EXPLANATION TEXT

SEA-HORSE (KUDA LAUT).

Sea-horses are sea creatures with heads. It seems like horses. They are actually fish. They build
their homes in warm, shallow water, where they live amongst sea plants.

A sea-horse has a skeleton, gills, and fins like a fish. But, unlike other fish, however, it doesn't
have scales. Its body is covered with bony plates of 'armour'. This heavy 'armour' makes it hard
for the sea-horse to swim. It spends much of its time having a rest among the sea plants. It uses
its prehensile tail to anchor itself to plants. When microscopic sea animals swim by, the sea
horse quickly sucks them up with its long snout.

The eyes of sea-horse do not look straight ahead like human. A sea-horse can look left with one
eye and look right with the other. This means it can look out for enemies with one eye and
search for food with other.

Sea-horse are clever at camouflaging themselves. They can change their colors easily. They can
be brown, red, yellow, black, grey, or white. They also change their color in the blink of an eye.
This makes it hard for enemies like birds and crabs to see them.
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BUTTERFLY

Many people believe that butterfly has a very short age. In fact, adult butterfly can live for a
week or even a year, it depends on the species. Most of the species on the level of larvae live
quite longer and those can be dormant on the level of cocoon or egg in order to survive in the
cold weather.

Butterfly can give egg once or many times a year. The number of its heredity is different. It
depends on the influence of the climate, in which butterfly that live in the tropical region can
give egg more than once a year.

Butterfly is an insect which has perfect metamorphosis. Perfect metamorphosis has four steps of
growth in its life cycle.

Metamorphosis is a process from worm into new animal (perfect phase) that is butterfly. The
process is quite long but simple. First, it starts from egg which is put on the leave in order the
leave can be the food for the worm until it is adult and becomes a cocoon and in some days it
will become new butterfly.

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The egg will hatch for about 3-5 day. The larvae will walk to the edge of leave and start to it.
Some of larvae will eat the shell of an empty egg as its first food. The outer skin of the larvae
doesnt develop following its growth, but when it becomes so tight, the larvae will replace the
skin with the new one. The length of the skin alternation will be 4-6 times. The form of larvae is
various. But most of them are cylinder; sometime they have hair or thorn. When larvae reach its
maximum growth, it will stop eating and walk to find a place to be a shelter. It will stick on twig
or leave. In this step, larvae enter the phase of pre-cocoon and detach its skin for the last time to
be a cocoon.

Cocoon phase is the resting phase whereas there will be a perfect insect formation on it. In
general, cocoon is so hard, soft, and a structure without part of body. The colour is green or
brown. The length of butterfly formation in this step takes 7-21 days, depend on the species.

After it comes out from the cocoon, butterfly will crawl vertically so that its weak, crumpled, and
quite wet wings can hang down and develop normally. After the wings are dried, developed, and
strong, the wings will open and close for some times to try to fly.

Butterfly is an insect which can do activity in the afternoon and in the evening it will take arrest
on the leave of a tree. In the afternoon, butterfly will be more active to fly and search food and
mate. It does all of the activity individually, but they often seem to fly in couple. And at the right
time they will be mating.

After that, the female butterfly will put the egg on the leave of a tree. Butterfly with small wings
can fly in range 10 cm until 2 meter. Meanwhile a butterfly with bigger wings can fly until 10
meter.
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During this time the water has always been something very useful and needed for the whole
human race, given how people living in dry areas without clean water can only bewail their fate
cross-legged in the absence of clean water, they can only hope the existence of Government
assistance who willingly share clean water to them, or which make great gift of rain for them.
Even in a region where people drink from the urine of cows. Really sad.

But it is another story if the water came up with the amount of the excess that will cause impact
damage and harm to the surrounding community. In Indonesia or rather of Jakarta City,
flooding is a problem that often hit the people. Where every time a flood hit, then it will impact
the troubled society. Today, most of the flood that hit the community is troublesome and floods
resulting from the seeds of the troubles that have grown the community itself.

The flooding comes from excess middens in the gutter, mining that continues to erode the soil
layer to the surface of the ground, causing a decrease in illegal logging that continues to eat
away at the jungle. It is all the seeds the man planting a long time ago and finally harvested by
the younger generation.

The process of flooding yourself occurs when the rainy season comes and caused water sources
such as rivers, seas, lakes, and ditches no longer holds water that down. Bare soil without
overgrown trees will speed up the process of the frequent air times, since trees should absorb
the water to be used as ingredients of photosynthesis has gone and made a cut down material
furniture. When water no longer can hold, the water will overflow and drain into the settlement,
causing an impact that is not arguably a bit.

Floods on a large scale would cause harm and damage to the population. If the water is
overflowing the sources come from waste water, the flood will cause disease such as itching,
diarrhea and so on.

There is also a flood that occurs because the leaking dike retaining water, when the
embankment is no longer able to hold the mass of the water that continues to grow.

So, who exactly is to blame? Most communities often blame the Government over the occurrence
of floods that hit their area. Blaming the Government for not providing adequate facilities to
prevent flooding. However, try to re-think.

If the community itself does not create a tumpukkan garbage in water sources such as rivers,
ditches, even the sea, flood as happening in Jakarta would not have happened. If the community
does not conduct illegal logging of the rainforests of Borneo will be complete with coal mining
his unbridled, Borneo rain forest will not be turned into an artificial lake as of now.
 explanation Text
How chocolate is made

Have we wondered how we get chocolate from? Well this time we will enter the amazing world
of chocolate so we can understand exactly we are eating.

Chocolate starts a tree called cacao tree. This tree grows in equatorial regions, especially in
place such as South America, Africa, and Indonesia. The cacao tree produces a fruit about the
size of a small pine apple. In side the fruits are the tree's seeds. They are also known as coco
beans.

Next, the beans are fermented for about a week, dried in the sun. After that they are shipped to
the chocolate maker. The chocolate maker starts by roasting the beans to bring out the flavour.
Different beans from different places have different qualities and flavour. So they are often
shorted and blended to produce a distinctive mix.

The next process is winnowing. The roasted beans are winnowed to remove the meat nib of the
cacao bean from its shell. Then the nibs are blended. The blended nibs are ground to make it a
liquid. The liquid is called chocolate liquor. It tastes bitter.

All seeds contain some amount of fat and cacao beans are not different. However, cacao beans
are half fat, which is why the ground nibs from liquid. It is pure bitter chocolate.
 explanation Text

How Venus Eclipse Happens

On May 16, 2010, people in most regions in the world have seen a very rare natural
phenomenon. It was Venus eclipse. It was very rare amazing natural event. It was reported that
the Venus eclipse will seen again in the future in 2050. Do you know how this rare Venus eclipse
happens?

Well, actually Venus eclipse is like Sun eclipse. Venus eclipses occurs when the position of the
earth, moon and Venus is parallel. Venus planet will slowly disappear for a moment because it
is covered the surface of the Moon. Venus planet seems to move to the back side of the Moon.

The moon and planets are sharing a similar apparent path in the sky. That is why, it is not
unusual for the moon to appear to pass close to Venus. In fact, the moon appears somewhere
near it about once a month. However, most people dont see these events because they are
visible in the evening sky only half the time, and then only for a short period after sunset. The
apparent closeness varies from month to month as well.
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ENGLISH

Explanation text: Flood Flood is a flood of water that submerges land. It usually occurs due to
heavy rain. Another cause is due to high tides. But we hear most often frequent flooding due to
overflowing rivers water.Flood occurred in the river when the water flow exceeds the capacity
of the river channel, particularly at the corners. So for people who own a home or business is
close to a natural river flood often get the loss. They have homes and businesses near the river
because of the benefits and comfort aspects. Seasonal flooding is also a problem that occurs in
large cities with little or no drainage system exists. Sea is also called the flood tide also causes a
lot of harm to all people who live near the coast. So flooding is not only detrimental to the area
around the river but also cause losses in the area around the beach. But now the tide occurs due
to melting sea ice in the Arctic is causing rising sea levels. So flooding is the result of all the
natural disasters on earth. And the flood was a natural disaster itself. The word "flood" comes
from the Old English "flod", a word common to Germanic languages (compare German "Flut",
Dutch "vloed" from the same root as is seen in flow, float; also compare with Latin "fluctus",
"Flumen"). Flood myth is a mythical story of a great flood sent by a deity or deities to destroy
civilization as an act of divine retribution, and featured in the mythology of many cultures
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WHY PEOPLE CHOOSE NOTEBOOKS?

A laptop is a kind of computer unit which has the same function as a PC (Personal Computer),
but is smaller, lighter and has different shape. But, why most people choose Notebooks?

The first reason is because notebook is a portable device. It means that we can take a notebook
anywhere. This portability is very helpful for our work, study and other activities. We do not
need complicated cable instalations to activate a notebook and with a notebook we can do our
work anytime anywhere.

Second reason is laptops allow us to access the internet in public places which have hot spots
providing free access or in other places by paying a fee and using passwords. Some people like
to use this facility to carry out their activities.

Finally, notebooks consume energy more efficiently than PC. This devise uses a battery as a
source of electric energy. We can just charge the battery and use laptops without wasting too
much energy. It also means that we support the government program to save energy. Thats why
laptops have become very popular.
Reading Text

Ultraviolet light means the invisible part of the spectrum beyond violet. This light has always
been regarded as very useful because it is used to cure certain skin diseases, kill bacteria, detect
counterfeit money, from vitamins, etc.

Along with the increasingly extensive use of computers in financial activities, ultraviolet light
has been widely applied by banks to identify the signatures of the costumers in passbook. When
the card is removed, the trace of his signature will be left; this can be used to compare with the
signature on the customers withdrawal slip under ultraviolet light.

Ultraviolet light certainly has many practical applications, but it may also be harmful to human
being on some occasions. To everyones knowledge, the direct impact of the light on the yes for
an excessive length of time may blind a person.

Even though it can cure certain skin disease, it is also very harmful to the skin. A study just
completed in the United States says that the light may cause skin cancer. The ultraviolet rays of
the sun have been ranked as the third most dangerous cancer-causing agent after alcohol and
tobacco.

It is high time to warn sun-worshippers in the quest for a bronzed look to be careful of excessive
and uncontrolled exposure to the sun.