PROJECT REPORT

ON
Integration Of Renewable Energy Sources In Smart Grid

Submitted To

GALGOTIAS UNIVERSITY, GREATER NOIDA (U.P.)

Submitted By
Ashja Hamis Hashmi-14SECE101022
Mukund Narayan Tripathi-14SECE105007
Mohd. Farzan Alam-14SECE105017

Under The Guidance Of

Mr. Syed Afroz Ali
(Asst. Professor)

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS

ENGINEERING
GALGOTIAS UNIVERSITY, GREATER NOIDA
U.P.-201308
 PROJECT TOPIC
Integration Of Renewable Energy Sources In Smart grid

ABSTRACT
As electricity demands are increasing day by day causing unbalance in the present
grid system which results in various causes like load shedding, unbalance voltage
etc. which ultimately affects the consumers. Now to avoid all such situations the only
option is to meet the demand by increasing generation but, we are also lagging with
the conventional sources so generating more power is also not convenient by
conventional ways. Thus, use of Renewable is quite important.

Smart grids promise to facilitate the performance of the grid system. The power
industry has adopted smart grids that use information and communication
technologies, which may make electric power systems more reliable and efficient.

Renewable technology enhances the available energy resources. These

technologies also enable integration of higher levels of renewable energy and
conventional energy sources. The renewable sources are not dispatch-ablethe
power output cannot be controlled.

In this report, we consider path from conventional grid towards smart grid,
challenges against integration of renewable energy. And impact of solar on grid
stability, reliability of supply. Failure of grid which leads to total blackout which may
lead to renewable energy as one of the solution to reduce impact of blackout- case
study of total blackout
 INTRODUCTION

In recent years availability of power has both increased and improved but
demand has consistently outstripped supply and substantial energy and peak
shortages prevailed in recent years.
The selection of an energy resource for electricity generation is growing concern
about other aspects such as social, environmental and technological benefits and
consequences of the energy source selection. Adoption of System integration by
utilities will help to find ways to maintain the functionality of their current systems
while also riding the wave of innovative technology that keeps them ahead of the
competition. For integration of smart grid and renewable energy systems into a
integrated system needs broad range of skills These skills are likely to include
advance technology, interface procedures, and general problem solving skills. They
are likely to include new and challenging problems with an input from a broad range
of engineers where the system integration engineer "pulls it all together.

RENEWABLE ENERGY:-
Renewable energy is energy that is collected from renewable resources, which are
naturally replenished on a human timescale, such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides,
waves, and geothermal heat. Renewable energy often provides energy in four
important areas: electricity generation, air and water heating/cooling, transportation,
and rural (off-grid) energy services.

Most renewable forms of energy, other than geothermal and tidal power, ultimately
derive from solar energy. Energy from biomass derives from plant material produced
by photosynthesis using power of the sun.

Renewable energy resources may be used directly, or used to create other more
convenient forms of energy.
Examples of direct use are solar ovens, geothermal heating and water &windmills.
Examples of Indirect use which require energy harvesting are electricity generation
through wind turbines or photovoltaic cells (PV cells).

MODERN SOURCES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

Some Basic Modern Sources of Renewable Energy are:-

1. SOLAR ENERGY
2. WIND ENERGY
3. HYDROELECTRIC ENERGY
4. GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
5. BIOFUEL
 SMART GRID

The Smart Grid is a compilation of concepts, technologies, and operating practices

intended to bring the electric grid into the 21st century.A smart grid is an electric grid
system where all accomplices in the grid system (i.e.electricity generators, transmission
and distribution operators, electricity consumers) communicate and work with each other
to raise the efficiency and reliability of the grid.

The smart grid delivers electricity to consumers using two-way digital technology to
enable the more efficient management of consumers end uses of electricity as well as
The more efficient use of the grid to identify and correct supply demand-imbalances
Instantaneously and detect faults in a self-healing process that improves service
quality, enhances reliability, and reduces costs.

The smart grid is more than simply installing smart meters by bringing an information
Technology to the electric grid, we will develop numerous applications that use the
devices, networking and communications technology, and control and data management
systems.
 TOOLS TO BE USED

Tools which are used to implement the project are:-

1. Arduino Uno
2. Solar Panel
3. Voltage Sensor
4. Current Sensor
5. Data Logger
6. Standard Time Synchronization Sensor

1) Arduino Uno:-

UNO is a microcontroller based on AT Mega 328P. It has 14 digital input- output

pins. 6 pins are for PWM outputs, 6 pins act as analog input pins. 16 MHz crystal
USB connector power jack is attached, consists of a LCSP header and reset
button. UNO contains everything needed to support any normal microcontroller.
In UNO connections can be established by connecting Arduino to personal
computer with a USB cable, power with AC to DC adapter can be provided or
battery to get started.

2) Solar Panel:-
Solar Panels are those devices which are used to absorb the suns rays and
convert them into electricity or heat. Solar Panel is actually a collection of solar
cells, which can be used to generate electricity through photovoltaic effect. These
cells are arranged in a grid-like pattern on the surface of solar panels.

3) Voltage Sensor:-

A voltage Sensor is going to be able to determine and even monitor and measure
the voltage supply. It is able to take those measurements and turn them into a signal
that one will then be able to read.

4) Current Sensor:-

A Current Sensor is a device electric current (AC or DC) in a wire, and generates a
signal proportional to that current. The generated signal could be analog voltage or
current or even a digital output. The generated signal can be then used to display the
measured current in the ammeter, or can be stored for further analysis.
 5) Data Logger:-
Data Logger is any device that can be used to store data. This including many
data acquisition devices such as plug-in boards or serial communication systems
which use a computer as a real time data recording system. Nowadays, wireless
transmitters are also capable of turning a regular smart phone (or tablets) into a
mobile data logger.