Project Report on

SOLAR BASED GRASS CUTTER

5TH SEMESTER OF DIPLOMA IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

-: SUBMITTED BY:-
Gajjar Dharmik k. - 156240309024

Modi Dhruvik k. - 156240309050

Parmar Dixit n. - 156240309024

Damor Rakesh - 156240309020

Damor Dhaval -156240309021

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 CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that students mentioned below of Diploma
Mechanical Engineering, Semester 5 th have completed the work of
subject Project-I having title SOLAR BASED GRASS CUTTER.
They have undergone the process of shodhyatra, literature
survey and problem definition. They are supposed to carry out the
residue Project-Part-II work on the same problem during Semester-VI
for the final fulfillment of the project work which is prerequisite to
complete Diploma Engineering.
1. Gajjar Dharmik k - 156240309024
2. Modi Dhruvik k - 156240309050
3. Parmar Dixit n - 156240309024
4. Damor Rakesh - 156240309020
5. Damor Dhaval - 156240309021

Guide : Head of Department:

B.J.Patel D.R.Aggarwal

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 MEANING OF PROJECT

P= Planning before carring out the work

R= Row material required for the work

O= Organization of the work

J= Joint efforts put together in the work

E= Estimation of material required in the work

C=Costing of the work

T= Techniques used in performing the work

...

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It is our privilege to express thoughts to electrical department of

GOVERNMENTPOLYTECHNIC HIMATNAGAR for the help they
have extend in completion of the User defined problem and providing us an
opportunity to learn and get real exposure.

On working of this User defined problem in depth study presentation are

the sole requirement of good project. We are grateful to Mr. B.J.Patel Sir for
developing this asset in us. I cherish these excellent guidance, posit ive
response affectionate counseling and inspiration supervision.

(You should be thankful to your Guide and

the person who helps you to complete it)

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 INDEX

1. Abstract 6

2. Introduction 7

3. Solar Grass Cutter 17

4. Components Detail 23
5 Advantage and Disadvantage 31
6 Application 33
7 Future work 35
8 References 36

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 ABSTRACT

A Solar grass cutter is a machine that uses sliding blades to cut a lawn
at an even length. Even more sophisticated devices are there in every
field. Power consumption becomes essential for future. Solar grass
cutter is a very useful device which is very simple in construction. It is
used to maintain and upkeep lawns in gardens, schools, college s etc.
We have made some changes in the existing machine to make its
application easier at reduced cost. Our main aim in pollution control is
attained through this. Unskilled operation can operate easily and
maintain the lawn very fine and uniform surface look. In our project,
Solar grass cutter is used to cut the different grasses for the different
application.

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 CHAPTER: - 1
INTRODUCTION

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 INTRODUCTION

Moving the grass cutters with a standard motor powered grass cutters is
an inconvenience, and no one takes pleasure in it. Cutting grass cannot be
easily accomplished by elderly, younger, grass cutter moving with engine
create noise pollution due to the loud engine, and local air pollution due to
the combustion in the engine. Also, a motor powered engine requires
periodic maintenance such as changing the engine oil. Even though electric
solar grass is environmentally friendly, they too can be an inconvenience.
Along with motor powered grass cutter, electric grass cutters are also
hazardous and cannot be easily used by all. Also, if the electric grass cutter
is corded, mowing could prove to be problematic and dangerous. The
prototype will also be will be charged from sun by using solar panels.
What is Solar Energy?

Solar energy is radiant energy that is produced by sun. Every day

the sun radiates, or sends out, an enormous amount of energy. The sun
radiates more energy in one second than people have used since the
beginning of time!

Where does the energy come from that constantly is being radiated
from the sun? It comes from within the sun itself. Like other stars, the
sun is a big ball of gases- mostly hydrogen and helium atoms. The
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hydrogen atoms in the suns core combine to form helium and generate
energy in a process called nuclear fusion.
During nuclear fusion, the suns extremely high pressure and
temperature causes hydrogen atoms to come apart and their nuclei (the
central cores of the atoms) to fuse to become one helium atom. But the
helium atom contains less mass than the four hydrogen atoms that fused.
Some matter is lost during nuclear fusion. The lost matter is emitted into
space as radiant energy.
It takes millions of years for the energy in the suns core to make
its way to the solar surface, and then just a little over eight minutes to
travel the 93 million miles to earth. The solar energy travels to the earth
at a speed of 186,000 miles per second, the speed of light.

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 Solar energy is very large, inexhaustible source of energy. The
power from the sun interrupted by earth is approximately 1.8/10MW,
which are many thousands of times larger than the present
consumption rate on the earth of all energy sources. The quantum of
energy Indias land area receive from sun is equivalent to 15,000 time
sits consumption requirement (500 billion kWh) as projected for 2004.
In addition to its size, solar energy has two other factors in its favor.
Firstly, unlike fossil fuels and nuclear power, it is an environmentally
clean source of energy. Secondly, it is free and available in adequate
quantities in almost all parts of the world people live. But there are
some problems associated with its. The real challenge in utilizing solar
energy is of and economic concern. One has to strive for the
development of cheaper methods of collection and storage so that large
initial investments required at preset in most applications are reduced,
solar energy in India:

A large amount of solar radiation fall on India and for most of the
country very few days are without sunshine. India lies within the
latitude of 7 N to and 37 N with annual average intensity of solar
radiation as 500 to 600 cal/cm/day with more such insulations available
in arid and semi arid regions. Average solar radiation falling on India
in arid and semiarid regions is 7.5 K w h/m/day. Solar energy 5 10 K
w h/year potential to meet basic energy needs of teeming millions who
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 live in rural India. Solar energy is an important, clean, cheap and
abundantly available renewable energy. The sun radiates heat and light.
The heat, light received from the sun supports the environment on the
earth through the following well known natural effects.
1. Temperature balance on the earth
2. Photo-synthesis by biological plants production of oxygen and
organic materials, production of organic chemicals and bio-mass.
3. Wind due to unequal heating of water, land surfaces.
4. Heating of ocean water: ocean thermal energy (OTEC)
5. Waves in ocean: ocean wave energy
6. Tides in ocean: ocean tidal energy (due to gravitational forces)

The sun produces enormous amount of energy of heat and light

through sustained nuclear fusion reactions. The solar energy received
on the earth in the form of radiation is used for heating and producing
an electrical energy.
Among the non-conventional sources of energy solar energy is the
most promising. Hence our project is based on the solar energy conversion
to mechanical energy to run a normal grass cutter.

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SOLAR GRASS CUTTER ALSO KNOWN AS SOLAR
OPERATED LAWNMOWER

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OBJECTIVES:
For the manufacturing of a solar grass cutter we referred
various literature, papers etc. The review of previous method
used given below: In this lawn mower uses an solar based
energy source, which is easie r to use, more advantageous
comparing to other energy source especially for gas based
source of power .But our lawn cutter is based on solar because
this energy is a renewable energy source and it is easy to work.
So we made solar powered lawnmower.

HISTORY:

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 1. The first lawn mower was invented by Edwin Budding in 1830 just outside
Stroud, in Gloucestershire, England. Beddings mower was designed
primarily to cut the grass on sports grounds and extensive gardens, as a
superior alternative to the scythe, and was granted a British patent on August
31, 1830.

2. Buddings first machine was 19 inches (480 mm) wide with a frame made of

3. wrought iron. The mower was pushed from behind.

Improvement:

It took ten more years and further innovations to create a machine that could
be drawn by animals, and sixty years before a steam-powered lawn mower
was built.

In the 1850s, Thomas Green & Son of Leeds introduced a mower called the
Silens Messor (meaning silent cutter), which used a chain to transmit power
from the rear roller to the cutting cylinder.

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Rotary mowers:

(1) Rotary mowers were not developed until engines were small enough and
powerful enough to run the blades at sufficient speed. Many people
experimented with rotary blade mowers in the late 1920s and early 1930s,
and Power Specialties Ltd. introduced a gasoline-powered rotary mower.

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 CHAPTER:- 2
SOLAR GRASS
CUTTER

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 The lawn mower or grass cutter is made up of an induction motor,
a battery, an alternator, three collapsible blades, and a link mechanism.
The power and charging system comprises of an alternator which
charges the battery while in o peration. The D.C. motor forms the heart
of the machine and provides the driving force for the collapsible blades.
This is achieved by the combined effect of mechanical action of the
cutting blades and the forward thrust of the mower. The system is
powered by an electrical switch which completes the circuit comprising
the induction motor and the battery. The IR sensor is finding the path to
avoid the obstacles and machine damage. The shaft fitting mechanism
with which the height of cut is altered.

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Project description
Solar Operated Lawnmower
Our project is a battery powered automatic lawn mower
The user will wirelessly control the mower along a desired path

Function
1. Mower will have the ability to be controlled remotely
2. It will be able to store the desired mowing path in memory
3. It will have wheels that control forward and backward movement
as well as turning
4. Wireless interaction between mower, base station, and control
unit
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 5. Solar power to large battery to mower batteries
6. Micro-controller to interact with and control other components
(motors for blades/wheels, wireless component, compass, and
power management)

Working:

Coming to the working of solar powered grass cutter, it has panels mounted
in a particular arrangement at an angle of 45 degrees in such a way that it can
receive solar radiation with high intensity easily from the sun. These solar panels
convert solar energy into electrical energy as studied earlier. Now this electrical
energy is stored in batteries by using a solar charger. The main function of the
solar charger is to increase the current from the panels while batteries are charging,
it also disconnects the solar panels from the batteries when they are fully charged
and also connects to the panels when the charging in batteries is low. The motor is
connected to the batteries through connecting wires .Between these two
mechanical circuit breaker switch is provided. It starts and stops the working of the
motor. From this motor, the power transmits to the mechanism and this makes the
blade to slide on the fixed blade and this makes to cut the grass.

The working principle of solar grass cutter is it has panels mounted in a

particular arrangement at an in such a way that it can receive solar radiation with
high intensity easily from the sun. These solar panels convert solar energy into
electrical energy. This electrical energy is stored in batteries by using a solar
charger. The main function of the solar charger is to increase the current from the
panels while batteries are charging, it also disconnects the solar panels from the
batteries when they are fully charged and also connects to the panels when the
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charging in batteries is low. The motor is connected to the batteries through
connecting wires .Between these two mechanical circuit breaker switch is
provided. It starts and stops the working of the motor. From this motor, the power
transmits to the mechanism and this makes the blade to slide on the fixed blade and
this makes to cut the grass.

The designed solar powered lawnmower comprises of direct current (D.C)

motor, a rechargeable battery, solar panel, a stainless steel blade and control
switch. Mowing is achieved by the D.C motor which provides the required torque
needed to drive the stainless steel blade which is directly coupled to the shaft of the
D.C motor.

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 The solar powered lawnmower is operated by the switch on the board which
closes the circuit and allows the flow of current to the motor which in turn drive
the blade used for mowing. The battery recharges through the solar charging
controller. Performance evaluation of the developed machine was carried out with
different types of grasses.

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 CHAPTER:- 3
COMPONENT
DISCRIPTION

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Main parts
1. Solar panels
2. Wiper motor
3. 12 V Battery
4. 9 V Battery
5. Chain drive
6. Blades
7. Frame
8. Wheels

9. Sprockets

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 SOLAR PANEL

How Do Solar Panel Work?

A solar panel is a device that collects photons of sunlight, which are very small
packets of electromagnetic radiation energy, and converts them into electrical
current that can be used to power electrical loads.

Using solar panels is a very practical way to produce electricity for many
applications. The obvious would have to be off-grid living. Living off-grid means
living in a location that is not serviced by the main electric utility grid. Remote
homes and cabins benefit nicely from solar power systems. No longer is it
necessary to pay huge fees for the installation of electric utility poles and cabling
from the nearest main grid access point. A solar electric system is potentially less
expensive and can provide power for upwards of three decades if properly
maintained.

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.
BATTERY

1 The Battery (Dry Cell)

(How They Generate Electrical Power)

[1]1 The common battery (dry cell) is a device that changes chemical
energy to electrical energy. Dry cells are widely used in toys, flashlights,
portable radios, cameras, hearing aids, and other devices in common use.
A battery consists of an outer case made of zinc (the negative electrode),
a carbon rod in the center of the cell (the positive electrode), and the
space between them is filled with an electrolyte paste. In operation the
electrolyte, consisting of ground carbon,
[1]2 Manganese dioxide, Sal ammoniac, and zinc chloride causes the
electrons to flow and produce electricity.

[1]3 How do batteries work?

Electricity is the flow of electrons through a circuit or conductive
path like a wire. Batteries have three parts, an anode (-), a cathode (+), and
the electrolyte. The cathode and anode (the positive and negative sides at
either end of a smaller battery) are hooked up to an electrical circuit.

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WIPER MOTOR :

9V BATTERY :

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SPROCKETS:

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WHEELS

CHAIN DRIVE

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 1. Chain drive is a way of transmitting mechanical power from one place
to another. It is often used to convey power to the wheels of a vehicle,
particularly bicycles and motorcycles. It is also used in a wide variety
of machines besides vehicles.

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 CHAPTER:4
ADVANTAGES &
DISADVANTAGE

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 ADVANTAGES

They can be installed and pulled by hand.

Low maintenance
Unattended operation
Long life
Compact size and portable
Easy to move from one place to another place
Operating principle is simple.
Non-skilled person also operate this machine

DISADVANTAGES

Solar energy makes use of a renewable natural resource that is

readily available.
Large time required to remove the grass
Manually operated
Difficult to operate in rainy seasons

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 CHAPTER: - 6
APPLICATION

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 APPLICATION

For cricket ground.

The football ground.
All garden
All Playground

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 Future work
We completed our project successfully with the available sources. But the results
and modifications are not up to the expectations. This can be further improved by
incorporating the following modifications to obtain better results. The mechanism
which we used ie scotch yoke mechanism does not given excepted eff iciency. This
efficiency can be increased by using some other mechanism. and speed of motor is
reduce because we have used heavy material and this material can be replaced by
using light weight material .and design of blades should be done based on types o f
grass is used to cut. The project which we have done surly reaches the average
familes because the grass can be trimmed with minimum cost and with minimum
time Finally this project may give an inspiration to the people who can modify and
can obtain better results.

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 LIST OF REFERENCE

1. The solar entrepreneurs handbook, Wise publications

2. A project report on solar tracking system using hydraulic damper (MeRITS)
3. Non Conventional Energy sources by G.D.RAI, Khanna Publishers
4. A project report on solar powered bicycle (MeRITS)
5. WWW.solar grasspowered grass cutter.com [on line]
6. www.merits.tech.in

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