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Welcome!
Designing Dust Hoods for Better Containment
Gary Johnson, PE
1
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2
Designing Dust Hoods
for Better Containment
Gary Q. Johnson, P.E.
Workplace Exposure Solutions LLC
April 3, 2014
Copyright Gary Q. Johnson 2014
Agenda
Types of hoods & enclosures,

limitations
Understanding emission sources
Hood design and maintenance
concepts
Powders handling dust control
examples
Summary Better Dust Hood Containment 6
3
KEY DECISION:
CAPTURE OR CONTAIN?
Capture - HOODS Contain - ENCLOSURES
Dust source in front Dust source inside
of hood enclosure
Draw the dusty air Air velocity at openings
into hood in spite of: keeps dust inside
Particle momentum

Not trying to capture dust
Machinery air currents
Most of dust falls back
Room air currents
into process stream
Dust removed from
process stream Greater containment than
open hoods
Better Dust Hood Containment 7
Successful Hood Designs

Consider:
Process emissions
Generation mechanism
Particle characteristics
Normal operation, startup/shutdown,
entry for maintenance/cleaning
Environment around process
Operator techniques
4
Types of hoods &
enclosures
Limitations of hoods
Air velocity terms
Hoods increasing capability:
Level 1 - Open face hoods
Receiving hoods
Level 2 - Open face enclosures
Level 3 - Sealed enclosures
Level 4 Isolators (ie, gloveboxes)
LIMITATIONS OF HOODS
Fig.A9-2: From American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Industrial

Ventilation: A Manual of Recommended for Operation and Maintenance, 1st Edition. Copyright 2007.
Reprinted with permission. Better Dust Hood Containment 10
5
Air Jet Influence Persists
Courtesy Health & Safety Better Dust Hood Containment 11

Executive, United Kingdom
Open Hood Suction

Influence Limited

6
AIR VELOCITY TERMS
Simple Hood (1 entry loss) Compound Hood (2 entry losses)

Fig.6-1: From American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Industrial
Ventilation: A Manual of Recommended Practice, 26th Edition. Copyright 2007. Reprinted with permission.
Hood Air Flow

Patterns
Capture velocity at
surface of sphere
fishtail slot hood
Shape ~ Sphere less duct Shape Cylinder

Plain end hood
or elephant
2Sphere _ Halves
Area 4 * * r 2 - * D 2 / 4
trunk Area 2 * * L 4 * * r 2
Hoods - Physics of Air Flow 14
7
Flanges reduce Q & SPh:
Q = Vc (10x2 + A) Q = 0.75Vc (10x2 + A)

SPh = 0.93*VP SPh=0.49*VP

Pioneering work by Dallavalle
Hood Air Flow Patterns

Flanged Duct Exhaust
Shape Half sphere

Area 2 * * r 2
Whats done right in this photo?
8
Slot with flanges & sides
SLOT
Shape 1 / 4 _ cylinder
Area 1 / 2 * * L
Hoods - Physics of Air Flow

Courtesy17Dynamic Air Corp.

Open Enclosure - 5
Sided Hood
Height, h
Width, w
Shape opensided _ box
Source inside _ box
Area height * width
Must include design features to
ensure uniform face velocity profile
9
Receiving Hoods
- Use Contaminant Momentum
Particle
Momentum?
Thermal Buoyancy?
Fig. 4-3, Hemeons Plant & Process

Fig. 4-7, Hemeons Plant & Process Ventilation, 3rd Edition, 1999, Edited by Jeff
Ventilation, 3rd Edition, 1999, Edited by Burton, reprinted with permission
Jeff Burton, reprinted with permission Better Dust Hood Containment 19
Take Advantage of
Particle Momentum!

10
Limitations of Hoods-Physics
Dust particles with velocity have
momentum and inertia much greater than
the relatively small mass and inertia of
air
Vector diagram shows resultant dust

movement when particles have higher
speed
This Physics of Airflow must be

considered in hood design
Dust hood
Canopy receiving hood

design principles:
Be big enough to receive all the rising contaminant cloud
Emptied as fast as its filled
As near to the process and source as possible
As enclosing as possible
Shielded from drafts
11
Actual Canopy Hood
Performance
23 Better Dust Hood Containment
Receiving Hoods Must

Exhaust Excess Air
12
Open Enclosures Level 2
Person in front of
cabinet, dust inside
cabinet
Protection: low
velocity inward air
movement
Avoid giving particle
escape velocity from
process or manual
handling procedure
Bag dumps, super
sack dumps, dump Why the bag?
cabinets, lab hoods Better Dust Hood Containment 25
Sealed Enclosures Level 3

Contaminant totally
surrounded by enclosure
Protection: negative pressure
and inward air movement
Low air velocity at access
openings
Avoid enclosure positive
pressure - dusting
Examples: belt conveyor
housings, bins, Loss In Weight
Feeders, sumps, tanks
13
Sealed Enclosures Need Air Bleeds
Air bleed for duct air makeup

Air paths through enclosure drafts steal powder
De-entrainment space
Questions on Hood Types?
14
Recognizing Dust Emission Sources
Movement of particles in air
Particles>100um travel some
distance if ejected at speed
but settle out quickly
Particles ~100um settle out of
air near process that
generated them
Smaller particles float and
remain suspended in air
(minutes) & move with air
currents
Powders - range of particle diameters

dQ, relative quantity particles with diameter D
dust is generally < 100 microns
Q, proportion particles diam. D, < D horiz. axis
15
Fine Dust Particles Harder to Control
(easily influenced by building drafts)
Settling Time vs. Diameter, microns

20
30
40
50
60 Stokes _ Settling _ Velocities

70
US : _ Vs 0.0052 * SG * D 2
80
SI : _ Vs (26.4 x10 6 ) * SG * D 2
90
100
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Seconds to fall 9 feet (3 meters)

Better Dust Hood Containment Page 31
Other particle characteristics
Sticky? block
hood openings,
ducts?
Abrasive? erosion
Fibrous ? form a
mat
Moist? mud or
crusty layer
Other?
16
Source ID Techniques
Side lighting
Color contrast
Visualizing Dust Sources High

intensity light or Tyndall lighting
Courtesy Health & Safety

17
Dust generation
- Expulsion of fine particles
Dusty Displaced Air

18
Dust generation Induced dusty air
Entrained air from falling

powder strips fine particles
during fall with expulsion of
fine particles at floor
Dust generation
Induced dusty air
Air induced or drawn in at
chute by powder flow and
then pumped into bin
Bin vent
filter a
common
solution,
courtesy
Donaldson
19
Pressurized Dusty Air
Room ventilation transports dust
Dust generation VIBRATION

20
Another dusty displaced
air drop a dusty panel

Dust generation secondary air currents
Compressed air cylinder

vents
Rotating machinery parts Courtesy Health & Safety

table saw example Executive, United Kingdom
21
Dust generation bag puffing
Spillage from
residual product
in emptied
containers
Fugitive Dust Goes Everywhere!

Executive, United Kingdom Better Dust Hood Containment 44
22
Secondary dust generation
transports spilled dust from a
primary dust source
Compressed air blow
down cleaning
rearranges dust

Secondary dust
generation
Re-entrainment of spillage by drafts

from mechanical movements
Fanning action
from sweeping
Grinding action
from foot and
vehicle traffic on
spilled materials
23
Questions on Dust Sources?
Design of Open Faced

Hoods (Level 1 Containment)
Capture velocity
Airflow versus distance
Flanging shaping
airflow
Estimating airflow
required
Uniform velocity across
the hood opening
Duct transition shapes
Also a receiving hood, Slots
taking advantage of
particle momentum Hood static pressure
24
Capture Velocities
Dispersion Example Capture Velocity,
Conditions ft/min
Release with Evaporation from tanks; 50 -100

practically no velocity degreasing, etc.
into quiet air
Released at low Spray booths; intermittent 100 - 200
velocity into container filling; welding;
moderately still air plating; pickling
Active generation into Spray painting in shallow 200 500
zone of rapid air booths; barrel filling;
motion conveyor loading
Released at high initial Grinding; abrasive blasting; 500 - 2000
velocity into zone of tumbling
very rapid air motion
Table 6-1: From American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Industrial
Capture Velocities factors to

decide upper or lower end of range
Lower End of Range Upper End of Range
Room air currents minimal or Disturbing room air currents
favorable to capture
Contaminants of low toxicity Contaminants of high toxicity

or of nuisance value only
Intermittent, low production High production, heavy use
Large hood-large air mass in Small hood-local control only

motion
25
Hood Shape
and Distance
Determine
Required
Airflow
Fig. 6-11: From American

Conference of Governmental
Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH),
Industrial Ventilation: A Manual
of Recommended Practice, 26th
Edition. Copyright 2007.
Reprinted with permission."
Hood Static Pressure:

SPh = he + VPd
Hood static pressure = hood entry loss + 1 duct velocity pressure to
accelerate stagnant air to duct velocity
Hood entry loss is affected by the shape over which

the airflow passes:
(Hood entry loss = hood entry loss coefficient x
duct velocity pressure)
Simple hood: he = Fh x VPd

Compound hood (slots): he = FsVPs + FdVPd
26
Hood Entry Losses Shapes
Used
for slots
Fig.9a: From American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Industrial Ventilation:
A Manual of Recommended Practice, 26th Edition. Copyright 2007. Reprinted with permission.
Hood Entry Losses -

Transitions
27
Examples of open hood
performance -1
Hood face velocity
Vd = 4,200 ft/min
FV = 1,315 ft/min
Wire brushing lead
paint 10 in front
Vc = 50 ft/min
Not adequate
Examples of open hood

performance -2
Capture velocity
200 ft/min?
4.7 in. vs. 10 in.
Hood SP at design
airflow? (90o
included angle)
He = 0.28w.c.
SPh = 1.38 w.c.
28
Open Faced Enclosures
(Level 2 Containment)
Contain with relatively low velocity mass of
air at face of opening (face velocity)
Uniform velocity profile techniques
Baffles
Slots
Transitions
Applications partially closed processes:
belt conveyors, dump hoods, lab hoods
Open Hood Turbulence Causes

Poor Face Velocity Profile
Widely believed myth how

airflow enters a lab hood

29
Turbulence in Corners
Kickback to Opening

Tapered Edges Minimize

Turbulence, Even at 100 fpm

30
Final Piece Sash to
Counter Worker Wake Effect

With attention to detail, even

energetic processes controlled

31
Why Slots Provide A
Uniform Velocity Profile
Equal air paths

Unequal air paths Equal air paths
Back wall has slots
to exhaust point To horizontal duct and plenum to
vertical duct
Interfering Room Drafts

Common Hood Failure Mode
Find Other
Ways to Cool
Workers!

32
Hood Failure Modes Address
in Maintenance Planning-1
Excessive room air currents
Improper hood location
Poor hood shape
Changing hood airflow
Physical changes to hood
Connected DCS degrades
Poor face velocity profile
Unequal air paths
External air currents
Poor conveying velocity inside slotted manifolds
Hood Failure Modes Address

in Maintenance Planning-2
Excessive particle momentum
Face velocity too low to stop high energy
particles
Process design steps to slow particles
Sealed enclosures need duct air bleeds
to prevent drafts that steal powder
into DCS
Insufficient HVAC makeup air
33
SPh & Maintenance
Visual Checks
React to visible emissions
to room
Check for hood blockage,
modifications or relocation
First line of defense
monitor air flow
Install Hood Static
Pressure gauges with
action limits (+ 20%
Green band
Baseline)
is + 20 % SP
from baseline OR
SP roughly take routine Face Velocity
+ 10% airflow measurements
Questions on Hoods?
34
Hood & Enclosure Examples
Containers
Drum filling or hand scooping
Big bag unloading
Powder Transfers
Belt conveyors
Bucket elevators
Pressurized dust sources
Pneumatic conveying
Pneumatic bag filling
Open Hood Failure Mode

Not Matched to Dust Source
Better
performance
same airflow,
Elephant trunk
psychological 100-150 fpm
dust control! at gap Page 70 Hoods - Physics of Air Flow
35
Other Drum Fill
Options
moon slot hood

Powder
chute
Vent to DCS with
air bleed
Inflatable seal
moon hoods also used for

Drum liner or
hand scooping better
big bag liner
containment with open faced
enclosure, courtesy Flow Sciences
Big bag discharge

with no dust control
Three dust sources
1 Initial rush of
material into bin
below displaces
dusty air
2 Shaking
supersack to remove
residual dusty
operation
3 Rolling up sack
discharges dusty air
36
Options used
- Flexible Seal only works for a few
moments due the full weight of the
sack
- Hopper too small for dust de-
entrainment, dusty air must be
relieved into dust collection
Supersack
Block particle
Unloading momentum with
hopper physical barrier, the
Tight fit of spout inside
hopper barrier to dusting spout
Dust controlled bin Hood Containment
Better Dust 73
Seal Spout Completely

Vent hopper to dust collection
Pull ssck spout to raised fixture Clamp spout to fixture
Courtesy
Flexicon
Release spout drawstring Fixture stretchs spout
37
Belt Conveyors Many Dust Sources
-Boundary layer dust from vibration

-Dusting at belt discharge
-Residual dust clinging to returning belt Discharge of powder off belt
largest dust source
Recognizing Contaminant Sources 75
Dust Control: Belt Conveyor Powder

Discharge De-entrainment Space
Transfer
point only
DC Connection
Provide de-
entrainment
DC Air Inlet plenum for
dust fines
Provide de-
entrainment
space for
powder at
access door
Powder
Enclosed conveyor trajectory
discharge
38
Minimize particle momentum
belt conveyor feed to avoid overshoot
Keep vertical drop
< 3 feet
Use sloped chutes
where possible
Ramp
Skirts
Product Divert feed to follow

Belt motion of next belt
Tail Pulley
Belt Conveyor Lay-on Guides and Dust

Skirts (Top View) Keep powder on belt
Lay-on Guide
Dust Skirts
Powder Feed
Belt
Housing
Keep powder centered on belt

39
Belt Cleaning returning belt residual
Scraper at
tangent point
Courtesy Martin Engineering Co.

-Primary, secondary, & even tertiary belt
cleaning can prevent carry back and spillage
under the belt
- Important for open belt conveyors to prevent
return belt dust dribble
Vertical Continuous
& Centrifugal
Bucket Elevators
Centrifugal throw powder
versus gravity empty
Dust sources
Feed inlet
Boot shaft slots
Choked or free flowing
solids
Spillage past buckets into
housing
Discharge
Head shaft seals
Choked or free flowing
solids
40
Bucket Elevator
Feed Inlet
- Chute 6-12 above
buckets at 3 oclock to
avoid throwing powder
back up chute
-Replace missing
buckets major
spillage to bottom
otherwise
Boot gravity take

Courtesy Orthman up no exposed
Conveyor Co. external shaft
Bucket
Elevator
Dust Control
-Keep elevator
housing under
negative pressure
- Best to extract in
space between
pulleys, - 2-3 feet
above boot pulley
and below head
pulley

Fig. VS-50-01: From American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Industrial Ventilation: A
Manual of Recommended Practice for Design, 26th Edition. Copyright 2007. Reprinted with permission.
41
Equipment Dense vs. Dilute
Bin vent filter sizing
Dense phase
Normally operates with full line
high air volume (10X conveying
volume or more) when line is
cleared.
Dilute phase
Bin vent filter sizing ~ assume 1.5-
2.0 x conveying airflow when pipe
clears its throat of powder (3-3.5
x for truck/rail unloading)
Pneumatic Conveying Dust Control
Leak tight construction if positive pressure

Vent backpressure from airlock valves to
dust collection
Size bin vent filter for line clearing bubble
Prevent powder attrition and its increasing
fines dust load
Pipe velocity increases as air expands from psig
pressures - attrition ~ Velocity 3
Example (14.7+5)/14.7= 34% volume increase
(4,000 fpm becomes 5,400 fpm)
Increase pipe diameter last 1/3 or so of length
to reduce velocity close to 4,000 fpm
42
Pressurized Dusty Air at Feed
Vented Pocket Airlocks
Courtesy Sprout Bauer Co.
Vent to small, self cleaning

filter or to a dust control
system Better Dust Hood Containment 85
Pressurized Dusty Air

Pneumatic Bag Filling
blow back - no dust collection rooster tail (excess air while filling bag)
ACGIH recommends 500 CFM in blow back (excess air and little dust control)
VS-15-03 of IV Design manual dust coated bag on conveyor (puffs dust)
43
Summary
Know your contaminant sources
Know your process
Know how your operators interact with it
Understand the physics of air flow
movement to know if the hood is
practical
Reapply proven designs VS Prints in
Industrial Ventilation can help or develop
standard designs Better Dust Hood Containment 87
Thanks for your attention,

now for some questions
Gary Q. Johnson, P.E.
Workplace Exposure Solutions LLC
(Industrial ventilation, process safety
combustible dusts and flammable vapors, &
environmental consulting)
Cincinnati, OH 45241
gary@workexposoln.com
513-777-4626
88
44
Reference Material
Hood Calculations
Open hood
Open faced enclosure
Hood Calculations - Math Review

Continuity Equation: (In = Out)
Q = VxA = V1xA1 = V2xA2
Q-ft3/min, V-ft/min, A-ft2
Duct Area:
A = x radius2 = x (diameter/2)2
A=3.14x(D/2)2x(1 ft/12in)2 = x D2/576
Velocity-Velocity Pressure:
V = 1096x(VP/df)1/2 = 4005x(VP)1/2 (sea level)
or VP = (V/4005)2 (VP-inches water column)
45
Slot Velocity
Slots have aspect ratios, W/L < 0.2
A slot velocity of 1,500-2,000 ft/min
provides a uniform velocity the length of the
slot useful for getting uniform face
velocity at the area in front of the slot.
Slot loss is like a sharp edge orifice: Fs =
1.78
The compound hood loss is:
he = FsVPs + FdVPd
Calculate Hood Face Velocity
V 4005 VP / df
46
Hood Face Velocity Solution
1-Vduct = 4005x(1.1)1/2 = 4200 ft/min

2-Ad = pi x (4)2/576 = 0.087 sq.ft.
3-Ahood = 4x10x(1 ft/12)2 = 0.278
sq.ft.
4 -Vh = Vd x (Ad/Ah) = 4200 x
(0.087/0.278) = 1315 ft/min
Calculate Capture Velocity 10

in Front of Hood
wire brushing lead paint
10
47
Solution: Capture Velocity
10 in Front of Hood
1. Find Q = Vh x Ah = 1315 ft/min x
(4x10/144) ft2 = 365 ft3/min
2. Find hood aspect ratio L=10, W=4,

W/L = 4/10 = 0.4 (not a slot)
Fig. 3-11 plain opening hood-next pg

Q = Vc(10X2+A)
Hood Shape
and Distance
Determine
Required
Airflow
Fig. 6-11: From American

Conference of Governmental
Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH),
Industrial Ventilation: A Manual
of Recommended Practice, 26th
Edition. Copyright 2007.
Reprinted with permission."
48
Solution, continued
3. Plain opening hood shape
Q=Vc(10X2 + A), Vc= Q/(10X2 + A)
Vc = 365 ft3 /(10x(10/12)2 + (40/144))
Vc = 365/7.222 = 50 ft/min
4. Effective - wire brushing surface? See

tables
Capture Velocities
Dispersion Example Capture Velocity,
Conditions ft/min
Release with Evaporation from tanks; 50 -100

practically no velocity degreasing, etc.
into quiet air
Released at low Spray booths; intermittent 100 - 200
velocity into container filling; welding;
moderately still air plating; pickling
Active generation into Spray painting in shallow 200 500
zone of rapid air booths; barrel filling;
motion conveyor loading
Released at high initial Grinding; abrasive blasting; 500 - 2000
velocity into zone of tumbling
very rapid air motion
49
Capture Velocities factors to
decide upper or lower end of range
Lower End of Range Upper End of Range
Room air currents minimal or Disturbing room air currents
favorable to capture
Contaminants of low toxicity Contaminants of high toxicity

or of nuisance value only
Intermittent, low production High production, heavy use
Large hood-large air mass in Small hood-local control only

motion
Distance for Capture

Velocity = 200 ft/min?
Apply same
equation, solving
for distance X
50
Distance for Capture
Velocity = 200 ft/min
1. Q=Vc(10X2 + A), Q/Vc=10X2+A,
(Q/Vc-A)=10X2
2. X=((Q/Vc-A)/10)1/2
3. X=((365/200-40/144)/10)1/2
4. X=0.393 ft x 12 /ft = 4.7

Calculate Hood SP
Included angle = 90o
51
Hood Entry Losses -
Transitions
Calculate Hood SP
1. Duct VP = 1.1w.c. (diagram)
2. Entry loss = 0.25 x VP
(Fig. 5-15-25th; Fig. 9a-26th)
3. Acceleration loss = 1 x VP
4. Hood SP
= acceleration loss + entry loss
= 1VP+0.25VP=VP(1+0.25)
=1.1x1.25 = 1.4w.c.
52
Using Hood Static Pressure
(SPh) for Monitoring
Every hood has a specific SPh based on its
shape and the airflow through it.
SPh values can be found in Industrial
Ventilation, A Recommended Practice for
Design, 28th Edition
SPh values can be measured in the field at
startup
Local SPh indication (Magnehelic or
manometer) provides operator warning of
IVS problems
Uniform Velocity
Profile - Slots
Hood opening: 60 x 60
3 slots, 2x 36
Duct diameter 12
Rectangular to round duct
transition 120 degrees
53
Open Enclosures:
Calculating SPh & Q
SPh essentially a box with a duct
connected use the tapered shapes or
the slot shapes calculations on Fig 5-
15
Flow Q = V x A where
V is face velocity at plane of the opening
A is cross sectional area of the opening
Find Hood SP, FV = 125 fpm
1 Hood Airflow = Q = V X A
125 ft/min x (60x60)/(1/144)2
= 3125 ft3/min
- Duct velocity = Q/A = Q*576/(pixD2)
= 3125*576/(3.14x144) = 3980 ft/min
- VPduct = (Vd/4005)2
= (3980/4005)2 = 0.99 w.c.
54
Find Hood SP
2 Slot Area = L x W x # slots

(3x2x36)/144 = 1.5 ft2
- Slot Velocity = V = Q/A
3125 ft3/min/(1.5 ft2) = 2083 ft/min
VPslot = (Vs/4005)2
(2083/4005)2 = 0.27 w.c.
Hood Entry Losses -

Transitions
55
Find Hood SP
3 Hood Entry Loss

he = Fs x VPs + Fh x VPd (fig.5-15)
Fs = 1.78 (sharp edged orifice)
Fh = 0.35 (120 degree rectangular)
he = 1.78x0.27+0.35x0.99 = 0.827
Find Hood SP
4 Hood Static Pressure

SPh = acceleration loss + hood loss
SPh = 1 x VPd + Fs x VPs + Fh x VPd
= 1 x VPd + he
SPh = 1x.99 + 0.827 = 1.82w.c.
56
Increasing Hood Face
Velocity
What are the ways the face velocity
could be increased to 150 ft/min?
Increasing Hood Face

Velocity
Option 1: Decrease opening size
A=Q/V=3125/150 = 21.8 ft2
Option 2: Increase exhaust air flow
Q=3125 x (150/125) = 3750 ft3/min
57
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+ The meeting room is currently muted.

Designing Dust Hoods for Better Containment

Board of Certified American Board of

*FEE DOES NOT APPLY TO ELEARNING SUBSCRIPTION MEMBERS

CERTIFICATION MAINTENANCE CONTD

*The deadline for participants to submit the processing fee and

*eLearning Subscribers have until February 28, 2015 to submit their

Types of hoods & enclosures,

Successful Hood Designs

Better Dust Hood Containment 8

Fig.A9-2: From American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Industrial

Courtesy Health & Safety Better Dust Hood Containment 11

Open Hood Suction

Courtesy Health & Safety Better Dust Hood Containment 12

Simple Hood (1 entry loss) Compound Hood (2 entry losses)

Hood Air Flow

Shape ~ Sphere less duct Shape Cylinder

Hoods - Physics of Air Flow 15

Hood Air Flow Patterns

Shape Half sphere

Hoods - Physics of Air Flow

Hood Air Flow Patterns

Fig. 4-3, Hemeons Plant & Process

Courtesy Health & Safety Better Dust Hood Containment 20

Vector diagram shows resultant dust

This Physics of Airflow must be

Canopy receiving hood

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23 Better Dust Hood Containment

Receiving Hoods Must

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Sealed Enclosures Level 3

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Air bleed for duct air makeup

Questions on Hood Types?

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Powders - range of particle diameters

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Settling Time vs. Diameter, microns

60 Stokes _ Settling _ Velocities

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

Seconds to fall 9 feet (3 meters)

Other particle characteristics

Visualizing Dust Sources High

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Dusty Displaced Air

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Entrained air from falling

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Room ventilation transports dust

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Dust generation VIBRATION

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Dust generation secondary air currents

Compressed air cylinder

Rotating machinery parts Courtesy Health & Safety