FAC.

DE INGINERIE MECANICA
Cat. de Autovehicule i Motoare

PROIECT
la
PCMAI

Tema: Motor cu aprindere prin comprimare

(1.9 TDI, 96KW)

Student: Luka Levente

Secia AR
Anul III, grupa 1143
ndrumtor: Sef.lucr.dr.ing. Sebastian Radu

Anul universitar 2016-2017

Semestrul II
1
 Cuprins

1.Studiu de nivel................................................................................................................................3
2.Calculul termic al motorului cu aprindere prin comprimare.............................................................4
1.1.Alegerea parametrilor iniatiali
1.2.Parametrii proceselor de schimbare a gazelor
1.3.Parametrii procesului de comprimare
1.4.Parametrii procesului de ardere
1.5.Destinderea
1.6.Parametrii principali ai motorului
1.7.Dimensiuni fundamentale ale motorului
3.Caracteristica externa....................................................................................................................6
3.Diagrama indicata..........................................................................................................................8
4.Calculul cinematic.........................................................................................................................10
5.Determinarea fortelor in mecanismul biela manivela.................................................................12
6.Diagrama momentului total...........................................................................................................16
7.Diagramele de uzura ale fusului palier si maneton.......................................................................18
8.Variatia fortelor N,S,T,Z si momentul monocilindrului...................................................................20
9.Variatia fortelor T', Z', Rm, Rp.......................................................................................................24
10.Anexe.........................................................................................................................................29

2
 1.Studiu de nivel
Motorul diesel este un motor cu ardere intern n care combustibilul se aprinde datorit
temperaturii ridicate create de comprimarea aerului necesar arderii, i nu prin utilizarea unui
dispozitiv auxiliar, aa cum ar fi bujia n cazul motorului cu aprindere prin scnteie.

Tip motor 1.9 TDI (130 Hp)

Putere 130 CP /4000 rot/min
Volumul motorului 1896 cm3
Cuplu 285 Nm /1750-2500 rot/min
Sistemul de combustibil Diesel - Turbo Diesel Injection
Tipul turbinei Turbo compresor / Intercooler
Raport de compresie 19.5

Un motor aspirat este un motor la care introducerea aerului n motor se face datorit depresiunii
creat de deplasarea pistonului ctre arborele cotit n timpul cursei de admisie. Se numete aspirat
deoarece aerul este introdus la o presiune inferioar presiunii atmosferice (< 1 bar). n cazul
motoarelor supraalimentate aerul, nainte de a fi introdus n cilindru, este precomprimat de un
compresor, presiunea ajungnd la valori de pn la 2.5 3 bari. Turbo este termenul care arat
c gazele de evacuare sunt utilizate, prin intermediul unei turbine, pentru a pune n
micare compresorul.
Randamentul unui motor turbosupraalimentat este mai bun dect cel al unui motor supraalimentat
mecanic, deoarece turbosuflanta nu utilizeaz o parte din puterea motorului pentru comprimarea
amestecului proaspt, ci folosete energia gazelor de evacuare pentru a realiza acest lucru. Pe de
alt parte, agregatul de turbosupraalimentare nrutete evacuarea gazelor arse din cilindru prin
frnarea lor n turbin.
Agregatul de turbosupraalimentare utilizeaz o parte a energiei coninut n gazele de evacuare
pentru a antrena o turbin. Aceasta antreneaz la rndul ei un compresor centrifugal, (suflanta),
care se afl pe acelai arbore cu turbina i care comprim amestecul proaspt.
3
 1.Calculul termic al motorului cu aprindere prin comprimare
Calculul termic al ciclurilor motoarelor are ca scop determinarea marimilor de stare ale fluidului
motor pentru trasarea diagramei indicate. Cu ajutorul calculului termic se pot determina : alezajul si
cursa pistonului, fortele necesare calculului de rezistenta al motorului si unii parametri caracteristici, ca
de exemplu puterea si economicitatea motorului.

In cazul motoarelor existente calculul termic poate servi pentru interpretarea diagramei
indicate si pentru trasarea diagramei indicate, daca inregistrarea diagramei indicate experimental
nu este posibila.

In cele ce urmeza se prezinta calculul termic al motorului avand urmatoarele caracteristici:

Puterea nominala a motorului: Pn= 96 kW

Pn= 130,56 CP
Turatia nominala a motorului: nn= 4000 rot/min
Nr de cilindrii ai motorului: i= 4 cilindrii amplasati in linie

1.1.Alegerea parametrilor iniatiali

>temperatura initiala: Ts= 360,342324 K

>presiunea initiala: ps= 2,5 *10^5 N/m^2
>temperatura gazelor reziduale: Tr= 900 K
>presiunea gazelor reziduale: pr= 2,4 *10^5 N/m^2
>coeficientul de exces de aer: = 1,4
>raportul de comprimare: = 19
>presiune atmosferica p0= 1,02 *10^5 N/m^2

1.2.Parametrii proceselor de schimbare a gazelor

>presiunea la sfarsitul admisiei: pa= 2,45 *10^5 N/m^2

>preincalzirea amestecului: T= 15 K
>coeficientul de postumplere: p= 1,14

Coeficientul gazelor reziduale: r= (To+T)*pr/(Tr*(*pa*p-pr))= 0,019755

Temperatura la sfarsitul admisiei: Ta= (To+T+r*Tr)/(1+r)= 385,506
Coeficientul de umplere: v= (pa*To**p)/(po*Ta*(-1)*(1+r))= 1,080937

1.3.Parametrii procesului de comprimare

Coeficientul politropic de comprimare: n1= 1,3

Presiunea la sfarsitul comprimarii: pc= pa*^n1= 112,601912 *10^5 N/m^2
Temperatura la sfarsitul comprimarii: Tc= Ta*^n1-1= 932,518029 K

1.4.Parametrii procesului de ardere

c= 0,857 kg
h= 0,133 kg
o= 0,01 kg
Qi= 41868 kJ/kg

Coeficientul de utilizare a caldurii: = 0,8

Coeficientul de crestere a presiunii: = 1,7
Aerul minim necesar arderii a 1 kg
de combustibil: Lmin= (1/0,21)*((c/12)+(h/4)-(o/32))= 0,496925 kmol aer/
Cantitatea de aer necesara arderii kg comb
(reala): L= *Lmin= 0,69569444 kmol aer/kg comb
4
Coeficientul teoretic de variatie molara
a incarcaturii proaspete: o= (L+(h/4)+(o/32))/L= 1,04824316
Coeficientul real de variatie molara
a incarcaturii proaspete: f= (o+r)/(1+r)= 1,04730859
Caldura specifica molara medie a
amestecului initial: Cv`= 20+17,4*10^(-3)*Tc= 36,2258137 kJ/kmolK

Caldura specifica molara medie a

gazelor de ardere pt >1: Cv``= (20+(9,2/))+((13,8/)+15,5)*10^(-4)*Tz=
26,5714286 + 0,00253571 *Tz
Temperatura la sfarsitul arderii: Tz (*Qi)/(*Lmin(1+r))+(Cv`+RM*)*Tc=(Cv``+RM)*f*Tz
0,00265568 *Tz^2+ 36,5358091 *Tz- 94173,85
= 2335,24604
Tz= 2219,50592
Presiunea la sfarsitul arderii: pz= pz`=*pc= 191,423251 *10^5 N/m^2
Gradul de destindere prealabila: = (Vz/Vc)=(f*Tz)/(*Tc)= 1,46630669

1.5.Destinderea

Coeficientul politropic al destinderii: n2= 1,25

Gradul de destindere: = Vb/Vz=/= 12,9577258
Presiunea la sfarsitul destinderii: pb= pz/^n2= 7,78634615 *10^5 N/m^2
Temperatura la sfarsitul destinderii: Tb= Tz/^(n2-1)= 1169,83366 K

1.6.Parametrii principali ai motorului

Coeficientul de rotunjire a diagramei: r= 0,9

Randamentul mecanic: m= 0,76
(pc/(-1))*(*(-1)+(*)/(n2-1)(1-1/^(n2-1))-(1/(n1-1))*(1-1/^(n1-
Presiunea medie a ciclului teoretic: pi`= 1))=
pi`= 22,225965 *10^5 N/m^2
Presiunea medie indicata: pi= r*pi`= 20,0033685 *10^5 N/m^2
Randamentul indicat al motorului: i= RM*pi*Mi*To/(po*v*Qi)= RM*pi**Lmin*To/(po*v*Qi)=
i= 0,36848883
Presiunea medie efectiva: pe= m*pi= 15,20256 *10^5 N/m^2
Randamentul efectiv al motorului: e= m*i= 0,28005151
Consumul specific efectiv
3600/(e*Qi)
de combustibil: ge= = 307,031098

1.7.Dimensiuni fundamentale ale motorului

Raportul cursa-alezaj: = S/D= 1,2

Capacitatea cilindrica necesara: Vh= 120000*Pn/(pe*n*i)= 0,47360444 l
D= (4*Vh/*)^(1/3)= 79,5034211 mm
S= *D= 80 mm
Viteza medie a pistonului: wm= S*n/30= 10,6666667 m/s
Cilindreea totala a motorului: Vt= i*Vh= 1,89441778 l
Puterea litrica a motorului: Pl= Pn/Vt= 50,6752001 kW/l

Volumul la sfarsitul admisiei: Va= Vh*/(-1)= 0,4999158 l

Volumul la sfarsitul compresiei: Vc= Va/= 0,02631136
Vz= *Vc= 0,03858052

5
 2.Caracteristica externa

nm= 4000 rot/min

1= 0,75
2= 1,5
3= -1,25
Pm= 96 kW
Mm= 229,2994 Nm
nM= 2400 rot/min
MM= 275,1592 Nm
c min= 300 g/kWh

n [rot/min] Pe [KW] Me [Nm] ge [g/kWh] Ge [kg/h]

1000 25,125 240,0478 343,8806 8,64
1100 28,194 244,8846 337,08851 9,504
1200 31,320 249,3631 331,03448 10,368
1300 34,491 253,4833 325,65371 11,232
1400 37,695 257,2452 320,89136 12,096
1500 40,922 260,6489 316,70103 12,96
1600 44,160 263,6943 313,04348 13,824
1700 47,398 266,3814 309,88568 14,688
1800 50,625 268,7102 307,2 15,552
1900 53,829 270,6807 304,9636 16,416
2000 57,000 272,293 303,15789 17,28
2100 60,126 273,547 301,76817 18,144
2200 63,195 274,4427 300,78329 19,008
2300 66,197 274,9801 300,19544 19,872
2400 69,120 275,1592 300 20,736
2500 71,953 274,9801 300,19544 21,6
2600 74,685 274,4427 300,78329 22,464
2700 77,304 273,547 301,76817 23,328
2800 79,800 272,293 303,15789 24,192
2900 82,161 270,6807 304,9636 25,056
3000 84,375 268,7102 307,2 25,92
3100 86,432 266,3814 309,88568 26,784
3200 88,320 263,6943 313,04348 27,648
3300 90,028 260,6489 316,70103 28,512
3400 91,545 257,2452 320,89136 29,376
3500 92,859 253,4833 325,65371 30,24
3600 93,960 249,3631 331,03448 31,104
3700 94,836 244,8846 337,08851 31,968
3800 95,475 240,0478 343,8806 32,832
3900 95,867 234,8527 351,48741 33,696
4000 96,000 229,2994 360 34,56
4100 95,863 223,3877 369,52686 35,424
4200 95,445 217,1178 380,19802 36,288
4300 94,734 210,4896 392,17021 37,152
4400 93,720 203,5032 405,6338 38,016
4500 92,391 196,1584 420,82192 38,88
4600 90,735 188,4554 438,02281 39,744
4700 88,742 180,3941 457,59682 40,608
4800 86,400 171,9745 480 41,472
4900 83,698 163,1967 505,81778 42,336
5000 80,625 154,0605 535,81395 43,2

6
n [rot/min] Pe [KW] Me [Nm] ge [g/kWh Ge [kg/h]
1000 25,125 240,0478 22,92537 8,64
1100 28,194 244,8846 22,47257 9,504
1200 31,320 249,3631 22,06897 10,368
1300 34,491 253,4833 21,71025 11,232
1400 37,695 257,2452 21,39276 12,096
1500 40,922 260,6489 21,1134 12,96
1600 44,160 263,6943 20,86957 13,824
1700 47,398 266,3814 20,65905 14,688
1800 50,625 268,7102 20,48 15,552
1900 53,829 270,6807 20,33091 16,416
2000 57,000 272,293 20,21053 17,28
2100 60,126 273,547 20,11788 18,144
2200 63,195 274,4427 20,05222 19,008
2300 66,197 274,9801 20,01303 19,872
2400 69,120 275,1592 20 20,736
2500 71,953 274,9801 20,01303 21,6
2600 74,685 274,4427 20,05222 22,464
2700 77,304 273,547 20,11788 23,328
2800 79,800 272,293 20,21053 24,192
2900 82,161 270,6807 20,33091 25,056
3000 84,375 268,7102 20,48 25,92
3100 86,432 266,3814 20,65905 26,784
3200 88,320 263,6943 20,86957 27,648
3300 90,028 260,6489 21,1134 28,512
3400 91,545 257,2452 21,39276 29,376
3500 92,859 253,4833 21,71025 30,24
3600 93,960 249,3631 22,06897 31,104
3700 94,836 244,8846 22,47257 31,968
3800 95,475 240,0478 22,92537 32,832
3900 95,867 234,8527 23,43249 33,696
4000 96,000 229,2994 24 34,56
4100 95,863 223,3877 24,63512 35,424
4200 95,445 217,1178 25,34653 36,288
4300 94,734 210,4896 26,14468 37,152
4400 93,720 203,5032 27,04225 38,016
4500 92,391 196,1584 28,05479 38,88
4600 90,735 188,4554 29,20152 39,744
4700 88,742 180,3941 30,50645 40,608
4800 86,400 171,9745 32 41,472
4900 83,698 163,1967 33,72119 42,336
5000 80,625 154,0605 35,72093 43,2

7
 3.Diagrama indicata

S= 0,08 m
b= 0,277777778
= 1,2
D= 0,079503421 m
pa= 245000 N/m^2
Ap= 0,004961823 m^2
Vc= 0,026311358 l
Vz= 0,03858052 l
Va= 0,499915803 l
pz= 19142325,07 N/m^2
n1= 1,3
n2= 1,25
pr= 240000 N/m^2

a= 35 RAC
ev= 40 RAC
x inj= S/2*[(1-cos(a))+(b/4)*(1-cos(2*s))]= 9,06164 mm
x ev= S/2*[(1-cos(ev))-(b/4)*(1-cos(2*ev))]= 7,062801 mm

Vx= Sx*1000*Ap+Vc
Px= pa*((Va/Vx)^n1) Compresie
Px= pz*((Vz/Vx)^n2) Destindere

[RAC] Sx [m] Vx [l] Px [N/m^2]

0 0 0,02631136 105000
10 0,00077521 0,03015781 245000
20 0,003062172 0,04150531 245000
30 0,006747873 0,05979311 245000
40 0,011653644 0,08413468 245000
50 0,017548629 0,11338456 245000
60 0,024166667 0,14622209 245000
70 0,031224873 0,18124366 245000
80 0,038442108 0,2170543 245000
90 0,045555556 0,25234997 245000
100 0,052333962 0,28598323 245000
110 0,058586485 0,31700714 245000
120 0,064166667 0,34469502 245000
130 0,068971638 0,36853644 245000
140 0,072937199 0,38821285 245000
150 0,076029905 0,40355831 245000
160 0,078237581 0,41451241 245000
170 0,079559831 0,42107318 245000
180 0,08 0,42325722 245000
190 0,079559831 0,42107318 306243,698
200 0,078237581 0,41451241 312559,866
210 0,076029905 0,40355831 323633,7662
220 0,072937199 0,38821285 340362,0491
230 0,068971638 0,36853644 364172,7512
240 0,064166667 0,34469502 397252,375
250 0,058586485 0,31700714 442937,2968
260 0,052333962 0,28598323 506394,8436
270 0,045555556 0,25234997 595837,4105
280 0,038442108 0,2170543 724758,1176
290 0,031224873 0,18124366 916200,1044
300 0,024166667 0,14622209 1211197,982

8
310 0,017548629 0,11338456 1685822,848
320 0,011653644 0,08413468 2484645,583
330 0,006747873 0,05979311 3873339,139
340 0,003062172 0,04150531 6225829,309
350 0,00077521 0,03015781 9430010,499
360 0 0,02631136 11260191,22
360 0 0,02631136 27956727,14
370 0,000440169 0,0284954 27956727,14
380 0,001762419 0,03505617 21577406,35
390 0,003970095 0,04601027 15359827,56
400 0,007062801 0,06135573 10718546,93
410 0,011028362 0,08103214 7570649,716
420 0,015833333 0,10487356 5484313,557
430 0,021413515 0,13256144 4091977,979
440 0,027666038 0,16358535 3146112,769
450 0,034444444 0,1972186 2490404,767
460 0,041557892 0,23251427 2027182,114
470 0,048775127 0,26832492 1694839,336
480 0,055833333 0,30334649 1453888,397
490 0,062451371 0,33618402 1278596,332
500 0,068346356 0,3654339 1151976,851
510 0,073252127 0,38977547 1062763,579
520 0,076937828 0,40806326 1003564,788
530 0,07922479 0,41941076 550000
540 0,08 0,42325722 300000
550 0,07922479 0,41941076 150000
560 0,076937828 0,40806326 240000
570 0,073252127 0,38977547 240000
580 0,068346356 0,3654339 240000
590 0,062451371 0,33618402 240000
600 0,055833333 0,30334649 240000
610 0,048775127 0,26832492 240000
620 0,041557892 0,23251427 240000
630 0,034444444 0,1972186 240000
640 0,027666038 0,16358535 240000
650 0,021413515 0,13256144 240000
660 0,015833333 0,10487356 240000
670 0,011028362 0,08103214 240000
680 0,007062801 0,06135573 240000
690 0,003970095 0,04601027 240000
700 0,001762419 0,03505617 240000
710 0,000440169 0,0284954 240000
720 0 0,02631136 105000

9
 4.Calculul cinematic

b= 0,2777778
R= 40 mm
S= 80 mm
= 418,66667
n= 4000 rot/min

Sx= R*[(1-cos)+(b/4)*(1-cos2*)]
vx= R**[sin+(b/2)*sin2*]
j= R*^2*[cos+(b/4)*cos2*]

alfa [RAC] Sx [mm] vx [m/s] j [m/s^2]

0 0 0 8958,8464
10 0,7752104 3,703541667 8734,8763
20 3,0621717 7,2227737 8080,369
30 6,7478727 10,38764427 7045,7265
40 11,653644 13,05513972 5709,1382
50 17,548629 15,11928083 4168,5653
60 24,166667 16,5173497 2531,8479
70 31,224873 17,23179546 906,06671
80 38,442108 17,28776069 -612,62769
90 45,555556 16,74666667 -1947,5753
100 52,333962 15,69673365 -3047,6166
110 58,586485 14,24164272 -3889,9252
120 64,166667 12,48872782 -4479,4232
130 68,971638 10,53810106 -4844,9511
140 72,937199 8,473959952 -5032,7524
150 76,029905 6,359022394 -5098,1512
160 78,237581 4,232620967 -5096,5105
170 79,559831 2,11251463 -5074,632
180 80 1,48179E-15 -5063,6958
190 79,559831 -2,11251463 -5074,632
200 78,237581 -4,232620967 -5096,5105
210 76,029905 -6,359022394 -5098,1512
220 72,937199 -8,473959952 -5032,7524
230 68,971638 -10,53810106 -4844,9511
240 64,166667 -12,48872782 -4479,4232
250 58,586485 -14,24164272 -3889,9252
260 52,333962 -15,69673365 -3047,6166
270 45,555556 -16,74666667 -1947,5753
280 38,442108 -17,28776069 -612,62769
290 31,224873 -17,23179546 906,06671
300 24,166667 -16,5173497 2531,8479
310 17,548629 -15,11928083 4168,5653
320 11,653644 -13,05513972 5709,1382
330 6,7478727 -10,38764427 7045,7265
340 3,0621717 -7,2227737 8080,369
350 0,7752104 -3,703541667 8734,8763
360 0 -5,24327E-15 8958,8464

10
alfa [RAC Sx*10 [mm vx [m/s] j/10 [m/s^2]
0 0 0 89588,46
10 0,155042 3,919529 87348,76
20 0,612434 7,644 80803,69
30 1,349575 10,99344 70457,27
40 2,330729 13,81651 57091,38
50 3,509726 16,00103 41685,65
60 4,833333 17,48063 25318,48
70 6,244975 18,23674 9060,667
80 7,688422 18,29597 -6126,28
90 9,111111 17,72332 -19475,8
100 10,46679 16,61215 -30476,2
110 11,7173 15,0722 -38899,3
120 12,83333 13,21706 -44794,2
130 13,79433 11,15267 -48449,5
140 14,58744 8,968155 -50327,5
150 15,20598 6,729876 -50981,5
160 15,64752 4,479464 -50965,1
170 15,91197 2,235715 -50746,3
180 16 1,57E-15 -50637
190 15,91197 -2,23571 -50746,3
200 15,64752 -4,47946 -50965,1
210 15,20598 -6,72988 -50981,5
220 14,58744 -8,96815 -50327,5
230 13,79433 -11,1527 -48449,5
240 12,83333 -13,2171 -44794,2
250 11,7173 -15,0722 -38899,3
260 10,46679 -16,6122 -30476,2
270 9,111111 -17,7233 -19475,8
280 7,688422 -18,296 -6126,28
290 6,244975 -18,2367 9060,667
300 4,833333 -17,4806 25318,48
310 3,509726 -16,001 41685,65
320 2,330729 -13,8165 57091,38
330 1,349575 -10,9934 70457,27
340 0,612434 -7,644 80803,69
350 0,155042 -3,91953 87348,76
360 0 -5,5E-15 89588,46

11
 5.Determinarea fortelor in mecanismul biela manivela

Forta de presiune a gazelor

Variatia de presiune a gazelor in functie de cursa pistonului sau de unghiul de rotatie al arborelui cotit se
determina dupa diagrama indicata. Aceasta diagrama reda in mod normal variatia presiunii gazelor in
functie de cursa pistonului.
Forta de presiune a gazelor de determina cu relatia:
Fg = (pg p0)Ap,
Ap aria suprafetei capului pistonului,
pg presiunea gazelor in cilindru dupa diagrama indicata;
p0 presiunea mediului ambiant.
Prin urmare, diagrama indicata desfasurata va reprezenta la o scara corespunzatoare variatia fortei data
de presiunea gazelor in functie de unghiul de rotatie al arborelui cotit, Fg =f(). Forta de presiune a gazelor
este indreptata dupa axa cilindrului si poate fi considerata aplicata in axa boltului de piston. Aceasta forta
este considerata pozitiva cand este orientata spre axa arborelui cotit si negativa cand este orientata in sens
invers (la pg<p0).
Fortele de inertie ale maselor in miscare de translatie Fj

Se determina prin multiplicarea maselor mj, considerate in axa boltului de piston, cu acceleratia
pistonului, adica:
Fj = -mjj
Masele aflate in miscare de translatie sunt constituite din masa pistonului asamblat, mp, cuprinzand
masa pistonului, segmentilor, boltului si sigurantelor acestuia si o parte din masa bielei m1b, care se
considera concentrata in axa piciorului acestei. Astfel:
mj = mp+mIb
Intreaga masa a bielei se considera aproximativ concentrata in cele doua axe in care este articulata,
respectiv in axa piciorului bielei, m1b, respectiv in axa capului bielei, m2b. Prima compponenta a masei
bielei este luata in calcul la determinarea fortei de inertie Fj, iar a doua componenta, m2b, se adauga maselor
rotitoare ale manivelei.

Fg= (pg-p0)*Ap
Fj= mj*R*^2*(cos+b*cos2*)
F= Fg+Fj

p0= 250000 N/m^2

Ap= 0,004961823 m^2
mp= 200 g
mp1= mp*Ap= 9,92364652
mb= 340 g
mb1= mb*Ap= 16,8701991
m1b= 0,275*mb1= 4,63930475
m2b= 0,725*mb1= 12,2308943
mj= mp1+m1b= 14,5629513
mj1= (mp1+m1b)*Ap= 0,07225879
R= 0,04 m
= 418,6666667
b= 0,277777778

12
 Fortele de inertie Fj, se pot exprima , tinand seama de expresia generalizata a expresiei acceleratiei
pistonului sub forma urmatoare:
Fj = -mjR2(cos+cos2+ksin)
Forta sumara care actioneaza de-a lungul axei cilindrului este egala cu suma algebrica a fortei create de
presiunea gazelor Fg si forta de inertie Fj, adica:
F = Fg + Fj
Forta F se calculeaza tabelar si se construieste curba F = f().
Fig. - Fortele si momentele care actioneaza in mecanismul biela manivela

In figura de mai sus se prezinta schema de descompunere a fortelor sumare F. Forta F aplicata i axa
boltului se descompune in doua componente, una de sprijin, normala la axa cilindrului N, si una dupa axa
bielei B.
N = Ftg [N]
S = F/cos [N]
Calcul fortelor N si B se face tabelar si se construiesc curbele N = f() si B = f().
In axa fusului maneton, forta S se descompune in doua componente, una radiala Z, si una tangentiala T,
expresiile lor fiind urmatoarele:

Pe baza calculului tabelar al valorilor fortelor T si Z se traseaza curbele T=f() si Z=f().

Forta tangentiala T este singura forta care produce momentul motor. Expresia momentului motor este:

Raza manivelei R fiind constanta curba de variatie a momentului motor functie de unghiul depinde numai
de variatia fortei T functie de unghiul .
Momentul monocilindrului se repeta dupa efectuarea fiecarui ciclu, deci perioada momentului motor este
egala cu perioada unui ciclu nc.

13
 [RAC] Px [N/m^2] Fg [N] Fj [N] F=Fg+Fj [N]
0 105000 -719,46437 -647,355405 -1366,819777
10 245000 -24,809116 -631,171594 -655,9807107
20 245000 -24,809116 -583,877687 -608,686803
30 245000 -24,809116 -509,115677 -533,9247935
40 245000 -24,809116 -412,535418 -437,3445346
50 245000 -24,809116 -301,215485 -326,0246018
60 245000 -24,809116 -182,948267 -207,7573828
70 245000 -24,809116 -65,4712842 -90,28040051
80 245000 -24,809116 44,2677361 19,4586198
90 245000 -24,809116 140,729436 115,9203195
100 245000 -24,809116 220,217089 195,4079723
110 245000 -24,809116 281,081289 256,2721725
120 245000 -24,809116 323,677702 298,8685861
130 245000 -24,809116 350,090306 325,2811893
140 245000 -24,809116 363,660598 338,8514818
150 245000 -24,809116 368,386241 343,5771251
160 245000 -24,809116 368,267682 343,4585659
170 245000 -24,809116 366,68677 341,8776534
180 245000 -24,809116 365,896533 341,0874168
190 306243,698 279,071289 366,68677 645,7580583
200 312559,866 310,410998 368,267682 678,6786805
210 323633,7662 365,357734 368,386241 733,7439753
220 340362,0491 448,360517 363,660598 812,0211152
230 364172,7512 566,505012 350,090306 916,5953179
240 397252,375 730,640259 323,677702 1054,317961
250 442937,2968 957,320767 281,081289 1238,402055
260 506394,8436 1272,1859 220,217089 1492,402987
270 595837,4105 1715,98411 140,729436 1856,713543
280 724758,1176 2355,66587 44,2677361 2399,933606
290 916200,1044 3305,56717 -65,4712842 3240,095889
300 1211197,982 4769,2945 -182,948267 4586,346234
310 1685822,848 7124,2992 -301,215485 6823,083719
320 2484645,583 11087,9164 -412,535418 10675,38101
330 3873339,139 17978,3684 -509,115677 17469,25273
340 6225829,309 29651,0089 -583,877687 29067,13117
350 9430010,499 45549,5896 -631,171594 44918,41801
360 11260191,22 54630,6229 -647,355405 53983,26745
370 27956727,14 137475,883 -631,171594 136844,7115
380 27956727,14 137475,883 -583,877687 136892,0054
390 21577406,35 105822,821 -509,115677 105313,7052
400 15359827,56 74972,2938 -412,535418 74559,7584
410 10718546,93 51943,0796 -301,215485 51641,86414
420 7570649,716 36323,77 -182,948267 36140,82176
430 5484313,557 25971,7387 -65,4712842 25906,26746
440 4091977,979 19063,2157 44,2677361 19107,48343
450 3146112,769 14369,9997 140,729436 14510,72913
460 2490404,767 11116,4925 220,217089 11336,70957
470 2027182,114 8818,06355 281,081289 9099,144835
480 1694839,336 7169,03742 323,677702 7492,715127
490 1453888,397 5973,48145 350,090306 6323,571757
500 1278596,332 5103,7132 363,660598 5467,3738
510 1151976,851 4475,44972 368,386241 4843,835958
520 1062763,579 4032,78923 368,267682 4401,056914
530 1003564,788 3739,05529 366,68677 4105,742059
540 550000 1488,54698 365,896533 1854,443511
550 300000 248,091163 366,68677 614,7779326
560 150000 -496,18233 368,267682 -127,9146437
14
570 240000 -49,618233 368,386241 318,7680088
580 240000 -49,618233 363,660598 314,0423656
590 240000 -49,618233 350,090306 300,472073
600 240000 -49,618233 323,677702 274,0594698
610 240000 -49,618233 281,081289 231,4630562
620 240000 -49,618233 220,217089 170,598856
630 240000 -49,618233 140,729436 91,11120322
640 240000 -49,618233 44,2677361 -5,350496489
650 240000 -49,618233 -65,4712842 -115,0895168
660 240000 -49,618233 -182,948267 -232,5664991
670 240000 -49,618233 -301,215485 -350,8337181
680 240000 -49,618233 -412,535418 -462,1536509
690 240000 -49,618233 -509,115677 -558,7339098
700 240000 -49,618233 -583,877687 -633,4959193
710 240000 -49,618233 -631,171594 -680,789827
720 240000 -49,618233 -647,355405 -696,9736373

15
 6.Diagrama momentului total

Pentru realizarea unei succesiuni optime de functionare a cilindrilor motorului si o

echilibrare naturala cat mai completa a fortelor de inertie si a momentelor acestora, trebuie
stabilita o anumita pozitie relativa a manivelelor arborelui cotit.
Succesiunea optima de functionare se stabileste din conditia distributiei uniforme a
exploziilor succesive dintre doi cilindrii vecini, pentru a nu rezulta sarcini medii prea mari
pe fusurile paliere dintre acestia.
Pentru o achilibrare naturala cat mai completa a fortelor de inertie si a momentelor acestor
forte trebuie cautate acele pozitii relative ale manivelelor arborelui cotit pentru care fortele
centrifuge de ordin I si II se anuleaza reciproc. De asemenea, pentru echilibrarea
momentelor date de fortele de inertie, trebuie ca manivelele sa fie dispuse in oglinda,
adica manivelele egal departate de mijlocul arborelui cotit sa fie in acelasi plan si sa fie
orientate in acelasi sens.
Pentru motorul in 4 cilindrii manivelele sunt decalate la 180.

Ordinea de lucru a cilindrilor: 134...21

Unghiul de inceput al ciclului: 180

Mt= M

alfa [RAC] M1 M2 M3 M4 Mt
0 0 2,726E-14 1,6715E-15 -5,291E-13 -5E-13
10 -4,578157075 -4,249807 -4,4639647 955,0533637 941,7614
20 -8,365320528 1,7419909 -9,2425076 1881,33782 1865,472
30 -10,7234762 -6,348506 -14,613065 2115,146226 2083,461
40 -11,28677308 -8,044352 -20,800327 1924,201648 1884,07
50 -10,02134536 -9,178085 -27,99791 1587,367803 1540,17
60 -7,214545608 -9,470457 -36,433235 1255,019694 1201,901
70 -3,399125883 -8,68557 -46,470601 975,3907135 916,8354
80 0,767173633 -6,714552 -58,739069 753,3297654 688,6433
90 4,63681278 -3,644448 -74,268542 580,4291653 507,153
100 7,691007364 0,2109481 -94,619547 446,19836 359,4808
110 9,61652295 4,333208 -121,99208 341,442203 233,3999
120 10,32776613 8,0760625 -159,26464 258,91985 118,059
130 9,935893453 10,783928 -209,72797 193,1569893 4,148839
140 8,679850003 11,927035 -275,50499 140,0495115 -114,849
150 6,842597949 11,221749 -350,85675 96,46865165 -236,324
160 4,677351012 8,7062778 -399,47616 59,93528785 -326,157
170 2,363315096 4,7513025 -313,49027 28,38197259 -277,994
180 1,67153E-15 1,366E-14 -5,291E-13 2,72636E-14 -4,9E-13
190 -4,463964674 0 955,053364 -4,249806779 946,3396
200 -9,242507621 -4,578157 1881,33782 1,741990876 1869,259
210 -14,61306546 -8,365321 2115,14623 -6,34850566 2085,819
220 -20,80032657 -10,72348 1924,20165 -8,044352095 1884,633
230 -27,99790986 -11,28677 1587,3678 -9,178085303 1538,905
240 -36,43323465 -10,02135 1255,01969 -9,470457052 1199,095
250 -46,47060066 -7,214546 975,390713 -8,685569605 913,02
260 -58,73906896 -3,399126 753,329765 -6,714552341 684,477
270 -74,26854172 0,7671736 580,429165 -3,644448129 503,2833
280 -94,61954667 4,6368128 446,19836 0,210948149 356,4266
290 -121,9920795 7,6910074 341,442203 4,333208018 231,4743
300 -159,2646366 9,616523 258,91985 8,07606253 117,3478
310 -209,7279715 10,327766 193,156989 10,78392807 4,540712
320 -275,5049932 9,9358935 140,049511 11,92703458 -113,593

16
330 -350,8567467 8,67985 96,4686517 11,22174857 -234,486
340 -399,4761638 6,8425979 59,9352879 8,70627783 -323,992
350 -313,4902748 4,677351 28,3819726 4,751302458 -275,68
360 -5,291E-13 2,3633151 2,7264E-14 1,36623E-14 2,363315
370 955,0533637 1,672E-15 -4,2498068 0 950,8036
380 1881,33782 -4,463965 1,74199088 -4,578157075 1874,038
390 2115,146226 -9,242508 -6,3485057 -8,365320528 2091,19
400 1924,201648 -14,61307 -8,0443521 -10,7234762 1890,821
410 1587,367803 -20,80033 -9,1780853 -11,28677308 1546,103
420 1255,019694 -27,99791 -9,4704571 -10,02134536 1207,53
430 975,3907135 -36,43323 -8,6855696 -7,214545608 923,0574
440 753,3297654 -46,4706 -6,7145523 -3,399125883 696,7455
450 580,4291653 -58,73907 -3,6444481 0,767173633 518,8128
460 446,19836 -74,26854 0,21094815 4,63681278 376,7776
470 341,442203 -94,61955 4,33320802 7,691007364 258,8469
480 258,91985 -121,9921 8,07606253 9,61652295 154,6204
490 193,1569893 -159,2646 10,7839281 10,32776613 55,00405
500 140,0495115 -209,728 11,9270346 9,935893453 -47,8155
510 96,46865165 -275,505 11,2217486 8,679850003 -159,135
520 59,93528785 -350,8567 8,70627783 6,842597949 -275,373
530 28,38197259 -399,4762 4,75130246 4,677351012 -361,666
540 2,72636E-14 -313,4903 1,3662E-14 2,363315096 -311,127
550 -4,249806779 -5,29E-13 0 1,67153E-15 -4,24981
560 1,741990876 955,05336 -4,5781571 -4,463964674 947,7532
570 -6,34850566 1881,3378 -8,3653205 -9,242507621 1857,381
580 -8,044352095 2115,1462 -10,723476 -14,61306546 2081,765
590 -9,178085303 1924,2016 -11,286773 -20,80032657 1882,936
600 -9,470457052 1587,3678 -10,021345 -27,99790986 1539,878
610 -8,685569605 1255,0197 -7,2145456 -36,43323465 1202,686
620 -6,714552341 975,39071 -3,3991259 -46,47060066 918,8064
630 -3,644448129 753,32977 0,76717363 -58,73906896 691,7134
640 0,210948149 580,42917 4,63681278 -74,26854172 511,0084
650 4,333208018 446,19836 7,69100736 -94,61954667 363,603
660 8,07606253 341,4422 9,61652295 -121,9920795 237,1427
670 10,78392807 258,91985 10,3277661 -159,2646366 120,7669
680 11,92703458 193,15699 9,93589345 -209,7279715 5,291946
690 11,22174857 140,04951 8,67985 -275,5049932 -115,554
700 8,70627783 96,468652 6,84259795 -350,8567467 -238,839
710 4,751302458 59,935288 4,67735101 -399,4761638 -330,112
720 1,36623E-14 28,381973 2,3633151 -313,4902748 -282,745

17
 7.Diagramele de uzura ale fusului palier si maneton

Determinarea fortelor care actioneaza asupra fusurilor arborelui cotit este necesara pentru
dimensionarea corecta a fusurilor si lagarelor, in scopul de a evita incalzirea lagarelor si a
se asigura pelicula de ulei necesara ungerii acestora.

Unghi Rm=arctg(T/(Z+Fcb))
Unghi Rp=arctg(T'/(Z'+Fcb))
Fcb=m2b*^2*
R= -85754116,09
R= 40 m
= 418,6667 m2b= 12,23089

T [N] Z [N] T' [N] Z' [N] Rm [N] Rp [N] Unghi Rm Unghi Rp
0 -1366,82 0 -512,8662 87120,94 512,8662 0 0
-114,4539 -645,919 -1,427405013 -4,938487 86400,11 5,140636 1,33467E-06 1,665E-08
-209,133 -571,6328 10,96483866 33,25103 86326 35,01226 2,43874E-06 -1,279E-07
-268,0869 -461,7432 48,61986574 87,29497 86216,28 99,92148 3,12621E-06 -5,67E-07
-282,1693 -334,1446 118,9194185 144,7675 86088,72 187,3485 3,29043E-06 -1,387E-06
-250,5336 -208,6299 224,7070562 191,587 85963,11 295,2945 2,92153E-06 -2,62E-06
-180,3636 -103,1158 365,2336131 213,9574 85857,42 423,2887 2,10326E-06 -4,259E-06
-84,97815 -30,48669 538,3934347 199,2178 85784,64 574,069 9,90951E-07 -6,278E-06
19,17934 3,286278 743,8280325 134,7736 85750,83 755,9392 -2,23655E-07 -8,674E-06
115,9203 -0,569493 986,3169312 4,276079 85754,76 986,3262 -1,35178E-06 -1,15E-05
192,2752 -34,86291 1278,881925 -220,0884 85789,19 1297,682 -2,24217E-06 -1,491E-05
240,4131 -88,76021 1645,107531 -591,4524 85843,21 1748,198 -2,80351E-06 -1,918E-05
258,1942 -150,5318 2119,905034 -1213,432 85905,04 2442,624 -3,01086E-06 -2,472E-05
248,3973 -210,0193 2745,798312 -2288,126 85964,49 3574,203 -2,89662E-06 -3,202E-05
216,9963 -260,2577 3552,31054 -4208,287 86014,65 5507,14 -2,53044E-06 -4,142E-05
171,0649 -297,9643 4471,241808 -7702,769 86052,25 8906,439 -1,99482E-06 -5,214E-05
116,9338 -322,9406 5051,918936 -13810,3 86077,14 14705,31 -1,36359E-06 -5,89E-05
59,08288 -336,7338 3948,169873 -22283,09 86090,87 22630,16 -6,88977E-07 -4,603E-05
4,18E-14 -341,0874 3,32777E-12 -27162,18 86095,2 27162,18 -4,87301E-22 -3,879E-20
-111,5991 -636,042 -11993,9666 -67690,88 86390,23 68745,26 1,30138E-06 0,0001398
-231,0627 -638,1348 -23632,2541 -64598,4 86392,56 68785,44 2,69446E-06 0,0002754
-365,3266 -636,3331 -26621,99114 -45856,31 86391,22 53023,88 4,26013E-06 0,0003103
-520,0082 -623,6796 -24312,52468 -28794,8 86379,36 37686,07 6,0639E-06 0,0002834
-699,9477 -591,8039 -20192,07141 -16819,25 86348,76 26279,4 8,16221E-06 0,0002354
-910,8309 -531,0306 -16143,1616 -9234,364 86289,95 18597,72 1,06214E-05 0,0001882
-1161,765 -428,9222 -12773,26643 -4588,591 86190,87 13572,45 1,35476E-05 0,0001489
-1468,477 -266,2609 -10150,86043 -1746,619 86032,91 10300,03 1,71242E-05 0,0001184
-1856,714 -9,12165 -8183,721338 31,08328 85783,33 8183,78 2,16516E-05 9,543E-05
-2365,489 405,3139 -6760,223834 1213,953 85381,58 6868,356 2,75847E-05 7,883E-05
-3049,802 1094,145 -5792,928531 2122,823 84714,89 6169,635 3,5565E-05 6,755E-05
-3981,616 2276,331 -5227,306083 3025,102 83572,69 6039,534 4,64318E-05 6,096E-05
-5243,199 4366,232 -5036,062011 4224,538 81556,6 6573,328 6,11454E-05 5,873E-05
-6887,625 8156,317 -5194,431308 6177,79 77902,87 8071,382 8,03259E-05 6,058E-05
-8771,419 15107,57 -5591,567479 9654,175 71188,99 11156,55 0,000102304 6,521E-05
-9986,904 27297,66 -5742,643146 15717,9 59303,42 16734,11 0,000116497 6,698E-05
-7837,257 44229,44 -4273,403092 24136,7 42257,8 24512,09 9,14394E-05 4,985E-05
-1,32E-11 53983,27 -6,84095E-12 27918,86 31770,85 27918,86 1,54346E-19 7,98E-20
23876,33 134745,7 11991,28963 67675,62 54500,06 68729,77 -0,000278866 -0,0001399
47033,45 128558,7 23494,94787 64219,19 63595,39 68382,14 -0,000549292 -0,0002742
52878,66 91076,29 26518,68414 45676,37 53145,82 52816,39 -0,000617287 -0,0003094
48105,04 56965,93 24153,075 28603,57 56061,17 37437,08 -0,000561338 -0,0002817
39684,2 33046,7 19956,8236 16620,35 65976,57 25971,35 -0,000462946 -0,0002328

18
 31375,49 17937,7 15806,12688 9037,866 74722,74 18207,6 -0,000365954 -0,0001843
24384,77 8748,26 12300,95354 4414,214 80774,49 13069 -0,000284386 -0,0001435
18833,24 3226,977 9500,553971 1628,707 84648,8 9639,15 -0,000219627 -0,0001108
14510,73 -71,28822 7300,920168 -35,4203 87043,44 7301,006 -0,000169213 -8,514E-05
11154,96 -2022,592 5574,842649 -1010,844 88482,67 5665,746 -0,000130078 -6,501E-05
8536,055 -3151,501 4213,862437 -1556,318 89314,46 4492,078 -9,95374E-05 -4,914E-05
6472,996 -3773,872 3135,547344 -1829,221 89761,69 3630,111 -7,54799E-05 -3,656E-05
4828,925 -4082,843 2279,663266 -1929,169 89966,65 2986,395 -5,63086E-05 -2,658E-05
3501,238 -4199,262 1601,530961 -1923,081 90021,49 2502,627 -4,08268E-05 -1,868E-05
2411,716 -4200,775 1065,586289 -1858,788 89987,21 2142,561 -2,81222E-05 -1,243E-05
1498,382 -4138,14 640,3626253 -1771,604 89904,74 1883,785 -1,74722E-05 -7,467E-06
709,5493 -4043,967 295,3833767 -1686,81 89800,89 1712,477 -8,27384E-06 -3,444E-06
6,82E-13 -1854,444 2,12711E-13 -578,7349 87608,56 578,7349 -7,94802E-21 -2,48E-21
-106,2452 -605,528 -53,12258473 380,6459 86359,71 384,3349 1,23894E-06 6,195E-07
43,54977 120,2731 79,00184938 383,096 85633,85 391,1571 -5,07845E-07 -9,213E-07
-158,7126 -276,4488 25,21018585 147,592 86030,71 149,7296 1,85078E-06 -2,94E-07
-201,1088 -241,2029 33,48905138 110,2702 85995,55 115,2433 2,34517E-06 -3,905E-07
-229,4521 -194,0012 26,35859722 70,0717 85948,42 74,86534 2,67569E-06 -3,074E-07
-236,7614 -138,0361 6,886103909 35,29688 85892,48 35,96232 2,76093E-06 -8,03E-08
-217,1392 -80,16754 -18,38779996 11,47412 85834,56 21,6741 2,53211E-06 2,144E-07
-167,8638 -30,43669 -41,44283074 0,025001 85784,72 41,44284 1,9575E-06 4,833E-07
-91,1112 -0,447611 -55,14527203 -1,866944 85754,61 55,17687 1,06247E-06 6,431E-07
5,273704 -0,903621 -55,32330789 -0,167064 85755,02 55,32356 -6,1498E-08 6,451E-07
108,3302 -38,86446 -41,97249183 -2,000774 85793,05 42,02015 -1,26326E-06 4,895E-07
201,9016 -115,4292 -19,25575525 -13,33451 85869,78 23,42207 -2,35442E-06 2,245E-07
269,5982 -224,5057 5,702024286 -36,98698 85979,04 37,42392 -3,14384E-06 -6,649E-08
298,1759 -353,0995 24,88926405 -71,5401 86107,73 75,74604 -3,47709E-06 -2,902E-07
280,5437 -483,1984 31,77373205 -111,4703 86237,77 115,9103 -3,27147E-06 -3,705E-07
217,6569 -594,9316 23,29599851 -148,4837 86349,32 150,3 -2,53813E-06 -2,717E-07
118,7826 -670,3475 0,924393077 -173,7035 86424,55 173,7059 -1,38514E-06 -1,078E-08
3,42E-13 -696,9736 -29,5414387 -180,1199 86451,09 182,5264 -3,98297E-21 3,445E-07

19
 8.Variatia fortelor N,S,T,Z si momentul monocilindrului

N= F*tg()
S= F/cos()
T= S*sin(+)
Z= S*cos(+)
M= T*R

= arcsin(b*sin())
b= 0,27777778
R= 0,04 m

[RAC] F=Fg+Fj [N] [RAC] N [N] S [N] T [N] Z [N] M [Nm]

0 -1366,81978 0 0 -1366,82 0 -1366,82 0
10 -655,980711 0,048254 -0,55247 -655,981 -114,454 -645,919 -4,57816
20 -608,686803 0,095149 -1,01083 -608,688 -209,133 -571,633 -8,36532
30 -533,924793 0,139339 -1,29847 -533,926 -268,087 -461,743 -10,7235
40 -437,344535 0,179515 -1,37026 -437,347 -282,169 -334,145 -11,2868
50 -326,024602 0,21443 -1,22015 -326,027 -250,534 -208,63 -10,0213
60 -207,757383 0,242945 -0,88094 -207,759 -180,364 -103,116 -7,21455
70 -90,2804005 0,264085 -0,41612 -90,2814 -84,9781 -30,4867 -3,39913
80 19,4586198 0,27709 0,094105 19,45885 19,17934 3,286278 0,767174
90 115,92032 0,28148 0,569493 115,9217 115,9203 -0,56949 4,636813
100 195,407972 0,27709 0,945026 195,4103 192,2752 -34,8629 7,691007
110 256,272172 0,264085 1,181204 256,2749 240,4131 -88,7602 9,616523
120 298,868586 0,242945 1,26727 298,8713 258,1942 -150,532 10,32777
130 325,281189 0,21443 1,217371 325,2835 248,3973 -210,019 9,935893
140 338,851482 0,179515 1,061667 338,8531 216,9963 -260,258 8,67985
150 343,577125 0,139339 0,835557 343,5781 171,0649 -297,964 6,842598
160 343,458566 0,095149 0,57037 343,459 116,9338 -322,941 4,677351
170 341,877653 0,048254 0,287928 341,8778 59,08288 -336,734 2,363315
180 341,087417 3,4E-17 2,03E-16 341,0874 4,18E-14 -341,087 1,67E-15
190 645,758058 -0,04825 -0,54386 645,7583 -111,599 -636,042 -4,46396
200 678,67868 -0,09515 -1,12706 678,6796 -231,063 -638,135 -9,24251
210 733,743975 -0,13934 -1,78442 733,7461 -365,327 -636,333 -14,6131
220 812,021115 -0,17951 -2,54417 812,0251 -520,008 -623,68 -20,8003
230 916,595318 -0,21443 -3,43038 916,6017 -699,948 -591,804 -27,9979
240 1054,31796 -0,24295 -4,47054 1054,327 -910,831 -531,031 -36,4332
250 1238,40206 -0,26408 -5,70802 1238,415 -1161,77 -428,922 -46,4706
260 1492,40299 -0,27709 -7,21751 1492,42 -1468,48 -266,261 -58,7391
270 1856,71354 -0,28148 -9,12165 1856,736 -1856,71 -9,12165 -74,2685
280 2399,93361 -0,27709 -11,6065 2399,962 -2365,49 405,3139 -94,6195
290 3240,09589 -0,26408 -14,9342 3240,13 -3049,8 1094,145 -121,992
300 4586,34623 -0,24295 -19,4471 4586,387 -3981,62 2276,331 -159,265
310 6823,08372 -0,21443 -25,5355 6823,132 -5243,2 4366,232 -209,728
320 10675,381 -0,17951 -33,4474 10675,43 -6887,62 8156,317 -275,505
330 17469,2527 -0,13934 -42,4841 17469,3 -8771,42 15107,57 -350,857
340 29067,1312 -0,09515 -48,2708 29067,17 -9986,9 27297,66 -399,476
350 44918,418 -0,04825 -37,8302 44918,43 -7837,26 44229,44 -313,49
360 53983,2675 -6,8E-17 -6,4E-14 53983,27 -1,3E-11 53983,27 -5,3E-13
370 136844,712 0,048254 115,2502 136844,8 23876,33 134745,7 955,0534
380 136892,005 0,095149 227,332 136892,2 47033,45 128558,7 1881,338
390 105313,705 0,139339 256,1161 105314 52878,66 91076,29 2115,146
400 74559,7584 0,179515 233,6057 74560,12 48105,04 56965,93 1924,202
410 51641,8641 0,21443 193,2707 51642,23 39684,2 33046,7 1587,368
420 36140,8218 0,242945 153,2452 36141,15 31375,49 17937,7 1255,02
430 25906,2675 0,264085 119,4066 25906,54 24384,77 8748,26 975,3907
20
 440 19107,4834 0,27709 92,40701 19107,71 18833,24 3226,977 753,3298
450 14510,7291 0,28148 71,28822 14510,9 14510,73 -71,2882 580,4292
460 11336,7096 0,27709 54,82624 11336,84 11154,96 -2022,59 446,1984
470 9099,14483 0,264085 41,93958 9099,241 8536,055 -3151,5 341,4422
480 7492,71513 0,242945 31,77079 7492,782 6472,996 -3773,87 258,9199
490 6323,57176 0,21443 23,66609 6323,616 4828,925 -4082,84 193,157
500 5467,3738 0,179515 17,13001 5467,401 3501,238 -4199,26 140,0495
510 4843,83596 0,139339 11,77989 4843,85 2411,716 -4200,77 96,46865
520 4401,05691 0,095149 7,308688 4401,063 1498,382 -4138,14 59,93529
530 4105,74206 0,048254 3,457844 4105,744 709,5493 -4043,97 28,38197
540 1854,44351 1,02E-16 3,3E-15 1854,444 6,82E-13 -1854,44 2,73E-14
550 614,777933 -0,04825 -0,51776 614,7782 -106,245 -605,528 -4,24981
560 -127,914644 -0,09515 0,212424 -127,915 43,54977 120,2731 1,741991
570 318,768009 -0,13934 -0,77522 318,769 -158,713 -276,449 -6,34851
580 314,042366 -0,17951 -0,98394 314,0439 -201,109 -241,203 -8,04435
590 300,472073 -0,21443 -1,12452 300,4742 -229,452 -194,001 -9,17809
600 274,05947 -0,24295 -1,16207 274,0619 -236,761 -138,036 -9,47046
610 231,463056 -0,26408 -1,06685 231,4655 -217,139 -80,1675 -8,68557
620 170,598856 -0,27709 -0,82504 170,6009 -167,864 -30,4367 -6,71455
630 91,1112032 -0,28148 -0,44761 91,1123 -91,1112 -0,44761 -3,64445
640 -5,35049649 -0,27709 0,025876 -5,35056 5,273704 -0,90362 0,210948
650 -115,089517 -0,26408 0,530468 -115,091 108,3302 -38,8645 4,333208
660 -232,566499 -0,24295 0,986134 -232,569 201,9016 -115,429 8,076063
670 -350,833718 -0,21443 1,313002 -350,836 269,5982 -224,506 10,78393
680 -462,153651 -0,17951 1,447989 -462,156 298,1759 -353,099 11,92703
690 -558,73391 -0,13934 1,358805 -558,736 280,5437 -483,198 11,22175
700 -633,495919 -0,09515 1,052026 -633,497 217,6569 -594,932 8,706278
710 -680,789827 -0,04825 0,573359 -680,79 118,7826 -670,348 4,751302
720 -696,973637 -1,4E-16 1,66E-15 -696,974 3,42E-13 -696,974 1,37E-14

N*100 T Z
0 0 1366,82
-55,2465 -114,454 645,919
-101,083 -209,133 571,6328
-129,847 -268,087 461,7432
-137,026 -282,169 334,1446
-122,015 -250,534 208,6299
-88,0938 -180,364 103,1158
-41,6118 -84,9781 30,48669
9,410517 19,17934 -3,28628
56,94926 115,9203 0,569493
94,50259 192,2752 34,86291
118,1204 240,4131 88,76021
126,727 258,1942 150,5318
121,7371 248,3973 210,0193
106,1667 216,9963 260,2577
83,55573 171,0649 297,9643
57,03702 116,9338 322,9406
28,79284 59,08288 336,7338
2,03E-14 4,18E-14 341,0874
-54,3856 -111,599 636,042
-112,706 -231,063 638,1348
-178,442 -365,327 636,3331
-254,417 -520,008 623,6796
-343,038 -699,948 591,8039
-447,054 -910,831 531,0306
-570,802 -1161,77 428,9222
-721,751 -1468,48 266,2609

21
-912,165 -1856,71 9,12165
-1160,65 -2365,49 -405,314
-1493,42 -3049,8 -1094,14
-1944,71 -3981,62 -2276,33
-2553,55 -5243,2 -4366,23
-3344,74 -6887,62 -8156,32
-4248,41 -8771,42 -15107,6
-4827,08 -9986,9 -27297,7
-3783,02 -7837,26 -44229,4
-6,4E-12 -1,3E-11 -53983,3
11525,02 23876,33 -134746
22733,2 47033,45 -128559
25611,61 52878,66 -91076,3
23360,57 48105,04 -56965,9
19327,07 39684,2 -33046,7
15324,52 31375,49 -17937,7
11940,66 24384,77 -8748,26
9240,701 18833,24 -3226,98
7128,822 14510,73 71,28822
5482,624 11154,96 2022,592
4193,958 8536,055 3151,501
3177,079 6472,996 3773,872
2366,609 4828,925 4082,843
1713,001 3501,238 4199,262
1177,989 2411,716 4200,775
730,8688 1498,382 4138,14
345,7844 709,5493 4043,967
3,3E-13 6,82E-13 1854,444
-51,7764 -106,245 605,528
21,24236 43,54977 -120,273
-77,5223 -158,713 276,4488
-98,3937 -201,109 241,2029
-112,452 -229,452 194,0012
-116,207 -236,761 138,0361
-106,685 -217,139 80,16754
-82,5045 -167,864 30,43669
-44,7611 -91,1112 0,447611
2,58759 5,273704 0,903621
53,04681 108,3302 38,86446
98,61339 201,9016 115,4292
131,3002 269,5982 224,5057
144,7989 298,1759 353,0995
135,8805 280,5437 483,1984
105,2026 217,6569 594,9316
57,33592 118,7826 670,3475
1,66E-13 3,42E-13 696,9736

22
t z zi
0 -5347,28 5347,282
-943,571 -5325,03 5325,028
-1722,21 -4707,41 4707,408
-2202,97 -3794,31 3794,311
-2309,73 -2735,18 2735,179
-2035,76 -1695,26 1695,261
-1441,41 -824,067 824,0668
-638,263 -228,983 228,9827
236,0171 40,44027 -40,4403
1045,982 -5,13869 5,138694
1683,164 -305,188 305,1875
2082,131 -768,72 768,7204
2225,105 -1297,28 1297,276
2135,496 -1805,56 1805,556
1863,487 -2235 2235,002
1468,513 -2557,88 2557,884
1003,831 -2772,32 2772,319
507,2645 -2891,08 2891,076
3,59E-13 -2928,63 2928,632
-508,196 -2896,38 2896,383
-1010,87 -2791,75 2791,746
-1492,15 -2599,06 2599,06
-1919,89 -2302,65 2302,652
-2247,02 -1899,85 1899,853
-2421,14 -1411,57 1411,566
-2400,33 -886,2 886,1999
-2171,42 -393,717 393,7165
-1765,41 -8,67308 8,673084
-1265,7 216,8703 -216,87
-805,988 289,1557 -289,156
-557,529 318,7451 -318,745
-706,013 587,9267 -587,927
-1411,05 1670,968 -1670,97
-2700,09 4650,539 -4650,54
-4110,39 11235,11 -11235,1
-3871,99 21851,49 -21851,5
-7E-12 28522,86 -28522,9
8196,269 46255,52 -46255,5
15955,16 43610,95 -43611
19752,19 34020,45 -34020,5
16819,82 19918,01 -19918
13649,37 11366,4 -11366,4
11086,05 6338,013 -6338,01
9248,451 3317,967 -3317,97
7990,163 1369,072 -1369,07
7100,545 -34,8835 34,88351
6388,443 -1158,34 1158,338
5715,469 -2110,14 2110,144
5003,645 -2917,21 2917,214
4227,612 -3574,43 3574,434
3397,892 -4075,31 4075,312
2541,119 -4426,17 4426,171
1626,681 -4492,47 4492,468
752,8542 -4290,78 4290,777
1,34E-12 -3655,51 3655,508
-541,139 -3084,14 3084,138
-1070,56 -2956,62 2956,62

23
-1566,11 -2727,87 2727,873
-1989,01 -2385,55 2385,55
-2285,18 -1932,11 1932,112
-2394,44 -1396 1396,001
-2266,01 -836,609 836,6092
-1876,03 -340,158 340,1581
-1241,99 -6,10166 6,101657
-429,215 73,54374 -73,5437
453,7636 -162,792 162,7919
1271,239 -726,781 726,7809
1885,133 -1569,83 1569,83
2183,266 -2585,42 2585,42
2104,549 -3624,8 3624,799
1654,869 -4523,33 4523,328
909,3714 -5132,02 5132,023
2,62E-12 -5347,28 5347,282

24
 9.Variatia fortelor T', Z', Rm, Rp

T'= (T1+T2*cos()-Z2*sin())/2
Z'= (Z1+Z2*cos()+T2*sin())/2 = 180 decalajul
Rm= [(Z1-m2b*R^2*^2)^2+T1^2]^(1/2)
Rp= [(T1')^2+(Z1')^2]^(1/2)

[RAC] T1 [N] T2 [N] Z1 [N] Z2 [N] T' [N] Z' [N] Rm [N] Rp [N]
0 0 4,17883E-14 -1366,82 -341,087 0 -512,866 87120,94 512,8662
10 -114,454 -111,5991169 -645,919 -636,042 -1,42741 -4,93849 86400,11 5,140636
20 -209,133 -231,0626905 -571,633 -638,135 10,96484 33,25103 86326 35,01226
30 -268,087 -365,3266366 -461,743 -636,333 48,61987 87,29497 86216,28 99,92148
40 -282,169 -520,0081641 -334,145 -623,68 118,9194 144,7675 86088,72 187,3485
50 -250,534 -699,9477465 -208,63 -591,804 224,7071 191,587 85963,11 295,2945
60 -180,364 -910,8308664 -103,116 -531,031 365,2336 213,9574 85857,42 423,2887
70 -84,9781 -1161,765016 -30,4867 -428,922 538,3934 199,2178 85784,64 574,069
80 19,17934 -1468,476724 3,286278 -266,261 743,828 134,7736 85750,83 755,9392
90 115,9203 -1856,713543 -0,56949 -9,12165 986,3169 4,276079 85754,76 986,3262
100 192,2752 -2365,488667 -34,8629 405,3139 1278,882 -220,088 85789,19 1297,682
110 240,4131 -3049,801988 -88,7602 1094,145 1645,108 -591,452 85843,21 1748,198
120 258,1942 -3981,615915 -150,532 2276,331 2119,905 -1213,43 85905,04 2442,624
130 248,3973 -5243,199288 -210,019 4366,232 2745,798 -2288,13 85964,49 3574,203
140 216,9963 -6887,62483 -260,258 8156,317 3552,311 -4208,29 86014,65 5507,14
150 171,0649 -8771,418667 -297,964 15107,57 4471,242 -7702,77 86052,25 8906,439
160 116,9338 -9986,904096 -322,941 27297,66 5051,919 -13810,3 86077,14 14705,31
170 59,08288 -7837,256869 -336,734 44229,44 3948,17 -22283,1 86090,87 22630,16
180 4,18E-14 -1,32275E-11 -341,087 53983,27 3,33E-12 -27162,2 86095,2 27162,18
190 -111,599 23876,33409 -636,042 134745,7 -11994 -67690,9 86390,23 68745,26
200 -231,063 47033,44551 -638,135 128558,7 -23632,3 -64598,4 86392,56 68785,44
210 -365,327 52878,65565 -636,333 91076,29 -26622 -45856,3 86391,22 53023,88
220 -520,008 48105,04119 -623,68 56965,93 -24312,5 -28794,8 86379,36 37686,07
230 -699,948 39684,19507 -591,804 33046,7 -20192,1 -16819,3 86348,76 26279,4
240 -910,831 31375,49234 -531,031 17937,7 -16143,2 -9234,36 86289,95 18597,72
250 -1161,77 24384,76784 -428,922 8748,26 -12773,3 -4588,59 86190,87 13572,45
260 -1468,48 18833,24413 -266,261 3226,977 -10150,9 -1746,62 86032,91 10300,03
270 -1856,71 14510,72913 -9,12165 -71,2882 -8183,72 31,08328 85783,33 8183,78
280 -2365,49 11154,959 405,3139 -2022,59 -6760,22 1213,953 85381,58 6868,356
290 -3049,8 8536,055074 1094,145 -3151,5 -5792,93 2122,823 84714,89 6169,635
300 -3981,62 6472,99625 2276,331 -3773,87 -5227,31 3025,102 83572,69 6039,534
310 -5243,2 4828,924733 4366,232 -4082,84 -5036,06 4224,538 81556,6 6573,328
320 -6887,62 3501,237787 8156,317 -4199,26 -5194,43 6177,79 77902,87 8071,382
330 -8771,42 2411,716291 15107,57 -4200,77 -5591,57 9654,175 71188,99 11156,55
340 -9986,9 1498,382196 27297,66 -4138,14 -5742,64 15717,9 59303,42 16734,11
350 -7837,26 709,5493148 44229,44 -4043,97 -4273,4 24136,7 42257,8 24512,09
360 -1,3E-11 6,81591E-13 53983,27 -1854,44 -6,8E-12 27918,86 31770,85 27918,86
370 23876,33 -106,2451695 134745,7 -605,528 11991,29 67675,62 54500,06 68729,77
380 47033,45 43,54977189 128558,7 120,2731 23494,95 64219,19 63595,39 68382,14
390 52878,66 -158,7126415 91076,29 -276,449 26518,68 45676,37 53145,82 52816,39
400 48105,04 -201,1088024 56965,93 -241,203 24153,07 28603,57 56061,17 37437,08
410 39684,2 -229,4521326 33046,7 -194,001 19956,82 16620,35 65976,57 25971,35
420 31375,49 -236,7614263 17937,7 -138,036 15806,13 9037,866 74722,74 18207,6
430 24384,77 -217,1392401 8748,26 -80,1675 12300,95 4414,214 80774,49 13069
440 18833,24 -167,8638085 3226,977 -30,4367 9500,554 1628,707 84648,8 9639,15
450 14510,73 -91,11120322 -71,2882 -0,44761 7300,92 -35,4203 87043,44 7301,006
460 11154,96 5,273703729 -2022,59 -0,90362 5574,843 -1010,84 88482,67 5665,746
470 8536,055 108,3302005 -3151,5 -38,8645 4213,862 -1556,32 89314,46 4492,078
480 6472,996 201,9015633 -3773,87 -115,429 3135,547 -1829,22 89761,69 3630,111
490 4828,925 269,5982017 -4082,84 -224,506 2279,663 -1929,17 89966,65 2986,395
500 3501,238 298,1758644 -4199,26 -353,099 1601,531 -1923,08 90021,49 2502,627
510 2411,716 280,5437142 -4200,77 -483,198 1065,586 -1858,79 89987,21 2142,561
25
 520 1498,382 217,6569457 -4138,14 -594,932 640,3626 -1771,6 89904,74 1883,785
530 709,5493 118,7825614 -4043,97 -670,348 295,3834 -1686,81 89800,89 1712,477
540 6,82E-13 3,41558E-13 -1854,44 -696,974 2,13E-13 -578,735 87608,56 578,7349
550 -106,245 0 -605,528 -1366,82 -53,1226 380,6459 86359,71 384,3349
560 43,54977 -114,4539269 120,2731 -645,919 79,00185 383,096 85633,85 391,1571
570 -158,713 -209,1330132 -276,449 -571,633 25,21019 147,592 86030,71 149,7296
580 -201,109 -268,0869051 -241,203 -461,743 33,48905 110,2702 85995,55 115,2433
590 -229,452 -282,169327 -194,001 -334,145 26,3586 70,0717 85948,42 74,86534
600 -236,761 -250,5336341 -138,036 -208,63 6,886104 35,29688 85892,48 35,96232
610 -217,139 -180,3636402 -80,1675 -103,116 -18,3878 11,47412 85834,56 21,6741
620 -167,864 -84,97814706 -30,4367 -30,4867 -41,4428 0,025001 85784,72 41,44284
630 -91,1112 19,17934084 -0,44761 3,286278 -55,1453 -1,86694 85754,61 55,17687
640 5,273704 115,9203195 -0,90362 -0,56949 -55,3233 -0,16706 85755,02 55,32356
650 108,3302 192,2751841 -38,8645 -34,8629 -41,9725 -2,00077 85793,05 42,02015
660 201,9016 240,4130738 -115,429 -88,7602 -19,2558 -13,3345 85869,78 23,42207
670 269,5982 258,1941531 -224,506 -150,532 5,702024 -36,987 85979,04 37,42392
680 298,1759 248,3973363 -353,099 -210,019 24,88926 -71,5401 86107,73 75,74604
690 280,5437 216,9962501 -483,198 -260,258 31,77373 -111,47 86237,77 115,9103
700 217,6569 171,0649487 -594,932 -297,964 23,296 -148,484 86349,32 150,3
710 118,7826 116,9337753 -670,348 -322,941 0,924393 -173,703 86424,55 173,7059
720 3,42E-13 59,0828774 -696,974 -336,734 -29,5414 -180,12 86451,09 182,5264

T' [N] Z' [N]

1867,443 512,8662
759,6581 4,938487
-65,2846 -33,251
-713,222 -87,295
-1077,38 -144,768
-1104,39 -191,587
-820,446 -213,957
-360,93 -199,218
-20,2124 -134,774
-355,473 -4,27608
-2310,16 220,0884
-6578,49 591,4524
-10240,2 1213,432
-19972,4 2288,126
-20951,2 4208,287
-17949,5 7702,769
-11570,4 13810,3
-7571,01 22283,09
-5247,83 27162,18
-3945,77 67690,88
-3200,96 64598,4
-2714,53 45856,31
-2305,88 28794,8
-1874,47 16819,25
-1372,32 9234,364
-785,931 4588,591
-125,937 1746,619
577,2498 -31,0833
1226,094 -1213,95
1717,705 -2122,82
1868,71 -3025,1
1768,521 -4224,54
1541,516 -6177,79
923,7362 -9654,17
126,7131 -15717,9
24,27189 -24136,7
26
 1615,117 -27918,9
5274,525 -67675,6
8676,363 -64219,2
10070,3 -45676,4
8285,837 -28603,6
6573,782 -16620,3
5402,256 -9037,87
4839,621 -4414,21
4777,844 -1628,71
5035,17 35,4203
5409,746 1010,844
5715,095 1556,318
5805,873 1829,221
5412,231 1929,169
5251,624 1923,081
4694,331 1858,788
3832,485 1771,604
2773,483 1686,81
1657,472 578,7349
638,4709 -380,646
-282,226 -383,096
-1016,5 -147,592
-1502,65 -110,27
-1708,47 -70,0717
-1630,59 -35,2969
-1291,5 -11,4741
-735,418 -0,025
-23,7185 1,866944
769,6121 0,167064
1562,941 2,000774
2272,808 13,33451
2821,017 36,98698
3145,461 71,5401
3206,371 111,4703
2992,319 148,4837
2526,465 173,7035
1867,443 512,8662
Precizare:> pt o inchidere totala a diagramei polare a fusului palier
ce e cu albastru la T' e luat de jos si invers la Z'.
t' z' z''
1381,439 -3367,68 3367,681
510,0796 -3478,71 3478,715
-149,056 -3194,01 3194,007
-657,018 -2658,33 2658,333
-932,487 -1969,49 1969,494
-941,485 -1269,51 1269,505
-719,334 -734,79 734,7904
-397,671 -569,869 569,8688
-254,043 -1012,03 1012,034
-818,02 -2338,37 2338,369
-2999,15 -4745,27 4745,269
-7457,28 -7527,52 7527,523
-11243,3 -7782,28 7782,279
-21015,9 -8919,52 8919,515
-21946,3 -5112,36 5112,362
-18939,7 -1231,1 1231,096
-12331,5 918,1931 -918,193
-8083,06 1624,151 -1624,15

27
-5517,38 1752,416 -1752,42
-4003,38 1727,396 -1727,4
-3095,54 1721,393 -1721,39
-2505,48 1782,712 -1782,71
-2054,81 1902,662 -1902,66
-1638,23 2049,976 -2049,98
-1198,3 2187,236 -2187,24
-709,855 2278,004 -2278
-171,653 2290,215 -2290,21
396,9327 2199,663 -2199,66
903,6337 1933,379 -1933,38
1264,212 1541,139 -1541,14
1301,253 1071,596 -1071,6
1114,636 829,5416 -829,542
839,0914 1110,487 -1110,49
219,355 2329,086 -2329,09
-528,206 5353,235 -5353,23
-531,047 10420,33 -10420,3
1200,556 13575,06 -13575,1
5024,946 22357,32 -22357,3
8592,592 21079,69 -21079,7
10188,59 16475,05 -16475,1
8485,23 9755,139 -9755,14
6781,838 5919,801 -5919,8
5539,93 3899,511 -3899,51
4832,235 2865,044 -2865,04
4567,521 2272,765 -2272,76
4591,428 1796,063 -1796,06
4735,777 1264,194 -1264,19
4848,256 618,0322 -618,032
4812,196 -124,712 124,7121
4424,179 -453,322 453,3224
4235,281 -1116,92 1116,924
3734,281 -1782,88 1782,882
3002,466 -2251,56 2251,558
2134,557 -2461,08 2461,077
1240,454 -2284,51 2284,507
445,1848 -1959,37 1959,366
-277,016 -1697,06 1697,058
-859,312 -1272,16 1272,156
-1253,15 -739,671 739,6715
-1430,56 -162,802 162,8015
-1384,46 393,2647 -393,265
-1127,56 866,5873 -866,587
-690,623 1202,893 -1202,89
-120,218 1359,528 -1359,53
524,1887 1309,248 -1309,25
1174,229 1043,809 -1043,81
1758,135 576,9021 -576,902
2207,837 -54,4105 54,41049
2469,739 -789,806 789,8058
2510,575 -1552,76 1552,764
2322,569 -2258,03 2258,028
1928,497 -2821,13 2821,126
1381,439 -3170,6 3367,681

28
Anexa 1 Caracteristica externa

29
Anexa 2 Diagrama indicata

30
Anexa 3 Variatia volumului

31
Anexa 4 Cronomanograma

32
Anexa 5 - Deplasarea, viteza si acceleratia pistonului

33
Anexa 6 - Diagrama fortelor

34
Anexa 7 - Variatia fortelor N si S

35
Anexa 8 - Variatia fortelor T si Z

36
Anexa 9 - Diagrama polara a fusului maneton

37
Anexa 10 - Momentul monocilindrului

38
Anexa 11 - Variatia cuplului momentului motor Mt

39
Anexa 12 - Diagrama polara a fusului palier

40
Anexa 13 - Desfasurata fortei rezultante Rm pe fusul maneton

41
Anexa 14 - Desfasurata fortei rezultante Rp pe fusul palier

42
Anexa 15 - Diagrama de uzura a fusului maneton

43
Anexa 16 - Diagrama de uzura a fusului palier

44
45