EXPERIMENT NO : 7

TITLE : Experiment based on simulation of Process control.

AIM : To study simulation of Process Control system using MATLAB.
APPARATUS : MATLAB software.
THEORY:
Process Control
In process control, the basic objective is to regulate the value of some quantity. To
regulate means to maintain that quantity at some desired value regardless of external influences.
The desired value is called the reference value or set point.
To provide a practical, working description of process control, it is useful to describe the
elements and operations involved in more generic terms. Such a description should be
independent of particular application and thus applicable to all control situations. The element of
process control system are defined in terms of separate functional parts of the system for eg.
Process, measurement, error detector, controller, control element, etc.

Problem Statement :
Consider a control system shown in figure in which a PID controller is used to control the
system .The PID controller has the transfer function :
Gc(S)= Kp(1+1/T S+T S)
Apply Ziegler Nichols tuning rule for the determination of the values of parameters Kp, Ti, and
Td. Obtain a unit step response curve. Use MATLAB to perform the computer
simulation.

R(s) C(s)
Gc(s) 1
- s(s+1)(s+5)
))
PID Controller Plant
Procedure :
1) Set Ti = and Td = 0 in the controller transfer function.
2) Obtain closed loop transfer function
C.L.T.F. = Gc Gp /( 1 + Gc Gp )
3) Use this controller constants as tuning parameters and obtain a step response of a
closed loop system.
% MATLAB PROGRAM
Kp = input('Enter Kp : ');
Td = input('Enter Td : ');
Ti = input('Enter Ti : ');
t = 0:0.02:20;
num2 = [0 0 0 1]; %Numerator ofplant transfer function
den2 = [1 6 5 0]; %Denominator of plant transfer function
GP = tf(num2,den2); % Plant transfer function
num1 = [(Kp*Td) (Kp) (Kp/Ti)]; % Nuemrator of PID controller T.F.
den1 = [0 1 0]; % Denominator of PID controller T.F.
GC = tf(num1,den1); % Transfer function fo PID controller
GCGP = GC * GP; % Forward path transfer function , H =1
sys = feedback(GCGP,1); % Closed loop transfer function ie- (GH/1+GH)
y = step(sys,t); % Step Response
plot(t,y); % Plot the graph of y versus t

PROGRAM OUTPUT:
Enter Kp : 18
Enter Td : 0.35124
Enter Ti : 1.4053
Enter Kp : 10
Enter Td : 10
Enter Ti : 10

Enter Kp : 5
Enter Td : 5
Enter Ti :
CONCLUSION: