Environment, Transport and Works Bureau

Works Branch

Guideline for Estimation of Manpower Requirements

arising from Public Works

Revision: June 2003

 Document Revision History

Revision no. Effective date Changes

2000 First issue.

15 far

1June2003 Second issue with updated labour multipliers and

staff ratios.
 Content

1. Purpose .... 1
2. Scope of coverage ............................................................................................. 1
3. Data Required for Estimation........................................................................... 1
4. Calculation of Labour Requirements in a Period ............................................. 2
5. Calculation of Labour Requirements arising from a Project ............................ 2
6. Calculation of Numbers of Contractor staff, RSS and Consultant Staff.......... 2
7. Conversion of man-days to number of workers ............................................... 3
8. Ratios for estimating Number of Professional, Technical and Ancillary Staff 3
9. Worked Example (See Annex 5) ...................................................................... 3

Annexes

Annex 1 - Average Labour Multipliers for Different Categories and Sub-

categories of Works

Annex 2 - Labour Multipliers

Annex 3 -Determination of Ratios of Contractor Staff to Labour and RSS to

Labour

Annex 4 - Multipliers for Consultant Staff

Annex 5 - Worked Example

 Guideline for Estimation of Manpower Requirements
arising from Public Works

1. Purpose

1.1 This guideline establishes a consistent and unified procedure on the estimation of
labour and staff requirements arising from public works. It is important that the
methodology in this guideline for the estimation should be followed and verified
with ETWB before release to other party.

2. Scope of coverage

2.1 The labour and staff requirements arising om the public works of the Works
Departments include ArchSD, CED, DSD: HyD, TDD, WSD and EMSD. Works
under the following sources of funding are included :
CF-PWP

CF-Non-PWP

C F - Block Vote
Non-CWRF
Maintenance Vote

3. Data Required for Estimation

3.1 Prect information includes:

Contract sum/consultancy fe commencement and (substantial) completion
dates
b) Category and sub-category of works, project estimate and expenditure
programme (expenditures on land acquisition is excluded but contingency
should be included)
c) Funding source : P\\i non-P\\i non-CWRF, Maintenance, Block Vote
d) Contract type : in-house managed works contract, consultant managed works
contract, or consultancy study

3.2 Labour Multipliers

3.2.1 All works of the departments are divided into 9 categories: building works, site
formation, roadworks, drainage works, port works, waterworks, waste management
works, geotechnical works, and E&M works. The 9 categories are further divided
into sub-categories according to the type of work (as shown at Annex 1).
3.2.2 Based on information collected from the GF527, a site return for daily labour
deployment, the average number of labour of each trade in the form of man-day per
$M (labour multiplier) for the specific sub-category of works is derived. A
summary of average labour multipliers/$M for all sub-categories of works is shown
at Annex 1.

4. Calculation of Labour Requirements in a Period

4.1 In a given period, the labour requirement in mandays of each trade of a sub-
category of work is calculated by multiplying the cash flow ($M) of that period
with the labour multipliers for the particular trade.

4.2 By summing up the labour requirements for all sub-categories of works within a
specified period, we can obtain the total labour requirements for that particular
period. For example, adding the labour requirements for all sub-categories for all
projects in 2003/2004 comes up with the total number of labour man-days required
in 2003/2004.

5. Calculation of Labour Requirements arising from a Project

5.1 This method could be used to estimate the average annual labour requirement of a
project when the project estimate and duration are known. Experience has shown
that the bulk of manual site workers are engaged during the core construction
period which is approximately 90% of the actual contract duration. Therefore the
actual contract period is multiplied by 0.9 for the calculation of the average core
cash flow.

5.2 The average core cashflow of a project per year is the project estimate (including
project contingencies) divided by (0.9 x the actual contract period in years) as
explained in paragraph 5.1 above. The actual contract period is taken as the number
of year, to one decimal place, from contract commencement to substantial
completion.

5.3 By using the average core cash flow per year obtained and the coesponding
multipliers as listed at the coesponding labour requirements generated
from the project per year can be obtained.

5.4 However, for pr ects with duration shorter than 12 months, the core construction
period mentioned above is not applicable. The labour requirements for such project
are obtained by multiplying project estimate with the multiplier.

6. Calculation of Numbers of Contractor staff, RSS and Consultant Staff

6.1 The results of a survey conducted in a consultancy study in 2001102 were used to
update the average staff ratios/multipliers for contractor staff, RSS and consultants'
S

2
6.2 The ratios for contractor staff to labour and for RSS to labour for civil and building
pr ects are shown .. Staff ratios for estimation of requirement of RSS
for building projects in AfchSD are also suggested in case that RSS is adopted to
cay out the site supervision of the projects concerned.

6.3 The updated average multipliers for consultant staff are shown at They
are suggested to be adopted for calculation of the numbers of professional, technical
and ancillary staff employed by consultants.

7. Conversion of man-days to number of workers

7.1 The man-day figures are converted to numbers of workers by assuming that a
worker works 295 days a year. This figure includes the annual leave, rest days and
statutory holidays under the Employment Ordinance.

8. Ratios for estimating Number of Professional, Technical and Ancillar

Staff

8.1 The following ratios should be used in the calculation of professional, superviso
technical and ancillary staff when the numbers of consultant staff, contractor staff
and RSS are known.

Professional Technical An cilia

!Consultant staff 44% 40% 16%
!Contractor staff 13% 68% 19%
RSS 22% 70~ 8%

9. Worked Example (See Annex 5)

9.1 A worked example on the estimation oflabour and staff requirements arising oma
public works project is shown at

3
 Annex 1
Average Labour Multipliers (Man-year/$M) for
Different Categories and Sub-categories of Works

Category Dept categoy Ave. Labour

Multipliers
an-year /$M)
Waterworks WSD reaent works 1.35
Pumping station & building 1.82
Service reservoir 1.55
Mainlaying 1.33
Catchwater & tunnel aqueduct 0.42
Waterworks maintenance (Civil) 3.08
Waterworks maintenance (E&M) 2.36
Waste EPD !Landfill restoration 0.30
Management
Waste treatment & disposal 0.53
Site formation TDD IReclamation 0.74
!Land-based formation 1.82
Site investigation 0.74
Roads& DSD Stormwater drainage 1.33
Drainage
IDSD Sewerage & sewage eatment (civil) 1.54
lDSD Sewerage & sewage treatment (sewers & 1.99
pumping station)
IDSD Sewerage & sewage treatment (sewage tunnel) 0.82
IDSD Sewerage & sewage treatment (E&M) 0.31
IDSD Drainage maintenance 3.21
TDD !Flood protection (Civil) 1.30
TDD !Flood protection (E&M) 0.40
HyD Road reconstruction 1.85
HyD [Road maintenance 2.27
HyD IFootbridge 1.88
HyD Subway/ underpass 1.59
HyD !Road const. w/ moderate structural element 1.78
HyD IRoad const. w/ negligible structural element 1.98
IHyD !Flyover 1.25
iPortworks ED !Dredging 0.21
!Piers 1.22
Minor marine works 1.30
Typhoon shelter 0.30
Portworks maintenance 1.37
eotechnical CED Landslip protection measures 1.93
Category '{Jept ISuh-categoy Ave. Labour
Multipliers
(man-vear ISM)
Buildings IArchSD Commercial 1.37
!Domestic 1.27
OCnstitutional 1.37
Medical & health 1.77
rrndustrial 1.09
Leisure/Recreation 1.32
Refurbishme maintenance & fitting-out 2.08
Education 1.61
Piling & site formation 0.84
IE&M E1SD IEf works 0.57
Electronics 0.53
IAC plant replacement 0.95
rrerm Maintenance 3.32
 Annex2

Labour Multipliers
Labur Requirements for a Typical Project under a Sub-category
Department : Architectural Services Department
Categ Buildings Sub-categry

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Laburer 76.64 78.37 73.42 0.00 102.38 76.64 55.01 75.28 0.00
Excavatr 2.13 2.56 7.80 0.00 1.27 2.13 0.88 3.88 .00
cncreting Laburer 24 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.09 24 0.00 1.93 0.00
Laburer/Excavator/Cncreting Labour 79.01 80.93 81.22 99.77 103.74 79.01 55.89 81.10 0.00
Bamb Scaolder 5.83 7.12 13.07 5.13 6.65 5.83 9.18 32 350.73
Bricklayer 2.47 6.73 7.27 7.97 1.28 2.47 5.00 0.05 40.29
Masn 1.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.54 1.07 17
0.00

Marble wrker 7.88 3.95 0.00 90 0.00 7.88 1.01 .13 0.00
Plasterer 42.22 33.97 68.42 72.03 33.39 42.22 26.39 0.08 0.00
Carpenter {Formwork} 33.65 51.66 60.15 52.39 55.89 33.65 28.84 21.32 0.08
Jiner 7.36 15.32 9.18 28.21 3.00 7.36 13.40 4.25 0.00
cnstructin Plant Mechanic 4.51 1.75 0.00 13.30 0.00 4.51 3.71 1.48 .00
Metal wrker/ General Welder 19.62 34.20 10.67 28.23 17.86 19.62 23.46 4.18 201.04
Structural Steel Erectr 0.36 7.81 0.00 .69 74 36 .00 .00 0.00
Painter & Decrator 9.51 7.51 7.12 14.95 18.20 9.51 9.30 0.07 13.59
Plumber 7.98 5.59 16.95 15.29 13.91 7.98 6.21 2.11 .00
Bar Bender and Fixer 17.79 26.12 34.85 34.91 26.33 17.79 3 .06 18.32 0.00
cncretor 3.47 6.03 5.14 9.74 8.05 3.47 6.45 10.65 0.00
Drainlayer 7.15 7.84 6.10 18.12 9.28 7.15 .95 1.80 0.00
Plant & Equipment Operator Lad Shing 7.37 4.76 10.21 8.97 14.41 7.37 4.05 57.24 0.0

Rigger/Mel Formwrk Erector 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 15.08 0.00
Asphalter Rad cnstruction 26 0.40 0.00 0.00 0.03 26 0.00 0.00 .00
Glazier 1.00 1.62 2.35 1.46 4.51 1.00 .92 .02 9.29
Rck-breaking Driller 0.41 0.28 4.64 0.00 0.00 41 0.07 1.01 0.00
Heavy Lad Laburer 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 .00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Structural Steel Welder
0.00 17 .00 2.55
Leveller 13.78 5.82 0.00 4.00 21.22 13.78 10.11 0.00 0.00
Truck Driver 1.23 75 0.00 0.00 0.82 1.23 0.00 20.42 0.00
Diver 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 .00 27 0.00
Diver's Lineman 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 .00 0.00 .52 0.00
Electrical Fitter (incl. Electrician} 69.59 22.05 33.27 39.49 105.75 69.59 32.63 4.74 0.00
Mechanical Fitter 4.16 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.57 4.16 0.24 18 0.00
Refrigeratin/ACMechanic 30.79 45.90 0.00 42.50 13.49 30.79 25.50 0.00 0.00
Sheet Metal Worker 10.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 .23 25 0.00 0.00
Refrigeratin/ACNentilation Mechanic 41.02 45.90 0.00 42.50 13.49 41.02 25.75 0.00 .00
Fire Services Mechanic 10.23 10.38 5.06 11.95 5.06 10.23 20.01 0.00 0.00
Lift Electrician 1.24 0.00 0.08 2.82 .08 1.24 2.98 0.00 0.00
Lift Mechanic 2.63 0.00 0.00 4.96 0.00 2.63 5.84 .00 0.00
Lift and Escalatr Mechanic 3.88 0.00 0.08 7.78 0.08 3.88 8.83 .00 0.00
Building Services Maintenance Mechanic .00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 .0 0.00 0.00
Cable Jinter Pwer 37 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 37 0.00 0.00 0.00
Othe 14 0.00 0.00 2.08 1.70 0.14 18 17 0.00
Total Labur Man-days/$M) 403 388 376 523 473 403 323 248 615
Average Labur Multipliers (Man-years/$M } 1.37 1.32 1.27 1.77 1.61 1.37 1.09 .84 2.08
Labour Requirements for a Typical Project under a Sub-category
Department: Civil Engineering Department
Category : Po Works Sub-category



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Labourer/Excavator/Concreting Labour 19.37 11.83 192.77 148.61 405.68 202.44
Bamboo Scaolder 0.01 0.00 1.10 0.00 14.59 1.22
Bricklayer 0.06 0.00 0.11 0.07 0.51 0.00
Mason 0.00 0.00 0.60 .62 7.49 0.00
Marble Worker 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Plasterer 0.62 0.00 2.11 1.55 0.04 2.63
Carpenter (Formwork} 1.74 .21 31.39 40.98 30.08 4.59
Joiner 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00
Construction Plant Mechanic 10.00 39.17 3.54 2.99 0.00 0.15
Metal Worker/ General Welder 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 19.26 26.48
Structural Steel Erector 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.61 0.02
Painter & Decorator 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.75 2.18 11.47
Plumber
0.00 0.00
0.13 .07
Bar Bender and Fixer 0.64 0.00 9.03 12.25 2.96 0.04
Concretor 0.84 0.00 16.15 8.60 14.31 3.27
Drain layer 0.05 0.00 13 0.23 0.07 0.00
Plant & Equipment Operator (Load Shifting } 24.68 8.22 37.00 85.47 27.89 20.47
Rigger/Mel Formwork Erector 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.40 3.97
Asphalter {Road Construction } 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.64 0.00
Glazier 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00
Rock-breaking Driller 1.29 0.00 0.00 0.00 24.26 16.27
Heavy Load Labourer 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Structural Steel Welder 14.48 0.29 35.05 18.60 1.08 .00
Leveller 7.93 0.00 .32 7.06 1.97 0.00
Truck Driver 1.69 3.02 6.31 11.39 9.90 83.98
Diver 1.13 0.00 8.26 14.24 0.14 3.45
Diver's Lineman 1.71 0.00 13.21 21.36 0.00 23.63
Electrical Fitter (incl. Electrician) .74 0.13 2.44 7.81 2.41 0.49
Mechanical Fitter .00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.77 0.00
Refrigeration/ACNentilation Mechanic 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.42 0.00
Fire Services Mechanic 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Lift and Escalator Mechanic 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Building Services Maintenance Mechanic
.00 0.00 0.00
0.00
Cable Jointer (Power} 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
the rs 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Total Labour {Man-days/$M} 87 63 360 384 571 405
Average Labour MultiplieMan-years/$M 0.30 0.21 1.22 1.30 1.93 1.37
Labour Requirements for a Typical Project under a Sub-category
Department : Drainage Services Depament
Category : Roads and Drainage Sub-category
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Labourer/Excavator/Concreting Labour 161.76 200.77
302.79 145.53 394.29
Bamboo Scaolder 0.05 1.74 0.00 0.22 0.00 0.00
Bricklayer 0.14 0.54 0.00 0.65 0.00 .00
Mason 3.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.13 0.00
Marble Worker 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Plasterer 0.92 12.21 0.00 3.49 0.00 0.30
Carpenter {Formwork} 28.49 44.47 0.00 51.34 2.38 21.61
Joiner 1.43 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.09 12.48
Construction Plant Mechanic 0.00 3.49 0.00 7.41 6.66 0.00
Metal Worker/ General Welder 1.89 8.07 0.27 0.54 13.00 11.59
Structural Steel Erector 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 16.13
Painter & Decorator 0.12 19.40 0.00 15.48 .11 .00
Plumber 0.15 17.33 0.00 19.73 .12 95.15
Bar Bender and Fixer 9.58 25.40 0.00 16.89 0.95 7.30
Co1cretor 5.71 4.80 0.00 4.36 4.66 72.82
Drainlayer 0.05 22.56 0.00 34.99 0.00 81.19
Plant & Equipment Operator (Load Shifting } 88.81 43.49 0.00 50.14 12.32 56.79
Rigger/Mel Formwork Erector 0.03 0.59 0.24 20.21 9.89 0.00
Asphalter {Road Construction } 0.19
0.00
0.00 1.35
Glazier 0.00 0.22 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.00
Rock-breaking Driller 0.27 3.16 0.04 1.31 1.67 12.08
0.00 0.07 0.03 2.25
Heavy Load Labourer 0.10

Structural Steel Welder 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00 2.18 2.18 2.18
Leveller
0.00
Truck Driver 89.46 18.37 0.00 49.27 5.27 107.84
Diver 0.00 9.40 0.00 .00 14 23.06
14.95 0.00
Diver's Lineman
0.00 0.05 6.51
Electrical Fitter {incl. Electrician } 1.14 0.87 24.96 4.36 29.08 24.53
Mechanical Fitter 0.00 0.00 55.59 0.00 9.66 2.26
Refrigeration/ACNentilation Mechanic 0.00 0.00 1.53 0.00 0.00 0.00
Fire Services Mechanic 0.00 0.00 4.90 0.00 0.00 0.07
Lift and Escalator Mechanic 0.00 0.00 0.00 .00 0.00 0.14
Building Services Maintenance Mechanic 0.00 0.00 1.96 0.00 0.00 0.00
Cable Jointer {Power) .00
0.80 0.00 0.00

0.00 0.00
Others 0.00 0.00 0.00

Total Labour {Man-days/$M} 393 454 92 588 242 947
Average Labou Multipliers (Man-years/$M) 1.33 1.54 0.31 1.99 .82 3.21
Labour Requirements for a Typical Project under a Sub-category
Department : Electrical & Mechancical Services Department
Category : E&MWorks Sub-category

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Labourer/Excavator/Concreting Labour 0.00 0.00 0.00 12.38

Bamboo Scaffolder 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Bricklayer 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.25
Mason 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Marble Worker 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Plasterer 0.00 0.00 4.49 0.96
Carpenter (Formwork} 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Joiner 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.37
Construction Plant Mechanic 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Metal Worker/ General Welder 2.27 0.00 13.29 0.00
Structural Steel Erector 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Painter & Decorator 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.92
Plumber 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10
Bar Bender and Fixer 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
cncretor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Drain layer 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Plant & Equipment Operator {Load Shifting } 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Rigger/Metal Formwork Erector 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Asphalter (Road Construction } 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Glazier 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02
Rock-breaking Driller 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Heavy Load Labourer 0.00 1.75 3.76 0.00
Structural Steel Welder
0.00 0.00 0.00
Leveller 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Truck Driver 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Diver 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Diver's Lineman 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Electrical Fitter {incl. Electrician } 89.71 156.04 90.25 367.93
Mechanical Fitter 1.82 0.00 0.00 36.37
Refrigeration/ACNentilation Mechanic 0.00 0.00 166.55 490.77
Fire Services Mechanic 0.00 0.00 1.27 62.89
Lift and Escalator Mechanic 70.15 0.00 1.27 0.00
Building Services Maintenance Mechanic 4.07 0.00 0.00 0.00
Cable Jointer (Power} 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.65
the 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Total Labur Man-days/$M 168 158 281 981
Average Labour Multipliers (Man-yea$M 0.57 0.53 0.95 3.32
Labour Requirements for a Typical Project unde a Sub-category
Department : EPD
Category : Waste Management Sub-category
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Labourer/Excavator/Concreting Labour 47.23 47.23
Bamboo Scaffolder 0.00 0.12
Bricklayer 0.00 1.24
Mason 0.00 0.00
Marble Worker 0.00 0.00
Plasterer 0.00 0.29
Carpenter {Formwork} 2.73 2.26
Joiner 0.00 0.97
Construction Plant Mechanic 5.42 4.02
Metal Worker/ General Welder 4.47 0.00
Structural Steel Erector 0.77 0.00
Painter & Decorator 0.00 2.37
Plumber 0.00 0.82
Bar Bender and Fixer 0.00 0.98
Concretor 2.43 3.84
Drain layer .00 0.47
Plant & Equipment Operator {Load Shifting) 59.03 15.30
Rigger/Metal Formwork Erector 0.00 0.00
Asphalter {Road Construction } 0.00 0.00
Glazier 0.00 0.62
Rock-breaking Driller 2.27 0.08
Heavy Load Labourer 0.00 0.00
Structural Steel Welder 0.00 0.68
Leveller 2.79 0.22
Truck Driver 18.00 0.00
Diver 0.00 0.00
Diver's Lineman 0.00 0.00
Electrical Fitter (incl. Electrician } 2.39 2.33
Mechanical Fitter 9.71 0.00
Refrigeration/ACNentilation Mechanic 0.00 0.00
Fire Services Mechanic 0.00 0.00
Lift and Escalator Mechanic 0.00 0.00
Building Services Maintenance Mechanic 0.00 0.00
Cable Jointer (Power} 0.00 0.00
the rs 0.00 5.97
Total Labour (Man-days/$M) 157 90
Average Labour Multipliers Man-yea$M 0.53 0.30
Labour Requirements for a Typical Project under a Sub-category
Department : Highways Department
Category : Roads and Drainage Sub-category
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Labourer/Excavator/Concreting Labour 200.29 295.61 275.73 304.70 344.25 250.00 346.54
BambooScaolder .00 0.00 0.84 0.10 0.00 0.00 1.95
Bricklayer 0.63 0.00 0.18 1.91 0.37 0.20 0.00
Mason 1.33 0.00 1.63 1.64 1.57 0.45 0.00
Marble Worker 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Plasterer 0.19 4.33 .88 0.47 1.88 5.07 0.00
Carpenter {Formwork} 48.43 56.85 55.61 50.89 31.79 49.98 48.27
Joiner 3.48 8.58 0.00 0.00 3.34 0.00 0.00
Construction Plant Mechanic 0.00 0.00 6.60 5.29 0.00 6.89 21.96
Metal Worker/ General Welder 5.87 9.54 6.11 0.89 16.09 3.04 44.51
Structural Steel Erector 0.00 0.36 1.80 0.00 0.00 27.20 1.96
Painter & Decorato 1.55 16.53 4.56 3.66 3.30 2.05 1.44
Plumber 0.05 5.54 0.00 0.00 3.51 0.00 0.00
Bar Bender and Fixer 22.60 36.37 13.78 4.48 7.57 27.23 0.29
Co 1cretor 1.77 1.40 20.22 23.30 5.13 18.64 33.42
Drain layer 1.90 0.36 4.98 10.18 12.43 6.00 41.11
Plant & Equipment Operator {Load Shiing 40.67 63.87 56.80 64.44 59.30 44.44 36.50
Rigger/Metal Formwork Erector 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00
Asphalter (Road Construction } 0.47 0.00 0.00 0.97
0.00 0.00
Glazier 0.00 0.00 0.55
0.00 0.00

Rock-breaking Driller 5.38 0.44 5.08 2.11 5.65 2.60 16.09
Heavy Load Laboue 0.00 .0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Structural Steel Welder 0.00 0.14 4.56 3.66 .23 2.05 1.44
Leveler 11.90 0.0 3.96 7.46 7.94 7.47 0.00
Truck Driver 15.03 42.57 57.27 93.34 40.38 12.18 74.10
Diver 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Diver's Lineman 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Electrical Fier (incl. Electrician } 4.91 10.88 3.65 5.21 1.40 4.77 0.13

Mechanical Fitter 0.86 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.00
Refrigeration/ACNentilation Mechanic

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 00
Fire Services Mechanic 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Lift and Escalator Mechanic 0.00 2.19 0.00

0.00 0.00 0.0
Building Services Maintenance Mechanic

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0

Cable Jointer {Power} 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
the rs 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.0

Total Labour (Man-days/$M} 367 556 525 584 547 470 670
Average LaburMultiplieMan-yea$M 1.25 1.88 1.78 1.98 1.85 1.59 2.27
Labour Requirements for a Typical Project under a Sub-categ
Department : TDD
Category Site Formation Road and Drainage

!.,
Sub-category c: c:
~ c:
c: c:
E :a 1G
~ ~
.!2 -
~~ ~ ::>
.c 1G
E
~

E LL

Trade a~ j~ ll.. ll..

Labourer/Excavator/Concreting Labour 15.97 207.96 193.36 148.78 0.00

Bambo Scaffolder 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00
Bricklayer 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.44 0.00
Mason 0.38 5.01 0.00 2.40 0.00
Marble Worker 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Plasterer 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.18 0.00
Carpenter {Formwork} 0.58 43.82 0.00 32.00 0.00
Joiner 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.02 0.00
Construction Plant Mechanic 48.28 23.43 0.00 13.84 56.90
Metal Worker/ General Welder 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Structural Steel Erector 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Painter & Decorator 0.38 0.87 0.00 8.28 0.00
Plumber .19 0.00 0.00 6.43 7.30
Bar Bender and Fixer 0.00 10.46 0.00 16.35 0.00
Concretr 0.19 1.96 0.00 29.54 0.00
Drain layer 0.00 1.31 0.00 1.85 0.00
Plant & Equipment Operator {Load Shifting } 52.32 100.60 19.58 66.05 0.00
Rigger/Metal Formwork Erector 0.29 0.09 0.00 0.67 0.17
Asphalter {Road Construction)

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Glazier 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Rock-breaking Driller 0.00 9.16 3.89 1.96 3.27
Heavy Load Labourer 0.67 0.13 0.00 3.80 1.57
Structural Steel Welder 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Leveller 1.92 5.45 0.00 5.45 4.36
Truck Driver 94.25 125.35 0.47 33.90 15.91
Diver 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Diver's Lineman 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Electrical Fitter (incl. Electrician) 0.19 0.54 0.03 3.92 28.34
Mechanical Fitter 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Refrigeration/ACNentilation Mechanic 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Fire Services Mechanic 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Lift and Escalator Mechanic 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Building Services Maintenance Mechanic 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Cable Jointer {Power} 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Others 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Total Labour (Man-days/$M } 218 536 217 385 118
Average Labour Multipliers (Man-years/$M } 0.74 1.82 0.74 1.30 0.40
Labour Requirements for a Typical Project under a Sub-category
Department : Water Supplies Department
Category : Waterworks Sub-category

Trade
=
At-
z~
.!: .~ .
~0 -~
Cl
c
~

i 1; 4;
:
JE- Z~

fos. ~
c. 3 c~
E~ m
:::J:::J c .u :::J
c..

Labourer/Excavator/Concreting Labour 174.39 175.57 221.81 192.14 66.99 545.10 114.94
Bamboo Scaffolder 2.32 3.61 0.30 0.02 0.76 9.69 0.00
Bricklayer 2.83 2.13 1.81 0.08 0.00 5.25 0.00
Mason 0.46 0.00 0.72 0.32 0.00 5.74 0.00
Marble Worker 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Plasterer 11.14 47.61 3.82 6.17 2.70 11.07 0.00
Carpenter (Formwork} 62.02 82.39 37.51 19.93 14.22 15.06 0.00
Joiner 9.47 12.58 4.33 1.29 0.00 15.65 0.00
Construction Plant Mechanic 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.21 0.54 4.59 0.00
Metal Worker/ General Welder 9.74 9.01 3.06 18.08 0.09 29.62 81.72
Structural Steel Erector 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.15 0.17 3.05 0.00
Painter & Decorator 6.16 21.56 0.83 0.27 1.99 9.34 0.59
Plumber 8.52 12.65 1.86 1.46 0.50 27.36 1.08
Bar Bender and Fixer 30.26 51.53 31.22 8.69 3.83 5.19 0.00
Concreter 0.00 6.77 14.65 6.17 3.58 39.61 0.00
Drain layer 7.73 0.00 2.29 10.76 0.00 22.12 0.00
Plant & Equipment perator (Load Shifting} 27.38 21.79 78.12 57.47 9.68 45.88 0.00
Rigger/Metal Formwork Erector 0.00 0.00 0.50 3.28 0.00 0.00 0.00
Asphalter {Road Construction } 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.18 0.00 6.77 0.00
Glazier 0.41 1.27 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00
Rock-breaking Driller 0.22 0.00 7.42 16.13 8.04 9.82

Heavy Lad Labourer 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.59 0.00 4.18 0.00
Structural Steel Welder 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.34 0.00 1.05 0.00
Leveller 0.00 0.00 0.75 2.92 0.09 3.66 0.00
Truck Driver 7.81 20.12 34.24 34.69 10.61 84.10 0.00
Diver 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.02 0.00
Diver's Lineman 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.09 0.00 0.02 0.00
Electrical Fitter (incl. Electrician} 37.69 66.97 11.12 2.60 0.13 3.72 415.61
Mechanical Fitter 0.00 0.00 1.35 0.98 0.00 0.85 0.00
Refrigeration/ACNentilation Mechanic 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00

Fire Services Mechanic 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 54.21
Lift and Escalatr Mechanic 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.11 0.00
0.00
Building Services Maintenance Mechanic 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.73
Cable Jointer {Power} 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 25.51
Othe 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Total Labour Man days/$M 399 536 458 393 124 909 696
Average Labour Multipliers (Man-years/$M } 1.35 1.82 1.55 1.33 0.42 3.08 2.36
 Annex3

Ratios of Contractor Staff to Labour and RSS to Labour

Civil Proiects

Contract Sum Contractor Staff: Manual Site RSS : Manual Site

($M) Worker (l:x) Worker(l~

SOM 3.3 14.l

50 - 500 4 6.6 15.9
> 500 4 10.1 8.6
Overall (civil) 6.6 12.4

Buildint?: Proiects

Contract Sum Contractor Staff: Manual Site RSS : Manual Site

$~ Worker (l:x) Worker(l

0-50M 3.3 24
50- 500 M 12.0 13.9
>500M 19.0 37
Overall (bldg) 14.5 33.2

Note:
a) Ratios are determined based on returns in 1999/2001 and an additional survey in
2001/2002.
b) For consultant-managed building pr the staff ratios for RSS are based on
returns in the survey in 2001/2002.
 Annex4

Staff Multipliers for Consultant Staff in Consultancy Study

For consultancy fees up to $50M

IDept Type of consultancy Avg prof Avg tech Avg nc Tot1

staff/$M sfif!/ $M staff/$M

Arch SD arch.arch 0.5805 0.4291 0.2141 1.2238

IArchSD arch.qty 0.0994 0.1326 0.0774 0.3093
Arch SD arch.struc 0.1212 0.1603 0.0814 0.3629
IArchSD arch.bs 0.1212 0.1603 0.0814 0.3629
All other Depts civil 0.8704 0.7583 0.2647 1.8935

For consultancy fees exceeding $50

IDept Type of consultancy Avg prof Avg tech Avg nc Total

stlff/ $M sfif!/ $M staff/$M

IArchSD arch.arch 0.2379 0.2926 0.1030 0.6335

ki\rchSD arch.tv 0.0640 0.0854 0.0499 0.1993
ki\rchSD arch.struc 0.0663 0.0919 0.0460 0.2043
rchSD arch.bs 0.0663 0.0919 0.0460 0.2043
11 other Depts c1v1l 0.1407 0.1000 0.0407 0.2814
 Annex5

A Worked Example for Estimation of Jobs created by a Public Works Project

To illustrate the methodology for job estimation in the guideline, a step-by-step

explanation with an example is given below:

1. Pr ect data needed in the estimation

(a) Pr ect title - It is required for determining the ceg and sub-category of the
project (refer to Annex 1) and hence, the labour multipliers of the sub-category
(refer to Labour multipliers' at Annex 2 or Average Labour Multiplier/$M in
Annex 1). Under each sub-category, labour multipliers for estimating total labour
requirement (in man-days per $M) of the project or for requirements of individual
trades of the project are available.

(b) Contract type - It is required to indicate whether it is a works contract or a

consultancy study. For consultancy study, the estimation of no. of consultant staff is
based on a different set of multipliers (refer to 1ultipliers for consultant' at Annex
3). However, the requirement of labour for the consultancy studies is usually
neglected.

(c) Supervised by It is required to indicate whether the project is managed in-house or

managed by consultant. For the latter case, the estimation of Resident Site Staff
(RSS) in addition to labour and contractor staff is needed. For building projects in
ArchSD, estimation of RSS for consultant-managed projects is required if RSS,
instead of in-house supervisory staff, is deployed for site supervision.

(d) Contract value - It is required for calculating the average cash flow per year for
estimating manpower requirements. Prect estimate may be used if actual contract
value is not available.

(e) Contract duration - It is required for calculating the average cash flow per year.

2. Project data given in an example:

Project : a pedestrian subway

Contract type : works contract
Supervised by : consultant
Contract value: $30M
Contract duration: 27 months (2.25 yrs. )

3. Identification of project category and multiplier

(a) This type of project is under the category of roads and drainage' and the sub-
category of Subway/underpass as shown at Annex 1.
(b) From Annex 1, the labour multiplier (average labour requirement in man-day
for all workers for subway/underpass is 470.

(c) The multipliers for individual trades are also included in the labour multiplier table.
For example, the multiplier for structural steel erector of this sub-category is 27.2.

4. Calculation of average core cash flow per year

The average core cash flow per year
=contract value I (0.9 x contract period (in years))
= $30M I (0.9 x 2.25 yrs)
= $14.81M per year

5. Calculation oflabour requirement in man-day per year

Labour requirement in man-day per year
= average core cash flow per year x coesponding multiplier
= 14.81x470
= 6961 man-days per year

6. Conversion of labour man-days to no. of labour per year

Given 1 man-year = 295 man-days,
No. of labour per year
= labour man-days I 295
= 6961 I 295 = 24

7. Calculation of no. of contractor staff and RSS per year

For civil engineering projects, the ratios of contractor staff to labour and RSS to labour
are taken as 1: 6.6 and 1: 12.4 respectively (refer to Annex 3).
Hence, no. of contractor staff= 24/6.6 =3.64 4
no. ofRSS = 24/12.4 = 1.94 2

8. Calculation of no. of professional staff and technical & ancillary staff

8.1 Contractor staff

Ratio of professional staff to technical & ancillary staff is 13 %: (68+ 19)%
Hence, no. of professional staff= 3.64 x 0.13 = 0.47 1
no. of technical & ancillary staff= 3.64 x 0.87 =3.17 3

8.2 RSS
Ratio of professional staff to technical & ancillary staff is 22% : (70+8)%
Hence, no. of professional sta~ 1.94 x 0.22 = 0.4
no. of technical & ancillary staff= 1.94 x 0.78 = 1.6 2