001
5 - 0.000 th 6 th - 0.00
7 - 0.000
3.3. Base Shear Figure 8. Base shear for IS & EC-8 for 6SB
Base shear exp ressions defined in the codes are given in As seen from Figure 8 & Figure 9, IS code gives
Table 6. The base shear of the building were acquired fro m maximu m base shear for similar ground type defined in EC-8
seismic analysis using the design spectra corresponding to for both fixed base and isolated base. However, for isolated
5% critical damp ing considering both fixed base condition base with RB and FI, the base shear is reduced to 70%, 68%
and isolated base condition. and 84%, 79% when compared to that of fixed base for IS
140 Chandak N. R.: Effect of Base Isolation on the Response of Reinforced Concrete Building
code for 6-SB and 6-UB respectively. According to EC-8 The maximu m d ifference for 6-UB as shown in Figure 9 is
code, for RB isolator 63% reduction in base shear for 6-SB observed to be 20% between ground type III & I for fixed
and 70% reduction in base shear for 6-UB buildings base and 37.7% for isolated base with RB and 35.3% for
respectively are observed, when compared to that of fixed isolated base with FI.
base. Similarly for FI isolator 67% reduction in base shear According to EC-8, the base shear is maximu m for ground
for 6-SB and 72% reduction in base shear fo r 6-UB buildings type E for 6-SB and 6-UB for both fixed and isolated base.
respectively are observed, when compared to that of fixed The maximu m difference for 6-SB reaches to 24% between
base. ground type E & A with fixed base and 44.6% for isolated
base with RB and 42.5 for isolated base with FI respectively.
Table 9. Base Shear (kN) for RC Building
In case of 6-UB, the maximu m difference is observed
Ground Isolated Isolated between ground type E & A i.e. 27% for fixed base and 43%
Cases Fixed base
Type base (RB) base (FI)
for isolated base with RB and 37% for isolated base with FI.
I 3145.82 722.61 504.65
6SB-IS II 3250.02 952.76 644.32 3.4. Torsional Response
III 3893.47 1185.92 747.41
A 2906.87 695.00 480.70
IS code gives the maximu m torque when compared to that
6SB-EC D 3422.45 1045.85 746.50
of EC-8 for the both fixed base and isolated base situation for
E 3821.61 1255.74 835.94
all the ground type. According to IS code, the maximu m
I 3615.26 910.32 608.60
torque is for ground type III and it is reduced to 26% for
6UB-IS II 4152.26 1117.2 886.23
6-SB build ing and 47% for 6-UB build ing with isolated base
III 4538.02 1457.22 940.67 with RB and 30% for 6-SB and 39% for 6-UB fo r isolated
A 2049.84 448.72 354.34 base with FI when compared to that of fixed base situation as
6UB-EC D 2614.36 644.56 481.14 shown in Figure 10. Similarly, as per EC-8 code, the
E 2820.56 790.48 562.32 maximu m toque is observed for D ground type and torque is
reduced to 53% for 6-SB build ing and 54% for 6-UB
IS code g ives maximu m base shear for 6-SB for ground building with isolated base with RB and 34.5% for 6-SB and
type III as shown in Figure 8 and maximu m d ifference 30% for 6-UB building with isolated base with FI when
reaches to 19% between ground type III & I for fixed base compared to that of fixed base situation as shown in Figure
and observed 39% difference between ground types III & I 11.
for isolated base with RB and 33% for isolated base with FI.
FB RB FI
IS-1893
EC-8
5000
4500
4000
3500
Base shear, kN
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
I II III A D E
Ground type
FB RB FI
80 IS-1893 EC-8
70
Torque, kNm 60
50
40
30
20
10
0
I II III A D E
Gruond type
FB RB FI
60
IS-1893 EC-8
50
40
Torque, kNm
30
20
10
0
I II III A D E
Ground t ype
indicating that the structural responses are main ly elastic. Publishing House Ltd. Benoit Novel, simultaneously
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