March 28, 2017

UNIVERSITY OF RHODE ISLAND

Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering

BME 207 Introduction to Biomechanics Spring 2017

Homework 6
Problem 14.5 in the textbook.

Problem 2
The material element in a state of plane stress is subjected to the stresses as shown. For each of
the loading configurations below compute the:

i. principal stresses, and sketch them on a properly oriented element

ii. maximum shear stress and associated normal stresses, and sketch them on a properly oriented
element
y
Y

Load A: X = 8.0 MPa, Y = 5.2 MPa, XY = 4.8 MPa

Load B: X = 2.1 MPa, Y = 0.3 MPa, XY = 0.56 MPa XY

x
X

Answers
Load A: i. 1 = 11.6 MPa, 2 = 1.6 MPa, P = 36.87
ii. max = 5.0 MPa, S = 8.13 , avg = 6.6 MPa

y y
avg = 6.6 MPa

1 = 11.6 MPa
max = 5.0 MPa

P = 36.9
x x
S = 8.1 avg

2 = 1.6 MPa

Load B: i. 1 = 2.26 MPa, 2 = 0.14 MPa, P = 15.95

ii. max = 1.06 MPa, S = 60.95 , avg = 1.2 MPa

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 BME 207 - Homework 6 March 28, 2017

Problem 3
The material element in a state of plane stress is subjected to the stresses as shown. For each of
the loading configurations below compute the:

i. principal stresses, and sketch them on a properly oriented element

ii. maximum shear stress and associated normal stresses, and sketch them on a properly oriented
element
y
Y

Load A: X = 2.55 MPa, Y = 0.65 MPa, XY = 1.2 MPa

Load B: X = 1.6 MPa, Y = 9.6 MPa, XY = 4.2 MPa XY

x
X

Answers
Load A: i. 1 = 1.05 MPa, 2 = 2.95 MPa, P = 71.57
ii. max = 2.0 MPa, S = 116.57 , avg = 0.95 MPa
Note: Above you will get S = +63.43 , which is equivalent to S = 116.57 .
Use your sketch to explain why.

y y
avg = 0.95 MPa

2 = 2.95 MPa S = 63.4

x x

P = 71.6 avg

max = 2.0 MPa

1 = 1.05 MPa

Load B: i. 1 = 3.0 MPa, 2 = 11.0 MPa, P = 18.43

ii. max = 7.0 MPa, S = 63.43 , avg = 4.0 MPa

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 BME 207 - Homework 6 March 28, 2017

Problem 4
The stresses acting at a point on the surface of a femur are X = 4.5 MPa and XY = 3.0 MPa.

What is the allowable range of values for the stress Y if the maximum allowable shear stress is
max = 3.4 MPa?

What are the magnitudes and directions of the principal stresses when Y is at its maximum
allowable value?
y
Y

XY

x
X

Answers Y ranges from 1.3 MPa to 7.7 MPa; 1 = 9.5 MPa, 2 = 2.7 MPa, P = 59.04 .

Problem 5
Biaxial stress is a special case of plane stress where normal stresses are present without any shear
stresses. The material element shown is subjected to normal stresses X = 24 MPa and
Y = 63 MPa. Compute the:

A. principal stresses, and sketch them on a properly oriented element

B. maximum shear stress and associated normal stresses, and sketch them on a properly oriented
element

y
63 MPa

24 MPa
x

Answers A. 1 = 63 MPa, 2 = 24 MPa, P = 90.0

B. max = 43.5 MPa, S = 45 , avg = 19.5 MPa

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 BME 207 - Homework 6 March 28, 2017

Problem 6
The material element is shown in a state of pure shear because the only stresses acting on it are
shear stresses. If XY = 16 MPa compute the:

A. principal stresses and sketch them on a properly oriented element

B. maximum shear stress and associated normal stresses and sketch them on a properly oriented
element
y

XY = 16 MPa

Answers A. 1 = 16 MPa, 2 = 16 MPa, P = 45

B. max = 16 MPa, S = 90 , avg = 0 MPa

Problem 7
A material element in a state of plane stress is shown. The magnitude of the maximum shear
stress max is 125 kPa. Compute the:

A. unknown shear stress XY

B. orientation S and the normal stresses associated with the maximum shear stress, and sketch
these on the inclined material element
C. principal stresses and sketch them on a material element oriented with the principal planes

y
120 kPa

80 kPa
x

XY

Answers A. XY = 75 kPa
B. S = 63.44 , avg = 20 kPa
C. 1 = 105 kPa, 2 = 145 kPa, P = 18.44

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 BME 207 - Homework 6 March 28, 2017

Problem 8
The stress at a point is the sum of the two states of stress shown below. Compute the:

A. principal stresses and sketch them on a material element oriented with the principal planes
B. maximum shear stress and associated normal stresses and sketch them on a properly oriented
element

y y

= 45
2 MPa
x x

3 MPa

Answers A. 1 = 1.3 MPa, 2 = 2.3 MPa, P = 28.16

B. max = 1.8 MPa, S = 16.84 , avg = 0.5 MPa

Problem 9
The stress at a point is the sum of the two states of stress shown below. Compute the:

A. principal stresses and sketch them on a material element oriented with the principal planes
B. maximum shear stress and associated normal stresses and sketch them on a properly oriented
element

y y

5 MPa

= 30
x x
15 MPa

Answers A. 1 = 13.24 MPa, 2 = 13.24 MPa, P = 5.44

B. max = 13.24 MPa, S = 50.44 , avg = 0 MPa

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 BME 207 - Homework 6 March 28, 2017

Problem 10
The material element shown is on the surface of a rod subjected to pure torsion (only the moment
M acts on the rod); hence, in this configuration, only the shear stresses are non-zero. Derive an
expression for the principal stresses 1 and 2 and sketch these stresses on a properly oriented
material element. Your expression for 1 and 2 should agree with your results in Problem 6.

YX

XY

M x

Problem 11
A bar of rectangular cross section (unloaded dimensions 13 inches 2 inches 1.5 inches)
supports a tensile load F . The allowable stresses in tension and shear are 15,000 psi and 7,000 psi,
respectively.

A. Determine the maximum permissible load Fmax .

B. The material has an elastic modulus of E = 21 GPa and Poissons ratio of = 0.41. If the
applied load is F = Fmax /3, compute the strains in the x, y, and z directions, and the cross
sectional area of the bar.
C. If instead = 0.5, what would be the cross-sectional area and length when loaded?

1.5 in 2.0 in

F F

13 in

Answers A. Fmax = 42, 000 pounds

B. X = 1.53 103 , Y = Z = 0.629 103 , area = 2.998 in2
C. When = 0.5, the material is incompressible and the
area = 2.954 in2 , L = 13.202 in.

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 BME 207 - Homework 6 March 28, 2017

Problem 12
A circular rod of diameter d = 12 mm is loaded by a tensile force of F = 9.5 kN.

A. What is the maximum normal stress max in the rod?

B. What is the maximum shear stress max ?
C. Sketch a stress element oriented at 45 to the axis of the rod, and show all the stresses acting
on the faces of this element.

F F = 9.5 kN

d = 12 mm

Answers A. max = 84 MPa

B. max = 42 MPa
C. at 45 : X1 = 42 MPa, Y1 = 42 MPa, X1Y1 = 42 MPa

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