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Introduction
cardiac biomarkers and diagnostics
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a group of disorders of the heart and blood vessels. CVDs are the
leading cause of death globally; it is estimated that approximately 30% of all deaths are caused by CVDs.
First markers for cardiac diseases diagnostics more emphasis has been put on the development
were described already in the late 1950s and early of markers which could be used for CVD prevention
1960s when it was shown that measurements of and risk assessment.
lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK)
or aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) enzymatic
activities could be used in diagnosis of acute HyTest has been at the fore front of development of
myocardial infarction (AMI). However, these assays reagents for CVDs diagnostics. During the past 20
had low specificity and sensitivity. First improvement years our scientists have authored or co-authored
was the development of immunological assays more than 30 articles published in peer reviewed
using polyclonal antibodies. In the early 1980s the scientific journals. This investment in scientific
first monoclonal antibodies were brought to the work has helped us to develop raw materials used
market marking a major leap in the development of by worlds leading diagnostics companies. HyTest
immunoassays. scientists have also worked actively in IFCC and
AACC standardization committees. In 2004, HyTests
Since those days cardiac diseases diagnostics has cardiac troponin complex material was chosen as a
gone through a significant evolution. Enzymatic raw material for the international troponin standard.
assays and myoglobin assays have been replaced with
cardiac troponins (I and T) and their high sensitivity We believe that reliable raw materials for diagnostics
versions are becoming the leading paradigm in AMI can be produced only if the design is based on solid
diagnostics. At the same time, markers for heart understanding of the behavior of the biomarker, the
failure diagnosis have been adopted into routine use disease state and most importantly, the needs of the
in most clinical laboratories. Within the recent years, industry using the raw materials.
Markers of myocardial infarction and heart failure. This schematic representation shows how they differ in timing and in
specificity.
2 INTRODUCTION
www.hytest.fi
CLINICAL UTILITY
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI)
Unstable angina
AMI prognosis
Cardiac muscle injury and cell death
801
M18
228
M155
916 820
810 10F4
P4 - 9F6
P4 - 14G5
10
909
20
4C2
30
3C7
40
19C7
50 60
247
70 80
At HyTest, we
have intensively
ADGSSDAAREPRPAPAPIRRRSSNYRAYATEPHAKKKSKISASRKLQLKTLLLQIAKQELEREAEERRGEKGRALSTRCQ
16A12
8E10
studied troponin I
16A11 581
17F3 84 M46
560 415
267
596
458 MF4
625 C5 p45 - 10
170 180 190 200
RAKESLDLRAHLKQVKKEDTEKENREVGDWRKNIDALSGMEGRKKKFES
120
120
% of cTnI immunological activity
80
80
60
60
40
40
20
0h 20
-Heparin
0 170 h
0 +Heparin
19C7-M18 19C7-810 19C7-916 19C7-560 M18+560- M18-MF4
19C7+MF4 810-19C7 909-19C7 19C7-560 M18+560- 228-19C7
MF4
19C7+7F4
Figure 3. Effect of proteolytic degradation. Best two-site Figure 4. Effect of heparin. cTnI concentration was measured in the
combinations of cTnI antibodies specific to the stable part of cTnI absence (green columns) or presence (blue columns) of
molecule tested with troponin complex before (green columns) 5 IU/ml heparin. Antibody 228 in the assay 228-19C7 is sensitive to
and after (blue columns) incubation for 170 hours with a mixture of the presence of heparin in the sample.
endogenous proteases from human cardiac tissue. Control assay
M18-MF4 is sensitive to cTnI proteolytic degradation.
MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES
Cat.# Product Tested applications
4T21* Monoclonal mouse anti-cardiac Enzyme immunoassays
troponin I (cTnI) Western blotting
Immunoprecipitation
Immunohistochemistry
Immunoaffinity purification
4T21cc* Monoclonal mouse anti-cardiac Enzyme immunoassays
troponin I (cTnI), in vitro Western blotting
POLYCLONAL ANTIBODY
Cat.# Product Host Tested applications
4T21/2 Polyclonal anti-cardiac troponin I (cTnI) Goat Immunoassays
ANTIGENS
Cat.# Product Source Purity
8T53 Troponin I cardiac, human Human cardiac muscle >98%
8RTI7 Troponin I cardiac, human, recombinant Recombinant >95%
8T53dp Troponin I cardiac, dephosphorylated Human cardiac muscle >95%
8T53ph Troponin I cardiac, phosphorylated Human cardiac muscle >95%
8IC63 Troponin complex (I-C) Human cardiac muscle N/A
8T62 Troponin complex (ITC), human Human cardiac muscle N/A
8T62a Troponin complex (ITC), artificial Human cardiac muscle N/A
8T25 Human skeletal TnI Human skeletal muscle >95%
Note. Animal specific antigens are also available. For more information please visit www.hytest.fi.
CLINICAL UTILITY
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI)
Unstable angina
AMI prognosis
Cardiac muscle injury and cell death
Cardiac troponin T (cTnT), along with cardiac High-sensitivity cTnT assay prototypes
troponin I (cTnI) is accepted as a Golden marker for
myocardial infarction (MI) diagnosis. Both biomarkers Assay prototypes utilizing our newly developed
are released into circulation with same kinetics and anti-cTnT monoclonal antibodies demonstrate a
either of them can be used for the diagnosis of MI good linearity and superior sensitivity. The limit
when tested using contemporary or point of care of detection (LoD) of both assays was better than
instruments. Moreover, cTnT and cTnI measurements 0.3ng/l. A typical calibration curve for a purified cTnT
by high-sensitivity assays could be helpful for long- in low concentration (0.14-100 ng/l) is presented in
term risk stratification of different patient groups Figure8.
with cardiac disease and/or for early rule-out or rule-
in patients in Emergency Departments. 10000000
1000000
100000
10000
CPS
1000
100
10
1
0,10 1,00 10,00 100,00
human cTnT concentration (ng/l)
AMI blood testing and correlation with a correlation between cTnT values obtained with our
commercially available hs-cTnT assay assay prototypes and the commercially available
hs-cTnT assay. The new cTnT MAbs allow for the
We studied the correlation of the two prototype development of highly sensitive immunoassays for
immunoassays to a commercially available hs- the detection of cTnT in the blood of AMI patients
cTnT assay by analyzing 38 serum samples from with high specificity.
AMI patients. Figure 9 shows that there is a good
4000 2400
2200
3500
2000
3000 1800
1600
2500
1400
2000 1200
1000
1500
800
1000 600
400
500
200
0
0
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000
Figure 9. HyTest immunoassays show good correlation to a commercially available hs-cTnT assay. Concentration of cTnT in 38 serum
samples obtained from AMI patients was determined by using two immunoassays utilizing HyTest antibodies (capture-detection pairs 329-
406 and 406-300) and a commercially available hs-cTnT assay.
MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES
Cat.# Product Tested applications
4T19* Monoclonal mouse anti-cardiac troponin T (cTnT) Western blotting
Affinity purification
Immunohistochemistry
Immunoprecipitation
4T19cc* Monoclonal mouse anti-cardiac troponin T (cTnT), in vitro Enzyme immunoassays
* Several MAbs available under one catalogue number. Please see www.hytest.fi.
POLYCLONAL ANTIBODY
Cat.# Product Host Tested applications
4T19/2 Polyclonal anti-cardiac troponin T (cTnT) Goat Enzyme immunoassays
Western blotting
Immunohistochemistry
Immunoprecipitation
ANTIGENS
Cat.# Product Source Purity
8T13 Human cardiac TnT Human cardiac muscle >98%
8RTT5 Human cardiac TnT, recombinant Recombinant >95%
8T24 Human skeletal TnT Human skeletal muscle >95%
Note. Animal specific antigens are also available. For more information please visit www.hytest.fi.
CLINICAL UTILITY
Identification or exclusion of heart failure (HF)
Assessment of the severity of HF
Prognosis of the disease development
Monitoring of drug therapy in the presence
of HF
Pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (proBNP) derivatives stretch and correlate with the severity of the disease.
BNP and NT-proBNP are established biomarkers Analysis of BNP and NT-proBNP levels are used e.g.
in heart failure (HF) diagnostics (Figure 10). The for exclusion of heart failure, risk stratification and as
concentrations of BNP and NT-proBNP in blood a prognostic marker of heart failure.
increase rapidly as a consequence of cardiac wall
Information obtained from BNP and NT-proBNP
studies conducted within the last few years has
greatly improved our understanding of the properties
and processing of proBNP. This, in turn, makes it
1 108 easier to design immunoassays which reliably and
quantitatively detect the biomarkers from clinical
ProBNP samples.
non-treated deglycosylated
A 15C413G12
B 11D113G12
NT-proBNP concentration, ng/ml
90
NT-proBNP concentration, ng/ml
90
80 80
70 70
60 60
50 50
40 40
30 30
20 20
10 10
0 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
HF patients HF patients
non-treated deglycosylated
15C413G12
Figure 11. Immunoreactivity of 90 endogenous NT-proBNP before and after deglycosylation. Concentration of endogenous NT-proBNP
NT-proBNP concentration, ng/ml
before (green columns) and after80 (blue columns) deglycosylation was measured in 8 HF patient samples by sandwich immunoassays. (A)
MAbs 15C463-71 and 13G1213-24 are
70 specific to the N- or C-terminal parts of the molecule which are not glycosylated. (B) The capture MAb
(11D131-39), recognizes an epitope
60 located at the central region. This region of endogenous NT-proBNP becomes available for antibody
recognition only after deglycosylation.
50
40
30
20
10 10
0
HUMAN PROBNP AND ITS DERIVATIVES NT-PROBNP AND BNP
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
HF patients
www.hytest.fi
MAb Ab-BNP2
SES-BNP
For more information about SES-BNP
Figure 12. The SES-BNP assay principle. The capture antibody
technology please visit is specific to a stable ring part of BNP. The detection antibody
www.hytest.fi/literature/ses-bnp recognizes only the complex formed by the capture antibody
or contact us at hytest@hytest.fi. and BNP.
MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES
Cat.# Product Tested applications
4BNP2* Monoclonal mouse anti-human brain natriuretic Enzyme immunoassays
peptide (BNP) Western blotting
4BNP2cc* Monoclonal mouse anti-human brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), Enzyme immunoassays
in vitro Western blotting
4BFab5 Monoclonal mouse anti-immune complex Enzyme immunoassays
(24C5-BNP/proBNP)
4BFab5cc Monoclonal mouse anti-immune complex Enzyme immunoassays
(24C5-BNP/proBNP), in vitro
4NT1* Monoclonal mouse anti-human N-terminal proBNP (NT- Enzyme immunoassays
proBNP) Western blotting
* Several MAbs available under one catalogue number. Please see www.hytest.fi.
ANTIGEN
Cat.# Product Source Purity
8NT2 NT-proBNP, recombinant Recombinant >95%
8PRO9 ProBNP, recombinant Recombinant >95%
8GOB2 ProBNP, glycosylated, recombinant Recombinant >95%
DEPLETED PLASMA
Cat.# Product Source/Remarks
8BFP BNP and NT-proBNP free plasma Pooled normal human plasma
Lipoprotein-associated
phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2)
CLINICAL UTILITY
Prognostic marker of adverse cardiac-
related events
10000
1000
1 10 100 1000 10000
Dilution factor
12 LIPOPROTEIN-ASSOCIATED PHOSPHOLIPASE A2
www.hytest.fi
100
Median
25%-75%
0 Min-Max
healthy AMI
1000
800
600
400
Median
200 25%-75%
healthy AMI
Min-Max
700
600
Lp-PLA2, ng/ml
500
400
MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES
Cat.# Product Tested applications
4LA7cc* Monoclonal mouse anti-human lipoprotein-associated Enzyme immunoassays
phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), in vitro Western blotting
* Several MAbs available under one catalogue number. Please see www.hytest.fi.
ANTIGEN
Cat.# Product Source Purity
8PL7 Recombinant human lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 Recombinant >75%
(Lp-PLA2)
LIPOPROTEIN-ASSOCIATED PHOSPHOLIPASE A2 13
HYTEST | CARDIAC MARKERS
CLINICAL UTILITY
Acute myocardial infarction
Acute coronary syndrome
Unstable angina
Down syndrome
The pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A 2008). In addition, dPAPP-A has also been shown to
(PAPP-A) has been used as a biochemical marker for be a strong independent marker of risk stratification
Down syndrome in the first trimester of pregnancy for patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS)
for a long time. In addition to this, several studies (Qin et al., 2002). In their literature search report,
show that PAPP-A is a promising marker for cardiac Richard Body and Craig Ferguson (2006) concluded
diseases. that PAPP-A is a promising biomarker for unstable
coronary disease and that it also could have great
PAPP-A can be found in blood in two different potential as a prognostic marker as part of a
forms: as a heterotetrameric complex (htPAPP-A) and multimarker strategy.
as a homodimeric complex (dPAPP-A) (Figure 15). Of
these, the dimeric form is the one associated with dPAPP-A specific sandwich immunoassay
cardiac diseases. dPAPP-A is abundantly expressed
in unstable coronary atherosclerotic plaques Our dPAPP-A specific monoclonal antibodies enable
(Bayes-Genis et al., 2001). the development of immunoassays that are suitable
for selective quantitative measurements of dPAPP-A
It has been demonstrated that the level of dPAPP-A in human blood, even in the presence of ht-PAPP-A
in the blood is significantly elevated in patients (Figures 16 and 17).
with unstable angina or acute myocardial infarction,
in comparison to patients with stable angina and
control subjects (Heeschen et al., 2005, Hjek et al.,
proMBP
subunit
100 000
CPS
10 000
1 000
0,1 1 10 100
20
10
0
ACS Normal
MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES
Cat.# Product Tested applications
4P41* Monoclonal mouse anti-human pregnancy-associated plasma Enzyme immunoassays
protein A (PAPP-A) Western blotting
* Several MAbs available under one catalogue number. Please see www.hytest.fi.
ANTIGEN
Cat.# Product Source Purity
8P64 PAPP-A, heterotetrameric form (htPAPP-A) Pooled retroplacental >85%
blood
8P97 PAPP-A, homodimeric form (dPAPP-A), recombinant Recombinant >90%
CLINICAL UTILITY
Prediction of major adverse cardiac events
Acute myocardial infarction
Acute coronary syndrome
Unstable angina
IGFBP-4 has been shown to be a substrate for and CT-IGFBP-4, respectively) that are the result of
dPAPP-A (Figure 18). dPAPP-A is a promising dPAPP-A cleavage instead of dPAPP-A could be used
marker for predicting plaque rupture which, in turn, as an indirect but more reliable method for obtaining
may lead to acute thrombosis. However, measuring information about dPAPP-A concentration and,
dPAPP-A concentrations reliably is challenging consequently, for predicting the rupture of vulnerable
due to many reasons (Terkelsen et al., 2009, Tertti plaques (Postnikov et al., 2012).
et al., 2009). Our studies indicate that quantifying
N- and C-terminal IGFBP-4 fragments (NT-IGFBP-4
B
We have
generated 800 000
MAbs specific
to epitopes
80 000
CPS
MAb binding
only after the 800
Calibrator, ng/ml
100 1 000 10 000
IGFBP-4 by
dPAPP-A. Figure 19. Sandwich immunoassays for detecting NT- and CT-IGFBP-4. (A)
Schematic representation of the assays and capture/detection MAbs chosen for
each assay. (B) Representative immunoassays with purified recombinant NT- and
CT-IGFBP-4 fragments.
MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES
Cat.# Product Tested applications
4IGF4* Monoclonal mouse anti-Insulin-like growth factor binding pro- Enzyme immunoassays
tein 4 (IGFBP-4)
* Several MAbs available under one catalogue number. Please see www.hytest.fi.
ANTIGEN
Cat.# Product Source Purity
8IGF4 IGFBP-4, human, recombinant Recombinant >90%
8NFB4 NT-IGFBP-4, human, recombinant Recombinant >95%
8CIG4 CT-IGFBP-4, human, recombinant Recombinant >95%
CLINICAL UTILITY
Prediction of future cardiovascular risk
Inflammation
C-reactive protein (CRP) is one of the so called acute High sensitivity CRP (hsCRP) immunoassays
phase proteins. Its concentration in blood increases
rapidly as a response to inflammation. In 2003, the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC) and the American Heart
In recent years, more information has been Association (AHA) issued a statement that identified
obtained about the possible role of inflammation in CRP as the inflammatory marker best suited for use
contributing to the development of serious health in current clinical practice to assess cardiovascular
issues such as diabetes or the development of risk (Ridker, 2003). While the CRP level in blood
cardiovascular diseases. These studies show that can rapidly increase to tens or even hundreds of
elevated basal levels of CRP indicate increased risk milligrams per liter during an acute inflammation, it
for cardiac diseases, thus making CRP a promising is the basal level of blood CRP that has more clinical
biomarker for predicting future development of significance when predicting future cardiac diseases
a heart disease. Many epidemiologic studies have (Scirica et al., 2007; Koenig et al., 2008). This is why
indicated that CRP is a strong independent predictor present day hsCRP assays are aimed at nanogram per
of future cardiovascular events, including myocardial milliliter (ng/ml) CRP level distinction (Figure 20).
infarction, ischemic stroke, peripheral vascular
disease, and sudden cardiac death without a known
cardiovascular disease (as reviewed by Clearfield,
2005).
10000000
1000000
100000
CPS
10000
1000
100
Figure 20. Immunodetection of CRP standard in a sandwich
10 immunoassay by MAb pair C2-C6. MAb C2 is biotinylated, MAb
0,01 0,1 1 10 100 1000 10000 C6 is labeled with stable Eu3+ chelate. The mixture of antibodies
CRP (ng/ml) and antigen samples (100 l) was incubated for 10 min at room
temperature in streptavidin coated plates.
CRP135
60
CRP135 4.4 x 10-9
40
20
0
-200 200 400 600 800 1000
-20
Time, s
-40
MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES
Cat.# Product Tested applications
4C28* Monoclonal mouse anti-human C-reactive protein (high sensi- Enzyme immunoassays (also high sensitivity)
tivity CRP) Western blotting
Turbidimetric assays
Immunohistochemistry
Immunoaffinity purification
4C28cc Monoclonal mouse anti-human C-reactive protein (high sensi- Enzyme immunoassays (high sensitivity)
tivity CRP), in vitro
* Several MAbs available under one catalogue number. Please see www.hytest.fi.
ANTIGEN
Cat.# Product Source Purity
8C72 C-reactive protein Human pleural/ascetic >95%
fluid or plasma
DEPLETED SERUM
Cat.# Product Source/Remarks
8CFS C-reactive protein free serum Pooled normal human serum
Myoglobin
CLINICAL UTILITY
Myocardial damage
Acute myocardial infarction
MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES
Cat.# Product Tested applications
4M23* Monoclonal mouse anti-human cardiac myoglobin Enzyme immunoassays
* Several MAbs available under one catalogue number. Please see www.hytest.fi.
ANTIGEN
Cat.# Product Source Purity
8M50 Myoglobin Human cardiac muscle >95%
DEPLETED SERUM
Cat.# Product Source/Remarks
8MFS Myoglobin free serum Pooled normal human serum
20 MYOGLOBIN
www.hytest.fi
Myeloperoxidase (MPO)
Our anti-MPO antibodies have been tested with Figure 23. Calibration curve for a MPO sandwich immunoassay.
clinical samples. MAbs 16E3 and 18B7 were used as capture and detection antibodies,
respectively. Native purified human MPO was used as the antigen.
MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES
Cat.# Product Tested applications
4M43* Monoclonal mouse anti-human myeloperoxidase (MPO) Enzyme immunoassays
Western blotting
* Several MAbs available under one catalogue number. Please see www.hytest.fi.
ANTIGEN
Cat.# Product Source Purity
8M80 Myeloperoxidase Human leukocyte mass >90%
DEPLETED SERUM
Cat.# Product Source/Remarks
8MPFS Myeloperoxidase free serum Pooled normal human serum
MYELOPEROXIDASE (MPO) 21
HYTEST | CARDIAC MARKERS
Fatty acid
binding protein (FABP)
CLINICAL UTILITY
Acute coronary syndrome
Myocardial injury
160
140
heart-type fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP) is 120 9F310E1
an early marker of myocardial injury and is widely 100
2822
applied in emergency triage of patients with acute 80
2830
coronary syndromes (Alhadi and Fox, 2004). H-FABP 60
40
is considerably more cardio-specific than myoglobin, 20
2831
MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES
Cat.# Product Tested applications
4F29* Monoclonal mouse anti-human fatty acid binding protein Enzyme immunoassays
(FABP) Western blotting
* Several MAbs available under one catalogue number. Please see www.hytest.fi.
ANTIGEN
Cat.# Product Source Purity
8F65 Fatty acid binding protein Human cardiac muscle >95%
DEPLETED SERUM
Cat.# Product Source/Remarks
8FFS Fatty acid binding protein free serum Pooled normal human serum
Other markers of
cardiovascular disease
Troponin C (TnC)
Troponin C (TnC) is the Ca2+-binding subunit of the troponin complex. In human muscle cells, it exists in two
different isoforms, fast and slow. In myocardium, TnC is presented by the slow skeletal isoform.
TnC forms high affinity complexes with cTnI. It was demonstrated that cTnI is presented mainly as a complex
with TnC in the blood stream of AMI patients (Katrukha et al., 1997). In the binary cTnI-TnC complex, TnC
protects cTnI from protease cleavage. Therefore, TnC can be used as a natural stabilizer of cTnI in water
solutions (Katrukha et al., 1998).
MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES
Cat.# Product Tested applications
4T27* Monoclonal mouse anti-troponin C (TnC) Enzyme immunoassays
Western blotting
4T27cc Monoclonal mouse anti-troponin C (TnC), in vitro Enzyme immunoassays
Western blotting
4TC2* Monoclonal mouse anti-human native cardiac Enzyme immunoassays
troponin complex
* Several MAbs available under one catalogue number. Please see www.hytest.fi.
ANTIGENS
Cat.# Product Source Purity
8T57 Troponin C, human Human cardiac muscle >98%
8RSC4 Recombinant human slow skeletal/cardiac troponin C (TnC) Recombinant >95%
8RKC3 Recombinant human troponin C skeletal muscle, isoform 2 Recombinant >95%
Note. Animal specific antigens are also available. For more information please visit www.hytest.fi.
MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES
Cat.# Product Tested applications
4D30* Monoclonal mouse anti-D-dimer Enzyme immunoassays
Western blotting
* Several MAbs available under one catalogue number. Please see www.hytest.fi.
ANTIGENS
Cat.# Product Source Purity
8D70 D-dimer Human plasma >90%
MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES
Cat.# Product Tested applications
4CD40* Monoclonal mouse anti-soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) Enzyme immunoassays
Western blotting
* Several MAbs available under one catalogue number. Please see www.hytest.fi.
Cystatin C
Cystatin C is a small protease inhibitor that is constantly expressed and secreted by most nucleated cells.
In clinical practice, it is a well-described serum marker of renal failure. In addition, due to the link between
impaired renal function and cardiovascular risk and diseases, cystatin C is also investigated for its putative
role as a cardiac marker.
MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES
Cat.# Product Tested applications
4CC1* Monoclonal mouse anti-cystatin C Enzyme immunoassays
Western blotting
* Several MAbs available under one catalogue number. Please see www.hytest.fi.
POLYCLONAL ANTIBODY
Cat.# Product Host Tested applications
PCC2 Polyclonal anti-cystatin C Sheep Enzyme immunoassays
Western blotting
Immunoprecipitation
ANTIGENS
Cat.# Product Source Purity
8CY5 Cystatin C, human, recombinant Recombinant >95%
8CN4 Cystatin C, human Pooled human serum, >95%
available only in
research amounts
DEPLETED SERUM
Cat.# Product Source/Remarks
8CCFS Cystatin C free serum Pooled normal human serum
MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES
Cat.# Product Tested applications
4T24* Monoclonal mouse anti-human serum albumin Enzyme immunoassays
Western blotting
* Several MAbs available under one catalogue number. Please see www.hytest.fi.
Procalcitonin (PCT)
Procalcitonin (PCT) is a small protein that is synthesized by the C-cells in thyroid glands. In cells, PCT is
further cleaved into three molecules: N-terminal fragment (N-terminal PCT), calcitonin and katacalcin.
PCT is considered to be the main marker of disorders that are accompanied by systemic inflammation
and sepsis. In addition to sepsis and infection, the level of PCT can increase e.g. as a result of surgery,
polytrauma, heat shock, burn injuries or cardiogenic shock. Monitoring PCT levels after cardiac surgery or
heart transplantation helps to differentiate an acute graft rejection from bacterial or fungal infections.
MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES
Cat.# Product Tested applications
4C10* Monoclonal mouse anti-human calcitonin Enzyme immunoassays
Western blotting
4C10cc Monoclonal mouse anti-human calcitonin, in vitro Enzyme immunoassays
4PC47* Monoclonal mouse anti-human procalcitonin (PCT) Enzyme immunoassays
Western blotting
* Several MAbs available under one catalogue number. Please see www.hytest.fi.
POLYCLONAL ANTIBODY
Cat.# Product Host Tested applications
PPC3 Polyclonal anti-procalcitonin (PCT) Goat Enzyme immunoassays
ANTIGENS
Cat.# Product Source Purity
8PC5 Procalcitonin, tag-free, recombinant Recombinant >95%
MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES
Cat.# Product Tested applications
4GP31* Monoclonal mouse anti-glycogen phosphorylase isoenzyme BB Enzyme immunoassays
(GPBB) Western blotting
* Several MAbs available under one catalogue number. Please see www.hytest.fi.
ANTIGENS
Cat.# Product Source Purity
8G67 Glycogen phosphorylase BB isoenzyme Human cardiac muscle >95%
MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES
Cat.# Product Tested applications
4SA11* Monoclonal mouse anti-serum amyloid A (SAA) Enzyme immunoassays
Western blotting
4VS4* Monoclonal mouse anti-serum amyloid A (SAA), animal Enzyme immunoassays
Western blotting
* Several MAbs available under one catalogue number. Please see www.hytest.fi.
MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES
Cat.# Product Tested applications
4RB2* Monoclonal mouse anti-human retinol-binding Enzyme immunoassays
protein 4 (RBP4) Western blotting
* Several MAbs available under one catalogue number. Please see www.hytest.fi.
ANTIGENS
Cat.# Product Source Purity
8RF9 Retinol-binding protein 4 from human plasma, Pooled human plasma >95%
free form
8RP7 Retinol-binding protein 4 from human plasma, Pooled human plasma >95%
complexed with transthyretin
MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES
Cat.# Product Specificity Tested applications
4LOX1* Monoclonal mouse anti-sLOX-1 Human recombinant Enzyme immunoassays
sLOX-158-273 Western blotting
* Several MAbs available under one catalogue number. Please see www.hytest.fi.
Adiponectin (Adn)
Adiponectin is an abundant protein hormone that belongs to the so-called adipokines family. It is expressed
mostly by adipocytes and it is an important regulator of lipid and glucose metabolism. It is established
that adiponectin is an insulin-sensitizing hormone with anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic
properties. Adiponectin levels in serum have been shown to correlate with various life-style related diseases,
including atherosclerosis and heart failure.
MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES
Cat.# Product Tested applications
2AN6* Monoclonal mouse anti-human adiponectin Enzyme immunoassays
Western blotting
* Several MAbs available under one catalogue number. Please see www.hytest.fi.
ANTIGENS
Cat.# Product Source Purity
8AN7 Adiponectin, human Pooled human plasma >95%
S100 protein
S100 proteins are acidic, calcium-binding proteins with a molecular weight of 10-12 kDa. Over 20 different
members of this family have been identified in humans. These proteins form homo- and heterodimers
and they appear to be involved in diverse cellular processes such as in cell growth and differentiation or
the inflammatory response. Some family members (S100B and S100A1) have been studied for their role in
cardiac diseases.
MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES
Cat.# Product Tested applications
4S37* Monoclonal mouse anti-human S100 protein Enzyme immunoassays
Western blotting
* Several MAbs available under one catalogue number. Please see www.hytest.fi.
ANTIGENS
Cat.# Product Source Purity
8S9h S100BB homodimer and S100A1B heterodimer, human Human brain >95%
8S9b S100BB homodimer and S100A1B heterodimer, bovine Bovine brain >95%
8S9-2h S100BB homodimer, human Human brain >95%
8S9-2b S100BB homodimer, bovine Bovine brain >95%
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