Word

Root Derivatives
Root: Root words are those words which from which other words are derived or in
other words from which other words are made.
i.e. the word Speak is a root word for the words Speaking, speaks, spoke speaker,
spoken.

Derivatives: Derivative words are those words which are derived from a root word or
in other words which are taken from a root word.
i.e. the words Speaking, speaks, spoke speaker, spoken are the derivatives of the root
word Speak.
 Primary Derivation is the process of forming a new word from a root
word by bringing some internal changes in the word.
i.e. Speak Spoke Run ran
 Secondary Derivation is the process of forming new words by adding
affixes to the root word.
i.e. Speak Speaker Speaking Speaks

1. Vocabulary: stock of words used by an individual or existing in a language; list

of words and their definitions in alphabetical order especially for the purpose of
learning.
2. Dictionary: reference source which provides information on a given list of terms
(i.e. translations, meaning, spelling, pronunciation, e.t.c.)
3. Lexicon: total number of morphemes within a language
4. Glossary: list of terms and definitions (usually at the end of a book); dictionary of
technical terms
5. Index: list of words or data at the end of book with a reference number indicating
page, chapter or unit

Lexicology
The study of LEXIS or stock of words in a language is called lexicology.

LEXICOLOGY

Morphology Etymology Semantics Lexicography

Etymology: it is the study of the origins and history of words.

Semantics: it is the study of meanings of words in a language.
Lexicography: it is the skill, practice or profession of writing dictionaries.
Morphology: it is the study of morphemes.
 Morpheme is the smallest meaningful (semantic) unit of a word.
 Lexical
Free

Morphemes Functional

Inflectional
Bound

Derivational

Free Morphemes: they are those morphemes which can give complete meaning alone
and can stand as a word alone.
 Lexical Morphemes are those morphemes which can take bound
morphemes and can change their grammatical group.
i.e. speak, teach, run, etc.

 Functional Morphemes are those morphemes which do not take bound

morphemes and do not change their grammatical group.
i.e. conjunctions, prepositions, articles, interjections, pronouns

Bound Morphemes: they are those morphemes which can not give a complete meaning
and has to be added a
 Inflectional Morphemes are those morphemes which are added at the end
of Lexical Morphemes, but do not change the grammatical group of
words.
Verb Verb Verb
Walk Walked Walks

 Derivational Morphemes are those morphemes which are added at the

end of the Lexical Free Morphemes, and do change the grammatical group
of the word.
Adjective Adverb
Happy Happily
Angry Angrily
Nice Nicely