SULPHUR HEXAFLURIDE (SF6) GAS

The SF6 gas in a pure state is inert, exhibits the exceptional thermal ability and excellent arc quenching properties as well as exceptional high insulating properties. It is one of the most stable
compounds, inert, nonflammable, nontoxic and odorless. The SF6 gas remains in gaseous state without liquidification down to -30c at the maximum pressure of the puffer type breakers.
The density of SF6 gas is about five times that of air and heat dissipation in it is also much more than in the air. At the atmospheric pressure, the pressure, the dielectric strength is about 2.4times
that of air and about 3akag/cm it is same that of oil.
There is some decomposition of the gas after long periods of arcing. However such decomposition is very little and has no effect upon dielectric strength and interrupting capability. The solid arc-
product formed by arcing is metallic fluoride which appears in the form of a fine gray powder. This arc generated powder has high dielectric strength at dry conditions as existing in the breaker. A good
quality absorbent is used in the apparatus to remove the most of gaseous decomposed by-products. So the level of this gaseous by-product is kept very low.

Physical properties of SF6 gas

1. Molecular weight : 146.07

2. Melting point : -50.7c
3. Sub-limitation Temp : -63.8c
4. Critical Temp : 45.547 0.003c
5. Critical pressure : 38.55 Kgf / cm
6. Critical density : 0.730 g/cm
7. Dielectric constant
At 25c 1atm : 1.002
8. Thermal conductivity
At 30c : 3.36 105
9. Specific heat ratio : 1.07
10. Density at 20c
Type of 400KV,230KV,110KV SF6 breakers available in TNEB At 0
Sl.No Rating Make Type Operating SF6 Pressure Air / Hydraulic pressure kgf / cm : 6.205
of the Mechanism gm / lit
breaker Closing Opening Normal Low Lockout Normal Low Auto Close Trip At 1
Alarm reclose Lockout Lockout kgf / cm :
Lockout 12.3 gm / lit
1. 400KV CGL 400-SFM- 40A Spring Air 6.0 bar 5.5 bar 5.0 bar 15.5 bar 13.2bar 13.5bar 12 bar 12 bar At 5
kgf / cm :
Alstom GL 316 Spring Spring 0.85 Mpa 0.74Mpa 0.71Mpa
38.2 gm/lit
(Areva)
At 10
BHEL 3AT2 Hydraulic Hydraulic 7.5 bar 6.5 bar 6.35 bar 3133 303 bar 2733 253 bar
kgf / cm :
bar bar
75.6 gm / lit
2. 230KV ABB ELF 245nc1 Air Air 7.0 bar 6.5 bar 6.0 bar 20.5 bar 18.0bar 19.0 bar 17.3 bar 16.7 bar
At 15
ABB ELF SL4 - 1 Air Air 7.0 bar 6.2 bar 6.0 bar 21.5 bar 18.0bar 19.3 bar 17.6 bar 17.0 bar
kgf / cm :
ABB LTB 245 E1 Spring Spring 7.0 bar 6.2 bar 6.0 bar 119.0 gm / lit
Alstom GL 314 Spring Spring 0.85Mpa 0.74Mpa 0.71Mpa
(Areva)
Alstom FXT14F Spring Spring 7.5 bar 6.2 bar 6.0 bar 10. Cp
(Areva) : 23.22 cal / mole c
CGL 200-SFM-40A Spring Air 6.0 bar 5.50.3 bar 5.00.03 bar 15.5 bar 13.2 bar 14.3 bar 12.0 bar 12.0 bar
TELK OFPI-200-31L Spring Air 6.0 bar 5.50.2 bar 5.00.2 bar 15.0 bar 13.7 bar 13.5 bar 13.5 bar
3. 110KV ABB ELF 145 nc1 Air Air 6.0 bar 5.2 bar 5.0 bar 20.5 bar 18.0 bar 19.0 bar 15.8 bar 15.0 bar
ABB ELF SF21(r) Air Air 7.0 bar 6.2 bar 6.0 bar 22.0 bar 19.0 bar 20.5 bar 18.8 bar 18.0 bar
Alstom FX11 Spring Spring 6.3 nar 5.7 bar 5.4 bar
(Areva)
Alstom GL312 Spring Spring 6.3 bar 5.7 bar 5.4 bar
(Areva)
CGL 120-SFM-32A Spring Air 6.0 bar 5.5 bar 5.0 bar 15.5 bar 13.5 bar 14.3 bar 13.0 bar 13.0 bar
CGL 120-SFM-32A Spring Air 5.0 bar 4.5 bar 4.0 bar 15.5 bar 13.5 bar 14.3 bar 13.0 bar 13.0 bar
CGL 120-SFM-32B Spring Spring 7.0 bar 6.5 bar 6.0 bar
BHEL 3AR1EG Hydraulic Hydraulic 6.5 bar 5.7 bar 5.5 bar 325 bar 303 bar 273bar 253 bar
SEIMENS 3AP1FG Spring Spring 7.0 bar 6.5 bar 6.0 bar
2. TROUBLES OCCURING IN AIR COMPRESSORS AND REMEDIES

SL.NO TYPE OF TROUBLE CAUSE RANEDY

1. Compressor fails to a) Single phasing of 1. Check the fuses of 3 phases.
start power supply to motor. 2. Check the 3 phase voltage at incoming
terminal blocks.
3. Check 3 phase voltage at incoming and
outgoing of contactor.
4. If any one phase absent in contactor out
going terminal, then check the particular
contactor tip and correct it (or) replace the
contactor.

b) Motors over loads 1. Release air through safety valve at

due to back pressure in intercooler pipe of compressor.
compressor/failure of 2. Release a marginal quantity of air from
NRV in the pipe from air reservoir.
air reservoir. Then start the compressor. If still
compressor fails to start, then decouple the
motor from compressor and start the motor
to check the healthiness of the motor.

2. Compressor runs but 1. Check air leakage in pneumatic

fails to build up a) Air leak operating/storage system if any and asset it.
pressure 2. If there is no leak in pneumatics systems,
then trouble may be in compressor valve
b) Worn out piston and plate are (or) piston and compressor
valve plates.

3. Air leak through Broken safety bush at Replace the safety bush.
safety valve. safety valve.

4. Frequent starting of Air leak. Air leak in pneumatic system to be

compressor. arrested.

Essential spare requires:-

1. 1No contactor for each type of compressor identical to the existing contactor.
2. 1No thermal over load relay for each type compressor identical to the existing over load relay.
3. Rubber bush for safety valve. (Available at oil seals corporation. Mobile NO: 9884789222.)
4. Oil level glass: (Available at M/S Thermal Engineering service). PH NO. 28520540, 28526184, 28527985.
5. For compressor, use ELGI Air lube oil (Available at M/S Thermal engineering service).

Principle of Operation Of 400KV BHEL Make 3AT2 Type Breakers;

The operating energy is provided by nitrogen compressed in storage cylinder.

Troubles in 400KV BHEL, 3AT2 Breakers and remedies;

Sl Type of trouble Cause Remedy
no
1. Hydraulic a)trapped air hydraulic Carry out venting of hydraulic system (Ref; venting
pressure not mechanism. the hydraulic system)
b) pressure release screw Check the condition of pressure release screw, if it is
open in open condition, close it.

c)hydraulic pump not Attend defect in pump ( or ) replace the pump

giving output;
open out the outlet pipe
of hydraulic pump and
check the output. If otput
is not required level, then
it confirms defective
hydraulic pump.
( direction of rotation of
pump is not a criteria)

c) internal leakage in oil Find out the particular valve by trial and error
3. monitoring block; method by replacing the particular valve by spare
open out the leakage unit (or) otherwise replace the oil monitoring block
oil line between oil as a whole.
monitoring block and oil
filter and check whether
oil comes out (or) not. If
oil comes then it confirms
failure of one of the
following;
i)pressure release valve
ii)non return valve
iii)safety valve

d) defective position of Position the pilot valve and main valve pistons of all
main valve piston or pilot phases in identical position ( Close (or) Open)
valve piston

e) failure of accumulator; Replace the defective accumulator

By putting dummy in
pressure oil line, isolate
the R pole from
hydraulic system ( Y &
B poles will be in
system) and check
whether hydraulic priming
pressure raises (or) not. If
priming pressure is
200bar, then it confirms
the failure of accumulator
in R phase. If the
priming pressure is less
than 200bar then it
confirms the failure of
accumulator in Y (or) B
4. Frequent running of phase. To confirm the
oil pump particular phase, isolate
B phase from hydraulic
system and observe the
priming pressure.
Sl Type of trouble Cause Remedy
no
1. One (or) Two phases Delayed closing of any 1. Switch of DC control supply.
closes and trips two (or) one phases. 2. Remove the coil connections of pole discrepancy
immediately on pole relay.
discrepancy relay. 3. Switch ON DC control supply.
Then, give close command for 2seconds
continuously.
If all 3phases get closed, then the reason is delayed
closing of one (or) two phases.
To reduce the closing time, 2things to be checked.
1. Weakened closing coil. This can be checked by
replacing the coil by a healthy coil.
2. Improper positioning of air exhaust nozzle at
solenoid valve (magnetic ventile). This can be
adjusted by trial and error method by keeping
timer kit ready.

2. Air leak with heavy Cavities formed in impact Replace the impact seal (damping gasket) if available
sound through seals of magnetic ventile (or) just remove the impact seal and reverse upside
magnetic ventile due to normal wear and down.
during breaker tear.
operation.

3. Worn out K slot rings of

Air leak through magnetic ventile. Replace the K slot rings of magnetic ventile.
magnetic ventile with
less sound
4.
Air leak through Worn out K slot ring in Replace the K slot rings of activator driver.
actuator drive unit the activator driver.
through the holes at
the bottom of the
drive unit.
5.
SF6 Gas pressure a) 63DX (or)63X Check the contactor, if defective replace it.
normal. But SF6 lock contactor defective.
out annunciation b) B) Defect in
persists. density monitor Check density monitor if defective replace it.
(63D) micro
switch.
c) Defect in density
monitor cable. Check by releasing and re-inserting density monitor
cable.
6. Weak joints.
Gas leak through
copper pipe line Re-braze by silver rod.
joints.

7. a) Worn out lip seal.

Replaces all spares of longitudinal assembly.
Principle of Operation: - Of ABB Make ELF 245 nc1 Breakers
Gas leak through Close: -
shaft. b) Scratches formed in
shaft (coupling piece) Replace coupling piece.
 By giving close command which operate the pilot valve to open. Through the pilot valve the air at the bottom (space'H') of the solenoid valve (space'G') force the solenoid valve piston to move downwards. By
which, the part' J ' is getting opened, through which the air at the top of the actuator piston (space A) escapes to atmosphere. The compressed air at the bottom of the actuator piston causes the actuator piston to move
upwards. Via coupling bolt the contacts (fixed and moving) get closed at extinction chamber. A diaphragm at moving contact opens and allows fresh gas to puffing space. The arcing contacts closed before the main
contacts there by arc limited to the arcing contacts only.
The ball catch interlock and applied compressed air hold solenoid valve piston in position closed.

Open:-
When trip command is given, the trip pilot valve allows air to the bottom of the solenoid valve piston
(space H ) and solenoid valve piston moves towards up and port J get closed and air fill up at the top of the actuator piston (space A ) and actuator piston moves downwards. Via coupling bolt, the breaker contacts get
opened. (First main contacts and then Arcing contacts). During the movement, the puffing cylinder compresses the insulating gas in the puffing space. The arc accuring between the arcing contacts is intensively
puffed, cooled and extinguished. After extinction, the isolating distance between the arcing contacts continues to be puffed. After full opening of contacts, puffing terminates.
The solenoid valve piston persists in open position by ball catch interlock and pneumatic sealing force.

Troubles in ABB, ELF, 245nc1 type breakers and remedies.

OPERATING PRINCIPAL OF THE CGL, 120 SFM 32A BREAKERS:

Opening Operation:-
Opening operation is carried out by air stored in the air reservoir at approximately
15Kg /cm. When opening command is given, the control valve allows compressed air over the piston at pneumatic
operating mechanism which compresses the closing spring and breaker gets opened (spring compressed means the
spring gets charged for next closing).

Closing Operation:-
Closing operation is accomplished bygiving closing command which releases the closing spring charged
during previous opening operation.

Specified notes for CGL, 120 SFM 32A breaker:-

The above Breakers are provided with a capacitor which stores electrical energy to trip the Breaker in DC failed
condition. The energy stored in the capacitor will trip the Breaker whenever control DC supply failed.
Due to this arrangement, checking of DC leakage by cutting OFF of DC supply, the Breaker will unnecessarily will be getting tripped. Hence to avoid this unwanted tripping, the trip lead (K23) at the
capacitor will be kept open.

Essential Tools Required:-

Manual operating (slow closing) Tool.

Essential spares required ;

1. Trip latch spring
2. Valve seat
3. Cap seal
4. C & D rollers
5. Bend pipe o rings.
TROUBLES UN CGL MAKE 120 SFM 32A TYPE BREAKERS

SL.NO TROUBLES CAUSE REMEDY

1. Breaker not latching after a) Closes command continues. 1) Check voltage cross close coil.
tripping. 2) Check antipumping circuit.

b) Misplacing of spring above 1) Place the spring properly (or) replace if

closing bigger. required.

c) Bend bar pin below the closing Replace the bar pin.
trigger.

2. Breaker dose not close. a) Defect in closing circuit Check closing coil resistance and check
closing circuit as per the scheme.

b) Sticky Antidumping pin Lubricate the Antidumping pin and make

it free.

c) Pole jamming. Check pole jamming by slow closing tool.

(Refer pole jamming)

3. Breaker close and trips a) tripping command continues. Check the Breaker operation after
immediately. removing trip coil connections.

b) Misplacement and tension change Place this spring properly (or) replace the
in spring below the trip latch. spring.

c) Worn out roller lever assembly.

Replace the roller lever assembly.

a) Defect in trip coil (or) defect in

trip circuit. Check trip coil resistance and trip circuit
as per the scheme.
b) Worn out C&D roller.
4. Breaker dose not trip Remove the control valve mechanism and
replace the C and D roller.

Worn out cap seal (or) valve seat.

5. Air leak through control Replace the valve seat and cap seal
valve. (Refer control valve maintenance)
a) Gas leak through shaft.
6. Gas leak b) Gas leak through P18 O ring. Replace the Etna seal in that area.
c) Gas leak through P7 O ring. Replace the P18 O ring.
Replace the P7 O ring.

PRINCIPAL OF OPERATION OF CGL 200 SFM 40A BREAKER

Opening operation:-
Opening operation is carried out by air stored in the air reservoir at approximately 15kg/ cm. When opening command is given, the control valve allows compressed air over the piston at pneumatic
operating mechanism which compresses the closing spring and breaker gets opened (spring compressed means the spring gets charged for next closing).

Closing operation:-
Closing operation is accomplished by closing spring charged during previous opening operation.

Essential Tool required:-

Manual operating (slow closing) tool.

Essential spares required ;

1. Trip latch spring

2. Valve seat
3. Cap seal
4. C & D rollers
5. Bend pipe o rings.

TROUBLE IN CGL MAKE 200 SFM 40A TYPE BREAKERS AND REMEDIES

SL.NO TROUBLES CAUSE REMEDY

1. Air leak in control valve Worn out valve seat (or) cap
seal.
2. For close command, breaker Any one (or) two poles
Trips on pole discrepancy. inoperative.
3. Any one pole does not close. a) burnt close coil.
b) Sticky anti pumping pin.
c)Pole jamming.
4. Any one pole is getting tripped a) Tripping commands
after closing. continues.
b) Misplacement (or)
tension change is spring
below trip latch.
c) Worn out roller lever
assembly.
5. Breaker dose not trip. a)Defect in trip coil (or) trip
circuit.
b)Worn out C & D roller of
control valve.
6. Gas leak. a) Gas leak through shaft.
b) Gas leak in P18 O ring
area.
c) Gas leak in P7 O ring
Replace valve seat and cap seal in
control valve (sea control valve
maintenance).
Remove coil connections of pole
discrepancy relay, and then give close
command and observe.
If any one (or) two poles doses not
close, check the particular poles for
non operation. If all poles closed with
delayed timing, check the closing coil
resistance of the delaying poles.
Check closing coil resistance and check
the closing circuit as per the scheme.
Lubricate the Anti pumping pin and
make it free.
Check the pole jamming by using slow
closing device.
Check the voltage across the trip coil
and check the trip circuit as per the
scheme.
Place the spring properly (or) replace
the spring.
Replace the roller lever assembly.
Check the trip coil and trip circuit as
per the scheme.
Replace the C & D roller.
Replace the etna seal on that area.
Replace P18 O ring.
Replace the P7 O ring.
Use of manual operating bar ;

1) Attachment ; The operating mechanism is shipped in the open position with the opening and closing lock pins in place. These are to be removed when the breaker mechanism is to be manually
operated.
a) Liberally apply grease to the thread and top end ( hemispherical end) of the jack bar end screw the jack into the pin block.
b) Insert pin of the pin- block into the 44 hole of the lever.
c) Insert the top end of the jack bar into the blind hole at the upper part of the mechanism housing, turning the jack bar if necessary. Remove the closing and opening lock pins on the operating
mechanism. These pins have key- rings attached to their ends.

2) Closing the breaker ;

Since the breaker is latched in the open position by the holding latch, it is necessary to de-latch it before slow closing.
a) Turn jack bar with a spanner anti- clockwise direction so that the mechanism travels downwards to an opening overstroke position. In this position a gap will appear between trigger and
holding latch roller when viewed through hole ( refer figure). View from the back of the mechanism housing after removing rear cover .press down the core of the closing coil with hand
or by a screw driver such that trigger is lifted away from the holding latch roller. In this position turn jack bar clockwise so that mechanical position starts moving upwards and holding
latch roller slips under latch. Release the core of the closing coil. The mechanism is now is de-latched.

Closing of the breaker can now be done by turning jack bar clockwise. The fully closed condition is reached when jack bar rotates freely.

PRINCIPAL OF OPERATION ABB MAKE, ELF 145 nc1 TYPE BREAKERS.

Opening:-

When open pulse is given, the open coils Y2 and Y3 are energized and pull the cores of solenoid valve. Compressed air flows to the large piston area of solenoid valve (3170) and moves the piston downwards
whereby valve seat A closes and B opens simultaneously. The compressed air flows to the area above the drive piston (3521) of the drive mechanism. The moving contact (1200) linked to the drive piston via operating
rod (2003) also moves downwards.
During the movement the blast piston compresses gas in the blast cylinder (1213). The current contact parts and current commutates to the arcing contacts. The arc between the arcing contact in blown intensively
by gas compressed by the blast cylinder and extinguished.

The motion of the drive piston is damped by pressure rice in closing volume of the drive mechanism.

Closing operation:-

When close coil Y1 is energized, the air above the solenoid valve piston is vented. The compressed air on the smaller face of the valve piston (3170) pushes the piston upwards, there by sealing valve seat B and
opening the seat A to atmosphere. The open space air is exhausted to atmosphere through the exhaust port.
The pressure in close space forces the piston upwards which in turn moving contact.
During the movement, diaphragm of moving contacts opens so that SF6 gas can flow in to the blast cylinder.
The arcing contact close before the current carrying contacts.
After a certain distance is moved the closing is damped by pressure in Open space.

SL. TROUBLES CAUSE REMEDY

NO
1. Air leak through solenoid Worn out V groove rings in Replace the V groove rings in the solenoid valve
valve. solenoid valve. by new space.

2. Air leak through drive Worn out V groove rings in Replace the V groove rings.
mechanism. drive mechanism.
3. Gas leak through
interconnecting copper pipe
joint.
4. Gas leak through shaft.
TROUBLES IN BHEL, 3AR1EG BREAKERS AND REMEDIES
SL. TROUBLES
NO
1. Aero shell fluid leaking.
2. Aero shell fluid pressure
reduces and no fluid leak
during on condition.
3. Aero shell fluid pressure
dose not build up.
Weak joints.
a) Worn out lip seal.
b) Scratches in coupling
piece.
CAUSE
Worn out O ring (or) dowty
seal in the leaking area.
Improper positioning of valve
piston.
a) Blocking fluid filter at the
inlet of pump.
Replace the using silver rods.
Replace the lip seal (or) replace all spare of
longitudinal assembly.
Replace the coupling piece.
REMEDY
1. Reduce the hydraulic pressure to zero by the
opening the pressure release value.
2. Release the fluid from strong tank through
drain cock.
3. Replace the damaged O ring (or) dowty seal.
4.Fill up the fluid in strong tank.
5. Do air venting of hydraulic system.
1. Release the hydraulic pressure to zero.
2. Just lift and release the pilot valve piston by
using poking rods.
3. Do the air venting process as stated above.
4. Check Breaker operation.
If still the pressure is getting reduced during
ON condition, then the pivot valve assembly to
be got serviced.
1. Remove the filter at the pump inlet and clean it
after releasing the Hydraulic pressure.
2. Carry out air venting.
3. Check Breaker operation.

b) Damaged Dynamic seal in
main valve.
1. Keeping pressure valve closed, and Hydraulic
pump in service, check whether oil comes out
through leakage oil pipe.
If oil comes out then it confirms the
failure of dynamic seal (shaft seal). The seal
needs to be replaced.

RSSENTIAL TOOLS REQUIRED:-

1. Poking rod.
2. Funnel and hose.
3. Mulmul clothe (or) filter funnel for fluid filtration.

PRINCIPAL OF OPERATION OF BHEL MAKE 3 AR1EG TYPE BREAKERS:-

The operating energy is provided by nitrogen compressed in storage cylinder.

HYDRAULIC OPREATING MECHANISUM:-

OPREATING PRINCIPAL OF TELK MAKE, OFPI-200-3IL TYPE BREAKER:-

1. Closing operation is done by energy stored in closing spring which is located at the interrupting chamber.
2. Opening is done by Air pressure exerted on operating piston. (Air pressure is controlled by control valve which in turn controlled by tripping coil).

CLOSING OPREATION:-

When closed coil is energized, the hook at the closing latch is disengaged which causes the closing spring at the interrupter chamber to de-energise and Breaker gets closed.

OPENING OPRATION:-

When trip coil is energized, the spring at pilot valve causes charging valve to allow compressed air at the right side of the operating piston., and operating piston moves towards left and high speed and the
moving contact at the interrupter move towards down and gets opened
Simultaneous with opening operation, the lever at trip latch is being brought to original position by a cam linked with tripping Mechanism. As soon as the lever comes to original piston, the air at the right side of
the operating piston is exhausted thought charging valve and muffler.

TROUBLE AND REMEDIES IN TELK MAKE, OFPI-200-3IL TYPE BREAKERS.

SL. TROUBLES CAUSE REMEDY
NO
1. Breaker does not operate. 1. Sticky operating piston. Keeping air pressure released, and DC Off, carry
out manual closing and opening to check the free
movement of operating piston.

If the slow closing (Manual operation) could

not be done, then the open inspection of cylinder
is to be carried out.

2. Air leaks through upper Worn out spring at upper After releasing the air completely, release the
valve. valve. spring and check it. If necessary replace it.

3. Air leak through exhaust Sticky charging valve piston. After releasing air completely, remove the
muffler. charging valve piston and check the movement of
it in charging valve. If the movement found
sticky, then clean the piston by cleaning and re
assemble it.