Acknowledgement

The satisfaction that accompanies the successful completion of any task would be
incomplete without the mention of the people who made it possible and whose encouragement and
guidance has been a source of inspiration throughout the course of the project.

It is great pleasure to convey our profound sense of gratitude to our principal Dr.
Nayanathara K. S, Dr. K. Lalithandra, Head of the ECE Department, CVR college of
Engineering for having been kind enough for arranging the necessary facilities for executing the
project in the college.

We would like to express our sincere gratitude to our guide, Mrs. S. Swetha, Assistant
Professor ECE Dept, CVR College of Engineering, whose guidance and valuable suggestions
have been indispensable to bring about the successful completion of our project.

We wish to acknowledge special thanks to the Project Coordinators Mrs. S. Swetha and
Mr. Balraju, Asst. Professor, ECE Dept. for assessing seminars, inspiration, moral support and
giving us valuable suggestions in our project.

We would also like to express our gratitude to all the staff members and lab faculty,
department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, CVR College of Engineering for the
constant help and support.

We wish a deep sense of gratitude and heartfelt thanks to management for providing
excellent lab facilities and tools. Finally, we thank all those whose guidance helped us in this
regard.

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Abstract

The project is designed to develop a four-quadrant speed-control system for a DC motor. The
motor is operated in four quadrants: clockwise, counter clock-wise, forward brake and reverse
brake. It also has a feature of speed control. The four-quadrant operation of the DC motor is best
suited for industries where motors are used according to the requirement. They can rotate in
clockwise, counter clockwise directions and one can apply brakes immediately in both the
directions. In case of a specific operation in industrial environment, the motor needs to be stopped
immediately. In such a scenario, this proposed system is very apt as forward brake and reverse
brake are its integral features. Instantaneous brake in both the directions happens because of
applying a reverse voltage across the running motor for a brief period. The speed of the motor is
controlled using Bluetooth on your smartphone Arduino Development Board is used for this
operation.

Keywords DC motor, Arduino, Power supply block, L293D Motor driver IC, Bluetooth.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT i
ABSTRACT. ii
CONTENTS iii
LIST OF FIGURES Vii

Chapter 1 Overview

1.1. Introduction 1

1.2. Aim of the system 1

1.3. Methodology 1

1.4. Significance of work 2

1.5. Organization 2

Chapter 2 Introduction to Embedded Systems

2.1. Introduction to Embedded Systems 3

2.1.1. Embedded Systems 3

2.1.2 Characteristics Of Embedded Systems 4

2.1.3 Classification of Embedded Systems 5

2.1.4 Applications of Embedded Systems 5

2.2 Need for Embedded Systems 6

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2.3 Microprocessor (MPU) 7

2.4 Microcontroller (MCU) 7

2.5 Comparision Between Microprocessor And Microcontroller 8

2.6 Conclusion 9

Chapter 3 Hardware Description

3.1 Arduino 10

3.1.1 Introduction to the Arduino Board 10

3.1.2 Digital Pins 11

3.1.3 Analog Pins 12

3.1.4 Power Pins 12

3.1.5 Other Pins 13

3.1.6 Atmega 328 13

3.1.6.1 Pin Diagram 13

3.1.6.2 Features 15

3.1.6.3 AVR CPU Core 16

3.1.6.4 Overview 17

3.1.7 Arduino with ATMEGA328 19

3.1.8 Arduino Characteristics 20

3.2. DC motor 21

3.2.1. Specification 22

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 3.2.2. Applications 24

3.3. L293D Motor driver IC 25

3.3.1. Pin diagram 26

3.3.2. Specifications 26

3.3.3. Applications 27

3.4. Bluetooth 27

3.4.1. Introduction 27

3.4.2. Specifications 28

3.5. Interfacing Arduino with your smart phone 29

3.6. Battery 29

3.7 Conclusion 30

Chapter 4 Project Description

4.1. Introduction 31

4.2. Working 32

4.3. Conclusion 33

Chapter 5 Advantages and Applications

5.1. Advantages 34

5.2. Applications 34

Chapter 6 Result 35

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Chapter 7 Future Scope 36

Chapter 8 Referances 37

Appendix 38

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List of figures

2.3.1. Block Diagram Of a Microprocessor 7

2.4.1. Block Diagram Of a Microcontroller 8

3.1.1.1. Structure of Arduino Board 10

3.1.1.2. Arduino Board 11

3.1.6.1. Pin Configuration of Atmega328 14

3.1.6.3.1 Block Diagram of AVR 16

3.1.6.4.1. AVR core architecture 17

3.5. AVR core architecture 18

3.1.8.1. Arduino 21

3.3.1.1. Pin diagram of L293D module 26

3.4.1. Bluetooth module 28

3.6. Battery 29

4.1.1. Block Diagram 32

6.1. Output of the project 35

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